Durham E-Theses

Refugees and settlers: geographical implications of the Arab-Israeli conict 1967-1978.

Harris, William W.

How to cite: Harris, William W. (1978) Refugees and settlers: geographical implications of the Arab-Israeli conict 1967-1978., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1870/

Use policy

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:

• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source

• a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses

• the full-text is not changed in any way

The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.

Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk

2 REFUGEES AND SETTLERS : GEOGRAPHICAL IMPLICATIONS

OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

1967-1978

by

W,W, HARRIS M. A.

VOLUME II

APPENDICES TABLES FIGURES

A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Durham, November 1978. APPENDICES 361

APPENDIXI

Glossary

(In Alphabetical Order) 362

Ahdut ha Avoda. 'Unity of Labour' Party. Split from in 1942 and from Mapam in 1954. Somewhat more socialist in orientation than Mapai. In 1968 joined with Mapai and Rafi to form the Labour Party, thereafter operating as a faction within Labour.

Alignment. (Ma'arakh) Refers to the common electoral front of Mapam and the Israel Labour Party from 1969 onwards.

Artzi. See 'Ha Kibbutz ha Artzi'.

Beitar. Acronym for 'Brit Yosef Trumpeldor = Yosef Trumpeldor Association. Revisionist Zionist (Herut) youth movement (See 'Ten' uat Herut-Beitar).

Bnei Agiva . NRP youth movement.

Displaced Persons. In the context of the 1967 West Bank out-movement this refers exclusively to native West Bankers.

Eretz Yisrael. 'The Land of Israel' - the biblical/hist- orical territory of the Jewish people. Roughly coterminous with the area termed 'Palestine' (incorpor- ating present-day Israel, Judea-Samaria, Gaza and much of Transjordan), though varied greatly in extent through the biblical period. In current political usage it generally refers to 'Western Eretz Yisrael', which excludes areas east of the Jordan River and is identical with the territory of the former Palestine Mandate (Israel, Judea-Samaria, Gaza).

Fatah. Reverse acronym for 'Harakat at Tahrir al Watani al Falastini' = Palestine National Liberation Movement. Principal Palestinian guerrilla organisation and headed by Yassir Arafat.

Herut- Gahal. Acronym for 'Gush Herut - Liberali' = Liýbera1 Block. Product of 1965 between the Herut and Liberal Parties.

Green Line. Israeli term for the 1949-67 armistice lines between Israel and her neighbours.

Gush. Hebrew for 'block' (of land or of people). 363

Gush Emunim. See P. 288 in the main text.

Ha Ihud ha Haglai. 'The Agricultural Union' Moshav Movement. Association of smallholder settlements independent of any particular political affiliation. 35 moshavim and 2 moshavim shittufiim in 1974.

Ha Kibbutz ha Artzi. 'National Kibbutz'. Currently the largest Kibbutz Movement. Main base of support for the Mapam faction. 1974-75 settlements with a combined population of 32,800. Founded in 1927.

Ha Kibbutz ha Meuhad. 'The United Kibbutz'. Settlement Movement politically oriented toward Ahdut ha Avoda. 1974-55 settlements with a combined population of 25,100. Founded in 1927.

Ha 'Oved ha Tzioni. 'Zionist Labour' Moshav Movement. Small federation linked with the Independent Liberal Party. 12 moshavim and 6 moshavim shittufiim.

Ha Po'el ha Mizrahi. 'Eastern Labour' Moshav Movement. Religious moshavim Call aspects of public life governed by the Torah) associated with the National Religious Party. 56 moshavim and 4 moshavim shittufiim in 1974.

Herut. 'Freedom' Party. The organ of revisionist Zionism after 1948 and Israel's largest right-wing political faction. Strongly attached to the idea of, Israeli control over the whole of western Eretz Yisrael and favouring a less 'socialized' economy. Joined with the Liberals to form Gahal in 1965 and with other smaller parties to form Likud in 1973.

Ihud ha Kevutzot ve ha Kibbutzim. 'Union'of Kibbutzim'. Settlement movement politically associated with Mapai. 1974-77 settlements with a combined population of 29,300. Founded in 1951.

Independent Liberal Party. Small centrist faction. Aligned ed with Liberals 1961-65. Reverted to former independence when Liberals joined Herut in Gahal. Gradually reduced from 5 seats (1966) to 1 seat (1977). 364

Jewish Agency. Established in 1929 as the organizing agency for Jewish activity under the British Mandatory regime in Palestine. After the establishment of the State of Israel the Jewish Agency continued as a semi-autonomous bureaucracy responsible for immigration and land settlement - the internal arm of the World Zionist Organization. Its relationship with the Government was regulated by the 1954 'covenant', setting up a co-ordinating board through which the Government effectively exercised control.

Jewish National Fund. 'Keren Keyemet le Yisrael'. Established by the Zionist Organization in 1901 to acquire land in Palestine for agricultural settlement. After the establishment of the State the National Fund became primarily concerned with land development - soil preparation, afforestation and rural road works.

Kibbutz. Collective settlement. Collective principle applies in all spheres of life. Land is worked in 'common' and families live in a communal framework, for example eating in a single dining hall. Although agriculture is the most characteristic activity many kibbutzim also engage in industrial production and service provision. Settlement populations range from c. 100 to c. 1500.

Knesset. The unicameral Israeli Parliament. 120 members elected every four years by universal suffrage under proportional representation.

Labour Party. Product of Mapai/Rafi/Ahdut ha Avoda union in 1967. Thereafter Israel's dominant political grouping and coalition leader up to the 1977 election.

La'am. 'For the People' (formerly known as State List). Small faction in Likud. Formed (as State List) in 1969 by Rafi members who rejected Rafi's 1968 attachment to the Labour Party.

Liberal Party. Right of centre party associated with Herut in Gahal (1965) and Likud (1973). Represents powerful business interests and primarily concerned with economic matters (as illustration see Cabinet posts in Likud II P. 375). occupied 1977 administration - Appendix

Likud. 'Unity'. Right of centre alignment formed in 1973 by Gahal (Herut, Liberals), State List, Free Centre. United by hostility to 'socialism'. Emergence (on initiative of ) ominous for Labour as it gave Herut greater respectability and a more moderate appearance. 365

Mapai. Acronym for 'Mifleget`Po'alei Eretz Yisrael' = Israel Workers Party. Israel's dominant political faction up to the 1968 formation of the Labour Party. Thereafter continued as the major source'of political power within Labour. Social-democratic.

Mapam. Acronym for 'Mifleget Po'alim Me'uh edet' United Workers Party. A socialist-Zionist party to the left of Labour in Israel's political spectrum. Since 1969 has formed the 'Alignment' with the Labour Party.

Mekorot. ' Sources' - Israel's national water company. Implements and manages water supply projects.

Meuhad. See 'Ha Kibbutz ha Meuhad''. '

Moshav. Co-operative agricultural village, generally comprising 6o-loo families. Land is held individually (though not privately owned), members have private incomes and families live separately from one-another. Members only come together for marketing, bulk purchasing and the operation of central facilities and services.

Moshav Shittufi (Co-operative Moshav). ` Intermediate between co-operative (moshav) and communal (kibbutz) organization. 1) Land is worked in 'common' with income being equally divided between members but 2) families live separately and arrange their household budgets individually.

Nahal. Acronym for 'No'ar Halutzi Lohem' = Fighting Pioneering Youth. Military-agricultural settlement corps of Tzahal. Soldiers serving in Nahal spend a large portion of their compulsory military training (three period years) in establishing and maintaining agricultural outpost settlements in frontier areas. Since 1967 Nahal has been used as a spear-head for a considerable portion of the occupied territory colon- ization and it operates in close collaboration with, the Settlement Department of the Jewish Agency and with Settlement Movements. Nahal (paramilitary) settlements can move through three phases : 1) Ma'ahaz. Small outpost with no extra-military activity, but intended to evolve. into a settlement.

2) He'ahazut. Still paramilitary but members of the unit also engage in non-military activity, usually but not necessarily agricultural. 366

3) Hitnahalut. Settlement' becomes civilian. Can happen when an original Nahal unit completes its military service and remains as a civilian nucleus or when an entirely different civilian group moves into a site prepared by a Nahal unit. It is generally only at this stage that permanent accommodation is built and that 60 He'ahazut population rises over c. - the Ma'ahaz and stages use tents, prefabricated huts and derelict buildings. It should of course be noted that many occupied territory settlements have never gone through a Nahal period (having been civilian from the outset) and that Nahal outposts do not necessarily ever become permanent civilian villages.

Leumit). National Religious Party (Mafdal - Miflaga Datit Israel's largest political faction with an orthodox religious base. Founded in 1956 by union of Mizrahi (orthodox Zionist group) with its labour arm, Ha Po'el ha Mizrahi. Regular partner in governing coalitions. Until 1974 the main tendency of the NRP was 'moderate', but between 1974 and 1977 it became increasingly influenced by the mystical religious fundamentalism of Gush Emunim. 1978 saw the'party severely split°between 'moderate' and 'millenial' wings.

National Water Carrier. Canal and pipe system transferring water from Lake Tiberias to the northern Negev.

Palestine Liberation Or anniization (PLO). Executive of the guerrilla organizations. Since 1969 dominated by Fatah.

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) Palestine guerrilla organization. More radical than Fatah. Founded by George Habash.

Rafi. Acronym for 'Reshimat Po'alei Yisrael' = Israel Workers List. Split from Mapai in 1965 - headed by Ben Gurion, Dayan, Peres. " Stood to the right of the central tendency in Mapai and, despite Ben Gurion's personal opposition to major boundary adjustments after the June 1967 War, it became identified as a proponent of large-scale territorial expansion by the early 1970's (through Dayan and Peres). In 1968 merged with Mapai and Ahdut ha Avoda to form the Labour Party, therafter operating as an internal faction. By 1975 it had largely lost its separate identity. 367

Settlement Movement. A settlement, whether moshav or kibbutz, tends to have a particular ideological orientation and on this basis is affiliated to a Settlement Movement (a national federation of communal/ co-operative villages with similar social and political outlooks. Movements are linked to political parties, in which they often possess great influence relative to their numerical strength, owing to their prominent role during critical formative phases of Israel's political history. This especially applies to factions making up the Labour Mapam Alignment.

Shelf. 'Shalom/Shivyon le Yisrael' = Peace/Equality for Israel. Front of leftist splinter groups formed for 1977 elections. Favours near-total withdrawal from occupied territory.

Tahal, Acronym for 'Tikhnun ha Maim le Yisrael' = Water Planning for Israel. Directs planning and research for all forms of water supply and distribution.

Tenu'at ha Moshavim. 'The Moshav Movement'. Israel's largest Moshav association. Closely linked with the Histad (Federation of Labour) and politically oriented toward the Labour Party (before 1968 toward Mapai). 218 moshavim and 9 moshavim shittufiim in 1974.

Tzahal. Acronym for Tzavah le Yisrael = Israel Defence Forces (includes army, air force and navy).

Volcani Institute. Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture (plant biology, soil chemistry, irrigation, veterinary medicine).

Yishuv. Palestine Jewry under the British Mandate, 1920-1948.

(consult Sources for further information) a

Arian, A. The Elections in Israel, 1973 (1975)"

Brecher, M. The Foreign Policy System of Israel (1972)

Institute for the Study of Conflict. Conflict Studies No. 38 - Since Jordan i The Palestinian Feda een London, Sept. 1973). 368

Lucas, N. The Modern History of Israel (1974).

Orni, F. Forms of Settlement (1976).

Rokach, A. Rural Settlement in Israel (1978). 369

APPENDIX II

Israel s Composition of Governments

and Parliaments 1967-1978.

(See Appendix I for notes on parties

and factions). 370

1.1966 Knesset Elections

Party/faction No. of seats

Mapai - Ahdut ha Avoda 45 (Gahal) Herut - Liberals 26 NRP 11 Raf i 10 Mapam Independent Liberals Agudat Yisrael 4 Communists 4 Arab lists (affiliated to Mapai)--- -4 Poalei Agudat Yisrael 2 Ha-olam ha-zeh 1

2. Government Composition, June 1967

National Unity Government dominated by Labour (Mapai - Ahdut ha Avoda) Alignment a) Coalition parties/factions

Labour Alignment 12 Cabinet positions* NRP 3 of Mapam 2 of i Raf 1 position Independent Liberals 1. to Gahal 1 to

*9 Mapai, 3 Ahdut ha Avoda b) Ministers

Levi Eshkol (Alignment) Prime Minister Moshe Dayan* (Raff) Defence (Alignment) Labour Zalmon Aranne (Alignment) Education & Culture Yisrael Barzalai (Mapam) Health Mordekhai Bentov (Mapam) Housing Josef Burg (NRP) Social Welfare Moshe Carmel (Alignment) Transport Abba Eban (Alignment) Foreign Affairs Yisrael Galili (Alignment) Without Portfolio Haim Givatai (Alignment) Agriculture Moshe Kol (Indep. Libs) Development Tourism Pinhas Sapir (Alignment) Finance Eliahu Sasson (Alignment) Police Zeev Sharef, (Alignment) Commerce & Industry Moshe Shapira (NRP) Interior, Ya' acoq Shimshon Shapira (Alignment) Justice 371

Zerah Wahrhaftig (NRP) Religious Affairs Yisrael Yeshayahu (Alignment) Posts Menahem Begin* (Herut). Without Portfolio

*Joined to make National Unity Govt., May 1967

Changes 3" June 1967 - Dec. 1969

a) Parties

21 Jan. 1968 - Mapai, Ahdut ha Avoda, Rafi merge as Israel Labour Party - Alignment with Mapam.

b) Government

1 July 1968 - Yigal Allon appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Immigrant Absorption. (Rafi) becomes Minister of Labour. ' 26 July 1968 - Pinhas"Sapir resigns as Finance Minister (appointed Sec. Gen. of Labour. Party) Zoev Sharef takes over finance. 17 March 1969 - following death of Levi Eshkol becomes Prime Minister.

" 1969 Knesset Elections

Party/faction No. of seats Labour-Mapam Alignment 56 Gahal 26 NRP 12.: Independent Liberals 4 State List 4 Agudat Yisrael 4 Arab Lists (affil. to Alignment) 4 New Communist Party -3 Poalei Agudat Yisrael 2 Free Centre 2 Ha-olam ha-zeh 2 Israel Communist Party 1

5. New Government. Dec., 1969

National Unity Government dominated by Labour (Gahal - Mapam Alignment withdrawal July 1970. see 6) a) Coalition parties/factions

Labour-Mapam Alignment 15 Cabinet positions* Gahal 6 of is NRP 3 of of Independent Liberals 1 position * 12 Labour, 3 Mapam 372 b) Ministers

Golda Meir (Lab. Mapai) Prime Minister Yigal Allon (Lab. Ahdut ha Avoda) Deputy P. M. & Education Abba Eban (Lab. Mapai) Foreign Affairs Moshe Dayan (Lab. Rafi) Defence Pinhas Sapir (Lab. Mapai) Finance Haim Givatai (Lab. Mapai) Agriculture Yosef Almogi (Lab. Rafi) Labour Ya'agov S. Shapiro (Lab. Mapai) Justice Zeev Sharef (Lab. Mapai)_ Housing Shlomo Hillel (Lab. Mapai) Police Yosef Sapir (Gahal Liberal) Commerce & Industry Ezer Weitzman (Gahal Herut) Transport Elimelech Rimalt (Gahal Liberal) Posts Haim Landau (Gahal Herut) Development Moshe Shapira (NRP) Interior (NRP) Social Welfare Zerah Wahrhaftig (NRP) Religions Moshe Kol (Indep. Lib) Tourism

Yisrael Galili (Lab. Ahdut ha Avoda), Shimon Peres (Lab. Rafi) Leo Doltzin (Gahal Without Lib) Portfolio Menahem Begin (Gahal Herut) Victor Shemtov (Mapam) Yisrael Barzilai (Mapam)

Health and Emmigrant Absorption still to be appointed - reserved for Mapam.

6. Changes Dec. 1969 - Dec. 1973 a) Parties

Sept. 1973 Likud - Alignment formed - agreement between Gahal, State List (later La'am), dissident Alignment group, Free centre - altogether 32 Knesset seats. b) Government

30 July 1970 - Gahal withdraws from Government due to Labour acceptance of 'Rogers Plan' (potential retreat from occupied territory). 5 March 1972 - Haim Bar Lev (Labour) Minister of Commerce & Industry - succession to Pinhas Sapir who held post with Finance. 30 Oct. 1973 - Shapiro resigns from Justice, no successor named. 373

7.1973 Knesset Elections

Party/faction No. of seats Labour Mapam Alignment 51 - . Likud 39 NRP 10 Torah Front 5 (Agudat Yisrael + Poalei - Agudat Yisrael) Independent Liberals L. New Communist Party 3 Civil Rights list (breakaway from Labour) 3 Arab lists (affil. to Alignment) 3 Moked 1

8. New Government, March 197k

Coalition dominated by Labour-Mapam Alignment. a) Coalition parties/factions

Labour-Mapam 16 Cabinet positions* NRP 3 of Independent Liberals 2

* 14 Labour, 2 Mapam b) Ministers

Golda Meir (Lab. Mapai) Prime Minister Yigal Allon (Lab. Ahdut ha Avoda) Dep. P. M. & Education Abba Eban (Lab. Mapai) Foreign Affairs Moshe Dayan (Lab. Rafi) Defence Haim Bar Lev (Lab. Mapai) Commerce, Industry, Devel- opment Haim Givatai (Lab. Mapai) Agriculture Shlomo Hillel (Lab. Mapai) Police Aharon Yariv (Lab. Mapai) Transport Shimon Peres (Lab. Rafi) Information Haim Tzadok (Lab. Mapai) Justice (Lab. Mapai) Labour Yehoshua Rabinowitz (Lab. Mapai) Housing Aharon Uzan (Lab. Mapai) Communications Victor Shemtov (Mapam) Health Shlomo Rosen (Mapam) Immigrant Absorption Moshe Kol (Indep. Lib) Tourism 374

Yosef B.ur - (NRP) Interior Yitzhak Raphael (NRP) Religious Affairs Michael Hazani (NRP) Social Welfare (Lab. Yisrael Galili Ahdut ha Avoda) Without Portfolio Gideon Hausner (Indep. Lib)

9. New Government, May 197+

Labour-Mapam Alignment + Small parties (No NRP participation until Oct. 1974). 1 seat majority in Knesset. a) Coaltion parties/factions

Labour-Mapam 16 Cabinet positions* Independent Liberals 2 of of Civil Rights List 1 position * 14 Labour, 2 Mapam. b) Ministers

Yitzhak Rabin t (Lab. Mapai) Prime- Minister Yigal Allon (Lab. Ahdut ha Aboda) Dep. P. M. & Foreign Affairs Shimon Peres (Lab. Rafi) Defence Yehoshua Rabinowit z (Lab. Mapai) Finance & Housing Haim Bar Lev (Lab. Mapai) Industry Aharon Yadlin (Lab. Mapai) Education Gad Ya'covi (Labour) Transport Moshe Baram (Labour) Labour Shlomo Hillel (Lab. Mapai) Police & Interior Aharon Uzan (Lab. Mapai) Agriculture Moshe Kol (Indep. Lib) Tourism Victor Shemtov (Mapam) Health Shlomo Rosen (Mapam) Immigrant Absorption) Avraham Ofer 0 (Lab. Mapai) Communications Aharon Yariv (Lab. Mapai) Information Haim Tzadok (Lab. Mapai) , Justice & Religions Yisrael Galili (Lab. Ahdut ha Avoda) Gideon Hausner (Indep. Lib) Without Portfolio Mrs. Shulamit Aloni (Civil Rights)

10. Changes May 1974 - May 1977

Government

October 1974 - NRP rejoins(Yosef the ruling coalition Yitzhak Old portfolios returned Burg - Interior, Social Welfare) Raphael - Religious Affairs, Michael Hazani - 375

Civil Rights list leaves coalition. Knesset majority rises Avraham Ofer becomes Minister of Housing Information, Jan 1975 Yariv resigns - Yadlin takes over Uzan takes over Communications. Nov. 1975 Zevulun Hamer (NRP) becomes Minister of Social Welfare (following death of Hazani) Dec. 1976 NRP Ministers resign - Rabin Govt'* continues as caretaker admin. until May 1977 elections. Jan. 1977 Avraham Ofer commits suicide.

11.1977 Knesset Elections End of Alignment rule.

Party/faction No. of seats

Likud 43 1) (Herut - 19, Liberals - 15, La'am - 8, Free Centre - Labour Mapam 32 Democratic Movement for Change 15 NRP 12 Democratic Front for Peace and Equality 5 Agudat Yisrael 4 Poalei Agudat Yisrael 1 Shlomzion 2 Shelli 2 Flatto-Sharon 1 United Arab List 1 Independent Liberals 1 Civil Rights Movement 1

12. New Government, June 1977

Likud dominated coalition (with religious parties) a) Coalition parties/factions

Likud 9 Ca binet positions NRP 3 to It Independent (Dayan) 1 to position Agudat Yisrael ) Decline participation in Govt. Poalei Agudat Yisrael ) support in Knesset. b) Ministers

Menaham Begin (Likud-Herut) Prime Minister Simha Erlikh (Likud-Liberal) Finance Moshe Dayan (Independent) Foreign Affairs 376

Ezer Weitzman (Likud-Herut) Defence Ariel Sharon (Likud-Shlomzion) Agriculture Yigal Horowitz (Likud-La'am) Commerce, Industry, Tourism) Zevulun Hamer (NRP) Education-& Culture Yosef Burg (NRP) Interior & Police Aharon Abu Hatzeira (NRP) Religious Affairs David Levi (Likud-Herut) Immigrant Absorption Yitzhak Moda' i (Likud-Liberal) Energy & Infrastructur; Gideon Patt (Likud-Liberal) Construction Eliezer Shostak (Likud-La'am) Health

13" Changes, June 1977 - June 1978

Government

Oct. 1 Democratic Movement for Change joins coalition. Portfolios Yigael s Yadin - Deputy P. M., Shmuel Tamir - Justice, Meir Amit - Transport and Communications, Labour & Social Betterment. - Jan. 1978 Likud additions to Cabinet : Haim Landau (Herut) Moshe Nissim (Liberal) and - Ministers Without Portfolio.

14. Knesset vote on Camp David accords and disbandment of Sinai settlements, 28-9-78 (from Ha-aretz 29-9-78 P. 2) Party/faction Likud For Against Abstain He rut 12 Liberals 4 5 15 - - La' am 1 4 Ahdut 3 1 - - NRP 5 3 4 Democratic Movement for Change 7 - - Dayan 1 - - Agudat Yisrael 4 - - Poalei Agudat Yisrael - 1 - COALITION TOTAL 46 11 13 Alignment Labour 19 43 Map am 5 Shai 7 Democratic front for Peace and Equality _4 Minor factions 7 OPPOSITION TOTAL 38 8 !}. ' 377

APPENDIX III

The Refugees

a) The Impact of the June 1967 War on Villages in the Ramallah and Districts -A 39 Village Survey.

b) Accuracy of UNRWARefugee Statistics - Extracts from UNRWAReports. 378

III (a) Ramallah-Jerusalem village survey undertaken for UNRWA by Antranik Bakerjan (Ramallah area officer) to assess the impact of the June 1967 (on hostilities - June/July 1967 his own initiative).

Source - Antranik Bakerjan file, UNRWA, Ramallah

N. B. 'outside' = outside Jordan (included in pre-war village populations). left = fled.

Abu Qash

Prewar pop. 700, all remained. One house burnt because of war action. 5 families reported in immediate need - lists will be provided. Abu Shukheidem

600-200 Red Prewar pop. left - War did not touch village- Crescent Society have assisted 150 persons, in village. Abwein pop. Prewar 1500 - some left - 300 villagers understood to be working outside - olives and olive oil main'sources of livelihood - 100 reported, in immediate need. Ain Arik

Prewar pop. 1300. Approximately 150 people fled - some 1000 stayed - war did not touch village. 3 searches of willage were made and considerable looting of houses and shops has been reported. Is said that village was stopping point for people evicted from Imwas,, Beit Nuba, Yalu-- this caused considerable damage to the groves of the village. Estimated 30 people from the village are employed outside.

Atara "

Prewar pop. 1500 - 200 left, 1300 stayed - 30 villagers by reported employed outside - village not touched war - equivalent of 62 rations given to village council to be distributed to most needy.

