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LANGUAGE CONTACT and AREAL DIFFUSION in SINITIC LANGUAGES (Pre-Publication Version)
LANGUAGE CONTACT AND AREAL DIFFUSION IN SINITIC LANGUAGES (pre-publication version) Hilary Chappell This analysis includes a description of language contact phenomena such as stratification, hybridization and convergence for Sinitic languages. It also presents typologically unusual grammatical features for Sinitic such as double patient constructions, negative existential constructions and agentive adversative passives, while tracing the development of complementizers and diminutives and demarcating the extent of their use across Sinitic and the Sinospheric zone. Both these kinds of data are then used to explore the issue of the adequacy of the comparative method to model linguistic relationships inside and outside of the Sinitic family. It is argued that any adequate explanation of language family formation and development needs to take into account these different kinds of evidence (or counter-evidence) in modeling genetic relationships. In §1 the application of the comparative method to Chinese is reviewed, closely followed by a brief description of the typological features of Sinitic languages in §2. The main body of this chapter is contained in two final sections: §3 discusses three main outcomes of language contact, while §4 investigates morphosyntactic features that evoke either the North-South divide in Sinitic or areal diffusion of certain features in Southeast and East Asia as opposed to grammaticalization pathways that are crosslinguistically common.i 1. The comparative method and reconstruction of Sinitic In Chinese historical -
"Tho Peking System of Ortography" for the Chinese Language by G
MÉLANGES. On the extended use of "Tho Peking system of ortography" for the Chinese language BY G. SCHLEGEL. Under this title, the late lamented W. F. MAYERS, one of the best sinologues England can boast of, broke a lance against the abuse of the Peking system of ortography which then already (in 1867) became threatening. Nearly 30 years have since elapsed and, we are sorry to say, this abuse has thriven like an obnoxious weed, and menaces to overwhelm and smother entirely the standard pronunciation expressed in the Imperial Dictionary of (or Chang-lasi, as the Pekinese nowadays pronounce) by means of fixed syllabic and tonic symbols. As a whole generation has passed by since our friend wrote this article, and as the younger generation of sinologues does not seem to study the works of their predecessors, and gets as infatuated, (since Peking has been opened) with the bad, half Manchurian, pronunciation, as the Peking Chinese themselves, we deem it of 500 the highest importance to reproduce this article as the best anti- dote against the abuse of the Peking Colloquial dialect for the transcription, not only of the Chinese characters, but also of Chinese proper names, known in Europe and in europeau books on China, only in their standard pronunciation. None of the elder Sinologues, Morrison, Medhurst, Bridgman, Mayers, Stanislas Julien, R6niusat, Gaubil, only to name some of the most renowned, who have been living either in Canton, Bata- via, Peking, Amoy or Europe, have used for the transcription of Chinese characters and names the local brogue of the place where they where living and studying; all of them have used the st,(tiida??d p-?°o??nnciat,io7zin their transcriptions, and we do not see why the present generation should adopt local brogue of Peking as the standard pronunciation for the whole Chinese language. -
Rethinking Transnational Chinese Cinemas: the Amoy-Dialect Film
Rethinking Transnational Chinese Cinemas The Amoy-dialect film industry emerged in the 1950s, producing cheap, b-grade films in Hong Kong for direct export to the theatres of Manila, southern Taiwan and Singapore. Films made in Amoy dialect – a dialect of Chinese – reflected a particular period in the history of the Chinese diaspora, and have been little studied due to their ambiguous place within the wider realm of Chinese and Asian film history. This book represents the first full length, critical study of the origin, significant rise and rapid decline of the Amoy-dialect film industry. Rather than examining the industry for its own sake, however, this book focuses on its broader cultural, political and economic significance in the region. It questions many of the assumptions currently made about the ‘recentness’ of transnationalism in Chinese cultural production, particularly when addressing Chinese cinema in the Cold War years, as well as the prominence given to ‘the nation’ and ‘transnationalism’ in studies of Chinese cinemas and of the Chinese diaspora. By examining a cinema that did not fit many of the scholarly models of ‘transnationalism’, that was not grounded in any particular national tradition of film-making and that was largely unconcerned with ‘nation- building’ in post-war South East Asia, this book challenges the ways in which the history of Chinese cinemas has been studied in the recent past. Jeremy E. Taylor is a lecturer in Chinese Studies at the School of East Asian Studies, University of Sheffield, UK. Media, culture and social change in Asia Series editor: Stephanie Hemelryk Donald RMIT University, Melbourne Editorial Board: Devleena Ghosh, University of Technology, Sydney Yingjie Guo, University of Technology, Sydney K.P. -
