Congressional Budget Justification Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Home , American Spaces, Gau (territory), IFAD Vietnam

FISCAL YEAR 2022 This page intentionally left blank. Congressional Budget Justification Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Table of Contents

Statement of the Secretary of State i

Summary Budget Table 1 Statement of Performance 4

DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND RELATED AGENCIES

I. Department of State

A. Administration of Foreign Affairs Diplomatic Programs 16 Consular and Border Security Programs 26 IT Central Fund 32 Working Capital Fund 35 Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance 36 Office of Inspector General 37 Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs 38 Representation Expenses 42 Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service 43 Buying Power Maintenance Account 44 Protection of Foreign Missions and Officials 45 Repatriation Loans Program Account 47 Payment to the American Institute in Taiwan 47

B. International Organizations Contributions to International Organizations 48 Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities 51

C. International Commissions (Function 300) International Boundary and Water Commission IBWC – Salaries and Expenses 54 IBWC – Construction 54 International Fisheries Commissions 55 American Sections International Joint Commission 57 International Boundary Commission 57 Border Environment Cooperation Commission 57 D. Related Programs The Asia Foundation 58 East-West Center 59 National Endowment for Democracy 60

E. Trust Funds Center for Middle Eastern-Western Dialogue 61 Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship 62 Israeli Arab Scholarship Program 63 International Chancery Center 64 Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund 65

F. Related Agencies U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM) International Broadcasting Operations 66 Broadcasting Capital Improvements 66 United States Institute of Peace 67

FOREIGN OPERATIONS AND RELATED PROGRAMS

Summary Table 68

II. United States Agency for International Development USAID Operating Expenses 70 USAID Capital Investment Fund 71 USAID Office of Inspector General Operating Expenses 72

III. Bilateral Economic Assistance

A. Bilateral Economic Assistance Global Health Programs 73 Development Assistance 78 International Disaster Assistance 84 Transition Initiatives 85 Complex Crises Fund 86 Economic Support Fund 87 Democracy Fund 91 Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia 92 Migration and Refugee Assistance 95 Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance 97

B. Independent Agencies Peace Corps 98 Millennium Challenge Corporation 100 Inter-American Foundation 102 U.S. African Development Foundation 103

C. Department of the Treasury International Affairs Technical Assistance 104 IV. International Security Assistance International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement 105 Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs 110 Peacekeeping Operations 114 International Military Education and Training 116 Foreign Military Financing 118 Special Defense Acquisition Fund 121

V. Multilateral Assistance Multilateral Development Banks 122

VI. Export and Investment Assistance Export-Import Bank of the United States 127 U.S. Trade and Development Agency 128 U.S. Development Finance Corporation 129

COMMERCE, JUSTICE, SCIENCE, AND RELATED AGENCIES International Trade Commission 132 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission 133

ACCOUNT TABLES

Global Health Programs-USAID 135 Global Health Programs-State 137 Development Assistance 139 Economic Support Fund 142 Assistance to Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia 145 Humanitarian Assistance Accounts 146 International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement 147 Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs 150 Peacekeeping Operations 154 International Military Education and Training 155 Foreign Military Financing 159 International Organizations and Programs 161

Additional volumes to follow:

Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1: Department of State Diplomatic Engagement Fiscal Year 2022

Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 2: Foreign Operations Fiscal Year 2022

Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 3: Status of Open Government Accountability Office (GAO) and Office of the Inspector General (OIG) Recommendations: Department of State and US Agency for International Development i

DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT and FOREIGN ASSISTANCE REQUEST FY 2020 - FY 2022

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (Function 150 Account) Only 48,718,188 8,000,000 [2,365,000] 56,718,188 49,444,562 8,000,000 [5,270,000] [10,800,000] 57,444,562 63,676,803 6,147,241

Total - State Department and USAID (including Function 300) 44,586,199 8,000,000 [2,277,000] 52,586,199 45,056,262 8,000,000 [5,150,000] [10,800,000] 53,056,262 58,519,562 5,378,300

DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT & RELATED ACCOUNTS 12,430,870 3,947,543 [588,000] 15,534,717 12,836,083 3,547,420 [450,000] [204,000] 16,383,503 18,166,206 1,782,703

DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT 11,587,174 3,947,543 [588,000] 15,534,717 11,997,826 3,547,420 [450,000] [204,000] 15,545,246 17,320,510 1,775,264

Administration of Foreign Affairs 9,172,846 2,862,647 [588,000] 12,035,493 9,321,178 2,745,186 [450,000] [204,000] 12,066,364 12,892,175 465,688

State Programs 6,710,322 2,376,122 [583,000] 9,086,444 7,280,491 1,865,999 [300,000] [204,000] 9,146,490 9,939,552 432,939

Diplomatic Programs 6,570,822 2,376,122 [309,923] 8,946,944 7,030,491 1,865,999 - [204,000] 8,896,490 9,490,672 234,059

4, 5 Ongoing Operations 5,101,045 - [309,923] 5,101,045 5,135,714 - - - 5,135,714 5,414,773 279,059 Worldwide Security Protection 1,469,777 2,626,122 - 4,095,899 1,894,777 2,226,122 - - 4,120,899 4,075,899 (45,000) Worldwide Security Protection (permissive transfer of unobligated balances to EDCS per COVID/CARES Act supps) (250,000) - (250,000) - (360,123) - - (360,123) - NA - Capital Investment Fund 139,500 - - 139,500 250,000 - - - 250,000 448,880 198,880 Consular Border Security Programs - - [273,077] - - - [300,000] - - 320,000 320,000 Sudan Claims Resolution ------[150,000] - - - - Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance 1,551,362 181,625 - 1,732,987 1,126,162 824,287 - - 1,950,449 1,983,149 32,700 Ongoing Operations 769,800 - - 769,800 769,055 - - - 769,055 850,722 81,667 Worldwide Security Upgrades 781,562 424,087 - 1,205,649 357,107 824,287 - - 1,181,394 1,132,427 (48,967) Worldwide Security Upgrades (PY Unobligated Balance Recission) (242,462) - (242,462) ------

Other Administration of Foreign Affairs 911,162 304,900 [5,000] 1,216,062 914,525 54,900 - 969,425 969,474 49 Office of the Inspector General 90,829 54,900 - 145,729 90,829 54,900 - - 145,729 146,358 629 Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs 730,700 - [5,000] 730,700 740,300 - - - 740,300 741,300 1,000 Representation Expenses 6,852 - - 6,852 7,415 - - - 7,415 7,415 - Protection of Foreign Missions and Officials 30,890 - - 30,890 30,890 - - - 30,890 30,890 - Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Services or going into EDCS OCO. 17,885 250,000 - 267,885 7,885 - - - 7,885 8,885 1,000 Buying Power Maintenance Account ------Repatriation Loans Program Account 1,300 - - 1,300 2,500 - - - 2,500 1,300 (1,200) Payment to the American Institute in Taiwan 31,963 - - 31,963 31,963 - - - 31,963 32,583 620 International Chancery Center 743 - - 743 2,743 - - - 2,743 743 (2,000) - - International Organizations 1,915,193 1,084,896 - 3,000,089 2,159,908 802,234 - - 2,962,142 3,591,542 629,400 Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) 1,377,566 96,240 1,473,806 1,409,688 96,240 - - 1,505,928 1,662,928 157,000 Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) 537,627 988,656 1,526,283 750,220 705,994 - - 1,456,214 1,928,614 472,400

Related Programs 335,700 - - 335,700 339,700 - - - 339,700 339,700 - The Asia Foundation 19,000 - 19,000 20,000 - - - 20,000 20,000 - National Endowment for Democracy 300,000 - 300,000 300,000 - - - 300,000 300,000 - East-West Center 16,700 - 16,700 19,700 - - - 19,700 19,700 - - Trust Funds 639 - - 159,539 416 - - - 416 469 53 Center for Middle Easter-Western Dialogue 245 - - 245 204 - - - 204 180 (24) Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program 270 - - 270 93 - - - 93 170 77 Israeli Arab Scholarship Program 124 - - 124 119 - - - 119 119 - Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund (non-add) 158,900 - - 158,900 158,900 - - - 158,900 158,900 -

1 DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT and FOREIGN ASSISTANCE REQUEST FY 2020 - FY 2022

International Commissions (Function 300) 162,796 - - 162,796 176,624 - - - 176,624 176,624 - International Boundary and Water Commission - Salaries and Expenses 48,170 - - 48,170 49,770 - - - 49,770 51,970 2,200 International Boundary and Water Commission - Construction 36,900 - - 36,900 49,000 - - - 49,000 46,800 (2,200)

American Sections 15,008 - - 15,008 15,008 - - - 15,008 15,008 - International Joint Commission 9,802 - - 9,802 10,802 - - - 10,802 10,802 - International Boundary Commission 2,304 - - 2,304 2,304 - - - 2,304 2,304 - Border Environment Cooperation Commission 2,902 - - 2,902 1,902 - - - 1,902 1,902 - - International Fisheries Commissions 62,718 - - 62,718 62,846 - - - 62,846 62,846 - - U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM) 810,396 - - 810,396 802,957 - - - 802,957 810,396 7,439 International Broadcasting Operations 798,696 - - 798,696 793,257 - - - 793,257 800,696 7,439 Broadcasting Capital Improvements 11,700 - - 11,700 9,700 - - - 9,700 9,700 - - Other Programs 45,000 - - 45,000 45,000 - - - 45,000 45,000 - United States Institute of Peace 45,000 - - 45,000 45,000 - - - 45,000 45,000 - -

FOREIGN OPERATIONS 34,391,679 4,052,457 [1,689,000] 38,444,136 34,700,037 4,452,580 [4,700,000] [10,596,000] 39,152,617 43,669,975 4,432,358

U.S Agency for International Development 1,663,046 - [103,000] 1,663,046 1,711,447 - - [41,000] 1,711,447 1,862,647 151,200 6 USAID Operating Expenses (OE) 1,377,246 - [102,000] 1,377,246 1,377,747 - - [41,000] 1,377,747 1,527,947 150,200 USAID Capital Investment Fund (CIF) 210,300 - - 210,300 258,200 - - - 258,200 258,200 - USAID Inspector General Operating Expenses 75,500 - [1,000] 75,500 75,500 - - - 75,500 76,500 1,000

Bilateral Economic Assistance 21,076,154 3,215,335 [1,586,000] 24,291,489 21,167,994 3,615,458 [4,700,000] [9,175,000] 24,783,452 28,130,412 3,286,960 Global Health Programs (USAID and State) 9,124,950 - [435,000] 9,124,950 9,195,950 - [4,000,000] - 9,195,950 10,050,950 855,000 7 Global Health Programs - USAID [3,194,950] - [435,000] [3,194,950] [3,265,950] - [4,000,000] - [3,265,950] [3,870,950] [605,000] Global Health Programs - State [5,930,000] - - [5,930,000] [5,930,000] - - - [5,930,000] [6,180,000] [250,000] Development Assistance (DA) 3,400,000 - - 3,400,000 3,500,000 - - - 3,500,000 4,075,097 575,097 International Disaster Assistance (IDA) 2,661,382 1,733,980 [558,000] 4,395,362 2,481,321 1,914,041 - - 4,395,362 4,682,362 287,000 Transition Initiatives (TI) 92,043 - - 92,043 92,043 - - 92,043 92,043 - Complex Crises Fund (CCF) 30,000 - - 30,000 30,000 - - - 30,000 60,000 30,000 Complex Crisis Fund (CCF) Rescission - (40,000) - (40,000) ------6 Economic Support Fund (ESF) 3,045,000 - [243,000] 3,045,000 3,151,963 [700,000] [8,675,000] 3,151,963 4,260,231 1,108,268 Economic Support Fund (ESF) Rescission/Proposed Cancellation (232,000) - - (232,000) (75,000) - - - (75,000) (15,000) NA Democracy Fund 273,700 - - 273,700 290,700 - - - 290,700 290,700 - Assistance for Europe, Eurasia & Central Asia (AEECA) 770,334 - - 770,334 770,334 - - - 770,334 788,929 18,595 Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) 1,910,645 1,521,355 [350,000] 3,432,000 1,730,583 1,701,417 - [500,000] 3,432,000 3,845,000 413,000 U.S. Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA) 100 - - 100 100 - - - 100 100 -

Independent Agencies 1,386,000 - [88,000] 1,386,000 1,363,500 - - 1,363,500 878,500 (485,000) Peace Corps 410,500 - [88,000] 410,500 410,500 - - - 410,500 410,500 - Peace Corps Rescission - - - - (30,000) - - - (30,000) - 30,000 Millennium Challenge Corporation 905,000 - - 905,000 912,000 - - - 912,000 912,000 - Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Rescission - - - - (515,000) (515,000) Inter-American Foundation 37,500 - - 37,500 38,000 - - - 38,000 38,000 - U.S. African Development Foundation 33,000 - - 33,000 33,000 - 33,000 33,000 -

Department of Treasury 45,000 - - 45,000 237,000 - [120,000] 237,000 105,000 (132,000) International Affairs Technical Assistance 30,000 - - 30,000 33,000 - - - 33,000 38,000 5,000 Debt Restructuring 15,000 - - 15,000 204,000 - [120,000] - 204,000 67,000 (137,000)

2 DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT and FOREIGN ASSISTANCE REQUEST FY 2020 - FY 2022

FY 2020 COVID FY 2021 Estimate Supplemental FY 2021 ARPA FY 2021 Estimate FY 2020 Actual FY 2020 Actual FY 2020 Actual Total FY 2021 Estimate FY 2021 Estimate Emergency Funding Change from FY 1 3 Total FY 2022 Request Enduring OCO Actual [Enduring+OCO] Enduring OCO 2 [Non-Add] 2021 Estimate [Non-Add] [Enduring+OCO] [Non-Add] International Security Assistance 8,176,825 837,122 - 9,013,947 8,051,495 837,122 - - 8,888,617 9,178,893 265,276 International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) 1,391,000 - - 1,391,000 1,385,573 - - 1,385,573 1,525,738 140,165 International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) Rescission/Proposed Cancellation - - - - (50,411) - - - (50,411) (5,000) 45,411 Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs (NADR) 895,750 - - 895,750 889,247 - - 889,247 900,247 11,000 Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) 132,135 325,213 - 457,348 115,546 325,213 - - 440,759 469,459 28,700 Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Rescission - - - - (40,000) - - (40,000) - 40,000 International Military Education and Training (IMET) 112,925 - 112,925 112,925 - - - 112,925 112,925 - Foreign Military Financing (FMF) 5,645,015 511,909 - 6,156,924 5,598,615 576,909 - - 6,175,524 6,175,524 - Foreign Military Financing (FMF) (Unobligated Balance Recission) - - - - - (25,000) - - (25,000) - NA

Multilateral Assistance 2,049,780 - - 2,049,780 2,040,819 - - [580,000] 2,040,819 3,528,134 1,487,315

7 International Organizations and Programs 358,000 - 358,000 387,500 - [580,000] 387,500 457,100 69,600

Multilateral Development Banks and Related Funds 1,691,780 - - 1,691,780 1,653,319 - - - 1,653,319 3,071,034 1,417,715 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 206,500 - 206,500 206,500 - - - 206,500 206,500 - International Development Association (IDA) 1,097,010 - 1,097,010 1,001,400 - - - 1,001,400 1,427,974 426,574 African Development Bank - - - 54,649 - - - 54,649 54,649 - African Development Fund (AfDF) 171,300 - 171,300 171,300 - - - 171,300 211,300 40,000 Asian Development Fund 47,395 - 47,395 47,395 - - - 47,395 53,323 5,928 Inter-American Development Bank ------Global Environment Facility (GEF) 139,575 - 139,575 139,575 - - - 139,575 149,288 9,713 Green Climate Fund ------625,000 625,000 Climate Investment Funds ------300,000 300,000 International Fund for Agricultural Development 30,000 - 30,000 32,500 - - - 32,500 43,000 10,500 Global Agriculture and Food Security Program ------

International Monetary Fund ------102,000 102,000

Export & Investment Assistance (5,126) - - (5,126) 127,782 - - 127,782 (13,611) (141,393) Export-Import Bank 98,800 - - 98,800 (71,900) - - (71,900) (221,500) (149,600) Export-Import Bank Rescission (64,282) - - (64,282) ------Development Finance Corporation (DFC) (119,144) - - (119,144) 120,182 - - - 120,182 128,389 8,207 Estimated Transfer of ESF / ESDF to Development Finance Corporation (DFC) [50,000] [-] - [50,000] [50,000] [-] - - [50,000] [50,000]. [-] Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) ------U.S. Trade and Development Agency 79,500 - - 79,500 79,500 - - - 79,500 79,500 -

Related International Affairs Accounts 101,735 - - 101,735 105,366 - - 105,366 105,434 68 International Trade Commission 99,400 - - 99,400 103,000 - - - 103,000 103,000 - Foreign Claims Settlement Commission 2,335 - - 2,335 2,366 - - - 2,366 2,434 68

Department of Agriculture 1,945,000 - - 1,945,000 1,970,000 - - [800,000] 1,970,000 1,800,112 (169,888) P.L. 480, Title II 1,725,000 - - 1,725,000 1,740,000 - - [800,000] 1,740,000 1,570,000 (170,000) McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs 220,000 - - 220,000 230,000 - - - 230,000 230,112 112

Footnotes 1/ COVID Supplementals: P.L. 116-123 and P.L. 116-136. 2/ FY 2021 Title IX Emergency Funding, P.L. 116-260. 3/ FY 2021 American Rescue Plan Act (ARP) mandatory funding, P.L. 117-2. 4/ FY 2020 Actuals for Diplomatic Programs includes a $80.8 million transfer in from the Buying Power Maintanence Account, a $100,000 transfer in from CIPA, and a $360,000 transfer in from Representation Expenses. 5/ FY 2021 Estimate for Diplomatic Programs includes a $86.6 million transfer in from the Buying Power Maintanence Account 6/ The FY 2020 COVID Supplemental level reflects a $7.0 million transfer from the Economic Support Fund (ESF) account to USAID Operating Expenses (OE). 7/ The FY 2020 Global Health Programs-USAID (GHP-USAID) and International Organizations & Programs (IO&P) account levels reflect the transfer of $32.5 million from the IO&P account to the GHP-USAID account.

3 Statement of Performance and Acting on Evidence

Statement of Performance

State and USAID implement planning and performance management policies and practices based on industry best practices and applicable legislation, including the Government Performance and Results Act Modernization Act (GPRAMA), the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016 (FATAA), the Program Management Improvement Accountability Act of 2016 (PMIAA), and the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 (Evidence Act). State and USAID coordinate strategic planning and performance management initiatives at the agency, bureau, and country levels to promote efficiency and effectiveness in achieving our foreign policy goals. The section below describes how State and USAID link resources to strategy, support sound program and project management, conduct monitoring and evaluation, and leverage performance data in decision-making.

Performance Management

The Department’s Managing for Results (MfR) Framework creates feedback loops among planning, budgeting, managing, and learning processes to inform programmatic, budget, and policy decisions. To implement the MfR more fully within bureaus and missions, State provides information, tools, and templates for Department staff pertaining to planning, budgeting, managing, and learning, via an intranet site and other means. The “managing” and “learning” portions of the MfR Framework are supported with the Department’s Program and Project Design, Monitoring, and Evaluation Policy, which requires that all major programs and projects have documented goals, objectives, logic models, and plans for monitoring and evaluating performance. The policy can be found at https://www.state.gov/wp- content/uploads/2018/12/Department-of-State-Program-and-Project-Design-Monitoring-and-Evaluation- Policy.pdf along with a Toolkit to support implementation at https://www.state.gov/wp- content/uploads/2018/12/Program-Design-and-Performance-Management-Toolkit.pdf. In 2020, State bureaus continued to develop program designs for each of their major programs. These design elements included defining the problem or need, goals, and objectives for each program; conducting situational analyses to identify factors that could affect program success; and creating a logic model (or equivalent) and theory of change to describe how all the program inputs and activities will lead to desired outputs and outcomes. Additionally, bureaus are identifying key monitoring and evaluation questions to assess the progress and results of their programs, as well as to address questions that test the logic and theory of change articulated in their program design. These efforts will continue to improve the completeness and utility of monitoring data and help ensure the Department is tracking metrics to assess progress toward its program and strategic-level goals, and be accountable for results. Department policy also requires bureau leaders and chiefs of mission to institute regular reviews to assess progress against strategic objectives, ensure alignment of policy, planning, resources, and facilitate sound program decision making.

USAID implements an integrated Program Cycle Operational Policy, USAID’s framework for planning, implementing, assessing, and adapting programs that support countries to advance their development outcomes. The Program Cycle provides policy and procedures for making strategic programming decisions to ensure effective use of foreign assistance resources. The guidance integrates continuous learning throughout all Program Cycle components to inform adaptive management and improve achievement of results. Robust monitoring and evaluation practices provide feedback on progress in achieving short- and long-term objectives.

Once a country strategy is approved, USAID missions have three months to develop a mission-wide Performance Management Plan (PMP) to ensure effective monitoring, evaluation, learning and adapting

4 of USAID’s country programs. At the project and activity level, optional Project Development Documents can be used to describe how USAID intends to influence change through coordination of activities to guide implementation. Activity Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Plans support effective performance management and link to the mission-wide PMP.

Strategic Planning and Progress Reviews

The Department and USAID are committed to using strategic planning to achieve the most critical U.S. foreign policy outcomes, and to provide greater accountability to the American people. Robust, coordinated strategic planning processes are an essential component of the MfR Framework and USAID’s Program Cycle, and the resulting strategic plans serve as the basis for mission and bureau resource requests, and are foundational documents for building the Department and USAID’s Congressional Budget Justification (CBJ). These processes also provide a framework against which the Department and USAID can monitor progress, measure results, drive policy decisions, ensure accountability, and foster greater whole-of-government collaboration.

The Department’s and USAID’s core strategic planning documents include the following:

● Joint Strategic Plan (JSP) – Four-year strategic plan that outlines State and USAID’s overarching goals and objectives, and guides planning at the bureau and mission-level; ● Joint Regional Strategy (JRS) – Four-year strategic plans that set joint State and USAID regional priorities and guide key partner bureau and mission-level planning; ● Functional Bureau Strategy (FBS) – Four-year strategic plans that set priorities for each State functional bureau or office, and guide key partner bureau and mission-level planning from a functional perspective; ● Integrated County Strategy (ICS) – Four-year strategic plans that articulate whole-of-government priorities in a given country and incorporate higher-level planning priorities, as well as the official U.S. Government strategy for all security-sector assistance in that country; and ● Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) – Multi-year strategic plans linked to the ICS that define USAID’s strategic approach and priorities for development in a particular country or region.

Bureau and mission strategies are ‘living documents’ with sub-objectives and action plans subject to annual reviews and revisions to ensure continued progress toward longer term goals and objectives. Demonstrating the benefit of these reviews and the “living” nature of these documents, more than 50 strategies have been updated in the past year to reflect changing circumstances, and posted to the repository of over 200 strategies on the Department’s external website, promoting transparency. Similarly, CDCSs are not static documents. USAID requires annual strategy portfolio reviews and updates and mid-course amendments, as needed, to reflect significant changes in country context or USAID priorities, including changes to JSP and JRS strategic goals and objectives. In addition, USAID uses third-party, publicly available indicators to more fully understand country context and development progress.

State and USAID are currently developing the FY 2022 – FY 2026 JSP for publication in February 2022. This involves developing new strategic goals, strategic objectives, performance goals, and targets that align with current Administration priorities, and may include modifying, adding and/or removing current performance goals, Agency Priority Goals, indicators, and milestones. Subsequently, all Department of

5 State bureaus and missions, as well as USAID Regional Bureaus, will develop strategies to align with the new JSP.

Performance Reporting

By June 2021, the Department of State and USAID will publish the joint FY 2022 Annual Performance Plan (APP) on www.state.gov and www.USAID.gov. The FY 2020 Annual Performance Report (APR) was published in January 2021. The APP and APR include qualitative and quantitative data and analysis related to progress made against JSP strategic objectives, performance goals, indicators, and milestones. Missions and Embassies report annually on Standard Foreign Assistance Indicators, and both agencies track planned, ongoing, and completed evaluations each fiscal year.

Acting on Evidence

State’s and USAID’s respective evaluation policies provide a key framework for generating evidence to inform decisions. State and USAID collect and use data and evidence to improve program and operations efficiency and effectiveness, maintain accountability to stakeholders, and support organizational learning. The following is a description of evidence programming and efforts to advance the use of evidence in decision-making. U.S. Department of State

Response to Legislation and Ongoing Work

Implement the Evidence Act. In 2020, to further the goals of the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-435) (Evidence Act), the Department launched data collection approaches for a learning agenda, annual evaluation plan, and capacity assessment. The Department complemented these processes with stakeholder engagement strategies that included webinars and working groups designed to gather input and prepare bureaus and independent offices to contribute to deliverables. The Department continued to build its ability to source and use quality data by developing a data strategy that establishes a baseline maturity score for the Department, and identifies points for future innovation. The Department also continued to develop tools for personnel, introducing new courses at FSI that support a data-focused culture and prioritizing datasets for an agency data catalog. Consistent with the Evidence Act, the Department’s Enterprise Data Council will direct data governance projects and meet regularly to build data and analytic capabilities. Support Implementation of the Global Fragility Act. The Department’s design, monitoring, and evaluation policy provides a key framework for generating evidence to inform implementation of the Global Fragility Act (GFA). The interagency working group is developing enhanced approaches to program design and monitoring along with country ownership in programming for fragile states. This includes drawing from lessons learned from the Stabilization Assistance Review and the Strategic Prevention Project, an evaluation of programming in fragile states. These studies have helped frame how the United States and its partners can better target foreign assistance to priority fragile states and reduce the risk and severity of violent conflict. This work will enhance the ability of the Department to measure effectiveness, adjust programming, and increase sustainability of efforts to reduce and prevent conflict.

Strengthen sound management with program and project design. Since the 2018 establishment of program design and performance monitoring requirements at the Department, significant progress has been made by bureaus in meeting the required milestones. This work is building a pipeline of data and evidence for decision makers, and along with the Department’s evaluation policy, assists in fulfilling the

6 goals of the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016 (FATAA). This process of program design has generated important management discussions on performance and will inform the upcoming strategic plan cycle. Bureaus that have yet to meet the program design and monitoring milestones receive technical support where needed.

Produce evaluations of programs, projects, and processes. In FY 2020, the Department completed 20 evaluations of Diplomatic Engagement funded programs and 29 evaluations of foreign assistance funded programs. Findings and recommendations from evaluation reports are tracked and implemented within the commissioning bureau.

Build staff capacity to use data and evidence throughout the MfR planning, performance management, project management and evaluation processes. The Department operates a series of training courses and services designed to equip personnel with the skills and tools to integrate data and evidence into each stage of the MfR framework. In the past year the following courses and services were prioritized for redesign, or were continued: • The Strategic Planning and Performance Management four-day classroom-based training course has been redesigned for a virtual classroom to grow a base of staff with the tools to successfully plan work, design programs, assess performance and produce a body of evidence for the Department. • The Managing Evaluation course was identified for redesign for a distance learning. The new presentation will be paired with the fundamentals of evaluation course and offered to a wider audience of program managers. Through the Foreign Service Institute (FSI), the Department trained 186 people in FY 2020 in a project management workshop that serves as an introduction to the terminology and phases of a project management cycle. • Technical assistance was provided to bureaus by staff skilled in performance management and evaluation using the MfR website, the Program Design and Performance management toolkit, the evaluation website, and the evaluation toolkit. • Access to foreign assistance management tools was maintained through Foreign Assistance Resource Library (FARL), in accordance with FATAA, and foreign assistance evaluations were publicly posted on www.state.gov/f under foreign assistance evaluations and on Foreign Assistance.gov.

Launch the Strategic and Resource (STAR) Reviews. The Department launched the Strategy and Resource (STAR) Review in 2019 to inform development of the FY 2021 Budget. These reviews highlighted the relationship between strategic priorities, performance, and resources, with an increased focus on data and evidence. This dialogue with the most senior leadership of the Department required bureaus to sharpen their focus on near-term priorities as they relate to bureau and Department goals and share evidence of their success. These senior-level discussions were framed by bureaus’ progress and performance indicators and in 2020 led to an important opportunity to review the linkage between performance information and key priorities. The Department is repeating the STAR Reviews in 2021 to inform the FY 2023 budget submission and other resource priorities.

Improving Access to and Quality of Foreign Assistance Data

The Department continues to maintain a repository of foreign assistance data on ForeignAssistance.gov; as of FY 2020, all 22 agencies with foreign assistance in their portfolios are reporting data. The

7 Department and USAID are currently implementing the consolidation of their separate websites (explorer.usaid.gov and foreignassistance.gov) to be jointly managed and presented on a single website which will retain the URL of ForeignAssistance.gov. Together, the Department and USAID coordinate with 22 agencies and process their data to ensure quality control and whole of USG foreign assistance data is available on this website. These efforts also support the U.S. government’s commitment to the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) by publishing the data to the IATI Registry in an internationally comparable format. State recently exceeded IATI publishing timeliness best practices by increasing its frequency from quarterly to monthly.

Internally, the Department has remained committed to improving the standards for its data along its entire lifespan, from input to output. This has included improving data quality in financial systems of record by clarifying guidance and guidelines, increasing technical assistance, and expanding data fields for greater consistency and granularity. Specific to foreign assistance financial data, the Department finished implementing the objectives of the Foreign Assistance Data Review (FADR) in FY2021. Building upon this progress, the Department is focused on establishing sound data governance across all foreign assistance data, which enables consistency, accuracy, automation, and accessibility. Broad improvements to data governance will not only ensure greater transparency and accountability but also enable data- driven decision making. U.S. Agency for International Development

USAID is recognized as a leader among federal agencies in building and acting on evidence for decision- making. USAID’s Program Cycle Operational Policy (ADS 201) complies with the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act (FATAA) and provides the groundwork for implementation of the Foundations for Evidence Based Policymaking Act (Evidence Act). The Program Cycle Policy helps ensure USAID’s country strategies, projects and activities are evidence-based, effective, and achieve sustainable development results.

Progress Building and Using Evidence in Decision-Making

Development and Use of a Learning Agenda

In 2019, USAID developed and published an Agency-wide Learning Agenda (ALA), the first Agency- wide learning agenda for USAID. This learning agenda meets a requirement of the Evidence Act and is designed to answer priority questions USAID has about the outcomes of its policies and programs. In the December 2019 report, Evidence-Based Policymaking: Selected Agencies Coordinate Activities, but Could Enhance Collaboration, GAO found that USAID’s guidance and PPL’s approach to developing the Agency-wide Learning Agenda met leading practices for coordinating and collaborating to assess existing evidence and prioritize new evidence needs. As part of addressing 2019 Learning Agenda questions, USAID has published, among other items, a map of the current evidence available for each question, and a series of papers summarizing findings from a literature review on strengthening local capacity. The Agency-wide Learning Agenda is currently undergoing a regular revision to align with priorities that will be articulated in the upcoming FY 2022-2026 State-USAID Joint Strategic Plan that is currently in development.

Recent Major Progress in Building Evidence, Advancing the Use of Evidence in Decision Making, and Increasing the Agency’s Capacity to Build and Use Evidence

USAID uses the Program Cycle as the framework for building and using evidence in programmatic decision-making. The Program Cycle Policy describes a common set of planning, implementation and

8 learning processes intended to ensure USAID programs are informed by evidence, to improve program performance and effectiveness and ultimately to better achieve sustainable development results and support countries on their development efforts.

USAID considers evidence from USAID programs, evaluations and research as well as publicly available data to inform strategic decisions about country partnerships and strategies, Agency policies, processes and strategies to better achieve development outcomes. To complement evidence-based programmatic decisions, USAID also uses an Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) process to review operational and programmatic data to better understand the combined impact of risk against USAID’s highest-level objectives.

Current Barriers

USAID continuously learns and improves policies and practices to better build and use evidence. USAID uses a holistic approach to monitoring, evaluation and learning as part of USAID’s integrated Program Cycle where components - strategic planning, project design and implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and collaborating, learning, adapting - build on and inform each other. Challenges remain, including improving the rigor and quality of evaluations and ensuring evidence and data from evaluations and other sources are appropriately analyzed and used to inform decisions on a regular basis. USAID’s agency-wide learning agenda will make learning more strategic and prioritize evidence building activities. Learning agendas will be regularly updated to ensure the questions remain relevant for decision-makers.

To better integrate enterprise risk management into the Agency’s way of business, USAID has published a Risk Appetite Statement that explicitly balances risk with opportunities to maximize results as good stewards of tax-payer funds. USAID works to improve the quality and use of administrative data by coordinating with the Department of State and with other agencies to address technical challenges in reporting foreign assistance data. USAID is investing in a data services team, reporting to the Agency’s Chief Data Officer, and information management systems to improve access to administrative data across the Agency. The USAID Data Services team supports work done by the Statistical Official (SO), Evaluation Officer (EO), and the USAID data governance body. For example, it is working with the SO to craft protocols to enhance data protection and privacy and assisting the EO to identify data and evidence needed to support the Agency's learning agenda. The SO, EO, and CDO have briefed USAID's data governance body (the USAID DATA Board) on their respective mandates and will be eliciting DATA Board assistance with specific Evidence Act and Federal Data Strategy milestones on a regular basis.

Progress Implementing the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016 (FATAA)

USAID has fully implemented the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016. This was confirmed by a July 2019 GAO report, Foreign Assistance: Federal Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines Incorporate Most but Not All Leading Practices, which found that USAID’s Program Cycle policy’s monitoring, evaluation and learning requirements fully incorporate OMB guidelines for implementing the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act and had no recommendations for USAID.

USAID has created or updated guidance on monitoring and evaluation to assist Agency staff in meeting the requirements of FATAA, including guidance related to improving the quality of evaluations, performance indicator data quality, and creating monitoring, evaluation and learning plans. These resources can be found listed as an appendix to the Program Cycle Policy.

9 Though already compliant with the transparency requirements of FATAA, USAID continues to work to improve the quality and timeliness of the data it reports. USAID and State have created a joint Foreign Assistance Data and Reporting Team (FA-DART) which is collaborating to fulfill the final provision in FATAA to consolidate ForeignAssistance.gov and Explorer.USAID.gov. The FA-DART has deployed a joint landing page to both sites announcing the change, and the full consolidation at a single ForeignAssistance.gov URL is slated to take place prior to October 2021. USAID continues to improve the quality of narrative information about awards; improve Agency policy on how to protect sensitive partner information; create resources for Agency staff to improve information quality; publish results and sub-national geographic location data; increase the frequency of reporting of humanitarian data, and increase internal use of published information to streamline reporting. USAID will continue to improve transparency efforts by working to increase data use and working towards the development and adoption of the new Development Information Solution (DIS) for data collection, storage, and sharing. The DIS Executive Steering Committee (ESC), CDO, and members of USAID's DATA Board provide ongoing input into business requirements for DIS.

Updates on Providing and Using Administrative Data for Statistical Purposes

USAID is committed to advancing management of its data assets to deliver trustworthy data for statistical purposes and decision-making. In accordance with legislation and executive notices, such as the Evidence Act, the Executive Order on Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence, the Executive Order on Promoting the Use of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence, and other Federal data initiatives, the Agency promotes data management best practices through policy, staffing, processes, and digital infrastructure. In 2021 the Enterprise Reporting Portal modernization will improve the user-friendliness of this platform to encourage use of USAID administrative, financial, and programmatic data. The upgrade promotes data quality, transparency of reporting requests, and collaboration and sharing of data dashboards. USAID is implementing an Artificial Intelligence Pilot in 2021 that is focused on identifying network penetration attempts in near real-time based on data from known network penetration testing windows that have taken place previously. By mining extensive data from its networks, USAID anticipates being able to identify anomalous and potentially harmful behavior in near real-time. This will enable USAID to send alarms to security technicians or automated tools, facilitating immediate action or triggering further investigation. During 2020 to 2021 USAID directed staff and resources into acquiring, processing, analyzing, and disseminating COVID-19 data.

USAID's DATA Board, led by the CDO, is addressing 1) Agency-wide data literacy training and data management training; 2) policy revisions to incorporate emerging best practices in data management planning; 3) processes and techniques to protect data while ensuring maximum utility; 4) increased data sharing with other Government agencies, and 5) increased access to data analytics tools and pilot technology project aimed at modernizing USAID's data infrastructure. These data management efforts directly support USAID’s ability to deliver and open high-quality, machine-readable administrative and program data for use. The CDOs team also maintains an internal dashboard which is shared with the Evaluation Officer and Statistical Official to help track progress against milestones on an ongoing basis.

USAID’s Development Data Policy (ADS 579) provides directives for curating Agency and Agency- funded data for long-term availability and for making these data resources as widely available as possible to support statistical analyses and decision-making. The USAID Data Services team consists of approximately 80 data professionals who work with designated data stewards to enhance administrative and program data management, availability, accessibility, and usability. The Agency’s Development Data Library (DDL) serves as the central digital repository of Agency-funded, machine-readable data. The DDL publishes a comprehensive data inventory of existing Agency data assets and provides access to these data resources. The DDL to date has made 526 data assets available to the public, a 44 percent increase over last year.

10 As part of the ongoing revision of ADS 579, USAID is creating and enhancing procedures to improve the efficiency of inter-agency data sharing while complying with applicable privacy laws, regulations, and policies. In FY 2021 USAID will formalize templates for interagency agreements and MOUs governing data access and use for both public and restricted data assets. Simultaneously, the Agency is making its data inventory more discoverable and searchable and identifying data assets appropriate for statistical use. USAID’s Development Experience Clearinghouse (DEC) in FY 2020 published 17,892 documents, 113 images, 75 videos, and 39 digital audio artifacts. The DDL serves as the repository for the data assets underlying these reports.

USAID also publishes financial and descriptive transaction-level information to the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI). In turn, partner country governments as well as other initiatives and websites can pull these data into their respective systems. For partner country governments, this helps officials oversee the coordination and management of incoming foreign aid, and serves as an effective tool in standardizing and centralizing information about foreign aid flows within a country. For other initiatives and websites, these data can be ingested to reduce and streamline USAID’s own reporting efforts, freeing up resources for other endeavors. Further, by streamlining reporting to these partner country systems and other websites, USAID is promoting efficiency in data collection, improving the quality of data, reducing the time needed to publish updated information, as well as providing timely information to inform analysis, future decisions, and policymaking. In FY 2020, USAID began reporting additional data to IATI in alignment with IATI’s COVID-19 reporting guidance in order to share financial and descriptive information about USAID’s COVID-19 activities. The United States joined IATI in 2009, and began publishing data to IATI in 2014, to provide greater context for understanding foreign assistance activities and increase the amount and quality of financial and descriptive information available.

11 DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND RELATED AGENCIES

12 DEPARTMENT OF STATE – SUMMARY OF APPROPRIATIONS ($ in thousands)

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2021 1/ 2/ Request Actual Estimate Estimate Administration of Foreign Affairs 10,010,103 9,768,435 13,211,432 3,442,997 State Programs 7,293,322 7,580,491 10,259,552 2,679,061

Diplomatic Programs3/,4/ 6,880,745 7,030,491 9,490,672 2,460,181 Ongoing Operations 5,410,968 5,135,714 5,414,773 279,059 Worldwide Security Protection 1,469,777 1,894,777 4,075,899 2,181,122 Capital Investment Fund 139,500 250,000 448,880 198,880

Consular Border Security Programs 273,077 300,000 320,000 20,000

Sudan Claims Resolution - 150,000 - -150,000

Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance 1,551,362 1,126,162 1,983,149 856,987

Ongoing Operations 769,800 769,055 850,722 81,667

Worldwide Security Upgrades 781,562 357,107 1,132,427 775,320 Other Administration of Foreign Affairs 1,165,419 911,782 968,731 56,949

Office of Inspector General 90,829 90,829 146,358 55,529

Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs 735,700 740,300 741,300 1,000

Representation Expenses 6,852 7,415 7,415 -

Protection of Foreign Missions and Officials 30,890 30,890 30,890 -

Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service 267,885 7,885 8,885 1,000

Buying Power Maintenance Account - - - -

Repatriation Loans Program Account 1,300 2,500 1,300 -1,200

Payment to the American Institute in Taiwan 31,963 31,963 32,583 620

13 DEPARTMENT OF STATE – SUMMARY OF APPROPRIATIONS ($ in thousands)

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2021 1/ 2/ Request Actual Estimate Estimate

International Organizations 1,915,193 2,159,908 3,591,542 1,431,634

Contributions to International Organizations 1,377,566 1,409,688 1,662,928 253,240

Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities 537,627 750,220 1,928,614 1,178,394

International Commissions (Function 300) 162,796 176,624 176,624 -

International Boundary and Water Commission - S&E 48,170 49,770 51,970 2,200

International Boundary and Water Commission - Construction 36,900 49,000 46,800 -2,200

American Sections 15,008 15,008 15,008 -

International Joint Commission 9,802 10,802 10,802 - International Boundary Commission 2,304 2,304 2,304 -

Border Environment Cooperation Commission 2,902 1,902 1,902 -

International Fisheries Commissions 62,718 62,846 62,846 -

Related Programs 335,700 339,700 339,700 -

The Asia Foundation 19,000 20,000 20,000 - National Endowment for Democracy 300,000 300,000 300,000 -

East-West Center 16,700 19,700 19,700 -

Special and Trust Funds 1,382 3,159 1,212 -1,947

Center for Middle Eastern-Western Dialogue 245 204 180 -24

Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program 270 93 170 77 Israeli Arab Scholarship Program 124 119 119 -

International Chancery Center 743 2,743 743 -2,000 Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund (non-add) 158,900 158,900 158,900 -

TOTAL, Department of State Appropriations - Enduring 12,425,174 12,447,826 17,320,510 4,872,684

TOTAL, Department of State Appropriations - OCO 3,697,543 3,547,420 - -3,547,420 GRAND TOTAL, Department of State Appropriations 16,122,717 15,995,246 17,320,510 1,325,264

1/ FY 2020 Actual includes $588 million in COVID/CARES Act Supplemental Appropriations. 2/ FY 2021 Estimate includes $450 million in Title IX Emergency Appropriations. 3/ FY 2020 Actual for Diplomatic Programs includes a $80.8 million transfer in from the Buying Power Maintenance Account and a $100,000 transfer in from CIPA. 4/ FY 2021 Estimate for Diplomatic Programs includes a $86.5 million transfer in from the Buying Power Maintenance Account and a $100,000 transfer in from CIPA.

