An Analysis of Relationships Between Religious Broadcast Programming

Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive

Theses and Dissertations

1964-05-01

An Analysis of Relationships Between Religious Broadcast Programming Objectives and Methods of Presentation Used by Selected Major Religious Program Producers, as Compared with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Val E. Limburg Brigham Young University - Provo

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BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Limburg, Val E., "An Analysis of Relationships Between Religious Broadcast Programming Objectives and Methods of Presentation Used by Selected Major Religious Program Producers, as Compared with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints" (1964). Theses and Dissertations. 4878. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4878

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. I1 ANALYSIS relationships BETBST EENEN ELIGIOUSRELIGIOUS BROADCAST prograyj41ngprogramming objectives ardanoANParp IETHODSMETHODS presentation USED

SELECTED IIAJOR R LIGICUSRLIGICLIS PROGRAM PRODUCERS coiCOMPARED111ared

ITH CHURCH JESUS CHRIST LATTERDAYLATTER DAY SAINTS

thesis presented

department communications brigham young university

partial fulfillment requirements degree master arts

val E limburg

may 1964 acknowledgments

presenting study author wishes acknowledge hie indebtedness church jesus christ latter day saints KSL incorporated individuals representing these organizations mentioned herein newly formed department communications brigham young university dr owen rich drdredue oliver R smith helpful suggestions aidaldmdmid guidance gathering writing study twentyfivetwenty five respondents questionnaire without contribution study impossible finally authors rifetwifetwife whose helpheiphelps support un- derderstandingstanding made completion study possible TABLE CONTESTSCONTENTS

chapter page acknowledgments iii

LIST TABLES 9 e vi LIST FIGURES viii

FOREWORDEWORD & 0 0 aixoixix I1 introduction statement problem 1 hypothesis 9 9 9 9 e 9 3 scope limitation problem 3 importance study 9 9 5 review literature readings 9 definition terms 16 II11 RESEARCH DESIGN purpose form 18 recipients questionnaire 20 limitations survey 21 interviews e 23 correspondence 9 24 iliIII111 RESULTS investigation compilation questionnaire response 26 formation L D broadcasting philosophy 33 results interviews correspondence L D broadcasters 0 0 4 0 0 36 identifiable objectives L D broadcasting 42 methods presentation L D broadcasting 45 general characteristics L D programming 47

IV ANALYSIS FINDINGS interpretation RESULTS scope limitation analysis 52 comparison L D non L D religious programmingprograrprogram luging characteristics 9 53 objective method relationship determined survey 57 producers evaluation programming methods 64 V chapter page

church presentation methods inside outside audience & 69 relationship between programming objectives methods presentation L D broadcasting 79 conclusion & 85

V SUMMARY conclusions statement problem 9 e 9 88 origin importance problem 89 procedure investigation 90 results conclusions 9 92 general conclusion e e 98 suggestions further research study 98 bibliography 102 appendixes questionnaire used study e 106 B religious program producers surveyed 9 9 & 112 C schedule prelude sabbath 115 D condensation unpublished report international educational broadcasting cor- e 9 e 116 porationporation 9 9 9 9 e peate evE programming strategy united Pebpebtepresbyter-ter ian church 9 & 126 LIST TABLES

table page

I1 broadcast media used 27

2 ownership broadcast stations 27 3 number stations carryingcaMing programs 27 4 broadcast time programs 28 5 participation shared programs 28

6 program frequency 9 6 & 28

7 production special programs 29 8 classification programming production personnel e & 9 e 29 9 production facilities used 29

10 production method 0 9 30 11 hethodmethod distribution 30 12 sponsorshippaymentSponsorshipsponsor hiphippaymentPayment air time 30 13 methods presentation used accomplish objective luotuo bring religion non christians those ehoho little do religionreligions those indifferent 9 9 57 14 methods presentation used accomplish objective constantly bring religious ideals audienceaudiences attention & & 58 15150 methods presentation used accomplish objective suppletmentsupplament those attending church regardless faith activity 0 0 59 16 methods presentation used accomplish objective influencing those our church active remain strong active faith 59 viivil table pabpazpage 17 method presentation used accomplish objective missionary proselytingproselytingt influencing christians our church religious faith 60 18 methods presentation used accomplish objective influencing those our church nhoho inactive 9 9 e 9 9 9 61

19 methods presentation used accomplish objective pointed special audience anyone eho0o happens tuned program 61

20 preference methods presentation 0 62

21 preference priaaryprimaryprimacy objectives 0 62 LIST OP FIGURES figures page

1 percentage replies specifying programming objectives 9 31

2 percentage replies specifying methods programming &&& 9 9 9 9 32

3 relationship between programming objectives methods presentation & 9 & 63 FOREWORD

VERILY VOICE LORD UNTO

MNMEN NONE ESCAPE

EYE SHALL SEE NEITHER EAR

SHALL HEAR NEITHER HEARTHMT SHALL penetrated

doctrine covenants 122 CHAPTER I1

introduction

STATEMENT PROBLEM society greatly influenced electronic mediamedla communication 1 application religious programming broadcasting recognized 11 instrumentality cannot ignored institution concerned how n minds wills people being affected 2 although studies found six every ten households watch religious program television listen radio each week 3 estimated percent total broadcasting time devoted religion program types religious programming allotted least amount available air time 4

dlolradioaradiodio 94 52626710 US homes aidmid television 92 51401600 US homes according AC kielsonnielson american searchresearchKe bureau based US census bureau figures sept 1963 radio 94 US homes TV 92 11 broadcasting vol 65 25 dec 16 1963 p 94 y beverett2everetteverett C parker religious televisiontelevisions ihalwhat do how new york harper bros 1961 p ix 3 everett C parker david W barry dallas W smythe television radio audience religion new york harper bros 1955 p 201 fparker4parkerparker religious television p 47 2

information suggest often station licensee does concern himself communicating religion addition minister producer religious programs usually does become involved effective production communication techniques necessary attract hold program audiences dynamic nature communication demands must continually analyzed measured evaluateevaluateddt modified then analyzed again constant cycle effective process never ceases communication between human beings probably dynamic changingandchanging processes obviously broadcasters concerned analyzing audiences researching likes dislikes commercially sponsored programs type research usually considered feasible religious group producer works much different type budget few studies launched religious producers examined study however

religious program producer may well ask himself these questions does religious broadcaster really need subject productions same standard measurement commercial broadcaster ould well religious producer examine various approaches types religious programs terms objectives hichaiichalichabich approaches seem best achieve specific objectives effect relationships between programming approaches 3

objectives nob these used criteria evaluating religious broadcasting these questions present challenge find answers might offer benefits religious broadcaster

hypothesis hypothesis investigated religious broadcasting prograiingproracaaing ucitednitedunite0l katesstatesmatesmaces determined planned relationship between religious programming objectives methods presentation hypothesis proven disproven study major religious program producers US study provide information present trends religious broad- castingcastings comparison relationship these trends among major religious broadcasting organizations US furnished study many activities pro- gramgrammingming methods objectobjectivesivess research attempts within church jesus christ latter day saints profitably compared activities selected major religious organizations churches united states

SCOPE limitation PROBLEM dynamic quality communicationcommunications rapid progress being made field broadcasting demand study area contemporary possible books thertheechee sources few years old deal different problems those religious broadcaster finds himself today thus study must largely confined 4

limited amount current data available research fact study current trends religious broadcasting reduce risk involved dealing dynamics communication realized exact audience measurement nonexistentnon existent know precisely effectiveness given program difficult impossible religious broadcasting field many abstract areas defy study probably never accurately determined study attempt discover patterns commonality production trends approaches returned questionnaires interviews study intended pay particular attention relationship between programming objectives methods pre- sentationsentation information gathered questionnaires closely analyzed available examination within scope study achieve gigantic task closely analyzing phases religious broadcasting hilehiie desirous major religious program producers represented study did respond questionnaire sent them others recognized receipt questionnaire felt accurately reflect activities religious broadcasting nevertheless 81 religious producers surveyed responded should pointed study accurate information offered questionnaires 5 interviews correspondence these limitations may confined study slightly I1 feel much valuable information contained herein otherwise project discontinued long ago

importance TRE STUDY

reviewing few books references available subject I1 found little systematic research areas religious broadcasting research done fields pro- gramminggramming methods contemporary trends religious broadcasting found restricted inadequate outdateddated little wonder then utilization communication research found infrequent does mean imply efforts religious broadcasting per se great deal money effort expended phase broadcasting however seems very possible futile program creator sure programming direction result religious broadcaster may may aware danger everett parker frequent contributer research religious broadcasting I1 wrote concerning audiences religious programs chatchalchacchad format content religious program appear delimit sharply audience program attract 1125 indicates despite religious broad

iseesee bibliography end thesis 2 fparker2parkerparker religious television p 49 6 caster vague idea audience what interest lietleitetteuteI1 insists religious presentations produced much same manner regular church services interest church oriented audience audience religious producer usually least desirous influencing parker concludes use television successfully must give pro- fessionalfess ional consideration needs dimensions audiences readiness absorb religious message parker others experienced analyzing religious programming comes implication definite need guide lines used planning religious pro- gramminggramming determining values various types religious broadcasting whether religious producer realizes existence importance these guide lines determined certain extent study need discover whether these guide lines overlooked clear method discovery approached along lines relationships between programming objectives methods pre- sentationsentation far I1 able determine contemporary study similar realms commercial broadcasting objective method relationship demonstrated being important recent study commercial television program types audience

libidbibidbid 7 composition factors thayerthayerltheyerl relates many findings advertiser unlike religious producer involved element persuasion influencing audience way programming objective both advertiser religious producer want capture much possible audience includes prime prospects product idea extreme obvious example automobile sales- man gain little sponsoring childrens proprogramgrame less obvious parallel illustradonillustrationrelated religious broadcasting might religious broadcaster gain little producing program pauls letters phil- osophically analyzed audience unoriented christian doctrine study then attempt discover whether religious producer US actually doing less obvious scale what aids might in- creasing program effectiveness importance studies analyzing religious program audiences indicated response questionnaire used study respondent stated results compilation survey put excellent advantage placing material disposal national religious broadcasters organization research along these lines very scarce research completed extremely

ijohnjohn R thayer relationship various audience composition factors television programming types journal broadcasting vol illlilliiiliIII111 iw10 3 sunnerSusunnermernaner 1963 appp 217225217 225 8 valuable I11 study similar church jesus christ latter day saints recognized important several years aiding LOL D church evaluating adjusting purposes religious broadcasting advised con- clusionsclusions recommendations unpublished thesis written

1948 entitled religious broadcasting L D mormon church radio program planners church natur- ally certain purposes wish accomplish through radio broadcasting study should conducted determine what types programs satisfactory aiding church realize these avowed purposes 2

author v olsey then goes point organization broadcast programming L D church set analyze total program offerings see achieve purposes produced study designed examine audience objectives programming methods give church program planners picture present broadcasting enable them intelligently plan future programs role study seen partial fulfillment need

lletteraletterlecterletter eugene R bertermann chairman commission press radio television lutheran church missouri synod july 1 1963 3 2hebergheberheberhebec G olsey religious broadcasting L D mormon church unpublished 11astersmasters thesis northwestern university 1948 9

revlrevieREVI literature ADIHGSREADINGSrr none studies found religious broadcasting concerned themselves two phases religious broadcasting scholars researched area realized impossibility simultaneously examining two phases detailed empirical study finished 1955 farkerparker barry smythe entitled television radio audience religion analyzes new haven audiences exposure reaction religious broadcasting comprehensive studyscudy sponsored national council churches

christ uhm UUSASA admittedly beginningbeginnings considering importance radio television assumed american social cultural scene surprising now start made describing place religious broadcaftingbroadcasting american life analyzing effect new haven study mentions signs religious broadcasters then 1955 beginning give religious broadcasting serious consideration merits conclusions drawn done eye toward policy formation churches ultimate improvement religious programming air 2 authors make great deal statistical comparisons commercial programs religious programs conclude

parkerpcrker barry smythe television radio audience p xi 21bidbid 10

strategy religious broadcasting suggests specific relationships between church leaders broadcasting neunew haven study discussed chapter IV thesis regards specific contribution study

authors new haven study 7 verett C barkerparker recently contributed study explaining program production planning entitled religious television what do hod work followed idea presented earlier study religious radio broadcastingbroadcasting2broadcastings2

religious television 1what do how describes potentialities importance mass communication audiences program types planning becomes very real sense do yourself handbook religious leaders must start producing little prior knowledge broadcasting parker urges religious broadcaster realize potentiality tools using ethical them constant research evaluation become acquainted audiences expresses purpose writing book help new generation religious broadcasters pre- pare produce sensitive imaginative programs make

ordivordaivord god explicit millions persons need

lPpackerlparkerfparkerarkerackerparker religious television 0 beverett2everetteverett C parker elinor inninuinmaniantan ross synder religious radio nhat do how new york harper bros 1947 11 hunger may through televisiontelevisions longing fulfilled 1119111 books further specific contribution study discussed later thesis another work completed cooperation national council churches john W bachman entitled church world radiotelevisionRadio Television 2 book first gives short history ethics broadcasting united states then goes develop main theme around presentation problems faced anyone involved religious broadcasting bachman admittedly does attempt answer problems questions presents chapter concerns itself plea church intends use broadcasting carefully formulate work- able plan again few solutions suggested mostly advice seek solutions concluding work probably best date bibliographies ethics broadcasting religious broadcasting offered study area bibliography illustrates fact readings area generalized essays few thorough examinations recent study many respects parallels thesis done john R thayer entitled relationship

lPlparkerfparker arkerackerparkerparkez religious television 0 0 0 9 POp xioxi ajo2jo2johnhn W bachman church world radio television llewliewnew york association press 1960

thathaycrThaythayer ercr relationshiRelationrelationshipshishl various audience 12 various audience composition factors television program types previously mentioned article thayer discusses importance knowing precise differences exist audiences

programs attract audiences study done 9 however derrasterrastermsdermas commercial broadcaster advertiser even- so contains elements value religious broadcaster categories contingent religious broadcasting thayer stresses necessity finding parallels between type vehicle 11 message various segments audiences although dealing specifically religious broadcasting per se study made long ago wilbur schrenSchranschrammsn en 25 titled responsibility mass communication offers valuable information concerning ethics conduct control radio television well mass media schramm discusses roles broadcaster audienaudienceaudiencescescep governmentgoveragoverx ent writing responsibilities schrammsschrammeSchram workswockswork sponsored national council Churchchurchesesp takes consideration development structure social effects mass communication found work excellent bibliographies works studies area studies becoming specific area

lthayerlTalthayerhayerthayer relationship various audience 11 5 2wilburjwilburwilburwlibur schramm responsibility mass communication new yorkyorki harper bros 1957 13