Taiwanese Tone Sandhi Viewed from an Intensity Perspective
TAIWANESE TONE SANDHI VIEWED FROM AN INTENSITY PERSPECTIVE Fran H-L Jian Dept. Linguistic Science, University of Reading, U.K ABSTRACT contour slopes of the words that undergo sandhi-tone changes Tone sandhi is a phenomenon that occurs in tone languages such as Taiwanese, Mandarin and Cantonese. It is a set of rules that are compared. defines how words placed at specific positions in sentences carry particular linguistic tones or fundamental frequency contours. Most investigations into Taiwanese are of an Morpheme in isolation impressionistic nature and the few acoustic studies are limited to the study of fundamental frequency. In this work we study the effect of tone sandhi on the intensity contour in Taiwanese speech materials. The results show that short tone words subject to tone sandhi are not only significantly modified in the 1st word in phrase 2nd word undergoes tone sandhi fundamental frequency domain but changes in the intensity Unchanged contour can be measured. Change in fundamental frequency contour 1. INTRODUCTION and intensity contour Tone sandhi is a phenomenon that occurs in tone languages such Figure 1. Example of tone sandhi as Taiwanese, Mandarin and Cantonese. It is a set of rules that defines how words placed at specific positions in sentences The preliminary results show that in addition to noticeable carry particular linguistic tones or fundamental frequency changes in the fundamental frequency domain there are contours. In a tone language the fundamental frequency contour significant changes in intensity. However, morphemes of a word defines its lexical meaning. Unlike Mandarin, which undergoing tone-sandhi get even steeper intensity decays than has a relatively simple tone structure and has been subject to morphemes in isolation, indicating that the obstruent coda is much research, Taiwanese has a more complex and subtle tonal preserved and even reinforced. -
Writing Taiwanese: the Development of Modern Written Taiwanese
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 89 January, 1999 Writing Taiwanese: The Development of Modern Written Taiwanese by Alvin Lin Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. Sinographs (hanzi, also called tetragraphs [fangkuaizi]) and other unusual symbols should be kept to an absolute minimum. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
LANGUAGE CONTACT and AREAL DIFFUSION in SINITIC LANGUAGES Hilary Chappell
LANGUAGE CONTACT AND AREAL DIFFUSION IN SINITIC LANGUAGES Hilary Chappell To cite this version: Hilary Chappell. LANGUAGE CONTACT AND AREAL DIFFUSION IN SINITIC LANGUAGES. Alexandra Aikhenvald & RMW Dixon. Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: problems for typology and genetic affiliation, Oxford University Press, pp.328-357, 2006, 0199283087. hal-00850205 HAL Id: hal-00850205 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00850205 Submitted on 5 Aug 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LANGUAGE CONTACT AND AREAL DIFFUSION IN SINITIC LANGUAGES (pre-publication version) Hilary Chappell This analysis includes a description of language contact phenomena such as stratification, hybridization and convergence for Sinitic languages. It also presents typologically unusual grammatical features for Sinitic such as double patient constructions, negative existential constructions and agentive adversative passives, while tracing the development of complementizers and diminutives and demarcating the extent of their use across Sinitic and the Sinospheric zone. Both these kinds of data are then used to explore the issue of the adequacy of the comparative method to model linguistic relationships inside and outside of the Sinitic family. It is argued that any adequate explanation of language family formation and development needs to take into account these different kinds of evidence (or counter-evidence) in modeling genetic relationships. -
Klint De Roodenbeke, Auguste (1816-1878) : Belgischer Diplomat Biographie 1868 Auguste T’Klint De Roodenbeke Ist Belgischer Gesandter in China