14 SUMMARY OF APPROPRIATIONS – OVERSEAS CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS ($ in thousands)

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2021 1/ 2/ Request Actual Estimate Estimate Administration of Foreign Affairs 2,612,647 2,745,186 - -2,745,186 State Programs 2,376,122 1,865,999 - -1,865,999 Diplomatic Programs 2,376,122 1,865,999 - -1,865,999 Ongoing Operations - - - - Worldwide Security Protection 2,626,122 2,226,122 - -2,226,122 Worldwide Security Protection (PY Unobligated Balance Rescission) - -360,123 - 360,123

Worldwide Security Protection (PY Unobligated Balance Transfer) -250,000 - - - Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance 181,625 824,287 - -824,287 Ongoing Operations - - - - Worldwide Security Upgrades 424,087 824,287 - -824,287 Worldwide Security Upgrades (PY Unobligated Balance Rescission) -242,462 - - - Other Administration of Foreign Affairs 54,900 54,900 - -54,900 Office of Inspector General - SIGAR 54,900 54,900 - -54,900 International Organizations 1,084,896 802,234 - -802,234 Contribution to International Organizations 96,240 96,240 - -96,240 Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities 988,656 705,994 - -705,994 Total, Department of State Appropriations 3,697,543 3,547,420 - -3,547,420

15 DIPLOMATIC PROGRAMS

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual1/ Enacted2/ Request Enacted Diplomatic Programs 9,256,867 8,896,490 9,490,672 594,182 Enduring 6,880,745 7,030,491 9,490,672 2,460,181 Ongoing Operations 5,410,968 5,135,714 5,414,773 279,059 Public Diplomacy (non-add) 645,536 598,500 648,192 49,692 Worldwide Security Protection 1,469,777 1,894,777 4,075,899 2,181,122 Overseas Contingency Operations 2,376,122 1,865,999 - -1,865,999 Worldwide Security Protection 2,626,122 2,226,122 - -2,226,122 WSP Prior Year Transfer/Cancellation -250,000 -360,123 - 360,123

1/ FY 2020 Actual reflects the following transfers to Diplomatic Programs: $80.7 million from the Buying Power Maintenance Account and $100,000 from Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities. The FY 2020 Actual includes $309.9 million from the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 and the CARES Act.

2/ The FY 2021 Estimate reflects FY 2021 Enacted levels provided in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260) and the following transfers to Diplomatic Programs: $86.5 million from the Buying Power Maintenance Account and $100,000 from Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities.

The Diplomatic Programs (DP) appropriation is fundamental to the implementation of American foreign policy, providing the people, infrastructure, security, and programs that facilitate productive and peaceful U.S. relations with foreign governments and international organizations worldwide. These activities span 38 bureaus and offices, 195 countries, and 276 diplomatic posts.

The DP appropriation has four categories: Human Resources, Overseas Programs, Diplomatic Policy and Support, and Security Programs; and three major programmatic allocations: Program Operations, Public Diplomacy (PD), and Worldwide Security Protection (WSP). Program Operations and Public Diplomacy are referred to collectively as “Ongoing Operations.”

The FY 2022 DP Request is $9.5 billion, an increase of $594.2 million above the FY 2021 Estimate. The FY 2022 Enduring Request includes activities previously funded by Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) funds. Targeted programmatic increases within each category are described in detail below.

Diplomatic Programs Ongoing Operations

The Department’s FY 2022 Request for DP Ongoing Operations is $5.4 billion, with $4.8 billion for Program Operations and $648.2 million for PD. The Request is a net increase of $279.1 million (5.4 percent) above the FY 2021 Estimate. Major changes include an increase of $73.3 million for the proposed 2.7 percent American pay raise, annualization of the FY 2021 American pay raise, and the FY 2022 Federal Employee Retirement System (FERS) contributions adjustment. The FY 2022 Request includes several offsetting reductions: -$45.1 million absorbing overseas price inflation and Locally Employed (LE) Staff wage increases; -$33.7 million in American Salaries given the projected on-board level through FY 2022; and -$87.6 million to non-recur the FY 2021 Buying Power Maintenance (BPMA) transfer for Locally Employed staff wage increases, overseas price inflation, and exchange rate fluctuations.

The Request supports a ‘funded employment ceiling’ of 15,583, with 6,701 Civil Service and 8,882

16 Foreign Service. This would be an increase of +267 (131 CS and 136 FS) over FY 2021, with a commensurate funding increase of +$141.2 million.

Diversity and Inclusion

The new Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer (CDIO), reporting directly to the Secretary, will be responsible for strengthening engagement with bureaus, overseas missions, and employee affinity groups on diversity and inclusion issues. The FY 2022 Request includes $49.0 million, +$27.6 million above the FY 2021 Estimate to broaden recruitment, diversity, and inclusion programs across the Department. This increase aligns with the Administration’s commitment to revitalizing the foreign policy workforce and will fund Department-wide programs within the requests the Foreign Service Institute (FSI), Global Talent Management (GTM), and Office of the Secretary (S).

Diplomatic Programs by Category

Human Resources: $3,216.8 million and +5 positions Resources requested in this category are directed toward salaries for domestic and overseas U.S. direct hire employees (including employees engaged in Public Diplomacy and Worldwide Security Protection programs), as well as funding for the Foreign Service Institute and the Bureau of Global Talent Management (formerly Human Resources).

• Foreign Service Institute (FSI): +$10.2 million in total, including +$0.5 million for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion training; +$2.5 million to expand Area Studies and other training priorities; +$5.4 million to sustain Enterprise Operations/Learning Infrastructure information technology; and +$1.8 million to extend the Rosslyn training space lease for a third option year. Construction of ‘Building B’ began in May 2020, with substantial completion planned for Q3 FY 2022.

• Global Talent Management (GTM): +$23.4 million in total, including $5.1 million to expand the SES Candidate Development Program, develop the CS Career pathing tool, increase accessibility and accommodations outreach and support, and expansion of the Foreign Affairs IT Fellowship; $7.3 million to sustain the new Overseas Personnel System and global deployment of the HR Help Desk support; +$7.0 million for the Paid Internship Program; +$2.6 million to expand recruitment outreach; and +$1.4 million for a net increase of +5 new CS positions in support of volunteer service overseas.

Overseas Programs: $1,791.4 million and +156 positions (26 CS and 130 FS) The Department’s overseas programs link America to the rest of the world by relaying on-the-ground political and economic analysis back to the United States, and by representing our national interests at both the personal and governmental levels.

This category includes the Regional bureaus (African Affairs, East Asian and Pacific Affairs, European and Eurasian Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, South and Central Asian Affairs, Western Hemisphere Affairs, and International Organization Affairs), the Bureau of Conflict Stabilization Operations, Global Public Affairs, and the Bureau of Medical Services. Additionally, resources in this category cover Public Diplomacy, the cost of the Departmental employees’ travel on assignment, and potential liabilities resulting from the separation of Locally Employed (LE) staff.

The FY 2022 Request includes $72.5 million and supports +130 new FS overseas positions of which 28 are Public Diplomacy. In 2020, the Department undertook a global review of Political, Economic, and Public Diplomacy staffing overseas to determine whether updates were needed to address current and emerging strategic priorities. The Strategic Staffing Initiative (SSI) realigned 95 existing positions during 2021, while identifying additional needs in each DP-funded regional bureau. The 130 new Political,

17 Economic, Public Diplomacy, and Management positions will further implement the Indo-Pacific strategy, advance U.S. prosperity and counter Chinese economic influence, defend U.S. interests against malign influence, address regional security, and engage with the UN and other organizations.

Other changes include:

• African Affairs (AF): +$3.7 million, including +$1.1 million in facility operating costs for the Nairobi, Kenya and Kampala, Uganda annexes, with +$2.6 million in start-up costs. • Conflict Stabilization Operations (CSO): +$2.6 million for staff support and implementation of the Global Fragility Act and advances CSO’s use of data analytics. • East Asian and Pacific Affairs (EAP): +$1.0 million for increased expenses in Wuhan and Port Moresby, and a one-time increase for the Beijing Winter Olympics. • FSN Separation Liability Trust Fund (FSNLTF): +$6.0 million to keep pace with the accrued liability for LE Staff funded through DP and its share of ICASS. • International Organization Affairs (IO): +$9.4 million and +7 CS positions to support a Multilateral Strategy and Personnel Office that will build and expand U.S. influence in international organizations. • Medical Services (MED): +$1.1 million to support the expansion for the workforce Wellness Program, and shared EX functions which support the Department’s Medical and Operational Medicine Programs. • Near Eastern Affairs (NEA): +$44.8 million to sustain ongoing Mission Iraq operations. • Post Assignment Travel (PAT): + $19.2 million to maintain funding for permanent change of station (PCS) expenses at the FY 2020 level. • South and Central Asian Affairs (SCA): +$34 million to sustain Mission Afghanistan operations, as well as operating costs for the U.S. Mission to the Maldives. • Western Hemisphere Affairs (WHA): +$5.4 million for five New Consular Compounds (NCCs) in Mexico (Nogales, Hermosillo, Matamoras, Merida, and Guadalajara) and two New Embassy Compounds (NECs) in Paraguay and the Bahamas; funds operational costs for the triennial Summit of the Americas. • Public Diplomacy: $29.1 million and 50 positions The FY 2022 PD Request is $648.2 million, a net increase of +$16.1 million above the FY 2021 Estimate. The Request includes the following changes: o $20.5 million and 50 new positions; o $3.0 million for the FS National Liability Trust Fund; o $2.5 million for the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative and Young Pacific Leaders programs; o $2.0 million to plan for the FY 2025 Osaka Expo; and o $1.1 million to normalize start-up costs for new FY 2021 AF positions and to establish new PD programs and staff for U.S. Embassy in Male.

Diplomatic Policy and Support: $1,019.0 million and +103 positions (97 CS and 6 FS) Resources in the Diplomatic Policy and Support category sustain the Department’s essential strategic and managerial functions. The Departmental components funded under this category are the bureaus and offices of Administration; Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance; Budget and Planning; Chief of Protocol; Comptroller and Global Financial Services; Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor; Economic and Business Affairs; Energy Resources; Global Engagement Center; Information Resource Management; Intelligence and Research; International Security and Nonproliferation; the Legal Adviser; Legislative Affairs; Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs; Political-Military Affairs; Population, Refugees, and Migration; Public Affairs; the Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for

18 Climate; Cyber Diplomacy and Technology Policy, and the Secretary of State; the Under Secretary for Management; and the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. The FY 2022 Budget also presents resources for the Office of International Religious Freedom as a distinct office. Changes reflected in the FY 2022 Request include:

• Bureau of Administration (A): +$9.3 million includes +$5.7 million for facility Operations & Maintenance (O&M) and Regulatory Compliance; +$1.1 million to replace elevators in the Charleston Regional Center; and +$2.5 million to expand the Department’s electric vehicle fleet. • Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance (AVC): +$0.3 million to support the National and Nuclear Risk Reduction Center (NNRRC), which fulfills the critical mission of maintaining and modernizing the U.S. government’s ability to exchange notifications with international partners on a range of arms control, nonproliferation, and cyberspace issues. • Bureau of Budget and Planning (BP): +$7.4 million for the continuation of the multi-phased Budget System Modernization effort, and increased data analytics to inform resource decisions. • Chief of Protocol (CPR): +$0.3 million to partially fund Blair House renovations, and expand monitoring of foreign missions’ domestic workers program to prevent mistreatment of workers and human trafficking. • Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services (CGFS): +$0.8 million for infrastructure improvements at the Charleston Financial Service Center including the purchase and installation of Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) systems for approximately 400 workstations. • Economic and Business Affairs (EB): +6.7 million includes, +$3.5 million for sanctions targeting; +$2.8 million for Strategic Ports Initiative; +$0.3 million for two positions to support the EB Executive Office; and $0.1 million to fund a Senior Strategist in the Office of Global Partnerships. • Energy Affairs (ENR): +$0.5 million and 3 new Civil Service positions to support the Administration’s strategy to reassert U.S. leadership to advance global economic prosperity through decarbonization and sustainable, resilient energy solutions. • Global Engagement Center (GEC): +$2.0 million to support engagement with domestic audiences, as distinct from foreign audiences, to help combat malign disinformation campaigns. • Information Resource Management (IRM): +$10.8 million, including +$7.3 million to sustain new technology architecture enabling greater remote access and mobility by the Department’s workforce; and $3.5 million for +20 Civil Service IT specialists to support cybersecurity and risk management, modernization of an enterprise overseas and domestic environments, mobility enabled, infrastructure, and stronger governance and management of IT systems, architecture, and acquisitions. • Intelligence and Research (INR): +$3.1 million for +18 new positions to support INR initiatives to Build on Fundamentals, provide Analytical Support to Meet Diplomatic Needs, and adapt Intelligence Coordination. • International Security and Nonproliferation (ISN): +$2.3 million including, +$2.1 million and +12 new positions, and +$0.2 million to fund assessments for the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). Of the +12 new positions, four will directly support efforts to protect against Chinese (and other) predatory behavior and U.S. critical infrastructure, sensitive technologies, and expertise. The remaining will support the negotiation of the “123” peaceful nuclear cooperation agreements and Nuclear Cooperation Memoranda of Understanding, Atomic Energy Agency coordination efforts, and the Multilateral Action on Sensitive Technologies initiative to educate like-minded countries about the Military-Civil Fusion strategy and coordinate efforts to counter it. • Legal Adviser (L): +$0.2 million to support the addition of 1 SES position for the Office of the Legal Adviser’s Office of Consular Affairs. • Legislative Affairs (H): +$1.7 million and 9 new position to improve the Department’s engagement with and reporting to Congress. • Management (M): +$15.5 million for the Center for Analytics (CfA), providing advanced analytics,

19 data management, data training, and technical infrastructure solutions to dozens of additional bureau partners, meeting evidence-based reporting requirements. • Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES): +$1.7 million and +10 new positions to support OES’s Office of Global Change and oversight of emerging technologies by the Science and Technology Advisor to the Secretary. • Political-Military Affairs (PM): +$1.4 million and +3 new positions to support emerging technology and data analytics, and to optimize workforce, IT, and data analytics to efficiently meet America’s foreign policy and national security objectives. • Office of the Secretary (S): +$21.1 million and +22 new positions for the following: o +$11.5 million for the Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Climate; o +$3.0 million and 12 positions to normalize funding for the Office of Diversity and Inclusion including travel, curriculum development, and expanded office space; o +$2.4 million for Operations & Maintenance (O&M) to support the Foreign Assistance Coordination and Tracking System (FACTS); o +$2.0 million for the Office of Civil Rights Anti-Bullying Office program that includes 7 positions o +$1.8 million to support the Operations Center; o +$0.3 million for 2 Civil Service positions for technical content management; and o +$0.2 million for 1 position in the E Front Office.

Security Programs: $3,463.4 million and +73 positions (70 FS and 3 CS), of which $3,414.7 million is for Worldwide Security Protection.

This category includes the Bureau of Counterterrorism (CT), the Office of Foreign Missions (OFM), Op Med (CCR), and Worldwide Security Protection (WSP).

• Counterterrorism (CT): +$1.8 million and +3 new CS positions, part-time FTE salaries and benefits, and other overhead costs (IT, telecom, etc.) that enable CT to fulfill its mission in advancing U.S. national security. • Office of Foreign Missions (OFM): +$0.4 million to enable OFM to preserve and maintain three properties owned by the People’s Republic of China that the Department has assumed custody of using its authorities under the Foreign Missions Act (22 U.S.C § 4301-4316, as amended).

Worldwide Security Protection (WSP): $4.1 billion (including $661.2 million for WSP AmSals) and 70 FS positions

WSP supports the Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS), which is principally responsible for security programs located at over 275 overseas posts and 118 domestic programs, to include a worldwide guard force protecting overseas diplomatic posts, residences, and domestic offices. WSP is responsible for supporting DS Regional Security Officers (RSO) and DS personnel at all regional bureaus and posts throughout the Department of State including High Threat High Risk Posts. WSP also supports security and emergency response programs in ten functional bureaus, including operational medicine, information security accreditation and deployment, continuity of operations and exercise planning, and security and crisis management training.

The total WSP FY 2022 Request is $4.1 billion, a +$315.1 million increase above the FY 2021 Estimate. The Request includes $661.2 million for American Salaries under the Human Resources (HR) category, (+$15.1 million), and $3.4 billion for bureau-managed funding within all security programs, (+$300.0 million). The FY 2022 Request does not recur the FY 2021 Estimate’s allocations of $150.0 million for

20 the Emergency Evacuation Reserve, $162.9 million for the WSP Contingency Reserve, nor the -$360.1 million rescission of Security Assistance Appropriations Act (SAAA) balances.

Within the HR category, +$15.1 million over the FY 2021 Estimate supports annualized FY 2021 and new FY 2022 pay raises and the FERS increase. The WSP Request also supports an increase of 70 DS overseas Special Agents originally planned for FY 2020. As the FY 2021 FS hiring plan will reach the Foreign Affairs Security Training Center’s (FASTC) full capacity, the 70 increase is shifted to FY 2022 with no additional cost. This hiring target is instrumental to reducing overseas staffing gaps and mitigating future year retirement trends.

Major DS program changes over FY 2021 include:

• +$67.4 million to normalize the costs of 365 DS positions that were previously funded by the Consular and Border Security Programs (CBSP) account but were funded by DS in FY 2021 using WSP contingency reserves; • +$54.9 million for program increases to include: $18.2 million to expand Special Program for Embassy Augmentation Response (SPEAR) to protect embassy personnel in HTHR locations, $16.2 million for the ARSO-I program to enhance the U.S. visa and passport system and processes, combat human trafficking and visa/passport fraud, $14.8 million to expand Open Source Intelligence (OSN), and $5.7 million for logistical support for the Diplomatic Couriers program (DC); • +$30.2 million for LE staff wage increases and overseas price inflation; • +$25.8 million for cyber security enhancements including: $7.0 million for Data Loss Prevention (DLP) and deceptive technology solutions to address zero-day exploits and $18.8 million to enhance DS’s cyber security monitoring programs; • +$21.0 million to support increased productivity and system enhancements within the Department’s security clearances and overseas vetting processes; • +$10.0 million for increased technology capabilities for the Rewards for Justice (RFJ) Pulse contract; • +$4.4 million to support the deployment of the GAU-17 weapon on new Embassy Air helicopters and three airborne Forward-Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR) systems in Kabul; and • $94.2 million realignment (net zero) within WSP for Iraq operations, to annualize prior year costs funded from FY 2017 SAAA carryover.

The FY 2022 bureau-managed resources request for the non-DS WSP bureaus/accounts is $460.2 million, +$86.3 million over the FY 2021 Estimate. Increases include:

• +$33.3 million increase over the FY 2021 Estimate to support Bureau of Information Resource Management (IRM) cybersecurity initiatives which include Authorization & Assessments (A&A), Identity, Credential, and Access Management (ICAM), the Department’s Radio Program, Technical Security & Safeguards (TSS), Security Support (CSS), Secure Messaging, and Safety and Accountability for Everyone (SAFE). The initiatives increase cybersecurity investments that enhance protection against potential intrusions, increase identity credentialing, and support secure communications enabling the management of IT services around the world; • +$3.5 million for DS Post Assignment Travel (PAT) to support additional trips, previously charged to CBSP, but now funded by WSP, and to assist with Special Issuance Passport fees; • +$1.9 million to Op Med (CCR) to provide contractor support for aviation operation coordination, maintenance for the new biocontainment modules procured through FY 2020 COVID-19 supplemental funding and increased classified system connectivity for field operations; and • +$0.3 million to the A Bureau to support increased facilities expenses at the Department’s emergency conference and training center.

21 Worldwide Security Protection (Resource Summary)

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Worldwide Security Protection (WSP) 3,845,899 3,760,776 4,075,899 315,123 Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) - incl. Afghanistan, Pakistan & Iraq 3,306,962 3,119,726 3,342,684 222,958 DS Regional Bureaus & IO 248,102 252,288 257,728 5,440 Bureau of Administration (A) 74,230 77,403 77,829 426 Bureau of Information Resource Management (IRM) 183,019 245,675 278,996 33,321 *OpMed (CCR) 47,979 48,676 50,805 2,129 Post Assignment Travel (PAT) 37,545 37,360 40,880 3,520 Office of Foreign Missions (OFM) 118 118 118 - Bureau of Counterterrorism (CT) 1,617 1,617 1,617 - **Other WSP Bureaus / Accounts 22,683 25,134 25,242 108 Emergency Evacuation Reserve -250,000 150,000 - -150,000 Contingency Reserve 138,644 162,902 - -162,902 MED Health Incidents 35,000 - - - ***SAAA Rescission - -360,123 - 360,123

* The Department has paused implementation of Op Med (CCR) pending a policy review. ** “Other WSP Bureaus” include ISN, INR, HR, FSNSLTF, FSI and CPR. *** SAAA Rescission from prior year balances. FY 2021 Appropriation for WSP is $4,120,899,000.

22 Diplomatic Programs ($ in thousands)

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from Funding Categories Actual Estimate Request FY 2021 Estimate Total, Diplomatic Programs 9,256,867 8,896,490 9,490,672 594,182 Human Resources 2,938,970 3,101,799 3,216,871 115,072 American Salaries, Central Account 2,722,438 2,902,133 2,984,073 81,940 Public Diplomacy American Salaries (non-add) 179,769 192,786 201,351 8,565 WSP - American Salaries (non-add) 534,782 646,082 661,240 15,158 Foreign Service Institute 80,871 68,064 78,294 10,230 Global Talent Management 135,661 131,602 154,504 22,902 - - - - Overseas Programs 1,941,838 1,685,660 1,791,425 105,765 COVID/CARES Act Transfers -3,000 - - - African Affairs 201,075 203,076 205,859 2,783 Conflict Stabilization Operations 11,682 11,648 14,248 2,600 East Asian and Pacific Affairs 162,104 158,945 157,915 (1,030) European and Eurasian Affairs 297,200 303,275 289,294 (13,981) FSN Separation Liability Trust Fund - 5,000 11,000 6,000 Global Public Affairs 9,640 9,776 9,645 (131) International Conferences 4,444 4,444 4,444 - International Organization Affairs 30,166 25,486 37,020 11,534 Medical Services 193,533 16,795 17,882 1,087 Near Eastern Affairs 201,034 160,887 199,552 38,665 Post Assignment Travel 103,587 78,587 97,736 19,149 South and Central Asian Affairs 109,707 114,504 148,233 33,729 Western Hemisphere Affairs 154,899 153,927 151,756 -2,171 Public Diplomacy 465,767 439,310 446,841 7,531 - - - - Diplomatic Policy and Support 1,039,747 947,500 1,018,951 71,451 Administration (including GSA Rent) 365,434 330,721 340,069 9,348 GSA Rent (non-add) 157,333 159,389 159,389 - Arms Control, Verification and Compliance 14,257 13,659 13,986 327 Budget and Planning 11,137 11,137 18,487 7,350 Chief of Protocol 18,864 9,895 10,135 240 Comptroller and Global Financial Services 93,886 89,993 90,284 291 Cyber Diplomacy and Technology Policy - 9,832 9,832 - Democracy, Human Rights and Labor 23,363 25,698 25,698 -

23 Diplomatic Programs ($ in thousands)

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from Funding Categories Actual Estimate Request FY 2021 Estimate Economic and Business Affairs 10,996 10,938 14,270 3,332 Energy Resources 3,672 3,672 3,892 220 Global Engagement Center - 10,000 12,000 2,000 Global Public Affairs 30,132 30,482 30,482 - Information Resource Management 293,302 230,608 239,404 8,796 Intelligence and Research 27,404 23,996 25,313 1,317 International Religious Freedom - 5,267 5,267 - International Security and Nonproliferation 16,884 16,998 18,076 1,078 Legal Advisor 13,325 13,325 13,329 4 Legislative Affairs 2,131 2,131 2,909 778 Management 13,468 9,960 25,460 15,500 Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs 18,059 17,332 18,063 731 Political-Military Affairs 10,157 9,921 11,059 1,138 Population & International Migration 620 620 620 - Trafficking in Persons 8,027 7,437 7,437 - Office of the Secretary 64,629 63,878 82,879 19,001 - - - - Security Programs 3,336,312 3,161,531 3,463,425 301,894 Op Med (Contingency and Crisis Response) - 21,588 21,588 - Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism 11,171 11,225 12,722 1,497 Office of Foreign Missions 14,024 14,024 14,456 432 Worldwide Security Protection 3,311,117 3,114,694 3,414,659 299,965

24 Highlights of Budget Changes ($ in thousands)

Diplomatic DP Ongoing Worldwide Program Operations Security Enduring Operations DP PD (Direct & PD) Protection DP Total FY 2021 Estimate $4,503,618 $632,096 5,135,714 $1,581,875 6,717,589 Built-in Changes Base Adjustments -101,764 -19,541 -121,305 67,400 -53,905 PY Execution & WSP Costs Realigned from CBSP -101,764 -19,541 -121,305 67,400 -53,905 Annualization of Requirements 22,237 3,373 25,610 20,492 46,102 Annualized Pay Increase 9,835 1,143 10,978 2,595 13,573 Overseas Price Inflation 12,402 2,230 14,632 17,897 32,529 Anticipated Wage & Price Requirements 44,539 3,149 47,688 25,913 73,601 American Pay Increase 33,647 3,260 36,907 9,475 46,382 Locally Employed Staff Wage Increase 25,409 5,104 30,513 12,646 43,159 Absorption of Current Services -37,811 -7,334 -45,145 - -45,145 FERS Increase 23,294 2,119 25,413 3,792 29,205 Total, Built-in Changes -34,988 -13,019 -48,007 113,805 65,798 Total, Current Services 4,468,630 619,077 5,087,707 1,695,680 6,783,387 Program Changes Human Resources 33,184 - 33,184 - 33,184 Overseas Programs 180,689 26,597 207,286 - 207,286 Diplomatic Policy and Support 81,850 2,518 84,368 - 84,368 Security Programs 2,228 - 2,228 2,380,219 2,382,447 Total, Program Changes 297,951 29,115 327,066 2,380,219 2,707,285 Total 4,766,581 648,192 5,414,773 4,075,899 9,490,672

25 CONSULAR AND BORDER SECURITY PROGRAMS

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate CBSP Resources 4,443,055 3,275,762 3,215,458 -60,304 Collections (current year)1/ 2,172,819 1,775,769 2,771,013 925,244 Appropriations - - 320,000 320,000 Supplementals/Emergency2/ 273,077 300,000 - -300,000 Carryforward In 1,997,159 1,199,993 124,445 -1,075,548 SUBTOTAL CBSP Spending 3,243,061 3,151,317 3,013,549 -137,768 American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) - 150,000 - -150,000 Funds3/ TOTAL CBSP + ARPA Funds 3,243,061 3,301,317 3,013,549 -287,768 Carryforward Out 1,199,994 124,445 201,909 77,464

1/Anticipated $70 million in recoveries in the FY 2022 current year collections total. 2/Includes COVID/CARES Act supplementals. 3/Funds used to support consular operations from the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.

The Bureau of Consular Affairs (CA) is at the forefront of the United States’ national security apparatus, screening millions of foreign nationals who apply for visas, determining passport eligibility for millions of U.S. citizens, and overseeing other critical programs that affect the U.S. economy, international travel, and security. The safety and security of U.S. citizens overseas is the Department’s top priority, and services to U.S. citizens residing and traveling abroad are the key focus of consular sections around the world. CA also coordinates with foreign governments and interagency partners such as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Justice (DOJ), the Department of the Treasury, and the intelligence and law enforcement communities, to protect U.S. borders from threats at home and abroad. Advances in technology and data analytics present opportunities to fortify visa and passport processes.

Revenues from the Department-retained consular fees and surcharges fund Consular and Border Security Programs (CBSP) activities, represented by both CA and its Partner Bureaus. The fees and surcharges collected and retained for consular services include: Machine Readable Visa (MRV) fees, Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) surcharges, the Passport Security Surcharge (PSS), the Immigrant Visa Security Surcharge (IVSS), Diversity Visa (DV) Lottery fees, Fraud Prevention and Detection (H&L) fees, Affidavit of Support (AoS) Review fees, Expedited Passport fees (EPF), and J-Waiver (Student/Exchange Visitor Visas) fees.

Each consular fee or surcharge is used to fund CBSP activities consistent with the applicable statutory authorities. In FY 2022, the Department proposes several legislative fee provisions pertaining to the CBSP account, to include: (1) extensions of broader expenditure authorities; (2) amendments to the PSS and IVSS authority to allow the surcharges to account for and fund additional consular services, (3) extension of the WHTI surcharge authority, (4) authority to adjust the minor Border Crossing Card (BCC) fees, and (5) extensions of transfer authorities. Another proposed fee authority would allow the Department to account for costs related to consular services for which there is no fee or surcharge retained by the Department when setting the amount of the machine-readable visa fee or surcharge.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a negative impact on international travel and the fees that support the CBSP account, significantly affecting CBSP revenue by drastically reducing passport and visa workloads globally. The FY 2022 Request of $320 million will supplement $2.8 billion in fee revenue which is projected to remain depressed in FY 2022 and reflects the gradual alignment of visa and passport

26 processing capacity with projected workload, but with ongoing support for American Citizen Services. The following information summarizes projected obligations for CBSP in FY 2022, including increases/decreases from FY 2021 Estimate.

BUREAU OF CONSULAR AFFAIRS: $1,979.6 million

Consular System and Technology: $359 million

The Office of Consular Systems and Technology (CA/CST) develops, deploys, and supports mission- critical Information Technology (IT) systems and infrastructure for consular operations at domestic and overseas post. The FY 2022 Request of $359 million reflects a decrease of -$42.4 million from the FY 2021 Estimate. Funding will support the continued deployment of the Next Generation Passport, Online Passport Renewal projects, and operations efficiencies related to national security.

Domestic Executive Support: $15.8 million

Domestic Executive Support includes CA leadership and support operations. The FY 2022 Request of $15.8 million reflects a decrease of -$1.1 million from the FY 2021 Estimate. This budget reflects reductions to public outreach, discretionary training, travel, and funding for contract staff.

Fraud Prevention Programs: $1.9 million

The Office of Fraud Prevention Programs (CA/FPP) ensures the integrity of the consular processes by building skills, developing techniques, and increasing data sharing to enable consular personnel to detect fraud domestically and overseas. The FY 2022 Request of $1.9 million represents a -$0.8 million decrease from the FY 2021 Estimate. The decrease reflects reduced travel and training.

Visa Services Directorate: $166.9 million

The Visa Services Directorate (VO) supports overseas posts visa adjudication and security screening activities, which are national security decisions, while ensuring officers make adjudication decisions in accordance with laws and regulations. VO works with other agencies to screen all applicants efficiently and accurately for security threats and other potential ineligibilities. In addition, VO manages all domestic case preparation for interviews overseas, including significant prescreening and anti-fraud screening. The FY 2022 Request of $166.9 million reflects an increase of +$3.4 million above the FY 2021 Estimate. This funding level maintains visa support services at anticipated workload rates. Funds will be prioritized towards in-depth screening of higher-risk visa applicants by adjudicating clearly approvable visa cases domestically.

Passport Services Directorate: $685.6 million

The Passport Services Directorate (PPT) enhances U.S. border security and facilitates legitimate international travel through comprehensive management of consular information technology systems, financial resources, and human resources in support of consular activities. Passport Services also facilitates legitimate travel with its customer service and outreach functions, such as the National Passport Information Center, which provides information and responses to public and Congressional inquiries on passport-related issues. PPT is the Department’s most visible public service program in the United States and was identified as a High-Impact Service Provider (HISP) due to its large customer base and the impact the passport application and issuance process has on U.S. citizens and nationals. The FY 2022 Request of $685.6 million is an increase of +$39.6 million above the FY 2021 Estimate. As compared to the legacy book, costs per passport book increased by 35.6 percent starting in FY 2021 due to increases in

27 costs associated with Next Generation passport books. The primary drivers of PPT’s funding request - shipping, printing, and contract costs - have been reassessed and aligned to projected workload.

Overseas Citizens Services (formerly known as American Citizen Services): $9.6 million

The Overseas Citizens Services (OCS) Directorate is responsible for the protection and safety of U.S. citizens traveling and residing abroad and supports consular sections’ emergency and nonemergency services to U.S. citizens. Funding for OCS includes support for consular crisis management, protection of children, crime victim assistance, welfare and whereabouts of citizens, voter assistance, and emergency services prevention via information programs, emergency support to imprisoned and destitute citizens. The FY 2022 Request of $9.6 million reflects a decrease of -$2.5 million from the FY 2021 Estimate. This reflects a reduction in funding for Protecting Powers agreements under which foreign governments provide services to U.S. citizens and contract positions for strategic and administrative support. This funding level maintains the Emergency Medical and Dietary Assistance program (EMDA I and II Programs) to assist destitute U.S. citizens/nationals and prisoners incarcerated abroad with emergency medical and dietary needs.

Consular Affairs Overseas Support: $736 million

Overseas Support (OS) includes all CBSP-funded expenses for consular operations at 240 posts and 40 consular agencies that provide consular services to U.S. citizens and visa services to foreign nationals visiting or immigrating to the United States. The FY 2022 Request of $736 million represents a decrease of -$149.2 million below the FY 2021 Estimate. This budget includes $331.4 million for ICASS; Post Allotments of $258.9 million; Global Support Services (GSS) costs of $140.7 million; and an overseas TDY program of $5 million. The net reduction in GSS is a result of a combination of planned deferrals, volume adjustments, and reductions to services. This funding level also reflects a +$1.4 million increase in ICASS support.

Foreign Service National Separation Liability Trust Fund: $4.9 million

The Foreign Service National (FSN) Separation Liability Trust Fund covers the accrued separation pay of foreign national employees who voluntarily resign, retire, die in service, or lose their jobs due to reduction-in-force. The request for $4.9 million is a straight-line from the FY 2021 Estimate.

CBSP SUPPORT/ DEPARTMENT OF STATE PARTNERS: $344.5 million

Bureau of Administration: $54 million

The Bureau of Administration (A Bureau) provides CA’s domestic staff with approximately 1.4 million square feet of safe, functional, and efficient office space in 30 locations across the United States. A Bureau supports CA’s allocation for real estate rent payments, capital improvements, facility maintenance and upkeep (including energy savings initiatives), modernization, and renovation management to improve space and energy use, and the consolidation of selected offices into lower cost regional centers. The FY 2022 Request of $53.9 million is a straight-line from the FY 2021 Estimate and maintains current real estate rent payments and facility maintenance.

Bureau of Diplomatic Security: $50.3 million

The Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) coordinates and facilitates investigations involving U.S. and foreign travel documents. Investigations include fraudulent issuance, acquisition, and use of U.S.

28 passports, and visa fraud cases including fraudulent issuance, procurement, counterfeiting, and forgery of U.S. visas. In coordination with CA, DS investigates fraudulent document vendors, bribery, alien smuggling, and human trafficking involving U.S. and foreign travel documents. DS also investigates allegations of corruption by U.S. citizen employees and Locally Employed (LE) staff. The FY 2022 Request of $50.3 million is a -$1.6 million decrease below the FY 2021 Estimate, due to decreases in projected workload and associated investigations.

Foreign Service Institute: $22.9 million

The Foreign Service Institute (FSI) trains and educates consular personnel in consular work, language studies, professional development, leadership, information technology, and security. FSI supports consular personnel in developing the necessary skills and expertise required of diplomats throughout their careers. The FY 2022 Request of $22.9 million represents a straight-line from the FY 2021 Estimate to reflect training enrollment projections.

Bureau of Information Resource Management: $45.3 million

The Bureau of Information Resource Management (IRM) provides systems technology and backbone support for critical visa and passport systems. The FY 2022 Request of $45.3 million is a decrease of - $0.8 million below the FY 2021 Estimate. The request reflects a revised CA personnel count, necessary maintenance or replacement of emergency mobile communication systems, and upgrades for the public key infrastructure (PKI) Program that enables the secure sharing of data across bureaus and between agencies and directly impacts the passport issuance process. The FY 2022 Request supports both domestic and overseas IT initiatives such as network/bandwidth services, data center/hosting services, SharePoint applications, Global IT Modernization (GITM) refresh, and mobile/telecommunication services.

Office of the Legal Adviser: $1.7 million

The Office of the Legal Adviser (L) provides legal advice and services to Department bureaus and officials on consular-related matters, such as interagency efforts and international negotiations, benefits, and services to U.S. citizens abroad, international children’s issues, international judicial assistance, and the performance of other consular functions by U.S. consular officers or U.S. protecting powers abroad. The FY 2022 Request of $1.7 million is a +$0.2 million increase above the FY 2021 Estimate related to the L realignment as notified in FY 2020.

Bureau of Overseas Building Operations: $124 million

The Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations (OBO) directs the worldwide overseas building program for the Department. OBO supports overseas consular facilities, including office spaces (functional leases) and housing space (residential leases) for consular personnel, CA’s share of new embassy and consulate capital construction projects through the Capital Security Cost-Sharing Program (CSCS), and targeted facility infrastructure improvement projects for consular sections overseas. The FY 2022 Request of $124 million represents a -$23.7 million decrease from the FY 2021 Estimate. The decrease reflects a reduction from the CBSP proportional share of CSCS as a result of projected decrease of consular revenue, elimination of the CA Infrastructure budget, and reduction of residential leases reflecting a decreased CA overseas presence.

29 Repatriation Loan Administration: $709,000

The CBSP account funds the administrative costs for the Repatriation Loans program, which provides short-term assistance in the form of loans to assist destitute U.S. citizens abroad to return to the United States. The FY 2022 Request of $709,000 is an +$82,000 increase from the FY 2021 Estimate due to higher labor contract costs.

Comptroller and Global Financial Services (CGFS): $977,000

The Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services (CGFS) provides financial services in support of ongoing consular-related activities, including vouchering, payroll processing, accounts payable, receivables, and refund processing. The FY 2022 Request of $977,000 is a -$40,000 decrease below the FY 2021 Estimate, reflecting lower costs associated with providing general financial support services to CA.

Criminal Investigations: $120,000

Criminal Investigations conducts certain law enforcement activities related to visa and passport fraud and provides funding for the activities in the Office of Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service. The FY 2022 Request of $120,000 is a decrease of -$33,000 from the FY 2021 Estimate, reflecting fewer visa and passport-related fraud investigations.

Post Assignment Travel: $31.3 million

Post Assignment Travel (PAT) covers the costs of training, travel, and other permanent change of station costs, including the shipment of personal property and baggage, for consular personnel. PAT is crucial for staffing worldwide missions with the trained Foreign Service staff needed to meet visa demand overseas. The FY 2022 Request of $31.3 million is a straight-line from the FY 2021 Estimate.

Bureau of Global Talent Management: $12.9 million

The mission of the Bureau of Global Talent Management (GTM) is to recruit, retain, sustain, and empower a diverse workforce equipped to advance American values, interests, and goals. GTM has the critical responsibility of hiring, developing, assigning, and supporting the Department’s greatest asset – its people. GTM supports the full life cycle of consular employees’ service with the Department by leading the recruitment, assignment, and career development processes to build an engaged and effective workforce. Consular employees represent approximately 20 percent of the Department’s Civil and Foreign Service active workforce. The FY 2022 Request of $12.9 million is a +$1.8 million increase above the FY 2021 Estimate to support inclusion of CA staffing data in Department-wide Integrated Personnel Management System and GEMS personnel system upgrades.

