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The Old Saxon Language Grammar, Epic Narrative, Linguistic Interference

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The Old Saxon Language Grammar, Epic Narrative, Linguistic Interference Irmengard.Rauch The Old Saxon Language Grammar, Epic Narrative, Linguistic Interference PETER LANG New York • San Francisco • Bern • Baltimore Frankfurt am Main • Berlin • Wien • Paris Contents Plate I Ms. C Fit 1: lines 1-18a xvii Plate II Ms. M Fit 2-3: lines 117-179a x vi i i -x ix Plate III Ms. S Fit 7: lines 558b-582a; Fit 8: lines 675-683a; lines 692-698 xx-xxi Plate IV Versus de Poeta & interprete huius codicis xxii Plate V Map of Old Saxon Speech Area x x i i i Introduction xxv Symbols and Abbreviations xli Chapter One Reading an Old Saxon Text; Early Cognitive Decisions; The Verb in the Lexicon; The Strong Verb Dictionary Finder Chart 1. The Old Saxon Text: Narrative Discourse 1 2. The OS Sentence, Grammatical Constituents, Lexicon 2 3. The Verb in the Lexicon 3 3.1 The Fundamental Identifying Form (FIF) of the Verb 3 3.2 Strong, Weak, Modal Auxiliary, Anomalous Verb Types 4 VIII 3.3 Strong Verb ABLAUT 5 3.3.1 The Strong Verb Dictionary Finder Chart 6 3.3.2 Variation in the Seven Strong Verb Sets 12 Chapter Two After the First Search; Diachronic Synchrony and Linguistic Explanation; Linear Syntax: Independent Sentence; Pragmatic Strategies; Nonlinear Micro-syntax: Morphology; Inflection of Verb Present Tense 4. Linguistic Generalization in Diachronic Synchrony 19 5. Completing the Search 23 6. Linear Syntax: The Independent Sentence 24 6.1 The Independent Declarative Sentence: (X)VbSO 24 6.2 The Unmarked Interrogative and the Unmarked Imperative Sentence: (X)VbSO 25 6.3 The Marked Independent Sentence: (X)SVbO and (X)SOVb 26 6.4 Textual and Pragmatic Strategies in Linear Syntax 27 7. Nonlinear Micro-syntax: Morphology 31 8. Inflection of Verb Present Tense Indicative 35 8.1 Present Tense Indicative Suffix 35 8.2 Present Tense Plural Types: Membership and Root Modifications 36 8.2.1 The -(a)d Plural Verbs . 37 8.2.2 The -un Plural Verbs 38 8.2.3 Anomalous Verbs 39 Chapter Three Prepositional Meaning and Valence; The Noun and its Grammatical Categories; Inflection of the Masculine Strong Noun; Inflection of the Neuter Strong Noun IX 9. Propositional Meaning and Valence 43 10. The Argument(s) 46 10.1 The Noun and Its Categories 46 11. The Inflection of the Masculine Strong Noun 48 11.1 Masculine Strong Noun Suffix 48 11.2 Masculine Strong Noun Plural Types: Root and Suffix Variations 50 11.2.1 Masculine Strong Noun 0-Plural Subset Contaminations; Anomalies 52 12. The Inflection of the Neuter Strong Noun 53 12.1 Neuter Strong Noun Suffix 53 12.2 Neuter Strong Noun Plural Types: Root and Suffix Variations 54 12.2.1 Neuter Strong Noun 0-Plural Subset Contaminations; Anomalies 56 Chapter Four Primary Evidence in Reading the OS Text; Graphemics and the Interpretation of Desinences; Inflection of the Feminine Strong Noun; Inflection of the Masculine, Neuter, and Feminine Weak Nouns 13. Graphemics " 57 13.1 Graphic Variation 58 13.2 Reading the Inflectional Syllable: Reality in Diachronic Synchrony 59 14. The Inflection of the Feminine Strong Noun 63 14.1 Feminine Strong Noun Suffix 63 14.2 Feminine Strong Noun Plural Types: Root and Suffix Variations 65 14.2.1 Feminine Strong Noun /-Plural Subset Contaminations; Anomalies 67 15. The Inflection of the Trigender Weak Noun 68 15.1 Trigender Weak Noun Suffix 68 15.2 Trigender Weak Noun: Root and Suffix Variations 70 Chapter Five Hearing the Old Saxon Text; Articulatory/Acoustic Features of the Sounds; Systematic Segmental Phonemes; Suprasegmental Phonemes; Alliterative Verse Form; Syllable 16. Sounds in Historical Language 73 16.1 Articulatory Phonetics 74 16.1.1 Consonant 75 16.1.2 Vowel 77 16.2 Acoustic Phonetics 79 16.2.1 Consonant 80 16.2.2 Vowel 82 17. The Old Saxon Sound System 83 17.1 Segmental Phonemes of Old Saxon 85 17.2 Old