MARCH,1897. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 98

Warlifngton.-The mean temperature was 36.7O, or 3.7O below normal; WhconrCn.-The mean temperature was 26.7O or 0.6O below normal; thb highest was 70°, at Elms on the 2d and at Sunnyside on the 25th. the highest waa 71°, at Butternut on the 3Oth, and the lowest, 27” The average precipitation was.4.53, or 0.89 above normal; the reatest below zero, at Grantsbur on the 16th. The average precipitation was monthly amount 12.32, occurred at Lapush, and the least, %.15, at 2.48, or 0.87 above normat; the eatest monthl amount, 1.83, occurred Ellensburg.-Q. h. &l&buq. at Milwaukee, and the least, 18,at Koepenicz- W.di. Wilron. W& Vikgin&x-The meantem erature was 48.l0, or about 5.0° above W omfng.-The mean tem erature was 26.0°, or 8.0° below normal; normal; the highest waa 81°, at guntington on the Wth, and the lowest, the kghest was 74O, at Fort isramie on the 27th, and the lowest, 290 12O, at Beckly on the 1st. The average precipitation was 3.60, or 0.50 below zero. at Sheridan on the 13th. The average precipitation was above normal; the greatest monthly amount, 6.53, occurred at Elk- 1.73, or 0.18 above normal; the greatest monthl amount, 4.33, occurred horn, and the least, 1.33, at Burlington.-H. L. I?&. at Laramie, and the leaat, 0.35, at Wise.-H. dRdri.

The month has been signalized by the development of one from the shore in many places and disappeared entirely below the Greenbush Bridge, leaving two-thirds of a mile of open water, and of the worst floods ever known in the lower Mississippi Valley ; by formin a gorge at Downs Point caused a slight freshet. The at its close the river has just begun to fall from Cairo ta ferryboat &anport resumed her re ular trips between Rhineclii and Memphis and is still rising from Helena southward. The Kip ton on the same day. A rapis rise in the Hudson waa observed flood waters came chiefly out of the lower Ohio, only a moder- on tfe 8th, which continued from the early morning up to 9 a. m., when the rise was checked. B the 9th the Mohawk River began to ate flood prevailing in the upper Ohio, and the Mississippi fall, but waa still 5 feet above tie normal, and the Hudson was 2 feet above Cairo remaining well below the danger lines of the above the normal. The ice from the upper Hudson jammed at pointa gauges. Heavy and continued rains in Tennessee, Kentucky, between Troy and Catskill. and adjoining States caused unprecedented floods in the On the 11th the Mohawk River was practically clear of ice from Fonda to ita moith; the ice which came down into the Hudson was Cumberland and Tennessee fivers, which continued from the from 13 to 16 inches thick. On this date the first boat this season made 10th to nearly the close of the month. These waters were her appearance on the river at Albany. On the 12th the stearner Zmnu poured into the lower Ohio, which was already well filled by of the Castleton Line went down the river and met very little ice be- the waters from its upper reaches. At Cairo the month tween Albany and Castleton. The People’s Line steamer harrived at her wharf in Albany from New York on the morning of the Mth, opened with the river 1.1 foot above danger line and there the first through boat from New York; the Citg o$ !hy paeeed up in was a steady rise to a atage 10 feet higher on th’e 25th. At the wake of the Drscp to the head of tidewater navigation. B the 23d Memphis the river roBdM 4.1 feet above danger line on the there was practically no snow over the watershed of the HuJmn; the 19th, when the breaking of the levees checked its rise and it river stage was 7 feet above the normal. The cold wave of the n’ ht of the 35th checked the flow of surface water and as a result a fapof remained nearly stationary to the end of the month. .The 1foot in the river was recorded on the mor&g of the 26th. At the cessation of rise at Memphis does not indicate the passage of close of the month a normal volume of water flowed in the Hudson at the flooc crest, as is shown by the continued rise at Cairo. Albany, and the openin of navi ation in 1897 will go into history as The rise at Helena continued, in spite of vast overflows, to the one of the most favorabfe that tfis section has ever known. It 18 a pleasure to state that the public confidence in our reports and forecaste. end of the month, when the water was 6.9 feet above danger was so great that merchants and others having perishable property in line. At Arkansas City the rise was checked at 9.9 feet above the low-lying portions of Alban and vicinity did not make a move to danger line on the 29th. At Vicksburg and New Orleans the place their goods above the freslet line. rise continued to the close of the month, at which time the Suqwkbna Riorsr and branoha (Reported by E. R. Demain, Harrb burg, Pa)-No damaging floods occurred during the month but the stage was 8.4 feet above danger- line at Vicksburg and 1.1 foot stages of water in most streams of the system averaged higher than at New Orleans. for several months, and at Harrisbu the average gauge reading was On the 15th the Weather Bureau issued a warning that “the higher than during any month since ril, 1896. On the West Branch impending flood will prove very destructive in Arkansas and of the Susquehanna the ice disa peare4 from Driftwood Creek at Cam- eron on March 2, and at Farran!sville no ice waa reported after the 3d. northern Louisiana.” Further warning was given on the 19th At Sinnamahoning the water was below the zero of the gau until the that “the floods in the lower Mississippi during the next ten 4th, when a stage of 4 feet waa reported, and on the 6th Re highest days or two weeks will in many places equal or exceed in stage durin the month, 6 feet, occurred. At Renova the river rose 6 magnitude and destructiveness those of any previous year, feet from t%e 3d to the 7th, reaching on the latter date the highest stage of the month, 8.5 feet. At Cedar Run, on Pine Creek, the water and additionnl warning is given to the residents of the threat- waa below the zero of the gauge all the month, exce t on the 12th and ened districts in Arkansas, Louisiana, and western MissiOgippi 13th, and again from the 2lst to the 26th, the higEest stage reached to remove from the region of danger.” These warnings were being 1.7 feet of the 34th. supplemented by further bulletins descriptive of the progress On the North Branch the ice broke up at Towanda on the 4th and moved out durin the night on a rise of about 3 feet, and floatin ice of the flood. waa laat observecf in the river at that point on the 7th. The ice aqong The following r6sum6 of river stages and conditions of navi- the shore at Wilkesbarre began to break up on the lst, and the river gation in the respective streams is compiled from reports by was clear on the 3d, but floe ice was reported subsequently and the the officials of the Weather Bureau at various river stations river waa not entirely free from ice until the 10th. Huntingdon and Mifflin, on the Juniata, report good stages of water during the en- and section eenters : tire month, rangin from 4 to 10 feet. At Harrisburg the maximum H?