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Pennsylvania History Pennsylvania History a journal of mid-atlantic studies PHvolume 80, number 2 · spring 2013 “Under These Classic Shades Together”: Intimate Male Friendships at the Antebellum College of New Jersey Thomas J. Balcerski 169 Pennsylvania’s Revolutionary Militia Law: The Statute that Transformed the State Francis S. Fox 204 “Long in the Hand and Altogether Fruitless”: The Pennsylvania Salt Works and Salt-Making on the New Jersey Shore during the American Revolution Michael S. Adelberg 215 “A Genuine Republican”: Benjamin Franklin Bache’s Remarks (1797), the Federalists, and Republican Civic Humanism Arthur Scherr 243 Obituaries Ira V. Brown (1922–2012) Robert V. Brown and John B. Frantz 299 Gerald G. (Gerry) Eggert (1926–2012) William Pencak 302 bOOk reviews James Rice. Tales from a Revolution: Bacon’s Rebellion and the Transformation of Colonial America Reviewed by Matthew Kruer 305 This content downloaded from 128.118.153.205 on Mon, 15 Apr 2019 13:08:47 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Sally McMurry and Nancy Van Dolsen, eds. Architecture and Landscape of the Pennsylvania Germans, 1720-1920 Reviewed by Jason R. Sellers 307 Patrick M. Erben. A Harmony of the Spirits: Translation and the Language of Community in Early Pennsylvania Reviewed by Karen Guenther 310 Jennifer Hull Dorsey. Hirelings: African American Workers and Free Labor in Early Maryland Reviewed by Ted M. Sickler 313 Kenneth E. Marshall. Manhood Enslaved: Bondmen in Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century New Jersey Reviewed by Thomas J. Balcerski 315 Jeremy Engels. Enemyship: Democracy and Counter-Revolution in the Early Republic Reviewed by Emma Stapely 318 George E. Thomas, ed. Buildings of Pennsylvania: Philadelphia and Eastern Pennsylvania Reviewed by Grace Ong Yan 320 Dianne Harris, ed. Second Suburb: Levittown, Pennsylvania Reviewed by David R. Contosta 323 David R. Contosta and Carol Franklin. Metropolitan Paradise: The Struggle for Nature in the City—Philadelphia’s Wissahickon Valley, 1620–2020 Reviewed by William Pencak 326 film review Spielberg’s Lincoln: An Ambitious Pastiche Reviewed by Cory Rosenberg 329 cOntributOrs 333 This content downloaded from 128.118.153.205 on Mon, 15 Apr 2019 13:08:47 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms submission information Pennsylvania History publishes documents previously unpublished and of interest to scholars of the Middle Atlantic region. The Journal also reviews books, exhibits, and other media dealing primarily with Pennsylvania history or that shed significant light on the state’s past. The editors invite the submission of articles dealing with the history of Pennsylvania and the Middle Atlantic region, regardless of their specialty. Prospective authors should review past issues of Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, where they will note articles in social, intellectual, economic, environmental, political, and cultural history, from the distant and recent past. Articles may investigate new areas of research or they may reflect on past scholarship. Material that is primarily of an antiquarian or genealogical nature will not be considered. Please conform to the Chicago Manual of Style in preparing your manuscript. Send article submissions and suggestions for special issues to Editor William Pencak, by email [email protected] (preferred) or by mail, P.O. Box 132, Coburn, PA 16832. Send books for review and announcements to Patrick Spero, Dept. of Political Science, Schapiro Hall, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267. important notices Pennsylvania History (ISSN 0031-4528; E-ISSN 2153-2109) is the official journal of the Pennsylvania Historical Association and is published quarterly by the Pennsylvania Historical Association and the Pennsylvania State University Press. Annual member subscription rates: $30 for students, and $40 for individuals ($55 if outside U.S.). Payments should be directed to Business Secretary Karen Guenther, 216 Pinecrest Hall, Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA 16933. Address changes should also be directed to Karen Guenther. Periodicals postage paid at Mansfield, and additional mailing offices. Claims for missing or damaged issues should be directed to Karen Guenther. This content downloaded from 128.118.153.205 on Mon, 15 Apr 2019 13:08:47 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms editor William Pencak, Emeritus, The Pennsylvania State University and Ohio State University associate editors Laura Keenan-Spero Patrick Spero, Williams College editorial board Andrew Arnold, Kutztown University Susan Branson, Syracuse Peter Carmichael, Gettysburg College Ileen DeVault, Cornell University Aaron Fogelman, Northern Illinois University Carolyn Kitch, Temple University Jane