Report Title - p. 1 of 509 Report Title t''Klint de Roodenbeke, Auguste (1816-1878) : Belgischer Diplomat Biographie 1868 Auguste t’Klint de Roodenbeke ist belgischer Gesandter in China. [KuW1] Tabaglio, Giuseppe Maria (geb. Piacenza-gest. 1714) : Dominikaner, Professor für Theologie, Università Sapienza di Roma Bibliographie : Autor 1701 Tabaglio, Giuseppe Maria ; Benedetti, Giovanni Battista. Il Disinganno contraposto da un religioso dell' Ordine de' Predicatori alla Difesa de' missionarj cinesi della Compagnia di Giesù, et ad un' altro libricciuolo giesuitico, intitulato l' Esame dell' Autorità &c. : parte seconda, conchiusione dell' opera e discoprimento degl' inganni principali. (Colonia : per il Berges, 1701). https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ZX__WZVH6zsC. [WC] 1709 Tabaglio, Giuseppe Maria ; Fatinelli, Giovanni Jacopo. Considerazioni sù la scrittura intitolata Riflessioni sopra la causa della Cina dopò ! venuto in Europa il decreto dell'Emo di Tournon. (Roma : [s.n.], 1709). https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_YWkGIznVv70C. [WC] Tabone, Vincent (Victoria, Gozo 1913-2012 San Giljan, Malta) : Politiker, Staatspräsident von Malta Biographie 1991 Vincent Tabone besucht China. [ChiMal3] Tacchi Venturi, Pietro (San Severino Marche 1861-1956 Rom) : Jesuit, Historiker Bibliographie : Autor 1911-1913 Ricci, Matteo ; Tacchi Venturi, Pietro. Opere storiche. Ed. a cura del Comitato per le onoranze nazionali con prolegomeni, note e tav. dal P. Pietro Tacchi-Venturi. (Macerata : F. Giorgetti, 1911-1913). [KVK] Tacconi, Noè (1873-1942) : Italienischer Bischof von Kaifeng Bibliographie : erwähnt in 1999 Crotti, Amelio. Noè Tacconi (1873-1942) : il primo vescovo di Kaifeng (Cina). (Bologna : Ed. Missionaria Italiana, 1999). [WC] Tachard, Guy (Marthon, Charente 1648-1712 Chandernagor, Indien) : Jesuitenmissionar, Mathematiker Biographie Report Title - p. 2 of 509 1685 Ludwig XIV. -
Jurnal Kemanusiaan 15: 1-S (2017), 18–23
Jurnal Full Paper Kemanusiaan PROMOTING HOKIEN DIALECT AT THE WORKPLACE: A SURVEY ON NON- CHINESE COMMUNITIES IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA Ng Boon Sim, Chan Swee Heng Fakulti Bahasa Moden dan Komunikasi, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia *Corresponding author [email protected] Abstract The Chinese community in Malaysia is made up of at least 6 sub- ethnic groups which are distinguished by their dialects. The main objective of this study is to identify the role of Hokkien dialect in promoting effective communication in the work place among non- Chinese communities from different social background. This study also explores the level of interest of non- Chinese communities in pursuing the dialect as well as the needs of related expertise areas that required Chinese dialects competency in the work place in Malaysia. The methodology used in this study includes interviews. Sets of questionnaires are distributed to 3 groups of informant I.e. civil servants, workplace employees and self- employed group. The significance of the study is to develop understanding at the work place as well as to strengthen ethnic relationship between Chinese and non- Chinese communities in Malaysia. It is also hoped that the study will contribute to government agencies, language planners and researchers in the field. Keywords: Hokkien dialect, workplace inter-communication, non-Chinese communities © 2017 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved 1.0 RESEARCH BACKGROUND Malaysia is a multiracial and multicultural, multilingual country with a total population of 30 billion. 1 The population consists of Malay (64%), Chinese (24%), Indian (10%) and some indigenous ethnic (5%). In the case of the ethnic Chinese languages in Malaysia, there are 6 major sub- ethnic groups whose ancestor tongues may be Hokkien, Hakka, Cantonese, Teochew, Hailam, or Foochew which can also be traced as a cultural heritage. -
Nicholas C. Bodman Papers, 1945-Ca. 1979. 2 Cubic Ft. Includes