Beit Duggu touch Prewar pop. 750.450 stayed - 300 fled - War did not village - searches for arms made - no looting of houses or shops reported - 50 villagers employed outside - Live-- lihood depends mainly on grapes and plums - on whole village can manage self for 3-4 months. Immediate assistance given to 10 families. - 379

Befit Illu

searched Prewar pop. 950 - 250 fled, 700 stayed - village' - 1 house demolished - 85 villagers reported to be outside in employment. Most other em(88 loyables worked in area's stone quarries - 26 families persons) reported in immediate need 2 rations issued to them. Beitin

Prewar pop. 1200 - 250 left, 950 remained - 200 in Americas and support their families - War did not touch village. Many of its houses which were occupied by Arab Army personnel stationed in vicinity now used by I. D. F. (Tzahal). These houses reported to have suffered considerable internal damage.

Beitounia

Prewar pop. 2500 - very few left -1 house demolished - reported that there are 1,000 who live, work abroad and send money to relatives - some 120 persons reported in extreme need - 125 rations extended to Mayor. Befit 'Ur Fauga

450 Prewar pop. 700-250 left and remained - 37 villagers reported to work outside - War did not touch village - though all vacated for several days and returned. But` no looting reported. Fruits and olives main source of livelihood*- 53 families (140 persons) reported in immediate rrations need - issued. Beit 'Ur Tahta

Prewar pop. 1400.1050 remained"-'was fighting in and around village and one woman killed. Whole population fled for safety with exception of some elderly people who stayed behind. No houses demolished. Villagers who fled returned 4 after days. Village was searched, considerable looting has been reported. Livelihood dependent mainly on agriculture. General need - 95 12 rations given to most needy. Bi'lin

Prewar pop. -600.103 persons reported needy. j rations issued..

Bir Nabala

Prewar pop. 1000 - 700 remained - War did not touch village - searches were made, no looting reported. Livelihood of village derived mainly from immigrants outside,, particularly in the Americas. General condition of"village appears satisfactory, 100 persons reported in immediate need, names will be provided. 380

Bir Zeit

Pre-war pop. 2200 excluding. the refugees. 800 reported to be outside - some shooting during war - but neither village injured houses nor villagers - need for immediate assistance - equivalent of 125 rations issued to Mayor.

Burn a Prewar 850- 100 left, pop. 15 employed outside - war did not touch village - olives and olive oil main source of livelihood - no immediate assistance reported. Deir 'Ammar Village

400 Prewar pop. 970 - left, 570 stayed. Main livelihood of village dependent on agriculture and products damaged - 38 families (81 persons) issued 12 rations. Deir Eireer

Prewar pop. 1965 - 496 left, 123 employed outside. War did not touch village - some need for immediate assistance exists which is under examination.

Deir Abu Mash' al

Prewar pop. 1100,950 remained, 150 fled - War cad not touch village, villagers gave up whatever arms they had - no searches and no looting - main livelihood of village derived from 40 olive groves - working outside. General need because of economic circumstances. Deir Ibza'

Prewar pop. 700.100 fled, °600 remained. War did not touch village. Little looting search was carried out. It is -a reported that some 40 villagers are employed outside. Livelihood mainly depends on olive trees general need (100 - - 24 families persons), most needy promised rations. Deir Qaddis

1100.500 600 Prewar-pop. left - stayed - much firing directed at village duri war because of existence of (in military post village). Fortunately no direct hits'on village itself - had to be evacuated for 3 days for safety of population - 30-40 reported working outside. "Livelihood derived mainly from agriculture, olive trees. 101 (persons) reported extremely needy - 12 rations issued. Dura E1' Qare'

Prewar pop. 700,100 left - 70 are immigrants in States supporting their families Main employment of people in . was stone-crushing. Some need for immediate assistance found to exist. 70 rations issued for assistance. 381

El Jeeb

Prewar pop. 1200 -. 1000, remained,, 200 left, mostly for their employment outside. Warýdid not=touch village - said that 1 stray shell hit a house and 1 man was killed- 3 searches of village made and 1 shop looted. Livelihood of village dependent mainly on employment as stone- dressers and construction workers - 25% pop. dependent on agriculture - village has enough means to provide for pop. for a month - some 100 persons reported extremely needy - aid promised. Im Safa

Prewar Pop-(30 300 - 280 stayed - no damage reported - 10 families persons) issued 2 rations. Jammala

Prewar k50.50 400 pop. fled, stayed - main livelihood of is village agriculture - products were damaged - 23- families (44 persons) issued 2 rations.

Jani a

All roads to village passable only with difficulty - prewar pop. 550 - some 250=fled: because of poverty,,, 300mremained.; searched Warýdid not touch village. Was - no looting reported - Livelihood dependent onýolive trees and casual employment - 100 persons of the most needy assisted with 2 rations. Jeebya - Prewar 100 pop. - all remained - war did not touch village - no need for immediate assistance.

Jifna ý: 850 Prewar pop. - 50 left, 300 reported to be working outside. War did not touch village need for immediate assistance - 60 - equivalent of rations allocated to village poor. Judeira 450 Prewar pop. - all stayed - no villagers reported working outside - most employed as: stone dressers. War did not touch village arms handed Village can - available over. -- provide for its pop. for 2-3 months. Some 20 families reported in extreme need - further verification needed. Kherbeth Abu Falah

Prewar pop. 1400. ?All-people stayed.. War, did not touch main village. No searches and no looting - livelihood derived from agriculture - general need because of economic j circumstances - 140 rations promised to most needy. 382

Kharbata

Prewar 1100 600 left 500 pop. - some, - stayed behind --110, - villagers reported to be, working outside. Villagers, had to, vacate for 1st 2 days of war because of danger of fighting in area -, no looting reported and no damage to houses because of war - Village has enough to live on for next 1-2 months - no immediate need for assistance. Kufr Ni'meh

Prewar pop. 1200. All stayed with, exception", of a=few married to join-husbands women who escaped working in the East Bank. - War did not touch village.. No searches looting were. _made and no reported. Livelihood of village depended on olive trees reported that 10 - villagers employed outside - general need - 200 12 rations issued. Nabi Saleh

Prewar pop. 350 - 100, left, 250 remained- did touch war not village - 15-villagers reported to be working outside. No immediate need for assistance., Ni'lin

Prewar 3,500 pop. - now approx. 1500-2000 left - all villagers had. to flee for 1st 2-3 days war because of danger - no damage to houses by war action reported was some looting of valuables from - village houses - village school badly ransacked - livelihood of village depended on olive trees and cactus. 20 persons reported to be working outside. Considerable need because 2 of present economic circumstances. 300 rations promised. Rammoun

Prewar pop. 1700 - none left -6 villagers because of war action - many who escaped from Ramallah district passed through here No looting - reported - main livelihood agriculture and money from abroad. All harvest burned because of war actions - need exists - 150 rations issued to village council.

Ras Karkar

Prewar 725 300 left, 425 pop. - some stayed - war did not touch village - search was made, 2 houses looted villagers to be -'25 reported working outside. General need - 100 of most needy assisted with 2 rations. Shabt in

Prewar pop. 370.120 left, 250 remained. War did not touch village. Village was hearched, no looting reported. Livelihood depended on olives and some vegetables, mainly tomatoes and potatoes. Is a very abundant supply of water in village and their condition does not appear to merit any immediate assistance. 383

Shiba

Prewar pop. 1700 - some 800 reported to have'fled- present pop. 900 - 200 of villagers reported to be working outside, mostly in Kuwait. War did not touch village and no looting reported. Was very substantial number of livestock around the village. General situation of village does not appear to merit immediate assistance. Surda 650 Prewar pop. - none left - 35 reported employed outside - most employables are labourers - village not touched by war - some need for immediate assistance reported.. Taibeh

Prewar pop. 1700 - 500 left. One house hit by war action, injuries no reported. Similarly, no looting - village again on road to Jericho and therefore the stopping point for all escapees - groves of the village and its-field products are reported to have suffered considerably from the fleeing people. Village maintains there is considerable need for assistance - further examination needed. Turmos Ayya

Prewar pop. 1500 - 100 left, 1400 stayed -1 person killed during war, no looting reported.

` ,. r 384

III (b)

UNRWA comments on the accuracy of'Ägency statistics and on

attempts at rectification 1961-1969.

Extracts from Annual Reports of the Commissioner General

of UNRWA.

1. Report for 1 July 1960-30 June 1961 General Assembly

Official Records : 16th Session Supplement No. 14 (A/4861)

Paragraph 41 - "Present registration statistics are subject to three major sources of inaccuracy s a) a backlog of false

registrations which occurred with the initial inscription

of refugees and which have not been eliminated in spite

of repeated efforts by the Agency=, b) a substantial

accumulation of unreported deaths of, the past eleven years=

who should be from the and c) persons eliminated ration . rolls on grounds of income. On present, indications it_is

not possible to provide any. dependable estimate for. the

categories (a) and (c). Without a general investigation-,,

into the individual circumstances of at least a., large-sample

of the refugee community any figure for these categories

could only be conjectural. The Agency has; of-course

attempted to undertake such an, investigation., on several

occasions in the past but has been forced to desist because

hostile reactions among the refugees or untoward; develop-

ments on the political plane caused, the governmental,,:,,

authorities concerned to decide that the time. was not

opportune. However, it is possible to give a. rough indic-

ation of the magnitude of the inaccuracy arising from

unreported deaths (category (b)-above). During the, past 385 eleven years the average rate of deaths reported to the

Agency has been 5 per thousand among ration recipients, their babies and children. Whatever improvement may have been brought about in the health conditions of the:: refugees -- the above figure is obviously unrealistic-and indicates that at least 100,000 dead persons must now figure on the Agency's rolls (although it should be recognized that some of the families concerned contain entitled persons, especially children, not presently receiving rations)".

2. Report for 1 July 1965 - 30 June 1966 General Assembly Official Records : 21st Session Supplement No. 13 (A/63'13)

Paragraph 22 - "In Jordan no systematic reverification (of ration rolls) has been possible since 1953 when disorders in the refugee camps caused the Government to call a halt to UNRWA's efforts to carry out a general scrutiny of ration entitlements. Subsequent attempts to'deal with particular- elements of the problem, such as the activities of the so- called merchants, who traffic in ration cards and rationed commodities and who have a vested. interest in the existing inaccuracies in the rolls have also often-failed, owing to -. adverse reactions among the refugees., - However, towards the end of the period covered by this-, report the Government and the Agency were able to agree in pursuance of resolution

2052 (XX), on joint measur6sto verify (a) the continued presence in Jordan of persons suspected of having left the country and (b) the continued existence and presence-of all families registered for rations. But shortly before-the submission of this report the implementation of°these, 386

measures was temporarily deferred, at the Government's

request.

3. Report for 1 July 1967 - 30 June 1968 General Assembly Official Records s 23rd Session Supplement No. 13 (A/7213)

Paragraph 9- "In Jordan there were some 724,000 refugees

registered with UNRWA before the hostilities, including

persons who were temporarily resident outside the Agency's

area of operations. After the exodus to east Jordan, the

number of registered refugees still residing on the West

Bank is estimated by the Agency at about 245,000 and the

number in east Jordan at about 455,500, plus some

38,500 registered refugees from Gaza who have entered

east Jordan since the hostilities. However, the total

figure of 494,000 refugees will include some, unreported

deaths and absences.

Paragraph 10 - At the time of writing this. report the sit-

uation in east Jordan is still confused as a result of the movements of population that have continued throughout the year

and the difficulty of obtaining accurate figures. In addition to the 494,000 registered refugees shown in UNRWArecords as novP located in east Jordan, the Government of Jordan has registered some 237,500 displaced persons from the West Bank plus about 8,500 displaced persons from Gaza, a total of

246,000 displaced persons - which, when added to the

494,000 UNRWAregistered refugees would bring the total number of refugees and displaced persons, living in east

Jordan to 740,000 - However, there is, doubtless, some duplication between the UNRWA registrations and those of 3 87

the Government as well as within each group, and efforts

are now under way to identify and eliminate these extra

registrations --".

4. Report for 1 July 1968 - 30 June 1969 General Assembly Official Records : 24th Session Supplement No. 14 (A/7614)

43 Paragraph - Eligibility and Registration - "In east Jordan, Gaza and the West Bank the Agency's main effort was

directed to restoring order in registration records, which

had been thrown into confusion by the mass-movements of

population which followed the 1967 hostilities. Correl-

ation of records of rations distributed in these three areas

revealed many discrepancies, such as duplicate issue of

rations and failures by whole families to collect rations,

and these had to be investigated with the families concerned.

To facilitate and speed-up corrections of the records,

the refugees in Gaza and the West Bank were invited to declare

the names of any previously unreported dead, absentees and

other ineligible persons recorded on the registration cards

and to nominate eligible children to receive any rations which became available as a result. The co-operation -- was most encouraging, and from the rations saved as a result of these voluntary declarations and other corrective action the Agency has been able, since July 1967 to issue 22151 rations on the

West Bank and 13403 rations in Gaza to cId.idren registered with the Agency --"

Note - No mention of such corrective action in east Jordan. 388

APPENDIX IV

Jordan East Bank data . : concerning displaced person numbers, refugee

camp populations and Jordan Rift

hostilities during the War of Attrition. 389

IV a) Displaced Person Statistics

Source i Supreme Ministerial Committee for Displaced Persons (Amman)

N. B. Govt. = Governorate 390

O 0 Y1v-+0% O PIn'*t"O oMt. /p N '000 w a0 w o Ne P. Vfv N P"4 -10000in M 'o in %0 f in 00 " in " .0NNP. O P. h M Vf aOa P Vf to00N " N 1010 M M N 00 r 10 0 "'00 v MN PN"y P) %0 PI! V M in p " NNN P N N N M N 0 N " O " Q

40 CO ' 0D00 00 4 O OP PLO 00 M P. N E inM %O. -0 of Q nP V Vf 10 00 P N 10 P qv .0PP OO N Mh 0 N y Yf O an P 'O-' P 10 wP NO N 0.) M N'0 P PP P. N 'O (y r' 'ý N .r .ý P IV in V N M

" y 4 N/. N M h y O "'/ "'/ / N/ / P -11//11/1 -o P O CO Y 1A 1 " - ý+ O N O y Y .rN N M :L O a o " u NM/ M/ / SA N/ 11111/1 N PP /O 1 Vf

Ü

w

" O N O-5O 0 NM0 '/ 00 N V. ao P. P P p 'O ý+ M'40' N MMN*N h w-M Y) ao .

y Y !ý 4

v " t o " "^ NPMG '4 NN- MN 1N N NN N h P i E N N NN +' M eo N w o y 0 w m P. N 'O MMN V1 N V) Pr l* P-l ýO 'Oo hN 00 a0 N' z_ Pof - P. N'O O N0 00 MP 0'0 f O MP N - - N NN M (21 " %0%0 99 V) NM 10 MMO M P- - P N S. N NN Of A Y r e7 M a

O " 00 P. N in NP0N NN in 'O M N %OP 0N P. N MN a0 a0 N In PLO Vf M In N N E .r '000 -N ", . /n M N n O " .n /n ".. NM - Nw N-+ O N V) 0 " P P P, O 1OP M M w /q N NO MN 00 N 00 V) yN -O 00 N N 1O O' MP In OO w /, l+) U) V. - 00 N I'. P 0 OM - -' a ' " ,M N 'O f. WI) wN 0 PMNN ý' 'O 00 CO) CO ý-4 M 1'9 "' .0N in ý N N w N M P - - to a

o "Y

N -4 ON0 Uf 0 in '45 ao -0 N OP . 00P h P. %C Hf NNN/. CO In O E Si) r. 'O w le NN M r' G N (U)N N 0 hN V Os 4'wa yl M as N N

O" yN N*POOf P Ow O-r t. ýF M"NP O Vf a0 M M M Eo '000010 00 P 000.00 X00 M aO, O. 0 ao vv P n M " M -- 00 MM O P. O Si) 0' "5 NP ao N -O on 'O p` r' EY P -O en a0 M. 0 h in of MNNMNN co 'OM P O N ä NN h - M N N y

Oy Y

;~ N In 0N 00 P MYOP OO N SO SO (UN E N Yf 10 NMN in 0 P. n N in 0 V) %p 10 P N " fn ýa V y N 10 MAO h ": in 10 ý+ M0 N on fy .r ýO w NNM w y , M .r .r- N N 00 P P . ! N

M O

y a E0'12 . e ^ýaý Vf Yi "N " " y ý"" Sý Oy !i "E aý E., st v' AA // r o Yw y YZA ,;, 7y A7 F N H y y V 11 7yUONy= O Y" 40 41 O y 391

C . O ý+ ""+ A Uf en fN P0 'O P 'O MM 1N N - Pf M in "O Y N .O Yf N In N NP N' In 0NP- l7 ' Co, "O "O y "" """ PON Vf Ne i0 N Vf 1n 17 Nf '! M "O O N N 1s 0 .r 0. 00 en f -4 f "O 0 - 40 NMN N ""+ M 10 P" A NN++ P N h N M N O M N O M N b u ý+ "'ý NNhO P + a0 00 N 1A NPP Vf e 00 ! tV ': N a0 "n 00 P O IIf N '0' -p * 1N OO .O P IN N "O Vf M .O M P P ^! P "O '! MMN "O .O Co fs "O N 0 t2 0 NO Vf "O -"1 "O

N C O 54 h"1"11"1" V P. 1O"1 ~ Sn t" N IA N es "r in 'O - .n OP O. 1. Y4 - a a "

W a O

. -" N P. 1 00 M ny 0' m1 .p"1 P9 N11111111 'O (10 + . "+ a. l Sn . 1. o "e c, w

N 0 o hN+O 0 0F y0 ow P- a0 P P dO N P 1A """ý "+ 1 C MMN ý" N h 0' M r' "ý .0 in 'G r' M w Y 2 N V H - - Y ýe a

W a

o Mu - "-1 O 'O M Co - in - - le N p' - (+n N1N P NN " fN N 0. Nf e7 10 N y. ,, .ý O "1

h C 00 Vf .DMMM aO P 00 0' fs 40 0' fN ""ý O 00 4. N 00 - 1N N "O 00 - 00 P0N 00 P "O V* "O .OP Y1 N 00 u .O en MNN - MMPM 1'y NM0 P. aD ""ý O 00 00 .ý 4 N N N- M N - N 00 1+ N N W Y - 00 f". N 1N NPNNON Ve "O M P .OP Vf IA ý "O POP 0' M '+ 'O 00 OMP "O 00 %n "O OG N Vf N 00 P N .. " t" M 6 '""ý M M "T l'7 "O "1 N - - -e s9 fV N Vf O I

0 en P0 10 M r' 0' V" P "O 40 M in CO N 00 V 1. N P 0 N  - Sn ~ 'O Vf - aD Vf 00 Yf .OM "G 1/f -NNN O' "". t0 Pf .O b M 40 V N .Ohh! N N PMNN "'+ "O CO ý+ 00 O" +N+ O N 0F N N 00 .ý . '+ 10 "n °ý 0 W M O Y N .r s -n0P Co of 0 v1 in P .ON o0 "O OP O ! ýO O N .r N0P .0 1N in N .O "O "- V' NN ""+ ^4 ""+ - '* "O r' M M ". 4 NMON 0 Nf "-. P b' ^ in in - N M O ý0 0 w

O R; a0 a0 .O a0 in P of O "O N0 of Nf "0 SA 0- fN O n "O O ao 0. oo .O m In oo v-n ao .O "O "O ao n Jf M N P MM (4 Co 1, hPNP Co N "O O Vf .O h b. m 10 PM 'O N V) MNN M- N Co .O 00 O" 'O N E IU N N - M N N 12 a

W O y u t" a0 Co - Y) O 00 NO . u) N 1N M ! P °' O Y . q "r '0e ""ý N of 00 NN 0' ""ý en "* oD 1ý P NCO ýO "ýy "O M "r MO M V) O N ýO h "r V) N 00 o .OM .OPHM ýA M ""y '4' y. In - O

µ' - N

Fý u

M sM Q M . ""1 oti Ö al """ý 1""ý so Vtu so A A A O /to to `+ M n .C M Q . ra < M.5 i. B 0 N 0 - too r+ . a to V))x 0 N HM YI l0 1 O 1" 7C ! O 10 I- O "e -U .+ of ". + ".+ 10 M 'C M """ N 7W.. " " M . -" .. 4 dt c"44 1G 10 u M F. S. .C.. 1+ "+ O+ AQ ti -NON. 0 N .07 O 7"O a 4 - m u Co .. S 0 ý-Yi JK a0xo D iF +CY i-. : of G 392

IV b) UNRWAEast Bank camp populations, 1971 - 1976

Source : UNRWA (Amman)

N. B. Pers. _ persons

Fam. _ families

Regstd. _ registered

Un. r. pers. of = unregistered persons of reg. off f. registered official families

Unof. _ unofficial

D. P. = displaced person

See figure 24 for camp locations (A. N. C. and Jabal Hussein both in Amman) 393

y ?ý< 4CP.0 n40 of40 A aD O O O Vf a'7 df N O -0 N N P in P V0 -+ so .. - N - O 1~ J 11

M

F 0 x N z ö N

U N a0 P N yý O of II 'o 0. eo 'o 14 ý+ ' N M q p. e7 w O - ao N O 'O 1F O - N - .r

G J of a0 . N NO O O F a0 h 1ý O. ýO of w O 1 - n of of ýr of EF ao .4 .4 '0 In -0 00

OL " V I

z '1 UI Z 0 z 0 z O - O N oc ý 0 n zW O w a o oO 1" N o o n

S' W Q O m - M N o t- a< N

N

UOz V{y a F O - A 'O 1- vý M {tý o w o In o N "'+.7 M ýO -+a0 O 0O W CY gyp. Z M h Vf -+ M M .r -1 'O N .i w W U a O O t% Z N Z Z N N E z "ý N F_ a

O a O 11 "' " N O O h O P O. u N 1 '0 0 'w .. .ý % Co "M v Z tý in -+ x p en a

00 a

z o c O <º. 2 a u a 0 to o e a U w a w w 4 a 4 a w 0

Z s

i N M J N .. 'ýF V1 394

1 N O 'O N N e r, P O P " P O N ro O O 00 00 00 r N KA C '0 N fJG ty` M in P N ýO N f ! 10 aD M '0 M in Co - y t> M h c" oD < b IL M N r Co h N - 0 N N O w,7 g N Cr - M o M N M en m o o a Z M 00 N N 10 in N Co * OD 0 00 C V <, a< P h P l+f of N M '+ y P 00 P Vf w C M r N N P N N M N O .r M ü M O P N P 00 O `P Vf P N P P C wY N e7 M * P N N P 1N r' 0 N N O P M P M P 0 N ! in Vf M N 0 N - IA 10 M - r' .r ý' wv < 11 wo * y C O OO N r ,D in 1- CO Cw.. y I, ^ 0 an O ýO r' 1 lV 00 M le ' , O n of P YV9 < ^ r i{ .: _ I +. N N -aä n P n 00 0 M P N yý O, (ý N 'ý C> fý ýO ä M 'ý' P 11 r N N ýO P N N QhY a ýj ! '7 NV C O P M N {I C of N M C of en ! MO 0 C'ý- - N r M v 6! ýr O 9- C n - C '0 '0 v P in 0 Ir 0 bo ,1 O 1 in. O a- U O N 'O w 'O C e UY N N aee E a -- a N vE V 11 N P Uli d' N a0 qqY N Ce O 0O P le r C o 0O 0O 0 0 ., a a 1 " . . I 0 u3M q ä N - y in ! ,)/ aNw c I P P o c a eh '. ýn r n P .pY p N Co r O' 00 00 < in 'O '0 ~ M .0a 11 aY j, 00 Co P C P N N N CO N C 0 P ý" Ye N M O - 00 0 CO Co y O * 10 1N In ä C M N N r {{ M 10 N 0 N N C .Qpbd tV V 00 P o0 C ä M in 'O q r Co aE m I. 10 lT a .! N u a0 P O P 'w N P '0 N P r N '0 yý r 00 in . N M O P O in 00 00 P z1Y < p 10 -* P N r N r M. ^ 00 C V) < o w M M r N N 11 h N Hf .0oY N CYLY N C N 00 {= P 00 0 P " 'O - ür as N 0 O - P 1 1' 11 N - N NYY P C 11 Vf - ý M ý+ 1/ ~ N ,e N aarr T.. 7 Err (ý N To.. Gý " ü w 0 pý ýh P O M N an N O h P Co, w '0 10 M 0') 0 P N N N N O CY"r7. z w MaVL t P r tl U1 N 14- P P - M - YY p36v w uaýo N y V) OD 00 OD 00 N V) M 'O N N r N raY Ya a, j to .. w a - e o M ý N ". 'O N P '0 U) Qý P a0 ýO P 0') ry h 00 N CO äE GY - G ý M - q I 0') C o"', U ' `p I I Ea-r 7 81 0uVpT w U O O .r w in - - y in 'O M P C K3aa W 1+1 r' 0 < . 00 00 -, 4. - N M M "'ý 'O --o cc 'O N - w f{ P - P Hf a 64 Vr Y. .y N +1 p! 1+ av L . a" to is N O P 0 < ý+ 'O v) 'O of w '0 '0 P scu N C r ! 1- '0 1 N - M Co 1N P h a ýO ýO N N N N w O r N 19 'O CO UVrrY r h a0 w O 11 in N N N. 00 00 4 N r ~ 11 1'9 G Aaa < L. 11 rVa G öa 2 2 a`=a Vy P P N P 11 - .p C N M P M N r 11 o-e w < t" 0` "'- '0 M Os 00 00 N T 10 t"9 .. M 0 raa0 ö O u. 1. C - `p 0 M P in N M N + N P of .. e4 O 0 a, C. N -YEALya-r