Merritt, Old Dominion University Simon Newman, University of Glasgow Linda Ries, Pennsylvania State Archives Steve Rosswurm, Lake Forest College John Smolenski, University of California Davis Thomas Sugrue, University of Pennsylvania Joe Trotter, Carnegie-Mellon University Julie Winch, University of Massachusetts, Boston Christopher Young, Indian University Northwest This content downloaded from 128.118.153.205 on Mon, 15 Apr 2019 13:08:47 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Publication of Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies is made possible by deeply appreciated support from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission and the Department of History, the Pennsylvania State University. We thank Karen Guenther for keeping our membership lists in order. officers of the pennsylvania historical association President, Janet Moore Lindman, Rowan University [email protected] Immediate Past President, Marion Roydhouse, Philadelphia University [email protected] Vice-President, Kenneth C. Wolensky [email protected] Business Secretary, Karen Guenther, Mansfield University [email protected] Treasurer, Tina Hyduke, Penn State Federal Credit Union [email protected] Secretary, Rachel Batch, Widener University [email protected] Editor, William Pencak, Emeritus, The Pennsylvania State University and Ohio State University [email protected] the pennsylvania historical association The Pennsylvania Historical Association endeavors to stimulate scholarly activity and arouse popular interest in the Commonwealth’s history. It sponsors Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, a publication series, and annual meetings held successively throughout the state. www.pa-history.org On the cover: Photograph of a group of members of Princeton’s class of 1859 playing cards, Princeton University Archives, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections. Photograph used with permission of the Princeton University Library. This content downloaded from 128.118.153.205 on Mon, 15 Apr 2019 13:08:47 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms “Under These ClassiC shades TogeTher”: inTimaTe male Friendships aT The anTebellUm College oF new Jersey Thomas J. Balcerski cross American colleges and universities during the late Aantebellum period, young men associated outside the classroom in literary, social, and fraternal clubs, all-male spaces highly conducive to the formation of strong friendships. Strong male relationships developed in which such terms as “intimacy,” “fraternal love,” and the “after life” were fundamental tenets of a shared experience. Unlike the collective world found in the public sphere of adult men, the antebellum college setting differed precisely because the young men quite frequently lived and dined together in dormitories, boarding and rooming houses, and fraternities, often secretly organized, in the towns and cities in which their colleges were located. Their lives were marked by dynamic uncertainty: not yet fully independent adults, but no longer completely dependent for support on their families.1 Since at least the 1970s, historians have debated the possibilities of same-sex intimacy among women, the terms of which have often centered on their timing and their prevalence in early American 2 society. Only recently, however, have men as gendered subjects pennsylvania history: a journal of mid-atlantic studies, vol. 80, no. 2, 2013. Copyright © 2013 The Pennsylvania Historical Association PAH 80.2_01_Balcerski.indd 169 13/03/13 8:37 AM This content downloaded from 128.118.153.205 on Mon, 15 Apr 2019 13:11:14 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms pennsylvania history become an area for scholarly inquiry, with the so-called New Men’s History.3 Historians have demonstrated numerous instances of same-sex intimacy among males, including among college students, though the challenge of finding concrete sources for such intimacy has made definitive assessment difficult in all cases.4 Some historians have concluded that college friendships were mostly platonic products of early manhood and highly dependent on the environment in which they were formed.5 Other scholars have argued persuasively that same-sex attractions and intimacies, and not simply intimate friendships, were also distinct possibilities for college men.6 This article argues that the students themselves defined the boundaries of intimate friendships in an uncertain period prior to full adulthood. In the antebellum college, for the first and perhaps only time in their lives, young men formed strong friendships in an individual, intimate, and perhaps homoerotic world, one unregulated by parents, kinsmen, or neighbors. Inherently a fragile and temporary world—rife with the tensions created by sectional conflict, the
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