DOCSLIB.ORG

Phonological Dialect Differences of Karonese Language in Medan, North Sumatra

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phonological Dialect Differences of Karonese Language in Medan, North Sumatra CULTURE Vol 7 No.2 November 2020 PHONOLOGICAL DIALECT DIFFERENCES OF KARONESE LANGUAGE IN MEDAN, NORTH SUMATRA Sesilia Br Gurusinga [email protected] Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Universitas Quality Berastagi Abstract Language is a unique human inheritance that plays the very important role in human’s life, such as in thinking, communicating ideas, and negotiating with others. The study of human language is linguistics. Linguistics is divided into two parts those are micro linguistics and macro linguistics. Micro linguistic are sub discipline linguistics, like; phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and lexicology. While macro linguistic are sub discipline, like; psycholinguistic, anthropology, dialectology and others. In this research, the writer analyzes about phonological dialect differences of Karo language, in which it is studied in dialectology. Dialectology is a study of geographical varieties of language. Whereas, dialect is the language of a group of people living in a particular area. The data that are used are taken from primary and secondary sources. The method of data collections are observation, interview, and introspective method. To analyze the data, the writer uses equalizing and distributional method. The method of data presentation is formal and informal method. In Karonese, there are 6 vowels, 15 consonants, 18 diphthong and 7 triphtongs, with various vowel variations. such as vowel variations to be diphthong variations and diphthong variation to be triphtong variations. Besides, Karonese has vowels that is pronounced but it is not written. The phonological dialect difference occurred in the three districts irregularly. Keywords: Dialectology, dialect, phonological dialect differences 1. Introduction which implies in the group Western Indonesia consists of many Austronesian language and it is used by ethnics, one of them is Batak ethnic. Karonese in general. Karonese language Batak ethnic consists of five subethnics, is also a local dialect that its speakers are those are: Batak Toba, Batak Karo, Batak called Karonese. Karonese majority Pak-pak, Batak Simalungen, and Batak domiciles in the province of North Angkola Mandailing. Every ethnic has a Sumatra. People who are not Karonese language that is different from other assume that Karonese only live in Karo ethnics. Every language has similarities regency but some Karonese live in Deli and differences because all of ethnics Serdang and Langkat. In addition, we can includes a language family in North find Karonese domicile or live in the Sumatra. In this thesis the writer tries to regency of Simalungun, Dairi, North analyze Batak Karo language. Karo Tapanuli, Southeast Aceh, Medan and language is one of the local dialects other places. 263 Phonological Dialect Differences of Karonese Language in Medan, North Sumatra. Sesilia Br Gurusinga (Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Universitas Quality Berastagi) As a language spoken from This is a characteristic of differences generation to generation by Karonese, phonological. Other examples can be Karo language has a set of important taken in different phonology in English functions. It identifies and unifies its America. In general, Americans say the speakers. Through the language they coffee in two versions, these are [kɒ:fi] speak, they express their existence and and [kᴐ:fi]. Similarly, in the Karonese it feel that they belong to one ethnic group is also found the word ' Rice 'which is existing among the other ethnic groups in pronounced in three versions, these are Indonesia. Through Karo language they [Pagei], [Pagai], [Pagei]. Based on the also feel that culturally they belong to one background above, the writer really ethnic group. This cannot be separated wants to idenity the phonological dialect from the cultural function which Karo differences of Karo Language in Medan. language has. Its cultural function can be 2. Theoretical Review seen from the fact that it is used as a 2.1 Dialectology means of creating, recording, and Dialectology is a study of expressing their culture from generation geographical varieties of language. to generation. Dialectology wants to study and compare As Regional dialect in the way a the languages that are still allied to look language is likely to provide one of the for its similarities and its differences. easiest ways of observing variety in Dialect has a meaning of language language. As you travel throughout a variation whereas the word logy derived wide geographical area in which a from the Greek logos, that means 'science. language is spoken,and particular if that The combination of these words and its language has been spoken in that area meanings carry an understanding of for many hundreds of years, you are dialectology as a knowledge which studies almost certain to notice the differences a dialect of a language and it can also in pronunciation, in the choices and learn the dialects that exist in a language. forms of words, and syntax (Wardhaugh, Francis in Pateda (1988: 51-52) states that 1992). Dialectology is the study of language There is a tendency that the variation used by a small group of elements of the different languages may speakers. be caused by geographical factors. How From the definition above to write in one language can be similar dialectology seems to be a part of but the way to speak can be different. sociolinguistics areas. However, there are CULTURE Vol 7 No.2 November 2020 at least two main differences between the (Guiraud, 1970:16). Semasiologis two. First, dialectology discusses about difference which is the opposite of historical development of language onomasiologis, that is giving the same varieties and it surveys mainly the name for several different concepts comparison between the dialects and the (Guriaud, 1970:17- 18), for example, standart