1 cover writingforwritingoor religious marketmacket edited roland E wolseley contributions seventeen authors excellent example book focuses writing religious market discusses areas contingent writingwritings religious novel drama poetry publicity magazine articles radio television advice given religious program writers further discussed chapter IV terms applicability programming methods end work found excellent bibliography topics just mentioned recognized review literature readings religious broadcasting many unpublished theses dissertations studies similar except oriented different churches religious denominations written complete comprehensive lists found periodically bibliographies compiled journal broadcastinbroadcastingBroadcastin 2 knowledgementAcacknowledgement already made thesis written

1948 heber G wolsey entitled religious broadcasting

113 L D mormon churchchurch113 study offered many co- ntributing ideas value thesis although many ideas examined therein changed during fifteen

aroland1rolandroland E wolseley edeedsed citinggluingwriting religious market new york association press 1956 2toato9 date six lists appearing journal broadcasting seesec bibliography relevant theses dissertations conclusions thesis 0 3wolseywwolseywolsey religious broadcasting 11 14 years since writing mention should made comprehensive compilation

information regarding L D broadcasting programming entitled outline history broadcasting church jesus christ latter day saints 192219631922 1963 ll11111 study covers L D activity broadcasting each year since 1922 work done graduate religion project brigham young university during recent months variety program schedules logs study explains detail each L D ograinprprogram mentioned thesis plus many others mentioned my study lack significant value subject matter due recentness comprehensivecomprehensivenessnesst empirical design

study nature L D church I1 recommend paper those desire further information along line periodicals pertaining specifically religious broadcasting per sessepse rare christian broadcaster mentioned material I1 found publication encouraged meeting world association christ ian broadcastingbroadcasting2broadcastings2 currently sponsored broadcasting

lrobertarobertrobert W donigan outline history broadcasting church jesus christ latter day saints 19221963192219221963111963196311 unpublished term paper dept history philosophy religion brigham young university 1964 athe2the world association christian broadcasting met nairobi kenya may 6 1963 seventy six delegates twentyfivetwenty five nations six continents adopted constitution calling 11 working fellowship churches organizations 15

film commission national council churches new york

I1 search 1963 ulrichs periodicals DirectoDirectorydirectory1Ex failed recognizerecognise existence christian broadcaster probably broadcasters newness directory record religious broadcasting magazine being published time world bibliography selected periodicals broadcasting mentions christian broadcaster english language n religious broadcasting magazine 2 occasionally however journals periodicals carry articles related phase religious broadcasting examples may include christian century wherein description christian broadcaster found improvement era church news deseret news telegram both periodicals carried information concerning L D churchschurche activities broadcasting literature mentioned contributed way study general information regarding agencies persons concerned uses radio television proclaim christian gospel relevance whole life delegation encouraged idea publication quarterly called christian broadcaster everett C parker world christian broadcasting christian century vol 80 22 may 29 1963 appp 724725724 725 leileenaeileeneileenelleenelieen C graves edsedved ulrichs periodicals directory tenth edition new york RR bawker 1963e1963 23 kenneth harwood world bibliography selected periodicals broadcasting journal broadcasting vol V 3 summer 1961 appp 251278251 278 16 programming activities problems religious broadcasting others specific studies contingent obviously sources information relevant religious broadcasting tapped many basic sources categorized here readers benefitbenefits however

definition TERMS sake clarity attempt establish universal meaning terms used study following definitions offered religious producer religious broadcaster may church theological seminary denomination production center represents several churches 1 program creator completely independent single christian church rather christian faith whole term implies individual group individuals engaged activity religious producer may may own broadcasting stations recording facilities may may distirbute own programs

Programprogrammingmina objectives purpose releasing religious program broadcasting station objectives usually considered terms listeningviewinglistening viewing audiences examples programming objectives missionary prosel etingyting influencing practicing christians influencing non christians etc

isuchhsuch production center protestant radio television center atlanta ga produces five protestant churches united states 17

methods presentation types program production terms style format script ie dramatization musiatmusictmusic addresslectureaddress lecture biblical scripturescriptures etc objective method relationship relationship between programming objectobjectivesivestivess determined religious producer methods presentation used reach those objectives

L D church la church jesus christ latter day saints commonly known momonmormonmogon church belief book mormon divine scripture elder used study elder title given male bearer melchizedek priesthood L D church CHAPTER II11

RESEARCH DESIGN

PURPOSE FORM primary source information questionnaires sent religious program producers data thesethose surveys interviews literature focused primarily relationship between methods presentation programming objectives information relationship reflected questionnaire contain brief responses difficult questions concerning relationship placed toward questionnaire preceded sim- pler basic questions current production trends 1 these first questions probed areas church ownership broadcasting stations number stations carrying particular religious programs produced respondent broadcast time frequency special productions production personnel facilities recording distribution sponsorship these established order gain meaningful in- sight present religious progprogrammingranasing activities factors influencing strategy religious programming part concerned itself objective methodmedhod relationship first inquired objectives

iseesee appendix complete questionnaire sent 19 progranningprogramming seven objectives thought ccommonoiloiioli among religious broadcasters author listed then beside each question three columns labeled primary objective secondary objective objective re- spondentspondent then check three categories each objective ample space left seventh objective comment otheraotherx primary objectives our pro- gramminggramming although did allow three classifications each additional objective mentioned should obvious respondent list primary objectives listing uncommon objectives secondary objective objective improbable next questionnaire listed eight types methods

programming 0 o 0 best suited particular objectives listed previous question these eight types same kinds categories designated them valuable less valuable valuable space left question respondents list programming methods following significant question inquiry reason why examinee respondent considered methods marked valuable best objectives marked primary objectives required write comment found difficult obtain respondents valuable contributions made however gathering ideas why religious broadcasters used methods pre- sentationsentation did types objectives mind 20 these contributions examined chapters iliIII111 IV

recipients TH questionnaire sources used compile list producers religious programs 1963 broadcasting yearbook 11 local radio stations regional television stations cases respondents give referrals others field whom considered important individuals surveyed field religious broadcasting survey covered major organizations active religious broadcasting eighty four percent respondents programs heard two hundred stations

although seven ten largest christian churcheschurched Vlftaftyetyeev- ttee united states represented 2 survey limited churches alone substitutions term church made survey replaced terms commission eva- ngelisticge listic association radio ministry religious order simply organization questionnaire meant survey religious program producers discover objectives rather attempt determine specific churchschurche activities pro- gramminggramming questionnaires sent thirty religious program producers twentyfivetwenty five returned list respondents

112programiti112 program producers Distridistributorsdistributersbuters production services 1963 broadcasting yearbook washingtonwashingtont dctactDC broadcasting pu- licatiblicationsons 1963 appp D 8 through D 24 2accordingaccording church population statistics found world almanac book facts 1963 new york new york world telegram 1963 p 705 21 those whom questionnaires sent did respond

found appendix B respondents expressed interest having compilation results questionnaire sent them

limitations SURVEY questionnaires returned part satisfactorily filled term broadcasting meant include both radio television throughout survey respondent active both either media respondent used respondent however expressed confusion point usually respondents reflected general policies cover- ing programming done organization larger producers however reflected activities specific program several produced complex nature indicating several various activities objectives methods questionnaire provided may factor influencing respondents reflect policies program evidently accurate respondent use questionnaire each program produced religious producer however random sampling various producers brigham young university radio TV center local radio stations using questionnaire did reveal instances where program produced several objectives designated primary several 22 methods presentations indicated valuable difficult determine objective linked method two instances completely clear objectives listed policy programming methods used general programs produced respondents furnished answers questions supplied supplementary information many instances part question marked indicating correct description organizations activities required multiple answer thus answers do total loosioos1009loo100 twentyfivetwenty five subjective supplementary information helpful opinions many questions necessary complete scope study order examine attitude basis philosophy various religious programming information however difficult classify returned questionnaires revealed categories methods presentation mutually exclusive each complete accuracy should contained combination categories music talks respondent used combination music addresslectureaddress lecture methods indicate each category else note special comments meant method combination music talks effectaffect inaccuracy results discussed chapters liiIII111 IV examining results questionnaires survey did seek information regarding producers 23 subscription knowledge audience research datatdabatdatadaca few indications possesionpossessionpos sesion current data returned questionnaires respondents however mentioned knowledge area desire data specifically related religious programming measurement although these flaws design questionnaire may hindered effective communication between surveyersurveyor respondent did weaken analyses drawn study especially ones concerning relationship between programmingprogramning objectives methods presentation

interviews geographic availability officials producers concerned broadcasting L D church I1 conducted interviews june 28 1963 july 11 1963 salt lake city interviewed officials church jesus christ latter day saints KSL incorporated subsiderarysubside rary churchcherchichurchi elder gordon B hinckley member quorum

twelve L D church former executive secretary church radio publicity mission literature Committecommitteeep i director KSL paul evans director special programs L D church dean bennett director promotion

KSL earl J glade vice president KSL founder radio station KSL former mayor salt lake city doD lennox

ithe L D church radio publicity mission literature committee former policy determinate religious programming 24 murdoch vice president assistant president KSL ron todd production supervisor special programs

L D church clergy church leaders representing churches

L 1D church interviewed officials policymakingpolicy making level regarding religious broadcasting religious producers available salt lake city should noted church jesus christ latter day saints headquarters center broadcasting activity salt lake city true church basic questions outlined advance concerning

interviewees personal idea L D churchschurche objectives religious broadcasting opinion effective method presentation meet objective ideas

suggestions concerning future trends L DU churchy activities religious broadcasting information obtained interviews including opinions attitude discussed under these specific categories chapters lilliiIII111 IV

correspondence difficulty involved contacting in- dividividualsduals policy forming positions letters inquiry containing brief questions sent these officials primarily letters contained inquiries programming

objectives L D church methods presentation thought best reach those objectives 25

responding elder sterling W sill assistant quorum twelve writer host sterling W sill program heard weekly 350 radio stations us1usa elder richard L evans quorum twelve L D church writer host longest sustained coast coast radio program music spoken 0 riordalordvlord ll11 features mormon tabernacle choir 2

lpersonalpersonal interview earl J glade vice president KSL july 11 1963 21bidbid CHAPTER liiIII111

RESULTS investigation

chapter deal essential data information obtained previously introduced question- nairenairep9 interviews 9 correspondence comments analysis information dealt chapter ivpIVimp following data designdesigns presented without commentary

compilation questionnaire RESPONSE compilation survey major religious program producers united states contains response twenty- five religious broadcasters categories response eliminated cases where several re- spondentsspondents indicated specific concept included questionnaire special category created thecompilationecompilation organization compilation follows pattern questionnaire compiled question categories within question compilation appears here tabular form without commentary analysis tables 1 through 12 purposely abbreviated title form close integration body material chapter tables figures do include L D 3 church L D programming examined separately chapter compared

results non L D programming chapter IV 27

first figure indicates number respondents second shows percentage total respondents

TABLE 1

BROADCAST MEDIA USED

AM radio commercialcn lercialhercial 22 881881 AM radio educational 9 36

FM radio commercial 21 84 FM radio educational 12 48

1 television commercialc ercialerceal 19 a7676 1 TV educational 11 44

TABLE 2

OWNERSHIP BROADCAST STATIONS

AHAM radio stations 6 24 owning total 9 stations FM radio stations 4 16 owning total 7 stations TV stations I1 4 owning total 1 station see table 9pap9 production facilities used

TABLE 3

NUMBER STATIONS CARRYING PROGRAMS

595 9 stations 1 4 409940 99 stations 2 8 101910 19 stations 1 4 200 stations 21 84

lfercentagespercentages do total 100 many respondents specified category within each question tables I11 through 12 28

TABLE 4

BROADCAST TIME PROGRAMS

sunday directed those church 9 36 sundaysundays church times II11 44

saturday e 7 28 during week mornings 9 9 9 4 16316167167. afternoons 9 2 8 evenings 3 12712 late evening 9 9 2 8 jurisdiction broadcast time 16 64 regular time 3 12

TABLE 5

participation SHARED PROGRAMS participate 12 48 dondonldong t participate 11 44 participate sometimes 2 8

TABLE 6

PROGRAM FREQUENCY

radio television daily least five times week 9 36 0 weekly 18 72 14 56 monthly 1 4 1 4

semiannualsemi annual 0 3 12 regular frequency 0 3 12 29

TABLE 7

production SPECIAL PROGRAMS

christmas time 17 68 sometimes christmas time 7 28 easter time 16 64 sometimes easter time 6 24 ocher special church events holidays 9 36 includes special themes regular programs

TABLK 8

classification programming production PERSONNEL professional actors 12 48 professional production staff 15 60 professional clergy 17 68 individuals permanently assigned organization special department handles acting andor production work full time profession paid 9 0 0 0 e 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 9 12 48 individuals temporarily assigned paid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 36 individuals temporarily assigned voluntary workers paid 9 9 9 9 9 e 9 e 6 24 prominent church authorities recognized position church organization 13 52

TABLE 9

production facilities USED private facilities owned our organization 17 68

station owned our organization e 9 & 2 8 provided free station owned our organization 2 8 rented station owned our organization 2 8 production outfit temporarily hired organization 9 36 30

TABLE 10

production METHOD

produced film then distributed 9 9 & 9 16 64 recorded tapedisctape disc then distributed 24 96 broadcast live 9 6 24

TABLE 11

METHOD distribution distribute own productions 2020.20 80 distribute own productions plus productions 2 8 produce do distribute 9 9 5 20

TABLE 12

sponsorshippaymentsfonsorshippaymentSPONSORSHIP PAYMENT AIR TIME offered station public service 21 84 sponsors found stations 0 0 1 4 sponsorsponsors found organization 1 4 donations listeners 4 16 organization pays own timelimecimedime sense own sponsor & 0 & & & 9 9 & 6 24

complexity questions concerning pro- gramminggramming objectives methods presentation best presented

form graphic figures figures 1 2 figure 1 percentage OP REPLIES specifying programming objectives PerpercentagecentaRe