&n Rh. (Reported by A. F. Sims, Albany, N. Y.)-At the be; gauge reading note8 was 11.6feet on the 26th, the highest point touched ginning of March an average of 15 inches of snow covered the forest since April 1, 1896. section of ,the Hudson watershed, while over the plateau region and Watermen report the outlook for rafting on the Susquehanna aa very valley districts only mattered drifts remained. The ice in the Mohawk encouraging, and it is expected that a large amount of timber will be and other tributaries of the Hudson was from 12 to 14 inches thick. floated to market this season. It is estimated that at le& 300 more In the upper Hudson, above the State dam, the ice was from 15 to 33 rafts will be floated this aprin than last season, provided the requisite inches thick, while that of the tidewater rtion of the river ranged stages of water are maintaine8. A large number have already pasaed from 15 inches at Troy to 5 inches at Catal%l, and open water was to down. On the 11th and 13th sixteen rafts passed Harrisburg, mntain- be seen at pointa here and there from Poughkeepsie south. On the 2d ing about 90,OOO cubic feet of timber. One of the lar est rafts ever of March the steamer Norraich opened navigation between Newburg seen on the river arrived at Lockhaven, on the West %ranch, a few and New York by bringing a tow into Roundout Creek. During the days since. It waa 3-54 feet long and contained about 80,OOO feet. early days of the month copious rains melted much of the snow on the Forty-three rafts were reported in the dam at Lockhaven at the close upper Hudson watershed, so that by the 9th on1 drifts remained. On of the month ready to move out on the nest flood. the 6th the Mohawk River rose and the ice berow the Adams Island Rioera of boulh Atlantic Staide. (Re rted b E A. Evans, Richmond, Bridge broke up. The ice in the vicinity of Albany became loosened Va.; C. F. von Herrmann, Raleigh, gC.; L.S. Jesunofsky, Charleston, REV-2 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/24/21 12:08 PM UTC 94 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. MARCH,1897

~ ~ S. C.; D. Fisher, Aupsta Ga.; and J. B. Marbury Atlanta, Ga.)-Low H. L. Ball, Parkersburg, W.Va.; S. S. Baseler Cincinnati, Ohio; F. water revailed dunng the entire month over the watershed of the Burke, Louisville, Ky.; and P. H. em th, Cairo, fll.)-On March 1 from Jameskver. On the 14th a slight rise set in but was unimportant, the 1 to 2 inches of snow remained on tie ground over the greater part of maximum height reached beinBonly 3.7 feet above the zero of the the watershed of the Alleghany River and ita tributaries. The mild gauge at Richmond. The river t en remained stationary until the 23d temperatures during the first week of the month caused this snow to when it began to decline. Rains were quite frequent over the James melt and, supplemented by the general rains which fell over western basin, but the quantity deposited was not sufficient to produce any Pennsylvania at the same time, caused flood conditions in the Alle- marked changes in the height of the stream. ghany River on the 6th of the month. The Alleghany River reached The high stages in the rivers of North Carolina obtaining at the end the dan er line (22 feet) about 7.30 p. m. of the (Ith, at which time it of February were maintained throughout the first and second decades was stilf risin at the rata of 1.5 inch per hour at Herrs Island Dam. of &rch by the continuous but fortunately not excessive rains. There The Monon afela River reached a maximum sta e of 19.0 feet at 9.30 was a radual and steady rise in the Cape Fear and in the Roanoke p. m., cause% entirely by backwater from the Aheghany. Quantities from tie 6th to the lith, ‘ust reaching the danger line at Weldon and of slush ice passed out of the Alleghany River during the evening. Fayetteville, but beyond keeping lowlands too wet for plowing no dam- The storms of the entire month were attended by warm conditions a e resulted. An equal1 steady decline in all the rivers set in on the and general rains, causing. high water most of the time. Increased Ahand continued to tle end of the month, when the stages were activity in all river interests resulted, especially among the packet about the average for the season of the year. operators. There were two periods of freshets in the streams of South Carolina General and somewhat heavy rains fell from the 4th to the 6th over during the month. In the western section high waters occurred be- the northern yrt of West Virginia. The rivers of that section re- tween the 6th and 9th and between the 11th and 18th; in the eastern sponded quick and a rise occurred which caused some uneasiness section from the 1st to 11th and between the 15th and Bth. The riv- along the Ohio gelow Wheeling. The flood, however, was li ht and ers were above the danger lines on the various gauges as follows: at caused no damage. The crest, with a stage of 30.3 feet, passed Barkers- Camden on the 8th and 14th to 17th; at Clieraw on the Sth, gth, and 14th burg on the mornin of the 8th. From that time unhl the 19th the to 17th; at Conway on the 2d to 11th; at Effingham on the let, 2d, and Ohio and its West #ir@nia tributaries fell slowly, but maintained good 21st to 23d; at Fairbluff on the 1st to 6th; and at Smiths Mills on the stages. Continuous rains from tbe 18th to the 26th again started a rise 3d to 6th and 16th to 28th. in the rivers, but it was slight. The South Carolina streams were navigable throughout the entire The makeshifts employed b the railroads at Cincinnati durin the month. More timber and plank rafts were floated down in Marchthan prevalence of the flood of the fatter art of Febwary were abanfoned during the entire logging season previously. On the