Saxon Systematic Phonemes 85 17.3 Suprasegmental Phonemes of Old Saxon 88 17.3.1 Old Saxon Alliterative Verse Form 88 17.3.2 Word Stress Phonemes 91 17.3.3 Syntactic Stress 93 17.4 Old Saxon Syllable 96 Chapter Six Sorting out the Graphemic Variation; Heliand and Genesis Manuscripts; Latin Prefaces; Old Saxon Speech Area, Dialects and Megadialects; Phonemic, Allophonic, Graphemic Fit 18. The Sound:Symbol Fit 99 19. Time/Space Setting of the Primary Old Saxon Data 100 XI 19.1 The Heliand Manuscripts 100 19.2 The Role of the Latin Heliand and Genesis Prefaces 101 19.3 Dialects and Megadialects 103 19.3.1 The Old Saxon Speech Area 103 19.3.2 Heliand Dialects and Register 105 19.3.3 Old Frisian, Old English, Old High German Megadialect Interference 108 19.4 Phoneme, Allophone, Grapheme 112 19.4.1 /p/ 113 19.4.2 /b/ 113 19.4.3 /f/ 114 19.4.4 /m/ 115 19.4.5 /w/ 115 19.4.6 /t/ 116 19.4.7 /d/ 117 19.4.8 /th/ 118 19.4.9 /s/ 120 19.4.10 /n/ 120 19.4.11 /I/ 121 19.4.12 /r/ 121 19.4.13 /k/ 122 19.4.14 /g/ 124 19.4.15 /x/ 125 19.4.16 /}/ 126 19.4.17 /h/ 127 19.4.18 IV 128 19.4.19 /u/ 128 19.4.20 /i/ 128 19.4.21 /u/ 129 19.4.22 /e/ 129 19.4.23 /o/ 130 19.4.24 /e/ 131 XII 19.4.25 /p7 131 19.4.26 /e/ 131 19.4.27 /o/ 133 19.4.28 /s/ 134 19.4.29 /a/ 134 19.4.30 /a/ 135 19.4.31 Diphthongs 135 19.5 Old Saxon Systematic Phones 137 Chapter Seven Configurating the Morphology; Nonlinear Macro-syntax; Subcategorization Rules in the Predicate, Argument, Modality Constituents 20. Nonlinear Macro-syntax 139 21. Subcategorization Rules 140 22. Predicate Constituent 140 22.1 Simple Nominal Complement 143 22.2 Complex Nominal Complement 145 22.3 Case Transformed to Prepositional Phrase 147 22.4 Adverbial Complement by Case or Case Transformed to Prepositional Phrase 149 22.5 Infinitive Complement 151 22.6 Present Participle Complement 153 22.7 Preterite Participle Complement 154 22.8 Sentence Complement 155 23. Argument Constituent 156 23.1 Article Determiner 157 23.2 Quantifier Determiner 157 23.3 Possessive Pronoun Determiner, Intensifier Pronoun, Possessive Noun 158 23.4 NP Expansion by Adjective 1 59 23.5 NP Expansion by Sentence 160 24. Modality Constituent 162 XIII 24.1 Tense 162 24.2 Mood 170 24.3 Aspect 176 24.4 Polarity 179 24.5 Diathesis 182 Chapter Eight The Lexicon: Derivation and Compounding; Nonnoun Nominal Inflection; Weakly Stressed Vowels; Inflection of the Verb Preterite Tense; Inflection of the Imperative and Subjunctive 25. Noninflectional Morphology 185 25.1 Derivation 187 25.2 Compounding 189 26. The Inflection of Nonnoun Nominals 191 26.1 Trigender Strong Nonnoun Nominal Suffix 192 26.1.1 Trigender Pronoun 194 26.1.2 Trigender Strong Adjective 199 26.1.3 Trigender Weak Adjective 201 26.1.4 Nonfinite Verb 203 27. Weakly Stressed Vowels 205 28. Inflection of Verb Preterite Tense Indicative 207 28.1 Preterite Tense Indicative Suffix 208 28.2 Preterite Tense Plural Types 209 28.2.1 The Nondental Preterite 210 28.2.2 The Dental Preterite 211 28.2.3 Anomalous Verbs 214 29. The Inflection of the Nonindicative Verb Moods 214 29.1 The Imperative 214 29.2 The Subjunctive 215 29.2.1 Present 215 29.2.2 Preterite 216 30. Further Linear and Nonlinear Syntax Rules 218 30.1 Linear Order 218 XIV 30.1.1 The Dependent Sentence 218 30.1.2 Lexical Category Phrases 219 30.2 Occasional Optional Congruence Rules 221 Selected Readings 223 Old Saxon Heliand. Fits I, II, VII, VIII, XXXII, XXXVII, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Lll, Llll 225 Genesis Fragment 250 Minor Documents: Charms, Psalm V.9. Explication 251 Latin Prose Preface(s) 253 Verse Preface 255 Old High German Charm Against Worms 257 Notker. Psalm V.9. Explication 257 Tatian: Luke 1.5-25 257 Otfrid: 1, 17 258 Muspilli 262 Old English Genesis Passages 267 Caedmon 273 Old Saxon Glossary 277 Latin Glossary 315 Old High German Glossary 333 XV Old English Glossary 357 Linguistic Technical Terms 373 Selected Bibliography 401 Index 409.
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