70 68 60 52 52 50 48 40 40 36 36 30 28 28 28 24 24 20 20 16 16 10 12 n 8 kak7 8Q 8 1 n 0 0 n RI 00 nJL missionary missionary influencing influencing tuppiezuppiezuppiementsupclementplementmentmenc lortorfoc io natantlynstantlyluonstantiy joinpointedteanednea non christian active inactive thosetho se bring relig christians members members attalcaclattendingending ious ideals special nonreligiousnon religious churchchurchach au diencesdiendlendiengesaudiencesces audience attentionattention N R each category doesdoes total 100 percent t respondentrespondents did reply each category primary secondarydarysecon respondent 474 objective objectiveobjecobject tive objective figure 2 percentage REPLIES specifying IJETHODSMETHODS presentation PerpercentagecentaRe

60 52 50 44 40 36 32 32 32 30 32 32 32 32 28 28 24 20 x 20 20 20 20 axqx 12 X 16 M 16 10 vl Y 4 H M 4 H 4 Q 1 1 0 M wl r leiieltzi171 0 0 N irsirv v alinliJ dramatizedramatiza address documentary religious phil biblical bibficalbiblicalbib icalficalficai religious tion lecture music stories stories & scripture conf & comment rallies N each category does total 100 percent M respondents did reply each category respondent 4 ostosc lessLess aluablevaluable Valuablevaluable valuable 33

FORMATION L D broadcasting philosophy order identify broadcasting philosophy policies radio television programming L D church necessary briefly review important historical aspects programming since first use radio made church

elder gordon B Hincklehinckleyyp general authority closely related broadcasting L D church describes how church participated pioneering inception radio broadcasting united scalesstatesslatestscates may 6 1922 restored gospel first pro- claimed air improvised studio roof deseret news building salt lake city president heber J grant read 76th section doctrine covenants joseph smiths powerful test- imony reality divinity savior president presented message world president george albert smith prominent members church participated same program occasion dedication kanjkznjKZH first full time licensed commercial station between mis- sissippi pacific coast KZN authorized use 500 watts power soon increased 1000 church radio closely tied KSL successor pioneer KZN since 1932 giant west operated 50000 watts power twentyfivetwenty five clear channel stations nationnation1nations 1 station broadcasts same wave length sundown enabling signal heard great distancedistance2distances 2 two years dedication kanjkznjKZN broadcasting

ithereethere presently july 1963 twelve clear channel stations unitedstatesunited states don C woodward KSL11ksl files bid FCC watt hike experiment deseret news telegram csaltcoalt lake city utah july 15 1963 p B 9

gozdon2gordonggordongordon B hinckley twentyfivetwenty five years radio ministry deseret news salt lake city utah hithebithe church news section april 2626p 1947 p 4 34

churchschurcheschurch& semiannualsemi annual general conferences began opening session conference october 3 1924 president grant ther head L D church said exercises today throughout conference broadcasted estimated neighborhood million people able hear said provided listening during conference sessions radio marvelousraarmaarvelous inventions man knows anything voice carried thousands miles seensseems almost beyond comprehension 1 thus seen even 1924 radio coverage limited lack technical advancement compari lively few number radio receivers broadcasting thought L D church authorities imortimost marvelous invention tremendous potentialpotentials late 1920s19201sq tabernacle choir Broadcastbroadcastsst eventually became known music spoken word 11 first aired national broadcasting companascompanysCompanys network station KSL NBC outlet since made change CBS along radio station 2 Churchchurchschurchtschurchyts activities broadcasting during early days radio program emerged successful known today longest sustained coast coast program radioradloredloradio3radios success tabernacle choir broadcasts

ithelaheathe1the church moves improvement era vol 66 6 june 1963 p 438

oisey2wolseywwolseyolsey religious broadcasting poP 12 3qlade3glade personal interview 35

labeled religious programs public service features produced cooperation CBS radio network undoubtedly great influence determining churchschurche attitude toward various methods presentation especially musicivusicimusic spoken word method another program whose history may determined church policy regarding another programming method dramatization fullness times series thirty nine half hour programs dramatizing L D church history found activity field drama radio television released 1945 several years distributed among missions church proselyting use nonfictionalnon fictional nature series carefully doc- umented written

although L D church active dramatization field ussuse pageantry motion pictures L D members ha further religious radio television dramatization since effort fullness 2 limestimes2Timestimeso2timeson

historically first use television L D pro- gramminggramming made first year TV available salt lake city area KSLTVKSL TV started televising semi- annual general conference church october 1949 twentyfivetwenty five years parent organization began broad

iwolseywwolseywolsey religious broadcasting 11 pep 13

2personalpersonal interview gordon B hinckley quorum twelve church jesus christ latter day saints june 28 1963 36

casting conferences radio 1960 KSLTVKSL TV began offering televised sessions conference CBS affiliates april 1963 156 television thirty radio stations carried semiannualsemi annual conference estimated april 1963 conference available ninety million viewers homes 1 presently several religious programming

efforts being done L D church roots do extend back formation programming objectives methods presentation do husicmusiclq4usic spoken word programs conference broadcasts interviews correspondence church broadcast authorities indicate present programming activities important part churchschurche general philosophphilosophyyp attitude policies these policies now discussed pro- gramgrams include programming objectiveobjectivessp methods presentation each program repetition those programs already mentioned may necessary importance contemporary activities

RESULTS interviews correspondence eithhith L D broadcasters

comprehensive view L D churchschurche broadcasting presented thesis study L D gramingprogrammingpro specifically compared religious programming whole extensive interviews reveal various opinions attitudes

improvement era vol 66 6 37 concerning history policy present activity L D church broadcasting impromptu nature interviewing various backgrounds positions interviewees led different contributions supplementary information each conference broadcasts briefly reviewing history traditional conference broadcastbroadcastsst interesting note policies objectives particular program

each year these broadcasts become genuine public service proved special blessing sick aged mothers loungyoung children others confined homes addition fulfilling role being public service those unable attend conference person purpose broadcasting full proceedings tell gospel story especially during sunday morning broadcasts 2 carefully designed non members conference broadcasts constitute regular use

television programming L D church church officials expressed feelings use television church yet fully realized although presently limited expense involved TV production church leaders broadcasters recognizerrecognized television po tertialtential tool significant use future 3

lhinckleyhinckley twentyfivetwenty five years 11 p5pa 2glade5glade personal interview 3hinckley3 hinckley personal interview 38

method presentation used conference broadcasts obviously broadcasting addresses deliv- ered L D authorities music sung choir congregationandcongregation terms survey used study then method presentation addresslectureaddress lecture plus religious music tabernacle choir broadcasts these programs twentyfivetwenty five minutes length consist music famed 375 voice mormon tabernacle choir four minute talks religious denominationalnondenominationalnon nature entitled spoken word given elder richard L evans quorum twelve L D church recently these broad-

1 casts telecast locally trial basis KSLTVKSL TV objectives value these programs reflected

following evaluations made L D broadcasters doubtful choral group enjoys wider fame does salt lake tabernacle choir reason sunday broadcasts program KSLCBSKSL CBS feature church proselyting effort value dispelling prejudice teaching truth song percept beyond calculation columbia broadcasting system tudesude music spoken word artistic treat available entire nationsnation those responsible seen program meets highest broadcasting standards 2 programs success largely due excel- lence evans meticulous presentation careful preparation special precautions taken insure program just religious presentation might unwelcome stations audience programs discreet thera co- mplaints them madsmadamade friends

11bidbid I1 2giade9glade personal interview 39

church normally listen religious programs music spoken word given L D church cultural prestrioprespresteiegetrietrioge programs primarily cultural1cultural 1

aside being heard coast coast CBS radio network music spoken word broadcast throughout world armed forces network voice america

commercial short wave station WRUL size audience either potential actualactuals difficult estimaestimateestimatestestep 2t composition audience 9 church air broadcasts these radio programs various churches religious denominations share take turns each week table 5 page 28 study re- fers type program church air changed little since 1948 reported

four times each year L D church participates columbia church air columbaicolumbaeColumbai broadcasting system makes time available representatives major faiths stipulation material presented controversialnoncontroversialnon L D church usually originates these programs connection annual conference april semi- annual conference october during christmas season summer months response these programs varied three thousand reprints talks sent response radio listeners requests department radio publicity mission literature committee does keep detailed record reprints handled however3however 3 similar program aired another network NBCsKBCs faith

igladev1 glade personal interview 2personalpersonal interview paul evans director special programs L D church june 28 1963

ff 3wolseywwolseywolsey religious broadcasting 0 ppo 13130 40

action series sterling W sill program 350 stations carry thirty minute sterling W sill program relatively new program existed four years like

1111usicmusic1111usic spoken word program consists format music talks case sill program little music talks elder sill dominant feature program 1

these programs pointed non L D christians better average intelligence elder sill forceful speaker talks doctrine powerful appeal intellect program unlike tabernacle choir program obviously pro mormon deliberately expounds mormon doctrinedoctrine2doctrines 2 series broadcast sustaining time thus helping station fulfill obligation religious programming religious news fifteen minute news program informing

L D members happenings news within church heard weekly KSL radio found chat catholic news letter program successful format L D church adopted needs 3

sunday evening temple square 11 program organ music vocal solos talks usually general authority L D church 4

lpersonalpersonal interview dean bennett director promotion KSL july 11 1963 2gladeglade Ferspersonalperspecsonalonai interview abennett3bennettbennett personal interview 41bidbid 41

dr alexander schriner recital organ recital program played tabernacle organist dr alexander schriner heard each thursday evening KSL radio 1 prelude sabbath recent kinds religious broadcasting aired L D church prelude

sabbath five hour broadcast L D conference addresses old usicmusic spoken word programs pre recorded regular programs featured KSL radio between hours I11 am 6 amaraamaamm sunday morning responses program come far away isles south pacific alaska canada parts europe 2 typical schedule prelude sabbath june 30 1963 provided during interview paul evans director special programs L D church schedule found appendix C thesis programs sunday evening radio hour featured series talks L D general authority period several weeks found significant part L D broadcasting time aired longer broadcast considered part current L D broadcasting activities noted however sunday evening radio hour probably predecessor sterling W sill program programs used L D church negligible

11bidbid 2aulapaul2paul evans personal interview 42 programming broadcasting indirectly correlated L D church done brigham young university church owned university considered study

identifiable objectives L D RELIGIOUS broadcasting

programming policy L D church programming objectives methods presentation included preceding program descriptions order clearly examine relationship L D programming objectives those religious producers L D objectives categorized same classifications found questionnaire comparison L D programming religious producers found chapter IV objective bring religion non christians those hfcveheeve little do kellkeilRelireligionblonBion those indifferent objective appears valued primary objective

L D programming L D producers feel main accomplishments proprogramgramt music spoken ordword

forming favorable image L D church eyes those previously having little do indifferent religion often conference broadcasts geared type audience programs less dependent upon concept objectiveobjectivesobjective11 host programs seem missionary objective another audience segment explained following objective

lgladeglade personal interview 43

objectiveObject ivet missionary proselyting influencing christians our church religious faith apparently even primary objective L D programming previous objective missionary objective church methods used methods familiar church oriented person addresslectureaddresslecturesaddress lecturelectures biblical scripturescriptures etc programming demonstrates producers assume audience already familiar language method presentation thus audience christians our church assumption evident programs sterling W sill program broadcasting here compared L D proselyting efforts mainly geared christians I1 although difficult categorize L D programming objectives type missionary proselytproselyte ing purpose just attemptattemptedadsedsady use religious programming missionary tool isilsiiss generalgenerals important urgent pressing nature L D church feels

message illustrated letter sterling W sill writes delivers program representing L D thinking each sundaysunday evening lowell thomas once telling great amount money people spend united states get messages sent across major radio networks somebody asked thomas what greatest message conceive being broadcast people world thomas said greatest

lbennettbennett personal interview 44

message conceive god again spoken people upon earth course message church god spoken again came person did come person caused message written down three great volumes new scripturescripturesscripturesgsg giving complete direction how 0ourur livesilvesolives might meet maximum accomplishments course message value unless somebody understands obligation church carry people world spoken word best ways bring 1

objectiveObject ivet influencing those our church active remain strong active faith specific pro grams religious news presentation prelude sabbath major portions conference broadcasts designed objective mind these same programs

meant L D members categorized under objective influencing those our church inactive objective surpl6mentsupplement those hotholnol attending church regardless faith activity quotation page 37 study referring public service characteristic conference broadcasts being special blessing those confined homes indicates often primary objective especially conference broadcasts objective constantly bringreligiousbringbeing religious ideals audiences attention likely secondary objective

many L D programs weekly daily schedule programs programs before

iletteraletterietterlelder sterling Ww sill assistant quorum twelve L D church july 17 1963 45 public daily religious reminder presentations

non L D religious producers howeverHowevers con- sissistencytency weekly L D programs may considered long- term method constantly bringing religious ideals tothetbthecothe aud- ienceslences attention pointed special audience anyone isloho happens

tuned program L D programming sometimes appears specifically constructed special segment audience objective may considered secondary

L D broadcasting philosophy conference broadcasts partly designed anyone happens tuned program 1 hoped may chance influence someone did purposely intend tune conference program generally speaking little objectives identified questionnaire apparently conference broadcasts attempt compound objective includes nearly those objectives mentioned above

METHODS presentation L D programming accomplish objectives described treatment each specific program objectives identified above

method presentation found frequently L D programs speaker music situation combination 11 address11address lecture religious nusicmusicmusice combination category fall conference broadcasts music spoken word sterling 1 4.4 sill program church air program prelude Sabbatsabbathht sunday evening temple square expected expense budget program 46 largely determines method presentation L D producer indicated speaker music format used simplicity comparitivelycomparatively low production cost yet effective quality 1

L D broadcasters indicated methods necessary order attract well rounded audience good music great inspirer ideals a- bitmbitionsions little drama human interest very helpful what kind how much course problem mere words veryimportantveryimportant themselves need right kind interesting friendfriendlylyp motivating spirit accompaniment good music things very helpfulhelpful22 choice dramasdramadrame musicmusics talk each place combination times 3 dramatizations those once used fullness times series described earlier now explained ineffective radio too expensive television 4 indicated first presidency L D church conscious power mass communication interest catching characteristics methods like dramatization learned drama under serious consideration future use decisions regarding wider use television now making yet disclosed 5

hinckleylhinckley personal interview lillii2sillill letter july 17 1963 aletter3letterletter richard L evans council twelve L D church july 17 1963 4hinckleyhinckley personal interview