Waccamaw, the at the beginningof the month ancffrei ht and prtssengertrafficre- Black, the Edisto, the Pedee, the Lynch, and the Little Pedee, turned to the customary depots. River fwiness was extraordinarily they were reported as passin in great numbers almost daily. Freight active; wharves and wharf boats were crowded to their utmost ca city in large quantities was also siipped, including more fertilizers than for with freight for shi menton the fine stage of water. On the 4trun- many yearspast. There was little damage .reported from overflow or precedented rainfad occurred, causing a tumultuous rush of water in washouts on highlands. At Cheraw on the 8th and lGth there wae the small streams around Cincinnati and rapidly bringing about a local slight damage to the oat crop from flooding of lowland!;., A few cattle flood of a much more destructive character than that of the preceding were drowned in the lowlands at St. Stephens from the --d to the 26th. month. All the valleys on the northern side of the Ohio were in- The continued freshets in the lower sections during February and undated; railroads suffered washouts and other damage; buildin March have seriously interfered with work on the rice lands which bridges, and other property were swept away and many towns Iarg3; can not be drained for preparation of the soil. In consequence rice submerged. At Cincinnati the Ohio suddenly responded to the ex- planting will be delayed from fifteen to twenty-five days. Many plant- traordinary rise of the usually sluggish and unimportant streams and ers are contemplating the use of turbines and steam pumps to drain rose very rapidly. The river came to B stand at 13.3 feet at 8 a. m. on their rice lands. the 6th. On the 8th the river began rising again, with prospect of The Savannah River was at its best for navigation purposes from the another serious freshet. The water passed the dan er line (45 feet) 1st to the 7th, and from the 18th to the end of the month, while from at 10 p. m. on the 9th. Cellars of business houses in &e bottoms were the 8th to 17th there was too much water to permit the maintenance again flooded b backwater from the sewers, but timely warnings had of regular boat schedules. The rainfall over the watershed was un- been given an2no serious low was sustained. The water rose to 50.1 usual1 heavy during the month, but fortunately no concentrated by 8 p. m. of the llth, where it remained stationar until 2 p. m. of the period of heavy rain prevailed, except from the 12th to 14th; from lah, after which it fell very slowly throughout tie remainder of the the effects of the latter the river advanced close to 13 feet at Au usta. month. The decline afterwards wm less rapid than usual, due to the afmost The month o ened with a depth of 34.6 feet of water in the canal dail addition of light rains. at Louisville. !his was rapidly reduced until the 11th wheqthe stage Tze excessive rains at various periods during the month causedsome of water had fallen to the danger line, near which it remained upti1 serious rises and damage to pro erty on several of the Georb‘ria rivers. the 15th. After this date it fell rapidly, and on the Slst had reached The eriod of heaviest rainfaly was between the 5th and 15th in the nn average stage. The excessive rains of the 5th and 6th swelled the nortfern section and between the 19th and 22d farther south. The smaller tributaries of the Ohio, especially those coming in from the water was above the danger line on the Oostanaula River at Resaca on northern side of the stream, and resulted in great damage to railroads the 15th and 16th; on the Ocniulgee at Macon on the 13th, 14th, and through wwhoiita, impeding and in some instances causing the complete 16th; on the Chattnhooche at Eufaula on the the 151h, and ?3d to 26th; suspension of traffic to all northern points for more than a week. It at Columbus on the 14th and 15th. At Eufaula the stage was 50 feet wasnot until toward the close of the month that traffic was fully on the 2th, which is the highest since 1888, when 60 feet was reached. resumed over dl the lines entering Louisville. A rainfall of 8.27 inches occurred between 4.45 p. m. on the ?1st and At Evansville, Mount Vernon, and Cairo the river was above the 12.30 a. m. on the Bd, and the river rose 30 feet in twenty-four hours. dan er line the entire month. At Paducah the dan er line was paseed Mobils Rim und b*onohcs. (Reported b F. P. Chaffee, Montgomery, on t%e 3d and the river continued above it to the cfose of the month. Ala., and W. M. Dudley, Mobile, Ala.)-%avigable stages ,revailed in The maximum stage reached at Paducah was 50.9 feet on the %th, flve the Alabama and tributaries during the entire month. ber heavy days after 0ood warnings had been issued b the Weather Bureau. At rainfalls on the Gth, amounting to 8.~6inches in twenty-four Kours at Cairo the maximum stage reached was 61.0 Let on the %th, the h’ hest Selma, 4.82 at Montgomery, and 6.9.1 at Wetumpka, with general but point reached since February, 1884. All the lower portions of Pa%ucah not so heavy rainfall over the northern portion of the watershed, were submerged but no houses of any account were destroyed or mate- c8uw.d sudden and rapid rise in the rivers. Heavy and general rains rially damaged. A few shanty boats in the locality known as “Ikg- at intervals caused a continuance uf the high waters throughout the town,” in the vicinity of Paducah, were sunk or washed away. The month. It was slightly above danger line at many stations and Lanners, bein forewarned by the Weather Bureau, removed their reached 41.6 feet at Selma on the 2Gth. Lowlands were generally over- stock and ro&xe. to places of safety. flowed, and from the 15th to 25th steamers refused freight for any but AlthougE no breaks have occurred in the levees rotecting Cairo, hi h water landings. seep water, au mented by rains and waste water since tie closing of the &he Tombi bee River and its tributaries were falling up to and in- sewer outleta,%asincreased until; at the close of the month, it is within cluding the fth; on the 6th general and excessive rains fell over the 10 inches of the sidewalks of the graded streets. Many one-story State the least re orted being 1.20 inch at Warrior on the Black houses in the lower portion of the city have had to be vacated. The Wadior River. TIese excessive rainfalls flowed off rapidly into the seaeral railroad companiea centering at Cairo have been put to con- rivers causing decided rises by the morning of the 6th at all points. siderable ex ense protecting their properties; settling of embankments, The rike at Tuscaloosa, Ala., was 38.5 feet,.and gave a stage of 64.8 feet; washing of fevees, and overflowing of tracks have been of frequent the river rises very rapidly at this point, owing to ita narrownessand the occurrence. Thousands of sacks of sand have been used to repair steepness of ita banks. The rains which occurred at short intervals embankments, etc. The farming interests will suffer greatly, all the have kept the rivers at high sta es throughout the month and naviga- bottoms not protected by levees being submer ed. tion has been an easy matter; afar e shi ping business has been done Tenaeesw and C‘rmbsrland Ibwra. (Re rted fy L. M. Pindell, Chatta- which is gratifying to river men, wsose goats were tied up during the nooga, Tenn., and H. C. Bate, Nashvig, Term.)