7Uaä w 11 äY

º" a"0r Y=M _varE ' °'L 4 F výinF

OO N N "O OO P + O P ID N P 1. j N ID P /D M P O N Vf ,. fl m r '0 H CO M N N "O p N P P - 'O N 0 h a 0 ö t* "O M h U) N y CO M en "O Co W M N ^I - U) in - N 94 0 y N U Q O h ao M Co N f- O 0 P M P SO ^ E"+ v Co N M Co An h 0 Co 0 10 A L U ý < r, vl P N I N P ao 0 In ' < IF M '+ N N h N "-ý N M OD O

r O N 1N N P n 4n O P N N r, U) r "O - P P I' f- 10 O V1 1ý 5') eý 00 M N O O N I' N M N ýI O P M M N O M "- N 10 in - I' N N - r' a + "! N a A N 1, P P < -F r, "ý M IA 00 N aD O 94 p 2 M N 0` P P ^ 10 `p O - r zZ "0 - 1 N 10 0 "' CO - e 0 w . -ý ý"+ r .r N - 10 0 N a' p P N P P Si) P 0 P in M '0 P c f' M U) 00 M p in P M 10 40 M 'O 1º" 1 .i pC, Vý O P M 00 p t4 - U) 1N w N O N N CO) P O

V w a o .r N M In M MA 8 44ýo t' ,ý ao a 1/1 P C. 'ý . 1k N Q N , N N N Si) N M ý" O N P M ý M M 1 1 1 1 1 N "O a w o Co O N 10 ao - - Co P "r I' Y) M . lw- ! -! M 49 V 11 w 1A P N N 00 V1 10 '0 i 1 1 1 Np ý w 1 1 00 OD CO - I' N w 0' Q V' U) "r N O "G P

yý P O P M 11 P P M P ^ý IA M P 0 M V) 0 p "O U N 'O P M M M M 0 O P P M p 1ý Co - !N M M N N V' of N N N P aD a M N "-1 - Co 11 d' - N N "ý

'0 0 N 0 M 'V" Y) P N in e7 00 - ýUO+ i "O N 00 N w N - Co %0 "O '0 Z 10 V' N - O 11 P - N N Co - an "O F w 0 V) ý t4 c4 11 c4 te "ý a N w p N N 90 N 0 r' Q "0 A Co P N Q P P P O (4 Z 1 1 -I N 1 tN 0 M 1' """' N en r' iL rý .1 11 N

o w 10 M rlý a" N 10 N N ! ^ N o ' w O - .i e Co 1 n C 7 < It) w N "-ý a P n v N c c4n Co u ^" -1 gn N

CLI 11 N V1 00 P le M 'O. 11 P P N 00 Ci v ýO - M PG N M 90 N N 11 V0 '0 10 P N "G A NN 0% 0% P y) - fN e 5 N P in I' - o0 11 - ýF "" "0 ,,,,ý 11 w tM' 11 w y 11 x 1` w le Co 1r N C') a Co P ao v> 0 , 'r N w a0 P 0 M N it N "0 N P ,wM N P N ti 00 11 Co - - 0` ý' .ý . N ~ M U) 'O '0 O 11 P N - in 10 1+) - N . 94 M M "-1 -r O 11 N M 00 0 ýO O ý 0 O am u) V' P P 11 CO N N P N "O G a0 P ~ . -W- eh in N N n 'O N 00 - N - ý! ^ý "G 11 r5) - 10 V N N N M M 0 a 10 5 P 1/) P -e -ir 00 N CO M ö M N p P V0 Co M P P Z .G '0 P V) O N I O N N 10 d' `0 C 0 M N "r N O 11 V> "^ý "r N 0 N

N

11 q

Q u p t% ý, tA12 W N 4 a N yj .r 1 O _ - y ' M ' p y p q o yl Ä a z x' N M l O o w 7 F . V . o . w V ý ý Ä ä F < N 11 J 00 x e F 0 p A p W N M Vý N W ý+ ... N a) V0 in "0 to '' p ýS 396

a a M N M 'O n Vf r M o Mf a0 O' - .O N 0 .O O O 0' P n of M A y 0 M 0 Co M .0 QO M N P ý+ N In < a -p ,O M In 0' " '1' P t9 O ýO off ('+ 4 M N ~ M ~ ~ N A "Ni N 1 F 2 01 - M 00 N 00 10 N 0 Co - i O1 N 0 0O N M 00 (; w 'r M 0 N -O n ; + r' 0 Co n 0 ýO a< Iii 'O 'M - N - n N - N M a0 O' N

O' O N N 1 ý' N n - O' M In N M V) Oý O Vf M N N ä n M '! pp ý"ý O Oý M a0 ýO Oý n 00 'O N 0 O% + N y O N2! -e 10 Yf Z M ry '0P .1 ' n - N w vl' O' n O' - 00 Co N < n O n N O O y r O M wf O 10 Z F' k. - - + x .o o' -" n O .o p w

U) y O ' N n - 0' M In 'O P 00 '0 O 0 M a n M 0') U) (2' en N - O' n 10 . j pc 1O .0 w < ä ' O o. . 00 0 -'ý * n '0 - m ö - N N M n Q N w U.w v- n - N w N ýO M N n in 0 M n V n 'O w n U) 0 0' - '0 ON N n II .ý .ý .ý in O' < ` II a y r n '0 n ° N °° 0 ýn C.) n tn V)- .00 n M 00 Vf 00%nýn a0 O' In m M O 11 00 0! V M M _ 00 '0 In N '0 00 Nf N (4 . . . . 0 '0 0 N M h' 00 00 O ' U) n ".. o a v) N0r M" O n 'O Z -1 1 O y* M c> Co M n N 00 N n 0 '0 e m M aD M - - N 'O N - M 0 O 00 in 0' M (> N 'O M u) N u) '0 11 0! - 00 a0 0 r' 0 M N r 00 0' CM 00 n an 11 O 0' N 'O N n M n n * O ao O

2 N 00 - 0 F (4 d' M N + + N N M N w }! N 00 N N 1 O. N w V) e0 n O' O' I O N 1 1 - 8 «) - y ' Z M Vý " O M 1+) 'N' w L4 ~ N N V . 1k a .r 0' 'o o' u o N . 1" 00 Un i w ., p w Ow N -e. m00 , In00 00 U) N00 00 - a .a N -p 00v)

11 < L4 y 'ýF n n '0 'F "+ O0 - O' 'O M P M w M tM 10 in n O - O iA n N O V) n O' '0 O 0e e4 - V' N In N Z M Or 0' .r n M - V)

00 N O 00 90 Y1 0' 00 '0 N 00 00 'O * N - M - 00 M M n < 10 - - Iff

O - m - of O> In Z - N n n 10 O 00 M n O 0' 0F N O N 010 ä 0' T N V' 01 1 Os v) M 0 00 'O O - 3 0 0 * 00 O` ,,, 'O N3 Oý - 00 a0 n N N - - n1 1 M

I N N N OD N V0 N N n p I M V1 O' U) 00 00 r- Y) "n Co in . n M Oý V) Vf N N O '0 O w - 'O M N .r "r 0.11 h "r !V y 92 N

to

x '" to V O "j N, w -N x u a r o a a. < y M Z ýe v wx 2 ß+ x 0 F Q. M a pa ~ O a 1i Ox a' v w7 O N II 4) m ' h te, F oc m e4 F h a o w N M Co) N "r N M M V) 10 N r 397

IV c) War of Attrition s Jordan Army G. H. Q. record of incidents in the Ghor as Safi region (South Dead Sea), January 1970.

See figure 26 for locations 398

3-1-1970 Two hours artillery shelling of Ghor as Safi area.

5-1-1970 Artillery shelling of Ghor as Safi - fires in the crops.

8-1-1970 Artillery shelling of Ghor as Safi - crops destroyed.

9-1-1970 Artillery shelling of Fifi village 1 civilian wounded and crops destroyed. Shelling all day.

10-1-1970 Artillery shelling of area to west of Ghor as Safi (abutting the border with Israel - Al Basatin).. Crops destroyed.

14-1-1970 a) Artillery attack on Fifi b) Air raids on Fifi c) Artillery attack on Safi village and on police post. in 15-1-1970 Artillery attack on Safi - fires the crops and 60 camels killed.

16-1-1970 Artillery attack on Al Basatin.

17-1-1970 Artillery shelling of Safi and police post. Crops destroyed.

19-1-1970 Artillery shelling of Safi and Fifi. Fires in the crops.

20-1-1970 a) Artillery attack and air raids on Ghor as Safi area. Car destroyed and driver killed. Enemy forces b) 1900 hours - 2300 hours. (armoured vehicles) crossed cease fire line after artillery shelling - entered Safi village.

21-1-1970 Orders given to Jordan units to oblige enemy to withdraw from Safi. Battle started 0335 hours and continued to 0730 hours. Enemy compelled to withdraw. 2 killed in operation, 9 injured.

24-1-1970 Air raids on Ghor as Safi area. Rockets and napalm used. 9 civilians injured and crops destroyed. 1 Israeli aircraft shot down.

25-1-1970 Artillery firing on Safi area (Wadi el Hasa)

26-1-1970 Artillery firing on Ghor as Safi. 399

27-1-1970 Artillery firing - crop destruction. 28-1-1970 Machine gun firing on civilian vehicle in Wadi Khanzira. (c. 20 km south of Ghor as Safi). Car destroyed.

29-1-1970 Artillery firing on police post. 400

APPENDIX V.

Sample Survey of Displaced Persons conducted in Baqa'a refugee camp, Jordan, July 1976.

Questionnaire

English Translation with Results for the full sample.

Original in Arabic 401

Identification of Respondent

Block Number

Shelter Number

Sex

Position in June 1967 household

Date of Interview

Name of Interviewer

Name of Supervisor 402

Concerning Head of Household, June 1967

(1) Sex of household head'

Male 74.8 Female 25.2

(2) Age of household head in June 1967

Mean 39.8 Ranging from 14.0 to 78.0 Normal Distribution

(3) Number of family members in June 1967

Mean 6.16 Ranging from 1-'to 11i Normal Distribution

Number of family members contributing to family income

0-9.2 1- 82.2 2-7.4 3-1.2

Number of family members contributing to family income from. outside the West Bank

0- 84.7 14.1 2-0.6 3-0.6

(4) Household head - level of education in June 1967

Elementary 23.9 Secondary 5.5 Tertiary (not University) 0.0 University 0.0 Without formal education 70.6

(5) Exact employment on West Bank in June 1967 - head of household

Categories based on 1961 Jordan Census

Professional, technical 4.3 (all military) Administrative, managerial 1.2 Clerical 0.6 Sales 1.8 Farmers, fishermen, hunters, related 32.5 403

Miners, quarrymen, related 0.6 Transport 1.8 Craftsmen, production process workers miscellaneous labourers 44.2 Service, sport, recreation workers 0.6 Other (unemployed, students) 12.2

Did you work with a firm with branches on both Banks?

Yes 0.6 Potential 'pulling' factor No 99.4

Were you employed by the Government? %I Yes 4.9 Potential 'pulling' factor No 95.1

(6) Place of Residence on 1 June 1967

Name of town/village Region (figure 12 )

Nablus 22.1, Ramallah 11.7 Jerusalem/Bethlehem 21.5 Hebron 13.4 West Jordan Valley 31.3

(7) Did you possess property (immovable) at your place of residence?

Yes 83.4 Index of tie to No 16.6 home community

Type of Property a) House Yes 83.4 (6.7% tent) No 16.6

Mean number of rooms = 3.10 b) Agricultural Yes 51.3 land No 48.7

Mean holding size = 46.3 dunums c) Business premise Yes 3.7 No 96.3 Shop 2.5 Several shops 0.6 Office + factory 0.6 404

Total value of property in June 1967 (in Jordanian Dinars) ) Mean = J. D. 15,245 (£ 15,245' If the 9 cases giving values of J. D. 100,000+, all except two of which are almost certainly gross distortions, are excluded the mean for the 152 remaining cases = J. D. 4847 (£4,847 ).

Did you possess property (immovable) outside your home region?

Yes 12.3 Potential 'pulling' factor No 87.7 (if outside West Bank)

Type of property

a) House Yes 1.2 No 95.7 Missing Value 3.1

b) Agricultural Yes 7.4 land No 93.1

Mean holding size (for figures given) = 37.8 dunums C) Business premise Yes 0.6 No 99.4 Total value of property outside home region in June 1967 ) Mean (for figures given) = J. D. 2563. (£ 2,563

Location of property outside home region None 87.7 West Bank 8.0 East Bank 3.1 Outside Jordan 0.6 Missing value 0.6

(8) Date of Move

Immediately before War 3.1 (5 During War - 10 June) 85.3 After War (10 June-Dec. 1967) 10.4 1968 - 1971 0.6 1972 - 1976 0.6 Thinking move temporary Yes 93.2 No 6.8 405

Thinking of moving to the East Bank before the War

Yes 3.1 No 96.3

(9) How'did you reach the river Jordan?

Private car 1.2 taxi 8.0 bus 4.3 truck 4.9 walking 75.5 animal 1.2 military vehicle 4.9

(10) Which road did you take to reach the river? Toubas 6.1 Nablus 22.7 Ramallah north 8.0 Ramallah south 4.9 Jerusalem 20.9 Mar Saba 4.9 from Jericho 22.7 Nabi Musa 0.6 Wadi Araba 0.0 Cross-country 6.7 Missing data 2.5

Which bridge did you cross? Damiya 17.8 Allenby 63.2 Amir Abdullah 1.8 fording 14.7 Other 2.5

How many family members were with you at the crossing?

Mean = 5.65 Ranging from 1 to 12 Normal Distribution

(11) Did you have an East Bank destination in mind? Yes 14.1 No 85.9

If yes - name of village/town areas In North Ghor 8.7 " Central Ghor 17.4 Salt-Suweilah 8.7 " Amman 47.8 406

In Zerqa 4.3 " Madaba 4.3 Missing data 8.7

If yes Did you have relatives there? Yes 66.6 Potential 'pulling' factor No 33.3

If yes Did you have acquaintances there? Yes 50.0 No 50.0

(12) Did you have special reason to fear the invaders? (Potential 'pushing' factor)

Because your home region had a history of poor relations with the Jews Yes 27.0 No 73.0

Because you were afraid of maltreatment Yes 99,4 No 0.6

(13) Was there an attack on your home village/town before your move? Yes 35.0 No 63.8 Missing data 1.2 Was there an enemy attack on members of your family before your move? - Yes 19.0 No 81.0

Were you attacked during your move? Yes 84.7 No 14.1 Missing data 1.2

(14) First destination on the East Bank Name of village/town/camp Area summary North Ghor 10.4 ) East Jordan Central Ghor 37.4 ) Valley 407

Irbid 0.6 Suweilah 7.3 Salt 4.9 Amman 25.8 Zerqa 3.1 Madaba 8.0 Kerak 2.4

Date of arrival

Before the war 2.5 5- 10 June 1967 79.1 10 - 20 June 1967 9.2 20 - 30 June 1967 5.5 July - Dec. 1967 2.5 1967 - 1971 0.6 1972 - 1976 0.6

How did you arrive at this place (from the bridges)?

Private car 0.6 taxi 15.3 bus 9.2 truck 9.8 walking 62.0 animal 0.6 military vehicle 2.5

(15) Did you reside in other places on the East Bank in the year which followed the June War?

Yes 99.4 No 0.6

If Yes - Where? (Village/town/camp) Second East Bank Destination 162 cases - 99.4% sample North Ghor 6.7 ) East Jordan Central Ghor 27.0 ) Valley Irbid 1.8 JTerash 4.3 Suweilah (Baqa'a) 22.7 Salt 3.7 Amman 19.1 Zerqa 7. y. Madaba 3.0 Kerak 3.1 Missing data 0.6 408

Arrival Date of % June 1967 31.9 July is 17.2 August 3.7 September 6.7 October 1'. 2 November 0.6 December is 0.6 January 1968 0.6 February , 4.3 March 4.9 June 2.5 July 0.6 After 1968 3.7 Missing data 20.9

Third East Bank Destination 135 cases - 82.8% sample North Ghor 0.7 East Jordan Central Ghor 27.4 Valley Irbid 0.7 Jerash 0.7 Suweilah (Baga'a) 54.8 Salt 3.0 Amman 0.7 Zerqa 9.6 Madaba 0.7 Kerak 1.5 data . 0.7 -Missing Date of, Arrival June 1967 3.0 July 12.6 August 5.2 September 5.2

October 4.4 n December 1.5 January 1968 7.4 February It 12.6 March 8.1 June 0.7 July to 2.2 September will 0.7 October 0.7 November 1.4 After 1968 5.9 Missing data 28.1

Fourth East Bank Destination 41.1% 67 cases - sample Central Ghor 20.9 Suweilah (Baqa'a) 73.1 Salt 1.5 Amman 3.0 Kerak 1.5 409

Date Arrival of 0 August 1967 7.5 September 6.0 October 3.0 December 1.5 January 1968 6.0 February 23.9 March 6.0 June 1.5 July 1.5 September 1.5 October 1.5 November 4.5 December 1.5 " After 1968 1.5 Missing data 31.3

Fifth East Bank Dest ination 18 cases - 11.0% sample Central Ghor 5.6 Suweilah (Baga' a) 94.4

Date of Arrival August 1967 5.6 January 1968 J .6 February .4 March 11. { Missing data 33.3

Sixth East Bank Dest ination 1 case - 0.6% sample Suweilah (Baga' a) - February 1968

(16)What were the major reasons compelling you to move to the East Bank? 410

APPENDIX VI

Israeli Ministerial Initiatives regarding Settlement Policy in the Occupied Territories.

a) The July 1967 Allon Plan (territorial and settlement aspects)

b) The July 1973 Dayan Document

c) The August 1973 Galili Document 411

VI (a) "The"chief sections and. principles 'of'the 'Allon Plan' as it was outlined behind closed doors, in support of the laying of the Plan on the Cabinet table (26 July 1967)". (Source --Cohen Y. Tokhnit Allon Pp. 171-173.1; Translation by W. W. Harris) ' {,,

A. I propose that Israel stand on the position that her, eastern border needs to be the Jordan River and a-''. line bissecting the Dead Sea at its mid-point for its whole length, and that the mandatory border in the Arava' will remain as it was before the Six Day War.

B. In order to set-up a firm defence alignment on the one hand, and to establish and assure the integrity of the land from the geostrategic point of view on the other, it is incumbent upon us to joint the following areas to the state, as an inseparable part of its sovereign" territory:

1), A strip with a breadth varying between 10 and 15 kilometres (approximately) the length of the Jordan River, from the Beit Shean Valley to the north . Dead Sea, containing Arab a minimum of population. _

2) A strip with a breadth of several kilometres (the exact dimensions need to be inspected in the area) north of the Jerusalem-Dead Sea axis, which will join some- where with the area north-of the Atarot-Beit Horon- Latrun road, enlarging the Latrun region.

3) With regard to Mount Hebron and the Judean Wilder- ness there are two possibilities to be considerede incorporating Mount'Hebron with its population or,. at least, the Judean Wilderness from the eastern approaches' of Hebron to the Dead Sea and the Negev.

4) In order to prevent the inclusion of a large Arab it is population necessary to consider the possibility of being satisfied with incorporating only the Judean Wilderness with, in addition, smaller border adjust- ments as at Gush Etzion and in the south of Mount Hebron.

C. In the areas I have drawn attention to above, there is a need in the near future to erect ruräl''and urban settlement outposts and permanent military bases accord- ing to security requirements. 412

D. There is a need to establish housing estates populated by Jews in East Jerusalem over and above the rapid reconstruction and populating of the Jewish Quarter in the Old City.

E. It is incumbent upon us to initiate links with the leaders and people of the West Bank in order to judge thir readiness (and to encourage them) to establish an auton- omous framework in the areas which will not be under Israeli sovereignty. The autonomous framework will include an association with Israel. Such a link will be expressed in the creation of a co-operative economic framework, a defence pact, technical and scientific co-operation, cultural agreements and the finding of a co-operative solution. to the settlement of Gaza refugees on the West Bank.

F. It is clear that it will be incumbent on the. Government to prepare on its own initiative a general (comprehen- sive and long-range) plan for solving the refugee problem - a painful problem and only capable of full solution on the basis of co-ope:. ative regional action with internat- ional support. Until the attaining of such combined action the Government of Israel must begin to erect a number of model refugee settlements on the West Bank and perhaps also in Sinai. This thing is necessary for, two.,....,:, reasons c to learn from experiment and to demonstrate good intentions, as well as to express our readiness to push for a constructive solution of the problem. It is necessary both from the humanitarian and political viewpoints.

G. Israel must attach the Gaza Strip to itself, with the original inhabitants (those who were there before 1948). As regards the refugees who will not be absorbed in the Gaza Strip due to economic, social and other consider- ations - in my opinion, as I have said, they should be settled on the West Bank or in the El Arish region, according to their choice. The United Nations must continue to look after the refugees whereas Israel will take full responsibility for the care of the permanent population., Of course the execution of such a plan will take time and so, in the interval, the Gaza Strip will not, be formally joined to the state.

H. The determination of the exact border lines will of course,.: only be made after hearing the opinion of the Chief of Staff.

I. Likewise it is in my view necessary to create, in the near future, a supreme authority for dealing with the problems of the occupied territories and of the refugees - within the frame of the Prime Minister's Department. 413

VIb THE DAYAN DOCUMENT

(Source - Ha-aretz 17-8-73 P. 14 Translation by W. W. Harris).

1. Refugees - Additional budget for existing camps.

Gaza - 100 million lirot a year.

Judea and Samaria : 50 million lirot for five years.

2. Development - Gaza and Judea/Samaria.

200 million lirot a year. In total (with the treatment

of the refugee problem) an additional budget of 300

million a year with a further 50 million lirot on one

occasion.

3. Urban and Industrial Centres

a) Jerusalem s Extension of urban population and industry

south, north and east, across the green line.

b)-Yamit-: Planning and development of Yamit at an accel-

erated pace, as a regional and urban centre for the

Rafiah'approaches. Establishment of a deep-water port devel- southhof Gaza -'without being conditional on the

opment'or the Haifa and Ashdod ports. ((c)'la'cks d) a source) Qiryat Arba' : Continuation at an

accelerated rate of industrial and population development.

e) Nabi Samuel : Establishment of an urban settlement at Nabi Samuel. indus- f) Qalgilia - Tulkarm region Establishment of an.

rial area in Kfar Saba on Jewish absentee lands (about

1200 dunams) and opening the possibility, for Jewish

initiatives to erect industrial and, housing projects, in

a planned and controlled fashion, in the Qalgilia and 414

Tulkarm regions. -

g) Golan Heights.: Establishment of an urban-industrial

centre on. the-Golan Heights.