5personalpersonal interview D lennox murdoch vice president KSL july 11 1963 47

closer look use nonusenon use various methods

presentation compared non L D religious program producers discussed chapter IV

GENERAL characteristics L D GRAMINGprogrammingPRO

few dominantideasdominant ideas appearing repeatidlyrepeatedlyrepeatidly L D programming objectives form pattern general characteristics these characteristics include creating favorable image church discretiondiscretions availability church owned radio TV station emergence new apparently carefully formulated policies activities international educational broadcasting corporation church creating favorable image host programs mentioned objective winning favor non membersmembersl even tabernacle choir broadcasts classified no- nreligious programs helped give L D church prestige greatly helped proselyting missionaries approach those familiar program 2 uther image creating programs newly formed presently being created church discussed later chapter

discretion underlying L D programming characteristic discretion within programs currently being broadcast part within those

114hen referring nonmembernon member context I1 mean individual member L D church whether christian faith 9 2gladeglade personal interview 4648 ever broadcast found characteristic nothing represents L D church broadcasting shabbily done always high degree dignity 1 quite apparent previously cited interviews quotes especespee illy those pertaining tabernacle choir broadcasts

host music spoken ordword program richard

L evans long active broadcasting broadcasting activities L D church phase churchschurche broadcasting policy churchechurchs objectives broadcasting same areas activity deserve respect earn confidence people present them important mes sage earth common ground understanding through cultural artistic intellectual spiritual worthy meansmeans2 role station KSL station KSL salt lake city utah played major role religious broadcasting

L D church noted previous descriptions

L D programs few exceptions L D programs produced originate radio television facilities station KSL

integrated role KSL L D church appropriate mention future plans ideas directors KSL regarded

religious producers L D church

KSL incorporated formerly radio service corporation

lhinckleythinckley personal interview richardbichard L evans letter july 17 1963 49

utah owners KSL radio KSLFMKSL FM KSLTVKSL TV recently filed request federal communications commission

boost wattage KSL radio 50000 5000005009000 watts broadcasting power experimental basis approved power increase mean improved daytime service throughout much utah nev- ada idaho wyomingUyoming colorado nighttime KSL heard us9USussusa great portion mexico western canada well many areas pacific 25 million residents con- tintinentalental US rely clear channel stations night time radio service population lives nearly 50 per cent land area united Statesstates11 unique situation location KSLs transmitters already make station powerful commercial AM licensed radio stations united states extra boost power explained come hard alkaline salt flats near great salt lake where transmitters located fourteen miles west salt lake city terrain apparently gives signal extra hard bounce at- mospheremo sphere emits transmitter thinthik reason why KSL probably heard further away AM sta- y tion continental united states 2 implication accessibility use station KSL

L D church hathandledidled chapter IV together

discussion L D ownership stations

iwoodwardwoodward deseret news teieTeletelegramgrm july 15 1963 0 apaul2paulpaul evans personal interview 50

station RULWRUL international educational broadcasting corporation important steps taken L D church broadcasting purchase october 1962 international broadcasting facilities short wave radio station neulheulNRULWRUL church hopes gain international prestige 1 necessarily through religious broadcasting station serving interests country free world general1beneralgeneralgenerald 1 present importance being placed phase

broadcastingbroadcastings role LOSL D broadcasters feelfelegi WRUL future detailed report station WRULIAIRUL corporation formed manage station international educational broadcasting corporation bebcoiebcoIEBC included thesis appendix doD information unpublished report IEBC although vital study comprehensive detailed extent information considered best handled appendage implications IEBC policies relationship between programming objectives methods presentation new corporation discussed analyzed next chapter obvious however policies objectives previously discussed chapter discretion favorable image missionary tool hold true WRUL programming tying general L D programming objectives

1 ab1b 1 bidid 51

WRULIEBCWRUL IEBC goals attracting international audience building prestige church foreign nations contribut- ing proselyting efforts church insure fullutilizationfullfuli utilization objective being

missionary aid L DU missionaries leave mission fields indoctrinated concerning facilities WRUL statistacistationsohs availibilityavailability many worlds short wave receivers program schedules found

page appendix D sent mission field aid missionary attempts portray favorable 9 image church minds investigators 2 these schedules found weekly church news section salt lake city deseret news telegram

L D church programs broadcast station URULWRUL termed hissionmissionaryary aids image builders objectives considered two major policiestpol iciest tra- ditditionalional yet ever present ever growing new programming activities

11bidbid 21bidbid CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS FINDINGS interpretation RESULTS

SCOPE limitations ANALYSIS within scope thesis analyze current trends found returned questionnaires information provided questionnaires available analysis first part chapter liiIII111 study hoped information value anyone examining these areas religious broadcasting whether professional research purposes chapter IV first cover comparison non L D religious programming L D programming characteristics second phase concerned objective method re- lationlationshipship among non L D producers producersproducers11 ealuationvaluationey&luati&n programming methods neatonextonext objective method relationship found religious programming studies surveys reviewed these findings then ba compared current trends objective method relationship both non L D L D programming chapter then ends conclusion related hypothesis stated chapter I1 53

comparison L D AM NONLNON L D RELIGIOUS programming craracteristicscharacteristics

station ownership few non L D organizations actually own broadcasting stations table 2 although 68 own kind recording facilities studios designed producing programs distribution stations tables 9 10 indicating religious producers concerned production distribution broadcasting per se

contrastcontrasts L D church owns partly owns four commercial television stations KSL salt lake city KID idaho falls idaho KBOI boisekboiseoboise idaho KIRO seattle washington four commercial AM radio stations KSL KID xboivKBOI kirejkirojKIRO three FM radio stations KSLFMKSL FM programming du- plicated KSLAMKSLYSL alsadsAM KIROFMKIRO FM KBYUFMKBYU FM provo utah indirectly owned through brigham young university church owned university international shortshortwavewave station TRRULUL see description appendix D applied license edu- cationalcat ional television station KBYUTVKBYU TV indirectly controlled through briihambrinhambrighaxn young university 1 station coverage producers surveyed indicated programs heard 200 stations

true L D programs broadcast time apparently religious producers little jurisdiction broadcast time table 4 probably

119631963 broadcasting Yearyearbookbooks p 1521152 paul evans personal interview 54 due fact programs presented station public serservicevieg 84 time table 12 addition audienceaudiences need religious programming however small may another very likely value programs station may greatly influenced code national association broadcasters code recommends airing religious public service programs religious producer thus best sources kind program many programs found broadcast sunday either during church church times same picture presented L D church usually sunday either during during church little jurisdiction broadcast time joint participation half respondents indicated participate program where various churches religious organizations participate shared rotating manner L D church participates manner program described earlier chapter iliIII111 program regularity frequently indicated regularity

programming non L D producers weekly both radio

television although L D church produces several wadkwedkweeklyly radio programs 9 efforts being made television programming semiannualsemi annual conferences church local telecaststelecasts tusicmusic spoken word plus ir- regular specials telecastingTelecasting regarded L D 55 producers potential media yet put fullest use church L D uses television yet discussed chapter recorded versus live broadcasts like 96 respon-

D dents 9 L church records many programs like 24 broadcasts live distribution following pattern 80 program producers L D church distributes own productions payment f r air time station broadcasting religious program offers air time public service according 84

respondents L D church well missionary aid category often indicated primary objective producers being missionary

non christians nonreligiousnon religious L D church indicated objective addition listed objective

influencing christians evidently L D churches main objective general missionary audience whereas

non L D producers specified missionary objectives terms non christian nonreligiousnon religious audiences while objective influencing christians indicated

primary goal L D church received negative indications obJectobjecdveobjectivellobjectivelyivell non L D producers did calegorycategory use combinations methods presentation many religious producers opinion largest audience reached programming something everyone 56 music addresslectureaddress lecture biblical scripture

likewise L D programming uses combination methods many religious producers both L D non L D believe audience listen subtle soft sell type denominationalnondenominationalnon program example successful use combination presentation methods music spoken word program 1 despite apparent success traditional program doubtful strategy something everyone works effectively cases research cited later chapter indicates person going tune program receive favorite part either audience wants listen watch religious program do tune however simple combination music addresslectureaddressandaddresslecturelecture may exception idea purpose thesis carefully examine relationship between programming objectives methods presentation relationship referred objective method relationship analysis relationship returned questionnaires follows

iallailalthoughlAlthoughalthough exact measurement audience programs effectiveness popularity combination singing tabernacle choir spoken word richard L evans seems evident music spoken v ordtordrord longest sustained network presentation radio program apparently many friends members in- terestedte non members even outsiders otherwise faded memory radio friends early 1930s19301s glade Ferspersonalpersonalonai interview 57

OBJECTIVE METHOD relationship determined SURVEY careful study returned questionnaires made determine relationships between indicated objectives indicated methods presentation what those relationships nextnextp questionnaires examined find patterns commonality con cerningberning relationship each objective now presented tables terms methods presentation indicated objective

TABLE 13

METHODS presentation USED accomplish OBJECTIVE

BRING RELIGION NON christians THOSE

LITTLE DO RELIGION THOSE indifferent respondents specifying objective primary e 68 17 respondents method PercentpercentageMe number 1 dramatization & 44 11 documentary & 6 9 9 & 9 36 9

8 addresslectureAddress Lecture & 0 32 religious music & 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 4 biblical stories commentary 9 9 9 9 16 4

ithe first column figures indicates percentage twentyfivetwenty five respondents second column shows actual number respondents indicating method best method total may exceed percentage number respondents listing objective primary listed top each table many respondents indicated onemost valuable method presentationresentationresensationresenregentation objective thosechesechose figures do includeincluxle L D church 58

TABLE 13 continued

respondents method percentage number philosophical talks stories 12 3 biblical scripture commentary 8 2 conferences rallies 9 4 1

TABLE 14

METHODS presentation USED accomplish OBJECTIVE co-

nstantly BRING RELIGIOUS IDEALS AUDIENCES ATTENTION

respondents specifying objective primary 40 10 respondents method percentage number dramatization 0 0 0 20 5 biblical stories 0 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 addresslectureAddress Lecture 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 4 religious music 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 16 4 philosophical stories 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 12 3 documentary 9 & e 0 0 9 9 8 2 biblical scripture 0 0 0 9 4 1 conferences rallies 9 & e 0 0 0 0 59

TABLE 15

METHODS presentation USED accomplish OBJECTIVE supplement

THOSE ATTENDING CHURCH regardless FAITH ACTIVITY respondents specifying objective priaprimarypriniarylary 28 7 respondents method percentage number dramatization 16 4 religious music 0 16 4 biblical stories 0 16 4 documentary 12 3 addresslectureAddress Lecture 0 8 2 philosophical stories 4 1 I1 others 0 0

TABLE 16

METHODS presentation USED accomplish OBJECTIVE

influencing THOSE OUR CHURCH ACTIVE RE-

MAIN STRONG ACTIVE FAITH respondents specifying objective primary 24 6 respondents method percentage number addresslectureAddress Lecture 0 24 6 dramatization e 12 3 religious music 0 12 3 60

TABLE 16continued16 Continued respondents methods percentage number biblical stories 121 3 documentary e e e 9 8 2 philosophical stories 9 & 8 2 biblical scripture 0 & 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 conferences rallies e 0 9 4 1

TABLE 17

HETHODMETHOD presentation USED accomplish OBJECTIVE missionary proselyting influencing christ-

ians OUR CHURCH RELIGIOUS FAITH respondents specifying objective primary 16716 4 respondents method percentage number addresslectureAddress Lecture 0 12 3 dramatization e 8 2 religious music e 0 8 2 philosophical stories 8 2 documentary & e 9 4 1 biblical stories 4 1 biblical scripture 4 1 conferences rallies 4 1 61

TABLETAB LE 18

METHODS presentation USED accomplish OBJECTIVE

influencing THOSE OUR CHURCH INACTIVE respondents specifying objectiveobjedtive

primary 0 0 0 ID 0 0 16 4 respondents method percentage number addresslectureAddress Lecture 16 4 religious music 0 12 3 dramatization 8 2 documentary 8 2 biblical stories 0 8 2 philosophical stories 8 2 biblical scripture 0 4 1 I1 conferences rallies 0 0

TABLE 19

METHODS presentation USED accomplish OBJECTIVE POINTED

SPECIAL AUDIENCE ANYONE WO HAPPENS TUNED PROGRAM respondents specifying objective primary 8 2 respondents method percentage number religious music & 8 2 dramatization 4 1 documentary e 4 1 I1 62

TABLE 19 continued respondents method percentage number biblical scripture 9 4 1 others 0 0

TABLE 20

preference METHODS presentation

dramatization 20720.7 documentary 12612.6 addresslectureAddress Lecture 20020.0 philosophical stories 89 religious music 16316.3 biblical scripture 525.2 biblical stories 14114.1 conferences rallies 222.2

TOTAL 100 notenoue table shows percentage indications respondents best method presentation

TABLE 21

preference PRIMARY objectives

missionary non christian nonreligiousnon religious & 28928.92809 constantly bring religious ideals audiences attnanttn 17817.8 influencing active members 156 supplement those attending church 130313 3 influencing inactive members iliill1111191 missionary christians 96 pointed special audience 37 TOTAL 100 note table shows percentage indications respondents primary objectives figure 3 iulationshipRELATION SHIP 3etjeenabt3bt EEN GRAMINGprogramingprograiiiiingprogrammingPRO objectives METHODS presentation

0 U 1 1 3 1 h 1 oica flj C 0 v w0 cc 33 3 01 3 u c w i y r 1 u uw u u 143 U 3 E U rar4 H rl4 r 0 0 00 4 1 1 11 U JS F 4 aj4j 3 rlr jl 14r U rlr l hP ulU l r W aj4j ca3 J 0 u u i 0 iii 4I 0 0.0 0.0 0 1i r- i v y n 0 0 0 0 0 J 414 1 H 41 rjr 0 0 M0 primary QM t t aa pi v sa 01 33Q y objective c N tt ul 0

1 missionary xx xXXXX x x XX XX x x X oaleo0leIX r 0piscianririsciani stiansclanscian

2 inissionary XXXX hxaxXXXx iiissionnry XXX XX XX X L 1 P c1ca i XXX XXX XX 0 crit istiaiistiania xxxi xx XXX XX XX nonreligiouskonnon religious XXX XX