#14\13\3031 Bodman, Nicholas Cleveland, 1913- Nicholas C. Bodman papers, 1945-ca. 1979. 2 cubic ft. Includes photocopies and typed transcripts. Professor of Chinese Linguistics at Cornell University from 1962-1979. Nicholas C. Bodman received his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. from Yale University. He entered the Navy during World War II, and was transferred to Pearl Harbor in 1942, where he was part of the group that deciphered the Japanese naval code. From 1950 to 1961, he worked as a scientific linguist with the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. State Department. He came to Cornell in 1962 as an expert in the historic reconstruction of Chinese and related languages. He won Guggenheim and National Science Foundation fellowships in 1961 and 1962, which took him to India, Nepal, and Burma to study Tibeto Burman languages. After his retirement from Cornell he visited the People's Republic of China twice at the invitation of the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He lectured at major universities and research institutes and conducted linguistic fieldwork on the Min dialect in both Fujian and Guangdon provinces. He was the author of four books and numerous articles and reviews. Professor Bodman died in 1997. Summary: Papers include personal and autobiographical material relating to the U.S. Navy and Naval Reserve, 1945-1963 (photocopies); Yale University, 1945-1950 (photocopies); early correspondence from fellow linguists, 1948; account of a trip to Malaya, and the establishment of the Government Officers Chinese -
The Amoy-Dialect Films of Hong Kong, It Has Been Our Belief That a Reliable Filmography Would Be the Basis for Research Efforts in the Future
Foreword Amoy-dialect cinema is under-researched, if not absent altogether, in Hong Kong film studies. Since these dialect pictures were hardly ever released in Hong Kong, the fact that our city was once home to a prolific Amoy movie industry remains unknown to many. This unturned page of history however didn’t escape the notice of the late Mr Yu Mo-wan, ex-Research Officer of the Hong Kong Film Archive, who gave an overview of Amoy cinema in his book, Anecdotes of Hong Kong Cinema. His continued call over the years for more attention to this subject has made him the vanguard in the study of this dialect cinema. Thanks to his painstaking efforts in gleaning relevant materials, first from all over Hong Kong, Guangzhou and finally from Singapore, the Film Archive has had in place a preliminary database of Amoy films. Inspired by Mr Yu, Prof Yung Sai-shing from the National University of Singapore also called for more studies on Amoy cinema. Coincidentally, Su Zhangkai, a student of Prof Yung’s, is a collector of Amoy film ephemera. The Film Archive thus invited Mr Su to gather related resources in Singapore, a task which Mr Su completed nicely. As well, he donated to us some precious collectables he had kept for years, which enriched our holdings and laid the groundwork for a more complete listing of Amoy films. At the same time, Prof Yung and Mr Su got hold of Chong Sit Fong, the Amoy star actress who had retired long ago. Our researcher Angel Shing went all the way to Singapore for an oral history interview with the veteran, which became a valuable piece of firsthand material for our work. -
The Amoy-Dialect Films of Hong Kong
Essay Abstracts from The Amoy-dialect Films of Hong Kong A Sketch of Amoy-dialect Film Industry and Basic Characteristics of Its Output By Po Fung (Research Officer, Hong Kong Film Archive) It is no easy task to study Amoy-dialect cinema since relevant resources have been scattered in many different places. Previous studies were mostly based on data that originated in Hong Kong. For a deeper and wider look into the subject, the Hong Kong Film Archive engaged a specialist to glean information from Singapore; on the other hand, our Research Unit had pored through old newspapers from Taiwan and the Philippines over the past year to look for clues. The result is a more comprehensive database, from which a more complete and accurate listing of Amoy movies has been compiled. During our research, we gained an overview of the history of Amoy film industry that spanned a decade or so, which can be divided into three stages. We made a better sense of the financial backing, market situation, and production environment in these respective stages, as well as the boom and bust of the industry at large. Judging from the films available for viewing today, the majority of early titles were tragic costume folktales targeted for those who were more advanced in age and less educated. The audience base gradually broadened later, when contemporary romantic comedy and musical with a modern sensibility became the order of the day. The shortage of directors and scriptwriters was offset by the employment of talents from Mandarin and Cantonese cinemas, which however explains why Amoy cinema is devoid of any uniqueness that would set itself apart. -
Linguistic Nationalism: the Case of Southern Min
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 25 August, 1991 Linguistic Nationalism: The Case of Southern Min by Jean DeBernardi Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. Sinographs (hanzi, also called tetragraphs [fangkuaizi]) and other unusual symbols should be kept to an absolute minimum. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form.