-The month opened unusual1 low water of the winter just wed. with the Tennessee falling from the hFadwaters to Bridge rt and Ohw &wr and bmvbclbs. (Reported %y F. Ridgway, Pittsburg, Pa.; rising over the lower river. General nuns set in on the Zbpeausing Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/24/21 12:08 PM UTC MARCH,1897. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 06

the river to rise to 23.5 feet at Chattanooga on the Sth, when the rainr feet. The overflow of the Black, La Crosse, and Root rivers, together became heavy and cawed a further rise to 38.2 feet on the 14th; it ther with the runnin ice, did considerable damage to bridges and seriously fell until the 19th, when heavy rains occurred amin, causing the rivei crippled railrodtraffic. On the 29th the ice was all out of the Missis- to rise to 33.3 feet by the 22d. Never before in the history of the Ten. sippi River in front of La Crosse. new River have there been four distinct rises inside of thirty days The ice went out at Davenport on the llth, and at Dubu ue on the or three rises to such high stage in any one month. During the high 19th; it held in Lake Pepin until the end of the month. Javigation water special observations were obtained from all the river stations, was opened to Davenport on the 23d, the first steamboat of the seaaon and the information was thoroughly bulletined and given to the public leaving for Burlington on that date.. By the end of the month naviga- 80 complete was the warning that no loss, worth speaking of, occurred tion was opened aa far north as Lake Pe in, though considerable floab in Chattanooga; no one moved unnecessarily, and no one was com. ing ice was running in the river from Crosse northward until the pelled to move in water. The oftice force remained on duty from i 29th and 30th. The gorge, formed earlyA in the winter at the mouth of a. m. of the 13th to 11 p. m. of the lMi, taking frequent re'adings 04 the Chippewa, went out the lest of the month and carried with it three the river and posting them in the flooded districts. Between the head. or four million feet of logs, which had been carried down the Chi waters and Bridgeport the highest water occurred between the 10th pewa at the time the gorge formed and been brought down by hi % and 11th; between Florence and Paducah from the 19th to 31st. At water and collected there more recently. The month closed with %e Florence the river reached 32.5 feet at midnight on the l9th, which river at a good stage and rising. exceeds all previous rises. At Lower Muscle Shoals the water was Ice had ceased running at Keokiik on the 6th, but on the 13th heavy over the gauge from the 20th to 24th. On the 19th the operator at gorge ice began running, presumably from Biirlington and Keithsburg, Riverton Junction sent word that he could not raise Riverton aa the where the ice goywere broken on the 12th. On the 16th navigation telegraph wires were under water. Over the lower river from Flor- was opened bv t e stearner Crescmt City, resuming regular trips to ence to Paducah the flood has no equal, higher stages being reached Quincy, Ill. A steady rise began in the Mississippi after March 9, than during any previous flood as far as known. which was incremed after the 32d by a flood coming out of the Des The tributaries were navigable during the entire month but at ancl Moines River which swelled the Mississip i south of the Des Moines, below Chattanooga navigation of the Tennessee was impeded by hi h and overflowed exposed lowlands without going any material damage. water from the 17th of the month, aa landings could not bema% The highest sta e was reached at Keokuk on the morning of the 28th. safely. After the 25th navigation was resumed down the river as far There was stii some ice runnin past Hannibal as late aa the 16th; as Florence. The high and back waters have flooded lowlands and the laat seen at Et. Louis was on Be 2d. Owing to heavy rains there retarded planting of crops. Considerable damage to small bridges and was a steady rise in thia portion of the river during the early days of railroad trestles dong the lines of small streams occurred near Knox- the month, amounting to 9 feet at St. Louisto a stageof 21.0 feet on the ville. At Florence, on the morning of the Igth, the river was 31.6 7th. From this time to the middle of the month the river fell. The feet; both the Meniphis and Charleston Railroad ancl the Louisville and rise of the latter half of the month overflowed the bottom lands from Nashville Railroad tracks were under water between the bridge and Keokuk to Alton. On the 24th the inhabitants of the lowlands near the depot. Traffic by road ancl rail between Florence and 8hefTield Quincy began to move oiit and precautiom were taken to protect the was cut off by water. The rain which began on the Bd continued up Indian Grave levees. On the 25th the bottom lands below Louisiana to the 234 with slight intermission. commenced to be flooded and the people prepared .to move to hieher At the beginning of March the Cumberland River was falling steadily ground. On the 87th the Mississippi water backed mto the Fox River throughout its length. General and copious rains on the 3d and 3d md began to overflow lowlands about Alexandria, Mo. B the 28th started a rise in the upper divisions on the 4th and lower on the 6th most of the lowlands between La Grange and Hannibal, a 8istance of which continued ractically without interruption until the 17th to 3th, 38 miles, were flooded, as were also