3 XXX luencingluancinginfinfluencinglueniuencing XX XXX XX XXX x X 11 1 axxxxxjaaAAA active neneineli i ibers XXX

4 XX influencing xx XX XXX XX x XX x inactive members I1

5 anent supplementsupplamentSuppsupplelamentinent xx XX XX XX XXX x those attending xx XX XX church

6 constantly axxxxxyyy XX XX XXX bring religious xx XX XXX x ideals audiences XX XX XX attention

7 pointed x XX special X x audience

X indicates response specified questionnaire 64

should evident correlation programming objectives methods presentation derived survey relationship cannot absolutely generalized direct theories indicating method presentation used objective however fact exists relationship relationship simply overlooked religious producers today verified chapter

careful evaluation programming methods using comcorncormcomm ments opinions religious producers responding write questions survey seems appropriate point order thoroughly analyze both methods programming objectives

PRODUCERS evaluation programming METHODS dramatization indication value dramatization method presentation achieving nearly objectives eight methods presentation dram- tizaatizationtion appears frequently best method attain- ing producers objective matter what objective particularly favored objective missionary non christian nonreligiousnon religious frequently indicated objective fact dramatization best objectives often indicated cooanentsc antsents questionnaire dramatization allows vicarious participation realism rev bob R way director dept tvradiofilms american lutheran church 65

drama type program proven religious nonreligiousnon religious TV producers effective attracting keeping audience ernest N wendth director station relations faith todaytodey sermons move intellect emotion drama moves mind heart since gospel effects both good drama contrived honest perceptive bestbeat method communicating christian gospel charles C hushaw executive directordirectors commission press radio & TV lutheran church america

dramatization 11 holds listeners attention meets favorable station acceptance kormanorma E fischer adainadmin aistasstass1t nat council protestant episcopalEpisepiscopolcopol church

dramatization 11 simply given us best results date col john grace salvation army many people radio television must among things entertaining hold audience good drama both entertaining yet carry great message likewise documentary real people dr harry C spencer general secretary televisiontelevisions radio & film commission nat council churches USA use dramatization drew negative commentscommentsx used what I1 seenaseemsseemaseen central theme hidden make message very little value message obscured entertainment either lost presented insipid manner TW willingham nazarineNaxnazarine radio league many religious broadcasters assume radio television solely entertainment medium fake premise often reason why religious programs turned pious soap operas rev william K schwienher SJ production director sacred heart program 66

still respondents although indicating dramatization valuable method felt certain elements drama com- bined elements methmechmethodsodso advantageadvantageousdusgus things drama best documentary com- municatesmuni cates greater sense realism role playing play interrupted panel though during re hersal stcetcenc combine both elements franklin mack executive director broadcasting film commission national council churches TV utilize both dramatic sermon approach found parable method appealing wider spectrum range EB reR walde secretary general conference seventh day adventistsadvent istsests first I1 attempt broad definition objective religious broadcastbroadcastingsingi make jesus christ known throughout world using language thought forms culture means getting back center market place where people do must look sharply kind broadcasts created name religion them form ineffectual formats carryover service church sanctuary form people reject 55 active church members present average sunday morning service means 45 active church members fringe members active ones rejecting something yet many times attempt broadcast almost half active church members do respond tolcoldol menuhenaen you list question 14 objective biblical stories commentary I1 do think tired presentation biblebibiebib ie story presented historical reference something happened thousands years ago I1 think programs price tomatoes dick powell show seen millions program purepucepurespuzes un- adulterated story good samaritan told contemporary terms frederick L essex director radio TV dept american baptist convention fetifeel dramatization addresslectureaddress lecture carry strong evangelistic message framework 67

strong presentation eugene R berterman executive secretary lutheran television productions lutheran church missouri synod dramatization documentary used us used staff talent additional equipment available reidraid W4 stroud producer radio ministry asbury theological seminary combinations methods flexibility using combinations elements methods presentation frequently indicated very advantageous nine years air find reach people program sense var-var iety program element predominates find great many people like listen good speaker interesting brief hence insist short talks interspersed finest music obtain father fidelis rice CP director hour crucified radio program combination addresslectureaddress lecture religious music biblical stories ccommentaryentarycentary basic reid W stroudstrouds producer radio ministry asbury theological seminary use these methods programming specific purposes various times each used valuable purpose valuable way broadcasting many valuable ways including many suggested here questionnaire bluford B hestir executive secretary TV radio audiovisualsaudio visuals presbyterian church US documentary religious music centers approach christ reality work lives men women whom know af1f myron F boyd director light life hour free methodist church north america 68

rhe love christ taught music non boring talks short prayers father fidelisfidelia rice CP director hour crucified radio program our overall format variesvaulesvariest 1 drama 2 music 3 interviews interesting religious personalities 4 enactmentreenactmentre familiar bible stories ernest N wendth director station relations faith todaytodays music frequent mention music opinions concerning use combinations methods music indicated method appropriate objectives see figure 3 response questionnaires indicated music good winning favor those listen kinds religious programs music felt less direct less offensive probably less stereo- typed picture formed audience vigorously proselyting missionary methods presentation presentation familiar music well donesdone direct specific devotional message based upon scrip- tural truttruthtruthhastruthbastruubasbesheshhas proven our best method intro- ducing basic tenets asbury seminary reidraidkaldkeld W stroud producer radio ministry asbury theological seminary 1usicdusicbusicmusic arrtactsarrtactap good music touches heart TW willingham executive director nazarine radio league methods drew negative response philosophical stories talks these gems wisdom waste time rev bob reR wayways director dept tvradiofilms american lutheran church 69

insufficient opportunity straightstraightforwardforward presentation message dewitt john committees publications first church christ scientist nonchurchnon church group produce theachendhenthem myron F boydboyds director light life hour free methodist church north america do reflect our position reid W stroudstroudsstrouda producer radio ministry asbury theological seminary biblical scripture least likely hold audience dr harry C spencer general secretary television radioradloradlov & film commission scripture hardly self interpreting donald D landon radio minister reorganized church jesus christ latter day saints religious conferences rallies little audience interest stations interested bluford B hestir executive secretary TV radio audiovisualsaudio visuals presbyterian church US conferences limited interest mass audiences donald D landon radio minister reorganized church jesus christ latter day saints our programs designed devotional nature miss mary reR coffman director upper room radio TV parish

INCHURCHCHURCH presentation METHODS INSIDE OUTSIDE AUDIENCE results survey versus past research ware very strong opinions regarding whether addresslectureaddress lecture type presentation used program directed 70 sideraideralder nonreligiousnon religious non christian audience generally agreed method satisfactory member church oriented audience inside audience direct method referred previous research church methods less appeal non re ligiouslegious individual according thinking

people church 9 except reasons sickness emergency likely tune church service church talk understood unchurched people you cant talk insider outsider same time same way charles C hushaw executive director commissionc- ission press radio TV lutheran church kaericaemericahmerica sermons designed primarily worship service church situation much audience identification them ft rev bob R way director dept tvradiofilms american lutheran church according thinking church methodmethodssp primarily addresslectureaddressaddresslectureglecture biblical scripture biblical c-commentaryentary suited non christian no- nreligious audienceaudiences gods word well presented powerful mans word philosophy god chose foolishness preaching save man I1 cor 1211 t 21 T W willingham executive director nazarine radio league addresslectureAddress Lecture efficient way delivering message people always listen good speaker rev william K Schwienschwisnherschwienherschwienhershersherg SJsSJ production director sacred heart program sermon carrying direct relevance exper- iences daily life remains fine instrument 71

religious motivation donald doD landon radio minister reorganized church jesus christ latter day saints addresslectureAddress Lecture method 11 lendslands itself reasoning listener keeping discussion sharp focus dewitt john manager committees publication first schurch christ scientist addresslectureaddress lecture method felt suitable nonreligiousnon religious non christian audience substantiated responses questionnaire general religious pro gram producers indicated objectiveobjectiveaobjectivesobjectivea missionarymissionaryx non christian nonreligiousnon religious those specified addresslectureaddress lecture method see table 13 figure 3 question now appears do producers really feel bestbeslbeat method accomplish objective method simply allaroundaround favorite regardless objective words conclude religious producer realizes uses relationship between objective method answers these questions may obvious material received questionnaire however should safe assume those organizations done research carefully considered difference between outside inside audiences hive authoritative opinion those simply indicated what think best coursescourse I1 realize perhaps qualified say what absolutely best policy organization except producer himself experience knowing 72 whether hlahiahib programming acceptable both audience organization management however producer should realize absence empirical data objective planning actually thinking terms audience needs wants may insurmountable obstacle achieving effective pro- gramminggramming being entirely objective isnt always easy like subjective characteristic human mind parker work religious television difficultdifficultyyi danger watch using persuasion error mistaking yoursubjectiveyour subjective convictions persuasive arguments prone select materials nd arguments significant us assuming what move us move audience necessarily soesoo important think objectively adapting ones approach audience me- ntal attitudes prevalent experience mood audience determine what material techniques logical emotional best serve particular group1groupgroupe point I1 feel advantageous cite contributions concerning religious programming audiences how reached influenced following studies selected apparent objectivity empirical design study referred chapter I1 television radio audience religion conducted new haven parker barry smythe found matter what intended audiences network religious programs might these audiences

lPpackerlparkerfparkerarkerackerparker religious television p 16 73

almost without exception church oriented background religious training church atten- dance 111

new haven study surveys audiences seem confirm what commercial broadcasters come accept cardinal rule industry principle self selection idea theorized joseph hlklappertKlappppererterx every product mass media 1 attracts audience already prefers particular type material 2 fails attract significant number persons wither contrarecontrcontrary inclination hitherto uninterestedcontrariariarl parker studying problem further religious television what do how concluded religious broadcasters err failing take account predilection programs selfselectiveself selective audiences format content religious program appear delimit sharply audience program attract should possible community predict accurately kind audience bo attracted particular religious program whose characteristics known3known searching research done within realm relating programming objectives methods presentation little contemporary material found beyond above mentioned studies except place programming strat

iparkerfparkerparker et al television radio audience e pep 2070207 0 ajoseph2josephjoseph T klapper effects mass media new york bureau applied social research columbia university 1949 p 17 fparker3parker parkerparkez religious television 9 p pap&p 49049 74 egy united presbyterian church studies united presbyterian church returned religious programming questionnaire united pres- byterianterian church submitted consideration two short research papers strategy paper 1 toward reaching intended audience strategy paper 2 toward defining role radio television mission church learned organization spends considerable time money research program effectiveness should program prove ineffective reaching objectives immediately bunkedjunked matter how much money effort put program attitude commendable two strategy papers contain extensive examination objective method relationship fact information relationship available source extensive information research appears empirical objective these studies condensed according information relevant relationship inserted appendage thesis 1 detailed nature considered best appendage part body thesis itself although I1 do advocate acceptance concepts policies united presbyterian church religious broadcasters nevertheless appears

iseesee appendix E 75 strategies research data good illustrations activities objectives religious broadcaster strive

generally these activities classified 1 analyzation relationship between programming objectives methods presentation 2 exploration utilization methods special appeal outsider enter- tainlaincaintainmentmentmenu dramatization etc 3 exploration probability commercialc nercialhercial public service sponsorship religious programs 4 utilization research audience measurement 5 constant evaluationreevaluationre programming 6 policy forming based upon careful research 7 unlimited use imagination

research united presbyterian church new haven study findings parker klapper indicate definitely relationship between programming objectives methods presentation used drawing guidelines effective programming strategy religious program writer added these opinions policies research data religious broadcasting point view writer religious programs specifically instructors writers book writing religious market 1 potential religious writers instructed characteristics radio television audiences how religious materials

lwolseleywolseley writing religious market 76 mustst handled these two media

henry B adamsiadamkiadams radio radioradloredlobadio mass entertainment medium even religious radio must entertainment spiritual overtones may depth many church services reach many church touch2toucha adams points severe scarcity good religious dramatic scripts radio 3Q another author book charles H schmitz discusses importance writers familiarity audience program writingwritings eveneventhoughthough audience may changing audience wants understand effortlessly dislikes programming makes him strain meaning schmitz then lists writing characteristics should found religious scripts point view religious program writer important consideration religious writer must familiar kind audience whom writing producer writers script should consciously aware scripts intended audience adams schmitz both suggest may great

lhenryahenryhenry B adams founder president church broadcasting associates assistant professor speech broadcasting san francisco theological seminary member presbyterial national department radio TV wolseleyololseleyseley p 226

chariescharles H schmitz director broadcast training broadcasting film commission national council churches author windows toward god broadcasting religion religious television ideas former chairman radio television committee american baptist convention 77 potential religious dramatization method presentation used mostly readily available interesting appealing entertaining nature methods dramatization implied superior elements associated addresslectureaddress lecture method viewers dislike statisticstatisticssp theological jargon new words regional words phrases 111 conclusion advice religious writers might very well betbei people generally like entertained disliked being preached educated via commercial radio television best kind religious presentation creates receptivity religious broadcasting using carefully written produced programs subtle spiritual overtones accomplished religious broadcasting use imagination part both writers producers confining programming methods tra- ditditionalional church situation addresslectureaddress lecture objective method relationship behavioral sciences research opinions suggestions cited stress importance using subtlety using entertainment methods religious overtones using caution church methods directed nonreligiousnon religious audience

f part leon Festfestingeringers theory cognitive dissonancedissonancesdissonance22

wolseleyolseleyol seley p 234 aleon2leonleon festinger theory cognitive dissonance new yorkyorktyonkt row peterson 1957 78 suggests underlying principle here although related specifically either broadcasting religion part theory seems basic process communication states persuasive communication effective communicatee unaware being persuaded 1 obviously basic principles theories behavior closely related communication applied study however explore realms possibility within scope study conclusions regarding uses objective method relation ship number studies opinions cited indicates existence objective method relationship relationship gives evidence guide lines between religious programingprogramming objectives methods presentation utilized forming programs designed influence specific audience survey used study indicates religious program producers do nocnoc effectively use guide line objective method relationship aaywhy relationship utilized difficult determine nonusenon use accurately identified edaewa1tereetereCTP easiest done examining specific religious producers policies activities religious programming chosen examined terms objective method relationsrelationshipbiphip church

ifor discussion experiments conducted phase festingersFest ingers theory see jane allyn leon festinger effectiveness unanticipated persuasive communications jour nal abnormal social psychology vol 62 1961 p 35 79 jesus christ latter day saints whose religious broadcasting activities already explored compared religious programming producers

conclusions drawn limitationslimitationspreventingpreventing L D programming fully utilizing objective method relationship however roostmoost cases attempt study generalize apply reasons L D nonusenon use relationship religious programming

relationship BETWEEN programming objectives

METHODS presentation L D broadcasting nature variety supplenentarysupplomentarysupplementary information gleaned

interviews correspondence L D authorities those concerned religious broadcasting indicated lack obvious pattern identifiable policy concerning religious broadcasting L D church religious program producers