4. Settlement - Founding of additional settlements as

proposed by the Settlement Department, and , assuring the required budget for the development of existing-, settlement.

5. Encouragement for the erection of industrial enterprises in the territories - as proposed in S. Gazit's letter.

6. Priorities - Priority for the territories will be

examined, with the aim of strengthening urban population,

village settlement and establishment of industrial enterprises in them.

7. Acquisition of Lands :

a) The Israel Lands Authority will act to acquire lands in the territories with the aim of making them avail- for able the settlement system, public and private

enterprises and land exchanges. b) The acquisition of lands and ownership by companies individuals and will be to some extent allowed and be will done for constructive needs and within the

political and security conception.

S. Employment of residents of the territories in Israel -

will be controlled and inspected and the requisite

measures will be taken to ensure that working conditions and wages are at the accepted Israeli levels. 415

9. -Links with Jordan - Encouragement and strengthening

of the affinity and the links between the residents of

the territories and the Kingdom of Jordan.

10. Advancement of local employees. - as far as. possible including administrative functions will be transferred -

senior functions in the government service (in civilian

spheres) - to local Arabs.

. aý

.,

"-a.

.. .ý ý, 416

VIc THE GALILI DOCUMENT (Source - Jerusalem Post 17-8-73)

Preamble

1) These summaries will be reflected in the Alignment

election platform and be included in the overall, working (next) programme of the government ---

2) After the main points of the working programme have been

approved, the operational plans will be worked out in

detail. The operational budgets will be incorporated

in the annual governmental budgets.

3) The working programme for the territories-in: the next

four years does not, involve any change in their political

standing, 'nor in the status of their inhabitants and.

refugees. UNRWAwill-continue with its operations., ,

A. Principle : The next government will continue to operate in the territories on the basis of policies adopted by

the present Government.

B. The Gaza Strip - Refugee Rehabilitation and Economic

Development. It is our intention to outline a working

programme for the next four years and to allocate the

required finances for its operation with the aim of

achieving the rehabilitation of refugees and economic

development. The main points of the working programme i

rehousing (new housing for refugees near the'camps

and rehabilitation of the camps), vocational training

schemes, improved educational and health services, 417.

creation of jobs for artisans and in industry, encour-

agement of the inhabitant's own initiative to raise

their living standards (c. f. sections 1,2 in Dayan

Document).

C. Development of Judea and Samaria. It is our intention

to draw up a working programme for the next four years

and ensure the necessary funds for its operation with

the purpose of achieving the development of the

economic infrastructure and to improve essential

services (that is, building hospitals, regional and

village clinics, expansion of water services, more

vocational and post-elementary schools, a better

electricity system, improving the road network, devel-

opment of artisanry and industry as a source ofAliveli-

hood for local residents, better housing for refugees, and help to local authorities.

D. Financing for Jüdea and Samaria. In accordance'with

the arrangement between the Ministries of Finance and Defence.

E. International financing. Efforts be to obtain will . made the necessary means from foreign sources for financing

the refugee rehabilitation programme and development

plans.

F. Encouraging Israel businessmen in the territories. All

kinds of encouragements (tax relief, government loans

and so forth) will be accorded to Israel businessmen in

setting up industrial plants-in the territories at the

same rates accorded to investors in those areas given 418

priority in Israel (c. f. section 5, Dayan Document).

G. Encouraging local residents own initiative in Judea

and Samaria. Extending aid to self-initiative of the

local population in the fields of education, culture,

religion, services, and in cultivating democratic

patterns in social and municipal life. Senior civilian

posts in the military government will be filled,

whenever possible, by local inhabitants (c. f. section

10, Dayan Document).

H. The Open Bridges Policy. This policy will continue as

heretofore (c. f. section 9, Dayan Document).

I. Work of Inhabitants of the Territories in Israel. Work

of inhabitants of the territories in Israel will continue

to be supervised and they will be ensured the same

wages and working conditions as prevail in Israel (c. f. section 8, Dayan Document).

J. Outposts and Settlements. New settlements will arise

and the network of outposts will be strengthened.

Efforts will be made to increase the population by

developing industry and tourism.

When Government budgets come to be determined, the

necessary means will be allocated each year in keeping

with the recommendations of the Settlement Department

(Jewish Agency), and with the approval of the

Ministerial Settlement Committee, with the view of

setting up in the coming four years additional settle-

ments in the Rafiah approach, the Jordan Rift and on Golan Heights. (see figure 38. ).

They will include : an industrial centre on the 419

Golan Heights; a regional centre in the Jordan Rift;

development of the north-east shore of Lake Kinneret

and the north-west shore of the Dead Sea; operation

of planned water schemes. . The development of the settlements in the territories

will also involve non-government elements, both public

and private, within the approved framework

(c. f. section 4, Dayan Document).

K. The Regional Centre in the Rafiah Approach. The continued

development of the regional centre of the Rafiah approach

will be ensured and it will be expanded to 800 housing

units by 1977-78. Encouragement will be extended to

industrial development for those persons with private

means wishing to settle there (c. f. section 3b. Dayan Document).

Z. Concentration and Purchase of Land in the Territories. 1), Intensified concentration of land for existing and

envisaged settlements. 2) The Israel Lands Authority will step in to acquire

land and real estate in the territories for purposes

of settlement, development and land exchanges.

3) The Lands Authority will lease land to companies

and private persons for the purpose of approved

development programmes.

4) The Lands Authority will acquire land by every

effective means, including through companies and

individuals who will buy land in coordination with the

authority. 420

5) Acquisition of land and real estate by companies

and private persons will be approved only in those cases

where the Lands Authority is unable or not interested in

such purchases.

6) A special Cabinet Committee will be empowered to

grant permits on condition that the purchases are trans-

acted for the purpose of constructive projects and not

for speculative purposes, and within the framework of

government policy.

7) The Lands Authority will also acquire land already bought by Jews.

(c. f. section 7, Dayan Document).

M. Jerusalem and Environs. The population and industrial

development of the Capital and its environs will continue

with the aim of consolidation beyond the original area mentioned in Administrative Order No. 1 (annexing East

Jerusalem). To this end efforts will be made to buy

land and government lands will be utilized within this framework, to the south and east of Jerusalem that the

government has decided on enclosure. (c. f. section 3a, Dayan Document).

N. Nabi Samuel. It is resolved to implement the government

decision for the settlement of Nabi Samuel. (c. f. section 3e, Dayan Document).

0. Deep Sea Port south-of Gaza. With the intention of

expediting the development of the Rafiah approach, it

is resolved that within the coming two-three years

there will be a thorough analysis of the basic

elements of the proposal to establish a deep sea port 421

to the south of Gaza. This will include physical

conditions, the economic viability of such a scheme and

the political ramifications. After all the data has

been compiled and a concrete blueprint submitted, the

government will decide on the matter.

(c. f. section 3b, Dayan Document).

P. Kfar Saba Industrial Zone. All necessary conditions

will be provided for setting up an industrial zone for

Kfar Saba beyond the Green Line, as well as the

development of Israel industries in the Qalgilia and

Tulkarm areas.

(c. f. section 3e, Dayan Document). 422

APPENDIX VII

Mr. Yigal Allon. on Settlement Policy :.

Responses to questions posed by the author

(W. W. Harris), March 1978. Transcription

of tape recording.

(Yigal Allon, Deputy Prime Minister of Israel 1968 - 1977, was the chief architect

of the Labour Government's overall settlement

programme in the occupied territories and

served as first Chairman the Inter- . of Ministerial Settlement Committee). 423

1. Q. When were your ideas concerning the Golan Heights

first submitted to the Government?

A. My ideas as to settling the Golan Heights were submitted

to the Government a few weeks after the official Allon

Plan was presented to the Cabinet (July 26,1967). In fact

before submitting it to the Government formally I had a

number of talks about it with the late Prime Minister

Mr. Levi Eshkol and he was convinced that our control of

the Golan Heights was vitally important strategically.

2. Q. How powerful was the influence of the July 1967

Kibbutz Golan group in causing. a Government decision

to approve settlement in the Golan?

A. The group which founded subsequently Kibbutz Golan

(the official name was Kibbutz Ramat ha Golan) was next to

none - it-was a small number of young men and women from,

various Kibbutzim - highly idealistic, deeply motivated by the necessity to turn the Golan Heights from a source of

danger into a source of life. They volunteered immedi-

ately after the Six Day War to carry out certain works

which could be done by civilians rather than by soldiers

and they were employed by the Armyto collect deserted

animals - cows, horses and so on. I on my part helped

them officially to finance their wages through the fund

which was at my disposal for the unemployed (as

Minister of Labour) and after getting the approval of

the Prime Minister I also asked the Department of Land

Settlement of the Zionist Movement to help them until

a final decision was taken by the Cabinet and once this

was achieved they were recognised as potential settlers -

at the beginning as an experimental venture and gradually 424

it-has developed into 'ä full-fledged kibbutz which is

rather successful economically and socially.

3. Q. What was your own position with regard to early

settlement in the Golan?

A. The Golan"Heights were so important, so indispensably

therefore I not"önly recommend; d3establi`shing settle='

ments from immediately after the- Six `Day War but in" fact

I helped to establish them li" Q. How did the Yom Kippur War influence Government

thinking concerning the role arid future of Golan

settlement policy, including the geographical

distribution of settlements within the area? Could nd "'" you sketch the phases in the development

application of the idea of industrially-bised'

settlements'in parts'of°the Golan" and Judea-Samaria.

A. Since the Yom Kippur War came'to Israel as a surprise

not only the army found itself in great'difficulties but

these few small settlements were not yet prepared enough by so means of fortifications and anti-tank weapons and

on - and shelters. They were evacuated against'their

protest. They wanted to stay with the army. They were

ready to evacuate only mothers and children and babies

but they felt that the adults should remain and defend

their settlements alongside the army. ` The lesson that we

learned from that surprise was -'and still is - that

every single settlement shyDuld be fortified as if it , were a military fortress. The settlers should be well

organized and well trained and well equipped with modern

and sophisticated means of sel: f-defence against ground 425

forces. And today I 'can say that each individual - settlement and all of them together are fortified and

equipped to such an extent that they will play a role

not only in day to day security needs but also in case-,

of an all-out war.

The idea of "industrially based` settlement on the Golan

and in parts of'the Judea Samaria"'area,,. alongside the

Rafiah, is that it is not enough'to establish small (by

nature small) settlements based mostly ön agriculture'---

which can-help us of course to locate the right'settle-

ments at the right strategic points or areas - if we are also to'have a-large population in-these areas indust-

rially based townlets`are needed - "and'this encouraged us to establish one on'the Golan (Qatzrin), two in ---

Samaria and Judea, or rather very close to then Valley and

the Judean'desert (one is Ma'ale Efraim which is within

the belt of the-Allon Plan and also Malale Adumim, on the

main 'axis between the-Dead Sea=and Jerusalem, -which is

also part of my plan) I think that this is-still one of

the major means to attract greater masses to settle down

in these vital, areas. They will earn their living from

industry as well as services for the"scattered agricul'-

tural settlements.

5. Q. When was the idea of an' Arab Ramallah-Jericho -'

corridor incorporated into your plan? ',

A. When I proposed my plan in July 1967 1 didn't yet think

in terms of a corridor between 'the 'two' Banks via'

Jericho and Ramallah. But a couple of months after I

proposed my plan, when I studied'it'again, I reached the

conclusion that it would be wrong not -to provide those 426

two inter-connected territories (the East Bank and the

West Bank) with an Arab controlled and even sovereign

access or corridor. I found that this access (Ramallah-

Jericho) was the correct geographic and strategic place.

6. Q. When did you decide to exclude the. populated areas

of the Hebron district from the plan?

A. I (for myself) excluded the population of Hebron rather

early - weeks after July, 1967 and I made' it, clear in my

oral remarks at Cabinet sessions as well as in my talks

with the Prime Minister, fellow Ministers and Members of the Knesset.

7. Q. Why did settlement in the Jordan Rift. start very

slowly compared to the early and rapid activity on

the Golan? What was the influence on Rift Settle-

ment. policy of the War, of Attrition and of the Jordanian Civil War?

A. It is hard to explain why. we were, a little late in

establishing the first settlements in theaJordan Valley

although I thought and I still think that this Rift

should enjoy the top priority in our land settlement

policy along the strategic boundaries. Partly there

were disputes, among ourselves and partly because it took a

little time to prepare the ground for settlement - but

the first two or three settlements started as_early, as the

others - much earlier than in theRafiah area - a-little later than the Golan Heights.

The War of Attrition from Jordan against Israel only

encouraged us to establish these settlements and the Jordanian Civil War, had nothing to do with it - in my heart I was of course on the side of the legal govern- 427

ment of Jordan because I felt that the PLO in Jordan

wanted not only to overthrow a regime but to establish

such a regime as would be utterly against Israel - would

create greater difficulties than the existing regime which

for many years was not as friendly as people think.

Nevertheless that was the choice of the least evil.

8. Q. What relationships do the western frontier adjustments in (Latrun ) proposed your plan - Beit Horon, etc. have to the idea of a Jordan Rift strategic strip?

A. My idea about including the Latrun-Beit Horon axis with

the Israeli controlled area is mentioned rather early in

the original memo which I tabled with the Cabinet. I

felt that that was vitally important to include the

airstrip in Atarot as well as this important strategic

road - and I don't see any problems with it. It's not

so much of importance for the Jordan Rift as it is for

a united Jerusalem and its outskirts. g. Q. What was the procedure for authorizing settlements

across the Green Line prior to the advent of the Inter-Ministerial Settlement Committee?

A. Before the special inter-ministerial committee for land

settlement policy was established we had different forms in

which we took decisions vis a vis settlements. Rather ear13

we established a special committee headed by the Prime

Minister Mr. Eshkol for the administered areas. For a

while this committee was also discussing the problems

of land settlement and the policy vis a vis government

owned land in the administered areas and so on. But when things began to expand and the Prime Minister felt it 428

(land settlement) was too much to ask of this committee,

which was preoccupied with the political aspects of-the

administered areas, we decided to establish a special

committee which for the first few years was headed by

me as its Chairman. In addition to this special-inter-

ministerial settlement committee we had two other

committees which had to do with populating certain areas

in the administered areas. One was the-Supreme'Inter-

Ministerial Committee for Jerusalem of which_I was the

Chairman for a while and later on when I was rather too

busy with a new Ministry at my hands the Minister of-

Justice Ya'cov Shimshon Shapira, was appointed to this

job. And-for a few months we-had an ad-hoc committee

for Hebron which was headed-by me as well - and therefore,

because of the fact-that, one person was the'Chairman of

these three committees the co-ordination between the

activities was more'or less safe. I 10. Q. When was the Inter-Ministerial Committee setup?

What were the reasons for this step?

A. I can't remember by heart when the committee was set up

rather early, when Mr. Eshkol was still alive, and I

don't think it is that important because whether a special

committee-or another committee decides about it any

decision, according to our constitution of a sub-committee

of the Cabinet, is considered as a decision by the

plenary session of the Cabinet - because accordingýto the rules of the Cabinet the minutes and the decisions of

sub-committees are distributed amongst the other members the Cabinet. of ; They can readthem and any single one 429

can ask for a review of a decision. ' Therefore if within

two weeks there is no comment from any other'Minister a

decision which is taken or adopted by asub-committee

is considered to be a decision by the entire Cabinet.

11. Q. What was the procedure in the Committee's work

under the Labour ' government? . A. We had in fact a wide committee composed: of two major

contingencies. One was the Ministers from the Cabinet""

itself and the other half the relevant members the

Zionist executive - and everyone had a vote and any

decisions which were taken`by this-joint committee were on behalf the two of co-operating agencies - the Govern- ment on the one hand and the Zionist executive on the

other (the Zionist executive is responsible for land

settlement according to the convention which was signed

between the Government and the Zionist movement many

years ago when Mr. Ben Gurion was still in power).

The procedures were exactly as in. 'other committees'

of the Cabinet. At least a few days before a session

takes place the agenda and all relevant material' should

be provided to the members of the committee so they-will

have a chance to study the problem and make up'their

minds on their position. Then we used to also'invite

our advisors, particularly the experts on land settlement, Arab affairs, security affairs -- so every' aspect of land settlement policy was discussed. Sometimes we used to go

to the very area to see for ourselves with our own eyes

and not only to trust experts. Sometimes we had to

postpone a decision for another week or two in order to 430

give some of the members an opportunity to study the

matters a little more deeply. Only then was there a

vote - an ordinary majority would be enough, in certain cases we had unanimous decisions and in certain cases

big majorities. Never was such a decision taken by a

small formal majority. Even here if one member of the

Committee opposed the decision (to the extent that he

thought it would damage the country) he would have asked

for an appeal to the entire Cabinet - there were some cases of this sort. Then there was a new discussion when we discussed it again at full length with the Cabinet, and

the Cabinet decided about it.

The other procedure was that we had to report every decision of this kind to the Foreign Affairs and Security

Committee of the Knesset. So sometimes we had a parallel debate. After doing the job with the Ministers we had to go again - sometimes - to the Committee of the Knesset. One has to remember that but for a short while when we had the National Government (I never thought it was the most effective one but nevertheless we had it) there was, as it should be in a parliamentary system, a

Government and opposition. In the Committees of the

Cabinet and the Zionist executive we didn't have the opposition represented, but we had them on the (Knesset) Committee. So some agreed - some disagreed. 431

APPENDIX VIII

Leidata shel Qeshet (The Birth

of Qeshet)

An account by Mr. Yehuda Harel, resident of Merom Golan and leading figure in the Golan

Settlement Committee, of events concerning Golan settlement, October 1973 - June 1974.

English Translation of Original Hebrew (by W. ' W. Harris) 432

I am writing these things from memory. Clearly it

is necessary to do some work, inspect diaries and records,

and consult comrades, but meantime from memory ---.

(i) The War and afterwards. Although the Golan settlements

in general and Merom Golan in particular suffered considerable

damage as a result of the war (the Merom Golan site was

partially destroyed and the population uprooted) we returned

home on the fourth day of the war with a feeling of determin-

ation and not with the feeling of weakness and failure which

revealed itself in the state in the period after the war.

Even on the second day of the war we applied to

appropriate factors in an attempt to convince them to conquer Bein Jinn in order to ensure that the Beit Jinn springs would be joined 'to Golan area and would assure water to the Heights.

After the war'we were anxious toinstall a pipeline from Beit

Jinn : also during the war we set up a meeting with Yehial

Admoni in the Merom Golan shelter and we agreed with him on a post-war work plan.

a) Doubling of the Jewish population on the Golan within a year. b) Erection of a Golan'City. c) Settlement of the Central Golan d) Building of an extensive defence system.

In the days after the war we succeeded in getting approval from Raful(Rafael Eitan) to begin working areas, at . Ain Havad, which is on. the eastern side of the pre-war cease fire line. We were also anxious to excavate the Rouqad storage-pond - also partially in the "salient" area.

When Pinhas Sapir visited the 1ghts immediately 433

the after war we convinced him of the merits of our plan (all it) of and in particular of the necessity to begin constructing

the Golan City. We were not alone in the feeling that the

lessons of the war were that we should stand firm and not cave-in.

In those days I went with Musiq Garliq`to a meeting

of about twenty comrades at the home of Rabbi Haimqa Druqman.

There I met Hanan (Porat)-for'the-first time-and others who were later to set up Gush Emunim. Even beforehand IA felt a bond Hanan to to him I believed with and -I wanted- get :mow as that Kfar. -Etzion- and Merom Golan opened a new period in the history of the'State'of Israel and even in. the history of the people of. Israel.,

At this meeting, apparently the foundation meeting of the "Gush", there was a similar atmosphere to that evident on the Golan: We renewed the Golan Settlement Committee with the purpose of realizing the four points outlined above. We did effective work on the subjects of budgets, security and so on. The'chief workers were Musiq (Ramat Magshamim), Avner`

(Snir), Doron (Eli'ad), Rafi (Ramot) and myself".

(ii) Change for consideration. In December 1973 we began to feel that we were at a turning point : disengagement negot- iations in the south, the manoeuvrings of Kissinger, Abu

Rudeis families being prevented from returning home, and the in the general atmosphere country - all these gave us to understand that the general tendency in the country was in the direction of capitulation.

In , December I received information from a qualified 434

source in Tzahal and from Yisrael Galili that-it was-not certain

that Israel could maintain the pre-war Golan boiler. We got in

touch with Ramat Magshamim and set up a night session in Merom

Golan at which we decided on intensive activities beginning

the next day. Our objective was to retain the pre-war line.

In the Winter months our activities reached a peak. I list

in brief some of the things we did : a) Basic meetings with all Government Ministers. b) Meeting with the Ma'arakh faction in the Knesset. c) Two sessions with the, Foreign, Affairs and Security Committee

of the Knesset. d) Raising the subject and achieving resolutions in Ha in Kibbutz ha Meuhad, the Ihud, and in Regional Councils. e) Information giving assemblies in settlements. f) Activity in the youth movements and a public youth meeting in the cinerama. g) Crystallization of urban activity. h) Multitude of publicity notices in the newspapers. i) An assembly of intellectuals''-in the Bnei Brit auditorium. j) 'A meeting with Golda in which she assured us that there

would be no moving from the'pre-war'line. k) Several assemblies of Golan settlements.

1) Two assemblies of-all the settlements-across the green line, in the first Kfar Etzion at our , initiative `-and the.. second Neot Golan.,. at _I m) Meetings and convincingcü, key-personalities.

Very many Merom Golan members took part in this activity and the whole settlement. participated whole-heartedly.

Today we know for certain that our activity prevented 435

a deep withdrawal on the Golan and damage to settlements.

At the beginning of the Spring we came to understand

that Quneitra would be the focus of the struggle. Accordingly

we began work at full-speed to execute plans for land

preparation in Quneitra. We obtained the requisite approval

and began ourselves to clear the city of its houses and to

prepare lands.

During the negotiations for a separation of forces

on the Golan we began to consider what would be the situation

if the Government did not hold firm and made concessions

regarding Quneitra? ---

I Then thought -, for the first. time - of reacting by the speedy erection of a settlement eitherin Quneitra

or nearby.

In those days I went round Quneitra many times with Shimshon to-check the demolition, I out works of which we were.

executing there. We began to look for a suitable location for

a settlement. Among the places we inspected were lathe old

temporary-site of Merorl Golan, the military police building,

in East Quneitra, the, "front command; ' the. "brigade building"

and the hospital bunker.

(iii) The Decision The final-period before -the signing of the Disengageement Agreement was extremely difficult. We-

already felt. (and also received Information)-that Quneitra

would be handed-over to the Syrians. From the Chief of Staff

we heard the "evaluation" that Quneitra is not important --- the war of attrition was at its peak and there were daily In the there terrible casualties. whole country was a w 436

(interestingly weariness and severe weakness - in the whole country except for the Golan settlements). f

In the settlement we spent much of the time sitting

in the shelters with a feeling of extreme isolation. It was

made clear to us that Ha Kibbutz ha Meuhad would not stand

behind us in our struggle over Quneitra. On Saturday night

(May 10) we held an assembly. The day after, Sunday, the

Kibbutz ha Meuhad Secretariat had to meet in the Warsaw Ghetto

Museum. Several Ramat Magshamim members also participated in

our assembly. On the Friday before the assembly I was with

Shimshon at Northern Command and we chatted with the officer in

charge (Ya'angle). We asked him what his opinion would be if we established a settlement in Quneitra within a week? He know responded thus - "first you didn't ask and I don't anything about the matter and second, if your settlers aren't there already it may be too late. " T

At the Merom Golan assembly the proposal that a group from various Golan villages should settle in Quneitra was raised, along with beginning work in Galilee settlements to get together a permanent nucleus for the new Kibbutz. Even before the assembly, a picked group agreed to take the matter upon itself. After midnight the assembly approved the proposal.

The Secretariat (Merom Golan) + some other. members + some Ramat Magshamim members came together atk1., 00 a. m. in our restaurant shelter to decide on the execution.

We "crazy" made a decision - to-establish the settlement-on Sunday morning i. e. eight hours after taking decision : (certainly the without precedentýin: the history of At-1.00 settlement). a. m. we began the work and got the 437

team together. We started on the preparation of a vehicle,

tractors, a generator, tables, beds, mattresses, weapons

and so on.

We decided on the hospital. bunker as-a location

because in those days there was a situation-of-uninterrupted

shelling.

