Taking Wind Conference Report
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2 ISSN 1236-2115 ISBN 952-00-1226-5 Cover picture: Janne Pallari Photos: Mervi Autti Layout: AT-Julkaisutoimisto Oy Printing: Hakapaino Oy, Helsinki 2002 3 Contents FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................. 9 I OPENING ADDRESSES ............................................................................................. 13 Opening Address, Eva Biaudet, Minister for Gender Equality, Finland ................... 15 United Nations Activities, Carolyn Hannan, Director of United Nations Division for Gender Equality ....................................................................................... 20 Gender Equality is Quality of Life, Carita Peltonen, Nordic Council of Ministers . 28 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES...................................................................................... 31 Breaking Trail: Women of the Arctic Shaping the Future, Honourable Audrey McLaughlin ................................................................................ 31 Where Have all the Fishes Gone? Men Shaping the Marine Arctic Future, Bente Aasjord ................................................................................................................ 36 II WOMEN AND WORK IN THE ARCTIC................................................................. 44 Women on the Labour Market and Equal Opportunities, Ole Dorph, Minister for Gender Equality, Greenland ............................................... 47 Women’s Living Conditions and Employment Opportunities, Tamara Rumyantseva ................................................................................................... 51 Understanding Our Past as a Key to Understanding Our Future, Arliss Sturgulewski ....................................................................................................... 60 WOMEN AS ENTREPRENERUS ............................................................................... 65 Arctic Inspirations: Women Creating Small Businesses and Personal Success in Small Communities, Linda Chamberlain .............................................................. 65 Supporting Russian Women Making Their Way, Lena Allheim ............................... 68 NATURAL RESOURCES, USE OF LAND, LAND RIGHTS .................................... 73 Women and Natural Resources in the Circumpolar North: Striving for Sustainable Development Through Leadership, Joanna Kafarowski........................ 73 Indigenous Women and Sustainable Development – Identity and Land Rights, Irja Seurujärvi-Kari ...................................................................................................... 79 4 LIVING CONDITIONS ................................................................................................. 83 Rural Women and Men in the Arkhangelsk Region: Coping Strategies with Marginalisation, Natalia Koukarenko ................................................................... 83 Constructing Life Through Learning – Women and Their Life Narratives in Rural Northern Finland, Seija Keskitalo-Foley ........................................................ 96 Women of Sakha Republic: New Social Roles in the Changing World, Sardana Boyakova ......................................................................................................... 105 OCCUPATIONS, CAPACITY BUILDING, KNOWLEDGE, EDUCATION ........... 109 Women with Higher Education: Is it a Way to Professional Success? Elena Kudryashova........................................................................................................ 109 Raising Women’s Consciousness about Gender Issues in the North, Päivi Naskali ... 118 III GENDER IN THE SELF-DETERMINATION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ..... 126 The Sámi Parliament in Norway: Limited Access for Women, Vigdis Stordahl .............................................................................................................. 129 The Role of Governmental Structures and NGOs in Forming New Types of Relations with the Indigenous Peoples of the North, Fenya Lekhanova .................. 135 Diplomatic Leadership: A Building Block to Strengthen the Role of Women in Public Office, Honourable Glenna F. Hansen ........................................................ 139 GENDER ROLES IN THE GOVERNANCE OF INDIGENOUS INSTITUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 144 Institutional Development in the NWT: Women’s Involvement in Self Government Negotiations, Stephanie Irlbacher Fox .......................................... 144 She’s a Politician: Inuit Women’s Participation in Elite Politics, Tina Minor .......... 152 LEADERSHIP IN THE COMMUNITIES, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ........ 156 Sámi Women’s Equal Rights – Yesterday and Tomorrow, Maria Kråik .................... 156 Building from Strength: A Study of Community in the North American Arctic, Karen Ericksen et. al. .................................................................................................... 162 Technology and the Empowerment of Women: Examples from Norrbotten, Maria Udén.................................................................................................................... 167 GENDER IN LEGISLATIVE PRACTICES: A PANEL DISCUSSION OF WOMEN POLITICIANS ............................................ 174 5 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE ............................................................................... 177 Reclaiming Space for Indigenous Knowledge Practice: A Case Study of the Recovery of the Traditional Art of Sankiluaq Grass Basket-Making, Cindy Cowan............................................................................................................... 177 The Traditional Knowledge of Nenets Women, Olga Terletskaya .......................... 184 Pingnakurriuta (Always Trying) Reintroducing Traditional Yup’ik Indigenous Practices, Esther A. Ilutsik .......................................................................................... 186 IV VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ........................................................................... 189 Address by Margareta Winberg, Minister for Gender Equality, Sweden ................ 191 Prioriting Domestic Violence as a Women’s Health Issue in the Arctic, Linda Chamberlain ..................................................................................................... 195 BREAKING THE SILENCE AROUND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ........... 198 Reporting About Violence Against Women in Mass Media, Maria Kostina .......... 198 Violence vs. Women, Nature and Democracy – Alternatives to the Politics of “Arctic Othering”, Kaarina Kailo ........................................................................... 205 Incest – A Long Way to Escape, Merja Laitinen ....................................................... 216 WOMEN’S HEALTH IN THE ARCTIC ................................................................... 225 Connecting for Care: Telehealth and Women’s Services, Kathe Boucha ................ 225 Women’s Centers in Alaska and Chukotka, Andrea J. Greene ................................ 230 The Health of the Women Equals the Health of the Families, Else Poulsen.......... 235 Sami Women’s Health – Experiences of a Family Physician in 1977-2002, Aino Snellman ............................................................................................................ 239 EXERIENCES OF SERVICE SYSTEMS ................................................................... 243 Tundrovichka – Support Services for Women, Yelena Antipina ............................. 243 Building a Trans-Regional East-West Service System in the Barents Region, Aino Saarinen & Olga Liapounova ........................................................................... 245 Family Wellness: Warriors Initiative, Leanndra Bergeron ....................................... 252 How do a Russian and a Norwegian Battered Woman Create New Meaningful Stories? Siv Oltedal ..................................................................................................... 256 Report from the Nora Centre in Kirkenes, Norway, Annik Eriksson ..................... 268 6 TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND PROSTITUTION ........................................... 271 Purchase of Women in the Barents Region – Myths, Reality and the Fight Against Sex Slavery, Eva Engman .............................................................................. 271 Trafficking for the Purposes of Prostitution – Outline for Joint Research, Reet Nurmi .................................................................................................................. 276 Trafficking as a Result of Women’s Unemployment, Tatiana Antonova ................ 283 V CLOSING OF THE CONFERENCE ........................................................................ 285 Welcoming Words at the Conference Dinner, Ambassador Peter Stenlund .......... 287 Closing Address, Governor Hannele Pokka .............................................................. 289 Recommendations of Taking Wing Conference....................................................... 292 7 TAKING WING Welcome Reception, in the front (left) Esther A. Ilutsik, Marie Meade, Michelle Snyder and Mary Kapsner Welcome Reception, Tiina Aikio and Reeti Hannula (left) Opening Ceremony, Esther A. Ilutsik 8 TAKING WING TAKING WING 9 Foreword This report offers the contents of the plenary sessions and workshops of the Arctic Council Gender Equality Conference TAKING WING to a wider public.