the bottom lands near Burlington and gave one of tie longest eriods of high water known in years and and some farm lands on the Missouri side opposite Alton, Ill. On thia caused an immense loss to Business interests. The danger line wae date the river at Quincy was 7 miles wide. Farmers were devoting wedat Carthage on the 10th and Nashville on the 14th, and the their time to moving and saving stock and great efforts were being put maximum of 46 feet was recorded at Carthage on the 16th and that forth to protect the levees. Between the 98th and 31st there was a of 49 feet at Nashville on the 20th. This is the highest water at Nash. slight fall in the water and extreme danger was averted for the time. ville since March 14, ISM. After the 20th the fall was steady and rapid Under the influence of the sanie hem rains the Illinois River wasalso in the upper sections but moderate in the lower river, and the month decidedly at flood stage after the lSt<, and in a few days was 3 miles cloeed with the lowest water of the month but plenty for navigation. wide at Beardstown and about as wide at Virginia. It had overflowed MWpsRim and minor branch. (Reported by P. F. Lyons, St. all lowlands to ita mouth and was fitill at a very high flood stage at the Paul, Minn.; M. J. Wright, Jr., La Crosse, Wis.; F. J. Wale, Daven- close of the month. ort Iowa; F. Z. Gosewisch. Keokuk, Iowa; H. C. Frankenfield, St. From St. Louis to Cairo a good stag of water was maintained durin &,&, Mo.; S. C. Emer Memphis, Tenn.; R. J. Hyatt, Vicksburg, the entire month. From Cairo to Mem his flood conditions prevailei Miss.; R. E. Kerkam, &w Orleans, La.; and C. Davis, Shrtweport, near1 the whole time. The bottoms song both banks of the river La.)-The Mississippi River at 8t. Paul remained frozen until the 97th, have teen submerged, except where the levees were held, and even when the ice began to weaken and move out, and b the !!%h the river then back water from the breake have covered a considerable portion was practically open. River gauge readings coudnot be accurately of the country 1 ing along the river. At certain ints between Cairo made until the 20th; prior to this date, from observations of the ice and Mem his tie land ia high and is never overB" owed under any con- field and other conditions, the average stage of water was estimated to ditions. ghese places are dry for a distance of about 3 miles along the be about 2.7 feet on the gauge. On the 20th the ice had sufficiently river. At Ti tonville, Tenn.. there is about 13 miles of dry bank, and melted along the bank near the gauge to admit of accurate readings Crom Fort PiRow to Fulton, Tenn., there is about 13 miles of bluff. and so the regular record was commenced on that day with a gau The month opened with the stage of water at Memphis only 5.5 feet reading of 3.9 feet; a steady rise of nearly a foot a day followed to tg below the dan r line, andrising at the rate of about 1 footaday. morning of the 31st, when 13.5, or 0.5 of a foot below danger line, was This rise, whicfwas first felt at Mem his on February 26, continued registered. The prospect for a flood has commenced to excite some steadily up to the leh of March, resutting ip the most extensive and alarm among dwellers in the flats about the river front. The high destructive overflow in the histor of this section. AB early aa the 15th, water waa evidently due to the meltin$ of snow and ice along the water- and from that time to the enJ of the month, a considerable por- sheds of the Minnesota and that pohon of the upper Missiesi pi ex- tion of that section of Arkansas and Miasour1 borderin on the river tendin half way from St. Paul to its source. Durin the ear& part and extending from Cairo to Helena was flooded. At %emphis the of Aprs it is usual to get the rest of the snow water tiat further adds river was about 40 mjles in width. From the foot of Chickasaw bluff, to the flood, but most of the water so far is evidently due to the di& upon which Memphis stands, to the hlgh ground on Crowleys Ridge, char e from the Minnesota River. in Arkansas, there was one sheet of water. The people inhabitmg At%a Croase the channel of the Mississippi was free from ice a con- the overflowed district were forced to abandon their homes, in many siderable portion of the month, although on the 15th the average xes leaving their belongings behind and gladly escaping with their thickness of the ice was 5 inches. The ice was cut from the piers of ives The work of rescue was carried on as rapidly as possible, and the Mississippi wagon bridge on this date as a recautionary measure, ?very available steamer was ressed into the service. It is estimated and the river gauge readings were also resumezat the same time. On .hat 6,0@0people and 1,200 Read of stock were brought to Memphis the 18th and 19th Root River reached an unusually high stage, over- rlone and many were carried to other places. Great suffering re- flowing in places and damaging some buildings, crops, and live stock, railed: in the s rsely settled sections, owing to the difficulty of fin&, and interfering with railroad traffic. The La Crosse River reached an md reachin tEimprisoned people, m&py of whom were exposed to unusually high stage during the middle of the month. It overtlowed be rain an% cold for a considerable t!me before being diecovered. its banks in many laces, the water covering some farmin lands and Fortunatel the number of deaths resulting from the flood is believed bottoms. The higg temperature of the 17th to 19th mefted a la e D be small The money lose can not be estimated. The people occu- quantity of snow and ice, and, as the ground waa frozen, most of 20 lying the inundated dist+ts are largely colored, an! their posewione water found ita way to the rivers. The ice broke up and began run- tre of small value; but the aggre ate low in that direction while not ning in the Mississippi at 2 p. m. of the 29th. A considerable amount arge, falls heavily on them. Tfe destruction of railroad property, of lo and driftwood was in the river during the last days of the he delay of trains and total abandonment of some lines, the suspen- montf. The river fell on the 28th and Bth, presumably due to an ice lion of business, damage to plantations, and the i-nabilit to plant the gorge above, but from noon of the 29th to 8 a. m. of the 30th it rose 1.3 iwon's crop will be a serious loss to this sechon. !