code, wheareas sociolinguistics is the lawes in the Karonesse. Lawes has more focused on synchronic analysis and a meaning someone who past away or it discribes the relation between the someone who has gone to a place or language varieties and the social anywhere. dynamism. Secondly, dialectologists are c) Morphological differences, which is concerned with analyzing various limited by a system of grammar is linguistics forms and the cognates, while concerned the frequency of different sociolinguistist takes the forms as morphemes, by the phonetic form, by important objects of analysis only when the sense and by a number of another the social issues are correlated to them. factors (Guiraud, 1970). For example, After all, both share interest in language at the pelit [pəlit] with perpelit varieties and the significance of them in [pərpəlit], there is the addition affix understanding the notion of a language. [per] on adjective pelit, however, the 2.2 Dialects addition do not change the class. Pelit Guiraud in Ayatrohaedi (1978:3-5), and perpelit have a same meaning that states that there are five kinds of is stingy. characteristics distinguishing the dialects. All of these support the understanding The five differences are described as of an innovation or renewal. Therefore, in follow: the innovation of dialect / language it a) Phonetic differences (Guiraud, 1970: should be divided into two phases, namely 12), polimorfemis (Seguy,1973:6), or the creation of a personal and acceptance allophonic (Dubois, et al., 1973:21). by society that language is a social fact. This difference is generally in the field 2.3. Phonology of phonology and dialect speakers or According to Prokem, et al, phonology language is not aware of these is not the study of telephone etiquette, nor differences. the study of telephones. Phonology is the b) Onomasiologi differences that show study of the sound patterns of human different names based on the concept language, it is also the kind of knowledge given in several different places that speakers have about the sound 265 Phonological Dialect Differences of Karonese Language in Medan, North Sumatra. Sesilia Br Gurusinga (Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Universitas Quality Berastagi) patterns of their particular language (1988 divided into three, those are; dialect Karo : 64). Phonology is concerned with this Gugung, Karo Gunung and Karo Jahe- kind of linguistic konwledge. Phonetics jahe. Every district has dialect differences provides the means for describing speech from others. In this case, this research sounds. Meanwhile, phonology studies the focuses to discuss about phonological ways in which speech sounds form differences that are not only distinguished systems and patterns in human language. from three districts (Karo Gugung, Karo The phonology of a language is the Gunung and Karo Jahe- jahe) but also with systems and pattern of the speech sounds. Karo Standard. Karo Standard is known as We see that the word phonology is used in Standard of Karonese language or that two ways: as the study of sound patterns language is appropriate with dictionary. in language and as the sound pattern of a The phonological differences are not given language. discussing about which language is right Phonological knowledge permits a and which one is wrong. As the researcher speaker to produce sounds that form experience, sometime Karo Gugung and meaningful utterances, to recognize a Karo Gunung usually questions about the foreign accent, to make up new words, to language. When the writer says ‘bagai’ add the appropriate phonetic segments to [bagai] (like that), someone who comes form plurals and past tenses to produce from Karo Gunung will protest by saying, aspirated and unaspirated voiceless stops not ‘bagai’ [bagai] but ‘bage’ [bage]. In in the appropriate context, to recognise opposite, when person is from Karo what is or is nor a sound in the language. Gunung says ‘manuk’ [manᴐk] (chiken), 3. Method someone who comes from Karo Gugung The method for this research are will protest, not ‘manuk’ [manᴐk] but method of data collection, analysis and ‘manuk’ [manʊk]. In this case, the research presentation. The method of data does not discuss about right or wrong of collections are observation, interview, and language but phonological differences. introspective method. To analyze the data, 4.1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Language Is a System of Communication Used by Human Being Which Consist of A
    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study Language is a system of communication used by human being which consist of a set of sounds, symbols, gestures, and signal to desire to others. Language is very important in people daily life because they use language every time in their daily activity to communicate with each other. To communicate means to understand and to express any information, thought, feelings, culture and technology. Thousand of language is spoken in this world one of that is English language, English language important to be learn especially to students because English can improve the quality of social life. English is considered as a foreign language in Indonesia. As students, learn English from the very beginning from their schooling. As a foreign language learner it is not possible to speak English with a proper sound. But Indonesian people always try to learn about English language because Indonesian people realize that how important English in their life. One of the problems for a foreign language learner is that how to accurately utter the speech sound of language main purpose of speaking a language is to communicate with others. Caused demand of technology in this era and we have been free trade in ASEAN economic community since in the beginning 2015, they have to master and develop English especially four skills in English : speaking, listening, writing, reading. Beside to know the four skills of language the students also should master speaking because it is one of important element that has a position in the four language skills.