In the morning'I'left for the Kibbutz ha Meuhad

Secretariat meeting in the Warsaw Ghetto Museum (, Acre ) and

announced there the establishment of-a settlement in Quneitra'-

without knowing for certain'that the settlement had actually

gone up (apparently the same day we received "in secret", a

generator- from the Jewishagency in Tzefat). . _

In one day, - the 'bunker was cleaned, ' electricity

installed, water"brought in and work organized (on Merom Golan in'surveys, lands, in preparing areas'in Quneitra) - along with guard duty. In the evening Tzipqa went with'the children to

" the settlers, taking wine and cakes. 'THE SETTLEMENT WAS A

FACT : Many soldiers and officers visited the site and'they great were impressed --- In these first days'I felt'a fear -I

interpreted the erection of the settlement and its'fulfilment

as' a thing of powerful significance and great value in the

consciousness of, the entire people. Such an enterprise should

not be permitted to descend to the level of a mere political

demonstration. If it. became clear that our, step was nothing

more thana political demonstration it would cause irreparable

damage to the whole idea and statusýof settlement in general

and especially on the Golan. It is difficult to claim that we

erected the new settlement after assuring the minimal (at conditions least 5 members on the site)., Had I been, 438 irresponsible?

(iv) First Days In the first days we devoted our entire effort to ensuring that we had the required number of'people from Merom Golan, Ramat Magshamim and El Rom at the new- settlement. Thereafter we began to visit Galilee settlements to try to get people for a permanent Kibbutz nucleus. '-The tour of Galilee settlements was' a"failure. ," We didn't get' a single serious candidate --- Meanwhile Dafne agreed to pass out work from its footwear enterprise and the bunker began to take on the form of a settlement.

From the first day I pressed the bunker people to decide on a name for the settlement and on each occasion they assured me that the matter'would be resolved, but the selection of a name was postponed from day to day. Finally, one day when I was sitting in the bunker with several of the members

(already I don't remember who was there)"I announced that we wouldn't stand up until we had chosen the name. -'One of the members suggested "Qashtit", based on the name'"Quneitra" (Quneitra in Arabic = Qeshet in Hebrew - "arch"). -. I said that Qashtit didn't seem suitable to me and I proposed

"Qeshet". My proposal was accepted.

The tales about "Quneitra Shelanu Tamid" (Quneitra will always be ours) were created later and don't have any foundation. In those'days demonstrations were held in

Jerusalem against Golan withdrawal. Here "Gush Emunim" began to cystallize. People began to come direct to Queshet from demonstrations, equipped with haversacks, holy books for Suddenly study --- Queshet began to take on the form of a religious settlement. Up to this time we had assumed that 439

Qeshet would be a Kibbutz ha Meuhad settlement.

One evening I came to the bunker and found religious

members sitting and studying in every room. I interrupted

Assaf and said to him : "Listen, if you don't restrict the

flow from Jerusalem there will soon be no-one here who will

work and the place will be converted into a Yeshiva. " Assaf

answered "What's with-you '. These members are the best workers. `, I wish more would come. " .. .

The next day Assaf had to go to meet with a particular

Kibbutz ha Meuhad nucleus to convince them. to come to Queshet.

That night we decided (it seems to me after a talk withjUri

Meir) that if we also'failed with this nucleus we would give

the settlement over to the religious. The next day Hanau Porat

came to see me and we'sat and reviewed the matter all night:,

At the end of the discussion he took upon himself the'respons-

ibility of creating the nucleus-for Q eshet. This rescued us

from a terrible failure -a rescue for which I shall never forget Hanan and especially the people who came from Jerusalem

and from other places and made Queshet a settlement which one

could be proud of.

In our meeting Hanan told me about Eli Sadan and asked

me to travel with him and with Eli to Jerusalem for a meeting

with Tzvi Yehuda'Kook, -because'withoüt the Rabbi's blessing

Eli couldn't leave the Yeshiva.. Of course I consented and went

along.

I won't go into details here about our meeting with

the Rabbi. It was clear to me that there was no necessity to the Rabbi convince - on the contrary it seemed that he was. 440

trying to convince us. Since then I have met the Rabbi a number of times and have become acquainted with many of his

students. But already at the first meeting I could distinguish his absolute self-confidence - free of any hesitation or doubt - confidence that small events and times (that to us seemed big and decisive) could not budge or even touch him.

The days in the bunker came back to me as the first days of the crystallization of the Qeshet nucleus. This period gave much to me. I always feel that the most important asset

I can amass is getting to know people who strengthen my faith in man, and in this period I became acquainted with Hannah

Tav, Rabbi Tzugerman, Rabbi Aviner and Vardina Vali.

Above all I was impressed and influenced by the personality of Hannah Tav. I remember one day I was sitting in the eating room of the bunker and talking with Rabbi

Tzuqerman, surrounded by a number ofr_Qeshet members who were not taking a very active part in the conversation. I deli- cately raised the sensitive topic of what would happen when the disengagement agreement was signed and Quneitra handed over to the Syrians. I explained my view that we should struggle up to the last moment: but should also start planning what would be done if we, didn't succeed. I began to raise the notion of advance preparation and planning for a move to the Quneitra Valley: or to the Central Golan in order to continue a struggle that would certainly go on for many more years. I felt that I had found a common language with Rabbi Tzuqerman and the discussion progressed to practicalities. During the discussion Hannah Tav stood at the sink and washed dishes. Suddenly Hannah left the sink and pressed toward the 441 table. She asked modestly if she could say something. In total silence Hannah said (I quote from memory) "It is forbidden to talk of the things you are discussing. If-you speak of the possibility of remaining in Quneitra then it will be held, but if we all know that this cannot be then it will not be, because it cannot be. " I tried to explain to

Hannah that although we were fighting for the first line it was also necessary to make contingency preparation for a second line. But Hannah remained adamant : "If a man walks on a narrow plank above an. abyss and thinks about what lies in wait if he falls, and looks into the abyss - then he will certainly fall. " I replied with all sorts of clever and logical points and it seemed to me that I wond the debate, with Hannah remaining in a minority, and also that reality proved that I was right but I have never been able to forget Hannah's words and from the first moment I felt the superiority of her position over mine. This was the superiority of faith and stubbornness

---- the superiority of a deep faith in the power of the spirit to overcome the material. I have no doubt that the hard naive faith of Hannah played an inestimably greater part in the success of Qeshet than did my clever counsels. *0n that night when we decided, in an "irresponsible" fashion, to erect a settlement the next morning, we also acted on faith and we succeeded.

How then did the Qeshet members agree to transfer to (west the nursery of Quneitra) and how did Tzahal come to agree We knew to that? that there was no possibility of the Qeshet leaving the bunker people of their own volition so it could be to the Syrians. handed over Accordingly we became very tense 442

when we saw the disengagement map for the first time. The

bunker was not marked on the map and the line was so thick

that it was impossible to tell on which side°the bunker-lay.

After a few days, a qualified surveyor, acting on behalf of the

Government, came to mark the line on the ground. The line

was to be fixed and confirmed by U. N. representatives. When we

saw -chat the line left` the bunker on the wrong side *we asked 'the

surveyor if he would mcve the marker barrels and`put Qeshet on our side. The surveyor was greatly offended by the request and

explained that to do such a thing would hurt his honour as a

"doctor of geodesy. "

On the night after the completion of the survey the marker-barrels were moved to the other side of the-Qeshet-bunker

(by residents) and there were also several small, movements='in other places. The next day U. N. men came and confirmed the border line. '

After it had been ensured that Qeshet would remain under Israeli sovereignty movement from the bunker ceasedkto be a matter of principle---- several days after the- signings of the, disengagement agreement a-delegation from Tzahal command came to

Merom Golan. The delegation, comprised-Chief; of Staff-Muta Gurt

Raful (Rafael Eitan), and division commander Yanush. We:,. held a, session with them-in the restaurant>shelter.,. The Chief of Staff explained that the Qeshet members must evacuate. the, bunker, that very day., We asked if Qeshet might be accommodated-in the front command building. The division commander said'-that he-needed the it building and was-then that the proposal of. shifting to. the nursery came up. .. p At first all the Army men were opposed but we took a stubborn stand and the ice was slowly broken. Then 443

we asked Yanush for railway carriages to ensure that there

would be enough accommodation in the nursery. The next day

three carriages arrived, carriages which have since made

history. From the nursery they were transferred to Hushniye

and from Hushniye they were taken by the Yonatan nucleus to Tel Shipun. When Tzahal didn't permit the settlement on the hill they were taken down from it, then going with the Yonatan to nucleus Tel Parag, staying there until they were trans- ferred to Tel Abu Qatif by the Arguv nucleus. There they were confiscated by Tzahal and returned to the Army engineer stores. Recently I heard that Raful is prepared to return the carriages to the Arguv-nucleus---.

(v) Merom Golan and Qeshet Merom Golan is a young settlement which has already been through a lot. We have had difficult hours, sad hours and great hours. The first days of Qeshet the happiest were days of Merom Golan. There were very difficult days for us.

Several of our best and most precious people fell in battle, and we lived for months in the shelters. All that had built we and all that 'we believed' in stood in"-dang Ier. We isolated were - the isolation. was difficult. Even the tired soldiers, and dirty from the war and from the'attrtion, were saying angrily to us : "It's oniyßbecause of your craziness that we can't return home. " Tiredness and disillus- ionment in the ruled country. The coming of the Q'eshet people from Jerusalem and their settling_between us_and. the border (with children !) was almost the only hand sent to help' and support us. I shall never forget this.

Only thus is it possible to understand the aid given 444

by Merom Golan to Qeshet, aid almost beyond computation - to

understand how we opened ourselves to Qeshet, how doors were

opened, how funds were opened and in chief how hearts were

opened.

Today I see that the Qeshet people gave us more than

we gave them, despite the fact that there were days when

neither they or we understood this. Today we have returned to homes, --- our to our daily lives -I dön'yt know whether you in Qeshet are succeeding in preserving the same spirit.

I know that this is difficult and perhaps impossible.

I believe that when stormy periods come again, and

they will come --- we can stand again in the confidence that

life will continue and succeed, the confidence that Qeshet

(the arch) gave us : "and the land was covered by cloud and

a rainbow was seen in the cloud. "

"Who's Who" and Glossary (in order' of appearan ce)

Yehial Admoni - senior personality in the Jewish Agency. (1978 Rafael Eitan - front commander on the Golan - Chief of Staff). in Salient - additional area captured by Israel the October War. Returned to Syria June 1974.

Pinhas Sapir - Minister of Finance in the Labour Government up to 1974.

Hanan Porat - Kfar Etzion resident prominent in the formation of Gush Emunim (1978 - Gush Secretary-General).

Tzvi Yehuda Kook - Head of Merkaz Harav Yeshiva in Jerusalem and spiritual head of Gush Emunim. 445

APPENDIX IX

Cabinet discussion Gush Emunim on T..... ,, settlement at Qaddum, 5 August 1976: `

As reported in Yediot Ahronot by, Shlomo. Makdimon, 6 August 1976 P. 2.

v» P "., +ili_ 6.6 hei" '4iY atcti ,.. .

English translation for-foreign press corps, Jerusalem. See also Appendix IT for Cabinet Party positions and, affil-. , f.,, iations of participating Ministers.

° R... C

.,. , "-y. r -- -- -: -

"i 1` 446_

Further details were uncovered last night concern-

ing the Cabinet discussion on Qaddum. Finance Minister

Rabinowitz complained that the Qaddumites were making a the Government, to. Peres that he mockery of , which responded. knew of other bodies in the state whose actions made mockery

of the Government - even such as "are sitting here on the establishment of saints". Peres is believed to have been

referring to those Ministers who keep on raising the eternal

question : when will Qaddum be vacated? There i'sl also reason

to assume that Peres was referring, inter alia, specifically to his Mapam colleagues - since, in practically the same breath, he mentioned continued violation of the Government's

decision on an issue relating to development of- the Rafiah

salient (Mapam is active behind the scenes to prevent the

implementation of government resolutions to remove Bedouin

squatters, whose presence is preventing the area's develop-' One ment). way and another - facts are'being established at Qaddum, which could not have been realized without. variegated governmen- assistance -- It was'againstthis background that a debate took place at Sunday's Cabinet-

session; most of the following exchange is now-made public for the first time.

Rabin : The Defence Ministry has helped in things which'I'm not sure were a correct interpret- ation of the Cabinet's resolution. is to Peres : Everything done there - if the reference the shed (for metal-working) was about a month before the Cabinet's last resolution (9 May) that no settlement would be established at Qaddum. I propose that if Qaddum is to be discussed and a decision taken - let it be a bold decision. It as a member of The Cabinet, will fulfil my part in such a decision. But 447

let there be no bothering with marginal matters. with this or that shed, nor with the provision of employment for, the settlers -a resolution taken when they moved from Sebastia, to which, the entire Cabinet was party.

Rabinowitz (strong opponent of Qaddum) sI think a resolution must also be taken on Qaddum, and that it should not be left unresolved.

Ofer (claims Qaddumites are seeking confrontation with the Government) : We have'already decided (that no settlement would be established there).

Rabin : (concurs with Mapam and other. Qaddum opponents but wishes to avoid confrontation) : If you (Ofer) want to resolve on forceful evacuation - do so; I'll not propose such'a thing.

Ofer I'm nbt proposing force; I can abide with the existing situation; let it stay.

Shemtov : But we are giving them work, and creating facts there, as well as passing resolutions here - which we, do not observe.

Peres e First of'all, with reference to=work - we provide work also for Arabs beyond the green line, and I dare anyone to suggest not providing work as-well to Jews who arrived there in accordance with a certain resolution which was not clandestine, a resolution, assuring'their employment. As for resolutions that are not observed (Shemtov's allegation) - I know of a resolution passed here more than once on (Bedouin squatters in) the Rafiah area, and I know who the factors are that are delaying and preventing implementation

Rabin I don't say that a decision on Qaddum must be taken here- but I_also don't saythatmthe Defence Ministry things for should not, order, _, its requirements.

Peres I don't say that we should be sidetracked= or whether there should be a discussion of the matter., or not. If you want to pass a resol- ution on Qaddum's removal -. go ahead.

Rabin The Cabinet is entitled to decide what it wishes. 448

Peres I Of course. So, if you want, propose the closing of the enterprise (the shed) and say so clearly. I don't want to be in a position of someone who is in doubt. I personally do not feel myself to be in doubt.

Raphael Rabin : spoke and said something very grave -- what is all the excitement here? These people (at Qaddum) are not sitting there in contravention of Cabinet resolutions. I know of no offer made to them to settle elsewhere, and I'm a member of the Ministerial Settlement Committee. I did not issue them a permit for a ritual bath, because that would provide permanency. But can anyone forbid them water or electricity?

Rabin : They have no problemst they don't need our help; they have a benefactor in England who will provide them with both electricity and water; you (Raphael) don't have to concern yourself about them.

Burg :I believe that any thought of laying siege and starving (Qaddum) is no less grave than employment of force against these people. If anyone wants to topple the Government - go ahead :* Let such thinking be discussed. And I want to say that these people are there (at Qaddum) with permission, and if they want a kindergarten and school, this should be provided by law. (It goes without saying that Hamer favoured granting the settlers all requisite privileges)

Yadlin (outright : opponent of Qaddum) :I did not and will not give them a kindergarten.

Rabin a You've done right!

Yadlin : What is called for is a discussion and passage the of previous resolutions - because I see this issue as a political time-bomb= but in no way would I lend a hand to employing Tzahal against Qaddum.

Rabin : Beware what you say, since it leaks out, and it will then emerge (from your statement) that there is a resolution that they stay there. 449

Kol (Qaddum opponent) : There's no call for helping them establish themselves into permanency.

Rabinowitz i They are making a mockery of the Government.

Pew i (see preamble)

The Prime Minister told his colleagues that the issue would be (again) in discussed the Cabinet at an appropriate time - without elaborating.

* Reference by Burg (NRP) to NRP hint that its Ministers might leave the Government. TABLES '.o rn

ö m 93 " O "ri42 .H m rn O a 0 :1 ö x ý . 00 %0 H ä % 94 O CO % V\ C 0 tu cd H 0\ N CV Co M "O AAA -1 r . H N v c) v v v o C il: * i; "ri cad"x

2 äö ä ä0 0 r . r-1 P. a0 ww

134 f4-4 p4 0 t- 0 cd 0 4-1 ON 3 - .O un Cdri ö ö 02 02 m i 0 0 0 0 ý ý ý r - 0 m ai ai ai " Z 0i O, O O " 0A 00% 0ob 02 c)_ ' 0a 0 ri , cri L( Ln CO 12 '. 0 0 " LO'. WA t- rn H l- t- N N %ID -P ;i C3N O U O v v v v " 94

O "r1 00 02 .i 4.3 02 m ti 02 0 cd C. ) tu P. A 4) WCl] C "i.) " t i a d] y w "ý w $ý 02 41 H v 00' 02 0 .-% d m 0 4. ) cd 4 Ö 4> O O vý cd cd 0 OD rq t) t2 4.1 mj 0 M >ý N -&-IN"rl rl % är4 0 0 t- Co t- 4.3 4> 9 H _zr O\ w CYN La ] w0 94 W04 Cl) 3 0 O ' .ý . r-1 w -- CO ' "`, M C H O , -1 ß ti C 4-4 cd :10 V v t (1 - '7 t6 tý CO H 0 42ý W NC ºý to Oý Q) 1 CY%l 0. ;4 av 9.4 0 0 A - -i f6.4 N v 02 ti' ti G) co cd Ü ý Ü ' A .

1-2>I t

Ei 0 CD 02 N 0 c_ \O z Nl 0 a) 1 0 rn V1 r-I rn C.- Co r-I V1 n cý3 ON CO N 0 L` X11 cr1 h rd 4-31 \o t N c-l N co 0 O O\ 00 rl pa 14 "ri U] OD NN co C7'%4J '. anx° ti ýN CD rn r-i \O a) i. H O "0 a x "r - PC-- +0 ýy 0) 0 ] C 4 U) L6 r E; W + a x 0 rn P ýý ýc d 1ö 0 * Nz w 0 ä O'. w . i-H i W oA O w" Pq 0 0 " $4 A ý 4-4 w o a (ý' ö O% O r-1 Cat L-., NO CV n to CO-H z Nr CM OÜ 14 fA H 0 f/) ) 0 ND CM N -_IN OD \o 4. H "ý3 N O% Cß'1 r-1 -.IN N W-1 (D :ý to 03 . 0 m 1 of >) Zo (1) P NaV 00 OD 00 HN c- V'% r-i --411 4-1 '4 z Wcd r1 r-I r-I H 00 A cli 13) U a$4 . rr4 v l U as Q N a P o c` H r-I -P " 0 0 0 to O a 0 r-4 P-1 P.\o rn +' a) ý1 cdz cd 4rn 4 CN to H r1 "A to r1 U 0 H [ý rI Ord i 1-4w Ö az FD F-j E-4 . r4 -P a°ý cv P H U) -t r- 0 O\ NO 05 4 ti r-I O L` Nn LII- Cri n Vl .H - as a, $4 0 V 4-3' En U r-i 00 L` V1 CD V1 (> U) C- 0 rj rn _e ul HO O\. rI x U) to a0 00 H Ca r-I r-I w VCO NCd w r-i w V "ri "rl 0' ri " -i +' cd -N O i+ +' NC7 cis z ýý H r1+' 2 . rl I (I) +/ý -o "ý P-rn v t w v) H 0 4 Cd Cd 4-4 Cd 44 0 rn m -PN as +, 4"31 O 'd 0 "I"1 14 x -ri W V) -P :30 :3 Cd 10 r-I q 4-1 05 b ti Ln '0 o rn r- rn %D Cdt--j .e r-i r-4ätoN o o O O C) NN L'. O v1 O xD \O N O xH O c'1 0 V1 O' ul N N r-i rn 0 0 + CO vl Co co VN N . r-I --' -7 P4 0rj i-I r-i º-I C` o1 -I ß 9 (dö r-i 4) H c 4-, cd Cd 0) 0 p 94 4-311 0 439 4.3 9 0 A, P4 0 rd-Pö m 0) 0)05 00) (DO -4 A A 0 pq P4 N E CD"r$ 0 N }P$4 O 1 Cd r-4 04 {' p ra , Cd wO d) 9: :39 r-q to () 0 0"A f4 t) . rA rd P-4 * 0 H hzHP ht-3 H ** Cl) U, 40 ý ul wo c'1 v1 -ý

0

O N H DO r-j 'O bi " A 94. cal r cý 0 --: cr L` .rI cd H rn r1 ,% t` O> 0 \O .-' CO N P4 OMP, " NN v1 NN V1 P.,Lo o )' r-i vl \m ul 05 .: r-I \o ýo cY1 cY1 'D cý1 cYl 'o to as .o a-4 U Q rn c'I L` a ul N r-1 \o [` -P ý4 rý UI O N O+ 'r a) wa rn N ul vl 0 N- O\ \O Nlös" (" 1 ("1... Lam. N L` Cl) -3 5\°

H 40 W N \0 \O N co N O :I U) "1"I a O, O\ O' N O' N UN 1 I-I r-1 N "rl X -p O W H . rico 4-> Id N -t W 0 N N ýh , u-I -3 cad

4-4 0 a) a) A N r-I -I cd :g (D Cd ö cd w 0 cd a 4-3 E-1 iii H N Cd a C, -P ca El -PCd O"$4C) N DP Id $4 OZ 4J " C) cd "ri N E 0

H ý 0 ha ö 0 º I 0) 1 41ri ä Pz 10 ä" aö ° mo u cv .o o$.,

0 4 -11 -

M >4 a, W ý1 aD

H Ell w ý O r C .w -Cd G) o o N AW -ri t` 0 Vl N 0

H A Wo4-i PCI

\0(7\ 0 P4 1-3 Pin ývö I "H C- ", N. ,. .1 to H N +1 . tr N. "N . "ri cd Cd . A aD 40 rI tom- C .3 cd 4 N e-i N C4 Pl -1 P4 0 H Nä 4-4

0 a) P4 E-1 4-39 1 ä ä r i P 9 öw a M E-4 b '0 w 9 N- N c' 1=. V ", ý No 0"ý ý HP4 M CD.+3 ci ýý M -C41 `-ý N "r. 4 .Cd Ww MNx cd $4 Fq '"4 4) td U EH Q AM r-1:s a, w 4-2 0n"ß to V) Cd I Q% "'ý ÄW0 Cd ,ýýj 4) C4 rt4 ýuoa\" P + , h n r-I N a) ,1 N. oo r 0 p 'öi; CO H co 0 0 Z rj) -4 .1 V+ 4

cd +2

'- "ý H H I rd N cd a a a cd cd ccd cd to c UI R: H a, rI " 'p ä H Äz P ° v , N 4-1 i 0