&e steamboat Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/24/21 12:08 PM UTC 96 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. MARCE,1897 interesta have also suffered from the flood, owing to the fact that bu pared for the flood and many had moved to high land. At Williston fewtlandin s could be made, and those mostly by small boats, and tc the water beean running on the 29th and at the close of the month the the neraf stagnation in business which necessarily prevails through ice was movin some along the banks, but the main body still re- out %e entire valley. Durin the laat ten da s of the month the sea mained firm an%unbroken. At Pierre the ice went out on the night of danger was south of Mem %is, in Tunica, iolivar, and Washingtor of the Bth, leaving the river clear at that point. On the 11th anmice counties in Mississi pi, and Lence southward to Vicksburg. Througl: gorge formed in Floyd River, which enters t ie Missouri at Sioux My; three crevassesin zolivar County there flowed an immense stream oj the gorge caused the water to overflnw the Floyd bottoms and caused muddy water threateningtocover thepeater portion of the Yazoo Delta great uneasiness at Sioux City but the gorge gave wa in the late after- and the month closed with no indication of an abatement of the flood noon and the water ran out w’ithout doing any considkrable damage. The river at Memphis during the first decade in Mwh gained 6 feel The ice in the Missouri River at Sioux City broko up and ran out on and reached the danger line at 11 a. m. on the 9th. At 31 feet thf the -%h without damage. At the close of the month much bottom flats were entirely covered and at 31.8 feet, which was reached on tha land in the neighborhood of Sioux City is again covered by water. 7th, the water went over the banks on the Arkansas side. On the 12th Both the Big Sioux and Missouri rivers are greatly swollen and are Hopefield Ark., which is o posite Memphis, was submerged at 8 nsing. The James River is especially troublesbme above Vermilion. gauge reding of 34.7 feet. it noon of the 13th the water reached Many milea of railroad track are under water and the trains will not be 35.6 feet, which is the highest pt$revioualy recorded at that place running regularly again for many days. Channel ice began break- At that stage the lowlands on t e Ar ansas side were covered for 2( ing at Omaha on the 15th. On the 16th the ice broke and moved-out miles inland. From the 13th to the 19th the average rise was aboul without damage or causing alarm. From the 16th to the f3d the nver 0.4 of a foot daily when owing to a break in the levee near Nodena was full of running ice, and on the latter date the river reached the the river came to a stad with a auge reading of 37.1 feet at Mem his highest stage, 15 feet. After that date the river continued clear of ice which is 1.5 feet above the higfest ever known and 4.1 feet aiovc and fell slow1 but steadily. At the close of the month the stage of danger line. The water remained stationary for three days and them water at Om& was 10.8 feet. A orge, which had formed just below began to fall very slowly, the fall up to the close of the month being the mouth of the Platte River at $lattsmouth, gave way on the loth, 0.9 of a foot. On the 19th at 3.30 p. m. the gauge at Beal street, where and the ice in the rjver at that oint broke up and ran out without all previous readings had been taken, waa carried away, making il doin an damage. J!he river at blattsmouth was clear of ice and fall- neceesary to use the gauge at Elevator A. This gauge, owing to an ing sfow6 at the end of the month. An ice gorge that had formed at eddy, reads 0.6 feet higher than the one at Bed street and therefora the railroad bridge at St. Joseph gave way during the forenoon of the in order to make the figures harmonize with those previously an. 5th and moved out without causing damage. On and after the 17th nounced, 0.6 of a foot was deducted from the observed readings. the river at St. Joseph was clear of ice. From Memphis to Vicksburg the Mississi pi and tributaryriven At Kansas City the Missouri was clear of ice the entire month, with have been estremel high, reaching the hi Rest waters ever known the exception of the 2d to 4th and 9th to llth, when there was .some since the Weather Jureau records began &he most disastrous over. floating ice. It stood about the average stage for the season until the flow of record occurred the latter part of‘ the month by crevasses in 18th, when it began to rise rapidly, reaching 18.2 feet on the morning the levees of the Yazoo Delta, causing loss of stock, crops, and othei of the 25th, 2.8 feet below the danger line; after that date it fell slowly property, and the suspension of railroad traffic, but fortunately no lose to 14.9 feet at the close of the month. There was no damage in thle of Me. The amount and extent of the disaster is inestimable .as the vicinity, but considerable anxiet was felt because of threatening re- country inundated is considered the garden spot of Mississippi if no1 ~tafrom Leavenworth and st. Soseph. The Missouri below Ram of the entire cotton region. Other crevasses were reported on the ity was practically free from ice during the entire month. During Arkam side which caused a like disaster to the counties north of the the early portion of the month, on account of heavy rains, there was a WhiteRiver. Much hardshipw-ill be the result of the floodsas the watei stead rise in all the rivers in that section. From the 4th to the 6th will hardly subside in time to raise a crop of cotton, the principal crop in the Jasconade at Arlington rose 8.5 feet, and from the 4th to the 7th this section. The timber interests were benefited by the hi h watei the Osage at Bagnell rose 20.9 feet. From the 9th to the 17th there which allowed much timber to be gotten to market. Travel by soat WM was a steady fall in the Missouri. the only means of reaching the river stations along the Mississippi. Arkansas Rim. (Re rted by J. J. O’Donnell, Fort Smith, Ark., and The new canal was used for a short eut to Yazoo Citv from Vicksburg. F. H. Clarke, Little Kk,Ark.)