    [Show full text]
  • The Position of Enggano Within Austronesian
    7KH3RVLWLRQRI(QJJDQRZLWKLQ$XVWURQHVLDQ 2ZHQ(GZDUGV Oceanic Linguistics, Volume 54, Number 1, June 2015, pp. 54-109 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\8QLYHUVLW\RI+DZDL L3UHVV For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ol/summary/v054/54.1.edwards.html Access provided by Australian National University (24 Jul 2015 10:27 GMT) The Position of Enggano within Austronesian Owen Edwards AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Questions have been raised about the precise genetic affiliation of the Enggano language of the Barrier Islands, Sumatra. Such questions have been largely based on Enggano’s lexicon, which shows little trace of an Austronesian heritage. In this paper, I examine a wider range of evidence and show that Enggano is clearly an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian (MP) subgroup. This is achieved through the establishment of regular sound correspondences between Enggano and Proto‒Malayo-Polynesian reconstructions in both the bound morphology and lexicon. I conclude by examining the possible relations of Enggano within MP and show that there is no good evidence of innovations shared between Enggano and any other MP language or subgroup. In the absence of such shared innovations, Enggano should be considered one of several primary branches of MP. 1. INTRODUCTION.1 Enggano is an Austronesian language spoken on the southernmost of the Barrier Islands off the west coast of the island of Sumatra in Indo- nesia; its location is marked by an arrow on map 1. The genetic position of Enggano has remained controversial and unresolved to this day. Two proposals regarding the genetic classification of Enggano have been made: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Meaning of People Names in Batak Karo Community, Juhar District, Karo Regency: Anthropolinguistic Study
    Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2020 • ISSN 2302-9609 L'Geneus : The Journal Language Generations of Intellectual Society journal homepage: http://geneus.jurnalhukumbisnis.com/index.php/geneus MEANING OF PEOPLE NAMES IN BATAK KARO COMMUNITY, JUHAR DISTRICT, KARO REGENCY: ANTHROPOLINGUISTIC STUDY Novianti Bukit Ethics Email : [email protected] Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Jalan Dr. T. Mansur No.9, Medan Sumatera Utara A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Name is a word or group of words used to identify and mention the name of people, Received: 01/04/2020 animals and places. This study aims to describe the meaning of people's names in the Revised: 01/05/2020 Karo Batak community in Juhar District, Karo Regency, which are the terms of giving Accepted: 01/06/2020 names, types of people's names, categorization of meanings of people's names and Available online: 30/06/2020 cultural values in people's names in the Karo Batak community. This research uses the anthropoliguistic approach (cultural liguistic) put forward by Kridalaksana and Beratha which states that cultural linguistics is a study of the position and function of language in a broader social and cultural context which has a role in shaping and maintaining cultural practices and social structures of society. This study also uses the onomastic theory which states that semantics is the study of the relationship between linguistic signs and the things they sign. From the results of the data assessment, it can be concluded that the naming of people in the Batak Karo community in Juhar sub-district is done by means of custom in giving names.
    [Show full text]
  • Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia the Accommodation Pattern of Batak Society Language in Trading Domain With
    Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 7 (2) (2018) : 138 – 145 https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/seloka/article/view/19651 The Accommodation Pattern of Batak Society Language in Trading Domain with Javanese Society in Semarang 2 Alibasa Limbong¹ & Ida Zulaeha ¹Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia ²Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Article Info Abstract ________________ ___________________________________________________________________ History Articles Batak Society as newcomers or minority in Semarang accommodates its Received: language. One of the domains requiring accommodation is trading. The purpose June 2018 Accepted: of this research is to analyze Batak society language accommodation in trading July 2018 domain to Javanese in Semarang. The research uses sociolinguistics approach Published: as its methodology. The data is collected by using observation and record as the August 2018 basic techniques. Then it is continued by participant observation, free involved ________________ Keywords: observation, recording, and noting. The data analysis is done using coding accommodation, method and interactive model. Based on the findings, they show the batak society, accommodation pattern are (1) pattern of Javanese accommodation convergent, language, trading domain (2) pattern of Javanese accommodation most convergent, (3) pattern of Batak ____________________ Toba language accommodation divergent, (4) pattern of Batak Karo language accommodation divergent, and (5) pattern of Batak Simalungun language DOI https://doi.org/10.15294 accommodation divergent. /seloka.v7i2.19651 © 2018 Universitas Negeri Semarang Correspondenceaddress: p-ISSN 2301-6744 Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, Medan 20221 e-ISSN 2502-4493 E-mail: [email protected] 138 Alibasa Limbong & Ida Zulaeha Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 7 (2) (2018) :138 – 145 INTRODUCTION seller or buyer.