Bureau of Medical Services: $150,000

The Bureau of Medical Services (MED) safeguards and promotes the health and well-being of America’s diplomatic community worldwide. MED provides medical clearances for employees filling consular positions, including FS Officers, Limited Non-Career Appointments (LNAs), and Appointment Eligible Family Members (AEFMs). The FY 2022 Request of $0.2 million is an increase of +$35,000 from the FY 2021 Estimate to reflect a refined per capita cost for providing medical clearances for CA-affiliated personnel.

30 Bureau of Counterterrorism: $76,000

The Bureau of Counterterrorism focuses on U.S. border security through initiatives that enhance U.S. and foreign partners’ ability to detect terrorists and secure borders. The FY 2022 Request for $76,000 represents a -$6,000 reduction below the FY 2021 Estimate to reflect updated personnel support costs for five CBSP-funded personnel.

CBSP Salaries: $689.5 million

Human resources are the most vital component of CBSP-funded programs and activities. The Department devotes a significant amount of effort and resources toward increasing efficiency and capacity in the visa and passport processes, ensuring adequate staffing levels both domestically and overseas. The CBSP provides funding for U.S. direct-hire positions in CA and in 10 Department partner bureaus that provide consular-related services and support. The FY 2022 Request is a +$39.3 million increase above the FY 2021 Estimate. The increase supports anticipated pay raises, FERS contributions, and awards. The FY 2022 Request also reflects the continuation of funding certain DS positions through Worldwide Security Protection rather than CBSP, which began in FY 2021. The FY 2022 Request reflects salary and benefits costs for 4,371 positions, comprised of 1,731 Foreign Service (FS) and 2,640 positions for Civil Service (CS). The CBSP position totals do not include Limited Non-Career Appointment positions.

31 IT CENTRAL FUND

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate IT Central Fund 308,854 298,588 448,880 150,292 Capital Investment Fund 139,500 250,000 448,880 198,880 Expedited Passport Fees 169,354 48,588 - -48,588

The Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995, established the Capital Investment Fund (CIF) for the procurement of information technology (IT) and other related capital investments for the Department of State and to ensure the efficient management, coordination, operation, and utilization of those resources. CIF resources enable the Department of State to modernize legacy mission-critical IT systems and maintain essential IT services so that employees can carry out their responsibilities and deliver on the Department’s mission. The IT Central Fund (ITCF) has historically been comprised of the CIF appropriation and a portion of Expedited Passport Fee (EPF) revenues. Beginning with FY 2022, in accordance with the final goal of a multi-year planned transition to reduce reliance on consular fee revenue, the ITCF will be funded only through the CIF appropriation. As a result, all EPF revenues will be directed to the Bureau of Consular Affairs, which they intend to apply to the Consular Systems Technology program.

The FY 2022 President’s Budget includes a Cybersecurity Reserve of $750 million and allocates these resources to nine agencies that were most significantly impacted by the SolarWinds attack. The Department is considered one of these agencies and was allocated $101 million of the total Cybersecurity Reserve. Each of the nine agency’s cybersecurity maturation levels were reviewed in critical areas to determine the highest priority areas that required additional development. These priority areas mainly focus on core cybersecurity enhancements, including cloud security, Security Operations Center (SOC) enhancements, encryption, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), increased logging functions, and enhanced monitoring tools.

The FY 2022 CIF Request of $449 million is +$199 million over FY 2021. The increase is partially driven by completing the transition from EPF, and by the Cybersecurity Reserve allocation for critical areas of concern: cybersecurity event logging, enhancing Security Operations Center resources and capabilities to increase the response to and mitigation of potential incidents, and increased cloud security across the enterprise. The Department remains a prime target of malicious state- and non-state actors, as evidenced by the SolarWinds attack. Our investment in cybersecurity is imperative to mitigating this evolving threat landscape.

To leverage data more fully, we must also continue modernization of enterprise-wide IT systems, including financial, personnel and logistics systems. Coordinated, enterprise-level investments and procurements will result in cost savings and cost avoidance from consolidating IT licenses and maintenance; migration to cloud computing; modernizing legacy systems to increase transparency, protection, and support; leveraging Wi-Fi capabilities; and greater records compliance. The increase will also support large scale software contracts (e.g., Microsoft, Oracle, Adobe, Citrix, VMware, Salesforce, ServiceNow) that allow the Department of State to leverage significant discounts, and implementation of a modern, enterprise-wide cloud collaboration suite providing enhanced accessibility and increased storage capacity resulting in improved enterprise-wide knowledge management capabilities.

The following table reflects the distribution of the investments:

32 Funds by Program Activity ($ in thousands)

Change ITCF Activities by Bureaus FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 from FY ($ in thousands) Actuals Estimate Request 2021 Estimate ITCF Total 308,854 298,588 448,880 150,292 CIF Appropriation 139,500 250,000 448,880 198,880 EPF Revenues 113,799 41,514 - -41,514 Carry forward 55,555 7,074 - -7,074 Administration (A) 32,545 17,323 20,943 3,620 Centralized Data Collection and Integration System (CDCIS) - myData 5,759 1,964 2,859 895 FREEDOMS Enterprise-Wide FOIA System 2,084 1,067 1,067 - Global Information Services (GIS)/eRecords (State Archiving) System 4,317 4,317 4,317 - Integrated Logistics Management System (ILMS) 20,385 7,280 10,200 2,920 IT Management Services/BNET Online/Maximo - 1,494 2,500 1,006 myServices/ILMS Next Gen - 1,201 - -1,201 Arms Control, Verification and Compliance (AVC) 434 817 490 -327 Nuclear Risk Reduction Center (NRRC) 434 817 490 -327 Budget and Planning (BP) 10,176 6,882 7,119 237 Budget Systems Modernization (BSM) 9,217 4,841 7,119 2,278 Integrated Budget Execution System (IBEx) 959 2,041 - -2,041 Comptroller, Global Financial Services CGFS) 25,175 14,281 17,409 3,128 GFMS Development Network System Modernization 5,000 - - - Cloud Solution Development Network 3,500 3,791 6,500 2,709 Development of Operations and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) - 1,586 1,586 - Global Foreign Affairs Compensation System (GFACS) 8,190 3,114 3,114 - Joint Financial Management System (JFMS) 7,285 5,009 5,009 - Travel Manager/E2 1,200 781 1,200 419 Diplomatic Security (DS) - - 12,400 12,400 Cyber Resiliency with Deceptive Technology - - 3,800 3,800 Enterprise Vulnerability Scanning - - 4,750 4,750 Network Intrusion Detection Modernization / Refresh - - 2,750 2,750 Security Optimization & Attacker Emulation - - 1,100 1,100 Foreign Service Institute (FSI) 4,752 12,021 12,349 328 Continuous Learning Solution/Instructional Support 4,752 3,249 3,249 - Enterprise Operations/Learning Infrastructure 2,461 - -2,461 Training Management Solutions/Corporate Systems 6,311 9,100 2,789 Global Talent Management (GTM) 11,336 21,918 14,618 -7,300 Global Workforce Analysis and Planning (GWAP) 773 - - - Integrated Personnel Management System (IPMS)/ePerformance Modernization 10,563 21,918 14,618 -7,300

33 Funds by Program Activity ($ in thousands)

34 WORKING CAPITAL FUND

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Working Capital Fund 1,519,102 1,702,053 1,647,869 -54,184

The Working Capital Fund (WCF) operates pursuant to section 13 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2684) and does not receive direct appropriations. The WCF is a collection of 13 service centers that support administrative, information technology, procurement, post assignment travel, medical, aviation, and special issuance passport services to the diplomatic community. Funding is generated in the WCF from fees collected for the provision of goods and services to the Department, other Federal agencies, and non-Federal sources.

Collections from customers are vital to maintaining WCF services. The WCF encourages economies of scale and consistent business practices and customer service, which, in turn, control costs and avoid duplication. Like any other business, cash flow and carryover from year-to-year depend on when services are provided and when payments are received. The carryover allows the critical functions of the WCF to continue to operate smoothly at the beginning of each fiscal year and during periods where the level of revenue is adversely impacted, such as during the pandemic. Available funds also enable capital improvements for WCF activities, as necessary, without the need for direct appropriations. Estimated obligations for the 13 service centers are summarized in the table below:

Funds by Service Centers ($ in Thousands)

Change FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 from FY WCF Service Centers Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Global Publishing Solutions (A Bureau) 22,441 22,441 20,043 -2,398 Freight Forwarding (A Bureau) 327,945 350,244 341,442 -8,802 Information Technology (IRM and A Bureau) 142,955 158,582 172,824 14,242 Operations (A Bureau) 15,046 15,046 13,540 -1,506 Procurements Shared Services (A Bureau) 152,111 172,201 179,494 7,293 Library (A Bureau) 4,207 4,507 4,387 -120 Administrative Services (A Bureau) 2,858 2,858 2,960 102 Post Assignment Travel (GTM) 351,247 365,868 365,256 -612 Bureau of Medical Services (MED) 118,700 130,000 80,000 -50,000 Information Technology Desktop (IRM and A Bureau) 64,348 86,675 68,317 -18,358 Aviation (INL and A Bureau) 332,645 332,645 337,500 4,855 Office of Foreign Missions (OFM) 25,175 28,906 28,974 68 Special Issuance Passports (CA) 31,424 32,080 33,132 1,052 Total 1,591,102 1,702,053 1,647,869 -54,184

35 EMBASSY SECURITY, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE

Change from ($ in thousands) FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Embassy Security, Construction and Maintenance 1,732,987 1,950,449 1,983,149 32,700 Enduring 1,551,362 1,126,162 1,983,149 856,987 Ongoing Operations 769,800 769,055 850,722 81,667 Worldwide Security Upgrades 781,562 357,107 1,132,427 775,320 Overseas Contingency Operations 181,625 824,287 - -824,287 Ongoing Operations - - - - Worldwide Security Upgrades 424,087 824,287 - -824,287 Worldwide Security Upgrades (PY Unobligated -242,462 - - - Balance Rescission)

The Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations (OBO), funded through the Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) appropriation, is responsible for providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions overseas with secure, safe, and functional facilities that represent the U.S. Government to the host nation and support the Department’s staff in their work to achieve U.S. foreign policy objectives. These facilities represent the best of American planning, design, engineering, construction, and facility management.

The FY 2022 Request is $2.0 billion. The work supported by this request is vital, as more than 93,000 U.S. Government employees from more than 30 agencies at over 290 locations depend on the infrastructure OBO provides and maintains. The FY 2022 Request includes the Department of State’s share of the $2.2 billion Capital Security and Maintenance Cost Sharing Programs to construct and maintain, new, secure facilities, consistent with the recommendation of the Benghazi Accountability Review Board (ARB). The Maintenance Cost Sharing Program ($336 million) and the Minor Construction and Improvement Program ($100 million) help to address deferred maintenance for State’s facilities. In addition, within this total request, OBO will expand its staffing levels for facility managers, fire protection, and life safety programs.

The entire Worldwide Security Upgrades amount is requested to remain available until expended, as having access to a ‘no-year’ account allows OBO to complete critical overseas projects without interruption and to periodically realign projects’ cost savings towards emerging priorities. Overseas design and construction timeframes span several fiscal years, to include ongoing site security and project supervision activities.

36 OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Office of Inspector General 145,729 145,729 146,358 629 Enduring 90,829 90,829 91,458 629 Special Inspector General for 54,900 54,900 54,900 - Afghanistan Reconstruction1/

1/ The FY 2020 Actual and FY 2021 Estimate were funded through OCO.

The Department of State Office of Inspector General’s (OIG) oversight obligations are broad and comprehensive, involving oversight of the Department of State, U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM), and partial oversight of Department of State managed foreign assistance resources. In total, OIG is responsible for the oversight of approximately $73 billion of governmental resources.

OIG focuses its activities on fulfilling statutory mandates by identifying vulnerabilities and major management challenges, while providing constructive recommendations that help the Department and USAGM mitigate risk and improve their programs and operations.

From October 2013 through April 30, 2021, OIG published more than 750 reports, which included audits of annual financial statements, procurement activities, and funds management; inspections of Department and USAGM operations and facilities across the globe; and management alerts and management assistance reports addressing vulnerabilities requiring agency leadership’s prompt action. During this same period, OIG identified more than $2.0 billion in questioned costs and taxpayer funds that could be put to better use. This amount includes the results of criminal, civil, and administrative investigations, which led to more than $127 million in monetary results, including fines, restitution, and recoveries. While representing significant savings to the American taxpayer, these financial results do not fully measure OIG's most significant impact—its efforts to both improve the safety of U.S. personnel and facilities and to strengthen the integrity of programs, operations, and resources.

To support its FY 2022 activities, the Budget requests a total of $91.4 million for the Department of State OIG. This includes a requested increase of $0.6 million over FY 2021 levels for annual wage price increases for OIG’s staffing target level of 329 positions. The Request also provides $0.3 million for the OIG’s mandatory contribution to the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE).

The FY 2022 Request for the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) operations is $54.9 million, consistent with the FY 2021 enacted level. The FY 2022 Request will maintain current staffing levels at 176 positions. SIGAR employs auditors, investigators, attorneys, technicians, writers, analysts, and other support staff.

SIGAR continues to have the largest oversight presence in Afghanistan and is the only entity with whole- of-government statutory authority. Overall, SIGAR’s work to date has identified approximately $3.8 billion in taxpayer savings.

To help ensure standards in documenting and confirming its oversight work, SIGAR’s request includes $190,440 (0.36%) for its mandatory contribution to the CIGIE.

37 EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Educational and Cultural 730,700 740,300 741,300 1,000 Exchange Programs

The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) designs and implements educational, professional, and cultural exchange programs that promote American leadership and advance U.S. foreign policy goals. Through these exchanges, the U.S. Government engages with foreign audiences directly and individually, encouraging cross-cultural collaboration to address global challenges, while converging their views and aspirations with those of Americans. In consultation with other Department bureaus, ECA identifies global trends, selects thematic priorities, and targets emerging and current leaders who can be reached effectively through international exchanges.

People-to-people exchanges provide significant benefits to the American people and economy. Education is the nation’s fourth largest U.S. service sector export, with international students contributing $44 billion to the U.S. economy in 2019 and supporting more than 458,000 U.S. jobs. While there was an increase in the number of educational entities (from 3,474 in FY 2019 to 3,531 in FY 2020) and businesses (from 688 in FY 2019 to 957 in FY 2020) supporting ECA programs, the number of non- governmental organizations (NGO) and individuals supporting ECA programs significantly decreased (from 24,482 in FY 2019 to 8,955 in FY 2020) because of suspending in-person program activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since March 2020, ECA increased its virtual offerings for English teachers and learners, reaching over 10 million people around the world through webinars, Massive Open Online Courses, social media, and other virtual engagement. Academic and professional partnerships with foreign exchange participants bring international networks to American campuses and workplaces, while building skills and expertise for those U.S. participants who go abroad.

U.S. ambassadors depend on ECA exchanges to foster relationships with influential government, business, and civil society leaders. U.S. embassies regard exchanges as an essential instrument to connect the country team on a day-to-day basis to those who will advance specific mission goals. ECA exchanges align resources to target geographic areas and societal actors not easily reached through traditional means.

The Department’s FY 2022 Request for ECA is $741.3 million, accounting for a $1 million increase from the FY 2021 Estimate to support the Cultural Antiquities Task Force (CATF), which has previously been supported by Diplomatic Programs/Public Diplomacy funds.

Academic Programs: $365 million

The FY 2022 Request for Academic Programs is $365 million. The Request supports the Billion Futures Scholars Initiative to counter Chinese influence in the ASEAN countries. ECA will support approximately 100 undergraduate and graduate students each year from ASEAN countries to attend U.S. universities through the UGRAD and Fulbright programs. Leveraging American leadership in higher education, innovation, and entrepreneurship will build relationships for our embassies and for American communities, strengthens our economy at home and bolsters our competitiveness and security abroad. Education cooperation and joint research enables our scientists, businesses, governments, and others to work together with peers to address global challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that can threaten

38 our health, prosperity, peace, and security. ECA Academic Programs foster strong and stable civil societies that embody core values such as freedom of expression, democratic governance, and the rule of law, essential cornerstones of our Indo-Pacific Strategy and distinguish us from some competitor nations, such as China.

In the FY 2022 Request, ECA made proportional decreases from the three major programs – Fulbright, International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP), and Citizen Exchanges to offset the increase in salary funding within Exchanges Support. For FY 2021, ECA used prior year balances to support these salary costs. However, for FY 2022, ECA decided to reallocate resources within the bureau to ensure adequate funding to support their workforce going forward.

The Fulbright Program, with continued engagement of partner governments, will support more than 4,000 talented U.S. and international participants chosen for their excellence and leadership potential in priority countries that align with U.S. economic and security interests. ECA’s EducationUSA network reaches millions of prospective international students annually and helps the United States to compete in attracting talent to American institutions. The number of annual outreach contacts of the EducationUSA Global Advising network (as reported in the annual Global Guide publication for U.S. higher education) increased by three percent from 2018 to 2019 and is anticipated to increase further post-pandemic. American English Language Programs strengthen national capacities overseas for English teaching while conveying information about U.S. culture and values to target audiences. ECA will continue to develop a pipeline of American talent in strategic, hard-to-learn languages critical to the work of our diplomats, military, intelligence, and other agencies. The Gilman Program will continue to provide 700 American student Pell grantees from hundreds of colleges and universities in all 50 states with the opportunity to acquire first-hand knowledge of key regions of the world and to master the skills to compete in the international marketplace.

Professional and Cultural Exchanges: $222 million

The FY 2022 Request for Professional and Cultural Exchanges is $222 million. This is comprised of $103 million for IVLP, $113 million for Citizen Exchange Programs, and $6 million for Special Professional and Cultural Exchanges. The Request of $103 million for IVLP will expand global programming in key priority areas such as economic growth, fair trade, countering malign influences, and enhancing cybersecurity. This submission allows ECA to advance U.S. foreign policy by engaging with and influencing international civil society audiences.

Young Leaders Initiatives: $34.4 million

The FY 2022 Request for Young Leaders Initiatives is $34.4 million. Programs under the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI), the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative (YSEALI), and the Young Leaders of the Americas Initiative (YLAI) empower and bolster young business, civil society, and government leaders through academic coursework, leadership training, mentoring, networking, and follow-on support. These initiatives demonstrate American leadership, foster economic connections to U.S. interests, and provide a forum to share experiences with emerging leaders from Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, while contributing to regional peace and stability. In 2018, 34 percent of all ECA programs focused on youth, young leaders, and youth-related issues. This increased to 46 percent in 2019, and ECA will continue to increase its focus on these issues through 2022.

39 Program and Performance: $14 million

The FY 2022 Request of $14 million for Program and Performance will sustain cross-cutting program management activities that increase the U.S. Government’s return on investment in exchange programs including evaluations, alumni programs, and the U.S. Speaker Program. Additionally, the FY 2022 Request includes $1 million to support the CATF, which has previously been implemented by ECA with Diplomatic Programs/Public Diplomacy funds.

The Evaluation Division supports the ECA’s commitment to monitor and evaluate the performance of ECE funded programs. In FY 2020, the Evaluation Division piloted the new Monitoring Data for ECA (MODE) Framework, which included newly developed performance measures designed to track program performance and assess how programs are meeting goals. With full implementation of the MODE Framework in FY 2021 and 2022, ECA will begin to survey participants of all ECA programs at various points in time (post-program and one, three, five and ten years after program end) to capture ECA programming performance data.

Countering State Disinformation and Pressure: $12 million

This Request of $12 million continues programs countering state-sponsored disinformation campaigns. ECA leverages existing program models to enhance cross-border, cross-generational, and cross-platform human networks that are the most effective antidotes for addressing foreign efforts to poison public media. Funding is allocated to programs in key eligible countries that are strategically vetted with the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (EUR), the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs (SCA) and the Global Engagement Center. ECA programs develop critical thinking and media literacy skills and empower emerging and established leaders and influencers. The number of foreign participants and alumni participating in media literacy and/or journalism exchange projects increased by 7 percent from 2018-2019. This participation rate has continued to rise as ECA pivoted to more virtual programs as a result of the pandemic.

Community Engagement Exchange Program: $6 million

This Request of $6 million will sustain the Community Engagement Exchange (CEE), ECA’s core civil society exchange program, and focuses on some of the weakest countries worldwide. CEE expands the generational, geographic, and thematic reach of ECA’s professional exchanges to support a new generation of community leaders at the grass-roots level. CEE is designed for a younger cohort focused on individuals new to the civil society field with approximately two years of working or volunteer experience in 100 targeted countries and provides a strong counterpoint to continue declines in global freedom, ensuring young civil society leaders have the network, skills, and resources to support democracy around the world.

Exchanges Support: $88 million

The FY 2022 Request includes $88 million for Exchanges Support. This amount is inclusive of the following increases: +$2 million for the projected FY 2022 American Pay Raise and FERS increases, +$3 million to fill existing vacant positions, and +$2 million to increase use of virtual information technology platforms and data analysis and visualization efforts.

40 Funds by Program Activity ($ in thousands)

Change FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 from FY Activities Actual 1/ Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Academic Programs 372,835 369,835 365,133 -4,702 Fulbright Program 277,000 274,000 269,298 -4,702 McCain Fellowships and Institute 900 900 900 - American Spaces Program 15,000 15,000 15,000 - Global Academic Exchanges 62,960 62,960 62,960 - Educational Advising and Student Services 13,377 13,377 13,377 - English Language Programs 45,200 45,200 45,200 - American Overseas Research Centers 4,383 4,383 4,383 - Special Academic Exchanges 17,875 17,875 17,875 - South Pacific Exchanges 375 375 375 - Timor Leste Exchanges 375 375 375 - Mobility (Disability) Exchange Clearinghouse 475 450 450 - Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship Program 16,000 16,000 16,000 - McCain Scholars 700 700 700 - Tibet Fund 650 675 675 - Professional and Cultural Exchanges 223,588 225,610 221,742 -3,868 International Visitor Leadership Program 104,000 104,000 102,652 -1,348 Citizen Exchange Program 113,888 115,860 113,340 -2,520 TechCamps 2,028 2,000 2,000 - Special Professional and Cultural Exchanges 5,700 5,750 5,750 - Ngwang Choephel Fellows (Tibet) 700 750 750 - J.Christopher Stevens 5,000 5,000 5,000 - Young Leaders Initiatives 34,400 34,400 34,400 - Young Leaders in the Americas Initiative 6,600 6,600 6,600 - Young African Leader's Initiative 20,000 20,000 20,000 - Young South-East Asian Leaders Initiative 7,800 7,800 7,800 - Countering State Disinformation and Pressure 12,000 12,000 12,000 - Community Engagement Exchange Program 5,000 5,000 6,000 1,000 Program and Performance 9,050 12,850 13,686 836 U.S. Speaker Program 2/ 0 4,000 3,945 -55 Evaluation 3,450 3,400 3,346 -54 Alumni 5,230 5,230 5,175 -55 Virtual Exchanges - Collaboratory 370 100 100 - Cultural Heritage Center (Cultural Antiquities Task Force) 0 120 1,120 1,000 Exchanges Support 78,827 80,605 88,339 7,734 Total 735,700 740,300 741,300 1,000 1/ FY 2020 Actual includes $5 million in FY 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act supplemental balances. 2/ In FY 2020, the Department transferred from Diplomatic Programs - Public Diplomacy to ECE $2 million to support the U.S. Speaker Program. In addition, ECE provided $2 million in prior year balances.

41 REPRESENTATION EXPENSES

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Representation Expenses 7,212 7,415 7,415 -

Funds from the Representation Expenses appropriation reimburse personnel stationed overseas for entertainment of a protocol nature, primarily hosting foreign counterparts that contribute to the achievement of embassy objectives.

In FY 2022, representational activities will continue to advance the Department’s goals and objectives by promoting American security and prosperity and cultivating relations with foreign officials and key representatives of the private sector.

The FY 2022 Representation Expenses request for $7.4 million will enable Department personnel to observe host country protocols and major events, such as the installation or inauguration of national leaders, recognition of deaths or marriages of prominent citizens and national holidays. It will also allow the Department to represent the U.S. Government at cultural and traditional events overseas.

42 EMERGENCIES IN THE DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Emergencies in the Diplomatic and 267,885 7,885 8,885 1,000 Consular Service

Consistent with section 4 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2671), the Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service (EDCS) appropriation is a no-year appropriation used to meet unforeseen emergency requirements in the conduct of foreign affairs, including evacuations of U.S. Government personnel and their families overseas, and, in certain circumstances, private U.S. citizens and third country nationals, as well as other authorized activities that further the realization of U.S. foreign policy objectives. Pursuant to the authority above, EDCS was used for emergency evacuation expenses related to the novel coronavirus pandemic. This effort helped ensure the safety of over 100,000 American citizens overseas with a means to travel to safe locations throughout the world.

The EDCS appropriation funds certain engagements by senior Administration officials, such as the U.S. hosting of international conferences and participation in other diplomatic forums. These include participation in the United Nations (UN) and the Organization of American States General Assembly, the G-20 Summit, and the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue.

The Rewards category of EDCS covers the Department’s Rewards Program is used for the payment of rewards for information related to international terrorism, narcotics-related activities, transnational organized crime, and war crimes, consistent with section 36 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C 2708). The program has been instrumental in bringing to justice international terrorists, notorious narcotics traffickers, and war criminals sought by the UN International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Funds appropriated for these purposes are authorized to remain available until expended.

The Department’s FY 2022 Request for EDCS is $8.9 million, an increase of $1.0 million above the FY 2021 Estimate for rewards expenses and issuance costs. Further, $500,000 is included to support activities related to other highly sensitive matters.

The FY 2022 Request does not include funding for payments from the Rewards Program. Funding for the payment of rewards will, as needed, be drawn from transfers of Diplomatic Programs expired unobligated balances pursuant to the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2008 (Div. J, P.L. 110-161).

43 BUYING POWER MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Buying Power Maintenance - - - - Account

The Buying Power Maintenance Account (BPMA) is authorized under section 24 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2696). The BPMA is intended to offset adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates as well as overseas wage and price requirements. Funds may be transferred from this account to other accounts under the heading “Administration of Foreign Affairs” to maintain planned levels of activity. The FY 2021 end-of-year balance is projected to be $12.3 million.

The FY 2022 Request does not include direct appropriated funding for the BPMA. As in previous years, the Department will continue to use BPMA balances and related transfer authority to manage exchange rate fluctuations, as well as overseas inflation adjustments and locally employed staff wage increases.

44 PROTECTION OF FOREIGN MISSIONS AND OFFICIALS

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Protection of Foreign 30,890 30,890 30,890 - Missions and Officials

The Bureau of Diplomatic Security administers two programs for the extraordinary protection of international organizations, foreign missions and officials, and foreign dignitaries (under certain circumstances) throughout the United States. These programs are the Extraordinary Protection of International Organizations, Foreign Missions and Officials in New York, and the Extraordinary Protection of International Organizations, Foreign Missions and Officials elsewhere in the United States. This work is done under the authority of the Foreign Missions Act (22 U.S.C. § 4314).

The Protection of Foreign Missions and Officials (PFMO) program is essential to the protection of foreign missions and their personnel within the United States, as stipulated in the Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic and Consular Relations.

The PFMO program was created to monetarily compensate, in part, U.S. law enforcement agencies at the municipal, state, and federal levels, along with qualified security professionals, for extraordinary services provided for the protection of foreign missions and officials. Payment may be made for extraordinary protective services as set forth in the Foreign Missions Act. Prior to payment, the Department must validate and certify each expense as proper and accurate. As funding remains available, validated claims are paid promptly.

The FY 2022 Request is $30.9 million and includes the authority, first provided in section 7034(j) of P.L. 113-76, to transfer expired, unobligated balances from the Diplomatic Programs account to the PFMO account.

45 REPATRIATION LOANS PROGRAM ACCOUNT

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Repatriation Loans 1,300 2,500 1,300 -1,200 Program Account

The FY 2022 Request for the Repatriation Loans Program Account is $1.3 million, a $1.2 million decrease from the FY 2021 Estimate, accounting for emergency funding. The decrease reflects a reduction in need as compared to the surge in demand experienced during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. These funds will allow the Department to subsidize the Repatriation Loans Program consistent with the Credit Reform Act of 1990.

The FY 2022 subsidy rate is 46.58 percent, and the requested amount enables a loan level of approximately $2.8 million. Permissive transfer authority of up to $1 million from the Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service account would, if exercised, enable an additional $2.1 million in loan authority.

Administrative costs for Repatriation Loans are requested in the Consular and Border Security Programs chapter.

46 PAYMENT TO THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE IN TAIWAN

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Payment to the American 31,963 31,963 32,583 620 Institute in Taiwan

Created in 1979 as a nonprofit corporation pursuant to the Taiwan Relations Act, the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) plays a critical role in managing the extraordinarily broad and complex unofficial relationship between the United States and the authorities of Taiwan. The relationship is crucial for the maintenance of close security, economic, and people-to-people ties with the people of Taiwan. This relationship significantly benefits the American economy and people and is an essential element of U.S. efforts in Asia. Taiwan is the United States’ tenth-largest trading partner, with two-way trade in goods and services estimated to be $104 billion annually.

AIT’s 16-acre New Office Compound (NOC) has been completed and fully occupied since the third quarter of FY 2019. This facility consolidated the 467 staff members in Taipei into a single modern, secure facility. The $254 million NOC represents a significant investment by the United States and signifies the importance of its unofficial relationship with Taiwan.

The Department’s FY 2022 Request is $32.6 million, a slight increase over the FY 2021 Estimate, to support overseas price inflation and locally employed staff wage increases. AIT will continue its cost savings measures by lengthening maintenance services, gaining efficiencies through operational measures, and limiting core travel and training.

47 CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

($ in thousands) FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from Actual Estimate Request FY 2021 Estimate Contributions to International 1,473,806 1,505,928 1,662,928 157,000 Organizations Enduring 1,377,566 1,409,688 1,662,928 253,240 Overseas Contingency Operations 96,240 96,240 - -96,240

The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is currently the source of funding for annual U.S. assessed contributions to 43 international organizations, including the United Nations, organizations in the United Nations System such as the International Atomic Energy Agency and the International Civil Aviation Organization, and other international organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

The FY 2022 CIO Request for the UN, UN-affiliated agencies, and other international organizations provides funding for international programs and organizations whose missions substantially advance U.S. foreign policy interests. The request also reflects the expectation that international organizations should rein in costs, enhance their accountability and transparency, and improve efficiency and effectiveness, as well as that the funding burden be shared more equitably among members.

By combining resources and expertise provided by nations from every part of the world, international organizations undertake coordinated efforts that may serve as effective alternatives to acting unilaterally or bilaterally, especially in the areas of providing humanitarian assistance, eradicating disease, setting food and transportation safety standards, and reaching agreement to impose sanctions on rogue states and actors. International organizations facilitate collective action by the world community to combat violent extremism; limit the spread of nuclear and chemical weapons; achieve balanced and sustainable economic growth; and forge solutions to the threats of armed conflict, hunger, poverty, and climate change.

International organizations offer significant benefits to U.S. taxpayers. Nearly every Federal agency relies on international organizations to help advance foreign and domestic objectives. Countless U.S. businesses and citizens depend on international organizations to reduce barriers to trade, improve border and port security, obtain international patent and trademark protection, set standards for aviation and maritime security, maintain the world's telecommunications networks, harmonize international law in the areas of child custody, support, and international adoption, and disseminate information about the supply and demand of vital commodities.

The FY 2022 Request is $1,662.9 million, an increase of $157.0 million above the FY 2021 Estimate. The Request fully funds requirements in FY 2022 for each organization funded through the account using March 2021 exchange rates. The amount requested includes $82.4 million to pay arrears for the UN regular budget resulting from withholdings related to human rights activities in FY 2018 through FY 2020. The request also includes $25.6 million for reimbursing federal, state, and local income taxes paid by American citizens working at organizations funded through the account.

48 Resource Summary ($ in Thousands)

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Activities FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate United Nations Regular Budget 673,357 677,764 697,883 20,119 International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals 9,530 9,618 9,618 - Food and Agriculture Organization 109,310 112,307 111,515 -792 International Atomic Energy Agency 105,356 113,301 113,673 372 International Civil Aviation Organization 16,084 16,749 17,779 1,030 International Labor Organization 87,017 92,920 92,521 -399 International Maritime Organization 1,086 1,173 1,174 1 International Telecommunication Union 10,709 10,918 10,576 -342 Universal Postal Union 2,713 2,675 2,827 152 World Health Organization 120,777 121,431 123,560 2,129 World Intellectual Property Organization 1,189 1,219 1,211 -8 World Meteorological Organization 14,609 16,089 15,650 -439 Subtotal, UN and Affiliated Agencies 1,151,737 1,176,164 1,197,987 21,823 Organization of American States 50,751 48,687 45,890 -2,797 Pan American Health Organization 65,766 64,815 63,938 -877 Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture 17,435 16,745 15,820 -925 Pan American Institute of Geography and History 324 324 324 - Subtotal, Inter-American Organizations 134,276 130,571 125,972 -4,599 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 73,196 80,144 79,399 -745 North Atlantic Treaty Organization 58,949 51,236 54,596 3,360 NATO Parliamentary Assembly 993 777 767 -10 The Pacific Community 1,333 1,421 1,397 -24 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation 978 993 993 - Colombo Plan Council for Technical Cooperation 17 17 17 - Subtotal, Regional Organizations 135,466 134,588 137,169 2,581 Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons 17,443 19,762 19,725 -37 World Trade Organization 23,877 24,998 24,417 -581 Customs Cooperation Council 3,693 4,027 3,955 -72 Hague Conference on Private International Law 254 274 292 18 International Agency for Research on Cancer 1,856 1,999 1,993 -6 International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration 69 75 75 - International Bureau of Weights and Measures 1,272 1,334 1,393 59 International Center for Study of Preservation Cultural Property 925 958 958 - International Copper Study Group 29 36 32 -4 International Cotton Advisory Committee 288 294 294 - International Grains Council 409 443 440 -3 International Hydrographic Organization 113 118 119 1 International Institute for the Unification of Private Law 144 149 149 - International Lead and Zinc Study Group 33 34 34 - International Organization of Legal Metrology 126 132 132 - International Renewable Energy Agency 4,442 3,949 4,572 623 International Seed Testing Association 17 23 23 - International Tropical Timber Organization 285 286 286 - International Union for Conservation of Nature 520 525 526 1 International Union for Protection of New Varieties of Plants 285 285 286 1 World Organization for Animal Health 242 259 242 -17 Bureau of International Expositions 101 106 106 - Subtotal, Other International Organizations 56,423 60,066 60,049 -17

49 Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Activities FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Total Contributions Not Including TRA1 1,477,902 1,501,389 1,521,177 19,788 TRA Total for All Organizations 25,602 25,602 25,602 - Total Annual Requirements Including TRA 1,503,504 1,526,991 1,546,779 19,788 Adjustments to Contributions U.S. Share of the Human Rights Council Costs2 -7,849 - - - U.S. Share of Human Rights Mandates and Activities2 -20,155 - - - Payment of World Intellectual Property Organization Arrears3 738 - - - Payment of CY 2018 and 2019 UN Regular Budget Arrears4 7,659 7,775 - - Non-payment of CY 2019 UN Regular Budget Assessment -7,775 - - - Application of Estimated UN Tax Equalization Fund Credits5 - -36,946 -18,446 - Non-payment of CY 2019 World Health Organization Assessment -62,943 - - - Payment of CY 2018 and 2019 World Health Organization Arrears - 81,543 - - Payment of Human Rights-related UN Arrears6 - - 82,400 82,400 Funds potentially subject to P.L. 101-146 and P.L. 103-236 - - 75,000 75,000 Total Adjustments to Contributions -90,325 52,372 138,954 157,400 Subtotal, Contributions after Adjustments 1,413,179 1,579,363 1,685,733 106,370 Appropriated Funds and Request Enduring Contributions to International Organizations 1,377,566 1,409,688 1,662,928 253,240 Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funds 96,240 96,240 - -96,240 Total Appropriated Funds and Request 1,473,806 1,505,928 1,662,928 157,000 Year-end Funds to Buydown Requirements FY 2019 Funds to Buy Down Deferred CY 2019 UN Assessment 22,540 - - - FY 2020 OCO Funds to Apply to CY 2020 UN Assessment - 96,240 - - FY 2021 Year-end Balance Applied to FY 2022 22,805 Total Appropriated and Buydown Funds 1,496,346 1,602,168 1,685,733 - FY 2020 OCO Funds Remaining at Year-end 96,240 - - - Estimated Year-end Balance - 22,805 - - 1 Estimates are as of March 31, 2021. 2 Amounts of funds were withheld from contributions for the CY 2019 UN regular budget assessment. 3 FY 2020 amount represents arrears resulting from 15 percent withholdings in FY 2015 through FY 2018 pursuant to section 7048(a) of the Department's appropriations acts. This amount, which the Department provided to WIPO for operating expenses that are financed through payment of assessed contributions, is in addition to the amount of the WIPO assessment in the FY 2020 June 2020 Estimates col umn 4 FY 2020 amount represents the payment of arrears resulting from the balance of assessments not paid in FY 2019. 5 FY 2022 amount is an estimated amount of credits that will enable payment of FY 2022 assessments in full. 6 Amount represents arrears resulting from non-payment of contributions for UN regular budget assessments for calendar years CY 2017, 2018, and 2019 due to human rights-related withholdings.

50 CONTRIBUTIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITIES

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Contributions for International 1,526,283 1,456,214 1,928,614 472,400 Peacekeeping Activities Enduring 537,627 750,220 1,928,614 1,178,394 Overseas Contingency Operations 988,656 705,994 - -705,994

The Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account funds expenses of international peacekeeping activities directed to the maintenance or restoration of international peace and security. The principal use of CIPA funding is to support United Nations (UN) peacekeeping, which promotes the peaceful resolution of conflict.

The FY 2022 Request of $1.9 billion reflects the Administration’s goal of fully funding UN peacekeeping and paying down recently accumulated arrears. The request would fund the 2022-2023 estimated peacekeeping budgets. Additionally, $300 million of the request will be used as the first of two payments, over two fiscal years, to pay back cap-related UN peacekeeping arrears accumulated in the past four years.

UN peacekeeping operations include: • UNAMID (Darfur, Sudan) is required to draw down by June 30, 2021, following the expiration of its mandate on December 31, 2020. It will then begin its liquidation period for another 12-18 months.

• MONUSCO (Democratic Republic of the Congo) supported the DRC’s presidential elections in late 2018 and political transition in early 2019 and should focus its footprint in priority areas as it continues developing a transition strategy for gradual drawdown and exit in as few as three years, in a best-case scenario. MONUSCO serves U.S. national security interests in Africa by advancing regional stability, strengthening rule of law, consolidating peace, and protecting civilians. MONUSCO also provides support for the Ebola response and is mandated to conduct offensive operations in coordination with the DRC government’s forces against the Allied Democratic Forces, an ISIS-affiliated armed group in eastern DRC.

• UNISFA (Abyei, Sudan/South Sudan) continues to be an essential stabilizing presence in the disputed Abyei area between Sudan and South Sudan, given the enduring stalemate over the region’s status. While a final political solution to this dispute remains elusive, the Administration will press the parties and the UN to remove impediments that keep the mission from adapting and operating as mandated.

• UNMISS (South Sudan) will continue to focus on protecting civilians, monitoring, and investigating human rights abuses, creating conditions conducive to the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and supporting the peace process. The Administration continues to press for progress in implementing the peace agreement and for full freedom of movement for the mission as well as unhindered humanitarian access.

51 • MINUSMA (Mali) will continue to press for implementation of the Algiers peace agreement and assist the Malian authorities in protecting civilians, reducing intercommunal violence, and re- establishing state authority in the North and Central Mali. The mission does this in close coordination with French-led regional counter-terrorist forces and nascent Malian security forces. It is in the U.S. national security interest to mitigate the international terrorist threat in Mali by sharing the burden of regional peacekeeping operations with our African and European partners. The administration is pressing the transition government to hold free and fair elections as scheduled.

• MINUSCA (Central African Republic) will continue to protect civilians against armed group violence, support implementation of the peace agreement, facilitate the creation of a secure environment for delivery of humanitarian assistance, and prepare for legislative and local elections in 2021 and 2022. In 2021, the Security Council approved the Secretary-General’s request to increase MINUSCA’s force levels by 2,750 troops and 940 police. MINUSCA has played and continues to play a key supporting role in CAR’s democratic transition and election cycle, from the post-conflict transitional government in 2015 through two presidential elections.