-A good navigable stage of water The Mississippi south of Vicksburg rose steadily from the 1st to the prevailed in the upper Arkansas River during the month, with easy close of the month, wing the dan er line at Vicksburg on the 16th access to all landings westward to Fort Gibson, of which advantage was and at New Orleans on the 27th. Tte condition at the end of the taken by shippin from Fort Smith several thousand bags of cotton month is extremely critical along this stretch of river and the levees seed for planting%esides other freight of a general character, but prin- are closely watched and strengthened at every point showing any ci Ily provisions and a large quantity of agricultural implements. weakness. A break in the levee occurred near Point a la Hache, be- Tgee nses occurred during the month, the second, which took lace low New Orleang, on the night of the 2lst. No great damage re- from the 17th to mth, being more marked from the mouth o? the sulted save that some truck and rice lands were submerged and the Canadian near Webers Falls, a rise of 10 feet between that point and oyster beds in that vicinity suffered. A break occurred in the Bayou Fort Smith did not exceed 6 feet between Webers Falls and Fort Gibson. Lafourche levee near Raceland on the 30th doing some local damage, The decline in the lower Arkansas River that set in on the laat day of but relieving the strain on the remaining levees. The levee system February continued interruptedly until March 5, when general rains from Vicksburg to New Orleans held remarkably well considering the in western Arkansas caused a rise. Cijntinued rains over the upper high stage between Vichburg and the mouth of the Red River. The watershed caused a further rise at Dardanelle and Little Rock from the rise at Vicksburg ranged from a 32.8 foot stage on the 1st to 49.4 on the Gth to the 9th. The river began falling at Fort Smith on the 9th, at 31st, and at New Orleans from 10.8 on the 1st to 17.1 on the 31st. Dardanelle on the loth, and at Little Rock on the llth, and continued The Red River rnse from a low stage during the early days of the to declino at all stations until the 18th, when, through moderately month to a moderately high stage at the close, the rise at Fnlton con- heavy rains in Oklahoma, Indian Territory, and Arkansas, the river tinuing from the 7th to 23d, at Shreveport from the 9th to 31st, and at began to rise quite rapidly, reachin its maximum stage of 21.4 feet at Alexandria from the 13th to 31st. The month opened with water in- Little Rock at 1p. m. of tho Zlst, king then but 1.6 feet below the sufficient for navigation on the upper river, but conditions changed danger line. It then declined steadily at all stations to the end of the uickl on account of general rains along the up rand central Red. month, except at Fort Smith, where a slight rise of about two feet OC- &nsii&rable anxiet was felt at this time, and E0 additional heavy curred on the 31st. During the last rise of the month some fears were Erecipitation near tKe middle of the month awakened grave appre- Entertained for the safety of levees on the lower river, but ample epsions about an overflow. At the close of the month the river was warning of expected rise was given and the levees so strengthened rism at the rate of about onehalf foot a day, but the alarm had that no break occurred. It is reported by the Levee Commissioners of 1 fysubsided. The Ouachita rose markedly between the 4th and the lower Arkansas that back water fi6m the Miaskippi River ascended -=at Camden, nearly reaching the danger line. The rise at Monroe the Arkansas River a distance of 95 miles by river from ita mouth. was steady and rapid from the 7th to the close of the month. Navigation was pursued uninterruptedly throughout +e month and 11ziseorUrr’Rhw and hnolrss. (Reported by L. A. Welsh, Omaha, Nebr., there waa no overflow in the Arkansas River exce tat ita mouth. and P. Connor,.Kanw City, Mo.)-From the 1st of the month to the Rima on the Paoijlo Coost. (Reported by W. H. hammon, San Fran- 15th the conditmns of the Mieeouri River from its headwaters to Yank- :iaco, Cal.; J. A. Barwick, Sacramento, Cal.; and B. S. Pague, Pqrtland, ton remained unchanged. By the 18th rains and melting snow through- Drep.)-From March 5 to 10 there was a moderate rise in the rivers of out South Dakota had combined to transfer the small rivers and creeks the Sacramento Valley, but no damage was done so far as known, mnce in that State into ragine; tovents that poured their flood into the Mis- the high water of the preceding month had already overflowed all the soun. On the 19th the ice in the river at Yankton waa covered by 10 tule lands. The Sacramento River at Sacramento haa ranged dumg feet of water, but still held firm. All traffic was suspended on the three March between 18.6 feet and 20.7 feet. There have been no breaks in railroads entering the city. The ice began breaking on the mth, but the levees and the water ie receding slowly from the tule baain, and as the general breaking up of the channel ice did not occur until the 2M. the ground dries out sufficiently for plowing it is bein put in condition The ice in the James River, which enters the Missouri just below €or planting. There still remain hundreds of acres of:tule lands under Yankton from the north, broke up on the 29th and began runnin out. water, and wil1,so remain until June or Jul . The “Jim” rose rapidly, covering the bottom lands of the &mea During the month the rivers of the Cofumbia Basin were slightl River valley from blutf to bid. The farmers in this valley were pre- above their nodMarch height, due to the excessive rainfall aril Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/24/21 12:08 PM UTC MARCH.1897 . MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 97

east of the Cascsde Mountains to the meltin of snow . Small streams. H&gW of rsaarS abow miof gaugsbContinued . which in summer are almost dry. overilowetf their banks Little or no . .. . R These small streams caused the Snake -4 dam e. however. was done. High& Water . LoWest W8b. and Zlumbia to rise sli htly. but not sufficiently to cause alarm. Navi- :a $ion was uninterruptes during the entire month . The rivers were not . rozen. nor was there any floating ice . The Willamette had a marked [eighl Date. [eight Date. a:E! rise from the -3d. when in was 5.4 feet. to the 39th. when it was 11.8 ...... feet. This rise was due to the melting of snow in the foot hills in connection with general rain Moamgahda Rioer.Con . Mile8 Peel Feat . Feat . rw'sal. . Fairmnnt W . Va ...... 119 e 5.9 2s 1.6 18 4.a MOrgBntdWn w .Va ..... 95 20 18 .2 20 7.9 lei8 4.a Hdghh of nthWd abow Of gorcgsS. Mmch. 1897 . Greensboro ka...... 81 18 ' 12.8 20, 21 8.0 14-10 4.8 ._ . Lock No. 4 Pa...... 40 28 15.1 6 8.0 18 7.a 0 Chd6 River . Rowlesburg. W .V8 ..... 