L D church much like those religious producing organizations L D paid little attention objective method relationship research cited chapter indicates programs pointed outsider religiously unoriented person

effective church methods used L D programingprogramming like religious proprogramminggraming does comply concept studiesStustudiesidiesidiesl indicate

iseesee previous discussions chapter parker new havenraven study klapper adams schmitz united presbyterian church 80

effective programming outsider objective method relationship profitably used

major L D programs music spoken word conference broadcasts sterling sill program et al use primarily church methods presentation while

same time having major objectives missionary proselyting outside audience here just stated seems discrepencydiscrepancy effectively relating programming objectives methods presentation contrast programming newly formed international educational broadcasting corporation shortshortwavewave radio station mulAULWRUL recently purchased L D church these activities show concern use objective method relationship difficult however identify relationship time experimental transi- tory growing dynamic characteristic IEBC WRUL pro- brabramgrrgragramminggramminsminginsing before attempting examine objective method rela- tiontionshipship IEBCWRULIEBC WRUL programming study attempt identify reasons why difficulty establish- ing relationship major traditional L D programming

L D programming limitations advantages 1 success programming music spoken word appears attitude complacency cant done better part many L D producers satisfaction success programming 81

welliurrantedllvarallvar ranted hardly excuse lack exploration utilization areas programming 2 hapyhanymalymapy areas programming either untried unsupported L D church example use dramatization although religious producerproducersproducersisi strongly protest use drama religious programming religious producers feel dramatization best method presentation especially reaching outsider non- member although dramatization used earlier L D church radio golden era since faded used either radio TV recent years although religious dramatizationdramatizationsst bagentspagents film productions produced used great benefit satisfaction L D church

3 although3although L D broadcasters access production facilities station KSLTVKSL TV done compari lively little television production notable exception teletelecastingcasting semiannualsemi annual conferenceconferencesss broadcast 156 various television stations throughout US recent monthsmonths22 high expense cited

reason lack TV production Howehoweververavervveca success few efforts television causing serious consideration

activity TV L D church producers officials 3

iseeseesae page 65

athe2the improvement era vol 66 6 3hinckleyhinckley personal interview 82

4 use both radio television facilities station KSL greatly facilitated religious programming production L D church where religious producers hindered limited access adequate production facilities L D gramingprogrammingpro able take advantage early start b progress station c support church leaders entheusiastic potentialities broadcasting these advantages should allow

L D programming far ahead religious producers did these advantages IEBC evaluationreevaluationre formation new L D 5 broadcasting policies Objectiveobjectivessp methods evaluating information obtained interviews unpublished reports L D owned international educational broadcasting Corporacorporationtiong becomes obvious L D church definitely beginning program particular audience particular segment people audience howeverhowevers classifications nonreligiousnon religious religiousinactivereligious inactive etc rather audience higher social status intelligent

1 those otherwise qualified leadership L D church interested finding converting individuals qualified 0 organize lead branches wardswards2wardsw parts

lpaulpaul evans personal interviewinterviews 0 2aaa branch ward L D church equivalent parish local unit church organization population 200300200 300 members 83

worldwor ad1d thia IEBC programming having clearcutclear cut objective aiming specific audience particularly designed method presentation instance information new york stock exchange broadcast each day spanish bussinessmen latin america 2 prestige programming described appendix D designed attract sophisticated probably intelligent world audience having gained

confidence broadcasting station WRULWRUL audience then may heard few programs subtly designed L D produceproducersrst mormon tabernacle choir music educational programs utah people history institutioninstitutions etc easy

task discuss utah without considering L D influence news activities youth programs etc church amount actual religious programming may exceed five percent total broadcast time equivalent ten hours week even within these ten hours re-

ligious broadcasting includes non L D religious programs sprinkling information considered doctrine IEBC producers believe religious broadcasting too direct unequivocal without subtlety audience soon view broadcasting prop

ithe L D church finds necessary positions church held members volunteer time leadership position assigned them paid clergy L D church paul evans personal interview 5 2seeaseesee appendix D 84 agandistic 1 direct religious programming live broadcasts L D semiannualsemi annual conferences done

clearly identified produced sponsored L D church IEBC powerful shortshortwavewave station WRUL even though both agents church little doubt IEBC moving towards achieving those elements programming described desirable previously cited studies research expert opinion problem now L D church apply these policies ob- jectivesjectives methods broadcasting general possibility application yet seen

conclusions regarding L D programming comparing L D activities international broadcasting activities churches religious producerproducerssp evident religious organization religious producer united states owns facilities does L D church religious programming done however religious producers international broadcasting facilities owned own organization here early use KSL radio L DU church advantage pioneering phase broadcasting well formation broadcasting policies presently being planned done care research knowledge activities strategies religious broadcasting

apaul1paulpaul evans personal interview 85

state rapid change growth L D programming vitally important L D broadcasters take notice value carefully drawing guidelines between programingprogramming objectives methods presentation research study drawn interviews correspondence L D producers surveys material regarding L D broadcasting brings light following information may bearing formation L D broadcasting policy 1 importance placed broadcasting

L D church since radio infancy 2 lack until recently audience analysis designing specific program specific audience 3 lack utilization few basic methods presentation 4 lack full util-

ization television 5 complacency ab-abbatabbctbt present programmingprogrammingl 6 current evaluationreevaluationre formation new broadcasting concepts policies caused recent activity international broadcasting

conclusion stated hypothesis religious broadcasting programming united states determined planned re- lationlationshipship between religious programming objectives methods presentation shown false although analysis studies religious programming showed relationship exists used religious producers survey used inithisithisathis study indicated relationship used religious program planning 86

religious program producers united states according opinions producers surveyed definite patterns indicating specific method best particular progreprogramminging objective these results evident despite fact research indicating definite relationships between objectives methods available religious producers addition pointing fact objective method relationship generally used religious broadcasting survey yielded information concerning many contemporary trends activities religious broadcasting these trends activities then analyzed compared activities broadcasting L D church whether

analysis profitable L D broadcasters determined churchschurche utilization study summary hypothesis incorrect information obtained furnished data considered value religious program producer need research difficult determine why relationship between programming objectives methods presentation neglected religious program producers very likely may lack research information programs audiences thia assumption made seems evident in- terterviewsviews correspondence L D broadcasters among things ia exact measurement knowledge audiences program effectiveness occasional letters 87 listeners praising current efforts religious programming I1 received L D churchchurchy degree L D programming objectives met specificallynospecifically identified evidence indicates without realization audience likes dislikes difficult make effective adjust- ments programming methods presentation may unfortunate organization terms timetimey money effort

lgladeglade personal interview CHAPTER V

SUMMARY conclusions

STATMENTSTATEMENT PROBLEM study effort examine current trends religious broadcasting specifically relate programming objectives methods presentation used reach those objectives survey major religious program producers throughout united states taken order determine these trends objectives methods response represented seven ten largest churches religious organizations united states survey studied terms attempting find patterns guide lines between methods presentation specific objectives lafinfluencingluancingluencingLuencing audiences returned survey supplied information regarding present trends opinions producers responded made possible comparison relationships these trends among churches concerned religious broadcasting these trends objectives methods then compared activities church jesus christ latter day saints interviews correspondence afforded much information 89 concerning L D churchschurche activity religious broadcasting history field current trends ob- jectivesjectives methods believed undertaking study certain relationships between religious programming objectives methods presentation used reach these objectives my hypothesis religious broadcasting programming united states determined planned relationship between religious programming objectives methods presentation survey major religious program producers US used prove disprove hypothesis survey offer information comparisons religious broadcasting activity profitable religious broadcasters general L D broadcasters specifically

ORIGIN importance PROBLEM study related literature readings studies field religious broadcasting reveals definite need guide lines used planning religious programming determining values various types religious broadcasting close examination current trends successes objectives methods presentation theoretically reveal definite guide lines value questionnaire returned survey religious program producers revealed value contribution

placed 11 disposal national religious broadcasters 90 organization research along these lines very scarce research completed extremely valuablevaluablesvaluable11

referring specifically L D church unpublished thesis written 1948 stated conclusions recommendations study aid L D church eval batinguating adjusting purposes very desirable 2 fifteen years since then study done

L D church

PROCEDURE investigation questionnaire questionnaire sent thirty major religious program producers united scalesstatesstatesdscaleg twentyfivetwenty five replied time writing re- spondentsspondents indicated desired compilation results questionnaire first part survey probed areas church ownership broadcasting stations uses stationstationsss number stations carrying particular religious programs produced respondent broadcast time frequency special productions production personnel facilities recording distributiondistributions sponsorship although each these areas examined themselves general activities these areas found

ibertlBertlbertermanberuebertenaanBertenaanerman letter july 1 1963 oisey2wolseywwolseyolsey appp 424942 49 3seeaseesee appendix 91

then compared corresponding activities L D church part survey concerned itself withthe correlation between programming objectives methods pre- sentationsentation seven objectives listed respondent place these objectives three categories primary objective secondary objective objective ample space left questionnaire respondent list primary objectives eightbight types methods presentation then listed these categorized three divisionsdivid ionslons valuable our objectives less valuable valuable here ample space left add additional methods presentation included survey interviews interviews conducted myself june 28 1963 july 11 1963 salt lake city utah interviewed officials church jesus christ latter day saints KSL incorporated basic questions outlined advance concerning interviewees own concept L D churchschurche objectives religious broadcasting opinion effective presentation method meet objective ideas suggestions concerning future trends churchschurche activities religious broadcasting correspondence difficulty involved contacting individuals policy forming positions letters inquiry containing brief questions sent 92 responding general authorities L D church concerned broadcasting activities church

RESULTS conclusions survey findings comparison current programming activities L D church survey revealed few churches actually own broadcasting stations although own several varieties recording facilities L D churchchurchy hand owns partly owns three cconaaercialnercialhercial television stationstationssp three ccommercialercialerceal AM radio stations two FM radio stations mercialmerciaicommercialc educational international shortshortwavewave stationscanlonstations applied license educational television station KBYUTVKBYU TV like educational FM stallonstationstations indirectly controlled through brighamBrigharaharmhamm young Univeruniversitysitye programs found broadcast sundaysundays either during church church times obvious however producers jurisdiction broadcast times same picture presented

L D church usually sundaysundays either during during church does jurisdiction boradcastboradcast times sixty percent respondents indicated participate program where various churches religions participate shared rotating manner L D church participates least program type program indicated described chapter liiIII111 CBS church airairealre ll11 93

frequently indicated regularity programming weekly both radio television although L D church produces several weekly radio programs efforts being made television programming semiannualsemi annual conferences ChurchchurchendchurchtandChurchandchendtendtandsend local telecast music spoken word proprogramprogramsgramsgramp trial basis L D broadcasters obserobservedvedt howeverhowevertevers television potential media yet put fullest use church like 96 respondentrespondentsst L D church records many programs like 24 broadcasts live following pattern 6080 program producers

L D church distributes own productions air time offered stastallonstationtiong public service

84 respondents L D church well category often indicated primary objective producers being missionary non christian

nonreligiousnon religious audiences L D church listed addition listed primary objective influencing christians objective received negative indications objective did category evidently L D churchechurchs main objective general missionary

audience nhewhereaswhereassceass tonnon L D religious producers specified segment audience

meet these objectobjectivesivess L D church indicated special preference religious music addresslectureaddresslecturetaddress lecture combination these two methods producers indicated 94 slight preference dramatization then methods address lecture religious music however nearly methods considered moostroost valuable obvious domination category

L D programs history development policypoua order carefully examine policies programming objectives L D church short history churchschurche activity religious broadcasting presented revealed L D church supported pioneering first licensed radio stations west missippiMis sippi

early L D programming characteristic careful meticulous dignified gramingprogrammingpro formed programs found today much stressed dominant feature

L D broadcasting given much precedence planning andproductionproduction

L D programs function being missionary probably dominant primary objective proselytingproselytingp missionary characteristic found play important role past present programming church missionary approach L D programming appears extensive missionary approaches non L DS programming L D programming attempts appeal intelligent sophisticated individual programs careful presentation meticulous quality

view fact programming L D church attempts reach generally diversified audience missionary efforts became apparent flexibility variety 95

method presentation may needed reach o- jecbjectivetive dramatization found used previously church discontinued fading radio drama

L D church does dramatization kind radio television uses pageantry motion picture became apparent LDS use television far less religious producers experimentation use church newly pur-

chased international shortshortwavewave station WRUL showschowswhows imagination promise utilization methods presentation currently being used church relationship between programming objectives methods presentation careful examination then made between pro- gramminggramming objectives methods presentation among selected major religious program producers U order determine relationship became obvious programming objectives methods presentation cannot absolutely generalized direct theories indicating method presentation must used objective slight preference dramatization best method presentation especially those respondents indicated objective being missionary non christians nonreligiousnon religious objective listed frequently respondent being primary objective however method accepted extent classified preferred best method accomplish 96 objective particular objective several opinions offered religious producers concerning ideas what considered primary o- jecbjectivestives what best methods presentation accomplish those objectives combination methods felt flexible interest general audience music frequently mentioned appealing inoffensive method presenting religious truths each method received harsh criticism producer another indicating method labeled generally approved religious producers preference pro- gramminggramming methods vary much do personalities tastes producers choose certain method accomplish objectives results survey did indicate method presentation best particular objective audience slight indication however church methods used frequently programs directed nonreligiousnon religious non christian audience see figure 3 practice clashes results religious studies surveys indicate outsider audience member religiously oriented little interest religious programs especially those obviously appear churchey manner presentation generally these studies concluded effective religious programming readily achieved religious producer 97 strives following activities programming 1 analyzation relationship between programming objectives methods presentation 2 exploration utilization methods special appeal outsider entertainment dramatization etc programprograms ever hope appeal anyone already religious orientated 3 exploration probability commercial public service sponsorship religious programs 4 utilization research audience measurement 5 constant evaluationreevaluationre programming 6 policy forming based upon careful research 7 unlimited use imagination

much traditional broadcasting activity L D church like religious producers without much research information program effectiveness in- terterviewsviews correspondence L D producers indicated

limitations advantages L D broadcasting limita-

tions 1 complacency arising success past programs 2 lack exploration many methods presentation 3 little use television advantages 1 access L D owned KSL radio TV station 2 early start pioneer station KZN salt lake city 3 support church leaders entilentheusiasticusiasticusiauslastic potentialities broadcasting recent activities international broadcasting caused

those policymakingpolicy making levels L D programming carefully define objectives evaluatereevaluatere methods presentation these efforts proving worthiness apparent effective 98 ness programming L D owned international educational broadcasting corporation

conclusion stated hypothesis religious broadcasting pro- gramminggramming united states determined planned rela- tiontionshipship between religious programming objectives methods presentation shown false although analysis studies religious programming showed relationship exists used religious producers survey used study indicated relationship used religious program planning results survey used showed definite patterns indicating thatanyrhatanychalchac tuyauytry specific method best particular programming objective according opinions producers surveyed these results evident despite fact research indicating objective method relationships available religious producers addition indication objective method relationship established nindamindsminda religious producers survey yielded information concerning many contemporary trends activities religious broadcasting these trends activities then analyzed compared activities broadcasting L D church

suggestions FURTHER RESEARCH STUDY attempt examine small phase re 99 ligiouslegious broadcasting yet much studied especially area program evaluation following suggestions apply religious producers general