0 0 Nu1o00\O V100N V1(> 0 L`0*% rl N rl Ao cncd 4. rI cL`.; D: r`u; L`O OlýO4"IO cz C r-1 cd to 0 o r-I ri rl r-I Je r-1 r-1 r--I CsJN-0 CJ 'O C'4 4-3' Cd tr "O G) r-I c) w w "n P-4 go "ý Cd "04 bN W ca 9: a V_ 'd V1 r-i 41 rd Ov C-1 s P., U e-,3 r-i to tI H U VI V1 n tom-Ll-%ýo rn [` 00 rl CC 00 0 Ln4 o 0D N 94 C) ß' N'o "Q HH WC is r-I O: (r1. [`%Z V1 N . -t t- av Vý CD c7, A V] rl OO VlJe N n'O ri L` Vl ON0. Nt` 'O \O --1,0 cd 4-1-p H Co c''1r4 rl C-a0 nN Q\. 1' " G) " () UI H E-i tt4p N CM CMrlrl N 0. -p m cd 02 CV. d c Ö n Az $Z +3 E-4 r Ö cd A vl -H p (D -p M Lo U -p 0 Ei to p In ' CoHCd 4-4 cd a) Q) ý COas M v 4) 0 VH bA N0 ä O 944 w "i \0 1 p Q) . "r"I a) Pa cd 0- vo w 4-f C\ -P N ý co 0rl a C) C\1 C\j C- a, z0 cýI LO,n C\j n cretincnoao % O N aý * Vco co C- C- 0 Lnrnn Hz O\ O O\ rl r-I , O\ 00 O\\O N o c`o. Z".trIN-: t CC) Hý ö a"r i--I V'1 L`o0V1\O . H 1C N VH 04 Hriv1NN H C` .HN -' N d. LQ . CO NV (Dr- r-i AWdz zow H r*1> aDvP . \O OM O\ O O 1 CLO\ r-I 1 td ri 4-i zh U rd 9-4 0 UN (P G) C) O 0 43 b.0 .rO (U E-40 Op n JZ r-1 p +p "H cd h "rl a-, 9-1 Ei Ir: aý ý+l a) r-i 4-1 OD vl CD O a0 N- 0 C''1N 4 O( " 1 'ý gz%OU00 NC Y% r-I r-1 ri e-1 r-I "r . OHP4 O crlp ,-t yr O\ 00 u lt Vr c'1 Ulm CH -P U r4 ulr-1 NONN GO C\I [` Vl ý ri 0 az 0'. r-i ý \ " ri P3 0 0) N t0 . rl R3 O\ -p A--1V1 -r-, 4-1 -ri r-i Cd C% > C) 94 bDr4 -r 4 (d a) I cd 17.1 'd ý1 +' r 4-1 0rl to a"r4 O" 1 +) M r a-- .. v fA to Id :i Z: O W 0 D2 N NOO>O> ot" on [` N O\\O L` o 0, % NO $ r. co> Lam- VI Oh C` HO r-I -zt 'o C- c c+1cam. r C` X1 OD Nn r-I Vl cu '0 ul O\ N _' 00 u1 VI%CD ri 0 3 Ei- "rl NO'0DC\HV10.: co n00 Vl Co --t- .e H a C\ Wlrl NNý, 0 NN H aD0\OWl d tin H O r-i c 0 r-4 Cd H r-i 10 r--2 Eti 00 P i " I-2Za nm

cd cd +' r1 cat r ul C vvv vv.ý cd Ell 4", A CJI " Old 14 15 N " 4p cd Id cd ca cýäý o4 N 4i 'd to U) r14 t/, 9 4 car r-4 Cd C a) a) -P Cd :j Cd "044.1-ri ) `4 0 C. a cd 1) . r4 (ý] r'I p . $4 cd N Q ý N 0 N"-i(d Cßß0O cd Cd ccdd"(DCddwäiai H <ý hcn>-I Z HC-4CYEn zAaxI-D haq xA Ef) x x

ca o go O C1 N Ln N r"I N Ol 4.1 .N- 00 CA N M [l- 44 "11i-J '--1 N -1 to cd uN CO " " N O O O Cý 4) ýr O M t-. 1: N et C; In L4 N M N 91 .4 O . -1 %o P. %0 a rn

W x E- 8 Az 6 O WN O V aý Cd - bo w V N N - 'd 11 'd .4 1 ". 1 "rl v1 "rl as U 4-1 0 i"' 9 ý.' rl . 'b . rl N "r1 C. IA 0 N $-4 ". "I 00 O G) O 0O F i+ Cd on .ý .,-4 x V) '--1 s. U1 a) C) cd 0) E s4 r-4 ( C N iJ 4+ F+ E r= $4 "d d w $- 'T 1-4 '1 0U i-+ 0 0 i O -1 cl ýo Q) OO i- 00 1-4 c) i H Cd u (71 > = t4 t4 L) 3 }+ In $4 3 Cd ", $4 a54 0 a .4 4-J U , -"1 P1 "rl vl u a, E a E 00 as "M 4-+ cd 44 w. '-1 cd w ,1) 0 4 O N O O O F+ Q' 4 O' y "r1 0 'b "r rzi "i 4J -4 w a O ß N vi ü w O 4. di O a v, x U dc >. >. cä O "-4 5-i In U 4-) ý4 41 N a ý. ' i VI C) $4 VI " 1-4 ". WO i t0 i+ "rl CO V) cd 4-I S. a 5 d 0 _4 i-+ 9-1 'd 4.) cd it U) E O E O r H 0 Cd 0 . 1-4.0 Fr 'd cl F4 $4 G) +4 W W '" "1 cd -4 O E + > ° a 4 u cn w E- u In ö 4 , 5, aý U "i-I 4 4 5.I (/) E"-4 =) Z N v) '0 l- a0 01 ri ld .0 r-1 .4

oa H TABLE 4.1.

1961 Jordan Census Statistics taken from

a) Interim Report No. 5. P. 60: Pp. 69-74. b) Interim Report No. 7.. P. 98. Pp. 118-122. c) Interim Report No. 8 P. 127. Pp. 150-154. 0 0 r-1 "ri cd +ý 0 ti VK. 'o 0 I cd Na 0) +2 co co 0 t 0 cd A +11 O ni 0)P4 M41 oNa) +'ld En cd o 1 G) r-1 o "cd -P 4-4 aN aý 9: +P 4-4 ow C' V1 r4c'. o Ul% ti 00 CD rn O% co o i"0 Hz 0 aDrn r-i 1 4- +p 0 N z ah N UO Ho O'. tin s~ z rno H r-I U 4-1 ( cH O rl aa ur\o O cd cd cw är-l 0 psý Ný02Pi 00 . ri wH 9a+ß je> htn\o a O oa 0 O 0 O\ ul Io 'O O "ri V) o cd " H 4-3 No - 0m0 "-r " p . -` +)ri +ý02 _- . bD+3 0' 02 M "r1 O P4 :3 Cd o0. H +' c ý0 +' N" ti cad U] + f/l O t"- a) $Z In h\o ö II +> 0 CH C% H r-1 Cd O 1 O rl 0 0O\ 9 ;3 4J $4l0 w. -i 4-3 W 0 m 'd 0 4-i +p za G) C' VIN w 4- NOS ä' ti :1 bß ä. cý1 ti titi D2 x, 4 C' rl NZ 4-3 U ". r1 o +-) CY%aýý ti H 1d0 U) týb HH od"rA o ti ý CO 9: 02 H U) ä -P `V z 0ttoca iý UýCJ

N

N 0 N Hz 0 Hý 0 H H U) a u++ we CO 95 C

'1y o1 4J ,C ,O C *+ co /º _

MM .Q .i MMM ä ä°p u0 + 4dUS aº in 00 .4WW co c! Clio N CNlO441Jt$. MIr . M 0 b d1 .C to

bc -N z O 0 O Ii to o ve-. v ioov-: ooO Ot+OO U, dR 0.. If loli %i 0ma9oorfa+aIo, rn. ao a+. n R, ...... 0 rý 00Yf0 Ln0 t-rIeIA--1rýrl0 N0 N aö 10 n. 0 ýo eýao. ý. +0. +ý00000 Co co -$ .r .4 w 00 Co M rl . -- "4 In 924 VN fV MN %0 -e %0 -4 1-I4A A N W N U OD Q J a N N Q ýn

ett Oa! 0+0a+0a N oo., 10! 0! o, 000OOOOOO in in Oo in I ei v e! rn99999I T! Uq O. MO 10) 0M C. -a un Ln vn vn N NN NO 000 Cv rn n o+ v (4 o+ OMNNNOO nN i - '0 Mä r/ }M !-N in O1 Gf N 01 -41- '-4 0 äd ti oa N oaa vý N d w ob o tn ov s. äx.. x aý ao m ý '13 U) aa ca 6) N E oFa """' 4xi Fam. n Co 3 ýC X>3 U %0 NMy M ý1 ° °. Co "' UIM 4 CC 41 4+ 0 Qw wC N7 a+ In 4) 0 u F+ M .d u 3 1a+ y 0 U1 v Co aua ~o C r. i 0-4 C).1y 0 6 C s. F V1 q 7 " 4) O Nw r= r. . Cd 164 di Cd äw u Co 0 Q" 0 b x N 3 Co w v O " y 1 v "ly aNCC ý1 O O M .1 ý. ,y CL. 3r 4) 41 Co d. N N uOW 1. . 13 >. 4 7 41 'O w -f PC ".r Co d o". + 30r, 41 waca -d E o "C M C 41 N- -4 41 gl. 0 fl. Co 4) u u Co v ý. y -4 = d > > Co to Co u " ý "-1 NOaMmw . ti d 4.+ 00". 4 f... ý O 0 O .d 0 U Co Co 6O6O41 C-00". 1 Co M 4)> w w ü w « + s F. cd e"4 Co = Z.. C 4) a $- d X o O OO F. O a Id Co Co Co Co r+ M Id .i .. ti N O ,X 41 [3 FN W4 =G1NF.. 2N xu N Z M M -1 6 .C C ~ Id W Co Co Co z 0 4) 6U>W 3 tu a,+"i.. 4 EÜ>. iÖ .ý W 0 92. 4.1 O OW X YI M "Z' ". 1 O M : + O r lxN". N ". 1 -4 OCF. MM". + Co 7QMf. F. 3 4+ OH of e Co « a E1 we di. 0 Co 4-1 a o .+a + ".. 0o Co P. a > Co w 0 . -1 l a 0 ö .a u Oa $. 2 x .1 64c 41 M41 ý 0 M0 M .a > 0ý Co O Co .1 s to ~ ~ b 10 3 3 a 3 C - $- > F.. i:: la A. 44 Co CO x " : ee 7 O a) Wd vl >. W e0 fr H > OM .C .A -4 M av ä ä 9 84 °NM- 01 y 00 0ý 0 ýr o: Co b t - -ti Co i: d ma 9 41 u) "o 4+ 4+ fU .-i --i 4 0 u b w U) a M U7 w 0O td 7 0" i" O ä ös to ý 0 41 0 W P. Fa La= W W a x x a x x TABLE 4: 3b STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF VALLEY -

HIGHLAND DIFFERENCES

2 (O- E) Test

Percentage Urban (sample) -P=<0.025

Household Head -a farmer -P=<0.025 Family Unit with Workers -P=<0.050 outside West Bank Moved during War < _P= 0.050 < 0.010 Attacked during move -P= < 0.001 Foot Travel to river _p= < Foot Travel from river _P= 0.050 NS Town/Village attacked before _P= move

Rural Family Unit with no land _P=<0.050

First Destination (East Valley _P=0.025 or East Bank Plateau)

i hhNC. OOOOO llO CO NO v1 0% 0rNNN00 C- 0 os O 10 NN 0% r-1 10 l'1 1.0 EE (IN 3Q ti

a o a tý c^ o. ýo o ao w ao ýn ýn ýn Q N OD %0 00 ý V1 0 NN N ul CD z .o U)z 0 Ellat ti

rn r\ o0 00 O m .o 4t r\ .7rn a 0 ri [` u1 1-1 OO rl O V% C-1 0 N H ri N L'1 r-I N 1-4 C"1 %0 O' N a a ti

CA E W r7 Lý ýO rl N ll C' Q' NO NN CO O " d a0 U) %rli OD El- VI V1 NN vl 0 vl Lý N O P-4 EaH D CYN N n %O WIN ýi 0 ä C7 o o a o ýo o ýn %I o r\ ti N ;x; a O 00 o O% n a O "o P1 '-i %O ri 1'1 %0 L- H A W w 0 and d r1 r-1 >, a ajP o >o J aý N aýpa > Cd Cd ;- PQ -40 ý d o ý 40 cd .i aom 0 +) cd M Cd cd cd w $4 9W In 4J . 14 -4 6 V> -4 WN $4 o ý w 0 4 -00 PP. 0 4) 39 1C "" ,1 .. moo .1 c t+ it Q aý Pr o 0 o kw 4 + a cd -I , + '" p ýd +p ý P. ." " cd cd äd U+ 4' $4 it tr as ro w W ow o >> >a >b >> >> >, 0A ro Oir 0 1-; It .iod m 'O 0 m l m p p p p p pp >+ O O a 0+- P4 'o -1 .. 4 vk ö b 4- r 0) 14 Id n c pp m d 4i . -1; 4) i4 ed dN a) $.4 03 > . -4 . 'ýiöýd Ww q q . w d rý 0 +3 Lria) -44$4 s s e : s$ +1 -44- crcd 00 Id 0 70 a) .c . "-1 P oW -4 +' $4 m d7 $4 "+ 7 ý' ý4 V. It 0 0) w 4) 44 KAP 4-1 O N i' Rt 'cl N cd 4 1 U a> N ý p p -l W ºa bb W i - -4 R! 00 i' ý fy -1 > as r O Id -4 w O s t e t 6t w oo N r7 cd 64 k $4 c. A t+ 14 0 0 d .., 4) g0 > +' r1 2 ä54 0 ""-I. -l ý v HA P40 x ww ab acd TABLE L.: 4b STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INTER- REGIONAL DIFFERENCES

: S(0 - E)2 E

Perception of poor historic relations with the Jews (Hebron V other districts) P ( 0.025

Mode of travel to river (Foot V other modes) P= ( 0.025

Crossed river by fording (Nablus V other districts) P= ( 0.01 First destination (East Valley or East Bank Plateau) P= ( 0.05

Family with 1+ workers outside West Bank P= ( 0.025

TABLE 4: kc FIVE REGIONS SUB SAMPLE SIZES

Number of Cases Proportion of total %

Nablus 36 22.1 Ramallah 19 11.7

Jerusalem 35 21.5 Hebron 22 13.5 West Valley 51 31.3 TABLE 4: 5 SAMPLE SIZES (NUMBER OF CASES) FOR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

Two Regions Five Regions

West Valley 44 West Valley 44

Highlands 103 Nablus 33

Ramallah 17

Jerusalem 32

Hebron 21

4: 6 TABLE TWO REGIONS : DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION COEFFICIENTS

Variables Function I

1. WOREXWB -0.60797 2. GOVT -0.40592 3. TOTVALB -0.43797 4. EBDESTM -0'. 49013 5. CONPLAC -0.72268 6. HOMATT -0.57849 7. MOVATT 0.47496

Function I Eigenvalue = 0.24207 H NN CID 'O %C O\ O\ 0 Co O> O% nH0 C\ fß'1 0 L- 'O N p', )- crl CO n L` O -z- -: 1,0 -e r-I O-' 0 N- 4' C O, \O t O\ r4 .: e-1 --j' rl r-i r- O' \O H 4' NH V OOOOOOOOOOO 11111 In H z H U H W FT- H H O H U zV 'i 0 H t N- v1 'O ("1 --: \D C\ c- z O C'1 N- co Vr \O ON O\ Cam-Lam- ON "rl . -1 O\ \O ' O\ N O,% CO U"\ CV H0 N- QN Cpl -rH .: r) H0 V) O7 ul H U C) N V) HN \O \O t'''1 O C'2 U .z 9OOOOOOOOOOO W11111 w H

Hz H H H 4Z \o \D N \O O\ H v1 NN ON 00 U N '-4 O, O, V"% N. C\N. 0 ul N O U1 L` rl 0 O\ Vl NN N- 0 OD rl N co n co vl v1 O, HO C` i' 0 crl HCOH C` NO OOOOOOOOOOO 11II1111 W z HO

H

H r. O\ V% r ul \o NN \O r -i O Co C 00 N ap n Vl N -z>V) O' O "0 w "r4 O' rl 00 .ý cm 0 L` aD ý N . NN U') Cr1 V1 O U r-i --e r-1 rl u1 r-I U1 OOOOOOOOOOO O' ,D rl C" rRry W r-1 O\ ri CO CV1 r1 HO OOOO C U) HHy HHHH H 9 1-4 ä H H W H H p y 0 N ä z > ye . rI "rr "rrI "rrI H ä °x w UU c07 44 E°-+E°+ vii I4 cd . O C\l n Vl L` 00 al W ,> r-I -t rl ri 6,4: Tables 4: 7 - Guide to Abbreviations (All variables refer to 1967 family situations)

CONPLAC Connections at intended East Bank destination.

EBDESTM East Bank Destination in. mind before. arrival on East Bank

FAMATT Attack on family before Move

GOVT Family members employed with Government

HOMATT Home village attacked before Move

LANDA Amount of land at (West Bank) place of residence

M1 MOVATT Attacked during Move

REGPRJ Perception of local history of poor relations with Jews

SEX Sex of Household Head

SUPFAM Number of family members supporting family

TOTVALA Total Value of Property at place of residence

TOTVALB -Total Value of Property at other locations

WOREXWB Family with Workers outside the West Bank %lk V, V1, VN Vk " n \o co co '.o " V) 0c) " C7 r-IO N H N P o C\l \0

0 I-1 H

N 0 O. r. P4 4 p. 4I '. p O n (f's r co 0- O\ r-1 O\ E/) . U] w - O 0'

ý ý o 0 ý 0 0 4.o U2 N r -I CC) 0 p. i l W\ n O\ CO rI 4 V1H H N N rl 0 H C7 H q WN I b. '. ö. bý i P4 rl 0 co 'ý `v : s n Q N ,n o t ä 'd H 4 ýI H 0

Ef) a H z c0 ~ r-i l N 0 0 w 00 ri (ý a CC)" N r-i o o W. x c5 H n 0 o 0

H w W U) U 4-r tý C El) C- cv N cd c H n 4. W oo w z 0

> ö U) z CC) F-4 U) 0 - x P4 E-4 z ä h xpq C/) Ü pq Ü 0 aw N cal H C7 r-I -ý V1 Pa cd 0 t- t- t- U1 Lr M M Lfl r-1 444-) .I _ _. O ON N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M N 4) H VA to O U) ,-I CC) M M N\ N N H H .' cc) 44 9'H H .t OO

0 z (1) to Si A H 4-) cd 03 : 4-4 to ILI 0 r-I O a C13 3: 4) rd P 0 cd to Ö cd Ü O 4-ý 4-31 0 N (1) V. cd & H O U) 43 $: F! R cd N 4-i O_ E q .[ CO O ' a 4-- ), 03 ' Cl -, 4 l4 -4 U] .Q + m +ý H C4 y, cd U) cd O (D -' 0 (L) 0 bO 4.) Eý a) D 4.4 co +3 F4 'd 13 'ý "r1 P i1 "ri fQ 4.4 d-) N(d -4 d f l c0 " -I a) H .N (D 4.) O. c H ý ý a a) aý .NI I Cd 4 4) 'ý' 4) Qi t) U] 'd 43 a"ri " . 1 l F-I :3p l H P 9 C H 4- r O O cd cd r 0) - -1 . V. cd 0 00 0 si Ha) U)Q 19 cdcd ö N y P:4 xý a arm H0 x 3 v P:. pq wH ö

r-1 cd w+) OO CV .: ' CC) M CC) O CN i b. 01 º+1 ti; O :' N rl t- to N N rl H co a) 4-1 m 0 9.4 "O UN N \D H [-- r-1 l0 0 ý O 'D . rl H M a O p 'd 43 (1) , a El öcd a) "rI a 0 C 04 P rn cd 9.4 $4 a) "ri (1) () o "ri a) C.) Gi4 p 4 +) cd r-i0 4-:1 N+>"A vQ bO 4) (1) Cd P 4) Z V2 Ea cd04 ý i ý ä 4 "ä cd 0 cd cd 0v i r -I rn % Fý Cd H of Ü cd "ri '0 -ri U r -1 cd 4 4 4-1 G-4 r-IO 4-4 4-4 6-a o 0 00 0 cd 0 09 fa i4 cd C k a) P4 F.f Cd cC cd cd 4.4 0 cd C0 cd cd .NV. H N N (D 0 4) N Z" a) O "r1 ,q Ei W 1+ W 43 I 0cd w fz4"riE H 4: 10 TABLE REASON FOR MOVE - ORIGIN REGION RATIOS

Fear of rape Event and sit- or massacre uational pressure responses : responses

HEBRON 15.0 :1

WEST VALLEY 8.9 :1

JERUSALEM 5.0

NABLUS 2.4 11

RAMALLAH 2.3 s1 r-I

h o o o O o 0 ö 0 ö 0

,C1}1 ý w

C) U U U U U) U C) U > W 'O cu W N to t/I O i-' ri r O O O O O t" Cd O 0 0 O O 0 4-1 f4 rz a) "rl 0 0 O 0 O a) " a\ xw %0 . :' O n C'1 H Q\ Ohr-I N N H H L` N aý N1ý a o aý G4 fý o 9 H h3 to f-1 P W 4-3 E-1 Pq H N Ui W "H Cd cn U U U "ý Pf v2 m CD 4-1 10 to rd H4 N i-1 E-+zý. a 0 o PQ CO H cd b a "ý :t rd -ri «,1 0 cd ö H (1) aW h N H E-l r-i z 1 Ua ö Do 0 x E-1 ri # U) U wz ö ö ö ö ö ö 0 4- + zO O 0 0 o to o >f 4-1 i O %o c` c+ 0 c` o CY\ U 02 i+ U ri G) 4-'

Ei H b 'r4 9 Ö H H W r -1 'ý 1 U Q) H

" c äý 4.1 t4 %1 rl , N H 0 W V1 lV x C-1 * v2 0 0 CD O O O O O O O O 0 to p ý L 14 (1) V') :4 \0 0 19 P, 4) + -P x aý * aq Ea 0 0 0 0 0 0 a (D 00) o 0 O O cn H W n N vl O u1 VN cd 4A A W Ea N O 9 -; - (1' P., Cl) a 4-3 bo co S -P 4-10 NO . o, C) C- -- r-i co°' " PCl) r-q a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 rn ö k. In o In 0 ' C"1 oN tv1 u')O 0O 0O 0o 0o 0O VAV\ co ONN- Cl) rl -z' + C\ (D r-i r-I H 1 C IT N N cal N '0 rl 5 o r{ r Ö W1 'd 0 - W C9 4-I U 'd cd aN PLO cd 'd C- r-I EO mä rn to Pa r1 W " 0 PCI b 0 ö >-I w o O o O o o O O o O f-i +' Lz] W W O cl- O o O O O o O r- 0 Cl) s~ O N OD O \O O V ) O O > ,' Cl) 1 a r-1 "r4 } Elý r-1 O Oý ýO Vl (1 Oý Vl vl N 0 0 W N [- N (1) N cd dao a P4 P P4 E-4 EO hw b 0 0 0 "r-i 0 N äi a a ß cd cd r -1 W * W * m 0 0 * .ý+ý +3.ý U) P., O 0 P ::j cd

N I 1 c H U 0 . W d b cd a) 0) 4 a I N p : ,d Cl) cd C) F! 2 H z V1 ý. d ,c - '2 1 H [ d 0 . . H C .i: ' `d a N sý s s-ý P r ý4 . 4 ö CD 0 0 0 "9r -1 o o * w 1 4 cd H X. . r-I * 0 0 0 H : # * * VI 4-4

N H a> 0

cd U E4 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W o o 0 0 0 0 0 CD o o 0 0 0 0 0 N ö ö ö .O cc) 'Ö to rn rd Ei ri () .r z00 JZ ...... W o\o 6 CY% U U U U U U U .x 4)9 M" . rý r. Uy N 4 1 f-w ,: aw

a cý a

H a) u2 pq a) 0 OU rl z 4-1 U0 4i W pO HNa) P4 a' cd 4 cd O +31 m cd . -1 0 a) [d (D cd 4-4 cd t 0 d P4 0 4`1 V 0 .4cd 0 cd Q) "ý cd .+'r., U2 Pal U2 h N H N i! ] Cd W 15 cr) 4-4 Q) U a U O H 0

I Ln v, 00 r-I

r-I U)H wö U] rn U] +' H1 Z a) . ýO H" 1 ON 0 Hd .--I N \0 U) (ý1 . -I N W 4-1 00 H o H waHQ 4-3

U) N z9 z rn cý c5 hHoz unoHa N rd a) zH \0 n \0 0 d m c i v cd a N W N HH ul

HAzw U, 0 z H zv H + H oz 0 HH Cd H o c A HW xo 0 CO N H H -P cd +' -F' H CD cd V (1) 4 Cd 'd "'-i

ff 0 ýI 9p 0 [ß x +' 0 -P Cd U] 'O () cd 4-' cd UQ Cl) (V V2 " U) P 4' U2 I V .ý V2 Cd u) a) cu rl "r4 Ö Cd ýP., NÜ +' U N