• UNIFIL (Lebanon) will continue to maintain security and stability in southern Lebanon along the border with Israel, despite the conflict in Syria, which has had a destabilizing effect on the region. While UNIFIL has not been allowed full access to suspected tunnel sites and other areas of concern along the border demarcation (known as the “Blue Line”) as required by its mandate, the mission still serves a priority U.S. national security interest by maintaining security and stability between Israel and Lebanon and assisting the Lebanese Government in extending its authority over southern Lebanon. This in turn helps to prevent Hizballah and other militias from being able to launch attacks against Israel.

• UNMIK (Kosovo) will continue to support the promotion of security, stability, and respect for human rights in Kosovo.

• UNFICYP (Cyprus) will continue to maintain the stability necessary for the re-start of UN- facilitated, Cypriot-led settlement talks, the aim of which is the reunification of Cyprus under the UN Security Council-approved framework of a bizonal, bicommunal, federation. The mission serves U.S. national security priorities by preserving peace in the eastern Mediterranean and reducing the likelihood of a broader regional conflict involving NATO allies Greece and Turkey.

• UNDOF (Golan Heights) is expected to complete its return to full operational capacity on the Syrian side of the buffer zone in 2021. The mission continues to monitor the ceasefire between Israel and Syria according to the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement. The mission serves a priority U.S. national security interest by limiting conflict in this volatile region through monitoring and liaison.

• MINURSO (Western Sahara) will continue to monitor the volatile situation in Western Sahara and support the UN in re-establishing the 30-year-old ceasefire broken in November 2020 and achieving a just, lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution. The mission serves a critical U.S. national security priority by promoting regional stability, reducing the likelihood of conflict between Morocco and Algeria, and protecting critical U.S. equities in the bilateral U.S.-Moroccan relationship.

The Department is also requesting funding for the following:

• UN International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals continue to do critical war crimes accountability work in follow-up to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

52 Mission Monitoring and Effectiveness Support funds will continue to support costs associated with the IO Bureau’s oversight of and travel to UN peacekeeping missions at least once a year to review missions’ effectiveness and efficiency as measured against the U.S. principles of peacekeeping policy.

Resource Summary ($ in Thousands)

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Activities FY 2021 Actuals2 Estimate2 Request3 Estimate Activities UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) 8,722 9,907 15,735 5,828 UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) 18,847 20,502 20,502 - UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) 143,011 144,789 144,789 - UN Mission Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) 17,220 14,822 16,392 1,570 UN Interim Administration Mission Kosovo (UNMIK) 11,850 10,245 11,838 1,593 UN-AU Hybrid Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) 127,339 - - - UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) 340,192 313,365 313,365 - UN International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (UNIRMCT) 12,081 12,830 12,830 - The United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) 78,963 78,866 78,866 - UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) 352,784 387,051 369,961 -17,090 UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) 356,046 381,136 359,363 -21,773 UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) 280,700 325,285 325,285 - Mission Monitoring and Effectiveness 100 100 100 - Total, Activities 1,747,855 1,698,897 1,669,026 -29,871

Adjustments to Assessments UN Auto-Application of Credits to Reduce Amounts Payable -24,276 - - - Subtotal, Assessments after Adjustments 1,723,579 1,698,897 1,669,026 (29,871)

Adjustments to Contributions Contributions Not Payable Due to Application of the Statutory Cap -181,323 -176,032 - 176,032 Payments of Cap-Related Arrears from FY 2017- FY 2020 300,000 300,000 Subtotal, Contributions after Adjustments 1,542,256 1,522,865 1,969,026 476,032

Appropriated Funds and Request Enduring Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities 537,727 750,320 1,928,614 1,178,294 Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funds1 988,656 705,994 - -705,994 Total Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities 1,526,383 1,456,314 1,928,614 472,300

Prior-Year Carryforward Funds FY 2019 Carryforward into FY 2020 123,037 - - - FY 2020 Carryforward into FY 2021 - 107,064 - -107,064 FY 2021 Estimated Carryforward into FY 2022 - - 40,412 40,412 Total Appropriated and Carryforward Funds 1,649,420 1,563,378 1,969,026 405,649

Transfer to Diplomatic Programs (DP) for Mission Monitoring and Effectiveness -100 -100 - 100

Estimated Funds Remaining 107,064 40,412 - -40,412 1 OCO-funded missions include: UNDOF, UNIFIL, UNAMID, MINURSO, MONUSCO, UNISFA, UNMISS, MINUSMA, and MINUSCA. 2 FY 2020 assessment amounts are at the actual U.S. assessment rate of 27.8908. FY 2021 estimated assessment amounts are based on the actual U.S. assessment rate of 27.8908 for CY 2021. The Department does not have the U.S assessment rate for calendar years 2022 through 2024, which will be approved by the UN General Assembly in December 2021. 3 FY 2022 Request levels represent estimated contributions pending negotiations on overall UN peacekeeping budgets and U.S. assessed contributions.

53 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate International Boundary 85,070 98,770 98,770 - and Water Commission IBWC - Construction 36,900 49,000 46,800 -2,200 IBWC - Salaries and 48,170 49,770 51,970 2,200 Expenses

The International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) is a binational commission established to implement boundary and water treaties and international agreements between the United States and Mexico. The IBWC has a United States Section (USIBWC) and a Mexican Section (MXIBWC), which the respective countries fund and administer independently. The USIBWC is headquartered in El Paso, Texas and receives foreign policy guidance from the U.S. Department of State. The U.S. Section also has a diplomatic liaison located in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs’ Office of Mexican Affairs, and twelve field offices along the United States-Mexico border. These field offices operate and maintain domestic and international works authorized under treaty.

The agency operates and maintains nearly 100 hydrologic gaging stations, over 20,000 acres of floodplains, 500 miles of levees, 440 miles of river and interior floodway channels, four diversion dams, two international storage dams and associated hydroelectric power plants, roughly 700 hydraulic structures, two international wastewater treatment plants, and one-half of all boundary monuments and markers on the land boundary and at international ports of entry.

The FY 2022 Request for Salaries and Expenses (S&E) is $51.9 million. This appropriation funds the agency’s administrative expenses and supports engineering activities, including those that are intended to protect lives and property from floods in bordering communities. The appropriation also preserves the clear demarcation of the U.S.-Mexico border while addressing binational sanitation issues through wastewater treatment.

The FY 2022 Request for IBWC Construction is $46.8 million. Planned uses of funds include continuing support for the Amistad Dam, rehabilitating the Nogales main collector line, and improving security at USIBWC facilities and its critical infrastructure.

54 INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES COMMISSIONS

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate International Fisheries 62,718 62,846 62,846 - Commissions

The FY 2022 Request provides $62.8 million for the International Fisheries Commissions (IFC) to fund the U.S. share of operating expenses for ten international fisheries commissions, the International Whaling Commission, two international marine science organizations, the Arctic Council, the Antarctic Treaty, and international shark and sea turtle conservation initiatives. These levels also include travel expenses of the U.S. Commissioners, and compensation payments to non-government employees for the days worked as U.S. Commissioners to the Pacific Salmon Commission.

In most cases, U.S. contributions are required by treaties and agreements and are critical to maintaining U.S. leadership and protecting the interests of diverse U.S. stakeholders. Each commission facilitates international cooperation by conducting or coordinating scientific studies of fish stocks and other marine resources and their habitats and establishing common management measures to be implemented by member governments. Many also oversee the allocation of fishing rights to their members. Full payment of assessments is required to maintain voting privileges and influence in the commissions and organizations to advance the economic and conservation interests of the United States and important constituent groups.

Through the ongoing efforts of the commissions and programs funded by this appropriation, many fishing areas that were nearly depleted are now yielding sustainable catches for U.S. commercial and sport fishermen, and some key endangered populations are recovering. The commercial and recreational fisheries managed by the commissions generate income of $12 to $15 billion annually and support thousands of U.S. jobs.

55 Funds by Program Activity ($ in Thousands)

Change FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 from FY Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) 47,060 47,060 47,060 - Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 1,750 1,750 1,750 - (IATTC) International Pacific Halibut Commission (IPHC) 4,532 4,582 4,582 - Pacific Salmon Commission (PSC) 5,935 5,935 5,935 - Other Marine Conservation Organizations 3,441 3,519 3,519 - Artic Council Secretariat 125 125 125 - Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ATS) 62 62 62 - Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic 125 125 125 - Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) Expenses of the United States Commissioners 145 151 151 - International Commission for the Conservation of 325 350 350 - Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 225 225 225 - (ICES) International Sea Turtle Conservation 200 200 200 - International Shark Conservation Programs 100 100 100 - International Whaling Commission (IWC) 178 180 180 - North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization 45 45 45 - (NASCO) North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission 180 180 180 - (NPAFC) North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC) 100 100 100 - North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) 131 146 146 - Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) 150 180 180 - South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management 100 100 100 - Organization (SPRFMO) Western & Central Pacific Fisheries Commission 1,250 1,250 1,250 - (WCPFC) Total 62,718 62,846 62,846 -

56 AMERICAN SECTIONS

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate American Sections 15,008 15,008 15,008 - Border Environment Cooperation 2,902 1,902 1,902 - Commission International Boundary Commission 2,304 2,304 2,304 - International Joint Commission 9,802 10,802 10,802 -

Border Environment Cooperation Commission

The FY 2022 Request includes funds that may be used to continue addressing environmental infrastructure needs in the border region between the United States and Mexico.

International Boundary Commission

The FY 2022 Request provides $2.3 million for the International Boundary Commission (IBC). This funding supports the maintenance of an accurately delineated and marked boundary between the United States and Canada, consistent with the mandate of the 1925 Treaty of Washington.

Maintaining this boundary ensures the sovereignty of each nation and limits the potential for serious and costly boundary disputes. The IBC maintains more than 5,500 land boundary monuments and more than 2,800 reference monuments and will continue to provide for the ongoing mapping and maintenance of a Geographical Information System.

International Joint Commission

The FY 2022 Request provides $10.8 million for the International Joint Commission (IJC). This funding will support the activities of the U.S. Section staff in Washington, DC, and a binational Great Lakes Regional Office in Windsor, Canada.

The 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty established the IJC, which acts as a cornerstone of U.S.-Canadian relations along the border. The IJC reviews uses, obstructions, or diversions of boundary waters in one country that affect water levels and flows in the other, advises each government and conducts studies on critical issues of mutual concern, and assesses progress in restoration of water quality in the Great Lakes. The IJC’s model for preventing and resolving disputes is scientifically-based, inclusive, and open to public input. Numerous boards and task forces, plus various related technical working groups and committees, assist the Commission with expert advice on science and policy issues.

57 THE ASIA FOUNDATION

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate The Asia Foundation 19,000 20,000 20,000 -

The Asia Foundation (TAF) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) that advances U.S. government interests in the Indo-Pacific region. Working through its network of 18 permanent offices throughout Asia, including in countries of particular importance to the United States, such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Burma, Indonesia, and China, TAF is well-recognized for solving local and regional problems in cooperation with host governments, local NGOs, and private sector partners. TAF’s programs focus on governance, economic reform and development, women’s empowerment, environment and climate action, and international and regional relations utilizing local credibility and nuanced understanding of the issues facing each country. TAF mobilizes as opportunities arise for immediate impact, makes strategic grants, and implements longer term programs in support of U.S. foreign policy objectives.

TAF often is able to engage in situations and locations in which the U.S. government is not able to work directly. TAF partners with U.S. embassies, especially in countries where staff movement is constrained by the local security context. Building on its longstanding history in the region, TAF is seen as a neutral actor supporting conflict resolution, mediation, and monitoring of peace processes, particularly in conflict areas, such as in southern Thailand, Mindanao in the Philippines, Burma, and Afghanistan. TAF programs also advance religious and ethnic tolerance in the region, including in Indonesia and Malaysia, and helps promote human rights across the region.

The FY 2022 Request provides $20.0 million to sustain operating costs, programs in the Indo-Pacific, and response to post-COVID challenges. TAF will also undertake expanded programming in the Pacific Island nations.

58 EAST-WEST CENTER

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate East-West Center 16,700 19,700 19,700 -

The Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange between East and West (EWC) was established by an act of Congress as part of the Mutual Security Act of 1960. Its purpose is to promote better relations and understanding between the United States and the nations of Asia and the Pacific through cooperative study training, and research. The EWC has promoted U.S. foreign policy interests and people-to-people engagement in the Asia Pacific region for 60 years and continues to foster understanding of U.S. policies and values, to build networks, and to leverage funds through more than 1,000 institutional partnerships in 80 countries and in the United States.

The EWC programs and activities address national and regional issues while providing a consistent U.S. presence in the region, helping ensure the security, stability, and freedom needed for enduring prosperity in the region.

The FY 2022 Request of $19.7 million will sustain long-standing programs, activities, and grant support to advance the interests and values of the U.S. through the promotion of the rule of law, free flow of information, ethical academic and business practices, and good governance.

59 NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY

Change from FY 2020 FY 2020 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate

National Endowment for Democracy 300,000 300,000 300,000 -

The National Endowment for Democracy (NED) is a bipartisan, non-governmental organization with the single mission of advancing democracy in the world through arms-length, day-to-day diplomacy. NED is dedicated to fostering the growth of a wide range of democratic institutions abroad, including political parties, trade unions, free markets, and business organizations. NED seeks to strengthen civil society by supporting human rights, independent media, and the application of the rule of law. The National Endowment for Democracy Act (P.L. 98-164) passed in 1983, authorizes NED to receive U.S. government funding as a private non-profit organization. NED has a structure that encompasses the vital political, labor, and economic dimensions of democracy.

NED’s independent, bipartisan Board of Directors approves all NED grants, and awards more than 1,600 grants per year. NED’s grants program is bolstered by the International Forum for Democratic Studies, a democracy research center that publishes the Journal of Democracy and administers the Reagan-Fascell Fellows Program; the World Movement for Democracy, a global hub for democracy networking and solidarity; and the Center for International Media Assistance, which studies and makes recommendations on strengthening media assistance abroad.

Continuing on the path of the FY 2021 President’s Budget Request, the FY 2022 Request is $300 million, which will enable NED to continue to focus on smaller organizations, while providing grants in priority countries and regions.

60 CENTER FOR MIDDLE EASTERN-WESTERN DIALOGUE (HOLLINGS CENTER)

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Center for Middle Eastern-Western 245 204 180 -24 Dialogue (Hollings Center)

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004 (P.L. 108-199) created the International Center for Middle Eastern-Western Dialogue Trust Fund (Trust Fund) to support the operations of the Hollings Center. Funds in the Trust Fund are invested only in interest-bearing securities guaranteed by the United States. The net interest and earnings from such investments are credited to the Trust Fund and are also made available, subject to annual appropriation, for operations of the Hollings Center.

The Hollings Center was created to focus on opening, fostering, and reinforcing networks and connections between the United States and the predominantly Muslim world, particularly in the post-9/11 environment. Its mission is to promote dialogue between the United States and the nations with predominantly Muslim populations in order to open channels of communication, expand people-to-people contacts, generate new thinking on important international issues, and identify solutions. The Center’s success contributes to the realization of shared goals for regional peace and greater economic growth and prosperity.

The FY 2022 Request reflects $180,000 in projected net interest earned for the Hollings Center in FY 2022, which would be utilized in FY 2023. The Hollings Center anticipates an overall operating budget of $775,000 in FY 2022 to support dialogues, workshops, and grants for ongoing research, professional development, and exchanges. Ongoing fundraising efforts by the Hollings Center may support additional programming.

61 EISENHOWER EXCHANGE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Eisenhower Exchange 270 93 170 77 Fellowship Program

The Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program (EEFP) was created in 1953 to honor President Eisenhower. The EEFP brings outstanding professionals who are emerging leaders in their countries to the United States and sends American counterparts abroad, each with a tailored individualized program. EEFP identifies, empowers, and links emerging leaders from around the world, helping them achieve consequential outcomes across sectors and borders and providing a transformational experience leading to a lifetime engagement in a global network.

EEFP continues to provide first-hand exposure for learning and networking opportunities for mid-career international and U.S. leaders in preparation for increasingly senior positions in government, business, and non-governmental organizations; exposing them to the best practices in building democratic institutions and free markets; and advancing peace through increased international dialogue, understanding, and collaboration that result from an active global leadership network.

The FY 2022 Request for the EEFP of $170,000 is based on projected interest earnings. The EEFP will continue to seek private sector development efforts to maintain an appropriate number of fellowships.

62 ISRAELI ARAB SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Israeli Arab Scholarship 124 119 119 - Program

The Israeli Arab Scholarship Program (IASP) is authorized under section 214 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (P.L. 102-138). Established in 1992, the IASP consists of a permanent endowment with funds made available under section 556(b) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act of 1990 (as amended by section 551 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriation Act, 1991).

IASP funds two-year scholarships to outstanding Israeli-Arab students to pursue higher education programs at U.S. institutions. IASP participants enhance their educational and professional competencies, contribute to society and culture in the United States by sharing their experiences with Americans, and increase skills to advance underserved communities in Israel at risk of political violence and extremist ideology, thereby promoting greater regional and global security. One of the program’s key strengths is its outreach to underserved audiences, including women, with participants selected from diverse ethnic, religious, and geographic sectors.

The FY 2022 Request of $119,000 reflects the estimated interest earnings in FY 2022. IASP funds are invested only in interest-bearing securities guaranteed by the United States. Interest from such investments is credited to the Fund and made available subject to an annual appropriation to carry out the scholarship program.

63 INTERNATIONAL CHANCERY CENTER

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate International Chancery 743 2,743 743 -2,000 Center

The International Chancery Center (ICC), authorized by the International Center Act in 1968, is a diplomatic enclave located on a 47-acre lot in northwest D.C., near the intersection of Connecticut Avenue and Van Ness Street. According to the Act, “The Secretary of State is authorized to sell or lease to foreign governments…property owned by the United States, in order to facilitate the conduct of foreign relations by the Department of State…through the creation of a more propitious atmosphere for the establishment of foreign government and international organization offices and other facilities.”

The FY 2022 Request of $743,000 supports the ICC annual security and maintenance costs. The $2.0 million decrease below the FY 2021 Estimate non-recurs a one-time increase for emergency repairs.

64 FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY FUND

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Foreign Service Retirement 158,900 158,900 158,900 - and Disability Fund

This appropriation provides mandatory funding for the Payment to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund (FSRDF) and serves as one of several sources of income, including portions from the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The FSRDF is comprised of two separate retirement systems, the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System (FSRDS) and the Foreign Service Pension System (FSPS). This fund was established to provide pension payments to all eligible retired and disabled members, former spouses, and survivors of the Foreign Service enrolled in either of the two systems. It is maintained through multiple sources of income that include contributions by employees, agency contributions, special government contributions, interest on investments, and voluntary contributions. The FY 2022 Request is $158.9 million, which is equivalent to prior year levels, to fulfill continued installments of the agency contributions.

A separate payment into the FSRDF, supplemental to this appropriation, is authorized under the Foreign Service Act of 1980, including section 821 (which authorizes additional funding necessary to fulfill payments for future benefits that consist of the following: new or liberalized benefits, new groups of beneficiaries, and/or increased salaries); section 822 ( which authorizes a supplemental payment to finance unfunded liability attributable to military service payments and interest accruals); and section 857 (which authorizes an employer contribution into the FSPS based on an amortization of an annual valuation). The amount of this separate payment is equal to the balance of annual costs to the Fund in excess of current employee and employer contributions.

As a mandatory program, these resources are not included in the total summary of funds for discretionary appropriations.

65 U.S. AGENCY FOR GLOBAL MEDIA (USAGM)

Change from ($ in Thousands) FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate U.S Agency for Global Media 810,396 802,957 810,396 7,439 (USAGM) Broadcasting Capital 11,700 9,700 9,700 - Improvements International Broadcasting 798,696 793,257 800,696 7,439 Operations

The U.S. Agency for Global Media’s (USAGM) Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 Request of $810.4 million provides $800.7 million for International Broadcasting Operations (IBO) and $9.7 million for Broadcasting Capital Improvements (BCI). USAGM uses IBO funds to operate its public service media organizations, along with related program delivery and support activities. The $9.7 million in BCI funding will maintain the worldwide transmission network of USAGM, including technology improvements, the security requirements of facilities, maintenance, and repairs.

USAGM is an independent federal agency responsible for all United States non-military international media. The agency is comprised of two federal entities: Voice of America (VOA) and the Office of Cuba Broadcasting (OCB). USAGM also oversees four agency-sponsored non-federal entities: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Radio Free Asia (RFA), the Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN), and the Open Technology Fund (OTF).

USAGM’s mission is to inform, engage, and connect people around the world in support of freedom and democracy. Its radio, television, internet, digital, and mobile programs reach 354 million people each week in 62 languages. By delivering professional, accurate, and objective content to this audience, USAGM serves as both: 1) a leading source for news and information about the United States, its people, society, government, and policies; and 2) a provider of compelling, contextualized reporting on issues that local media—often controlled or influenced by their ruling regimes—fail to cover, ranging from public health information related to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic to corruption among local government officials. In addition, USAGM’s newest grantee, OTF, offers unfettered, secure access to USAGM content by developing tools and technology to bolster internet freedom and counter attempts by authoritarian governments to censor the internet and restrict freedom online. With the requested funding, USAGM will target programming in key markets such as China, Russia, and Iran; countries in the Middle East and Africa dealing with violent extremism; and countries where climate change, public health crises, and economic uncertainty are threatening democratic values and emboldening authoritarian regimes. USAGM will continue covering emerging political and humanitarian challenges in countries such as Myanmar, Belarus, Hong Kong, and Venezuela, as well as the historic transition of power underway in Cuba.

66 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate United States Institute of 45,000 45,000 45,000 - Peace

The United States Institute of Peace (USIP) was founded by Congress in 1984 to prevent, mitigate, and resolve violent conflict around the world, recognizing that violence abroad and global conflict undermine U.S. interests. As an independent, federally funded institute, USIP brings distinct contributions to U.S. national security, and the Institute provides expertise to is often called upon by Congress, U.S. diplomats, and the military and the United States Government to work on critical issues that require both specialized depth of knowledge and practical skills.

The FY 2022 request for USIP provides $45 million to engage directly in conflict zones and provide education, training, analysis, and resources to peacebuilders around the globe.

67 FOREIGN ASSISTANCE REQUEST FY 2020 - FY 2022

FOREIGN OPERATIONS 34,391,679 4,052,457 [1,689,000] 38,444,136 34,700,037 4,452,580 [4,700,000] [10,596,000] 39,152,617 43,669,975 4,432,358

U.S Agency for International Development 1,663,046 - [103,000] 1,663,046 1,711,447 - - [41,000] 1,711,447 1,862,647 151,200 4 USAID Operating Expenses (OE) 1,377,246 - [102,000] 1,377,246 1,377,747 - - [41,000] 1,377,747 1,527,947 150,200 USAID Capital Investment Fund (CIF) 210,300 - - 210,300 258,200 - - - 258,200 258,200 - USAID Inspector General Operating Expenses 75,500 - [1,000] 75,500 75,500 - - - 75,500 76,500 1,000

Bilateral Economic Assistance 21,076,154 3,215,335 [1,586,000] 24,291,489 21,167,994 3,615,458 [4,700,000] [9,175,000] 24,783,452 28,130,412 3,286,960 Global Health Programs (USAID and State) 9,124,950 - [435,000] 9,124,950 9,195,950 - [4,000,000] - 9,195,950 10,050,950 855,000 5 Global Health Programs - USAID [3,194,950] - [435,000] [3,194,950] [3,265,950] - [4,000,000] - [3,265,950] [3,870,950] [605,000] Global Health Programs - State [5,930,000] - - [5,930,000] [5,930,000] - - - [5,930,000] [6,180,000] [250,000] Development Assistance (DA) 3,400,000 - - 3,400,000 3,500,000 - - - 3,500,000 4,075,097 575,097 International Disaster Assistance (IDA) 2,661,382 1,733,980 [558,000] 4,395,362 2,481,321 1,914,041 - - 4,395,362 4,682,362 287,000 Transition Initiatives (TI) 92,043 - - 92,043 92,043 - - 92,043 92,043 - Complex Crises Fund (CCF) 30,000 - - 30,000 30,000 - - - 30,000 60,000 30,000 Complex Crisis Fund (CCF) Rescission - (40,000) - (40,000) ------4 Economic Support Fund (ESF) 3,045,000 - [243,000] 3,045,000 3,151,963 [700,000] [8,675,000] 3,151,963 4,260,231 1,108,268 Economic Support Fund (ESF) Rescission/Proposed Cancellation (232,000) - - (232,000) (75,000) - - - (75,000) (15,000) NA Democracy Fund 273,700 - - 273,700 290,700 - - - 290,700 290,700 - Assistance for Europe, Eurasia & Central Asia (AEECA) 770,334 - - 770,334 770,334 - - - 770,334 788,929 18,595 Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) 1,910,645 1,521,355 [350,000] 3,432,000 1,730,583 1,701,417 - [500,000] 3,432,000 3,845,000 413,000 U.S. Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA) 100 - - 100 100 - - - 100 100 -

International Security Assistance 8,176,825 837,122 - 9,013,947 8,051,495 837,122 - - 8,888,617 9,178,893 265,276 International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) 1,391,000 - - 1,391,000 1,385,573 - - 1,385,573 1,525,738 140,165 International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) Rescission/Proposed Cancellation - - - - (50,411) - - - (50,411) (5,000) 45,411 Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs (NADR) 895,750 - - 895,750 889,247 - - 889,247 900,247 11,000 Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) 132,135 325,213 - 457,348 115,546 325,213 - - 440,759 469,459 28,700 Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Rescission - - - - (40,000) - - (40,000) - 40,000 International Military Education and Training (IMET) 112,925 - 112,925 112,925 - - - 112,925 112,925 - Foreign Military Financing (FMF) 5,645,015 511,909 - 6,156,924 5,598,615 576,909 - - 6,175,524 6,175,524 - Foreign Military Financing (FMF) (Unobligated Balance Recission) - - - - - (25,000) - - (25,000) - NA

Multilateral Assistance 2,049,780 - - 2,049,780 2,040,819 - - [580,000] 2,040,819 3,528,134 1,487,315

5 International Organizations and Programs 358,000 - 358,000 387,500 - [580,000] 387,500 457,100 69,600

68 FOREIGN ASSISTANCE REQUEST FY 2020 - FY 2022

African Development Fund (AfDF) 171,300 - 171,300 171,300 - - - 171,300 211,300 40,000 Asian Development Fund 47,395 - 47,395 47,395 - - - 47,395 53,323 5,928 Inter-American Development Bank ------Global Environment Facility (GEF) 139,575 - 139,575 139,575 - - - 139,575 149,288 9,713 Green Climate Fund ------625,000 625,000 Climate Investment Funds ------300,000 300,000 International Fund for Agricultural Development 30,000 - 30,000 32,500 - - - 32,500 43,000 10,500 Global Agriculture and Food Security Program ------

International Monetary Fund ------102,000 102,000

Footnotes 1/ COVID Supplementals: P.L. 116-123 and P.L. 116-136. 2/ FY 2021 Title IX Emergency Funding, P.L. 116-260. 3/ FY 2021 American Rescue Plan Act (ARP) mandatory funding, P.L. 117-2. 4/ The FY 2020 COVID Supplemental level reflects a $7.0 million transfer from the Economic Support Fund (ESF) account to USAID Operating Expenses (OE). 5/ The FY 2020 Global Health Programs-USAID (GHP-USAID) and International Organizations & Programs (IO&P) account levels reflect the transfer of $32.5 million from the IO&P account to the GHP-USAID account.

69 USAID OPERATING EXPENSES

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate USAID Operating 1,377,246 1,377,747 1,527,947 150,200 Expenses

The U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID’s) global operations are essential to defending U.S. national security, asserting U.S. leadership and influence, and advancing stability, security, and prosperity worldwide. The FY 2022 USAID Operating Expense (OE) $1,527.9 million request will support a U.S. Direct Hire (USDH) workforce focused on advancing the most critical and effective foreign assistance programs and ensuring strong stewardship and accountability of U.S. taxpayer dollars. It includes funding for an additional 40 Civil Service (CS) and 30 Foreign Service (FS) positions to support Global Health Security programs.

For FY 2022, the $1,527.9 million USAID OE request also will fund the administrative costs of managing USAID programs. The OE budget covers salaries and benefits, overseas and Washington operations, and central support, including human capital initiatives, security, and information technology (IT).

The FY 2022 request for OE, including $162.0 million in other funding sources USAID expects to have available in FY 2022, is summarized below.

• Overseas Operations ($789.1 million): The request includes funding for all USDH salaries and benefits for Foreign Service Officers serving overseas and the costs associated with securing and maintaining mission operations, such as the salaries of local staff, travel, office and residential space, and International Cooperative Administrative Support Services.

• Washington Operations ($545.9 million): Funding covers USDH salaries and benefits for Civil Service and Foreign Service employees working in Washington, general office support, and advisory and assistance services. The request includes funding for 70 USDH (40 CS and 30 FS) positions to support Global Health Security programs that will aim to prevent, detect, and respond to emerging and infectious disease outbreaks.

• Central Support ($354.9 million): The request includes funding for IT, office space, and other mandatory services. This amount includes $9.5 million for the expansion of diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives to create a workforce that reflects our nation and inclusive work environments overseas and domestically.

70 USAID CAPITAL INVESTMENT FUND

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate USAID Capital 210,300 258,200 258,200 - Investment Fund

The FY 2022 request for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Capital Investment Fund (CIF) of $258.2 million will support capital investments in facility construction, information technology (IT), and real-property maintenance. The USAID Operating Expense (OE) account funds the annual operating and maintenance costs of information systems and facilities infrastructure. The FY 2022 request for CIF is summarized as follows:

• Facility Construction ($190.3 million): The request will support USAID’s full cost of participation in the Capital Security Cost Program, which is designed to accelerate the construction of new secure, safe, and functional diplomatic and consular office facilities for all U.S. government personnel overseas. The Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-113) requires USAID to co-locate on new embassy compounds.

• Information Technology ($57.6 million): The IT request will align resources to address USAID’s IT Strategic Planning Goals and Presidential/Office of Management and Budget mandates including: Cloud First, Presidential Executive Order on Strengthening the Cybersecurity of Federal Networks and Critical Infrastructure, Open Data Policy, OMB Circular A-130 (Managing Information as a Strategic Resource), and Federal Information Security Management Act compliance activities. In addition, the request will enable USAID to strengthen mission systems for the Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act, infrastructure refresh, and continuous diagnostic monitoring for security purposes.

The IT request will enable the Agency to keep pace with emerging threats and build on prior resource investments. In the emerging global-threat environment, the request will fund several initiatives critical to USAID’s cyber security (e.g., CSIRT Computer Forensics Lab, Zero Trust Network, and Micro-Segmentation) without which USAID could be a target providing entry vectors to other Federal government systems. Additionally, the request supports the modernization and centralization of services (e.g., Application Modernization, Development Information System, and Development Data Commons Platform) and funds on-going maintenance and enhancement of mission-critical systems and infrastructure (e.g., Budget and Accounting, Procurement, FACTS Info, Asset Inventory refresh for end-users, and Data Center).

• Real-Property Maintenance ($10.3 million): The request will continue a real-property maintenance fund to allow the Agency to sustain a maintenance-and-repair program for the properties it owns. The fund will reduce the expensive future cost of major repairs, limit health and safety risks, increase efficiencies, protect value, and align with best practices.

71 USAID OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OPERATING EXPENSES

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate USAID Office of Inspector General 75,500 75,500 76,500 1,000 Operating Expenses

The Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) conducts and supervises audits and investigations of foreign assistance programs and operations and recommends policies for promoting economy, efficiency, and effectiveness and for preventing and detecting fraud, waste, and abuse in those activities. OIG also provides oversight for the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), the United States African Development Foundation (USADF) and the Inter-American Foundation (IAF). The OIG receives additional funding through the MCC appropriation to support MCC oversight activities.

The FY 2022 request of $76.5 million will enable OIG to continue to fulfill statutory requirements while providing assurance that assistance programs around the world are being executed as intended and that allegations of wrongdoing are addressed appropriately. Provided funding at these levels, OIG will continue to solidify our approach for providing timely, relevant, and impactful information to our stakeholders. We will further strengthen our strategic work focus and prioritization by concentrating oversight on top management challenges and high-risk areas for the agencies we oversee. We will also continue to examine the sustainability of activities in the context of specific countries or programs as well as assessing the effectiveness of agencies’ monitoring and oversight of their contractors and grantees.

OIG will continue to seek out and act on opportunities for greater internal efficiency. To increase our capacity to deliver the highest quality oversight, we continue efforts to ensure that our workforce is well prepared and highly motivated to provide independent and rigorous audits and investigations of foreign assistance and to inform Congress, stakeholders, and the public about how we are safeguarding taxpayer resources. Additional focus will be applied to increasing OIG capabilities to rapidly respond to emerging oversight requirements, which has become of greater significance in the COVID-19 response effort. OIG will also prioritize increasing its capacity to meet requirements for responding to whistleblower retaliation allegations.

The FY 2022 request provides sufficient funding for OIG to support the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency.

OIG expects to continue to provide benefits for the U.S. government and for taxpayers in executing its mandate, through audit and investigative work that identifies questioned costs, savings, recoveries, and funds to be put to better use.

72 GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAMS

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual1 Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Global Health 9,124,950 9,195,950 10,050,950 855,000 Programs Global Health 5,930,000 5,930,000 6,180,000 250,000 Programs - State Global Health Programs - 3,194,950 3,265,950 3,870,950 605,000 USAID 1.The FY 2020 Global Health Programs-USAID (GHP-USAID) account level reflects the transfer of $32.5 million from the International Organizations & Programs (IO&P) account.

The Global Health Programs (GHP) account funds health-related foreign assistance managed by the Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Investments in global health substantially advance U.S. foreign policy interests by protecting Americans at home and abroad, promoting social and economic progress, and supporting the rise of capable partners better able to solve regional and global problems. The FY 2022 GHP request supports programs to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic, prevent child and maternal deaths, and combat infectious disease threats. This request will allow the United States to continue its global leadership role in a sector with demonstrated success, built upon decades of investment. Responding to global health challenges is a shared responsibility that cannot be met by one nation alone. The United States will remain unremitting in its challenge to the global community to continue focusing on building healthier, stronger, and more self-sufficient partner countries. U.S. investments will continue to leverage other donor, private sector, and host country resources towards addressing shared challenges.

A total of $10,051.0 million is requested in FY 2022 for GHP under two sub-accounts: $6,180.0 million in GHP-State for HIV/AIDS programs and $3,8701.0 million in GHP-USAID for USAID programs. This request is an increase of $855.0 million over the FY 2021 enacted.

An evidence-based approach guides all programs to ensure effectiveness and accountability to U.S. taxpayers, as does consistency with Administration objectives and policies. GHP funds will support the ongoing provision of essential services and programs while partner countries respond to the challenges posed by the global COVID-19 pandemic, as well as significantly scale up programs to enhance the global COVID response and bolster global health security.

Controlling the HIV/AIDS Epidemic ($6,260.0 million, of which $5,930.0 million is in GHP-State and $330.0 million is in GHP-USAID)

• Integrated HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care, and Treatment Programs ($4,208.1 million; 3,973.1 million in GHP-State and $235 million in GHP-USAID): In FY 2022, the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) will continue to work in close collaboration and in partnership with host country governments; civil society and other community-based institutions(including faith based institutions); multilateral institutions including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund), UNAIDS, and the World Health Organization; faith-based institutions; the private sector; and other stakeholders to combat the AIDS epidemic. The United States works to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic by targeting PEPFAR prevention and treatment investments through data-driven decision making that strategically focuses resources on

73 geographic areas and sub-populations where PEPFAR can achieve the greatest impact toward epidemic control of HIV/AIDS. When coupled with funds appropriated for PEPFAR in previous fiscal years, these resources will support PEPFAR core programs, advancing the U.S. government’s impact strategy to achieve and maintain HIV/AIDS epidemic control in countries with high HIV/AIDS burden. PEPFAR will continue to push this key U.S. objective through a combination of high-impact HIV interventions, including: antiretroviral treatment (ART); critical prevention interventions, including prevention of mother-to-child transmission; preventing new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women through the DREAMS partnership; provision of condoms and voluntary medical male circumcision to prevent infections among young men; and support for orphans and vulnerable children. PEPFAR will continue to provide holistic services for families and neglected and hard-to-reach populations such as children, adolescent girls, and other vulnerable populations, including key populations. Funding will ensure critical health systems required for the HIV/AIDS response, including human resources for health, commodity procurement, supply chains, and laboratory systems.

• International Partnerships ($1,699.0 million; $1,560.0 million in GHP-State and $94.0 million in GHP-USAID): FY 2022 resources will support the U.S. pledge to the Global Fund’s Sixth Replenishment (2020 – 2022). The $1,560.0 million requested for FY 2022, combined with prior year funds appropriated for this purpose, will enable the United States to provide up to $4.68 billion to the fund for the Global Fund's Sixth Replenishment, with the United States offering to match $1 for every $2 contributed by other donors subject to applicable statutory requirements. $45.0 million is requested for a United States contribution to the United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in support of Sustainable Development Goal 3 to end AIDS by 2030 through strategic direction, normative guidance through WHO, civil society advocacy and technical support. GHP-USAID resources in the mount of $94 million will support the on-going research and development of safe, effective, and affordable microbicides to protect women and girls from HIV infection, as well as support research and development of a preventive HIV vaccine, ensuring an evidence-based path to developing a safe and globally-effective vaccine to control the AIDS epidemic. Finally, resources will support the Commodity Fund to increase condom availability to enable a comprehensive prevention approach that decreases the transmission of HIV/AIDS.

• Oversight and Management and Strategic Information/Evaluation ($352.9 million; $351.9 million in GHP-State and $1.0 million in GHP-USAID): The FY 2022 request will support costs incurred by multiple U.S. government agencies, including Department of State, USAID, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Peace Corps, the Department of Defense, the U.S. Census Bureau, and the U.S. Department of Treasury in support of PEPFAR implementation. Additionally, funds will be used to support critical evaluation of PEPFAR programs via mechanisms such as Population Based HIV/AIDS Impact Assessments (PHIAs).

Preventing Child and Maternal Deaths ($2,374.5 million in GHP-USAID):

The U.S. government continues to lead the global effort to prevent child and maternal deaths. Together with country and global partners, the United States works to significantly reduce child and maternal deaths, with the goal of all countries having fewer than 20 deaths per 1,000 live births and fewer than 50 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births by 2035. Reaching these rates would save an additional five million children each year and decrease the number of women who die from complications during pregnancy annually by 75 percent. Preventing child and maternal deaths relies on sustained investment and appropriate linkages across diverse health programs focused on maternal and child health, family planning/reproductive health, nutrition, and malaria. Programs are focused on countries with the highest need, demonstrable commitment to achieving sustainable and efficient program outcomes, and the

74 greatest potential to leverage U.S. government programs and platforms.

• Maternal and Child Health (MCH) ($879.5 million): The budget request for FY 2022—an increase of almost $24 million over FY 2021 enacted level will support country and global partners to increase the use of cost-effective and proven life-saving interventions and to strengthen delivery systems to accelerate the reduction of maternal, newborn, and child mortality targeted to those most in need. Priority child health interventions will address essential newborn care, encourage early and exclusive breastfeeding, and a focus on post-natal visits; target the prevention and treatment of diarrheal disease, including increased use of effective sanitation and hygiene practices at household and community levels; expand prevention and treatment of pneumonia, in both communities and health facilities; strengthen routine immunization; and support polio eradication. Resources will support efforts to combat maternal mortality with expanded coverage of preventive and life-saving interventions, such as prevention and management of post-partum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and sepsis, as well as contributory causes of maternal death such as anemia. Simultaneously resources will support efforts to build health systems’ capability and resilience while improving emergency referral systems and comprehensive obstetric care. Programs will leverage U.S. government and other investments in nutrition, malaria, family planning and reproductive health, and infectious diseases. The request includes $290 million for Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, as part of a $1.16 billion contribution pledged for FY 2020 – 2023. The Gavi contribution expands the impact of USAID’s bilateral programs, reaching unvaccinated children with cost- effective vaccines to accelerate progress towards preventing child deaths.

• Family Planning and Reproductive Health (FP/RH) ($550.0 million): USAID voluntary family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) activities will advance global technical leadership and bilateral programming. With a total request of $550.0 million, an increase of $26.1 million over FY 2021 enacted, USAID-supported programs will focus on the distinct tools and approaches needed for fragile settings and to population-environment relationships in areas of threatened biodiversity. Funds will support timely and cost-effective commodity procurement and shipment; strengthen supply chain performance; foster enabling policy environments, including advocacy for predictable and adequate funding; improve service delivery practices, including integrating with MCH and HIV/AIDS, and addressing gender-based violence; advance biomedical research and implementation science to better understand how programs work; address demand-side barriers and reach underserved populations, including youth and men; improve knowledge management, data collection, routine monitoring and oversight, and evaluation; and contribute to cross-cutting activities that benefit both FP/RH and the entire health system. Activities will be implemented in collaboration with a broad range of partners, including multilaterals, public and private sector organizations, and community-based organizations.