1 study makes suggestions regarding consideration programming objectives methods presentation selected religious producer however still great need closer consideration kind audience whom program appeal written produced too often surveys interviews reflected fact progrprogrammingproga ing objectives unclear producers mind how producer effectively reach kind speciedspecked audience objectives clear methods presentation carefully planned

2 great need use imagination religious producer creating programs interest outside nonreligiousnon religious audiences religious programming become effective now must exploration utilization methods special appeal outsider entertainment documentary programs dealing subjects contingent directly religion further development well produced dramatization attempting capture outside audience even possibility commercial public service sponsorship programs suggested studies united presbyterian church 3 empirical surveys research religious program audiences program effectiveness needed what pro 100 gram actually accomplishing often overlooked size audience type audience audience listening habits rarely examined kind consistantconsistentconsi stant current measurement information turn related programs objectives how well programs producer effectively related methods presentation programming objectives surveillance needs constant contin- uous possible never ending process evaluation mo- dification adjustmentadjustments readjustment 4 although study may set suggestions theories relationship between programming objectives methods presentation actual study practical settings now advised these studies then either su- bstantiate disprove conclusions formed studsstudys survey religious program producers cannot doneadonevdone how- evertever until religious program producer realizes must close scrutiny gramingprogrammingpro objectives methods presentation correlation described suggestion

1 above foregoing four suggestions furtherance t nar- rowly limited area study concerns itself means indication yet done religious broadcasting practically phases religious broadcasting needs studied analyzed even though field may abstract evasive changing nature authors hope these studies yet loliol101 undertaken gospel message may well important used broadcast media bibliography

BOOKS bachmanBachaan john W church world radio television new yorktyonkt association press 1960 Festingfestingereraecaerp leon theory cognitive dissonance new yorktyonkt row fetersonpeterson & 1957 graves eileenelleenelieenbileen C ulrichs periodicals DirectodirectoryEX tenth ed new yorkyockyorks reR reR bawker coescoop 1963

Klklapperappers joseph T effects mass media new yorkyorktyonkt bureau applied social research columbia university 1949 parkerparkertpackertpackers everett C religious television what do how newnow york harper & brox9brosbroxy 1961 et al television radio audience religion newnow york harper & brostbrosbrosa 1955 Schrschranaaschrankaschrammanaaaneaanyn wilbur ed mass communications urbana university illinois 1960 process effects mabsmass communication urbanaturbanac university illinois 1954 responsibility mass communication new york harper & brospbrosbrosa 1957 smythesmythes dallas W attitudes toward jheahe frontiers faith conversation piece TV series urbanaturbanac university illinoisfllinois 1956 wolseley roland E ed writing religious market newnawnow yorkyock association press 1956 world almanac book facts 1963 new york newnow york horldvorldvrorld telegramtelegrams 1963 103

B correspondence ahwahmAIM interviews bennett dean interview conducted july 11 1963s1963 salt lake city utah evans paul interview conducted june 28p28 1963 salt lake city utah evansevana richard lo10L letter dated july 17s17 196319639 glade earl Jje interview conducted july 11 1963s1963 salt lake cityolly utah hinckley gordon B interview conducted june 2628 196301963 salt lake city utah murdoch D lennox interview conducted july 11 1963 salt lake cilycity utah sill sterling W letter dated july 17 1963

C ARTICLES periodicals allyn jane feslFestfestingeringers leon effectiveness unanticipated persuasive communications journal abnormal social psychology vol 62 1 appp 354035 40 christian broadcaster broadcasting film amancmancommissionissionsfissions national council churches hewnew york KYNY

church hovesmoves improvement era vol 669ggs66 6 june 1963 p 438

Harwooharwoodhazwooddg kenneth world bibliography selected periodicals broadcasting journal broadcasting vol 5pap5 nobnoe 3 summer 1961 appp 251278251 278 hinckleyHinck leys gordon B twentyfivetwenty five years radio ministry deseret news church section salt lake city utah aarapr 26 1947 parker everett C world christian broadcasting christian century vol 80 22 may 29t29 1963p1963 appp 724725724 725 program producers distributersdistributorsDistributers production services 1963 broadcasting yearbook washington dctactDC broadcasting publications 1963 appp D 8 through D 24 radioradlo 94 US homes TV 92 11 broadcasting vol 65 25 dec 16 1963 p 94 104 thayer john R relationships various audience composition factors television program types journal broadcasting vol 7 3 sumnlersunniersummer 1963 appp 217225217 225 woodward don C KSLIIKSL files bid FCC watt hike experi-exper- imentments deseret news telegram salt lake city utah july 15 1963 p B 9 wrightwrighta charles R TV radio program ratings measure mentasmencas selected annotated bibliography journal broadcasting vol 5 2 springsprings 1961 p 1651861651860165 186

D REPORTS AM unpublished MATERIAL donigan robert W outline history broadcasting church jesus christ latter day saints 1922196319221963.1922192219631119221963.111963111963 unpublished term paper dept history philosophy religion brigham young universityUniverittyristy 196419649 international educational broadcasting corporation unpublished report salt lake city church jesus christ latter day saints 1963 protestant radio television center information pamphlets atlanta georga 1963 toward defining role radio television mission church unpublished strategy paper division radio ad television united presbyterian church united states america toward reaching intended audience unpublished strategy paper division radio television united presbyterian church united states america olseyoiseywolseyNT hebelheber Ggo religious broadcasting LDS mormon church unpublished bastershastersHa sters thesis northwestern university 1948

E bibliographies RELEVANT THESES dissertations cheydleur raymond D goitergolter robert J scharrer joseph R compilers doctoral dissertations radio television 192019571920 1957 journal broadcasting vol 1 4 fall 1957t1957 appp 377383377 383 105 knower franklin 11 ed graduate theses dissertations broadcasting 195619581956 1958 11 journal broadcasting vol 4 1 winter 1959601959 60pgosgop60 appp 778777 87 ed graduate theses dissertations broadcasting 195919601959 1960 journal broadcasting voivol 595 4 fall 1961 appp 355370355 370 edeed graduate theses dissertations broadcasting 196119621961196291961 196291962 11 journal broadcasting vol 7vav7 3 Susummernaner 1963 appp 269282269 282 lee eeE frank edad doctoral dissertations radio television german universities 192019571920 1957 journal broadcasting vol 2 4 fall 1958 appp 369375369 375 edited translated compilation winfried boB lerglargo summersSunsuuacers robert E edoadoed graduate theses dissertations broadcasting 192019561920 1956 journal broadcasting vol 2pap2 I11 wincerwinterWinlerslerpterp 1957581957 58 appp 559055 90 based upon lists raymond cheydleur robert J goitergolter above bibliographies include selected citations similar lists journalism quarterly journal marketing APPENDIX

questionnaire USED STUDY

religious programming questionnaire

radio TV center brigham young university provo utah Instructioninstructionsst please complete questions accurately objectively possible case multiple choice questions 9 answer seems accurate please indicate explain check choice each question applicable use side paper explanations room needed

Ilo101 broadcasting media used our church

AM radio commercial educational FM radio commercial educational television commercial educational international short wave radio explain

2 our organization ornstownst AM radio stations number FM radio stationstationstst number television stalionsstationsstallonsstationsx number facilities explain 107

3 our programs heard approximately 1 station 203920 39 stations 242 4 stations 409940 99 stations 595 9 stations 100199100 199 stations 101910 19 stations 200 stations

4 our programs usually broadcast sundaysundays directed those church sunday church times saturday

during week mornings evenings afternoons late evenings jurisdiction broadcast time regular time explainexplainzexplains

5 do you participate program where various churches religions participate shared rotating manner yes

6 frequency our programs aret radio JTV daily least five times week twostwo threesthreechree four times week weekly bibiweeklyweekly monthly bibimonthlymonthly 108

radio TV

semiannualsemi anduaannualannua 1 annual less often once year regular frequency explaintexplain

7 special programs produced

christmas time yes ko sometimescometsomet ime easter time yes sometimes explain

8 personnel used our programming productions aret professional actors professional production staff professional clergy individuals permanently assigned our church special department handles acting andor production work full time profession paid individuals temporarily assigned paid individuals temporarily assigned voluntary workers paid prominent church authorities recognized position church plaintexplainex

9 ourgur production facilities studios cameras broadcasting equipment etc private facilities owned our church station owned our church provided free station owned our church 109

rented station owned our church production outfit temporarily hired church explain

10 our programs areaarevaceaace produced film then distributed recorded tape then distributed broadcast live otherl

II11 method used distribute productions broadcast media veuleute distribute our own productions distribute our own productions plus productions distribute do produce e produce do distribute

12120 air time paid station public service sponsors found stations sponsors found us donations listeners organization pays own tileptimeptime sensessense own sponsor explain

questions 13 14 answer each part checking three categories 110

13 objectives our programming primary secondary objective objective objective missionary proselyting in- fluenfluencingcing christians our church religious faith bring religion non christ ians those little do religion those indifferent influencing those our church active remain strong active faith influencing those our church inactive suppleventsupplementsuppsuppl&klaventleventlevantentenuanu those attending church regardless faith activity constantly bring religious ideals audiences attention pointed special audience anyone happens tuned program primary objectives our programming

14 types methods presentation think valuable best suited our particular objectives less valuable valuable valuable dramatization use story setting characters addresslectureaddresslecturetAddress lecture speak- ers sermon situation documentary situation showing persons places things actually natural envirnmentenvirnraentenvironment illliilil

less valuable valuable valuable primarily religious music presented our musical groups philosophical gems wisdom shortsshort non biblical stories illustrating good life biblical stories commentary biblical scripture commentary broadcasting religious conferences rallies gatherings etc explain 15 reason feel types programming indicated valuable question 14 best meets primary objectives question 13

16 types programming marked valuable question 14 marked please add additional comments you may questionnaire especially ideas covered brought questionnairequestionnaires you

I1 do do wish compilation results questionnaire sent me

name & title

organization

address

city &6cac state alalrehdixPENDIX BQ

RELIGIOUS PROGRAM PRODUCERS SURVEYED responding american baptist convention frederick L essex director radio TV dept american lutheran church kevrevnev bob R sayway4.4 ay director dept tvradiofilmstvradiofilras asbury theological seminary radio ministry raldraidreidre id W stroud producer assemblies god radio dept uldonwidonwildon colbaugh publicity director billy graham evangelistic assn robert fern coordinator bit heaven hinihinlministrystryscry norman J voth assistant director educational religious radio television assn hissmiss ella F rileeharlleeHa director faith today ernest N wendthohenithhendth director station relations first church christ scientist dewitt john tanagermanager committees publication free methodist church north america myron F boyd director light life hour general conference seventh day 1 dventistsidventistsadventists E R walde secretary radio TV dept hour crucified radio program father fidelis rice CP director lutheran church america charles C hushaw director commission press radio &x TV 113

lutheran church missouri synod eugene R bertermann executive secretary lutheran television productions messiah college david eshelman director broadcasting national council churches broadcasting film commission franklin mack executive director national council protestant episcopal church norma Ego fischer adminadxninadamin abstasstass1 div radio TV AVV nazarine radio league T W linghamRilrillinghamwilwllbillinghamil executive director presbyterian church united states bluford B hestir executive secretary TV radio & AVV reorganized church jesus christ latter day saints donald doD landon radio minister sacred heart program rev Jilliam K schwienher SJ production director salvation army colcoicolocolecoie john grace television radio filmpliapilaplimpilm conaaissioncnmyission drdradre harrynarrynarcy C spencer general Sedresecretarytarycary united presbyterian church USA charles brackbill jr interim executive director division radloradiokadio television

upper roomradio TV farishparish miss mary 11 coffman director church jesus christ latter day saints represented various interviews correspondence noted IIlieilolid11 mot responding questionnaire cathedral films dr james K friedrich iresicesFrespresidentident recognized rectrecent questionnaire did return church roaehomerome radio program response 114 old fashioned revival hour R H alber advertising agency sent reply indicating exclusively religious program producer questionnaire sent thenthem applicable organization

protestant radio 61& television center ernest J Zrnoldarnold president production center five protestant churches sent information concerning organization facilities thought questionnaire appUapplicablecablecabie them

radio & television commission southern baptist convention dr aullauldaul stevens recognized receipt questionnaire did return APPENDIX C

SCHEDULE PRELUDE tiitil SABBATH june 30 1963

105 am tabernacle choir organ spoken word tilitirlnusicmusic1111usichusic1111usic spoken word 2 30 religious news

235 talk given robert L simpson L D april conference nordhordtord wisdom 255235233 religious news 300 invitation learning educational program CBS radio 33253125 religious news 300 CBS radio church airt rev louis Ggo miller lagurielagorie mission home gurielagurielagorieLa missouri 305 religious news 400 musiciwiusic spoken sordhordword 445 science editor educational CBS radio