    [Show full text]
  • Batak Toba Language Structure As Inverted Language
    Running Head: BATAK TOBA LANGUAGE STRUCTURE AS INVERTED LANGUAGE 9 ICLEHI 2018-051 Paska Loren Simanjuntak Batak Toba Language Structure as Inverted Language Paska Loren Simanjuntak Department of Linguistics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract Batak Toba Language (BTL) structure dominantly begins with predicate that is why BTL is called as inverted language. This research is descriptive-qualitative research. The data are taken from Batak’s tales book written by Manguji Nababan titled “Torsatorsa Hombung - Turiturian ni Halak Batak” and from daily conversation. The data which consist of sentences are taken randomly and analysed based on its structure. From the research done, there are found that: (1) BTL uses some markers, like “si” (to mark subject if subject is the name of a person), “do” (to mark predicate), “ma” (to mark predicate); (2) there are two types of structure used in BTL, they are VOS (Verb - Object - Subject) and VSO (Verb - Subject - Object) type. In declarative sentence of BTL, VSO type is used in both active and passive voice but VOS is used in active voice. This research is aimed to describe the structure of BTL and globally help learners to learn basic structure of BTL easily. Keywords: Batak Toba language (BTL), inverted language, language structure Introduction Batak Toba Language (BTL) is one from hundreds local languages in Indonesia. BTL is used by Bataknese in North Sumatra. Bataknese itself has six different local language, they are Batak Toba Language, Batak Karo Language, Batak Mandailing Language, Batak Pakpak Language, Batak Angkola Language and Batak Simalungun Language.
    [Show full text]
  • Voice in Bugis: an Rrg Perspective
    VOICE IN BUGIS: AN RRG PERSPECTIVE by Douglas C. Laskowske Bachelor of Arts, Taylor University, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota August 2016 This thesis, submitted by Douglas Laskowske in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. ______________________________________ James Roberts, Chairperson ______________________________________ Janet Allen, Committee member ______________________________________ Adam Baker, Committee member ______________________________________ , ______________________________________ , This thesis is being submitted by the appointed advisory committee as having met all of the requirements of the School of Graduate Studies at the University of North Dakota and is hereby approved. __________________________________ Dr. Grant McGimpsey Dean of the School of Graduate Studies __________________________________ Date July 6, 2016 ii PERMISSION Title Voice in Bugis: An RRG Perspective Department Linguistics Degree MA In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the School of Graduate Studies. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this dissertation or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Language Loyalty and Identity: an Ethnographic
    Changing Language Loyalty and Identity: An Ethnographic Inquiry of Societal Transformation among the Javanese People in Yogyakarta, Indonesia by Lusia Marliana Nurani A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved August 2015 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Teresa L. McCarty, Co-Chair Mary Eunice Romero-Little, Co-Chair Aya Matsuda ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY December 2015 ABSTRACT This study examines changing language loyalties of the sociopolitically most dominant ethnic group in Indonesia, the Javanese. Although Javanese language has the largest number of speakers, within the last five decades the language is gradually losing its speakers who prioritize the national language, Indonesian. This phenomenon led me to inquire into the extent to which their native language matters for their Javanese identity and how the language planning and policy (LPP) mechanism works to foster Javanese language. To collect data, I conducted a six-month ethnographic research project in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The findings show that Javanese language shift occurs because of strong supports from the government toward Indonesian by emphasizing its role as a symbol to unify all ethnic groups in Indonesia into one nation. Consequently, interference in intergenerational language transmission, a limited scope of Javanese use, decrease language competence, and negative attitude toward Javanese are evident. Although Javanese language is still perceived as the most profound marker of Javanese identity, it is now challenging to maintain it because of its limited role in most domains. The study also indicates that the Javanese people are now strongly inclined to Islam reflected by their piety to Islamic rules such as positive attitude to learn liturgic Arabic, to leave behind Javanese tradition not in line with Islam, and to view religion as a panacea to heal social problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Origins of Language Structures∗