• Nutrition ($150.0 million): Focusing on evidence-based approaches to nutrition during the first 1,000 days—from the start of a woman’s pregnancy to a child’s second birthday—greatly contributes to the reduction of child mortality and supports long-term health, cognitive development, physical growth, and school and work performance later in life. Activities will focus on integrated services; maternal nutrition during pregnancy; exclusive breastfeeding and other child feeding practices; diet quality and diversification; and delivery of nutrition services.

• Malaria ($770.0 million): Resources will advance the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) strategy, which brings to scale a combination of proven malaria prevention and treatment approaches and integrates, where possible, these interventions with other priority health interventions. Through investments in the PMI, the United States will continue malaria prevention, control, and elimination activities and strengthen delivery platforms in up to 25 African countries, address multidrug-resistant malaria in three programs in Southeast Asia, and support malaria control and elimination efforts in Latin America. In close coordination with the Global Fund and other key partners, the PMI will

75 strengthen the capacity of host country national malaria control programs to expand the use of highly effective malaria prevention and treatment measures and will rapidly expand country capacity to collect, analyze and use data to optimize program impact. In conjunction with multilateral donors PMI Funding will also support the development of new malaria vaccine candidates, antimalarial drugs, new insecticide-based tools, and other malaria-related research.

• Vulnerable Children ($25.0 million): Resources will support USAID’s Displaced Children and Orphans Fund by providing assistance for the care and protection of vulnerable children, particularly those who are outside of family care or who are at risk of losing family care and protection. Activities will promote healthy child development, support reforms to national systems for children’s care, and strengthen child-protection policies and practices to prevent and respond to violence against children. Funding will also support USAID’s Child Blindness Program to reduce childhood blindness and improve eye health. Activities include screening, vision correction through surgery, distribution of eyeglasses or other appropriate treatments, training of community workers to perform screenings and refractions, and the training of doctors and nurses in related pediatric surgical care

Combating Infectious Disease Threats ($1,416.5 million; $1,166.5 million is in GHP-USAID and $250.0 million is in GHP-State):

As the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates, in an increasingly interconnected world, diseases know no borders. With the resources requested in FY 2022, the United States will continue to combat infectious diseases that threaten the lives of millions each year. Infectious diseases can present significant threats to health, livelihoods, and governance, as well as regional and international health security. The request will support public health diagnostic, surveillance, workforce, and response systems are critical to reducing mortality and morbidity and ensuring health security by minimizing the impact of both endemic and epidemic-prone infectious diseases. U.S. government efforts will focus on combating tuberculosis (TB) and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), as well as implementing the United States Global Health Security Strategy to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease threats.

• Tuberculosis ($319.0 million): USAID leads the U.S. government’s efforts to combat tuberculosis (TB) globally, and programs directly support implementation of the UN General Assembly (UNGA) High Level Meeting (HLM) on TB and the President's National Action Plan for Combating Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is the leading infectious disease killer worldwide, infecting 10 million people and claiming the lives of almost two million each year; it is also one of the top ten killers of people globally from all causes. In partnership with private and public donors, USAID will support interventions that reach, cure, and prevent TB, multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), and TB/HIV co-infection. U.S. assistance will strengthen the commitment and capacity of countries to support access to, and delivery of, high-quality patient-centered care; prevention of TB transmission; and acceleration of research and innovation. U.S. bilateral assistance leverages both domestic resources in high-burden countries, as well as the Global Fund’s TB resources, in support of evidence-based approaches to achieve national TB strategic plans and HLM TB targets. USAID supports a competitive market for quality-assured TB and MDR-TB drugs, as well as diagnostics and other commodities, including through the innovative Global Drug Facility.

• Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) ($102.5 million): With FY 2022 funding, USAID will support preventive drug treatments for seven of the most prevalent NTDs – lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, and three soil-transmitted helminths. U.S.-supported programs use an integrated mass drug administration delivery strategy that targets affected communities and can be delivered by trained non-health personnel. USAID will work closely with global partners to support community and school-based mass drug administration for all eligible people at risk; ensure access to quality pharmaceuticals; standardize monitoring and evaluation guidelines for NTD programs; and

76 develop approaches for evaluating the impact of NTD programs in multi-disease settings. Assistance will prioritize sustained and expanded scale-up of NTD treatments in 27 currently supported countries to accelerate progress toward the WHO elimination goals. Assistance will complement country programs with strategic investments in research to address barriers to achieving elimination.

• Global Health Security ($995.0 million; $745.0 million in GHP-USAID and $250.0 million in GHP-State): To enhance the global COVID response and strengthen global health security, the request includes almost $1 billion, an increase of $825 million over FY 2021 Enacted levels.

Resources will enable the U.S. government, in partnership with other nations, international organizations, and public and private stakeholders, to build country capacities to prevent avoidable epidemics, detect threats early, and respond rapidly and effectively to disease outbreaks and other critical infectious disease threats (including reducing antimicrobial resistance) in an effort to prevent them from becoming national or global emergencies. USAID will implement the National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness by advancing global health security and the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), while building resilience for future epidemics and pandemics. Resources will establish GHSA capacity-building programs in additional nations and invest in programs to detect future infectious disease outbreaks. Recognizing the importance of the link between animal health, human health, and the environment, USAID’s assistance will strive to strengthen country systems and capacities across the animal and human health sectors needed to identify and address zoonotic threats diseases at the national, regional, and community levels; strengthen laboratory and surveillance capabilities to detect infectious disease threats, including and characterizing known and new viruses infectious disease threats; improve risk communication in communities; help prevent, detect, and reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistant pathogens; and strengthen the knowledge base around the drivers of spillover of zoonotic infectious diseases. USAID will draw upon the Agency’s multi-sectoral capabilities in addressing infectious disease threats such as Ebola virus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome, avian influenzas, plague, Marburg, and Lassa Fever.

This request includes $300.0 million funded through GHP-USAID for contributions to support multilateral initiatives leading the global COVID response through the Act-Accelerator platform. It also includes $250.0 million funded through GHP-State to support a new health security financing mechanism, which would be developed alongside U.S. partners and allies, to ensure global readiness to respond to the next outbreak.

This request includes $90.0 million in non-expiring funds to replenish the Emergency Reserve Fund to ensure that USAID can quickly and effectively respond to emerging infectious disease outbreaks posing severe threats to human health.

77 DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Development 3,400,000 3,500,000 4,075,097 575,097 Assistance

The Development Assistance (DA) request represents a significant commitment of foreign assistance resources to mitigate the devastating impacts of climate change, respond to the secondary and tertiary impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic, address the root causes of irregular migration, and advance democratic values and principles. The request elevates economic growth programs that promote food secure and resilient partners and champions universal values of equity and inclusion for all. These funds will reinvigorate and restore global U.S leadership while prioritizing American interests at home and abroad. Additionally, this request will support anti-corruption efforts by investing in new economic growth activities to address corruption and improve government service delivery to areas experiencing political transition.

This request also advances U.S. priorities through a range of activities that reinvigorate democracy, human rights, and governance, promotes gender and racial equity, combats poverty and corruption, and supports U.S. allies and partners to defend shared national security interests. Funding is provided to drive global economic growth in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, counter violent extremism, and invest in our workforce. After four years of proposed cuts to foreign assistance, the FY 2022 request elevates development as a key tool for advancing U.S. national security interests.

Africa ($1,419.7 million): The DA request will advance key Administration priorities through increasing prosperity, investing in civil society and strengthening long-standing political, economic, and cultural connections. The request includes increases to address climate change, to protect key natural resources, increase use of clean energy, and strengthen sustainable livelihoods in Africa. The request also includes $57.5 million in funding for Power Africa to strengthen the enabling environment and institutional frameworks with host country governments; attract greater private investment into the power sector; create investment opportunities for U.S. companies to introduce innovative technologies; and advance critical power sector generation and distribution projects in order to address the challenge of energy poverty and electricity access across sub-Saharan Africa.

Additionally, the request includes $80.0 million to advance the Prosper Africa initiative, $77.0 million in Africa and $3.0 million in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which brings together the full range of U.S. government resources to connect U.S. and African businesses with new buyers, suppliers, and investment opportunities. Assistance will enhance America’s prosperity and security, and fuel economic growth and job creation while helping partner countries expand their economic prospects, improve the business enabling environment, open up new markets, spur business creation, and foster competitiveness. The request will also assist African partner countries to adopt new rules favorable to doing business and attracting investment, while helping them to avoid the corrupt approaches promoted by malign actors for their own benefit. This initiative builds on and complements the success and lessons learned of existing investments, export promotion, and trade and investment programs implemented by USAID regional missions.

The request includes support for agriculture and food security activities to increase household food availability and access to income through increased agriculture and livestock productivity that reduces

78 food insecurity while promoting stability among African nations. Funding will also support democracy programming to improve the rule of law, respect for human rights, and good governance by building accountable institutions, promoting transparency, and preventing and resolving conflict to ensure sustainable long-term investments and development gains. It will also promote equitable access to education and learning outcomes for children and youth. Strengthening systems, leveraging partnerships and resources using data and evidence, and engaging local institutions will improve the quality of basic education, vocational training, and higher education to leverage the potential of Africa’s growing youth population.

East Asia and Pacific ($444.9 million, which includes funding for USAID Asia Regional): The DA request revitalizes alliances, partnerships, and multilateral institutions to advance a free and open Indo- Pacific. U.S. assistance programs will reassert forward-looking global leadership and engage the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from a position of confidence and strength, build strong civil society actors, foster democratic institutions and human rights, address climate change, support equitable economic growth and COVID recovery, and improve natural resource management. The request catalyzes public- private partnerships in infrastructure and other economic sectors, including investments in the renewable energy sector. Regional programming will address transnational challenges including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, regional energy connectivity, digital economy, and countering trafficking in persons (TIP). The request maintains continued investments in Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Laos while increasing U.S. investments and engagements in Mongolia and Pacific Islands. In addition, funds will support Papua New Guinea (PNG) through the multilateral PNG Electrification Partnership, invest in democratic governance and sound financial systems, while protecting one of the world’s most ecologically diverse areas through conservation of forest and marine natural resources.

Near East ($16.3 million): The DA request for the USAID Middle East Regional office will bridge gaps in bilateral programs through investments in technical experts, innovation, and applied research and assessments crossing sectors and countries. Requested funds will address major regional issues such as climate change; economic malaise, the second-order effects of COVID-19; and deficits in democracy, human rights, and transparent governance.

South and Central Asia ($284.9 million): The DA request for South Asia will promote sustainable development to resist coercive economic practices and unsustainable debt, and address climate security by improving natural resources management including energy generation and markets. Assistance will combat increasing authoritarianism, bolster human rights, strengthen civil society participation and democratic governance, and combat TIP. Resources in Bangladesh will be used to combat democratic backsliding and closing space for civil society, modernize the agriculture sector; promote economic diversification and equitable growth; and provide support to host communities affected by the Rohingya influx. The request for Nepal will support climate security, economic growth, democratic governance, education, and disaster readiness. Resources in Sri Lanka will support democracy programs and help strengthen economic governance. Resources for India, in addition to helping respond to the impact of COVID19, will invest in renewable energy, mitigate air pollution, support efforts under the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, and advance India’s role as a global development partner.

Western Hemisphere ($659.1 million): The DA request will advance the Administration’s goals of reinvigorating U.S. leadership abroad by strengthening our partnerships and standing behind our closest allies in the Americas. By working together with our neighbors to confront the regional effects of climate change and expand economic prosperity and development opportunities, while helping our neighbors invest in good governance and democratic institutions, the U.S. will revitalize collaborative leadership in the Western Hemisphere. Programs will address the root causes of irregular migration from Central America by expanding support for programs that focus on economic opportunity, human rights, poverty reduction, and violence prevention, including gender-based violence.

Assistance includes support for combating gender-based violence (GBV), including activities that address harmful socio-cultural norms; engage boys and men; and build the capacity of civil society and government agencies that provide services to GBV survivors, including those from historically marginalized communities such as Indigenous peoples and the LGBTQI+ community. The request also includes programming to support women's economic empowerment and promote gender equality.

To address the Venezuela migration crisis, the request includes regional assistance to promote the economic integration of Venezuelans in Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil through support for policy reform, job placement and training, and access to financial services. DA resources will also support bilateral migration management programs in Colombia for the integration of Venezuelans, strengthen rural economic development, and conserve Colombia’s biodiversity and forests. Requested funding will also enable continued support for peace implementation, access to justice services, citizen participation, and human rights in Colombia. The request assists the Peruvian government’s three-pronged effort to combat illicit drugs by providing alternative development programs, as well as strengthening governance with a focus on anti-corruption and responding to climate change by improving environmental and natural resource management of the Amazon. The request supports climate change and disaster resilience in the Caribbean with programming focused on bolstering the performance of energy systems across the region and improving marine biodiversity conservation. In Haiti, funds will be used to build resilience in people and communities by investing in Water Sanitation and Hygiene as well as education, to protect Haiti’s natural resources, and attract private sector investment and financing. In Haiti funds will also help to make strategic governance investments focused on local authorities that have demonstrated the political will to work collaboratively with USAID, civil society, and the private sector.

USAID Pillar Bureaus ($1,250.2 million): The request will support the development of resilient, democratic societies; enable inclusive, sustainable growth; promote free, peaceful, and self-reliant societies with effective, legitimate governments; build human capital; and create social safety nets that reach the poorest and most vulnerable. In addition to funding programs in various countries, funds will support efforts to contribute to peace and stability through programs, funding, and technical services focusing on social, communal, and political aspects of crises and political transition via funding to the Bureau for Conflict Prevention and Stabilization (CPS) and the Bureau for Democracy, Development and Innovation (DDI). Funding will also support inclusive, resilient societies via funding to Bureau for Resilience and Food Security (RFS), and support USAID's overall policy, strategy, and monitoring efforts via funding to its Office for Policy, Planning and Learning (PPL).

Crosscutting Sectors and Global Programs: Across regions and in combination with funding requested in other accounts, as well as through a targeted set of global programs that are implemented worldwide, the FY 2022 DA request supports a number of development sectors important for meeting political, economic, and development, and security needs. Highlights include:

• Climate Change Programming: The request supports climate change programming that demonstrates the United States’ recommitment to fighting climate change by increasing investments in systemic change that promotes adaptation and resilience, renewable energy, and sustainable landscapes. Climate change programming will mobilize private sector investment, leverage relationships at the local level, support partner countries’ ability to achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement, and to implement National Action Plans and priorities. The request will support efforts to mobilize climate finance, including partnering with the U.S. Development Finance Corporation (DFC) to develop a pipeline of investment-worthy projects, mobilize public and private sector funds, and address barriers to investment. USAID will also assist partner countries in accessing multilateral climate finance opportunities - such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF). USAID will also expand programming where there are the best opportunities for

80 reducing emissions from sectors such as building efficiency, transportation, and industry and target adaptation programming to climate vulnerable countries, including those less able to access multilateral climate funding. Programming will stimulate creative solutions to encourage policy innovation and strengthen partner country capacity to accelerate breakthroughs in technologies and practices that promote climate resilience, carbon capture and storage, advanced energy systems, and maximize resource efficiency. Programming will also provide people, institutions and countries with the essential weather and climate information, science, and analysis they need to make climate-smart decisions as well as support policies, planning, and actions on the ground that increase climate resilience and reduce risk. USAID will also pursue opportunities to mitigate climate change through natural climate solutions, such as improving the conservation and management of carbon-rich tropical forests and other important landscapes.

The 2022 Budget begins the process of addressing the climate crisis by ending international financing of carbon-intensive fossil fuel-based energy and ensuring that Federal funding no longer directly subsidizes fossil fuels, as required in Sections 102 and 209 of Executive Order 14008, Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad. USAID will evaluate its economic and development assistance programming to identify the appropriate actions the agency can take to support these policy objectives in the near term.

• Democracy Programs: The request supports democracy, human rights, and governance (DRG) as a critical component of defending U.S. national security, fostering economic opportunities for Americans, and asserting U.S. leadership and influence abroad. DRG programming will help address and prevent democratic backsliding through building resilient, democratic societies and supporting countries that are committed to building effective, transparent, and accountable governments that respect human rights and can deliver social and political benefits to citizens. The request funds programs that build the capacity of local organizations and governments; counter authoritarianism; combat corruption and corrosive capital; and respond to restrictive civic spaces. The request also funds DRG programs that build respect for human rights and inclusive development, including promoting racial and ethnic equity, as well as those that promote gender equality and empower women and girls. Resources included in this request will strengthen institutions; foster the rule of law and government transparency; strengthen citizen-centered governance; address increased restrictions on civic space; strengthen civil society and civic education; support independent fact-based media; and promote fair, peaceful, and competitive electoral processes.

• Economic Growth: The request funds economic growth programs that are essential for sustainable development in developing countries, which help generate the public resources governments need to invest in education, health, rural roads, as well as digital and other infrastructure. The request promotes greater and more efficient efforts to enable governments to carry out their core responsibilities more effectively. It also streamlines trade practices to increase trade flow and market access; encourages private sector engagement across all sectors through the adoption of policies and practices that allow the private sector to play the lead role in economic development; and supports inclusive market strategies that help poor families contribute to and benefit from economic growth. Furthermore, the request targets innovative approaches to expand access to financial markets and provides tools and approaches to take advantage of new models of development by applying digital development, open innovation, and scientific research and development in an integrated way to Agency priorities.

• Education: This request supports the U.S. Government Strategy on International Basic Education, the USAID Education Policy, and USAID’s work to address the global learning crisis and respond to the impact of COVID-19 on education. The request places a greater emphasis on bilateral allocations in a strategic effort to leverage USAID’s on the ground expertise on the needs of communities. The

81 request will support education programs and investments that lead to sustained, measurable improvements in learning outcomes and skills development. Programming will build on previous investments and focus on increasing access to quality education, particularly for girls; improving foundational and social-emotional skills to assist in providing young people with the relevant skills to gain employment; and assisting higher educational institutions to support development progress across sectors. Activities will place a greater emphasis on building resilient education systems able to withstand future shocks; addressing learning loss due to COVID-19; educating children and youth who are facing adversity, conflict, and crisis, particularly girls and those who are displaced; and engaging with private sector and civil society partners. Activities will also help promote finance and delivery innovations to expand access to quality education; invest directly in local institutions; strengthen country capacity to generate and use education data to drive transparency, accountability, and informed decision-making; and transform teacher policies and professional development systems to increase the availability of qualified teachers and improve instruction.

• Food Security: The request funds the implementation of the whole-of-government Feed the Future (FTF) initiative, which seeks to achieve the goal of the Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS), to sustainably reduce poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. The FTF initiative is crucial to the USG’s response to the devastating poverty and hunger impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a track record of strong results and an existing partner network already positioned to respond in many of the countries and communities most severely impacted. The U.S. will continue to support countries to address the challenges that often come with hunger, poverty, and food and water insecurity. Food security priorities include the twelve GFSS target countries, as well as resilience investments that are focused on reducing communities’ chronic vulnerability to shocks and stresses, most notably the pandemic, the accelerating impacts of climate change and conflict. Funding will further ensure equitable access to clean water and sanitation and bolster effective water resource management strategies that further mitigate food insecurity and that are often the result of climate change. Funding will be used for investments to strengthen the resilience of vulnerable populations and address root causes to help prevent recurrent food crises and reduce and avert future humanitarian needs.

• Gender: The request supports gender equality and equity, a strategic imperative that reduces poverty and promotes economic growth, increases access to education, improves health outcomes, advances political stability, and fosters democracy. Assistance will advance the forthcoming Government-wide Strategy to Advance Gender Equity and Equality, as mandated by Executive Order 14020. Requested assistance will promote women’s and girls’ participation in peace processes and advance the status of women and girls and marginalized populations, in all their diversity. The request will provide strategic leadership, training, and technical assistance for gender equality and women’s empowerment programming worldwide. Funding will continue to address gender-based violence, including child marriage, early, and forced marriage; women’s economic empowerment; gender equality and women’s empowerment integration across sectors, including climate and environment, energy, food security, health; women’s participation and leadership opportunities; menstrual health and hygiene activities; promote gender and social norm change including engaging men and boys; and communications, training, technical assistance, and monitoring and evaluation efforts regarding gender equality and women’s empowerment best practices and lessons learned. The broader request also provides funds to support the implementation of the Women’s Entrepreneurship and Economic Empowerment (WEEE) Act, the Women, Peace, and Security Act, and other relevant gender strategies. The request includes $200 million for the Gender Equity and Equality Action (GEEA) Fund, the successor to the prior Administration’s Women’s Global Development and Prosperity (W- GDP) Fund. The GEEA Fund will advance gender equity and equality globally, focusing on women’s economic empowerment, preventing and responding to gender-based violence, and supporting underserved and marginalized populations. The GEEA Fund will prioritize responding to the disproportionate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, conflict, and crisis (including

82 root causes of migration) on women and girls. The GEEA Fund will program holistically and evolve as needed to respond to gender policy guidance and emergent gender priorities, in consultation and engagement with local civil society and gender leaders to the extent possible. The GEEA Fund will scale existing and stand up new programming, including partnerships with other U.S. government agencies, counterpart governments, and the private sector. Programming will incorporate a variety of approaches for implementing new activities and providing technical advisory and knowledge management services, while also supporting interagency collaboration.

• Implementing Executive Order 13985 on Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities: Through its foreign policy and assistance, the Department and USAID will work together and across their respective organizations to proactively advance equity by reducing structural disparities and creating opportunities for members of marginalized racial and ethnic groups as well as other individuals and communities that have been underserved. These underserved populations will vary by country and region, creating new opportunities for posts and missions to assess how programming in this area is aligned to local needs. This will include identifying new approaches to foreign policy, assistance, and stakeholder engagement in order to avoid maintaining systemic inequities at home and abroad.

83 INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate International Disaster 4,395,362 4,395,362 4,682,362 287,000 Assistance Enduring 2,661,382 2,481,321 4,682,362 2,201,041 Overseas Contingency 1,733,980 1,914,041 - -1,914,041 Operations

The FY 2022 International Disaster Assistance (IDA) request of $4,682.4 million will provide lifesaving humanitarian assistance in response to natural disasters and complex emergencies around the world. With IDA funds, the United States saves lives, alleviates human suffering, and reduces the physical, social, and economic impacts of rapid and slow onset disasters by supporting at-risk populations to build resilience. This request, along with resources requested through the Food for Peace Title II and Migration and Refugee Assistance accounts, and funds appropriated through the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, will maintain U.S. leadership in humanitarian response worldwide.

The requested IDA resources will be managed by the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA). Conflict, climate change, natural disasters, and the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the most vulnerable are combining to drive unprecedented levels of humanitarian need worldwide. As the lead Federal coordinator for international disaster assistance, BHA maintains a strong and effective global response system prepared for rapid activation and response to emergency requirements worldwide. By leveraging all available authorities and resources, BHA responds to crises with agility and addresses the underlying vulnerabilities of populations and communities in need.

Humanitarian interventions work across multiple sectors to support populations in need based on expert analyses of local contexts. Programming includes, but is not limited to, emergency food security, nutrition, shelter, water, health, logistics, coordination, and livelihoods support. IDA investments promote early recovery, build resilience, and reduce risk in communities vulnerable to recurrent humanitarian crises.

With IDA resources, BHA will support innovative programming and a coordinated humanitarian response to crises, including those in Afghanistan, the Lake Chad Basin, South Sudan, Syria, Venezuela and its surrounds, and Yemen. In addition to addressing other vulnerable populations, IDA resources support emergency food assistance for refugees.

84 TRANSITION INITIATIVES

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Transition 92,043 92,043 92,043 - Initiatives

The FY 2022 request of $92.0 million for the Transition Initiatives (TI) account will address opportunities and challenges in countries in crisis, and assist in their transition toward sustainable development, peace, good governance, and democracy.

TI funding will support catalytic programs managed by USAID’s Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID/OTI) that target political crises, prevent and mitigate conflict, and address stabilization needs in countries critical to U.S. foreign policy. TI funds will support fast and flexible short-term assistance to help government and civilian partners advance peace and democracy. TI funding targets priority countries where USAID/OTI engages quickly and robustly, often where additional contingency funds are less readily available.

85 COMPLEX CRISES FUND

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Complex Crises 30,000 30,000 60,000 30,000 Fund

The FY 2022 request for the Complex Crises Fund (CCF) is $60 million. The funds will be used to support programs and activities to prevent or respond to emerging or unforeseen events, foreign challenges, and complex crises overseas, including through the Global Fragility Strategy, and contribute to U.S. foreign policy or national security goals. Managed by USAID’s Bureau for Conflict Prevention and Stabilization (USAID/CPS), CCF program targets countries or regions that demonstrate a high or escalating risk of conflict, violence, or instability. Funds are also used to support activities that prevent conflict and respond to unanticipated opportunities for progress in a newly emerging or fragile democracy. Projects aim to address and prevent conflict, violence and instability through a whole-of- government approach, including host government participation, as well as other partner resources. CCF can also be used to support programs that help to create the conditions for longer-term development.

86 ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Economic Support 3,045,000 3,151,963 4,260,231 1,108,268- Fund

The FY 2022 Economic Support Fund (ESF) request will help countries of strategic importance meet near- and long-term political, economic, development, and security needs.

Africa ($88.6 million): The request will advance partnerships in Africa by strengthening democratic institutions, advancing peace and security, countering terrorism, and promoting trade and commercial ties. Among other efforts, the request will support U.S. government commitments made to Sudan under the Abraham Accords. In addition to bilateral efforts, this request will support regional programs within State Africa Regional for activities such as the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership (TSCTP), the Partnership for Regional East Africa Counterterrorism (PREACT), the Africa Regional Democracy Fund (ARDF), and the Ambassador’s Special Self Help program. The request will also reinforce the United States’ continued partnership with the African Union.

East Asia and Pacific ($104.0 million): The request revitalizes alliances, partnerships, and multilateral institutions to advance a free and open Indo-Pacific. U.S. assistance programs will reassert forward- looking global leadership and engage the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from a position of confidence and strength, combat climate change, reduce the risk of cyber threats, foster democracy resilience and human rights, support equitable economic growth and COVID-19 recovery, and improve natural resource management. The request supports public-private partnerships in infrastructure and other economic sectors, including the energy sector, particularly in the Lower Mekong River Area. Funds will also strengthen regional initiatives and institutions, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, and the Mekong-United States Partnership (MUSP). The ESF request also supports the remediation of dioxin resulting from the use of Agent Orange in Vietnam and strengthens government capacity for inclusive governance, enabling Thailand to address its development challenges.

Europe and Eurasia ($10.4 million): ESF funding for assistance to Greenland is a critical signal of the strategic importance of our relationship. Programming will support efforts to counter foreign malign influence and foster economic resilience in Greenland through industry and entrepreneurship opportunities; exchanges of best practices, including technical assistance in key industries; and strengthening institutions and communities.

Near East ($1,923.0 million): The request will support the Administration’s efforts to advance a stable and prosperous Middle East and North Africa region and to strengthen U.S. allies and partners in the region. Assistance counters the malign influence of Iran and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), strengthens U.S. partnerships in the region, and advances democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, including through programs that advance gender equality and inclusion. The request will enable the United States to work with coalition, international, and regional partners to resolve the ongoing conflicts destabilizing the region, including in Syria, through an increase in U.S.-funded stabilization assistance; support efforts to bring stability, security, and effective governance to areas emerging from conflict or enduring ongoing conflict such as in Libya and Yemen; and deliver vital assistance to the people of Lebanon as they weather economic and political crises. The request provides robust funding to support marginalized and vulnerable populations across the region, many of whom are recovering from the

87 devastation caused by ISIS, al-Qa’ida, and other terrorist organizations. The Administration will invest in multilateral approaches to prioritize investments matched by commitments by both host countries and other international partners, to share the burden of economic and development assistance; and seek to improve resilience to shocks and stressors caused by climate change. The request restores and increases assistance to the Palestinian people, furthering the Administration's goals for peace and stability in the region, bolsters U.S. engagement in North Africa, and deepens U.S. engagement with key allies and partners across the region such as Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Tunisia. It will fund assistance that promotes inclusive economic growth, sound governance, and strong democratic institutions and processes.

South and Central Asia ($324.5 million): The request funds core national security objectives across South Asia, including supporting peace and stability in the region, addressing the challenges of climate change, supporting the economic recovery from COVID-19, revitalizing U.S. alliances and partnerships in the region, and promoting a free and open Indo-Pacific. Regional activities for South Asia will strengthen transparent governance and civil society participation, promote private sector growth, support energy generation, and expand trade, including across the Afghanistan and Pakistan border. Bilateral programs will support human rights for marginalized groups, promote more citizen-centered governance, and protect against closing space for democratic engagement. Economic development assistance will help address secondary and tertiary effects of COVID-19, support inclusive economic development, and promote women’s economic empowerment. Assistance will also address climate change through natural resources management, including energy sector reform. U.S. civilian assistance programs in Afghanistan continue to be reviewed to ensure that funding meets our national security interests, supports the Afghan people in achieving a peaceful resolution to the conflict, and sustains the gains of the past 20 years. For example, programs will continue to promote economic growth, fight corruption and the narcotics trade, improve health and education service delivery, support women's empowerment and their political, economic and social gains; protect human rights; enhance conflict resolution mechanisms; and bolster Afghan civil society and independent media. Funding for Pakistan will support strengthened democratic governance, particularly near the Afghan border in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province; address the drivers of violent extremism and support stability in Afghanistan; and expand economic growth, including by bilateral trade and investment where possible.

Western Hemisphere ($455.3 million): The request will support Administration goals for U.S. engagement in the Western Hemisphere, including advancing priorities relating to democracy and good governance, economic growth and development, and climate change mitigation. ESF programs will address, particularly in Central America, the root causes of irregular migration, including lack of economic opportunity, corrupt governance, and violence and insecurity – problems made worse by COVID-19 and its severe economic impact in Latin America and the Caribbean. The request also supports programs in Colombia to expand access to justice, create economic alternatives to coca cultivation, and support climate smart agriculture; and in Venezuela to strengthen diverse democratic actors to organize internally, broaden the democratic coalition, exercise their rights of free speech and assembly, defend democratic principles, and promote the well-being of Venezuelans.

Functional Bureaus and Offices ($1,099.4 million): In addition to funding programs in priority countries, ESF resources will enable State Department and USAID efforts to prevent conflict, counter violent extremism, promote women’s economic empowerment and implement the Women, Peace, and Security Act, empower local civil society to advocate for resilient democratic institutions, and protect human rights via the funding requested for the Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations (CSO); Bureau of Counterterrorism (CT); Office for Global Women’s Issues (S/GWI); and Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DRL). The ESF request also includes funding for the USAID Bureau for Democracy, Development and Innovation (DDI) to support gender equality and women’s empowerment through technical assistance, training, and evaluation.

88 Funding requested for the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (EB), Bureau of Energy Resources (ENR), and the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES) and the Special Presidential Envoy for Climate (SPEC) will enable the U.S. government to play a leading role in fighting climate change, promoting alternatives to the malign influence of strategic competitors, and encouraging sustainable development and economic growth.

• Green Climate Fund (GCF) ($625.0 million): The Green Climate Fund is included in the ESF request for OES. This request underscores the Administration’s commitment to reengaging the world on climate issues and rebuilding American leadership internationally. The GCF is the largest climate-focused multilateral fund and supports activities that enhance the ability of developing countries to implement actions consistent with their Paris Agreement commitments. Its mandate is to help developing countries reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and enhance their ability to adapt to climate change. Support to the GCF also offers new growth and investment opportunities for U.S. businesses. It offers a range of financing instruments – grants, loans, equity and guarantees – to expand options for private sector partners, including investment opportunities and overseas markets for U.S. businesses, and attract private finance for underserved priorities such as adaptation and nature-based solutions in nascent markets. The request is part of a combined State Department and Treasury Department request of $1,250.0 million.

Finally, funding requested for the Global Engagement Center (R/GEC) and the Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues (S/CCI) will support efforts to expose and deny global disinformation and propaganda efforts that aim to undermine the policies, security, and stability of the United States, its allies, and its partners; and advance U.S. leadership through cyber capacity building programs that will promote an open, interoperable, reliable, and secure cyberspace.

Countering PRC Malign Influence Fund (CPMIF) ($155.0 million): The CPMIF will strengthen the Administration’s efforts to win the strategic competition with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in line with principles articulated in the Interim National Security Strategy Guidance. CPMIF will build on current efforts to support U.S. support the Administration’s goals to increase the capacity and resilience of U.S. partners and allies worldwide to deter aggression, coercion, and malign influence by state and non-state actors. Funds will help confront unfair and illegal trade practices, cyber theft, and coercive economic practices that undercut our advanced and emerging technologies and seek to erode our strategic advantage and national competitiveness.

Prevention and Stabilization Fund (PSF) ($75.0 million): This funding will support the implementation of the strategy under 2019 Global Fragility Act (GFA) to adopt a multi-pronged, multi- sectoral approach to strengthen the resilience of partner nations and civil society to address fragility challenges in countries at risk of or experiencing instability and conflict. The State Department and USAID will use these funds to directly address fragility, including those driven by climate concerns. Funding will support efforts to strengthen social cohesion, equity for underserved communities, combat corruption, protect human rights, promote reconciliation, mobilize investment, and engage private-sector actors in peacebuilding, and reinforce critical governance reforms. Funding will seek to anticipate and prevent conflict, support inclusive, locally-driven, political processes to stabilize conflict-affected areas, engage external partners in U.S. efforts, and improve and integrate interagency capabilities.

Global Concessional Financing Facility (GCCF) ($25.0 million): This request will support contributions to the GCFF, a trust fund operated by the World Bank using donor-provided contributions. Co-financing from the GCFF allows middle-income countries hosting large refugee populations to access multilateral development bank loans at more concessional terms, enabling those countries to address the development challenges of forced displacement. Contributions to the GCFF are an important

89 demonstration of U.S. support for refugee populations and an acknowledgement of the challenges confronting both refugee and host communities. Countries currently eligible for support from the GCFF are Colombia, Ecuador, Jordan, and Lebanon.

90 DEMOCRACY FUND

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Democracy Fund 273,700 290,700 290,700 -

The Democracy Fund (DF) request supports democracy, human rights, and governance (DRG) as a critical component of defending U.S. national security, fostering economic opportunities for Americans, and asserting U.S. leadership and influence abroad. DRG programming will help build resilient, democratic societies, and support countries that are committed to building effective, transparent, and accountable governments that respect human rights and can deliver social and political benefits to citizens. The request funds programs that build the capacity of local organizations and governments; preserve and expand democratic principles and citizen-centered governance; and respond to political transitions, restrictive civic space, and crises. The request funds DRG programs that build respect for human rights and inclusive development, as well as those that promote gender equality and empower women and girls.

USAID Bureau for Democracy, Development, and Innovation (USAID/DDI) ($100.0 million): The funding in the request will allow USAID/DDI to provide strategic support to unanticipated political openings, transitions, and critical development opportunities that strengthen institutions; foster the rule of law and government transparency; strengthen citizen-centered governance; advance human rights; address increased restrictions on civic space and strengthen civil society and civic education; and promote free and fair electoral processes that are competitive and peaceful. The request elevates anti-corruption, human rights, and countering authoritarianism as strategic and programmatic priorities, all of which are key Administration priorities.

State Department’s Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL) ($190.7 million): The request also funds DRL to advance pressing democracy and governance priorities globally, including working in closing spaces, human rights, including LGBTQI+ and women rights, access to information, and Internet freedom; strengthen the rule of law; and reinforce democratic values. With this funding, DRL will respond to democratic backsliding and growing authoritarianism and will continue to respond to situations on the ground as they develop.

91 ASSISTANCE FOR EUROPE, EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Assistance to Eastern Europe 770,334 770,334 788,929 18,595 and Central Asia

The Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia (AEECA) request, which reflects funds previously requested under the Economic Support and Development Fund (ESDF) account, will advance U.S. national security by supporting countries in Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia on their paths toward democracy and open market economies while building their capacity to counter foreign malign influence. Funding will support programs focused on democracy, anti-corruption, and rule of law; build capacity to counter disinformation, strengthen civil society and good governance; enhance cyber and energy security; fight climate change; and support economic development and post-pandemic recovery.

Europe and Eurasia ($665.8 million): The FY 2022 AEECA request for Europe and Eurasia will build countries’ resilience to foreign malign influence and advance Euro-Atlantic integration, while addressing growing challenges from Russia and the People’s Republic of China, including predatory development. Funding will support programs focused on defending democracy, rule of law, advancing human rights and gender equality, fighting corruption, and countering authoritarianism. Programs will work to support allies and partners as they develop a response to the COVID-19 pandemic and implement measures to address the secondary impacts of the pandemic throughout all sectors of the economy and society. Programs will support free and fair media, civil society, energy and infrastructure, cyber security, and economic development. The FY 2022 request maintains high levels of support for Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, and the Western Balkans, while providing increased levels of funding to support the democratic aspirations of the Belarusian people and to promote peace through regional engagement in the Caucasus. Highlights include:

• Georgia ($88.0 million): U.S. assistance will support Georgia’s democratization, economic development, Euro-Atlantic integration, and build resilience to counter Kremlin malign influence. Funding will help strengthen institutional checks and balances and the rule of law; develop a more vibrant civil society; improve access to independent, reliable, and balanced media; promote political pluralism; support reconciliation efforts including in Abkhazia; increase energy security and advance clean energy; promote reforms necessary to foster economic development; expand private-sector competitiveness and agricultural productivity; and attract foreign investment. Increased funding will help enhance energy security and cybersecurity, as well as economic opportunities and integration for populations susceptible to Russian malign influence.

• Moldova ($47.9 million): U.S. assistance will support reforms necessary for Moldova’s European integration and to mitigate vulnerabilities to Kremlin malign influence. Funding will support ongoing reforms to improve governance and expand decentralization; increase transparency and accountability; strengthen the rule of law and judicial reform; address corruption; bolster civil society, civic activism, and independent media; and improve the integrity of electoral processes. The United States will provide increased support for Moldova’s integration with the EU energy market, as well as private-sector competitiveness and regulatory reform as Moldova pivots toward European markets and looks to promote greater foreign investment

92 • Ukraine ($255.0 million): U.S. assistance will strengthen Ukraine’s ability to counter Russian aggression. Funding will accelerate reforms to address corruption; enhance transparency and accountability, including by expanding e-government initiatives; advance institutional reforms and training necessary for European integration; improve the business climate and enhance trade capacity; strengthen the agricultural sector; support energy security through reform of Ukraine's national oil and gas company and increase energy efficiency; contribute to reconstruction efforts; and provide support for the Organization for Security Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) in Ukraine. Funds will also continue to promote democratic and economic reforms; support civil society, decentralization, access to unbiased information, and judicial reform; and encourage clean energy investment. Funds will support efforts to combat vaccine hesitancy and post- pandemic response and preparedness.

• Western Balkans ($106.2 million): U.S. Assistance to Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, Albania, and Montenegro will support EU-accession related reforms and efforts to counter Russian influence and disinformation, all with an emphasis on advancing rule of law, countering corruption, boosting civil society activism, and ensuring a vibrant independent media sector. Programs will also engage and empower local government and youth to catalyze local economic growth, stem brain drain and promote reconciliation among different ethnic groups. Funding will promote private sector led economic growth, energy security including renewable energy, cyber security, a sound financial and regulatory environment required for investment, and the implementation of related 2020 Washington Agreement commitments and other normalization agreements between Kosovo and Serbia. These investments will also spur economic recovery in the wake of COVID-19.

• Europe and Eurasia Regional ($103.3 million): U.S. assistance will support initiatives to counter corruption and advance economic and democratic transition in the region; promote sub-regional cooperation and economic integration, especially in the Western Balkans; support cross-border energy linkages; promote civil society development and networks; foster professional investigative journalism, particularly through regional journalist networks; and leverage transition experience and resources from other donors, including former foreign assistance recipients. Assistance will include regional programs to counter malign influence, especially in the areas of investment screening and digitalization. Programs will support the belief that people everywhere deserve a government that supports an open marketplace of ideas, transparent and accountable governance, equal treatment under the law, and the ability of citizens to exercise their rights without fear of retribution. Funding will support opportunities for direct interactions, including through peer-to-peer, educational, cultural, and other regional programs that provide exchanges of best practices and ideas on themes of mutual interest. Additional funds will support regional challenges including maintaining stability and encouraging peace in the South Caucasus.