N (1) 514 cd iý N

H 1

N Cl 0 4-1 cti 0 ü P. Cd 0-8 10 a""4 ý 41 0o Q 4 1 $4 yy 1 'b: y 0N -cd 1O bo (A 4v 8 Li 2u G) 0 b0 ö ai W NC cd N ý i. )0 .a CO u v ý -1 4) Q)) cd °; . 71 4-) tn aD ; g4 J r-4 V) 4J4J r--4 4j ., öoo5 0 u ýbö ITJ C3C", cU > ß1010 N 4I . r'^l i) - ,w r -1 id iý Cd V)

r-4 4J r-I lm4 4-) 4) . r-q 4J 0I 84 C

0-1 1-1% .ý .NM -. .' ct r-4 C14 MtT L!'1 r4 N ý"-1 0 4J rn n z° C, 4J ö zo cr zý' N x O U F+ a co i N O a N r1 A 20 44N 4 Fr y . N 0 "r+ +J CO CO 4-) a 3ü 4J N W on o N o .ý cd r-1 M +-) P. i4 "P 4 "rl i cm oo". i a.) z 0 ä () 0 IJ r+ V1 }) N (A b Ni-) r- 0 -0 G) w x0 "rl :r v E° cýdU 8 o sý G) If) cýýw lal, 4-4 th ýr 4J Cd

6'0 w a> aý

Ic:Cd

S ö

äl 0 r, °z En e 0

to -4 Oo0 000000 0 000000'O O"r'n . noon 00 0o or of odoNN NO O Vf 'O N Iý NM 1ý Q Vf N off 0 "-1 1- C% in 10 N-- rl NN My ý-1 N rl rl in fV I' 4- Oi oM

"" w"" e- .r .r rf v co an O O co -4 O N Co .O -4 r O a ao co en NM 1O O ýf ýf 1 DO 1 a. 1NI 1Na. N 1'O .D O

O 1- h H 7ý C 12 C r 0 M 0 O .0"+ O- 4 ýi rl ýl M " .. - O P. Co B a 4 g24 m O ti. E AM u Co Z fý N -0 .4 0 wo -4 , a:::: . -m 0 4) a I- p: c_ v: P. 0 .+ p:: -0 . LO "+ .4 z 44.4 as Co WA fto mzd. ...a 9e Co -0 - -- 4+ 4+ dd a Co tu 5. $. - vy o+ - c ' CO cc .-4 M wd Me v C4 a) ca co .. nN Uu NN u Otd NN 0 ° X ° N F0 z z E- C .. r Cd 0 Cd c0 'o -v o, o CO C7 4) .. b d G) l0 10 E 4+ a) a+ 4J - 4J IV N c0 4) r. > Co ". r 0 td 0 (0 (0 vi N aa 'd L O N a4J 1-- EC 7: N V z F id 0 2 t0 {w ýd S z T ý+ N a

4) O 7 a CeM ..1-- h 4J

N O 4+ M .. 4 ..., "o x N 44 W +.J0) N CO F-I 3c J Ili u W f+ N N M 0- "44 M .. / fr 4+ . -41 44 {: N i. "q . ý""1 N t- N C V) Gl ". i w0 r- c f. N N N ) U N N oE a+ M ti -4 O ' Co e :: a:. oq .0 w 0> .p .e:. In .M 4) .0bcaN A 4+ +. d rn KA .C fd ld 0 w E ""+ 00 N. "A 00 F. N. q cd ". m O . rl 0 E I W. 2: ¢ ZM a. x -4 a, x x ¢ "-. z 41 4 .+ N- 0 Co2 jai w 41M 0m1 F d 4J w N q oo "Cý H d C' r-4 LD "v E .+c ög y- d "rl 1 b b i. )I a bDNd te k .n . tom n ". r . ". ý . "" Id0I 10 '"7 CO Ni O OD Co 01 OD Oý N 01 01 N ... O N. 1- 00 n . -1 .O 1ý 1ý OO t' .O 1O .0 1O . -4 1' 00 .ý lO tý t" 1"O1 lO lO 1ý tý lO .aCoI W f+ tC ". ý C a A4.No .O -4 "O 7 Of M Vf . -1 Co N. xLA Co U'... 1 f- F. N. rl t- N. M 01 e0 . -1 .N. 7. NiNJ 41 Ný00 OMVf r1 ýd O1 . Of OV)ppN O1N y0f 01 01M V1M MM 'O f+oo CO I ý7 Co Ni N NI . 4-4 N N OO N "") NNQý. y ri N . -'1 rl N- N w az ." u cd .ýV CL.4) 4j Qi a Co 2 dcm y! o Yi ".+ " . ode 01 < v r4.1 oE 0ouw b

.0E E) q "-4 E y> 0C CG 4J e0 CO w C> Coeye r"1 N ". 4 N Ed 0 ~i Xr. >t7 In Etu "" 4) . C 4)N C CL, I. - daxsca "v >. ww (a 4" E. E "0 6 0-4-M .-a".. N -4 W F'. Co 4) Ow 4-+ N Co.. - fr t0 00 . -1 NE00 ""-4 4-+ 4+ OOMC 0- 0" "-4 4) I C0 Co C- CL K 4+ a+ 9 Cl >E E . ". rl . cd co o 0. 4) W r+ M> COM Cd ""4 (0 N L' E C." N Co v1 4.+.. I L+ eb M> ""-1 m dC u i 0 %H 44 4) Co CO 0 .. ý -A ýq q) 4) Kg 0 4) Co r. qg ß. 4) -4 Co 4) LU ZNý º PO v) XX6 ZC709mL2PQ C7 6>Z04C - COvx) O'. 924 0

ua -o MOY a. 4 to «+ 04-4,0 90 F. Co > o0 o0 4 1940 d r4 o0 0 c: -a 43 "SSoSoiS .... III -M -3. Co -4 -4 O vn av W N

kb H »o d 3 o. +. n es Z Cob > D co at e4 'D F- N o r+ Az bwa 11N11 O1 11 0O Ll OnN 1- N 1 rl -I MNN . -1 N . -4 C Co 4J rl uaadý r+a N as U

p 'O od wiM ýtl NN l0 00000000N0000 I+ aa i0 bu 0001 "l lý 1M00NN0 1` HF Na0 NM '0 N '0 NNMMMNN Oý cd -4 M i0 d -4 NQ äý CL. t2 In w .. Q O F wb a vu I-.F`z M cc 0 yb7 0 0 0 41 o .+ 1 eo0 o0 N0 n0 0o 0o 4n n o0 o0 1 10(e 0%In ca al 4-b N 11 F- to co Go .4 p1 n 0 - N N N O 4 0o ti 0 Ho -4 -- . 44 I. U z "" M N

N N ýr 0. 0 W M

4) 10 44 4a 9: as .. a 'o 20 0in 0 'o 8OaO0 OO0 OO OOoN Nf %0 O11 el in to u ON! ! eo -7 0 800 ý4 N aA aO .4MM 00 - 8 -4 - NNN- e-1 rl r-1 r-1 N rl 19D b- MQ N ca

N co a O in V Ub 4+ C ýd 8888°°8ým0 N a+ -e a 0 . -1 O ýD of NV

H M ;w 0 r cis _ 'A to 0 a as ba -3 C; E- 0 6 I-. H u .. s e U m ".. E a _ «. «. 4-b t ö r' ä °i -3 0r .c s - - o A .. m ý+ !0 Ö 6 a+ N X x ZN Eý N it 4 U7 u Z W 99 z0 4 t+7 cl- 0 r1 N U) a) U p N H E-4 En 00 H \000 .*000itiiII10 N i1 NN -I' C\t n c"1 H . Q a) 1-i 9 H U) U2 O

O P40 H Q N P-4 to y N H a) U) H N z O1% aý 00000000000000 00 1100 tinI V% o0oVOOio r\ o H V1 N \O ul N rl C` N 00 r-i Vl *%O 0 H U') n W cd O En U 0 41 CD Cd H a) p Cd

a 0 4) b .' aý ý 0 . or o 0 H C N C5 Cd :> 24 S 0 0 ~ 0) O s cd O "ý P 'd o x a rd ° H cd N -P 4-7 x I E t, O c1i ' ° P4 y "ý cn o "ri U P 1-4 C: x> "r1 N o o 0) 4-4 4-I N "rl N H o o l . r4 rl E-i o rd 0 H v, cn 0 0 z w xmz z w 0z cn H in z 0ti c5 0 0 to ý- o E-1 r-I N c"1 C4 H H 0 z z HO H H E-i z 0 w c5 w. L` ýD Vl N 01 c'1 H EA r-i O O N H N N 0 U) a --t H O'C- HH d

EnP-4 wN N F4 c` EH zH c 0 c7 A iH co N- to z -r-l cd Pa 0 cd CD 0 "ý +' +' U +' cd i' cd +' N a9 bý 1'9 äC3 -P p (1) N- U cd p Wp r{ -P -F' Z +' CO 1D (d cd ,ncd "rl r -l 0(i) a) 'd ý' "r1 ýi $4 S; "d _ H .O .p 4-21 Hr-I "f4 CH "ý H "ý "rj p '1 r-{ 9 H PL4ý t Cd P (D -ri "ý U 'dQQ) ali ÜN i-i CO rj 0P' ßäP+ +'aa Ca +ýa (1) o +) c) CdU] O U) m ýw a o cdI as "o "d a'd ti 0 o "r+' "rj -ii 44 Cd 0) cd (L) o rl P 0 (D'd N 0 Hr "d rd +'' "d .4 Cd '4' 0- P- rn .-o pq '., EQ`. g -, U]

Ur' C.-

N 0

o 0 o0 o

v.'

C4 C4 v

0 O0 AWG H H 0 " U m x N E 'ri14 w 0 H N 0 o V1 N U z cn W H H rn u)

H9 a 0 H rt Aq 0 H to +' a) a) U]E-4 z x z 0 H

oo H o cn C'- H 0 Ei ti H W a) "0 td Ellx ri z 0

cd z Cd 0 0 c5 43 "ri

b

N x U ( co 4"f1 H(1) c CII . a r H cd "r ii \o Pq -FP " o +'P, O "- N +' ' t -i "r4 U) N N w(q 00 U H a) S1 PCI 0 6 0 H EQ v

Wx vi o 0 0 rn 0 0 0 0 z 0 Ln 0 H

0 w + 0 0 co, o 0 0 0 0 r-I o 0 0 0 C- u, O o o O a) rI H H H O 0 0 0 r-I 00 ko n lfl0 NLn

un 0 a) C7 H t- O O O t! \ O O Lr 0 0 0 IO 0) \O %D U1 .zr t<1 n L` %D 0 0 N r-I 0 0 co CV

o caW 0 LL\ O Ln 0 0 0 t 0 0 r-I -- :r n cv n 0 0 c5 r-i r-I 0 0 " CV H Cd W 0 .0 A cý 0 L(1 a L-- o t- N M LrN O 0 0 l01% P4 H 0 Lr to r--I oH H cd P4 z ww 4.3 " ü ... "rl +- Ho Oa oa HaýA ä H ýr. "rl (1) H " w ýý P4 H o4-), "ý o rd a H 4.31 0 F4 cat 0 A r-I 4) cti 0 ' cd H N 4)P4) P +3 4-r A +P Cd "r4 r F E E E a 0 a) N v cop H(D H(D a) Cl) a cd a) E "-. r-i ri cd "H.N -N V .NCd 4-3 43 0 N x N -3 r- O 4-3 -P 4) +3 -P ' "rl "rl "rl "rl "rl O Cl) Cl) Cl) 0 1.) .. 0.0 a - V] u co C/) 4-1 bO 0 Cd to V] "" ti 1 :> ä r 03 qý Id ed 10 cd ý äH :3 :3 0 a) a) a) . P (Do oP4 v x > >4 > 0m 4)0 x o .9 a)F4rd 4>caoo 0 P4 H 0 E-1i - xg a.,.. Cl) w >H00) > 0 4.) "c H -i HR .. dc Ö 0) a>- Cd cd (1, Cd Cd äßp 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 El o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o cil0 "r $Om* 0 N lc1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 rl O r-i 7. -7 H H H N N 0 .' ko '. O lf\ CN Pal +) . ý m H M UN Ln WH m O

4 4.3 Z co Np H EA F1 rn 0 1 0 cd g N LC 0 LC\ LC Co M 0 0 H H Cä Qvo

G4 H Pa

H "ri LC\ >, cd lbk tk 'bk ae wk JR tp, 'Pik 8R L- ca i4 2 CY1 b. LA N N -= L[1 Ul N kD 00 r-1 0 H C) LA N ON l- LA LA 0 0 r ) Ö --: 0 4. 0-- ri Cx p rl rl r-A 0 ä Els a `d 4) ° > Hicd 0x Vö -ri " C 4)

Y 0 P r -1 .ý ' Co H r-I CA N Ul ...... I . . I a, P4 "ri d-) L!1 N CO \0 Ul Lf1 ko lam- P' \ c r-I H tý1 r-I cd 4) a)

0 ti) cl) to ti ý b b co aý Cr\ C) d 944 cd Cd 0 H to 'd 'd 'ýd 'd a) a) 0 bO a) O m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d P4 N LA N n lf'\ 00 LA Lf1 1 1 i 17 9 cd

0 0

Cl) to aý Ö V, H 0 cd F-1 . ri . r4 0

cd "Ir- C +-ý 04 d-ý ý 94 C 4.3 0I va 0 "r-I 4-1 cd cd ý°' a ý -P 0 a a) w U r1 .3 Cd a P4 V) " rj (D 4.3 Cd 0 (1) 0 Ö ) U OF 'd 0 "rl c Cl) U Sa i4 CO U U bO ev .p 4-3 U C d .ý i' 0 "y ri d " ui 4i iu H " ýq cd Cl) 'd 0 + ) 4) "rl "d - > 0 (D O 0) i ?Q N Cd O U rl 0 H m Cl) F4 A v] W 0Q A Pr H co i4 Cl) Ea 00 Q) p N 'd Gý N

rl V t] N , 0 9 (/2 O V1 \O V1 u1 0 Vl or) N O %/-I C'1 ul .ý -P w 0 z o Hr rl rl \O oH 0 r-i 0 c5 E +ý a) H z H 0 cr1 p o1% C.- a ri a Ell U] c5 a H H N 0 0 cd

H 0 cd H .ri a U N N "r4 U to lcý o pq Ea co p, H 0 oý a) C. r+ ä a a b a -- 4 40 ö a) H 0 0 4.0 0 N ö 0 P4 (D (D P o cd P4 +; ' $4 i4 o +-> pa o 0 H V2 a m ca w w w El) cn Fº vi TABLE 881

Register of Jordan Rift Jewish Settlements 1967-1977. 1'f O O "ý1 O I O O OH "e vl ul an In vl ýn H 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1 F o ,°N CO Co H 1 Il1 1 H H 1 H 1 V1 H a0 ON l+ P4 " N CO M 4j yb N .4 F' + Y"b es -4 U U U U uu rl N "I a+ q .4Mb ý1 O

a n w .a ac Ö bä -4 . 14

-4 I+ 10 6.  . 14_ MV 4 t i 0wa 3- 4.1.b 0 1s6.14.. P. rs 0 . w 1. 14 le 14 0 ,[ Wa0 14 ° ü u o : 0 o : I : -. rd P. a P. a Ö ýR" 12 0 . w b 19 ++ u M °f ° ii "-1 1uuw . W i4 Co %"/ 93 M " °Ma 0; -4 ý4 .4 b 0 33 e, C, 4.4 41 0 Ob 12. 44 a 43 Co a W .., : . w Cduür.

M 0 M d Co u,. A M a 10 la Co 4. b Co Co .0 4) 4) I.. N Co .0 a .. I -o .NV w 0 > > U d Vk 14 cyb N VI ä ý 0 u a 14 N 0 " u u 3 -1 to ed ý 19 0 4j 'C "O Co Co 4) UM 4+ x v : :x v 4 üä gw V .C 4 "° la W 14 Co ` . ) ~ 14 0 ä 14 ä " 14 ä 1 w r ^ ; M " +0 ° oe .. N wö ý 140 k ä ý+ 44 td A C> 14 O N O O a 44 14 Co E- x 12 X F Z x Z.. N M H (a = yNa 1

4) W Li l'- 9 I 4+ 41 . Co b4 0 0) 0 10" N >ý4 .d Co " 4 -4 I. Wý N h dM Co W 6 N x Co 4 y W N -4 -4 7 d -4'O >4 Co 6 W u Co -0 Cd q) ß4 M -4 fi ä " 'i öä 0' c: 49 r. -4 u2 . "1 ui . 41 0 I 4) bl Cd M W w > > U > 44 > 44 x 1 93 41 ;p .1MW 0VO 1. 1 : 0 10 :3 : 1 1. 0 1 7 Co ý 90 O c4 . "o X14 : N H x ä fi 0 p .4 Co N e'b 00 1 12 U 0 V 41 Cd vl ul V , n VI .C ul G to 'd O O 1. O M O M Co O Cd O d 13 N Q. 4 h O X a z z 5 :d 04 44 ae ýa z X Z /-4 1 4U) ä ä .. 1. of '° N d). 4 Vf O1 L' N-1 W ° ý CY) . 44 W M ~ 1 4% V y v i. "i Nw :, . 0 4 4. b 114 41 34 43 m 4. b Q) 41 41 4) 44 'W 0 co W 43 :1 to "4 M .. i r4 Co M 43 to 4.& ld -4 ec A F+ .O J., uA N y N cn 4.1 U) .ý Co u N N M W N9 = r i tu AWN . 0 > : > > > : 1 > 1 > >: 4 1 1 1 4' 1 4). -4 U-4 . 4+ a7 M r. Q d Co ad Co O Co O 00 Co Co 0 w F' .4 Co a .0 P 14 M O Fý .C ,Cm . .C .4 b0 'd 'M tf) y N y M .0 VI YI VI .0 V=N " 'I ., O O M O M O M 0 O O 4) r M 93" a x x z as z z e " + a cr H .+uca ßt > o le "o Co ++ V + 0-0 NM " .O 10 0 O 0 04) 1+ a ++ CO f 1ý N. 40 in q C7 01 0 O tý " tý " " tý N n tý Iý tý "N b " .o O !r tý 00 N I'- F - I pp " " . -1 " Mu tý f " ýO N lý jam' 4- N " 12 eis f+ 13 ýO rl i+ H 4) to ° ! - lV 1. e . /1 "O F' .4 " U r0 .° M V P. d 41 ° rl N ['. > 0iL C: V -" d) N .. 4 r. rl l- . t- n . n N 1. M in .. t- p v' ei Of tý CO pf y 14 01 0 Si "44 >N0 xN " Q " 01 " p1 YI 01 O1 " (y " W N H X N NN N m4 M Z "') N m ýO N e-1 vl rI "-1 "-1 . -4 e4 r1 rl .4 d4H4a po ý. 41 ud 0 Ä zä1 1. 7 » w 10 r" anW u F ce 8 Ei 10 ' P0 b M N 'C 4 M >. 0) a v+ . .. .C 14 NW µ) .N Co '4 ºr 1 to Co ". 4 . -4 41 a w 0.. d z O w p n Co 'd Co 'd Cam!10 v 14 Z to Z W 6 C q 6 Q ++ 1+ V ý OOW In 14 a+ .r .C 00 ºr 4+ 1e M a+ : a0 ad td M V .4 al Q O M ++ ° N > R." d ý+ Mn .oV 6 O 13 Co 1+ to > td > id Co W E-F Co OM Co O -I t0 Co i'. OI aU .+ O t0 M M M N Co M M r. .r14 O ºr U Co 1+ .. i O !0 in N V h Co N Co .4 H C6 . "I ' eo r 44 0 N > a + + 44 Q W4 + > +t s ct 7 V -a C. vl .1 .+ . - ä i es M 2 1ö ä ä Cd N Q :+ 0 ý' > e i v ° 0 0 7 Cd Co o to U) 7 Tc v i s . [ -. E p. Q' ä 7E z X 0 5. 4 x " o'

M

ö 0 ýo 0 ý ON '.o Z r-i - 4 d \ U N C- 0 0 Cl N H C` C'1 W1 0 n ON \O N cal fly CM cl- CO ÖO N "r E-i U i-ý O "r U ýä Cd b

EQ L'- V2 H ON H Co co , rl .: ' Cpl cd 0 "ri Vl O O \O Vl cal Vl H ul co lcý z .z- H n Vl S-4 r-I 00 O O .-I' --t Ü N r-i Cd r-i cal W H Cd ý cd b z O pq 10' 1 4) 0 ., -I n t.4 " z H S i r a C- a' r Id 4 ' r-i . cv r O O co O C I I ON Cv +' r4 \0 0 0 C' (1) N r-i ä Wi 1L0 \° 0 rI 0

E-i -4 PL4 r P a W 00NN <4 r-i I cd rl r-i

O C.) rj E/) .. h trl Ci h r 01%0 4-4 Ea -

ý H 0 ý 0 max' m 0 ä d va Un U) 0 s-4 'd O "r-i p 10 -P b o P 'd -0 (1) O P * E C) 0 ) 0 " E ý> `i Sý I .` 1 . N 0 a 0 a a 0 0 O 'd O 0 N O co "ý +- 44 a) "r1 m 3 CH 3 4H En 3 CH ° :j $4 ° E 0 0 (1) cd cdd 1 - 4-1 Ea 4-1 o 4-4 a) ri (1)

E-1 d' z H Ha 3 H z '- Hö Z P z 'ý V2 ý 8 cdr'ý 5p c4-l' z ý cdr-i ý c ý cd 0 I

H cd p ca 0 %0 U1 l` M I t` H N cV H tý z

C"J z jt 0 z 0 C ö 0 `-i ..4 G) rT4 P4 04 4-1

0 ý-1C) o i0 cd Lr% vý W ti .. ý+ v H I N

H 'd

0 ti

m ý1 A C) F-I ccd' C34 C12 Z co I. N CV 0 M O l Cý 0-. cd n 43 t` 0 cd 0 '-4q H to rj

Hh a "" z 4.4 4' co X03 to W ý ai H E+ "ý H Ü 'V

ca z 0 r1 r-1 _::- F3 N- "r-I W ý 0 CO V2 43 CO 0 cd f7 H .ß M m 0 (D 4-, z b0 m H Lia cn H Q Pri H z cý H H m m w O z 1 fr. U C) EA 4 E-4 p ý4 r4 C4 . 0 Ea `n ä ý 0 0 0 ýc] H tl;/1) 0 º-ý ýi C'3 (ýi cC * CO

Table 9s2

OecuDi

From the early 1970's, with most of the settlement sites being or becoming civilian, the character of the population tended to become increasingly typical of similar environments within metropolitan Israel, whether kibbutzim, moshavim or urban areas. Paramilitary Nahal outposts, peopled entirely by young single men and women engaged in military service, quickly became a relatively minor element. The following general observations may be made s a) Most civilian settlements consist largely of family units rather than of single people. For example as early as 1974 20% of the population involved in the Golan structure was aged under 14 (Tokhnit Pituah ha G lan, 1974, P. 16) compared with 29.9 he nation as a whole. Post 1974 Gush Emunim foundations on the West Bank are even more family oriented. In December 1976 80 of the 150 inhabitants of the Ofra site were defined as 'children' (Ha-aretz 29-12-76 P. 12). Large-sized families (5 or more c dren are notable features on this and other 'religious' establishments. b) Adult populations are heavily biased toward young people in their late teens, twenties and thirties, especially away from Jerusalem. As an indication, in January 1975 the Golan population of 1908 did not contain a single person above working ages Also, despite the general family orientation, agricultural settlements continue to have disproportionate numbers of young single people (e. g. a clear majority at El Rom on the North Golan). c) All ethnic components of Israel's Jewish population would seem to be present in the occupied territory settle- ment system, though the proportions are probably quite different from the general society -1 Oriental Jews are definitely under-represented 2 New immigrants, especially from the United States and the Soviet Union, are almost certainly over-represented. dU

0' -

Y 4- t a vNo QL W CO Y a0 aE E tu

o. H " .rU a p, ý v qý a. C3 Co bIZ 0 Co aM y 1ý -r 1 O 6i cd N U 00 ri a O `" :: E cl Cl. Co m .: 0 O Y Co O C. - A a 10 O Cl. a0 .. a 1 ao cd C to "" - V) v) r+ M . "-ý N E ý'' äo 0 C; O di 0 .1 E" 0 1 ca a) 'O - a bO p1 N z ý O " ö ý. 0 a . - H tu . ° w Q a a ^ -m col -- w n aý a U -y in w Co -Y U a u C> O U, 0 Ya U V Co Y p ao , YY N r 1ý a 1 Y ýi N M V1 v d F E" 1 ca h Y O O. E z i' H n. ý 6Oj 4) v vN N y M -y vM v.r .w vvvto %O141 vN v00 N %+ ,,, p w O OO I O O 0 OOO O O O O Ow U O v) 00 o ~ O O O uA OO N O O O w oý z Oý O w w ö z O it) tI) Vý N V) N+ 00 M O N ca w E" r M 34 1 ca a w H M N ' M U U -+ NU M M V) O ca O OOY rij Z H ý N a ; ývU 1 Y ýe d N v) - 41 a Z YO O 0aa Ow w n ^ 0 a v a 00 y > . aý EýOQ N 6 UND N H Z td M 07 O Q, p. qMa 0 D+ w a Co Oat ca " A in :. a' ý 0) °" ac a) a a a cd caao, m 0 -ý Co H N E a O aw Iý ; CaY 4) Y om , ce ac1 :' cd 1 ." __ H 0 x 6 Co A U^ s Wx E a $-1 y 00 M v ý v v vv ce Vl Oi N iý dpi . O ti ý- O n a . _ ... yý 4. w v) - =UUO W 10 - Z ;; A = -% a 07a) 0. Ca q 94 r o cl .Q0 It V V U r :O .r ld ctl V 03 *0 /n 3a . -+ w m N l.a U) - 0 0 0 Co aU ed o N .3 0 x Q a E-ý v 3 °ý H oc Ey . w FIGURES FIGURE1 Figure 1

The Study Regione t Location and Contours depicting Relief.