86 14 6.0 ,7,19,20 2.6 18 4.2 8.6 c1$ Youghioghty River . La Confluence. 59 7 B 8.8 Oldt4DM ... Pa ...... 10 . 6 81 a.5 6.4 West Newton. Pa ...... 15 2a 8.a 6 1.8 18 8.8 6.2 sg! [eight Date Ieighl Date ii Tenm?esee RiW? . a . . z Knoxville. Tenn ...... 614 as 22.6 11 2.9 ai - -. . Rockwood. Tenn ...... 619 90 28.4 18 6.0 8.ai ChattaUOOg8. Tenn ...... (90 88 88.2 14 8.5 Y ai mR&d ipiwr. MUea Feet Feet . Feet . FMt Feet . Bridgeport Ma ...... 890 24 27.2 16 7.0 4:ai St. Paul. MI% ...... 1.984 14 18.5 81 a .g 90 ..... 9.6 Florence Ala ...... sa0 16 88.5 19 8.9 6 88.6 Reeds Landing Minn .... 1.864 12 ' 8.2 81 0.a 16 2.a 7.9 Johnsonhle Tenn ...... 61 31 48.a w 21.8 1 26.2 La crossfl .WiS.'b ...... 1. ?99 10 11.2 ai 8.3 18 ..... 7.9 Wabaeh'Riwr . North McGreyr. Iowa .. 1. 789 18 10 .4 ai 2.9 4-8 6.8 7.5 Terre Haute. Ind ...... 165 16 18.4 11 6.6 12.9 11.9 Dubnque. Iowfc ...... 1. 658 15 9.9 31 5.0 19 ..... 4.0 Mt . Carmel.II1...... 60 16 26.4 ia 12.4 20.6 14.0 Leclaire. IOW8 ...... 1.569 10 6.5 81 0.7 798 a .5 6.8 Red River 2i D8VeU rt IOW8 ...... I. ma 15 9.2 24 5.0 19 7.9 8.6 Arthur City. Tex...... 0 a? 81.4 80 8.0 w 8.1 18.4 Keoku~Idwa...... 1. 448 14 18 .4 2a 2.4 7 7.5 11.0 Fulton. Ark ...... 665 2a 28.6 ea 2.6 8-5 16 .a 26.0 Hmnib;l .Yo ...... 1.W 17 11.7 29 8.5 4 8.6 11.2 Shreveport. La ...... 449 89 19.2 ai -0.2 5 8.6 19.4 Grafton I11 ...... 1. aB1 zd 18.6 81 8.2 1 18.0 10.4 Alexandria, La ...... 189 89 21.8 81 2.0 18 8.9 18e. St. Lonfs.Mo...... 1. 241 i10 2.3.2 m.29 18.2 2 18.7 11.0 Atchqlalaya Riwr . Chester. Ill ...... l.l?O 80 90.0 29 9.2 8 16.4 10.8 Melville La ...... 1W ai 8a.8 81 a?.6 2 80.1 6.8 Cairo. I11 ...... 1. 078 .lo 51.0 28 41 .I 1 48.7 10.6 oct&hita River Memphis Tenn 88 27.4 1 84.5 9.7 ...... P!161 87.1 19-21 Camden Ark ...... 840 89 80.7 ea 6.4 4 21.1 82.a Helena Ark ...... 41 .w .9 81 84.8 1 w .7 16.1 Monroe 'La ...... 100 40 86.7 81 12.9 7 88.9 22.0' Arkanias Clt Ark ...... &35 48 61.9 29 85.0 I 41.6 16.9 lJazoo Biwr . Greemviile As ...... 595 40 JG.7 29 80.2 1 88.8 16.6 Y8200 Cit Miss ...... 80 25 26.0 ai 14.0 1.2 19.6 12.0 Vioksburp: Miss ...... 474 41 49.4 81 a2 .E 1 41.6 16.6 To))l&h River. New Orle8IlS .La ...... 108 16 17.1 81 11.2 1 13.9 5.9 Columbus Miss ...... !a5 88 81.9 88 -0.6 a 18.0 88.5 A+h?MaE Rim. Demopoll; Ala ...... 155 85 64.8 29 7.7 6 a9 .1 47.1 ~ . Fort Smith Ark ...... a45 I 17.0 a0 4.4 5 9.6 12.6 Black Warrior River . DaflaUellE' Ark ...... 250 21 18.4 90 . 4.5 4 10.8 18.9 Cordova A18 ...... 165 90 82 .a 7 4.0 so, ai 12.9 88.0 Little Rock) Ark ...... 170 ea 21.4 21 6.6 6 is .5 14.8 Tuscalodsa. Ma ...... 90 88 54 .E 8 8.6 a 84.0 46.2 Whils' River . Alobatno River. Newport. Ark ...... 150 21 2i. 9 I 6.2 4 19.9 21.7 Montgomery. Ala ...... a85 86 88 .a 16 6.6 4 28.0 82.6 Illinok Riwr . Selma. Ala ...... 212 85 41.6 a6 9.6 5 81.7 a.0 P0Od8 111 ...... 1% 14 18.8 24-8 12.6 6 15.6 6.7 Co0.w Rim. diaKnbri Riwr . Rome G8 ...... 2% 80 2a.E 15 8.1 a 19.8 20.7 Bismarck N .Dak .t ..... 1. 901 14 ...... wilsobville. AI^ ...... 66 15 12 .Il 15 4.1 4 9.a 8.8 Pierre R.bak. t ...... 1. 008 14 ...... Tallapoosa River . Sioux hty Iowa ...... 618 19 14.8 21 8.8 80 ..... 5.5 Sturdevant. Ala ...... 69 15 11.0 18 1.2 8-5 6.4 9.8 Omaha.Nebr ...... 661 18 15.0 ea 8.1 10.8 6.9 8avanmh Riwr . K8nllaS Clt MO ...... 2m 21 18.2 25 7.ti 8-10 11.1 10.7 Augusta.. C?8 ...... 180 82 aJ .2 16 9.2 0 14.0 16.0 Boonvllle a0 ...... 191 90 11.8 as 7.6 2-4 10.8 7.7 Eddrsto River. Herman .Mo ...... 95 21 12.6 6 5.a 2 9.8 7.a Edlsto S . C ...... 75 6 5.7 15 4.8 12 6.a 0.9 Ohb Rim. C&igareeRiver . 966 es 18.7 7 6.4 2 10.8 ia .a ColUmbl8 8 . c ...... 8 15 12.0 16 1.4 6 4.8 10.6 960 26 17.4 7 7.2 2 11.2 10.3 8an'tss Rim? . Whding. W .v8 ...... m a6 2a .0 7 8.9 a 16.1 19.1 8t.Ste liens S C ...... 50 12 11.6 2a 8.8 is, ia 9.8 a. a [email protected] Ohio ...... 196 2!i 29.7 8 10.6 8 17.8 19.2 d'atwd iimr. Parkersdnrg w . v8 ..... ?a6 85 80.3 8 11.0 2. a 18.8 19.8 ...... 4!5 1.8 15 7.0 6 14.8 18.8 POht PiE888)nt w .V8.s. ?oa a6 88.5 9 14.6 8 M. a 19.0 w C8tkdtSbUrg d ...... 651 50 48.0 11 19.5 495 ai.0 28.5 60 l2 9.9 6 8.0 ai 8.9 Portsmouth bdo ...... 612 50 45.6 11 88.2 5 a. 7 23.4 1.9 ~nOhl8tiOhio. 499 45 55.6 1 80.2 ai 40 1.4 ...... a Cheraw 8 . C ...... a 145 27 29.5 15 1.4 80 14.4 26 .1 Louisville ky ...... w)? 24 84.6 1 10.8 81 19.9 zd .8 Lhch Creak . Evansvill~Ind ...... 184 80 48.6 s. a a9 .8 ai 40.0 11.8 Efangham S C 85 18 la .a 7.8 it 10.2 4.5 Mount Verhon.Ind ...... 148 85 45.1 16 85.2 81 42.4 9.9 ...... 1, = PadUO8h Ky Lam& Riwr ...... 47 40 €0.9 24. 25 88.0 1 46.4 12.9 Fairbluff. N .C ...... 10 6 6.6 1-8 6.0 81 5.9 1.6 Alle&ny River . Wacmnaw Rinsr W~ReU.Pa 6 ...... 177 7 8.6 11 1.0 2 .1 7.6 cOUW8y. 8 .c ...... 40 7 7.8 7, 8 4.6 ai 6.4 .2.7 slaty P8 ...... 198 18 10.4 11 2.6 2s 8 1.8 7.8 Calm Pear Rim. Parh~r.'Pa...... 78 20 12.7 7 a .6 2 7. 8 9.2 Fapettedlle N C 7.2 80. 81 rt. Pa ...... a6 90 90.7 6 6.9 2 11.8 14.8 ...... 100 88 85.6 16. 17 17.6 80.4 e%emau h Rkrs+ JlWlhW(RIOc*. . L ohbnr .V 8...... 257 18 6.6 15 1.8 ai 8.0 8.8 JOhnStOWU. g8 ...... 61 7 8.5 6 2. 2 2 8.8 6.8 &~hDlOll#Va...... 110 l2 8. 7 17. 21 0.5 81 2.0 8.8 Red Bank Creek. PobhRim? . Brookville Pa ...... 85 8 4.8 6 1.6 ao. ai 2. 2 a .P Beam& River. ... 170 16 7. 6 21 a. 4 894 6.1 4.2 EIlWnood Junction P8 ... 10 14 6.6 7 1.6 18 2.7 4.9 ...... 178 14 18.0 'a6 1.0 8 6.1 12.0 . Big 8andw Ri& . 70 11.6 26 8.2 8.8 bUiS8. Ky ...... a6 90 82.2 11 6.2 81 14.5 26.0 ...... 17 a 7.1 Cumberland Rim. 68 10 6.6 7 1.5 1.2 a.4 4.0 Barnside. Ky ...... 494 60 48.1 11 6.1 80 17.4 4s .0 I 90 11.8 25 1 8 8.1 Tenn ...... 251 80 46.1 I6 7.7 80 26.0 88.4 a . 7.2 Tenn ...... 175 40 8.7 81 18.8 . ai 82.6 84.9 24 6.a ?A%%.Ormt Kanawha River . 80 6.9 6 4.0 2 a.9 Chsrlerton. W .Va ...... 61 80 14.0 21 6.2 ai 9.0 7.8 Redbluff. Cal ...... 241 85 18.6 1 4.6 22 7.0 9.0 New Riwr. Woramento. Cai ...... 70 as 80.7 8 18.6 25a 19.8 2.1 ...... 168 14 6.6 11 1.1 80.81 2.1 4.6 WUlametls Rim. 95 14 7.6 15 2.8 ai 4.6 4.7 Engene. Oreg ...... 149 10 12.4 26 4.0 7.8 6.6 8.4 Albany Oreg ...... 99 '90 17.6 a? 6.a 4 8.1 12.2 a0 a5 17.6 10 2.8 80 7. 8 14.8 Salem Ore. 8 ...... 69 90 16.5 26 5.4 7 8.2 11.1 Portlthd 10 15 11.8 24 2.9 15 6.9 8.9 69 18 16 6 2.0 1 4.6 14 . reg ...... a .a . .. .- Dist8UOe the Of Mexico wen .Frozen 'I )zan WWbU v8 161 18 4.0 18 0.0 14.11-i 1.0 4.0 to GUM . tl . 19 . bFrozen1-: . .w ...... 17. 81 ! 1.18 . d Frozen 1.11 .

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