Central Asia ($123.2 million): In Central Asia, the FY 2022 AEECA Request will support the implementation of the Central Asia Strategy and the C5+1 Platform, which brings together the United States and five Central Asia countries to work on shared objectives. Assistance resources support U.S. objectives of a sovereign, stable, and independent region that can make its own political and economic decisions independent of malign actors. Funding prioritizes support for Uzbekistan’s reforms and the Central Asia Regional Operating Unit account. Highlights include:

• Uzbekistan ($31.4 million): U.S. assistance will support Uzbekistan’s sweeping reform efforts. Funding in the education sector will help the Government of Uzbekistan's efforts to modernize its basic education system and produce English-speaking and IT-literate graduates. Funding will also advance systemic rule of law reforms, including comprehensive anti-corruption measures intended to combat corruption across the government, ultimately reducing the cost of services for citizens and

93 improving procurement processes. U.S. assistance will facilitate economic sector reforms, including in the agriculture sector, which, in concert with anticorruption reforms, will improve the business climate for foreign direct investment (FDI). Uzbekistan needs FDI to reduce its economic reliance on Russia. U.S. assistance will also strengthen civil society and independent media.

• Central Asia Regional ($32.9 million): U.S. assistance will support assistance projects under the C5+1 platform. Funding will also enable energy security and regional cross-border activities that increase economic growth and trade, both within the region and with Afghanistan and South Asia. Specific activities include improving the transit of legal goods and services across borders; increasing cooperation and rational use of water and other natural resources; and improving governance along trade and transit corridors. Funding will also support the OSCE to advance U.S. foreign policy goals, such as the promotion of democracy and human rights. This regional programming complements bilateral programs in Central Asia to build resilience to economic and political pressures due to Russian influence.

• Tajikistan ($29.0 million): Stability and economic growth in Tajikistan are critical to achieving regional stability and strengthening regional economic integration. U.S. assistance will fund programs to build agricultural sector capacity and related supply chains, promote clean energy, provide clean water, improve sanitation and government services, support small and medium enterprises in the private sector, provide English language training, and promote education and access to information. Programs will increase U.S. engagement with Tajikistan’s educational institutions, promote civic involvement and knowledge of basic democratic principles and promote independent media.

94 MIGRATION AND REFUGEE ASSISTANCE

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Migration and Refugee 3,432,000 3,432,000 3,845,000 413,000 Assistance Enduring 1,910,645 1,730,583 3,845,000 2,114,417 Overseas Contingency 1,521,355 1,701,417 - -1,701,417 Operations

The Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (PRM) is the humanitarian arm of the Department of State that, along with USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), ensures that humanitarian principles are thoroughly integrated into U.S. foreign and national security policy. PRM’s mandate is to provide life-saving assistance and protection to the world’s most vulnerable people, including refugees, conflict victims, internally displaced people, stateless persons, and vulnerable migrants, and to work to achieve durable solutions for the millions of forcibly displaced people across the globe, including refugee resettlement in the United States. PRM-funded activities, along with those funded with resources requested through the International Disaster Assistance and Food for Peace Title II accounts, and funds appropriated through the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 support U.S. strategic foreign policy objectives and contribute to regional stability.

In partnership with international and non-governmental humanitarian organizations, programs funded through the Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) account save lives and ease suffering, uphold human dignity, and play a critical role in helping to mitigate and resolve forced displacement in Afghanistan, Burma, Iraq, Somalia, South Sudan, Syria, Venezuela, Yemen, and elsewhere. MRA funding also plays a role in the U.S. government’s comprehensive approach to respond to irregular migration from Central America to the United States. PRM’s humanitarian assistance, coupled with diplomacy, forms an essential component of U.S. foreign policy by helping to strengthen bilateral relationships with refugee-hosting countries, such as Uganda, Turkey, Jordan, Bangladesh, and Colombia.

The proposed FY 2022 MRA request of $3,845.0 million will support continued U.S. leadership on refugee and humanitarian issues. The request provides the resources necessary to rebuild the refugee admissions program and will fund contributions to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), as well as other international and non-governmental organizations that address pressing humanitarian needs overseas and resettle refugees in the United States. The request also restores U.S. support for Palestinian refugees through the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).

Our contributions to multilateral international humanitarian organizations, combined with humanitarian diplomacy and advocacy, ensure that the U.S. government demonstrates leadership in the humanitarian community, shaping international responses to humanitarian crises, maintaining global response capacity including in response to COVID-19, ensuring burden sharing, and encouraging nations to provide more flexible, robust, and predictable funding and to meet their responsibilities to forcibly displaced people.

95 Highlights of the MRA request include:

Overseas Assistance ($3,228.0 million): PRM’s FY 2022 Overseas Assistance request level is a reflection of increasing humanitarian needs globally driven by the expanding number of new emergencies and protracted crises and a corresponding growth in forcibly displaced populations worldwide. Increased U.S. overseas support is commensurate with renewed U.S. humanitarian and multilateral leadership to address some of the most pressing crises across the globe. MRA-funded programs meet basic needs of refugees and other vulnerable populations, including water and sanitation, nutrition and health care, emergency shelter, and family reunification, while also promoting self-reliance of refugees through education and economic opportunities and supporting their host communities. PRM programs and diplomatic efforts emphasize protection of the most vulnerable, particularly women and children; support solutions to displacement through voluntary repatriation, local integration, or refugee resettlement in a third country; advocate for humane and effective international migration policies; and ensure that humanitarian principles continue to be respected.

Refugee Admissions ($550.0 million): The U.S. Refugee Admissions Program represents an important element of both refugee protection and durable solutions when repatriation and local integration are not possible. In line with the Executive Order on Rebuilding and Enhancing Programs to Resettle Refugees and Planning for the Impact of Climate Change on Migration (EO 14013), the FY 2022 MRA request includes the resources necessary to rebuild the nation’s refugee resettlement infrastructure. In addition to $550.0 million in resources in the refugee admissions line, the request also includes additional contingency funding sufficient to support meeting the goal of up to 125,000 refugee admissions in FY 2022. Funding will enable international and non-governmental organizations to help refugees and certain other categories of special immigrants to resettle in communities across the United States. The resettlement program focuses on providing initial reception and placement services for refugees, and on assisting them achieve economic self-sufficiency.

Humanitarian Migrants to Israel ($5.0 million): The FY 2022 MRA request helps identify durable solutions by maintaining U.S. government support for the relocation and integration of Jewish migrants to Israel, including those from the former Soviet Union, Near East, and Ethiopia.

Administrative Expenses ($62.0 million): The FY 2022 request will ensure monitoring and oversight of MRA-funded programs and support the Department of State’s lead role in humanitarian, migration, and population policy issues, policy oversight of international organizations and other partners, and related diplomatic engagement. The largest portion of administrative expenses will cover the salaries, benefits, and travel costs of U.S. direct hire staff, including regional refugee coordinators posted in U.S. embassies around the world.

96 EMERGENCY REFUGEE AND MIGRATION ASSISTANCE

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Emergency Refugee and 100 100 100 - Migration Assistance

The President’s Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA) Fund enables the President to address urgent unexpected refugee and migration needs.

97 PEACE CORPS

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Peace Corps 410,500 410,500 410,500 -

The FY 2022 budget request for the Peace Corps of $410.5 million, of which $6.3 million is for the Office of Inspector General, will allow the Peace Corps to meet its core goals: to help countries meet their development needs by building local capacity, to promote a better understanding of Americans around the world, and to bring the world back home by increasing the knowledge of Americans of other cultures. This request supports a cost-effective investment in strengthening our nation by advancing sustainable development and promoting a positive image of the United States. The Peace Corps also helps develop the next generation of American leaders who return home and leverage their leadership and entrepreneurial skills to shape communities across the United States.

The agency selects, trains, and supports American Volunteers who live and work in areas that other government programs are often unable to reach. Most Volunteers serve for 27 months, integrating into local communities and using their skills and experience to build capacity at the community level so that communities are empowered to solve their development challenges long after Volunteers have returned home. In addition, the Peace Corps provides targeted assistance in short-term, specialized assignments through Peace Corps Response, a program that matches experienced individuals with unique assignments that require advanced language, technical, and intercultural skills. Throughout all its Volunteer programs, the Peace Corps is committed to ensuring that Volunteers represent the breadth and depth of the diversity of the United States to audiences abroad.

Like so many other executive branch agencies, the Peace Corps was greatly impacted by the COVID-19 global pandemic. Approximately 7,000 Peace Corps Volunteers and Trainees were evacuated from their host countries in March 2020 and returned safely to their homes of record in United States. Since the evacuation occurred, the Peace Corps has been working hard to ensure that its mission continues, and that Volunteers are able to return to the field when it is safe to do so. This request supports the agency’s return to service efforts and will enable the agency to place Volunteers in up to 60 countries in FY 2022.

The Peace Corps takes an unparalleled approach to meeting its development and outreach goals. This approach uniquely positions the agency to assist in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The agency is developing plans for future programming through the lens of COVID-19, including partnerships with other agencies and Volunteer assignments that directly respond to host country needs under the pandemic.

The Peace Corps also works as a force multiplier by partnering with other executive branch agencies to dramatically increase the impact and sustainability of U.S. international development programs. With its unique ability to bring about lasting change in hard-to-reach communities, the Peace Corps is an important partner in a number of whole-of-government and interagency development initiatives including the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, the President’s Malaria Initiative, and the U.S. Government Global Food Security Strategy. The Peace Corps will continue these partnerships, while seeking further strategic partnerships to leverage the training and programmatic resources of the Peace Corps to support the overall U.S. and international response to the global COVID-19 pandemic as well as addressing the impacts of climate change.

98 The service of Volunteers to the United States continues long after they have left the Peace Corps by helping Americans learn about other cultures and peoples. Peace Corps service also builds tangible language, leadership, and intercultural skills that returned Volunteers utilize as they live, work, and serve in communities across our nation. Ultimately, the investment made in Volunteers is repaid many times over, at home and abroad.

99 MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Millennium Challenge 905,000 912,000 912,000 - Corporation

The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) requests $912.0 million for FY 2022 to deliver on its singular mission to reduce poverty through sustainable, inclusive economic growth, including by expanding the agency’s impact through new strategic priorities in climate, inclusion and gender, and catalyzing private sector investment.

Specifically, MCC requests $912.0 million for FY 2022 to reduce poverty through economic growth through compacts in Kosovo, Malawi, and Timor-Leste along with two concurrent regional compact programs focused on trade facilitation across borders: the Benin - Niger Regional Transport Corridor Project and the Côte d’Ivoire - Burkina Faso Energy Interconnection Project. This request level also provides funding for a threshold program to be selected in December 2021 and continued development of eight compacts and five threshold programs in MCC’s pipeline.

MCC is highly selective, partnering with countries that meet rigorous standards for good governance based on indicators that measure a country’s commitment to (1) just and democratic governance, (2) economic freedom, and (3) investments in its people. To be considered for funding, countries must first pass MCC’s scorecard— comprising independent and transparent third-party indicators that measure a country’s policy performance in the three areas noted above. This selection process creates an incentive for countries to improve their policy performance while targeting MCC’s high quality funding – predictable, flexible, and multi-year grants that do not add to countries’ debt burden – to those countries most likely to use it well.

Country ownership is a core MCC principle. Once a country is selected, MCC works closely with governments to design cost-effective programs that offer solutions to overcoming binding constraints to economic growth. MCC also collaborates closely with the private sector and civil society to identify constraints, implement programs, and mobilize additional financial resources and expertise.

To ensure the most impactful utilization of MCC funds, the agency holds itself and its partners accountable for achieving results. Data-driven, evidence-based decision-making is at the core of MCC’s approach, ensuring the agency maximizes the impact and cost-effectiveness of its programs. This commitment continues to be recognized, with MCC ranking number one for the fifth consecutive year as the most transparent of all federal agencies measured in Results for America’s 2020 “Federal Invest in What Works Index.”

In FY 2022, MCC will build on its model to continue to innovate to achieve greater impact across its portfolio. To do this, MCC will focus on three strategic priorities across its operations and programming:

• Climate: MCC has a strong track record on climate change, including adaptation, resilience, and mitigation. Between FY15-FY20, MCC devoted $1.5 billion, or roughly 38 percent of the agency’s program funds, to climate related activities. MCC will expand and deepen this work to address climate change challenges across the agency’s investment portfolio and business operations— investing in climate-smart development and sustainable infrastructure. The agency will start stepping

100 up its climate-related work in FY22, with a goal that more than 50 percent of its program funds in the next five years are devoted to climate related activities.

• Inclusion and Gender: MCC will seek to make inclusion central to the translation of growth into poverty reduction. Building on MCC’s work to empower women, the agency will bring greater rigor into how MCC’s interventions will contribute to social access and equity.

• Catalyzing Private Sector Investment: MCC will step up efforts to mobilize private sector financing for development priorities and the economic recovery from COVID-19. MCC is actively working on new partnerships to optimally blend public and private financing and shaping policy to reduce risks and market failure that impede private investment, including with US International Development Finance Corporation.

These three areas are in line with the Administration’s priorities and will enable MCC to expand its impact and better deliver on high quality economic growth that is sustainable, inclusive, and job rich.

101 INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Inter-American 37,500 38,000 38,000 - Foundation

The FY 2022 Budget request of $38.0 million for the Inter-American Foundation (IAF) will enable the agency to invest directly in effective, community-led development throughout Latin America and the Caribbean to build a more prosperous, peaceful, and democratic region. With the COVID-19 pandemic erasing a decade of economic growth in the region, compounded by recent natural disasters—increasing its population living in poverty by at least 12 percent — the IAF will partner with local organizations to help marginalized communities recover and rebuild stronger.

In FY 2022, the IAF will advance U.S. priorities and goodwill in the hemisphere by providing grants that create economic opportunities, enhance peace and security, strengthen civic engagement for better governance, and unlock private and public resources for local development. Communities that are productive, secure, inclusive, and democratic are better allies and more able to address their own problems, including those that drive irregular migration. The agency will continue its initiatives focused on addressing the root causes of Central American migration, spurring local economic activity and strengthening food security, building resilience to natural disasters and extreme weather, supporting displaced Venezuelans, and advancing the social and economic inclusion of historically marginalized populations, including women, youth, Indigenous people, LGBTQ+, African descendants, and people with disabilities.

The IAF’s deep ties and half century of expertise working with civil society, including incipient and grassroots organizations, complement the efforts of other U.S. foreign assistance agencies. On average over the last five years, IAF grantees have contributed or mobilized $1.26 for every $1.00 invested by the IAF. The IAF also collaborates with the private sector to mobilize the additional funding and technical expertise needed to scale its impact and connects its grantees within and among countries to share their lessons learned through peer-to-peer exchanges.

The FY 2022 Budget proposes an appropriation equal to the level enacted in FY 2021. In FY 2022, the IAF will work with civil society partners to advance recovery from the pandemic and devastating natural disasters, reduce risks of violence and transnational crime, and strengthen civil society organizations’ ability to engage constructively with their governments and hold them accountable. The agency will continue to collaborate with counterparts on priority interagency initiatives and seek additional partnerships to leverage its approach and network in support of its mission and the interests of the United States.

102 U.S. AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

FY 2020 FY 2021 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) FY 2022 Request Actual Estimate 2021 Estimate U.S. African Development 33,000 33,000 33,000 - Foundation

The FY 2022 request of $33 million for U.S. African Development Foundation (USADF) programs will provide resources to establish new grants and to support an active portfolio of 400 grants to community- based enterprises.

USADF is a Federally funded public corporation promoting economic development among marginalized populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. USADF impacts about one million people each year in underserved communities across Africa. Its innovative small grants program (less than $250,000 per grant) based on effectiveness, efficiencies, and return on taxpayer investments work together to increase food security, power local communities and enterprises through clean energy solutions, and provide entrepreneurial opportunities and improved income potential for Africa’s women and youth. USADF’s programmatic speed and agility allows it to establish programs in post-conflict areas in months, not years, and prioritizes innovative programs and new approaches to be integrated into core investments.

USADF furthers U.S. priorities in these areas to ensure critical development initiatives enacted by Congress, such as the Global Food Security Act, Electrify Africa Act, and the African Growth and Opportunities Act, extend to underserved rural populations. In Africa, it is estimated that the current climate trajectory could force more than 100 million people into extreme poverty by 2030. The continent is the most-exposed region to the adverse effects of climate change despite contributing the least to global warming. For USADF’s work, climate-related impacts are felt across all agricultural and economic development activities. USADF’s program is combatting and mitigating the impact of climate change. The Sahel Region Initiative, with the aim of creating climate-resilient communities, strengthens the resiliency of producers and agricultural enterprises to climate-related shocks by encouraging and facilitating innovative technologies and environmentally sustainable practices.

USADF’s results-based development model maximizes taxpayer dollars by linking African host country dollars, corporate social investments, and interagency funding sources to achieve sustainable economic growth opportunities for grassroots, small, and growing enterprises in underserved regions across Africa.

103 DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY

FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Department of Treasury 30,000 33,000 38,000 5,000 Technical Assistance

OTA works with finance ministries, central banks, and related government institutions to support efficient revenue collection, well-planned and executed budgets, judicious debt management, sound banking systems, and strong controls to combat money laundering and other economic crimes. OTA complements the work of Treasury’s offices of International Affairs and Terrorism and Financial Intelligence by helping the governments of developing and transitional countries build the human and institutional capacity to implement improvements in economic and terrorist financing policies. OTA also supports partner countries’ efforts to more effectively raise their own domestic resources, reducing dependence on foreign assistance. OTA’s work contributes to U.S. foreign policy goals, such as private sector-led economic growth, reduced corruption, and increased accountability and transparency. OTA is a small, cost-effective program that leverages a cadre of highly experienced technical advisors who work side-by- side with host country counterparts. Currently, OTA has projects in approximately 50 countries in Latin America, Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East

Demand for OTA assistance around the world is strong and continues to increase, including in areas deeply impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as debt management, revenue mobilization, cash management, problem bank resolution, and broader fiscal and financial sector challenges. OTA would use the requested budget resources in FY 2022 to respond quickly and in a sustained way to this growing demand with an emphasis on those areas that are priorities for the United States, including combating terrorist financing and financial crimes, reducing countries’ dependence on foreign financial aid through improved domestic resource mobilization, and creating the conditions for private sector-led economic growth, including by improving the climate for private sector investment in infrastructure projects in developing and transitional countries. The requested resources would enable the program to assist partner countries in developing and implementing fiscally-sound approaches to financing climate-related or environmental projects, including renewable energy and infrastructure projects. The request also supports important ongoing enhancements to OTA’s project monitoring and evaluation regime in compliance with the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016 (FATAA).

104 INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate International Narcotics Control 1,391,000 1,385,573 1,525,738 140,165 and Law Enforcement

The FY 2022 International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) President’s Budget level of $1,525.7 million supports U.S. partners in developing and strengthening their criminal justice systems and capabilities in a manner that upholds human rights while protecting the safety and security of the American people from the impact of crime, including transnational crime, and instability overseas. INCLE programs promote a stable and open international system, reinforcing bilateral and multilateral cooperation to address and mitigate security threats posed by illicit trafficking in narcotics, persons, and wildlife, among other pernicious forms of transnational crime as well as support programs to address structural inequality, bias, and discrimination in the criminal justice system. Programs strengthen the ability of international partners to cooperate effectively with U.S. law enforcement and address the underlying conditions, such as corruption and weak rule of law, that foster state fragility and spur irregular migration to the United States.

The INCLE request prioritizes assistance that addresses transnational threats to U.S. national security as well as the crime and violence that contribute to irregular migration to the United States. Additionally, the request fully supports efforts to address the root causes of migration from Central America, including insecurity, corruption, and weak rule of law. The request supports U.S. allies and partners in addressing shared national security interests in combating transnational organized crime (TOC) and illicit trafficking. INCLE programs will promote democratic governance and strengthen the resilience of our partners to withstand external pressures by promoting the rule of law and human rights, reducing vulnerabilities to security and governance vacuums, and combating corruption. INCLE assistance also counters financial crime and money laundering, natural resource crime, cybercrime, and intellectual property infractions that cost the U.S. economy billions of dollars each year. In addition, INCLE programming supports the implementation of the Women, Peace and Security Act by supporting women’s participation and leadership in the criminal justice system and access to justice for survivors of gender-based violence. Furthermore, the request supports programs where the United States seeks to reduce instability and ungoverned spaces that provide a foothold for crime, terrorism, insurgencies, and unchecked human rights abuses.

Africa ($65.8 million): Transnational crime and endemic corruption continue to threaten economic growth and stability across Africa, which negatively impacts U.S. national security interests. In the Sahel and Central and East Africa, weak criminal justice systems and poor law enforcement-community relations reduce stability and the ability to investigate and prosecute major crimes, including terrorism. The INCLE request supports programs that promote stabilization and disrupt the illicit trafficking of narcotics, goods, and persons. Funds will be used to strengthen criminal justice systems through regional programs in East Africa, West Africa, and the Sahel, as well as bilateral programs in Nigeria, Somalia, and other countries. New programming for Sudan will focus on addressing key drivers of instability through support for community policing, justice sector capacity building, and combating corruption and financial crimes.

105 East Asia and Pacific ($41.8 million): Throughout the region, porous borders, expansive and largely unpatrolled maritime routes, abundant valuable natural resources, under-funded criminal justice sector institutions, and malign PRC influence combine to create conditions under which domestic, regional, and international criminal networks operate with impunity. U.S. assistance will strengthen national security by increasing partners’ capacity to ensure freedom of navigation in the South China Sea and by countering security threats such as TOC. Programs will counter narcotics trafficking, thereby stemming the flow of synthetic drugs contributing to the U.S. opioid epidemic. INCLE assistance will allow regional partners to counter malign influence in the region by strengthening rule of law and promotion of human rights, countering corruption and criminal entities, and strengthening maritime capacity to protect their borders. Programs will strengthen cooperation among law enforcement and other criminal justice sector professionals in the areas of civilian security sector reform, cybercrime, counternarcotics, trafficking in persons (TIP), wildlife trafficking, maritime law enforcement, and the rule of law. These programs support efforts to build a rules-based security order and promote transparency and democratic governance in the region.

Europe and Eurasia ($82.2 million): Weak rule of law and widespread corruption in the region create an environment in which transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) thrive and erode the stability of U.S. partners in the fight against illegal trafficking, Russian malign influence, and other threats to U.S. national and economic security including corruption, cybercrime, weak financial regulation, and limited anti-money laundering enforcement. U.S. assistance is key to helping our partners address these threats to U.S. interests by promoting reform in the justice and law enforcement sectors through support to new institutions and specialized agencies. INCLE programs focus on promoting anticorruption and transparency reforms, fighting TCOs, investigating and prosecuting money laundering, raising citizen awareness of legal rights, expanding access to legal representation, combating TIP, and promoting cooperation within the region to combat common security threats more effectively. Programs also aim to reduce and prevent corruption that disadvantages U.S. business and trade interests in a region with profound economic ties to the United States.

Near East ($77.9 million): Building lasting civilian security partnerships promotes stability, basic public order, and justice while collectively deterring aggression and reducing threats to U.S. and partner interests in the region. Ineffective, unresponsive, abusive, or corrupt civilian security and criminal justice institutions can enable human rights abuses and exacerbate fragility, undermine the ability of U.S. partners to contain and defeat terrorist groups, and overburden partner militaries with internal security responsibilities, diverting valuable resources away from other critical security threats. INCLE programs advance U.S. national security interests and address these vulnerabilities by building the capacity of partner law enforcement and justice sector organizations through community security initiatives that promote effective correctional systems and build institutional capacity to counter major crimes, including transnational crime and illicit financing. The request continues INCLE assistance for the West Bank, restarted in FY 2021, that builds professional and accountable security and criminal justice institutions that maintain security and stability, uphold the rule of law and human rights, and contribute directly to regional security. The request also continues INCLE assistance for Syria, restarted in FY 2020, to support local security actors to provide safe communities for those returning to Northeast Syria. The request includes support for criminal justice system capacity building in Tunisia with the long-term goal of creating stability and promoting assistance to other key partners in the region to improve internal stability and security.

South and Central Asia ($107.8 million): INCLE resources advance U.S. national security interests in the region by enhancing the security and stability of partner countries through targeted efforts that strengthen effective criminal justice sector and civilian security sector institutions to become more capable of combating TCOs, controlling borders, combating the narcotics trade, prosecuting corruption, and countering cybercrime. U.S. assistance in the region will support training for law enforcement and

106 prosecutors. Assistance also supports efforts to improve the effectiveness of the criminal justice system, bolster the corrections sector, strengthen access to justice systems, aid survivors of gender-based violence, enhance border security, and combat the trafficking and production of illicit narcotics. In Afghanistan, programs reinforce the Afghan government’s capacity and deny the insurgency revenue generated from the illicit narcotics trade, strengthen the capacity of criminal justice institutions, and aid women and children survivors, and those at risk of gender-based violence and trafficking in persons. For Pakistan, assistance will focus on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, as well as maritime security programs along the Makran Coast. Assistance in the Indo-Pacific will support anticorruption and cybercrime efforts and will also support the Central Asia Strategy through countering corruption. INCLE programs contribute to the whole-of-government approach to preventing and countering terrorism in the region by building up strong criminal justice sector partners capable of addressing terrorism and reducing radicalization.

Western Hemisphere ($570.4 million): INCLE resources for the Western Hemisphere will disrupt the activities of TCOs, support anticorruption efforts, improve citizen security, reduce illicit drug production and trafficking, and strengthen cooperative efforts to address irregular migration and its root causes. Assistance will target specific threats posed by continued increases in coca cultivation in Colombia, Mexican-sourced synthetic drugs contributing to rising overdose deaths in the United States, and associated crime and impunity driving irregular migration to the United States, particularly from Central America. Funding will continue support for specialized task forces, vetted units, Model Police Precincts, and other community policing efforts to increase security for citizens in high-crime areas, promote violence prevention, and combat gender-based violence, particularly in Central America through the Central America Regional Security Initiative, to mitigate a key driver of migration to the United States. Increased focus on anticorruption programming coupled with law enforcement and justice sector professionalization will support the Central America Root Causes Strategy required by Executive Order 14010. Funds will continue to support supply reduction efforts, including interdiction and eradication, as part of a holistic, integrated counternarcotics strategy that includes expansion of rural rule of law, access to markets, and environmental protection efforts. U.S. support will leverage regional expertise, as appropriate, and promote regional cooperation and integration to maximize impact. U.S. assistance will build partner country law enforcement capacity to eradicate and interdict drugs, particularly in Colombia, Peru, and Mexico; bolster anti-money laundering capabilities to remove illicit revenue from organized crime; and support anticorruption efforts and institutional justice sector reform throughout the region to hold criminals accountable. Technical support to regional partners will improve border and seaport security, build capacity of specialized task forces and vetted units to enhance investigations, counter gangs, and address crime and violence, through the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative and bilateral efforts in Haiti.

Centrally Managed INL Programs ($433.8 million): The request consolidates country program development and support (PD&S) into the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) – Program Development and Support operating unit, consistent with the FY 2021 request. Consolidating PD&S will allow for increased efficiencies and flexibility to address programs’ administrative requirements and to rapidly respond to changes in the field. PD&S includes administrative costs to support program planning, oversight, implementation, and monitoring for all INCLE programs, as well as program design and learning to conduct evaluations and assessments. By combining all PD&S funding into one operating unit, INL will gain efficiencies and have increased flexibility to address programs’ administrative requirements. Consolidation will enable INL to respond to changes at post and allows for more operational flexibility to continue funding the administrative costs required to properly manage the bureau.

Programs centrally managed by INL build capacity and networks critical to countering threats to U.S. security caused by TCOs, gangs, corruption, laundering of proceeds of crime, cybercrime and cyber- enabled crime, theft of intellectual property, drug use and abuse, instability, vulnerable borders, and

107 trafficking of narcotics, persons, wildlife, and other illicit goods around the world. In particular, these programs will support criminal justice sectors to investigate cybercrime and boost cooperation in these cases to bring to justice perpetrators and get justice for victims. Further, these programs will support U.S. leadership in multilateral forums on cybercrime and aim to counter efforts to undermine existing cybercrime cooperation mechanisms. Centrally managed funds will support expanded anticorruption and fundamental rule of law reform programming and anticorruption training for the Department of State and interagency implementing partners, as well as internal guidance tools and resources on best practices in anticorruption program design, monitoring, and evaluation to ensure sustained progress in the out years on this critical issue. Assistance will provide flexibility and expertise to respond to high-visibility, priority initiatives on TOC, while supporting unique global and regional programs. These programs not only complement bilateral INCLE-funded efforts, but also play a critical function in defending and advancing U.S. interests in international fora, enforcing global standards for government capacity to counter criminal activity and to treat and prevent substance use, and emphasizing regional and international cooperation and information sharing to strengthen effective criminal investigations of complex crimes that stretch across borders and regions. Programs also promote women, peace and security, counter gender-based violence, build the criminal justice response to atrocities and resilience to their commission, and promote police readiness to effectively participate in civilian peacekeeping operations.

Centrally managed programs also support INL’s efforts to become a learning organization by providing technical assistance, training, tools, resources, and knowledge to all domestic offices and overseas sections. Programs employ a multi-disciplinary approach to identify and disseminate evidence-based criminal justice sector practices, provide centralized support mechanisms for capacity building, and support INL’s mission as a thought leader in the Department and globally by developing and sharing guidance on how to design high-impact foreign assistance interventions. INL relies on multiple sources of evidence to inform programming and policy. These include the program evaluations INL commissions directly, additional program evaluations INL's implementing partners conduct on INL-funded programs, and distillations of research and evaluations in common INL programming areas to ensure the bureau uses the broadest possible evidence base. Programs provide training to INL staff to ensure they have the knowledge and skills to support INL’s mission, and programs support external training using the expertise of U.S. federal, state, and local criminal justice agencies.

Countering People’s Republic of China Malign Influence Fund (CPMIF) ($70.0 million): The CPMF will strengthen the Administration's efforts to win the strategic competition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) in line with principles articulated in the Interim National Security Strategy Guidance. CPMF will support the Administration's goals to increase the capacity and resilience of U.S. partners and allies worldwide to deter aggression, coercion, and malign influence by state and non-state actors. INCLE funds will strengthen partner maritime security and governance, combat transnational and cybercrime linked to PRC entities, and counter corruption and enhance the rule of law where the PRC threatens national autonomy and the rule of law.

Prevention and Stabilization Fund (PSF) ($10.0 million): This funding will directly support the implementation of the strategy under the 2019 Global Fragility Act (GFA) adopting a multi-pronged, multi-sectoral approach to strengthen the resilience of partner nations and civil society to address fragility challenges in countries at risk of or experiencing instability and conflict. INCLE funding will promote programs that directly address fragility by combating corruption, protecting human rights, reinforcing critical governance reforms, and developing criminal justice and civilian law enforcement capacity. Funding will seek to anticipate and prevent conflict, support inclusive, locally-driven political processes to stabilize conflict-affected areas, and improve and integrate interagency capabilities.

Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (J/TIP) ($66.0 million): Human trafficking threatens public safety and national security. It robs millions of their freedom, undermines the rule of law,

108 distorts global markets, and enriches transnational criminal and terrorist organizations. The TIP Office’s foreign assistance addresses this challenge via support for the “3Ps”: prosecution, protection, and prevention, as well as partnerships. Priorities for FY 2022 funding will be guided in large part by the findings of the annual Trafficking in Persons Report with the primary goal of assisting countries on the lower tiers with the political will to meet the Trafficking Victims Protection Act’s minimum standards for the elimination of TIP. With FY 2022 funding, the TIP Office will advance the following strategic resource themes: addressing the secondary effects of COVID-19, renewing and championing human rights, protecting the world’s most marginalized and underrepresented communities, and restoring U.S. leadership to combat human trafficking.

109 NONPROLIFERATION, ANTI-TERRORISM, DEMINING AND RELATED PROGRAMS

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, 895,750 889,247 900,247 11,000 Demining and Related Programs

The FY 2022 Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related (NADR) Programs request of $900.2 million will support a broad range of U.S. national interests through critical, security-related programs that reduce threats posed by international terrorist activities; landmines, explosive remnants of war (ERW) and stockpiles of excess conventional weapons and munitions; nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons of mass destruction (WMD); and other destabilizing weapons and missiles, including Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS) and their associated technologies. This request concentrates resources where they offer the most value and impact to U.S. national security priorities and streamlines sub-accounts in order to promote greater integration of counterterrorism programming.

Nonproliferation Activities

The Voluntary Contribution to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ($95.0 million): U.S. efforts to bring Iran, Syria, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) into compliance with their nuclear nonproliferation obligations – and to deter and detect noncompliance elsewhere – are heavily dependent on IAEA verification activities. In addition to promoting nuclear safeguards, funds advance U.S. security interests by supporting programs that promote nuclear safety and security, the responsible use of nuclear energy, and the peaceful uses of nuclear technologies.

Contributions to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization’s Preparatory Commission (CTBTO PrepCom) ($31.0 million): The PrepCom is responsible for the fielding, operation, and maintenance of the state-of-the-art International Monitoring System (IMS), a global network of 321 seismic, hydro acoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide sensing stations designed and optimized to detect nuclear explosions worldwide. The International Data Centre provides analysis and data products to CTBT signatory states. The United States uses this data to supplement U.S. National Technical Means to monitor for nuclear explosions (a mission carried out by the U.S. Air Force). This request includes funding to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the IMS and its supporting systems through funding of specific projects to address priority needs. Such projects are recommended by the Nuclear Testing Verification and Monitoring Task Force (VMTF), consisting of representatives from the Departments of State, Energy, Defense, and the Intelligence Community, in consultation with the CTBTO PrepCom Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS). In addition, this request facilitates the hiring of Americans by the PTS through a Tax Reimbursement Agreement and covers the U.S. assessed contribution.

The Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund (NDF) ($15.0 million): The NDF provides a means for the United States to respond rapidly to vital nonproliferation and disarmament opportunities, circumstances, or conditions that are unanticipated or unusually difficult. The NDF develops, negotiates, and implements carefully vetted projects to destroy, secure, or prevent the proliferation of WMD and related materials and delivery systems, and destabilizing conventional weapons.

110

Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism (WMDT) ($11.5 million): WMDT leads efforts to counter global WMD terrorism threats by strengthening international coordination and partner countries’ capabilities to prevent, detect, defeat, and respond to smuggling, acquisition, and use of WMD and related material by terrorists or other non-state actors, with an increased emphasis on biological and chemical terrorism. WMDT also advances U.S. national security through the U.S. co-chairmanship of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism and related assistance efforts to strengthen international cooperation and burden-sharing against global nuclear and radiological terrorism threats.

Export Control and Related Border Security (EXBS) ($79.8 million): EXBS protects U.S. national security by building partner capacity to: prevent the proliferation of WMD, their delivery systems, and destabilizing conventional weapons; detect, deter, and interdict illicit cross-border trade; impede diversion of sensitive technologies for military end-use; disrupt exploitation of critical infrastructure, including financial systems, commercial transportation, and critical ports of entry by malign state and non-state actors; and secure foreign borders against risks that threaten U.S. citizens and interests. EXBS assistance strengthens strategic trade control systems and improves the front-line and investigative capabilities of border enforcement organizations. EXBS also counters malign activities of China, Russia, DPRK, and Iran and employs a data-driven threat prioritization tool to identify engagement partners, including advanced technology suppliers and transit hubs.

Countering People’s Republic of China Malign Influence Fund (CPMIF) ($3.7 million): NADR-EXBS funding for the Countering People's Republic of China Malign Influence Fund (CPMIF) will support activities in multiple NADR sub-accounts to conduct research, outreach, and capacity building designed to prevent exploitation of technology, expertise, and critical infrastructure by the People's Republic of China (PRC). CPMIF activities requested in NADR-EXBS may include supply chain mapping of critical and emerging technologies that support PRC military modernization; capacity building to increase resilience to PRC's coercive or exploitative economic practices that may undermine partners' national security interests; development and implementation of effective investment screening and public procurement mechanisms; assistance in development, implementation, and enforcement of technology transfer and military catch-all controls and related industry and academic outreach; efforts to increase partners' cyber resilience and prevent cyber-attacks that compromise trade; maritime sanctions and security initiatives designed to target ports facing increased levels of state-driven foreign investment; bolstering proliferation financing and other financial controls, including regulation of digital currencies; and investigative activities to detect and interdict PRC's proliferation activities.

The Global Threat Reduction Program (GTR) ($86.4 million): GTR implements innovative threat- driven foreign capacity-building programs to prevent proliferator states and terrorists from developing, proliferating, or using weapons of mass destruction (WMD) materials, equipment, expertise, related delivery systems, and advanced conventional weapons (ACW) that threaten U.S. national security. GTR priorities include: preventing biological and chemical weapons attacks by state and non-state actors; countering Russia’s disruptive nonproliferation actions and the Chinese Government’s pursuit of military advantage; and impeding proliferator state WMD, nuclear reactor export, ballistic missile, and ACW programs.

CPMIF ($6.3 million): NADR-GTR funded CPMIF activities will work with public and private sector stakeholders, GTR will share open-source information on CCP-supported cyber threat actors, country- and region-specific case studies, MCF typologies and red flags, and best practices. GTR will sensitize vulnerable public and private sector institutions to how CCP-directed investments compromise their sovereignty over business and research practices in ways that enhance proliferation risk; as well as the inherent intellectual property theft and reputational risks, for the purpose of developing action plans to implement sub-regulatory best practices.

111 Antiterrorism Activities

Terrorist Interdiction Program/Personal Identification, Secure Comparison, & Evaluation System (TIP/PISCES) ($50.0 million): TIP activities are increasingly important to safeguarding our partners and the U.S. homeland, particularly given the threat of foreign terrorist fighters returning to their home countries from Syria and Iraq or traveling to third countries or other conflict zones. The TIP/PISCES program provides state-of-the-art computerized border security screening systems, periodic hardware and software upgrades, and technical assistance and training to partner nations that enable immigration and border control officials to quickly identify suspect persons attempting to enter or leave their countries. The request provides funds for the deployment of PISCES installations, including biometric enhancements and technology to detect fraudulent travel documents, to critical partner and candidate nations vulnerable to terrorist travel. Every day, more than 300,000 travelers worldwide are processed through PISCES-equipped border control sites in 24 high counterterrorism-priority countries. The requested funding will also support the research, development, and testing of enhanced capabilities to address evolving needs for customized interfaces with local and international databases, as well as the deployment of portable and mobile PISCES systems for remote locations lacking infrastructure, while ensuring that the PISCES system maintains standards in accordance with international norms.

Antiterrorism Assistance (ATA) ($276.7 million): These funds are critical in bolstering front line states’ law enforcement capabilities to counter ISIS and other terrorist organizations, al Qa’ida and Iran- backed threats. Bilateral and regional ATA programs provide training, consultations, equipment, infrastructure, and mentoring and advising to enhance partner nations’ law enforcement counterterrorism capacities. This enables them to deal more effectively with security challenges within their borders; defend against threats to national and regional stability; and deter terrorist operations across borders and regions. The request includes $161.2 million for ATA program, bilateral and multilateral engagement on counterterrorism, and counterterrorism finance (CTF) programs. This request also includes $105.5 million for the Counterterrorism Partnerships Fund (CTPF). ATA law enforcement capacity-building includes: counterterrorism investigations, bomb detection and disposal, critical-incident management, dignitary protection, aviation and border security, hostage negotiation, and cyber security. This assistance enhances the capacity of partner countries’ law enforcement to counter terrorism by supporting key bilateral, multilateral, and regional efforts to build political will among foreign government officials to address shared counterterrorism law enforcement challenges, including through the Global Counterterrorism Forum and the International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law in Malta. U.S. engagement is intended to reinforce the need for states to adopt a comprehensive approach to build law enforcement, including through building broader criminal justice, capacities to counter terrorism within the rule of law and with respect for human rights. Funding requested for CTF programming builds the capacity of frontline partner nations’ law enforcement to deter, detect, disrupt, dismantle, and prosecute those involved with terrorist financing networks. CTF programming will provide bilateral and multilateral assistance directed at key countries to assist them to develop anti-money laundering and other CTF programs. Additionally, funds will expand the scope of and ensure the sustainability of successful CTPF programs; enhance the capacity of law enforcement to confront terrorist ideology and recruitment; and accelerate efforts to defeat ISIS and other terrorist organizations, decimate a resurgent al-Qa’ida, and crack down on Iranian-sponsored terrorism. This request also includes $10.0 million in Prevention and Stabilization funding to support the implementation of the Global Fragility Act.

Regional Stability

Conventional Weapons Destruction (CWD) ($254.9 million): The CWD program will continue to advance U.S. efforts to secure and combat the illicit proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SA/LW), including Man Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS) and other advanced conventional weapons systems, and to clear land contaminated with landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW).