    Geographical Origins of Language Structures∗ Oded Galor,y Omer¨ Ozak¨ ,z and Assaf Saridx January 5, 2018 Abstract This research explores the geographical origins of the coevolution of cultural and linguistic traits in the course of human history, relating the geographical roots of long-term orientation to the struc- ture of the future tense, the agricultural determinants of gender bias to the presence of sex-based grammatical gender, and the ecological origins of hierarchical orientation to the existence of polite- ness distinctions. The study advances the hypothesis and establishes empirically that: (i) variations in geographical characteristics that were conducive to higher natural return to agricultural invest- ment contributed to the existing cross-language variations in the structure of the future tense, (ii) the agricultural determinants of gender gap in agricultural productivity fostered the existence of sex-based grammatical gender, and (iii) the ecological origins of hierarchical societies triggered the emergence of politeness distinctions. Keywords: Comparative Development, Cultural Evolution, Language Structure, Future Tense, Po- liteness Distinctions, Long-Term Orientation, Grammatical Gender, Gender Bias, Hierarchy, E- mergence of States JEL Classification: D01, D03, J16, Z10, Z13 ∗The authors are grateful to Alberto Alesina, Joan Bybee, Justin Cook, Lewis Davis, Klaus Desmet, Delia Furtado, Paola Giuliano, Luigi Guiso, Stelios Michalopoulos, and David Weil, as well as conference participants at the NBER Culture and Institutions
    [Show full text]
  • LCSH Section I
    I(f) inhibitors I-215 (Salt Lake City, Utah) Interessengemeinschaft Farbenindustrie USE If inhibitors USE Interstate 215 (Salt Lake City, Utah) Aktiengesellschaft Trial, Nuremberg, I & M Canal National Heritage Corridor (Ill.) I-225 (Colo.) Germany, 1947-1948 USE Illinois and Michigan Canal National Heritage USE Interstate 225 (Colo.) Subsequent proceedings, Nuremberg War Corridor (Ill.) I-244 (Tulsa, Okla.) Crime Trials, case no. 6 I & M Canal State Trail (Ill.) USE Interstate 244 (Tulsa, Okla.) BT Nuremberg War Crime Trials, Nuremberg, USE Illinois and Michigan Canal State Trail (Ill.) I-255 (Ill. and Mo.) Germany, 1946-1949 I-5 USE Interstate 255 (Ill. and Mo.) I-H-3 (Hawaii) USE Interstate 5 I-270 (Ill. and Mo. : Proposed) USE Interstate H-3 (Hawaii) I-8 (Ariz. and Calif.) USE Interstate 255 (Ill. and Mo.) I-hadja (African people) USE Interstate 8 (Ariz. and Calif.) I-270 (Md.) USE Kasanga (African people) I-10 USE Interstate 270 (Md.) I Ho Yüan (Beijing, China) USE Interstate 10 I-278 (N.J. and N.Y.) USE Yihe Yuan (Beijing, China) I-15 USE Interstate 278 (N.J. and N.Y.) I Ho Yüan (Peking, China) USE Interstate 15 I-291 (Conn.) USE Yihe Yuan (Beijing, China) I-15 (Fighter plane) USE Interstate 291 (Conn.) I-hsing ware USE Polikarpov I-15 (Fighter plane) I-394 (Minn.) USE Yixing ware I-16 (Fighter plane) USE Interstate 394 (Minn.) I-K'a-wan Hsi (Taiwan) USE Polikarpov I-16 (Fighter plane) I-395 (Baltimore, Md.) USE Qijiawan River (Taiwan) I-17 USE Interstate 395 (Baltimore, Md.) I-Kiribati (May Subd Geog) USE Interstate 17 I-405 (Wash.) UF Gilbertese I-19 (Ariz.) USE Interstate 405 (Wash.) BT Ethnology—Kiribati USE Interstate 19 (Ariz.) I-470 (Ohio and W.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal Paper Format
    JURNAL MEDIA APLIKOM ISSN : 2086 - 972X Vol. 2, No. 2, Mei 2012 BATAK KARO ALPHABET PATTERN RECOGNITION Oskar Ika Adi Nugroho Information System Departement STIKOM Yos Sudarso Purwokerto Abstract Karo Batak script is typical and ancestral heritage of Batak tribe to preserve its existence. Currently Batak Karo script already has a standard of Unicode. Therefore, the authors develop models and handwriting recognition software Batak Karo script in real time. Real time or online is the way the introduction of OCR (Optical CharacterRecognize). Batak script used is Batak Karo alphabet has 20 types of characters. Model and software that is built using feature extraction zoning and consider the long strokes. The algorithm used is the Kohonen algorithm neuralnetwork. Kohonen neural network, including unsupervised learning (learning uncontrolled) by studying the distribution of the set of patterns without any class information. Keywords: Batak Karo Alphabet, Pattern Recognition,Kohonen Network Model, Unsupervised learning, OCR—Online 1. Introduction The recognition of characters and handwriting has been a popular research area for many years because of its potentials and various applications, such as postal automation, bank cheque processing, documents analysis, reading postal codes and reading different forms, etc. Several scientific researchers have been carried out for handwritten recognition of English language, Chinese/Japanese/Hindi languages, and Arabic/ Farsi language .