500 sterling 11 sill program 515 religious news 520 husicusicmusic spoken word APPENDIX D

condensation unpublished REPORT international educational broadcasting corporation

following great increase radio television coverage domestically semiannualsemi annual conferences church jesus christ latter day saints logical attempt conference broadcasts carried throughout world addition close relationship artharch madsen president KSL management shortshortwavewave radio station IRULWRUL made possible important data supplied arch madsen first presidency L D church determined initiate steps become active shortshortwavewave international broadcasting plans drawn establish high powered shortshortwavewave broadcasting complexes florida transmitting europe africeafrichafrices latin america island giampguampguam pacific broadcast Austraaustraliailasliap new zealand Philippianphilippiansst japan countries asia

james B conklingGonconkling formerly president columbia records vice president director columbia broadcasting system asked take direction new church activity starting june 1962 corporation international educational broadcasting 117 corporation formed assist conkling made

L D church members whose key positions U industry reflect importance attached shortshortwavewave activity church board directors consisted issac meM stewart vice president union carbide corporation arch L madsen presidentpresidents KSL howard Jje Stodstoddarddardsdardo chairman board chief executive officer michigan national bank J niiullwillardmil lard harriottharrlHarrimarri ottsotty chairman board president hot shoppes david 11 kennedy chairman board chief executive officer continental illinois national bank trust company chicago lee bickmore president chief executive officer national biscuit company laterlalenlaben two additional directors added frank Ggo angeman executive senior vice president general manager waldorf astoria corporation saul goG haas president general manager queen city broadcasting company complex legal problems involved these activities handled mckay burton salt lake city wilkinson cragun barker washington DC robert W barker latter firmsfirm vice president IEBC together isaac meM stewart radio broadcasting activity domestic international united states must licensed federal comaunicationscoumunicationscommunications commission applications license florida guam installations submitted 118

became apparent might nattermattermauter years before these applications processed certain new complications international broadcasting therefore felt advisable purchase existing station license

available metromediaMetromedia owners RULWRUL

consistently refused sell WRUL others in- teterested upon learning L D interest determined make sale believed high principles

L D church bring international broadcasting

basis therefore purchase WRUL made church october 1962 granted license operate federal communications Ccommissionlissioncission january aj1j1 1963

WRUL oldest continually licensed shortshortwavewave operation united states thirty years scituate massachusetts five very powerful transmitters eleven internationally directed antennas total radiated power approximately 5000000 watts four transmitters each power output equal highest powered domestic transmitters used united states fifth transmitter substantially powerful anything permitted domestic use U every day year many hours broadcast directed areas british isles europe both free communist europe africa mexico11 central america caribbean south america 119

within areas directly beamed top thirty nine foreign mission homes church many foreign domestic mission areas receive program time time under varying conditions two complete staffs station english speaking spanish speaking create sixteen hours programs every day year then broadcast five transmitters thereforefores eighty hours broadcast time transmitted dailydallydaliy fifty six hours english twenty four hours spanish

HRULWRUL unique being privately owned opposed government owned united slatesstatesscates seven transmitters licensed federal communications commission private ownership five these seven belong WRUL rest world essentially privately owned broadcasting r4rulWRUL really truly commercial shortshortwavewave station world station deriving funds directly commercial sponsorship products international world rarely heard radio commercialscun ercialserciaercla ls fas-

cinacinatingting part WRUL programming often cmcommentedantedented listeners addition reminds listener private industry government contributes support station words station does necessarily reflect propaganda role government

V-eulRUL sponsors year beansbeens

chrysler motors champion spark plugs RCA victor pepsi cola herrill lynch pierce fannerfennerfennecfenners smith stock brokers 120 goodyear rubber coecoo american machine foundry pan american publications Alitalia airlines american motors time magazine zenith radio television owens corning glass philco new york times international md several others WRUL operatedlikeoperated like US broadcasting stations under certain rules federal communications commission governing program content international broadcasting FCC rules stipulate international broadcasting service reflect culture country promote international good fillpwillp understanding cooperation licensed radio station may devote excessive amount broadcasting time product ideologies owner exampleexamexemplespiesplep american motors owned radio station devote important segments broadcast time extolling merits mericanamericanti corotsmorots automobiles international broadcasting opinion rendered products ideologies owner may discussed five percent total broadcast time consequently allocating broadcast time grulVIRUL advised news

activities L D church should cover excess five percent broadcast timetinestimes

shetahatsheuwhetwhat kind broadcasting does RULWRUL do remaining ninety five percent time essentially consists programs information public events entertainment sports arts oriented international listening understanding indicative types programs coverage space shots indianapolis speedway races new york yankees 121 baseball games spanishSpani shlshi opening lincoln music center new york international hit parade music broadcasts united nations presidential press conferences important addresses leaders both political parties various programs fanningfarming religion science hobbiesbobbieshobbles activities interest international audience WRUL works close affiliation american broadcasting company carries number news spot broadcasts united states throughout worldworlds working arrangement columbia broadcasting system provides important programming nature

what kind programs broadcast WRULUTRUL relate church jesus christ latter day saints presently two fifteen minute programs english two fifteen minute programs spanish being broadcast each weakweek very shortly english schedule increased five fifteen minute programs week spanish schedule increased somewhat later date nature present programs give international listener missionary foreign member investigator just listener feelingoffeeling international aspect

L D church sacheach program endeavors cover personal situation correlate church activities personalities

salt lake city L D activities personalities various foreign countries programs being considered time include weekly L D news program question answer program regarding mormon doctrine 122 program stressing youth activities available members church plus two three projects currently works regular sunday coast coast broadcast tabernacle choir music spoken word proprogramprogramsgramsgramp carried internationally WRUL

semiannualsemi annual L D conferences carried VRVLWRUL just domestic radio television country these church programs created basically salt lake city under direct supervision paul H evans director divisional operations although english spanish acceptable many listeners

areas JRULURULTJRULT broadcasts distinct need observed portuguese brazil german mid european areas plans underway add staffs both these languages

hoped RULWRUL may little later datesdate able offer certain programs scandinavian languages dutch french

WRUL does these additional languages regular basis then church programs created salt lake city made available additional languages plans underway add additional interesting concepts international programming including international de- bates international contests make church programming useful available foreign missionaries members investigators first presidency approved program equipping every L D 123 building abroad shortshortwavewave receiving equipment addition new missionaries presently receiving instructions regarding shortshortwavewave reception before leaving salt lake city mission areas very generous grant made church columbia broadcasting system possible near future materially improve strength quality present broadcast signal make shortshortwavewave listening WRUL abroad even easier effective today WRUL maintain facilities churchschurche building worlds fair 1964651964 65 aad able acquire very important internationally interesting broadcast items

location I1 IRUL regular broadcasting church portion broadcasting 1jrul

L D portion broadcast schedules programs especially valuable aid missionaries previously mentioned bringing these foreign countries semiannualsemi annual conference world famous tabernacle choir voices thoughts general authorities church direct communicationc unicationubication link first presidency case kind emmereaanergencyemmergencygency special message during regular non L D portion prograingprogramming WRULWMUL station interestingly portray life customs problems pleasures etc hope constantly improving international understanding between united states 124 peoples countries thereby aiding another way secure better acceptance churchschurche missionaries L D programming portion RULsIMULs activities benefited benefit even future availability many returned missionaries know cultures languages many foreign countries since 14rultrtfrul government operated does cover gogovermentgoverraaentgovernmentverment propaganda role subject communist jammingjananing 11 consequently tuilTIILWRUL able get news through foreign countries whereas radio sources normally

jammed frequencies shortshortwavewave transmitter operates fixed domestic broadcasts different seasons year changes sunspot frequencies make regular changes frequencies necessary

english broadcasts 800 am 9t009tooatoo pm EDT spanish broadcasts 600 pm midnight SSTEST typical schedule english programs concerning

L D religion includes following programs together explanations those programs these schedules distributed among members missionaries foreign countries

july 8 1963 MEETING MIA r miss maxine thomason nuttalnutual improvement association church jesus christ latter day saints serves our hostess introintroducingduding us MIAelgahiga conference activities many MIA leaders parts world through interviews these leaders provide explanations purposes functions youth organization 125 july 10 1963 6000 RHYTHM evening june 14 university utah stadium became scene colorful precision 6000 young people around mormon church danced repertoire MIA 1963 dances mildred koew chairmancochairman dancenanceance festival sat press during performance provided verbal de- scriptscriptionsions spectacular performances thaichaichau neineidd capacity crowd spellspellboundbound july 15 1963 MORMON SCOUTING retrospect

part june I1HIAelamiaI1 IA conference set aside observance golden anniversary scouting hormonmormon church program leading officials boy scout movement express views long association mormon church boy scouts america july 1717p 1963 ccmmoratingcohmemoratingcommemorating FIFTY YEARS SCOUTING program discuss role boy scout program world particularly mormon church APPENDIX E

programming STRATEGY UNITED presbyterian church1CHURCHchurchy

broadcasters point view outsider definition interested religious natmattersmatters then apply principle self selection formulated klappermapper must conclude outsider give attention drawn religious programs ie programs sponsored religious organization present religious spokesman ean1Ihanlanian problems hand commercially sponsored entertainment programs sizeable audiences apparently use religious themes religious people without suffering loss audience radio television help evangelistic effect upon outsider here must apply principle predisposition face our answer must outsider definition predisposed toacceptaccept direct religious

lcondensedcondensed two strategy papers toward reaching intended audience toward defining role radio television mission church unpublished studies division radio television united presbyterian church united states america 1963 127 appeals pronouncements aimed him certainly pleas make major changes way life however may feel receptive interested religious matters viewing coerciallyconaaerctally sponsored drama happens deal religious subject having tuned entertainment purposes same effect may accom- pany viewing news report documentary program network newsmen dealing religious matters people nonetheless studies seem say should count radio television media religious spokesmen use particular effectiveness proclamation gospel apparently media dont work way invoking principle self selection conclude insider likely listen outsider insider presumably interested religious matters familiar certain religious symbols words drawn them least antagonistic them borne infactinface billarditillardyillard study state network religious Frogprogrammingprogramming new haven audience study however second lesson research many insiders listen religious programs either lie now faced disturbing possibility present religious program formats ardere incapable establishi- ng much contact che outsider future religious program per se fail do too 128

strategy alternatives standpoint program planning then seems must choose two courses action relative outsider 1 find nonreligiousnon religious program ap- proachesproaches attract attention 2 disregard him concentrate insider educate inform inspire mo- tivate reinforce strong arguments raised defense second alternative least liklihoodlikelihood even contact established outsider difficult change attitudes communications research indicates mass media themselthemselvesvestvess very effective bringing changes opinions attitudes reinforce convictions channel ideas along lines predisposition however seem premature make far reaching decision without exploring first alternative two approaches nonreligiousnon religious nature suggest themselves here 1 church sponsorship network programs informational dramatic etc business firm manufacturer might do 2 placement implicitly religious material within entertainment informational programs dramatizations personalities human interest stories like these possibilities reflected specific proposals follow

secongaendatrecommendations ionslons believing our premise valid ac- cepting what known program audiences recontendreconreconmendrecommendmend adoption following initial partial statement 129

program strategy

1 programs readily recognizable religious church sponsored should always intended well defined segment church oriented audience intended unchurched audience 2 program resources implicitly explicitly christian nature intended unchurched audience should developed conform requirements existing network programs brought attention producers those shows

3 appropriate network programs should sponsored periodically using commercial announcements intended unchurched audience sponsorship nightmight name nonprofitnon profit public service organization foundation particular denomination 4 periodic surveys shall conducted recognized audience measurement firms determine contact established significant numbers intended audience further study should made determine whether intended message actually perceived audience extent generally accepted andifandia possible major reasons acceptance rejection ANALYSIS relationships BETWEEN RELIGIOUS BROADCAST ikoGRAMINGprogiuhikgkrogramingkRO objectives METHODS fresentationpresentation&ssemtatiqkFRESENI TATION USED

SELECTED hajorKUORmajor RELIGIOUS PROGRAMEROGHAK PRODUCERS coldcoidCOMPAREDARED otheithHTHVITH che CHURCH JESUS CHRISTCHKIST lattekUTTERUTTERDAYLATTERDAYLATTER DAY SAMSSAINTS

abstract thesis submitted department communications brigham young university

partial fulfillment requirements degree fasterhasterhestermasterhegler arts

val E limburg

eaymaymays 1964 abstract valvaivax eoB limburg accepted present form Departdepartmettdepartmentdopartiaentmettment coiaaubicatlonscommuhicationscommunications brigham young university satisfying abstract requiromentsrequiroinantsrequirements debreedegree haslerhablermaslermaster artsactsaeta

62 datedatsi 24ehezll zak1&kf

committee ABSTRACTB T R C T

problem society greatly influenced electronic mediasmediamedla research indicates need effectively communicate religious programingprogramingprogracaaingprogramming broadcast audiences establishment guide lines between programs audienceaudiencessp producers objectives methods presentation used accomplish objectives better insure program effec- titivenessveness procedure investigation order learn programming objectives methods presentation information necessary hypothesize formation helpful programming guide lines survey made major religious broadcasting program producers united states survey furnished information relevant station ownership station coverage broadcast timestime program regularity joint participation recorded live broadcasts program distribution payment air time programming objectives methods presentation opinions evaluations religious program producers concerning relationship between programming objectives methods presentation disclosed comparison examination detailed analysis objective method relationship then made data supplied questionnaires compared broadcasting activities church jesus christ lat tercerdayberdayday faintssaints comparison made order determine

specific advantages limitations L D use 2 nonusenon use objective method relationship identified religious programming results eindfindingsFindlessigla survey indicated obvious objective method relationship used current religious programming U further study research surveys studies religious programming revealed relationship does exist conclusion although definite relationship between program objectives methods presentation profitably used religious program producers nonusenon use relationship generally found existed L DU programprogrammingmings although recent activities international broadcasting indicate L D program producers making use objective method relationship apparent success

evidence interviews L D broadcasters indicates reason nonusenon use objective method rela- tiontionshipship may lack research information programs audiences inability effectively readjust programming strongly influence audience accomplish objectives implications study study suggests re-

ligious programming improved 1 empirical research study religious programming 2 greater use imagination production selection presentation methods 3 carefully researched objectives correlated 3 available audience data 4 constant evaluationreevaluationre readjustment programming necessary findings study furnished data potential value religious program planning suggest religious broadcasters presently drawing guidelines between pro- gramminggramming objectives methods presentation profitably do