112 CWD activities will mitigate security and public safety risks associated with excess, obsolete, unstable, or poorly secured and maintained weapons and munitions stockpiles, including MANPADS, by assisting countries with destruction programs, improving physical security at storage facilities, and enhancing stockpile management practices. CWD will also confront the dangers posed by landmines and other ERW by surveying hazard areas, clearing landmines and ERW from affected areas, educating vulnerable populations, and assisting ERW victims. CWD enduring priorities for FY 2022 will include improving the security and safety of existing stockpiles and reducing excess, unstable, and poorly secured stockpiles, including stockpiles of MANPADS, which threaten the life and property of U.S. citizens and U.S. allies, particularly in Southeast Europe, Africa’s Sahel-Maghreb region, and in the Western Hemisphere; continuing clearance of ERW to promote stability in areas of key foreign policy concern, such as Afghanistan, Iraq, and Yemen; continuing clearance of U.S.-origin ERW in Southeast Asia and the Pacific; helping Ukraine to counter the effects of Russian aggression by clearing ERW in and near the conflict zone and improving physical security and management of Ukraine’s munitions storage facilities; countering China’s malign influence in Africa and Asia through high-visibility, high-impact demining efforts; and reducing the threat of illicitly held or at-risk MANPADS through safe and effective destruction efforts.

CPMIF ($15.0 million): NADR-CWD funded activities under the CPMIF may include humanitarian demining, physical security and stockpile management, or support for man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS) reduction. Funds may also be transferred to other NADR subaccounts. This Fund will deter PRC aggression and malign influence and thereby promote a stable and open international system by strengthening relationships with partner governments through increased capacity in securing and managing unstable weapons stockpiles and MANPADS. Additionally, humanitarian demining programs will promote stabilization efforts and commerce, which will further strengthen U.S. allies.

113 PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Peacekeeping 457,348 440,759 469,459 28,700 Operations Enduring 132,135 115,546 469,459 353,913 Overseas Contingency 325,213 325,213 - -325,213 Operations

The FY 2022 request for Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) of $469.5 million funds programs to bolster the capacity of partner nations to conduct critical peacekeeping, counterterrorism, and maritime security operations, support stabilization in countries grappling with violent conflict, implement security sector reform (SSR), and enhance security sector governance in select countries. PKO also provides support for the ongoing Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) mission in the Sinai. The request includes resources for program management and monitoring and evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the programs and employ lessons learned in out-year decision making

Africa ($307.7 million): Assistance focuses on the professionalization of African security forces and building key capabilities for our African partners that enhance their ability to conduct counterterrorism operations in East Africa, support sustainment of counterterrorism capabilities in East and West Africa, conduct maritime security operations, strengthen land and maritime borders, support the peace process in South Sudan, support capacity building at African military education institutions, strengthen and reform security institutions, and contribute to regional stability. PKO funds will support advisory assistance at the national, strategic, operational, and/or tactical levels, as well as training, equipment, and infrastructure improvements. Funds will continue long-term efforts to advance SSR to help ensure that forces are professional, accountable, and capable of maintaining peace and security in a manner that respects human rights and is consistent with international law. Bilateral PKO-funded programs will support Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, and South Sudan. Regional PKO funds will fund the following programs: Africa Conflict Stabilization and Border Security, Africa Military Education Program, Africa Maritime Security Initiative, Africa Regional Counterterrorism, and the Partnership for Regional East Africa Counterterrorism programs.

Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) ($24.0 million): Funds represent the U.S. contribution to the MFO mission in the Sinai Peninsula, which supervises the implementation of the security provisions of the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty – a fundamental element of regional stability. The MFO is a cornerstone of U.S. efforts to advance a comprehensive and lasting peace between Israel and its neighbors, and is critical to protecting U.S. security interests in the Middle East. Funds will be used for MFO operational expenses, matched equally by Israel and Egypt.

Prevention and Stabilization Fund (PSF) ($12.5 million): This funding will directly support the implementation of the strategy under the 2019 Global Fragility Act (GFA) adopting a multi-pronged, multi-sectoral approach to strengthen the resilience of partner nations and civil society to address fragility challenges in countries at risk of or experiencing instability and conflict. PKO funding will seek to bolster the capacity of partner governments to conduct critical peacekeeping and counterterrorism operations in support of stabilization efforts in fragile states. This funding will enhance security governance and security sector reform.

114 PM Bureau Centrally Managed ($125.3 million): FY 2022 funds will be used to support the following programs:

• Global Peace Operations Initiative ($71.0 million): Funds will continue to enhance the training, deployment, and sustainment capabilities of troop and police contributors to UN and regional peace operations. These efforts promote international burden sharing by strengthening partner country capacity to train and sustain its own peacekeepers, with a particular focus on enabling countries to rapidly respond to conflict-related crises worldwide. Activities will include training on protecting civilians in areas of armed conflict and addressing sexual exploitation and abuse issues in peacekeeping. Funds will also support efforts to promote women’s participation and gender integration in peace operations.

• Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership (TSCTP) ($38.5 million): Funds will continue support for TSCTP, an interagency program designed to build the capacity and cooperation of governments across West and North Africa to counter terrorism, in particular ISIS-West Africa, al- Qa’ida in the Maghreb, and Boko Haram impacted areas across the Sahel and Lake Chad Basin countries (including potentially the littoral West African countries of Ghana, Benin, and Togo). Funds will enhance the military capacity of TSCTP partners to respond to current and emerging threats, with an emphasis on border security, aerial mobility, military intelligence, logistics, institutional capacity, civil-military operations, military information support operations, and countering improvised explosive devices. Funds will support advisory and institutional reform assistance, infrastructure improvement, and other training and equipment to ensure partners can sustain and logistically support the new CT capabilities being developed.

• Global Defense Reform Program (GDRP) ($10.0 million): Funds will continue to support improving security sector governance and institutional capacity in select partner countries on a competitive basis, to help enhance the ability of these countries to better provide for their own defense and contribute to regional and global security over the long term. Activities include advisory support, training, instructor and/or curriculum development at partner military education institutions and other related institutional reform support.

• PKO Administrative Expenses ($5.8 million): Funds will support PKO program management requirements in the Africa region both in Washington and in the field. Funds will also support program management for the PKO account as a whole, both for the State Department’s Bureau of Political Military Affairs (PM) and at the Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Program management includes supporting contract development, management of unliquidated PKO obligations, expenditures, and the overall progression of programs implemented through contracts, DoD, and grants. Funds will also support an online portal and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) requirements in the Africa region. In order to allow a more streamlined and less stove piped program management and M&E efforts, all program management and M&E efforts have been centralized within the Africa PKO programs. Program management and M&E efforts for GDRP and Global Peace Operations Initiative are still funded through those programs.

115 INTERNATIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION AND TRAINING

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate International Military 112,925 112,925 112,925 - Education and Training

The FY 2022 International Military Education and Training (IMET) request of $112.9 million serves as an effective means to strengthen military alliances and international coalitions critical to U.S. national security goals and regional stability. IMET helps expose selected participants to U.S. culture, while developing their common understanding of shared values and the benefits of U.S. partnership. This exchange in turn fosters the relationships necessary to counter dangerous international challenges such as terrorism. IMET programs improve defense capabilities through professional military education and training, including technical courses and specialized instruction conducted at U.S. military schoolhouses, or through mobile education and training teams abroad. IMET provides students from partner nations with valuable training and education on U.S. military practices and standards while exposing them to the concepts of democratic values and respect for internationally recognized standards of human rights. This request concentrates resources where they offer the most value and impact to U.S. national security priorities and focuses on maintaining bilateral programs for the highest priority requirements.

Africa ($19.6 million): IMET programs for Africa focus on professionalizing defense forces in support of efforts to respond to regional crises and terrorist threats and provide for long-term stability on the continent. IMET courses also support building partner maritime security capability and respect for the rule of law, human rights, and civilian control of the military. Priority recipients include Chad, Djibouti, Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal. New recipients include Equatorial Guinea and Sudan.

East Asia and Pacific ($13.9 million): IMET programs in East Asia and the Pacific support the Indo- Pacific Strategy by focusing on professionalization and English language training, which enables not only interoperability with U.S. forces but also their participation in regional and international peacekeeping missions. IMET courses also support building partner maritime security capability and respect for the rule of law, human rights, and civilian control of the military. Priority recipients include Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Europe and Eurasia ($26.9 million): IMET programs for Europe enhance regional security and interoperability among U.S., NATO, and European armed forces, and aid in countering Russian aggression. Importantly, these programs help to ensure that those nations that operate alongside the United States have officers that understand and appreciate the doctrine and operational tactics of the U.S. military. Priority recipients include Bulgaria, Georgia, Poland, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine.

Near East ($19.2 million): IMET programs for the Near East focus on enhancing professionalism and increasing awareness of international norms of human rights and civilian control of the military, topics critical for the development of security forces in the region. Priority recipients include Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia.

South and Central Asia ($13.8 million): IMET programs in South and Central Asia support U.S. priorities for the region, including in the Indo-Pacific, by focusing on professionalizing the defense forces of regional partners, emphasizing professional military education, respect for the rule of law, human rights, and civilian control of the military, including English language training to improve the ability of

116 partner services to work with the United States. Priority recipients include Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.

Western Hemisphere ($14.1 million): IMET programs in the Western Hemisphere focus on professionalizing defense forces, institutionalizing respect for human rights and the rule of law, and enhancing the leadership and technical ability of partner nations to protect national territory against transnational threats. Priority recipients include Colombia, Mexico, Panama and countries in the Northern Triangle.

IMET Administrative Expenses ($5.5 million): This request supports operation costs and curriculum development in the Expanded-IMET schoolhouses.

117 FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Foreign Military 6,156,924 6,175,524 6,175,524 - Financing Enduring 5,645,015 5,598,615 6,175,524 576,909 Overseas Contingency 511,909 576,909 - -576,909 Operations

The FY 2022 request of $6,175.5 million for Foreign Military Financing (FMF) promotes U.S. national security by strengthening military support for key U.S. allies and partner governments so that they can contribute to regional and global stability and counter transnational threats, including terrorism and trafficking in narcotics, weapons, and persons. For FY 2022, the request seeks funding for a combination of grant assistance and loans, including both direct loans and loan guarantees. Funding for key strategic partners will continue to be offered on a grant basis in FY 2022. Loan authority will expand the tools available to the United States to help NATO and Major-Non-NATO allies purchase more American-made defense equipment and related services; this could also increase burden-sharing by asking these partners to contribute more national funds to foreign military sales cases. FMF assistance helps facilitate strong military-to-military cooperation; promotes U.S. trade and economic interests; enables greater interoperability of friends and allies with U.S. military forces; and increases participation in coalition operations. Grant and loan assistance will continue to be developed and planned in close coordination with the Department of Defense (DoD), including enhancing efficiencies and ensuring complementarity with DoD’s authorities for building the capacity of foreign security forces.

Djibouti ($6.0 million): Funds will help bolster the bilateral relationship with Djibouti and counter malign influences in the region – a top U.S. national security priority. Funds will focus on professionalization of the military, including through professional military education, technical training, English-language development, as well as provision, refurbishment and/or sustainment of equipment to enhance maritime security, border security, counterterrorism capabilities, and support for the Rapid Intervention Battalion. Funds may also support building logistics, communications, engineering, and medical capabilities.

East Asia and Pacific ($129.0 million): Funds will support projects that advance a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific, through equipment and training that promotes the professionalization of armed forces, including Coast Guards. FMF will help Indo-Pacific partners to monitor their maritime domain, deter aggression, defend the freedom of navigation and overflight access, combat transnational crime, and ensure the sustainable use of ocean resources. Funds will help expand the ability to patrol and prevent illicit activities in the countries’ extensive maritime domain, including by providing sensors, communications, and network equipment; training programs to enhance monitoring, detection, and interdiction capabilities; as well as promote institutional and security sector reform. Programs will also increase capacity to respond to natural disasters and provide humanitarian assistance for disaster response activities. Programs will also bolster countries’ land border security capacity. Priority recipients include Indonesia, Mongolia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, with additional EAP Regional FMF available to target support for select capabilities where there is the greatest need and where it will be most effective.

Europe and Eurasia ($299.0 million): The strategic security priorities in Europe and Eurasia are to counter Russian influence and aggression by bolstering allies’ and partners’ capability to exercise

118 sovereignty and provide for their own defense through improved interoperability with NATO and other Western forces, the creation of force multipliers in the region, and the implementation of sustainable defense reforms. Funds will support the provision of equipment and training, including tactical equipment for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; command and control; and target acquisition capabilities. Priority recipients include the frontline countries of Ukraine, Georgia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, with additional EUR Regional FMF available to target priority capabilities and needs throughout the region. A portion of FMF regional funds will be used to expand the European Recapitalization Incentive Program (ERIP), which emphasizes burden sharing by incentivizing U.S. grant military assistance for countries that commit national funds to modernize their militaries and divest Russian equipment. The Department will work with DoD on potential countries and proposals as funding priorities allow.

Near East ($5,459.0 million): The strategic security priorities in the Near East region are to counter Iran’s malign influence; ensure the enduring defeat of ISIS, al-Qa’ida, and other terrorist groups; and to develop and strengthen bilateral and multilateral security partnerships. Building and enhancing lasting security partnerships, such as those with Israel, Egypt, and Jordan, is critical to promoting regional stability, collectively deterring aggression, and reducing threats to U.S. and partner interests in the region. FMF will support training, advising, and materiel support that will assist the Iraqi Security Forces in countering Iranian influence. The United States also prioritizes FMF for Tunisia, which is on the front lines of the fight against ISIS and other terrorist groups and instability emanating from Libya. Tunisia is also a key partner for AFRICOM on the continent. FMF will also seek to counter malign Iranian influence through support to the Lebanese Armed Forces. FMF will support the procurement of U.S. defense articles, services, training, and sustainment to modernize and enhance partners’ interoperability with the United States to participate in coalition operations and support efforts to counter malign threats; to strengthen border controls to counter the smuggling of weapons and people, including foreign terrorist fighters; and to ensure aging equipment remains combat-capable. Resources for Jordan will support the acquisition of upgraded fighter aircraft.

South and Central Asia ($50.0 million): Regional funds will support projects that advance a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific, including FMF to enhance maritime security and domain awareness and strengthen humanitarian assistance and disaster response, as well as related training. Funds may also strengthen partner capabilities to combat transnational threats, such as terrorism and illicit trafficking; and promote professionalization of partner security forces, to include security sector reform.

Western Hemisphere ($95.0 million): FMF will support partner efforts to secure and protect sovereign territory; counter transnational organized crime and maritime threats; adopt internationally accepted norms in human rights; enhance interoperability with the United States; assist in security sector reform; and engage in the region and beyond to advance stability and security. Through the provision of equipment, training, and services, FMF will help these countries control their national territory and borders; identify, track, and address transnational threats, such as illicit narcotics trafficking, which threatens the security of our partners and drives irregular migration; and support defense modernization that enables strategic partnering with the United Forces. The priority recipients include Colombia, the countries of Central America, and Ecuador. In Central America, FMF will support the Administration’s Root Causes Strategy by addressing gaps in maritime interdiction and domain awareness capabilities to improve security. In Ecuador, the Department is restarting an FMF-funded program that will build capacity to monitor and interdict illicit trafficking on its borders and littoral waters.

FMF Administrative Expenses ($70.0 million): The request supports the operating costs required to administer military sales, grant, and loan programs and other activities of security assistance offices overseas, as well as the State Department Bureau of Political and Military Affairs’ monitoring and evaluation activities for FMF and International Military Education and Training programs.

119 Countering People's Republic of China (PRC) Malign influence Fund (CPMIF) ($50.0 million): The Countering People's Republic of China (PRC) Malign Influence Fund (CPMIF) will support activities to conduct research, outreach, and capacity building designed to prevent exploitation of technology, expertise, and critical infrastructure by the People's Republic of China (PRC). FMF-funded activities may include direct grant support for the procurement of US-origin equipment and services, training support, and the use of FMF as seed money to incentivize partners to commit national funds to modernizing their militaries and divesting from PRC-provided equipment. These funds will deter PRC aggression and malign influence, and thereby promote a stable and open international system by ensuring coalition partners and allied governments are equipped and trained to work towards common security goals and share the burden in joint missions.

Prevention and Stabilization Fund (PSF) ($17.5 million): This funding will directly support the implementation of the strategy under the 2019 Global Fragility Act (GFA) adopting a multi-pronged, multi-sectoral approach to strengthen the resilience of partner nations and civil society to address fragility challenges in countries at risk of or experiencing instability and conflict. FMF will provide grant assistance for eligible partners to purchase U.S.-origin equipment and training, promoting interoperability and standardization. PSF FMF will promote U.S. interests and combat threats by ensuring partners are equipped and trained to work together in meeting common security goals.

FMF Loan Authority: FMF loan authority is an important tool, complementary to FMF grant assistance, which will enable the United States to work with creditworthy NATO and Major Non-NATO allies to access additional capital to support the purchase of major U.S. defense articles. The request seeks $4.0 billion in global FMF loan and $4.0 billion in loan guarantee authority to maximize the Administration’s ability to respond to new and emerging requirements. The request also seeks interest rate flexibility for FMF direct loans to enable the U.S. to provide more competitive financing terms relative to foreign competitors, and authority for FMF loan guarantees to institutionalize burden-sharing by incentivizing the private sector to provide financing for defense sales by providing a partial guarantee backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. While the full range of partners that may be interested in FMF loans in FY 2022 is not yet know, global FMF loan authority for NATO and major Non-NATO allies would allow the Administration to provide financing to support countries pursuing the divesture of Russian legacy equipment and other strategic security priorities.

120 SPECIAL DEFENSE ACQUISITION FUND

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Total - - - - Special Defense 900,000 900,000 900,000 - Acquisition Fund Offsetting -900,000 -900,000 -900,000 - Collections Net Cost for Special Defense Acquisition Fund

The Special Defense Acquisition Fund (SDAF) helps to expedite the procurement of defense articles for provision to foreign nations and international organizations. The FY 2022 request reflects $900 million in new SDAF obligation authority, to be funded by offsetting collections. In FY 2022, offsetting collections will be derived from SDAF sales of stock as well as other receipts consistent with section 51(b) of the Arms Export Control Act. The FY 2022 request will support advance purchases of high-demand equipment that has long procurement lead times, which is often the main limiting factor in our ability to provide coalition partners with critical equipment to make them operationally effective in a timely manner. Improving the mechanism for supporting U.S. partners is a high priority for both the Departments of State and Defense.

121 MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE AND DEBT RELIEF

Change FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 from ($ in Thousands) Actual3 Estimate1 Request FY 2021 Estimate Multilateral Assistance 2,049,780 2,040,819 4,355,134 2,314,315

International Bank for Reconstruction and 206,500 206,500 206,500 0 Development

International Development Association 1,097,010 1,001,400 1,427,974 426,574

African Development Bank - 54,649 54,649 0 African Development Fund 171,300 171,300 211,300 40,000 Asian Development Fund 47,395 47,395 53,323 5,928 International Monetary Fund Facilities and - - 102,000 102,000 Trust Funds Green Climate Fund2 - - 1,250,000 1,250,000 Clean Technology Fund - - 300,000 300,000 Global Environment Facility 139,575 139,575 149,288 9,713 Multilateral Climate Change Adaptation - - 100,000 100,000 Funds International Fund for Agricultural 30,000 32,500 43,000 10,500 Development

International Organizations and Programs 358,000 387,500 457,100 69,600

Debt Restructuring and Relief4 15,000 204,000 67,000 -137,000 1. The FY 2021 Estimate represents funding levels appropriated by Congress. 2. One half of this request is for the Department of the Treasury and one half is for the Department of State. 3. The FY 2020 International Organizations & Programs (IO&P) account level reflects the transfer of $32.5 million from the IO&P account to the Global Health Programs-USAID (GHP-USAID) account. 4. In FY 2021, Congress also appropriated $120 million to Treasury's debt restructuring account for clearing Sudan's arrears with the IMF on an emergency basis.

The President’s FY 2022 Budget requests $4,355.1 million for multilateral assistance programs, including for international financial institutions, and $67.0 million for bilateral debt relief and restructuring. These requests are critical components of the Biden-Harris Administration’s approach for restoring American global standing and leadership and for confronting 21st century security challenges. These proposed investments respond to three compounding global crises of unprecedented scope and scale at the same time: the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting global economic crisis that has eroded years of progress in reducing poverty in developing countries, and the climate crisis, which is the greatest long-term threat that the world faces and puts the wellbeing of the American people at significant risk. They will also

122 advance the efforts to reduce global poverty and inequality and support greater equity and inclusion of historically underserved communities.

These investments further American economic, foreign policy, and security interests in building a more secure, prosperous, inclusive, environmentally sustainable, and democratic world. The institutions and programs supported by this request are among the most effective instruments through which the United States can advance its leadership on issues relating to international financial stability; economic development; global poverty and equity; fighting climate change, improving food security, and investing in infrastructure. The request draws on the catalytic power of working with our partners to address the world’s most pressing economic challenges and will go a long way towards restoring U.S. leadership in the multilateral system.

Multilateral Development Banks ($1,953.7 million)

The MDBs play key roles in the effort to reduce poverty, combat climate change, increase economic growth, and foster greater economic and social inclusion, which advances U.S. foreign policy objectives of sustaining peace and stability, promoting security, and protecting the global environment. The MDBs have played a leading role in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic and, over the past year, have provided more than $85 billion to address the health and economic impacts of the pandemic. They are among the most effective institutions in financing efforts to helping developing countries reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases and adapt to the impacts of climate change. The Administration seeks $476.3 million to begin paying down the substantial and growing balance ($2,704.0 million as of April 2021) of U.S. unmet commitments at the MDBs, some of which date to the late 1990s.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): $206.5 million towards the third of up to six installments to subscribe to the U.S. share of the paid-in portion of the IBRD general and selective capital increases. The FY 2022 Budget also requests a program limitation to allow the United States to subscribe to $1,421.3 million in callable capital.

International Development Association (IDA): $1,428 million for IDA programs over the nineteenth replenishment (IDA-19; World Bank FY 2021 – FY 20221), including towards the second of three installments to IDA-19 and $426.6 million to clear U.S. unmet commitments to IDA.

African Development Bank (AfDB): $54.6 million for the second of eight installments to subscribe to the U.S. share of the paid-in portion of the seventh general capital increase. The FY 2022 Budget also requests a program limitation to allow the United States to subscribe to $856.2 million in callable capital.

African Development Fund (AfDF): $211.3 million for AfDF programs over the fifteenth replenishment period (AfDF-15; AfDB FY 2020 – FY 2022), including towards the second of three installments to AfDF-15 and $40.0 million for unmet commitments to the AfDF.

Asian Development Fund (AsDF): $53.3 million for AsDF programs over the twelfth replenishment (AsDF-13; FY 2022 – FY 2025), including towards the first of four installments to AsDF-13 and $9.7 million for unmet commitments to the AsDF. The Administration also requests authorization to contribute to the AfDF-13 replenishment.

1 IDA donors and management decided to advance the IDA-20th replenishment period by one year. Consequently, the IDA-19 replenishment period has been shorted by one year. The IDA-19 pay-in period will remain FY2021 – FY2023.

123 International Monetary Fund (IMF) ($102.0 million)

Contributions to IMF Facilities and Trust Funds: The FY 2022 Budget requests $102.0 million to enable the United States to make a meaningful contribution to the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT), the IMF’s concessional lending facility for low-income countries, or another IMF facility. Of this, as much as $100.0 million would be for a grant to the PRGT and $2.0 million or more would be used to cover the subsidy cost of a loan of special drawing rights (SDRs) to the PRGT or another fund from Treasury’s Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF). The specific division of the funding between grants to, and/or covering the subsidy cost of loans to, the PRGT, or another IMF facility, is yet to be determined. The Administration also requests authorization to loan up to 15 billion SDRs to the PRGT, or another IMF facility, from Treasury’s ESF.

Climate Change and Environment ($1,799.3 million)

As part of the Administration’s historic request of $2.5 billion for international climate change programs, the FY 2022 budget requests $1,700.0 million for multilateral climate change and environmental funds and programs. These programs will accelerate progress toward the targets of the Paris Climate Agreement by assisting developing countries in expanding clean energy production, reducing emissions from land use and land use change, and adapting to climate disruptions.

Green Climate Fund (GCF): $1,250.0 million, of which $625.0 million is for the Department of the Treasury and $625.0 million is for the Department of State.

Clean Technology Fund (CTF): $300.0 million for a contribution to the CTF, of which up to $270.0 million may be used for the subsidy cost of a loan.

Global Environment Facility (GEF): $149.3 million, including towards a final installment to the GEF seventh replenishment (GEF-7; FY 2019 – FY 2022) and for $12.7 million for unmet commitments. In addition to supporting developing countries’ climate mitigation efforts, the GEF supports the achievement of other environmental goals, including biodiversity conservation, reduction of pollution from harmful chemicals and substances, and protecting international waters. Because the GEF supports multiple environmental goals, only a portion of GEF funding is included in climate finance totals.

Multilateral Climate Change Adaptation Funds: The Budget also includes $100 million for the Department of State to make contributions to multilateral climate adaptation funds. The State Department will determine the funds to which it will contribute based on a comparative assessment of overall effectiveness in achieving U.S. priorities.

Food Security ($43.0 million)

International Fund for Agricultural Development: The FY 2022 Budget requests $43.0 million, including for the first of three installments towards the International Fund for Agricultural Development’s twelfth replenishment (IFAD-12).

International Organizations and Programs ($457.1 million)

The FY 2022 request of $457.1 million for the International Organizations and Programs (IO&P) account will advance U.S. strategic goals across a broad spectrum of critical areas by supporting and enhancing

124 international coordination as well as leveraging resources from other countries. From this account, the United States provides voluntary contributions to international organizations to accomplish transnational goals where solutions to problems can best be addressed globally, such as protecting the ozone layer or safeguarding international air traffic. In other areas, such as development programs, the United States can multiply the influence and effectiveness of its own assistance through support for international programs that are attracting and leveraging resources from other donors to advance U.S. strategic goals.

Highlights: • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) ($139 million): UNICEF acts as a global champion for children and strives to ensure the survival and well-being of children throughout the world. $134 million will support the core budget of UNICEF, which directly provides goods and services, and contributes to the development of local institutional capacity to help the world’s most disadvantaged and marginalized children and their families.

• United Nations Development Program (UNDP) ($81.55 million): UNDP is the primary development agency of the UN, working in over 130 countries. UNDP’s work in promoting stability and peaceful political and economic transitions in countries facing challenges and crises helps to advance U.S. development priorities and national interests by strengthening America’s foreign policy impact on global strategic challenges.

• United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) ($56 million): UNFPA advances the U.S. government’s strategic foreign policy goals to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and their families, prevent HIV/AIDS, address gender-based violence, and provide voluntary family planning assistance worldwide. UNFPA program activities will focus on the following core areas with special emphasis given to poor and vulnerable populations; gender equality and women’s empowerment, including gender-based violence and discrimination; maternal and reproductive health including HIV prevention; adolescent and youth services, including comprehensive sexuality education; and employing data on population dynamics to help governments base policies on demographic evidence.

• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / UN Framework Convention on Climate Change ($21 million): U.S. leadership in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), Global Climate Observing System, and the Intergovernmental Group on Earth Observations is a critical component of the global response to climate change. U.S. support will advance assessment of climate change science and technology, ensure cooperation among countries on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and climate observations, and promote timely and open access to earth-observing data. The request includes $8 million in payments to the UNFCC that were missed over the past four years.

• Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund ($64 million): The request doubles U.S. funding for the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol (MLF). The MLF provides technical and financial assistance to help developing countries meet their obligations to phase out ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and phase down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases. The MLF is managed by an Executive Committee, a policy body where the United States and Japan, as key donors, hold the only two permanent seats. The MLF has played a critical role in achieving global participation and compliance as a structure for sharing the burden of the ODS phase-out.

Debt Relief and Restructuring ($67.0 million)

The FY 2022 Budget requests funding for two bilateral debt relief and restructuring programs.

125

G20 Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) and Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the DSSI (Common Framework): The FY 2022 Budget requests $52.0 million to provide temporary debt service suspension to DSSI-eligible countries who request it on affordable terms, and to participate in Common Framework debt treatments for low-income countries. All G20 members, including China, have committed to provide debt treatments on comparable terms under these initiatives.

Tropical Forest Conservation and Coral Reef Act (TFCCA): $15.0 million to enable developing countries with certain concessional debt owed to the United States to redirect some of those payments to support conservation of their tropical forests and/or coral reefs. Conservation of tropical forests and coral reefs is critical to mitigating the impact of climate change, supporting climate change adaptation, providing clean water, and sustaining job creation in developing countries.

126 EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES

Change from FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 ($ in Thousands) FY 2021 Actual Estimate Request Estimate Export-Import Bank of the United 34,518 -71,900 -221,500 -149,600 States Cancellation -64,282 0 0 0 Export-Import Bank of the United -16,900 -188,400 -352,000 -163,600 States - Offsetting Collections Export-Import Bank of the United 115,700 116,500 130,500 14,000 States - Operations

The FY 2022 Budget estimates that the Export-Import Bank of the United States (EXIM) export credit support will total $9.6 billion in lending activity and will be fully funded by receipts collected from the EXIM’s users (except for the Office of Inspector General (OIG), which is funded by an appropriation). EXIM’s receipts are expected to total $352.0 million, including funds set aside to cover the cost of the agency’s credit programs in FY 2022. These funds, treated as offsetting collections, will be used to pay $114.0 million for administrative expenses and $10.0 million in program budget. The FY 2022 request for EXIM also includes $6.5 million for the expenses of the OIG. EXIM forecasts sending $228.0 million (i.e. negative subsidy) to the U.S. Treasury as receipts in excess of expenses.

EXIM is an independent executive agency and a wholly-owned U.S. government corporation. As the official export credit agency of the United States, EXIM supports U.S. exports by providing export financing through loan, guarantee, and insurance programs where the private sector is unable or unwilling to provide financing. By facilitating the financing of U.S. exports, EXIM helps U.S. companies support and maintain U.S. jobs. EXIM, one of over 110 export credit agencies around the globe, actively helps level the playing field for businesses of all sizes in the competitive global marketplace.

EXIM’s FY2022 Budget is estimated to support 59,000 U.S. jobs, supporting the Biden Administration’s priorities to advance the economic recovery. In addition, the request will support President’s Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad by providing EXIM with the resources needed to increase its charter mandated support for U.S. exports that are environmentally beneficial and related to renewable-energy production, energy efficiency and energy storage.

127 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate U.S. Trade and Development 79,500 79,500 79,500 - Agency

The FY 2022 request for the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) of $79.5 million will strengthen the Agency’s ability to help companies create U.S. jobs through the export of U.S. goods and services for priority infrastructure projects in emerging economies. The USTDA links U.S. businesses to export opportunities by funding project preparation activities – feasibility studies, technical assistance, and pilot projects – and partnership-building activities, such as reverse trade missions, that create sustainable and climate-smart infrastructure and foster economic growth in partner countries. In carrying out its mission, the USTDA prioritizes activities where there is a high likelihood for the export of U.S. goods and services that can match the development needs of the Agency’s overseas partners.

Over the past three decades, the USTDA has utilized its specialized experience and unique toolkit to generate quantifiable results and programs with a proven record of success. In FY 2020, on average, the USTDA’s activities generated $112 in U.S. exports for every taxpayer dollar programmed. To maximize its return on appropriated funds, the USTDA will continue to prioritize support for clean energy, transportation, information and communications technology, agribusiness, and healthcare infrastructure projects in developing and middle-income countries around the world.

The FY 2022 budget request is equal to the FY 2021 enacted level. USTDA’s appropriated funds will enable the USTDA to support Administration priorities and help level the playing field for U.S. companies in the Indo-Pacific; Latin America and the Caribbean; Middle East, North Africa, Europe and Eurasia; and sub-Saharan Africa regions by:

• Providing critical project preparation assistance under the USTDA’s Global Partnership for Climate- Smart Infrastructure. Launched by the Administration during the Leaders Summit on Climate, this initiative will connect U.S. industry to major clean energy and transportation infrastructure projects in emerging markets.

• Positioning U.S. industry to win against competing foreign infrastructure development efforts like China’s Belt and Road Initiative. USTDA engages at the most critical and strategically important stage of the project development cycle when design choices and technology options are being defined and determined. The Agency leverages U.S. private sector expertise to define how projects will be designed, financed, and implemented, which is critical for creating a level playing field; and

• Promoting value-based procurement methods to improve development outcomes and increase international competition.

128 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate U.S. International Development Finance -119,144 120,182 128,389 8,207 Corporation Subtotal, 301,000 571,000 600,800 29,800 Admin/IG/ Program Administrative 119,000 119,000 148,000 29,000 Expenses Inspector General 2,000 2,000 2,800 800 Program 180,000 450,000 450,000 - Of which, Credit Subsidy/ Technical 30,000 * * N/A Assistance / Feasibility Studies Of which Equity 150,000 * * N/A Offsetting -420,144 -450,818 -472,411 -21,593 Collections Other [50,000] [50,000] [50,000] [-]

Complementary Programming and/or Transfers from [50,000] [50,000] [-50,000] [-] State/USAID Economic Support and Development Funds

*Starting in FY 2021, Funding for credit subsidy, equity and technical assistance is combined into one line.

The United States International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) is the official development finance institution (DFI) of the United States. DFC is an independent Executive Branch agency that partners with the private sector to finance solutions to the most critical challenges facing the developing world today. DFC’s private sector tools provide a critical bridge between federal resources and dynamic private sector driven development.

DFC requests a Fiscal Year 2022 budget of $450 million in program funds and $148.0 million for administrative expenses and project-specific transaction costs. The $450 million in program funds will be flexibly allocated across credit subsidy, equity, technical assistance, and grants or other special projects and programs. This level of resources reflects the scale and complexity of the issues facing the developing world, including climate change, and responding to and recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. DFC will engage and mobilize the private sector to meet these challenges as part of a whole-of-government approach. DFC lays a foundation for sustainable economic growth grounded in American values:

129 transparency, respect for the environment, economic inclusivity, and good governance. As global development and investment become increasingly competitive and other nations invest aggressively, DFC is key to ensuring that our model – underpinned by support for private sector investment that advances development – wins out. From microfinance, to secure telecommunications, to infrastructure, DFC’s programs ensure that private sector investment meets its full potential for creating opportunity and growth in the developing world.

Program Priorities

The FY 2022 budget request will enable DFC to grow its portfolio by addressing the significant unmet financing needs in key sectors and regions that align with United States development and foreign policy objectives. DFC’s budget request will allow the agency to continue working in coordination with the Department of State (State), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), and others to advance the following core DFC and Administration priorities:

• Climate: DFC will use its investment tools to support projects that help mitigate climate change- causing greenhouse gas emissions and those that boost adaptation and resilience in the most vulnerable global communities.

• Health: DFC will support the international response to COVID-19, build more resilient healthcare supply chains, and expand access to healthcare professionals, facilities, and lifesaving treatments. DFC will work to expand access to clean drinking water and improved sanitation in schools and healthcare facilities. It will also seek to strengthen global agricultural value chains by investing in projects that help farmers increase yields, reduce food waste, and expand exports.

• Gender Equity: DFC, through its 2X Initiative, will invest in women and girls globally to address their unique needs and unlock opportunities through financial services, support for small businesses, and projects run by and directly targeted especially to women.

• Information and Communications Technology: DFC will support information and communications technology projects that have the potential to drive additional opportunity and growth in developing markets where increased connectivity can help spur transformative opportunities.

• Inclusive Growth: DFC will prioritize projects with high developmental impact in low-income and lower middle-income countries with a focus on accelerating economic growth in indigenous and underserved communities to reduce extreme poverty and income inequality.

• Regional Focus Areas: DFC will seek to grow its portfolio of catalytic investments especially in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Northern Triangle to drive broad-based, values-driven, private sector- led growth that expands economic opportunity and advances U.S. development objectives.

Administrative Budget

The budget request of $148 million for administrative expenses and project-specific transaction costs is critical to implementing innovative and effective programs and partnerships, to fostering an effective and efficient DFC organization, and to maintaining a fiscally responsible agency both now and for the future. This request is a 24% increase over the FY 2020 request of $119.0 and will primarily support increased staffing and other support costs needed to advance the President’s Climate Change agenda.

130 DFC seeks to maintain and expand partnerships with USAID, State, MCC, and other federal agencies to foster a whole-of-government approach to development. There are also critical efforts at DFC to strengthen partnerships with other DFIs, international finance institutions (IFIs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and think tanks to maximize cooperation and development impact.

DFC is committed to all efforts to foster an effective, efficient, and inclusive organization. DFC seeks to empower staff to create a productive and positive work environment, and the organization is committed to attracting and retaining the skilled personnel it needs to achieve its development and foreign policy objectives. DFC will direct administrative resources toward expanding stakeholder engagement and increasing the number of women and minority-owned U.S. businesses that receive DFC project support and financing. Administrative resources will enable the agency to strengthen management and oversight structures for complex transactions, ensuring that DFC can identify risks, make prudent decisions, monitor results, and maximize the policy and financial value of DFC’s portfolio.

At the same time that DFC is managing its internal operations, DFC is focused on expanding its client base and identifying new private sector partners. By ramping up business development efforts and providing effective customer service to project sponsors, DFC will be a leader on the global development stage. DFC is committed to taking on the most critical challenges facing the developing world today, and the scale of DFC’s resources must match the challenges it seeks to address. This budget request is our blueprint for the resources that are realistically required for DFC to make the impact that the Administration and Congress envisioned with the passage of the BUILD Act.

Inspector General

The Budget also requests $2.8 million for a dedicated Inspector General to provide robust inspection, oversight, and evaluation.

131 INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate International Trade 99,400 103,000 103,000 - Commission

The U.S International Trade Commission (Commission) is an independent, nonpartisan Federal agency with broad investigative responsibilities on matters of trade. In accordance with its statutory mandate, the Commission investigates and makes determinations in proceedings involving imports claimed to injure a domestic industry or violate U.S. intellectual property rights; provides independent analysis and information on tariffs, trade, and competitiveness; and maintains the U.S. tariff schedule. For FY 2022, the President’s Budget requests an appropriation of $103.0 million to support the Commission’s operations. Pursuant to section 175 of the Trade Act of 1974, the budget estimates for the Commission are transmitted to Congress without revision by the President.

132 FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Change from FY ($ in Thousands) Actual Estimate Request 2021 Estimate Foreign Claims Settlement 2,335 2,366 2,434 68 Commission

The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (FCSC) is a quasi-judicial, independent agency within the Department of Justice. Its primary mission is to adjudicate claims of U.S. nationals against foreign governments, under specific jurisdiction conferred by Congress, pursuant to international claims settlement agreements, or at the request of the Secretary of State.

The FY 2022 request for FCSC provides $2.4 million to continue evaluating claims of U.S. nationals against foreign governments under claims settlement agreements, claims under the Guam World War II Loyalty Recognition Act, Title XVII, Pub. L. No. 114-328, 130 Stat. 2000, 2641-2647 (2016), as well as maintaining the decisions and records of past claims programs, and continue building and modernizing both current and past claims programs records by creating and updating the relevant databases.