[7] This paper will discuss how pattern recognition Batak karo characters into Latin characters using artificial neural network model with Kohonen networks. The number of Batak karo characters selected are 21 characters. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents an overview of Karo Batak language.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phonological Process of Batak Toba Language
    THE PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS OF BATAK TOBA LANGUAGE Julianti Lubis A2B009012 English Department [email protected] Abstrak Indonesia terkenal dengan kekayaan akan budaya yang diwariskan oleh nenek moyang. Bahasa daerah merupakan salah satu yang termasuk didalamnya. Sebagai bentuk penghargaan terhadap bahasa itu, maka sangat perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang apa saja unsur-unsur yang terkandung di dalamnya. Dalam kesempatan ini, penulis mengambil kesempatan untuk menganalisis sebuah bahasa daerah yaitu bahasa Batak Toba. Dimana status penulis sekaligus sebagai penutur asli bahasa Batak Toba telah memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini ialah tentang analisis beberapa proses fonologis Bahasa Batak Toba. Tujuannya adalah mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis proses fonologis yang terdapat dalam bahasa Batak Toba. Penulis mengoleksi data dari sebuah Kamus Bahasa Batak Toba-Indonesia yang disusun oleh Drs. Richard Sinaga sebagai data utama dan kosakata di luar dari kamus tersebut sebagai data sekunder. Masalah yang dikaji fokus pada kosa kata bahasa Batak Toba yang ada di dalam kamus tersebut yaitu tentang pengklasifikasian kata berdasarkan jenis-jenis proses fonologis yang ada. Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut terdapat empat macam proses fonologis di dalam bahasa Batak Toba yaitu: assimilation, metathesis, addition dan reduction. I. Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Batak tribe lives in North Sumatera and it has 6 (six) sub-tribes. Every sub- tribe has its own language. They are Batak Toba language, Batak Simalungun language, Batak Karo language, Batak Pak-pak Dairi language, Batak Angkola language and Batak Mandailing language. Because the writer comes from Batak Toba tribe, she chooses Batak Toba language to analyze.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lexical Interference of Bataknese Language Into Japanese Language Amongst Students in Universitas Sumatera Utara
    International Journal of Language and Linguistics Vol. 4, No. 4, December 2017 The Lexical Interference of Bataknese Language into Japanese Language amongst Students in Universitas Sumatera Utara Mhd. Pujiono, Nelvita, SS., M.Hum Faculty of Cultural Studies Universitas Sumatera Utara Indonesia. Abstract Every language has phonology, morphology and syntactical system where the sentence can be spoken, written and used by anyone due to the universality nature of language. Even so, due to the uniqueness of every language, the grammatical system is different and this situation will not hinder people to contact with other languages occurred in the most possible way or situation such as immigrants need to learn local language or students learn foreign language. This eventually leads them to begin the contact with other languages. Due to the different structure of the languages, language deviance is relatively affirmative. This language deviance phenomenon is known as language distortion or language interference. This research discusses about lexical interference of Bataknese language into Japanese language occurred among Japanese literature students of Universitas Sumatera Utara. There are 40 respondents come from freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior students. This research utilized qualitative methodology where the technique of collecting data were sorting or segregating and jotting down while the theory mainly used was Weinrich. The result of this research discovered that there are 72% of noun interference, 10% verb interference, 10% adjective interference and 8% adverbial interference. The most dominant interference is noun interference. This explains that there is a very obvious language interference of Bataknese language into Japanese language. Keywords: language contact, interference, bilingualism, lexical, Japanese language, Bataknese language Introduction Indonesia is one of Asia’s nation that ethnically and linguistically diverse.
    [Show full text]