133 Account Tables

134 Global Health Programs - USAID (GHP-USAID) ($ in thousands)

FY 2020 COVID 1 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual 2 Supplementals Estimate Request

GHP-USAID Total 3,194,950 435,000 7,265,950 3,870,950

GHP-USAID Funding 3,194,950 435,000 3,265,950 3,870,950 Africa 1,819,740 - * 1,844,440 Angola 22,000 - * 22,000 Benin 28,000 - * 28,500 Burkina Faso 43,000 - * 47,500 Burundi 18,000 - * 17,500 Cameroon 23,500 - * 22,500 Central African Republic 2,000 - * 2,000 Cote d'Ivoire 37,500 - * 40,500 Democratic Republic of the Congo 136,000 - * 130,500 Ethiopia 132,650 - * 134,000 Ghana 59,640 - * 57,640 Guinea 26,500 - * 29,000 Kenya 115,000 - * 115,500 Liberia 30,000 - * 30,000 Madagascar 63,000 - * 63,000 Malawi 64,000 - * 65,000 Mali 68,500 - * 69,500 Mozambique 85,750 - * 84,500 Niger 35,000 - * 39,000 Nigeria 212,000 - * 202,000 Rwanda 41,500 - * 44,500 Senegal 56,500 - * 60,500 Sierra Leone 22,000 - * 28,000 Somalia - - * 3,600 South Africa 64,500 - * 65,000 South Sudan 19,000 - * 22,000 Sudan 2,000 - * 9,000 Tanzania 127,500 - * 128,000 Uganda 132,500 - * 129,000 Zambia 79,500 - * 83,375 Zimbabwe 26,000 - * 29,000 USAID Africa Regional 13,200 - * 14,700 USAID East Africa Regional 3,500 - * 1,500 USAID Sahel Regional Program 16,000 - * 13,500 USAID West Africa Regional 14,000 - * 12,625 East Asia and Pacific 128,108 - * 134,505 Burma 25,823 - * 29,000 Cambodia 24,505 - * 24,505 Indonesia 32,000 - * 31,500 Laos 7,280 - * 7,500 Philippines 27,500 - * 30,000 Timor-Leste 2,000 - * 2,000

135 Global Health Programs - USAID (GHP-USAID) ($ in thousands)

FY 2020 COVID 1 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual 2 Supplementals Estimate Request

Vietnam 6,000 - * 7,000 USAID Regional Development Mission-Asia (RDM/A) 3,000 - * 3,000 Europe and Eurasia 8,784 - * 9,700 Ukraine 7,584 - * 8,500 Europe and Eurasia Regional 1,200 - * 1,200 Near East - - * 10,000 Yemen - - * 10,000 South and Central Asia 180,078 - * 194,810 Afghanistan 5,000 - * 8,000 Bangladesh 68,623 - * 69,000 India 38,484 - * 34,500 Kyrgyz Republic 6,000 - * 6,000 Nepal 39,971 - * 40,310 Pakistan 3,000 - * 18,000 Tajikistan 10,500 - * 10,500 Uzbekistan 6,000 - * 6,000 Central Asia Regional 2,500 - * 2,500 Western Hemisphere 53,300 - * 58,500 Colombia 3,000 - * 5,000 Guatemala 13,000 - * 13,000 Haiti 24,500 - * 24,500 Venezuela 5,000 - * 5,000 USAID Latin America and Caribbean Regional 7,800 - * 11,000 USAID Asia Regional 5,250 - * 9,000 DDI - Bureau for Democracy, Development and Innovation 21,000 - * 21,000 GH - Global Health 321,403 235,000 * 308,966 GH - International Partnerships 657,287 200,000 * 1,280,029 GH/IP - Blind Children 4,000 - * 4,000 GH/IP - Commodity Fund 20,335 - * 20,335 GH/IP - Emergency Reserve Fund - 200,000 * - GH/IP - GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance 290,000 - * 290,000 GH/IP - Global Health Security in Development 100,000 - * 745,000 GH/IP - International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) 28,710 - * 28,710 GH/IP - Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) 2,500 - * 2,500 GH/IP - MDR Financing 31,970 - * 26,984 GH/IP - Microbicides 45,000 - * 45,000 GH/IP - Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) 102,500 - * 102,500 GH/IP - New Partners Fund 3,529 - * - GH/IP - New Partnership Initiative (NPI) 13,743 - * - GH/IP - TB Drug Facility 15,000 - * 15,000

3 FY 2021 Title IX Emergency Funding - - 4,000,000 - GH - International Partnerships - - 4,000,000 - GH/IP - GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance - - 4,000,000 -

1/ The FY 2020 Global Health Programs-USAID (GHP-USAID) and International Organizations & Programs (IO&P) account levels reflect the transfer of $32.5 million from the IO&P account to the GHP-USAID account. 2/ COVID Supplementals: P.L. 116-123 and P.L. 116-136. 3/ FY 2021 Title IX Emergency Funding, P.L. 116-260.

136 Global Health Programs - State (GHP-State) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

GHP-STATE Total 5,930,000 5,930,000 6,180,000 Africa 3,527,186 * 3,615,100 Angola 14,860 * 10,000 Botswana 61,112 * 50,000 Burkina Faso 2,654 * - Burundi 23,515 * 23,000 Cameroon 37,888 * 75,000 Cote d'Ivoire 103,398 * 85,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo 82,141 * 94,100 Eswatini 75,171 * 62,500 Ethiopia 94,673 * 85,000 Ghana 4,753 * - Kenya 294,945 * 285,000 Lesotho 78,558 * 60,000 Liberia 7,691 * - Malawi 175,652 * 160,000 Mali 9,010 * - Mozambique 373,634 * 390,000 Namibia 76,975 * 70,000 Nigeria 181,244 * 330,000 Rwanda 77,666 * 55,000 Senegal 6,788 * - Sierra Leone 5,000 * - South Africa 414,383 * 365,000 South Sudan 23,505 * 39,800 Tanzania 389,124 * 412,400 Togo 2,760 * - Uganda 337,907 * 352,700 Zambia 347,443 * 372,600 Zimbabwe 223,793 * 170,000 State Africa Regional 943 * - USAID West Africa Regional - * 68,000 East Asia and Pacific 75,757 * 113,000 Burma 10,627 * - Cambodia 5,899 * - Indonesia 4,717 * - Laos 1,940 * - Papua New Guinea 2,924 * - Philippines 5,305 * - Thailand 10,106 * -

137 Global Health Programs - State (GHP-State) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

Vietnam 31,239 * 30,000 State East Asia and Pacific Regional 3,000 * 83,000 Europe and Eurasia 27,416 * 40,000 Ukraine 27,416 * 40,000 South and Central Asia 30,162 * 15,000 India 12,688 * - Kazakhstan 2,331 * - Kyrgyz Republic 3,609 * - Nepal 8,394 * - Tajikistan 3,140 * - State South and Central Asia Regional - * 15,000 Western Hemisphere 157,721 * 190,000 Barbados and Eastern Caribbean 260 * - Brazil 4,293 * - Colombia 1,547 * - Dominican Republic 21,161 * 20,000 El Salvador 6,165 * - Guatemala 16,450 * - Haiti 78,765 * 100,000 Honduras 7,565 * - Jamaica 6,723 * - Nicaragua 1,323 * - Panama 7,097 * - Peru 1,153 * - Trinidad and Tobago 1,767 * - Venezuela 3,452 * - State Central America Regional - * 43,600 State Western Hemisphere Regional - * 26,400 S/GAC - Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator 2,111,758 * 2,206,900 S/GAC, Additional Funding for Country Programs 404,029 * - S/GAC, International Partnerships 1,605,000 * 1,855,000 S/GAC, Oversight/Management 53,017 * 301,900 S/GAC, Technical Support//Strategic Information/Evaluation 49,712 * 50,000

138 Development Assistance (DA) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

DA Total 3,400,000 3,500,000 4,075,097 Africa 1,364,819 * 1,419,682 Burkina Faso 6,000 * 6,000 Burundi 3,000 * 3,000 Cameroon 4,000 * 4,000 Central African Republic 3,000 * 3,000 Chad 3,000 * 3,000 Cote d'Ivoire 6,000 * 6,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo 80,000 * 80,000 Djibouti 9,000 * 9,000 Ethiopia 107,050 * 84,000 Gambia, The 2,000 * 2,000 Ghana 52,203 * 64,100 Guinea 3,000 * 3,000 Kenya 86,000 * 92,800 Liberia 60,550 * 64,815 Madagascar 19,500 * 19,500 Malawi 60,000 * 60,000 Mali 65,000 * 53,000 Mauritania - * 1,000 Mozambique 63,000 * 63,000 Niger 25,000 * 31,000 Nigeria 51,000 * 58,200 Rwanda 40,000 * 40,000 Senegal 63,000 * 63,000 Sierra Leone 2,000 * 2,000 Somalia 45,000 * 45,000 South Africa 3,000 * 3,000 South Sudan 55,000 * 56,000 Sudan 6,299 * 15,500 Tanzania 29,500 * 30,500 Uganda 57,257 * 57,257 Zambia 28,741 * 28,741 Zimbabwe 18,000 * 18,000 USAID Africa Regional 128,135 * 169,685 USAID Central Africa Regional 59,000 * 59,000 USAID East Africa Regional 27,133 * 27,133 USAID Sahel Regional Program 22,834 * 22,834 USAID Southern Africa Regional 32,283 * 32,283 USAID West Africa Regional 39,334 * 39,334 East Asia and Pacific 365,150 * 430,914 Burma 30,000 * 26,000 Cambodia 58,000 * 58,000 China 5,000 * - Indonesia 63,000 * 63,000

139 Development Assistance (DA) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

Laos 27,000 * 27,000 Marshall Islands 450 * 2,000 Micronesia 450 * 2,000 Mongolia 3,000 * 6,000 Papua New Guinea - * 20,250 Philippines 70,000 * 70,800 Thailand 2,000 * 7,000 Timor-Leste 16,000 * 16,000 Vietnam 60,250 * 80,000 Pacific Islands Regional 25,000 * 35,000 USAID Regional Development Mission-Asia (RDM/A) 5,000 * 17,864 Near East 57,600 * 16,300 Lebanon 7,550 * - Morocco 10,000 * - Tunisia 40,000 * - USAID Middle East Regional (MER) 50 * 16,300 South and Central Asia 210,400 * 284,900 Bangladesh 122,200 * 122,200 India 25,000 * 51,000 Maldives 2,200 * 5,200 Nepal 40,000 * 82,000 Sri Lanka 20,000 * 23,500 USAID South Asia Regional 1,000 * 1,000 Western Hemisphere 457,778 * 659,148 Barbados and Eastern Caribbean 5,000 * 5,000 Brazil 15,000 * 17,000 Colombia 61,000 * 70,000 Dominican Republic 7,000 * 8,000 Ecuador 12,150 * 13,000 El Salvador 70,000 * 95,000 Guatemala 65,650 * 113,650 Haiti 51,000 * 51,000 Honduras 65,000 * 95,000 Jamaica 1,000 * 1,000 Nicaragua 10,000 * 15,000 Paraguay 4,000 * 4,000 Peru 34,800 * 39,035 USAID Caribbean Development Program 7,000 * 10,000 USAID Central America Regional 5,000 * 73,085 USAID Latin America and Caribbean Regional 29,178 * 29,178 USAID South America Regional 15,000 * 20,200 USAID Asia Regional 14,000 * 14,000 CPS - Bureau for Conflict Prevention and Stabilization 35,500 * 47,500 Center for the Prevention of Conflict and Violence (CVP) - * 31,000 Conflict-Prevention and Stabilization Program Oversight (CPS PO) - * 16,500

140 Development Assistance (DA) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

USAID Bureau for Conflict Prevention and Stabilization (CPS) 35,500 * - DDI - Bureau for Democracy, Development and Innovation 493,189 * 831,839 Other Funding 46,200 * - Countering Chinese Influence Fund 26,200 * - To Be Programmed 20,000 * - PPL - Policy, Planning and Learning 14,550 * 17,000 RFS - Bureau for Resilience and Food Security 337,110 * 350,110 USAID Program Management Initiatives 3,704 * 3,704

141 Economic Support Fund (ESF) ($ in thousands)

FY 2020 COVID FY 2021 3 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual 1, 2 FY 2021 ARPA 4 Supplementals Estimate Request

ESF Total 3,045,000 243,000 3,851,963 8,675,000 4,260,231

ESF Funding 3,045,000 243,000 3,151,963 8,675,000 4,260,231 Africa 61,497 32,800 * * 88,600 African Union 1,600 - * * 1,600 Cabo Verde - 1,500 * * - Central African Republic 3,000 - * * - Democratic Republic of the Congo - 5,000 * * - Djibouti - 2,500 * * - Ethiopia - 7,000 * * - Ghana 11,897 - * * - Niger 6,000 - * * - South Sudan 1,000 - * * - Sudan 5,000 5,000 * * 56,000 Zimbabwe - 1,800 * * - State Africa Regional 31,000 - * * 31,000 USAID Africa Regional 2,000 - * * - USAID Sahel Regional Program - 5,000 * * - USAID West Africa Regional - 5,000 * * - East Asia and Pacific 151,694 22,000 * * 104,000 Burma 65,000 - * * 54,000 Cambodia - 5,000 * * - China 20,000 - * * - Laos - 2,000 * * - North Korea 4,000 - * * - Philippines - 5,000 * * - Thailand 5,000 - * * - Vietnam 30,000 5,000 * * 15,000 Pacific Islands Regional - 5,000 * * - State East Asia and Pacific Regional 15,000 - * * 35,000 USAID Regional Development Mission-Asia (RDM/A) 12,694 - * * - Europe and Eurasia 12,400 37,000 * * 10,400 Armenia - 1,000 * * - Azerbaijan - 1,000 * * - International Fund for Ireland 2,000 - * * - Italy - 30,000 * * - Europe and Eurasia Regional 10,400 5,000 * * 10,400 Near East 1,743,700 14,200 * * 1,923,000 Algeria - - * * 2,000 Egypt 125,000 - * * 125,000 Iraq 150,000 - * * 150,000 Jordan 1,082,400 - * * 910,800 Lebanon 78,950 - * * 112,500 Libya 23,100 3,500 * * 40,000 Morocco 10,000 4,000 * * 20,000 Syria 40,300 4,700 * * 125,000 Tunisia 45,000 - * * 85,000 West Bank and Gaza 75,000 - * * 185,000

142 Economic Support Fund (ESF) ($ in thousands)

FY 2020 COVID FY 2021 3 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual 1, 2 FY 2021 ARPA 4 Supplementals Estimate Request

Yemen 10,000 2,000 * * 30,000 Middle East Multilaterals (MEM) - - * * 500 Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) - - * * 27,200 Middle East Regional Cooperation (MERC) 5,000 - * * 5,000 Near East Regional Democracy - - * * 55,000 Nita Lowey ME Peace Fund - - * * 50,000 State NEA Regional 82,700 - * * - USAID Middle East Regional (MER) 16,250 - * * - South and Central Asia 326,000 24,000 * * 324,500 Afghanistan 200,000 - * * 250,000 Bhutan - 500 * * 2,000 India 24,000 6,000 * * - Maldives 2,000 2,000 * * 1,000 Nepal 35,000 2,500 * * - Pakistan 46,000 7,000 * * 47,500 Sri Lanka 9,000 4,000 * * 6,000 Central Asia Regional - 2,000 * * - State South and Central Asia Regional 10,000 - * * 18,000 Western Hemisphere 382,628 10,450 * * 455,300 Brazil - 950 * * - Colombia 146,328 - * * 141,000 Cuba 20,000 - * * 20,000 Dominican Republic - 2,000 * * - El Salvador - 2,000 * * - Guatemala - 1,500 * * - Jamaica - 1,000 * * - Mexico 50,000 - * * 50,000 Peru - 3,000 * * - Venezuela 30,000 - * * 50,000 Organization of American States (OAS) 5,000 - * * - State Central America Regional - - * * 131,000 State Western Hemisphere Regional 128,300 - * * 28,300 USAID Caribbean Development Program 3,000 - * * - USAID Latin America and Caribbean Regional - - * * 35,000 CPS - Bureau for Conflict Prevention and Stabilization 12,000 - * * - CSO - Conflict and Stabilization Operations 2,500 - * * 2,500 CT - Bureau of Counterterrorism 15,000 - * * 15,000

DDI - Bureau for Democracy, Development and Innovation 111,400 9,250 * * 50,000 DRL - Democracy, Human Rights and Labor 45,775 500 * * 60,025 EB - Economic and Business Affairs 15,000 - * * 23,000 ENR - Energy Resources 5,500 - * * 30,500 R/GEC - Global Engagement Center 5,000 - * * 3,000 GH - Global Health - 75,600 * * - GP - Office of Global Partnerships - - * * 4,000 J/GCJ – Office of Global Criminal Justice 5,000 - * * - OES - Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs 43,806 1,200 * * 893,806 OES/M Mercury 3,500 - * * 3,500 OES/OESP OES Partnerships 1,750 - * * 1,750

143 Economic Support Fund (ESF) ($ in thousands)

FY 2020 COVID FY 2021 3 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual 1, 2 FY 2021 ARPA 4 Supplementals Estimate Request

OES/OP Other Programs 3,000 - * * 3,000 OES/SPFF South Pacific Forum Fisheries 21,000 - * * 21,000 OES/W Water 2,500 - * * 2,500 State Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES) 12,056 1,200 * * 862,056 Office of Foreign Assistance 600 - * * 600 Foreign Assistance Program Evaluation 600 - * * 600 Other Funding 90,500 6,000 * * 255,000 Countering Chinese Influence Fund 30,800 - * * - Countering PRC Malign Influence Fund - - * * 155,000 Global Concessional Financing 25,000 - * * 25,000 Prevention and Stabilization Fund - - * * 75,000 The Relief and Recovery Fund (RRF) 700 - * * - To Be Programmed 34,000 6,000 * * - RFS - Bureau for Resilience and Food Security - 8,000 * * - USAID Bureau for Resilience and Food Security - 8,000 * * - Special Representatives 15,000 2,000 * * 17,000 S/CCI - Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues 5,000 - * * 7,000 S/GWI - Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women's Issues 10,000 2,000 * * 10,000

5 FY 2021 Title IX Emergency Funding - - 700,000 - - Africa - - 700,000 - - Sudan - - 700,000 - -

1/ COVID Supplementals: P.L. 116-123 and P.L. 116-136. 2/ The FY 2020 COVID Supplemental level reflects a $7.0 million transfer from the Economic Support Fund (ESF) account to USAID Operating Expenses (OE). 3/ American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) mandatory funding, P.L. 117-2. 4/ The FY 2022 Request proposes a cancellation of $15 million in prior year unobligated ESF balances available for Burma, which is not included in this table. 5/ FY 2021 Title IX Emergency Funding, P.L. 116-260.

144 Assistance to Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia (AEECA) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2020 Actual FY 2022 Request Estimate

AEECA Total 770,334 770,334 788,929 Europe and Eurasia 635,184 * 665,779 Albania 2,990 * 2,990 Armenia 23,405 * 23,405 Azerbaijan 9,140 * 9,140 Belarus 9,670 * 15,000 Bosnia and Herzegovina 31,001 * 31,001 Georgia 83,025 * 88,025 Kosovo 37,050 * 37,050 Moldova 47,850 * 47,850 Montenegro 1,950 * 1,950 North Macedonia 9,793 * 9,793 Poland 2,000 * - Serbia 23,455 * 23,455 Ukraine 250,000 * 255,000 Europe and Eurasia Regional 86,005 * 103,270 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 17,850 * 17,850 South and Central Asia 125,150 * 123,150 Kazakhstan 5,000 * 5,000 Kyrgyz Republic 23,000 * 21,000 Tajikistan 28,950 * 28,950 Turkmenistan 3,900 * 3,900 Uzbekistan 31,400 * 31,400 Central Asia Regional 32,900 * 32,900 DDI - Bureau for Democracy, Development and Innovation 10,000 * -

145 Humanitarian Assistance Accounts ($ in thousands)

FY 2020 COVID FY 2021 2 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual 1 FY 2021 ARPA Supplementals Estimate Request

Humanitarian Assistance Total 11,073,817 908,000 11,268,879 1,300,000 10,097,462

ERMA 100 - 100 - 100 MRA Enduring 100 - 100 - 100 PRM - Population, Refugees, and Migration 100 - 100 - 100 PRM, Emergency Funds 100 - 100 - 100

Food for Peace, P.L. 480 Title II 1,725,000 - 1,740,000 800,000 1,570,000 Food for Peace, P.L. 480 Title II Enduring 1,725,000 - 1,740,000 800,000 1,570,000

IDA Total 4,395,362 558,000 4,395,362 - 4,682,362 IDA Enduring 2,661,382 558,000 2,481,321 - 4,682,362 IDA OCO 1,733,980 - 1,914,041 - -

MRA Total 3,432,000 350,000 3,432,000 500,000 3,845,000 MRA Enduring 1,910,645 350,000 1,730,583 500,000 3,845,000 PRM - Population, Refugees, and Migration 1,910,645 350,000 * * 3,845,000 PRM, Administrative Expenses 47,400 - * * 62,000 PRM, Humanitarian Migrants to Israel 5,000 - * * 5,000 PRM, OA - Africa 220,000 - * * 797,600 PRM, OA - East Asia 230,300 - * * 221,700 PRM, OA - Europe 54,000 - * * 80,000 PRM, OA - Migration 47,100 - * * 44,900 PRM, OA - Near East 350,000 - * * 1,145,100 PRM, OA - Protection Priorities 258,045 350,000 * * 496,200 PRM, OA - South Asia 57,800 - * * 74,400 PRM, OA - Western Hemisphere 390,000 - * * 368,100 PRM, Refugee Admissions 251,000 - * * 550,000

MRA OCO 1,521,355 - 1,701,417 - - PRM - Population, Refugees, and Migration 1,521,355 - * - - PRM, OA - Africa 696,700 - * - - PRM, OA - Europe 39,600 - * - - PRM, OA - Near East 721,600 - * - - PRM, OA - Protection Priorities 9,955 - * - - PRM, OA - South Asia 53,500 - * - -

1/ COVID Supplementals: P.L. 116-123 and P.L. 116-136. 2/ FY 2021 American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) mandatory funding, P.L. 117-2.

146 International Narcotics and Law Enforcement (INCLE) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request1

INCLE Total 1,391,000 1,385,573 1,525,738 Africa 77,850 * 65,846 Central African Republic 4,500 * 3,750 Democratic Republic of the Congo 4,000 * 3,000 Ethiopia 4,000 * 1,320 Ghana - * 3,000 Kenya 7,000 * 5,450 Liberia 6,000 * 4,350 Nigeria 7,000 * 4,700 Somalia 3,000 * 1,800 Sudan - * 3,700 State Africa Regional 42,350 * 34,776 East Asia and Pacific 48,925 * 41,791 Burma 3,500 * - Indonesia 10,625 * 9,375 Laos 4,000 * 4,000 Mongolia 2,000 * 2,000 Philippines 7,000 * 6,425 Thailand 2,000 * 2,000 Timor-Leste 800 * - Vietnam 6,000 * 6,000 State East Asia and Pacific Regional 13,000 * 11,991 Europe and Eurasia 93,900 * 82,210 Albania 5,300 * 4,700 Armenia 7,000 * 6,050 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6,000 * 5,100 Georgia 5,700 * 4,400 Kosovo 10,500 * 9,250 Moldova 6,800 * 5,550 Montenegro 5,000 * 4,440 North Macedonia 5,100 * 4,370 Serbia 4,500 * 3,200 Ukraine 30,000 * 27,400 Europe and Eurasia Regional 8,000 * 7,750 Near East 36,465 * 77,900 Egypt 2,000 * - Iraq 5,600 * - Lebanon 10,000 * 8,200 Libya 565 * - Morocco 5,000 * 3,900

147 International Narcotics and Law Enforcement (INCLE) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request1

Syria - * 10,000 Tunisia 13,000 * 22,800 West Bank and Gaza - * 33,000 Yemen 300 * - South and Central Asia 140,500 * 107,800 Afghanistan 88,000 * 59,200 Bangladesh 1,000 * - Kazakhstan 4,000 * 4,000 Kyrgyz Republic 1,650 * 1,900 Nepal 2,000 * - Pakistan 21,000 * 18,800 Tajikistan 6,000 * 6,000 Uzbekistan 5,000 * 5,000 Central Asia Regional 5,850 * 3,450 State South and Central Asia Regional 6,000 * 9,450 Western Hemisphere 555,200 * 570,400 Argentina 2,500 * - Colombia 180,000 * 175,000 Ecuador 7,000 * 10,500 Haiti 18,000 * 12,100 Mexico 100,000 * 64,000 Peru 40,000 * 46,185 State Central America Regional - * 219,665 State Western Hemisphere Regional 207,700 * 42,950 INL - International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs 263,725 * 433,791 INL - Atrocities Prevention 2,500 * - INL - CFSP, Critical Flight Safety Program 18,000 * - INL - Cyber Crime and IPR 10,000 * 20,000 INL - Demand Reduction 15,000 * 15,000 INL - Drug Supply Reduction 17,000 * 17,000 INL - Fighting Corruption 7,000 * 30,000 INL - Global Crime and Drugs Policy 7,000 * 7,000 INL - ILEA, International Law Enforcement Academy 27,000 * 37,925 INL - Inter-regional Aviation Support 42,000 * 28,400 INL - International Organized Crime 55,225 * 55,225 INL - IPPOS, International Police Peacekeeping Operations Support 3,000 * 3,000 INL - Knowledge Management 11,000 * 15,965 INL - Program Development and Support 46,000 * 204,276 INL - Security Force Professionalization 3,000 * - J/GCJ – Office of Global Criminal Justice 5,000 * -

148 International Narcotics and Law Enforcement (INCLE) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request1

J/TIP - Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking In Persons 61,000 * 66,000 Ending Modern Slavery (J/TIP) 25,000 * - State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (J/TIP) 36,000 * 66,000 Other Funding 108,435 * 80,000 Countering Chinese Influence Fund 70,000 * - Countering Malign Influence Fund - * 70,000 Prevention and Stabilization Fund - * 10,000 The Relief and Recovery Fund (RRF) 19,435 * - To Be Programmed 19,000 * -

1/ The FY 2022 Request proposes a cancellation of $5 million in prior year unobligated INCLE balances available for Burma, which is not included in this table.

149 Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs (NADR) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

NADR Total 895,750 889,247 900,247 NADR 25,000 - - Other Funding 25,000 - - Countering Chinese Influence Fund 25,000 - - NADR ATA 182,000 182,000 276,747 Africa 33,350 * 37,500 Kenya 5,500 * 5,500 Somalia 4,500 * 4,000 State Africa Regional 23,350 * 28,000 East Asia and Pacific 13,600 * 13,600 Indonesia 4,500 * 4,500 Philippines 5,500 * 5,500 Thailand 1,600 * 1,600 State East Asia and Pacific Regional 2,000 * 2,000 Near East 41,803 * 27,900 Egypt 1,500 * 1,500 Iraq 6,000 * 6,000 Jordan 10,000 * 6,800 Lebanon 6,060 * 5,000 Libya - * 1,000 Morocco 2,000 * - Oman 1,000 * 1,000 Tunisia 5,500 * 2,000 Yemen - * 2,600 State NEA Regional 9,743 * 2,000 South and Central Asia 24,800 * 32,200 Afghanistan 17,500 * 25,000 Bangladesh 3,000 * - Central Asia Regional 1,300 * 1,200 State South and Central Asia Regional 3,000 * 6,000 Western Hemisphere 1,900 * 1,900 CT - Bureau of Counterterrorism 45,100 * 153,647 Bureau of Counterterrorism (CT) 45,100 * 48,100 Counterterrorism Partnerships Fund - * 105,547 Other Funding 21,447 * 10,000 Prevention and Stabilization Fund - * 10,000 To Be Programmed 21,447 * - NADR CCIF - 25,000 - NADR CTBT IMS 29,000 * 29,000 AVC - Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance 29,000 * 29,000

150 Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs (NADR) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

NADR CTBTO PrepComm 2,000 * 2,000 AVC - Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance 2,000 * 2,000 NADR CTF 12,500 14,000 - CT - Bureau of Counterterrorism 12,500 * - NADR CTPF 84,500 84,597 - CT - Bureau of Counterterrorism 84,500 * - NADR CWD 227,550 233,850 254,850 Africa 22,000 * 23,000 Angola 7,000 * 4,000 Burkina Faso 500 * 1,500 Chad 1,000 * 1,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo 3,000 * 4,000 Mali 1,000 * 1,000 Mauritania 1,000 * 500 Niger 1,000 * 1,000 Somalia 2,000 * 4,000 South Sudan 2,000 * 2,000 Zimbabwe 2,500 * 1,500 State Africa Regional 1,000 * 2,500 East Asia and Pacific 66,000 * 58,000 Cambodia 7,000 * 7,000 Laos 37,500 * 30,000 Vietnam 17,500 * 17,000 State East Asia and Pacific Regional 4,000 * 4,000 Europe and Eurasia 18,500 * 13,950 Albania 1,000 * 500 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3,000 * 4,650 Georgia - * 1,000 Kosovo 5,000 * 800 Serbia 1,000 * 1,000 Ukraine 8,500 * 6,000 Near East 50,050 * 61,400 Iraq 40,650 * 40,000 Jordan 400 * 400 Lebanon 5,000 * 6,000 Libya - * 2,000 Syria - * 10,000 West Bank and Gaza - * 1,000 Yemen 4,000 * 2,000

151 Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs (NADR) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

South and Central Asia 27,000 * 32,500 Afghanistan 20,000 * 20,000 Kyrgyz Republic - * 2,000 Sri Lanka 5,500 * 8,000 Tajikistan 1,500 * 2,500 Western Hemisphere 23,000 * 27,000 Colombia 21,000 * 21,000 Peru - * 1,000 State Central America Regional - * 2,000 State Western Hemisphere Regional 2,000 * 3,000 Other Funding - * 15,000 Countering PRC Malign Influence Fund - * 15,000 PM - Political-Military Affairs 21,000 * 24,000 PM - Conventional Weapons Destruction 21,000 * 24,000 NADR EXBS 64,000 27,000 79,750 Africa 1,500 * 1,500 State Africa Regional 1,500 * 1,500 East Asia and Pacific 4,250 * 3,570 Indonesia 1,500 * 700 Philippines 440 * 440 Thailand 500 * 500 Vietnam - * 430 State East Asia and Pacific Regional 1,810 * 1,500 Europe and Eurasia 9,200 * 5,600 Georgia 1,100 * - Ukraine 6,500 * 4,000 Europe and Eurasia Regional 1,600 * 1,600 Near East 11,820 * 11,820 Algeria 700 * - Egypt 2,000 * 2,000 Iraq 860 * 1,500 Jordan 3,200 * 3,200 Lebanon 760 * 760 Morocco 2,000 * - Oman 700 * - Tunisia 600 * - Yemen 1,000 * - State NEA Regional - * 4,360 South and Central Asia 6,190 * 6,440 Afghanistan 1,000 * 800

152 Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs (NADR) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

India 800 * 800 Kazakhstan 800 * 800 Pakistan 800 * - Uzbekistan 740 * 600 State South and Central Asia Regional 2,050 * 3,440 Western Hemisphere 2,370 * 2,110 Mexico 1,160 * 1,000 Panama 500 * 500 State Western Hemisphere Regional 710 * 610 ISN - International Security and Nonproliferation 28,670 * 45,010 Other Funding - * 3,700 Countering PRC Malign Influence Fund - * 3,700 NADR GTR 70,000 74,000 86,400 ISN - International Security and Nonproliferation 70,000 * 80,100 Other Funding - * 6,300 Countering PRC Malign Influence Fund - * 6,300 NADR IAEA 94,800 94,800 95,000 ISN - International Security and Nonproliferation 94,800 * 95,000 NADR NDF 30,000 15,000 15,000 ISN - International Security and Nonproliferation 30,000 * 15,000 NADR PSF - 10,000 - NADR RRF 25,000 - - Near East 1,500 - - Libya 1,500 - - Other Funding 23,500 - - The Relief and Recovery Fund (RRF) 23,500 - - NADR TIP 42,800 50,000 50,000 CT - Bureau of Counterterrorism 42,800 * 50,000 NADR WMDT 6,600 * 11,500 ISN - International Security and Nonproliferation 6,600 * 11,500

153 Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

PKO Total 457,348 440,759 469,459

PKO Enduring Total 132,135 115,546 469,459 Africa 25,135 * 307,709 Central African Republic - * 5,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo - * 3,000 Somalia 7,835 * 233,209 South Sudan - * 18,000 State Africa Regional 17,300 * 48,500 Near East 31,000 * 24,000 Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) 31,000 * 24,000 Other Funding - * 12,500 Prevention and Stabilization Fund - * 12,500 PM - Political-Military Affairs 76,000 * 125,250 PM - GDRP, Global Defense Reform Program 5,000 * 10,000 PM - GPOI, Global Peace Operations Initiative 71,000 * 71,000 PM - PKO Administrative Expenses - * 5,750 PM - TSCTP, Trans-Sahara Counter-Terrorism Partnership - * 38,500

PKO OCO Total 325,213 325,213 - Africa 256,213 * - Central African Republic 8,000 * - Democratic Republic of the Congo 3,000 * - Liberia 1,000 * - Somalia 200,273 * - South Sudan 20,000 * - State Africa Regional 23,940 * - Other Funding 40,000 * - The Relief and Recovery Fund (RRF) 40,000 * - PM - Political-Military Affairs 29,000 * - PM - Security Force Professionalization 3,000 * - PM - TSCTP, Trans-Sahara Counter-Terrorism Partnership 26,000 * -

154 International Military Education and Training (IMET) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

IMET Total 112,925 112,925 112,925 Africa 15,855 * 19,580 Angola 343 * 500 Benin 178 * 300 Botswana 593 * 600 Burkina Faso 544 * 550 Burundi - * 100 Cabo Verde 110 * 225 Cameroon 800 * 600 Central African Republic 106 * 150 Chad 800 * 800 Comoros 100 * 200 Cote d'Ivoire 331 * 350 Democratic Republic of the Congo - * 250 Djibouti 819 * 895 Equatorial Guinea - * 500 Eswatini 68 * 100 Ethiopia 598 * - Gabon 369 * 400 Gambia, The - * 200 Ghana 850 * 800 Guinea 287 * 300 Guinea-Bissau 142 * 100 Kenya 980 * 1,000 Lesotho 32 * 100 Liberia 215 * 360 Madagascar 198 * 200 Malawi 300 * 300 Mali 441 * 850 Mauritania - * 500 Mauritius 23 * 200 Mozambique 356 * 600 Namibia 55 * 100 Niger 783 * 800 Nigeria 1,184 * 1,000 Republic of the Congo 132 * 200 Rwanda 522 * 550 Sao Tome and Principe 87 * 200 Senegal 939 * 850 Seychelles 14 * 200 Sierra Leone 400 * 400 Somalia - * 300 South Africa 240 * 650 Sudan - * 200 Tanzania 714 * 750

155 International Military Education and Training (IMET) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

Togo 172 * 300 Uganda 688 * 700 Zambia 342 * 350 East Asia and Pacific 9,426 * 13,925 Fiji 138 * 500 Indonesia 2,650 * 2,525 Laos 104 * 400 Malaysia 239 * 1,100 Mongolia 1,695 * 2,000 Papua New Guinea 200 * 400 Philippines 2,147 * 2,100 Samoa - * 100 Thailand - * 2,200 Timor-Leste 400 * 400 Tonga 53 * 400 Vietnam 1,800 * 1,800 Europe and Eurasia 23,716 * 26,940 Albania 876 * 900 Armenia 192 * 600 Azerbaijan 211 * 600 Bosnia and Herzegovina 493 * 1,000 Bulgaria 1,286 * 1,700 Croatia 907 * 850 Cyprus - * 500 Czech Republic 511 * 425 Estonia 652 * 1,100 Georgia 1,590 * 2,200 Greece 445 * 1,000 Hungary 800 * 800 Kosovo 750 * 750 Latvia 690 * 1,100 Lithuania 1,022 * 1,100 Malta 128 * 100 Moldova 1,150 * 1,150 Montenegro 337 * 500 North Macedonia 720 * 1,100 Poland 1,220 * 1,350 Romania 1,094 * 1,500 Serbia 317 * 1,050 Slovakia 548 * 575 Slovenia 192 * 50 Turkey 651 * 1,940 Ukraine 2,049 * 3,000 Europe and Eurasia Regional 4,885 * -

156 International Military Education and Training (IMET) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

Near East 13,933 * 19,150 Algeria 1,079 * 1,300 Bahrain 80 * 950 Egypt - * 1,800 Iraq 1,000 * 1,000 Jordan 4,000 * 3,800 Lebanon 2,675 * 3,500 Morocco 2,000 * 2,000 Oman 799 * 2,000 Tunisia 2,300 * 2,300 Yemen - * 500 South and Central Asia 5,338 * 13,750 Afghanistan 541 * 800 Bangladesh 1,357 * 1,800 Bhutan - * 200 India 829 * 1,600 Kazakhstan 17 * 900 Kyrgyz Republic 100 * 500 Maldives 390 * 500 Nepal 891 * 1,400 Pakistan - * 3,500 Sri Lanka 552 * 900 Tajikistan - * 450 Turkmenistan 123 * 200 Uzbekistan 538 * 1,000 Western Hemisphere 13,119 * 14,080 Argentina 561 * 650 Bahamas, The 197 * 200 Barbados and Eastern Caribbean 594 * 700 Belize 179 * 250 Brazil 767 * 800 Chile 553 * 450 Colombia 1,783 * 1,850 Costa Rica 725 * 725 Dominican Republic 408 * 500 Ecuador 300 * 300 El Salvador 800 * 800 Guatemala 787 * 800 Guyana 140 * 200 Haiti 96 * 255 Honduras 800 * 800 Jamaica 483 * 600 Mexico 1,750 * 1,575 Panama 534 * 725 Paraguay 227 * 400

157 International Military Education and Training (IMET) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

Peru 589 * 650 Suriname 178 * 200 Trinidad and Tobago 291 * 300 Uruguay 377 * 350 Other Funding 26,661 * - To Be Programmed 26,661 * - PM - Political-Military Affairs 4,877 * 5,500 PM - IMET Administrative Expenses 4,877 * 5,500

158 Foreign Military Finance (FMF) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

FMF Total 6,131,924 6,175,524 6,175,524

FMF Enduring Total 5,645,015 5,598,615 6,175,524 Africa 5,000 * 6,000 Djibouti 5,000 * 6,000 East Asia and Pacific 101,000 * 129,000 Indonesia 14,000 * 14,000 Mongolia 3,000 * 3,000 Philippines 40,000 * 40,000 Thailand - * 10,000 Vietnam 12,000 * 12,000 State East Asia and Pacific Regional 32,000 * 50,000 Europe and Eurasia 250,690 * 299,024 Bulgaria 5,000 * - Estonia 8,000 * 8,750 Georgia 40,000 * 25,000 Latvia 8,000 * 8,750 Lithuania 8,000 * 8,750 Montenegro 5,000 * - North Macedonia 5,000 * - Romania 5,599 * - Ukraine 115,000 * 115,000 Europe and Eurasia Regional 51,091 * 132,774 Near East 5,120,000 * 5,459,000 Bahrain - * 4,000 Egypt 1,300,000 * 1,300,000 Iraq - * 250,000 Israel 3,300,000 * 3,300,000 Jordan 425,000 * 350,000 Lebanon - * 160,000 Morocco 10,000 * 10,000 Tunisia 85,000 * 85,000 South and Central Asia 18,600 * 50,000 Bangladesh 1,500 * - Maldives 400 * - Nepal 1,700 * - Central Asia Regional 5,000 * 15,000 State South and Central Asia Regional 10,000 * 35,000 Western Hemisphere 79,725 * 95,000 Belize 1,000 * - Colombia 45,525 * 40,000 Costa Rica 7,500 * - Ecuador - * 5,000 El Salvador 1,900 * - Mexico 5,000 * -

159 Foreign Military Finance (FMF) ($ in thousands)

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2020 Actual Estimate Request

Panama 2,000 * - Peru 1,800 * - State Central America Regional - * 27,500 State Western Hemisphere Regional 15,000 * 22,500 Other Funding - * 67,500 Countering PRC Malign Influence Fund - * 50,000 Prevention and Stabilization Fund - * 17,500 PM - Political-Military Affairs 70,000 * 70,000 PM - FMF Administrative Expenses 70,000 * 70,000

FMF OCO 486,909 576,909 - Europe and Eurasia 81,409 * - Europe and Eurasia Regional 81,409 * - Near East 355,000 * - Iraq 250,000 * - Lebanon 105,000 * - South and Central Asia 500 * - Sri Lanka 500 * - Other Funding 50,000 * - Countering Chinese Influence Fund 50,000 * - FMF - RRF - OCO 25,000 * - Other Funding 25,000 * - The Relief and Recovery Fund (RRF) 25,000 * -

160 International Organizations and Programs ($ in thousands)

FY 2020 FY 2021 2 FY 2022 1 FY 2021 ARPA Actual Estimate Request IO&P Total 358,000 387,500 580,000 457,100 International Organizations 358,000 * - 457,100 ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 1,200 * - 1,200 IDLO International Development Law Organization 400 * - 400 IMO International Maritime Organization 325 * - 325 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 6,400 * - 21,000 International Chemicals and Toxins Programs 3,175 * - 3,175 International Conservation Programs 7,000 * - 7,000 Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund 32,000 * - 64,000 OAS Fund for Strengthening Democracy 4,500 * - - ReCAAP - Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships in Asia 50 * - 50 UN Junior Professional Officers Program - * - 1,500 UN OCHA UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 3,500 * - 3,500 UN Resident Coordinator System 23,000 * - 23,000 UN Special Coordinator for UN Response to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse 1,500 * - 1,500 UN Special Representative of the Secretary General for Sexual Violence in Conflict - * - 1,750 UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Sexual Violence in Conflict 1,750 * - - UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women 1,500 * - 1,500 UN Voluntary Funds for Technical Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights 1,150 * - 1,150 UN Women 10,000 * - 10,000 UN-HABITAT UN Human Settlements Program 700 * - 700 UNCDF UN Capital Development Fund 1,100 * - 1,000 UNDF UN Democracy Fund 3,500 * - 3,500 UNDP UN Development Program 81,550 * - 81,550 UNEP UN Environment Program 10,600 * - 10,200 UNFPA UN Population Fund - * - 56,000 UNHCHR UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 14,500 * - 14,500 UNICEF UN Children's Fund 139,000 * - 139,000 UNVFVT UN Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture 8,000 * - 8,000 WMO World Meteorological Organization 1,000 * - 1,000 WTO Technical Assistance 600 * - 600

1/ The FY 2020 Global Health Programs-USAID (GHP-USAID) and International Organizations & Programs (IO&P) account levels reflect the transfer of $32.5 million from the IO&P account to the GHP-USAID account. 2/ American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) mandatory funding, P.L. 117-2.

161