FIGURE2 Figure 2

The Niest Bank s Locations and Main Roads i

% Jenin

ell Toubas Tulkarm

%o Nablus k Qalgilia 7Azun

Jiftlik 1

j

f OQibya ;r abroud Qýddis" Taibeh Deir ýKharbata in Yabroud "Kufr Ni'ma J Ain Arik "Ramallah i"-*Beit Ur r Tahta at Nuweimahý.ý'" "Beit Jercho ý(tan -"J Ligyaý OQalandin i" "Beit Nuba JP Umwas" "Yaluý" "Agabat Jaber Jý ýNabi `0 "" JERUSALEM Musa Dein Yassin 'u 0,

*Bethlehem ,3 / mar ODa

" Kfar Etzion

ý* Hebron Beit Awa 0 Km 20 11 /Belt /bMersim

Main Road 1949-1967 Israel/Jordan , ý""'' ..... __ ý--"-"-"-_... ý'" Armistice Line "_, FIGURE3 Figure 3

The Golan Heights i Locations LEBANON HERMON .ý

ý. " M11 dal " Gholar I ashShams

ý'^"1 Baniyas DRUZE' ` "i AREA ý " SYRIA Qiryat Shemona I Har Odem44 "Bugata

j / HULA f VALLEY "

-- QUNEITRA BASIN Har Avital "ýI UPPER GALILEE f - Har Shifon

ä1

4

ö Bnot Yn'ngov Bridge ` ISRAEL a "r H us h n i ye

CENTRAL Tel Fares GOLAN Rat Id

I

- -Tel Bazaq j Batiha " (Bethsaida) Valley

LAKE TIBERIAS SOUTH GOLAN "" / Tiberias Ein Gev

, N ý Pf "-

mOUk 9.1 . ý C CENTRAL 0 10 JORDAN J"\ ýýJ " El Hamma Km VALLEY lýý ý

-E- Plateau hills (mainly volcanic cones) Eastern limit Israeli .. of administration (1974 Disengagement Agreement) 1967 (International) Borders ... Possible withdrawal line FIGURE 4 Figure 4

Jordan Rift i Annual Rainfall Distribution

Sources From Orni, E. and Efrat, E. (1976) Geography of Israel P. 145. 0

zoo Isohyet (millimetres)

Alloy Rift Strip - Border IF /

500 - 1967 X300 ýý Border cr

a0 c 0 i

i r' i (1 N

N

N O O

IPR 0 Km 20 Dead 111 Sea

/"

/ i ,.. t

F I G U R E

t

f Figure 5

Jordan Rift $ Soils

Sources s Orni, E. and Efrat, E. (1975) Geography of Israel P. Lf31.

A 4. t (rp Shmueli .. $ Uvi 04. " uda ve Shomron - Soils of Judea and Samaria)

Tokhnit Pituah Aizorit ffolelet - Aizor Bi a" t ha Yarden (Settlement Department, 1975. Sure

Guide

Serozems - highly calcareous soils, deep, grey in colour, sometimes saline.

Solonchak - prinmary feature high salinity, other characteristics being considered of minor significance.

Rendzina - developed on chalk and marl in mountain regions, shallow, profile generally not well developed.

Lithosol - no clear morphology, consists of imperfectly weathered rook fragments, found on steep slopes. iý

Brown Alluvial Soils

119 Calcareous Serozems

Solonchak Soils c`'ll Rendzina, Lithosols i i

Alton Rift Strip Border

1967 Border

i %f 01

i I

ii N

I, l 1 oo, 1100 10 Km 20 looo, F I G U R E 6 Figure 6

Golan Heights : West-East Topographical Cross Sections

Vertical Exaggeration = x7 a) North Golan : Kfar Sold - Bugata (Grid Ref. 205/289-235/289) b) North Golan ; Gonen-Quneitra (Grid Ref. 205/280-235/280) c) Central Golan : Bnot Ya'agov - Hushniye (Grid Ref. 205/268-235/268) d) South Golan : Raurot - Ramat Magshamim (Grid Ref. 205/251-235/251)

See also plates 2,3,4,18.

Source : Survey of Israel 1: 100,000 map series sheets 2'and 4 for 1976. .oM

W z w 0 z N 0 LL N 0 LL 0 0 NU, Z 0 z D

0 I- C C

.oN C a O 0" iQ 7 vvI. m E d to v d 0 d 2 ö a w Y I-

a a-J z a a U J Cl, 0 Z Q J O .0 C9

N-Q`\ ýö== -- -m Tý C _ý Yw _ CC . U')

} J} W J W W W QJ v I> _ e c0 O ö 0 0 00 0 00 O O0 00 0 00 0 N 0 a0 c0 a' N N O a0 C0 '7' N +p sa)Iayy saýýaw Q et W

0 Q cr_ LL >- (D==== U) 0 w Z z Z) 0

LL 0 0

m a E c L öE N 7 Ein- I < Jv -IN a2 -

J O C7 I E- N m O L a N W 10 E F- Q J a z aJ O 0 C L N 4- O v

O

0 I- Nm 0 E)ö v , m cl : 9-1

Cm J W w I U 'D N 10 (0 (0 Jl1 r--1 rTr OOOoOOi 00 O0 O0 00 'o OOO0000O0 O0 0 NO OD (0 gt NI CO (0 CT N N saJjaw sei}eW FIGURE 7 Figure 7

Golan Heights i Annual Rainfall Distribution and Winter Snowline.

Source i

Tokhnit Pituah ha Golan-t". atzai Settlement Dept.. 1974). re 4.

Data from Syrian records for 1931 - 1960 r. )

Isohyet -1000- (millimetres)

Limit of Winter Snow it 11000 Disengagement line

1967 Borders _,. _ f 1 1 Iýº

Iº 900 1 1ý

i 00 1 0 Km 10 t ýý / 1 ¶ , 00 i I 600 .) 1

/,

Lake

Tiberias

Soo

j aoo ,l

/r

1 '1 FIGURE8 Figure 8

Golan Heights : Soils

1. Terra Rossa/Rendzina

3. Brown-black/Brown-red Grumusols (Grumusolo are dark coloured clay soils which tend to swell and shrink with wetting and drying)

2. Soils developed from Alluvium.

Broom Mediterranean Soils developed fron volcanic deposits.

5. Thin, Stony Brown Mediterranean Soils and Litho sole.

6. Shallow or Hydromorphin Grumusols and Pale Rendzina.

Only 2,3 and 4 have intrinsic value for agriculture. For correlation with 1974E Jewish agricultural land use see figure 50. See also figure 5 notes.

Sources

(Settlement Dept., Tokhnit Pituah ha Golan - tatzai 1974). Pp. 4-6p figure 3. "J

®1ýI

`

®5ý

6I'

Disengagement Line 1967 Borders

Lake Tiberias

/N

Km 10

1 FIGURE 9 Figure 9

The West Bank : Israeli Advances in the Six Day War, June 5-10 1967

Sources : Israel Defence Forces (1968) Shisha Yamim 5.6.67 - 10.6.67 P" In. ,

Luttwak, E. and Horowitz, D. (1975) The Israeli Army P. 271. Israeli Advances

June 5

June 6 °NOdus D June 7

111ý

`

1. _R

ý, týý_ýýý

I '`

t ., I `_

0 Km 20 %ýý lý FIG1JRE 10 Figure 10

The West Bank : Seventeen Region Division

Source: Jordan Lands and Survey Dept. 1: 312,500 Villages and Settlements Map with administrative boundaries, 1973 (depicts boundaries for all divisions from village to governorate) Ya'bod Jenin

"Silat %\ -V adh Dhahr ` Tulkarm Toubas "1 ýi t/

k; . '. \ r Qalgiliya `,,, , -ý Nablus %

( Salfit V , --, " ý- `-*/,. (,.,, \ Nabi I i_ Saleh . - Deir Qoddis, 2; -' Ramallah

(Latrunr-., r ý. ý "ý" Jerusalem Jericho _.

Bethlehem N

0 Km 20 ' Dura Hebron

I, ý

/. 1/ "/ P10URE 11 FiEure 11

The West Bank : Seventeen Region Division with proportionate populülation losses caused by the 1967 Displaced Person Exodus

Sources: 1952 liousinZ Census (Aaan)

1961 Jordan Cenous (Amman)

1967 UNRWA camp statistics (Ramallah)

1973 Displaced Person official statistics - Supreme Ministerial Committee for Relief (Amman)

See also figure 10, table 3: 2 , appendix [va.

FIGURE 12 Figure 12

The West Bank : Five Region Division with prop- ortionate population losses caused by the 196? Displaced Persons Exodus

Nablus + Ramallah + Jerusalem + Hebron = West Bank Highlands.

Source . As for FiEuro 11. NABLUS ./ 1i

i ,.

N j1

RAMALLAH `% WEST 3ýv VALLEY 0 Km 20

5E'/. /'"I %1

-J JERUSALEM

Displaced Persons as a proportion of pre-war regional population. excluding refugee-camp residents

HEBRON 1`

i Ile FiaURE 13 Figure 13

Ramallah District : Spatial Differentiation in Proportionate Population Losses owing to Refugee Out-rovezrnt, June 1967.

Sources : 39 Village Survey Undertaken by Antranik Bakerjan June-July 1967 (see Appendix IIIa)

For Latrun : United Nations A/6797 and S/8158 (1967) - The Gussinn; Report. ýaA Prof 0 I- Li o, W N 10 In 0 ý'ý:: CID ý: 0 0 d O 0 c L 0 C O L - ý 0

. ter--\ a 4-. 0 N n N \ / J ý /9 º . ( ./ o, Etj / o+ %. / / ýý E 0 4- r- Z Y In ä / k // cr w I"

0 / // s O N 4 4 'f

C- /J C?

C

c7 c Y f 4, a 1l

", o ao. N 1 aý rný 1ä N ºi /4" ' oa N 1d N '\ >-) "/f 1 V) t1 r 4 \ý. 03 4 ý. `o o

: F3 . 40 '0 .o äo d ,. 0 CY J ý. Missing pages FIGURE 15 Figure 15

The West Bank : Origins of Baga'a Sample Families

145 Families (precise origin points for 18 obscure)

Sources : Baga'a Survey Data

Jordan Lands and Surve Dept. 1: 312,500 Villages and Settlements s clap with administrative boundaries.

Survey of Israel : 100,000 map series. Sheets 5.6,7-b, 9,11-12,15-16 for 1975.

0 .l 000, 0 0 `"-"-%_

i°( 0 '" "0 00 1 0 00 100 0 0000 00 0

IO0 O /o

, oS 0 / e% I of d\I \°Oöo

o 00 '01 oo 10

O0 0 00

coo

"Oo)O 0000 0p0pp0p ý" 1° f_\ ýý. °° 00 0 "0 0 00 000 "`. 1, ýý" 00 -

O\

/6" o° 00 oo

"ý" 0i r N 00 ýI, 0000

° 00 to'0 Km 20 FIGURE 16 Figure 16

The West Bank : Out-Movement Routes for Baqa'a Sample Families, June 1967.

Source: Baga'a Survey Data. 100,

tr' N

0 Km 20

te r.. Number of People

1001*

600

1

. 1000, '" FIGURE 17

.. Figure 17

The 1967 Arab Exodus from the West Jordan Valley Origins and First Destinations of the Bagä'a Camp Sample.

Sources: Baqa'a Survey Data.

Jordan Lands and Survey Dept., 1: 312,500 Villages and Settle- ments Map with administrative boundaries, 1973. N I 1 Family 2 Families Q Origin showing number s I ______0 Destination families -- -- 3 Families of 4 Families " ýý Valley limits [ by Jordanian administrative] v boundaries

` .` Oj

'' O 11

\ O \

\ I O "'

- -\ 2

" O ©+1 from Jericho r Q o Amman

`

Q5 Og O " 12 "

Jericho QQ O D " "ý .&. "ý.. "00. .ý. \ 1 Dead O Sea

0 km 20 F. I GURE 18 Figure 18

The 1967 Arab Exodus from Nablus District : Origins and First Destinations of the Baga'a Camp Sample.

Sources : As for figure 17. N

I Fancy j -"-. _. ý Ongin district by Jordarion and East odministrative Volley limits bamdorln

Q Origin

O Destination "ý ft .00 ,

Cm

m "7

IbN m ®ý"ý

OO

AMMAN

0... 0 Ir

.-1

Deod k 20 Spa 0 m FIGURE 19 Figure 19

The 1967 Arab Exodus from Ramallah District : Origins and First Destinations of the Baqa'a Camp Sample

Sources i As for figure 17. -. " " -#. "

cm AMMAN

ým. i L. ý. Iý

Deo d

Soo

N

ý` I Family

Origin district by Jordanian ý. ý. ý .. .i and East odmirnstratrvel Volley limits boundaries

Q Origin

0 Destination

0 km 20 FIGURE 20 Figure 20

The 1967 Arab Exodus from Jerusalem District Origins and First Destinations of the Baga'a Sample.

Sources: As for figure 17. 0 Family Q Origin N ------I 2 Families 0 Destination ..... 3 Families [by ý"ý"ý"ý Origin district Jordanian administrative and EastValley L ndaries limits

%°ý i AMMAN

O -0003 ä

ý"_"r ý' ------A ýX ý ,oo. All Ei]

-WO

Dead Sea 0 1

0 km 20 FIGURE 21 Figure 21

The 1967 Arab Exodus from Hebron District Origins and First Destinations of the Baga'a Camp Sample

Sources : As for figure 17. Family

2 Families AMMAN ------fIby Jordanian ý. ý. ý Origin district and East (administrative Valley limits `boundaries

Q Origin

0 Destination Oi

,. e

/ ID "ý. Osod p " ,, S0a 1pm p I i

/m

91 10000,

f O p km 20 FIGURE 22 Figure 22

Baga'a Sample Origin Regions i Highland - West Valley Differentiation on Discriminant Function I. (Discriminant Scores of Group Centroids)

Statistical Significance of Regional Differentiation P=<0.01

Sources: Baqa'a Survey Data.

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - DISCRIMINANT Programme.

See also figure 12 (for areas) HIGHLANDS "WEST VALLEY

0.4 -0.6 -0-4 -0-2 0 0.2 FUNCTION I FIGURE 23 Figure 23

Baga'a Sample Origin Regions s Five Region Differ- entiation on Discriminant Functions I and II. (Discriminant Scores of Group Centroids)

Statistical Significance of Regional Differentiation on Function I. Hebron - Nablus P =< 0.01 Hebron - Jerusalem p a< 0.05 Hebron - Ramallah p a< 0.01 Hebron - West Valley p =< 0.01 Nablus - West Valley p Q< 0.01 Nablus - Jerusalem NS Nablus - Ramallah NS West Valley - Jerusalem NS West Valley - Ramallah NS Jerusalem - Ramallah NS

Sources s Baqa' a Survey Data

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - DISCRIMINANT Programme

See 12 (for ._ also figure areas) I c0 0

0

N 6

0

H NZ 6o

U Z

O

c0 O

co 6

9

(9 14, NON IT ÖÖOO II NOIIONfzi FI GURE 24 Figure 24

The East Bank : Refugee Camp Locations

Sources UNRWA (Amman)

Supreme Ministerial Committee for Displaced Persons (Amman) Q Irbid lam,.-.. ý, ý"ý. ý ýý ý "ý'" Husn

Ghor Wahadina O Souf

Jerash

Ma'adi

0 Wadi Dleil

" Damiya Q gaga Zerga Ghor Kabid a

O Marko E313 Amman 00 Karameh 00 Shuna Ghor Nimrin

O Zizzia

0 1967 Plateau emergency camp

%0 1967 Ghor emergency camp

A 1968 Emergency camp

Q 1948 Refugee camp

1

0 Kerok

ý" 0 Km 20 d ,'

F. I GURE, 25 Figure 25

Refugee Movements on the East Bank, June 1967 - March 1968 :A Two-family Example

Source Baga'a Survey Data

Destinations and Dates of Arrival

Bethlehem Toubas family family (5 members) (4 members)

Origin village Beit Tama Toubas

First Stop Shuna Junubiya, Kreimah, during War during War

Stage 1 Amman (school) Irbid June 1967 July 1967

Stage 2 Kerak camp Wadi Dleil July 1967 September 1967

Stage 3 Ghor Nimrim Ghor Nimrin September 1967 October 1967

Stage 4 Baga'a Baga'a February 1968 February 1968 ý p1

o-

, o2

-01

3

I'*tJ

Bethlehem family Toubas family

Movement Stages June 1967 - March 1968

I Plateau arrival 2 Plateau camp 3 ühor camp 4 Plateau return

2 N

0 Km 20 j FIGURE 26 Figure 26

The Jordan Rift : Locations

1,2,3 = Areas for table 5s4

See also figure 60 w tR

ISRAEL

Irbid 1 II, " Maot Haim NORTH ý" ý'-"ý'-"1 Beit 4p q GHOR "NShean ol r

"ý" Ghor Fare

1>

0 Km 20 ir! I 11

a: / \ \\\ gyp, Alto o WEST °ýt BANK 1 -{ Oamiya 17 Bridge J / r lei ý., .. UtN I KAL " Salt GHOR i Umm Shurett Bridge

Allenby Bridge__ Jericho "- ýr Kafrein-Ra ma

i Dead --- East Valley Sea Limits (admin. ) Alton Rift Strip Border (West Bank)

Canal

/ -"- 1967 Israel- Jordan Border

ISRAEL

0 Mazra Lisan

Kerak " SOUTH GHOR Sedom " °...ýý: ..; " '' 1 Ghör as Safi Fifi FIGURE 27 Figure 27

East Jordan Valley : Final Refugee Flight, February - March 1968.

Source: UNRWAFile OP/IN/120 (Amman) 1

1

O1 1110 ( EAST BANK PLATEAU 1 Of 1r

thousands .% ------0 ode of -_' -20 people

1967 Ghor emergency camp

East Valley limits

N 1967 Israel-Jordan border

0 Km 20 FI GURE 28 Figure 28

East Jordan Valley : Exodus of the Settled Population, 1968 - 1969.

Source : Estimates by Khalil Khayyat (National Resources Authority, Deir Alla) and Tuma Hazou (Jordan Valley Commission, Amman) i

l EAST

BANK

PLATEAU r i» i

11ý III

/ý ------0 thousands of ---20 people

East Valley limits

1967 Israel-Jordan 1 border 1ý--/ N

0 Km 20 F"I G UR E 29 _ Figure 29

War of Attrition in the Jordan Rift : Military Alignments, early 1970.

Source : Israel Defence Forces (1971) Elef Yamim 12.6.67 - 8.8.70 P" 0--, BI-. /° Um Deis

ISRAEL l o- 3\-"

TO Irbic 7

0 Deir Abu Sold

IJI Israeli fence, with mine-field ( o- ý

Jordan Army concentration

ý. T r,\ C Military position i° Kufrinja T Tanks

\

D- Artillery EAST BANK PLATEAU 0- Mobile artillery

Yc Mortar position r 'C T o- Road T salt O -0 c ZýS (c Israeli settlement o-

T N to Amman ho "cIT

o-T - "- 0 Km 20 FI GURE 30 Figure 30

The East Bank The Guerrilla Retreat from the Jordan Rift, 1968 - 1970

Source Israel Defence Forces (1971) . Elef Yamim 12.6.67. - 8.8.70 Pp. 7b-79.

F I G U R E 31 Figure 31

Population Change in the three sections of the East Jordan Valley, 1967 - 1973.

Sources UNRWA File OP/IN/120 (Amman)

Jordan Valley Commission estimates

1973 Social and Economic Survey of the East Jordan Valley (Dept. of Statistics, Amman).

See also figure 26. ti 0) I-

ti

N ti O)

tir- rn

o C) ti E rn

C) Co a)

00 (0 a) I-

ti

aldoa,d jo spuesnoq j Environmental Realities

intra-state environment international environment ecological, socio- ecological, socio- economic and economic political and personality systems. personality systems.

Flow of effects from the environment

p POLITICAL SYSTEM I

images of Realities feed back

Input Political Structures Demands and Processes

Support for Actors and decision demands from makers operating actors and within in Govt. parties, factions (political structures and informal groups and hureaucratic)

Decisions

------

Output Realities determine Action and Impact on actual results Landscape of political action Success of action depends on degree to which environmental realities correctly assessed by decision-makers.

Figure 32 Political Processes behind Landscape Change: A Model based on General Systems Theory.

Sources: Adapted from Brecher, M. The Foreign Policy System of Israel p. 4. Frankel J. Contemporary International Theory and the Behaviour of States p. 65, Muir, R. Modern Political Geography p. 242. 44 G) ýd Cl ýM Ü L+

Vr

w O U) Ol 144 äNÖ

ü 0'1 00 22 E wqo w ýý U ed bo 3 "' V) M v, W ~ä ff' I- a4 0 H I ow a, W .. 7 ýo Ei I v W 0 a 14 b 2 A aý / n M 0 z z .a 0 a 3) U Z 0 a U cy+ U WÄ w Q H >71 x w U, 4) UQ) La

cd 9) eä iýw al) U 9ýOýAv Od Öcad Dä OW

U" 0 4)

O

bv Cd C MI M 7 co Cl ti ö0 w C3 FIGURE 34 Figure 34

Beginnings of Israeli Settlement across the pre June 1967 Borders : Pressures, Influences and Activity under the Eshkol Government, 1967-1968.

Sources:

As for Chapter 6, Pp. 148-165

See also figures 32,33.

N. B. terr. = territory col. = colonization V

Z% ö

dam- w[ Ei v 4) 9töö a C u wa -u ý I y öm Ud ->. 0 V: Uq0

Oo SwýSb ýy o p w i t 0.55 (U1.4 0 G. D S.4 0 ~ ep _+ o-o yba! Gl N N h w r . G77 cC n - ýppqqq}oN Ö cd -d Ab p0 C o aý 10 y. ý 0o uyqq $.i .9 a) 0 w i gy E4U ci der -] 8 b cn Co -+ G$) +. ä0

Os-1 "n

U) n po.: U) a) W ovo U -0- N *Z -0 wg 0 ;.4 cl ^' wv dl CJ a+ NOyOm X Cd 2 fir b o U)' E. Ö r t0 ýy . y w $4 $4 00 bo 3 w N +" y.4 0 u ýpu EN 0OV m 'y y 40 M° Co r ý: Z Cd Co aý w z "i C.) $4 ý' Un 0 uýy Oýq Ooy. -0 -0 4' C3 0Nd U Ww ca , ý«ý ä 3zi r+ H ý 'O UNQ p-0 p .ým °. äöoä uy rs0 o°'o > w Ü bEi oýu äi co 1-4v U) Co ö z 03 q y ce rz o CL ul a"'iäy oOdOb d> Ny- ao dl W b. O u -y 12 tu 'd yw ro Z ßicu A a vCU I" O0 <> ' 4a Q) ö O yý ýF U) NV 3_ tu CO v~o Cý .nu 0 ýpO Z .. ai .r fýA

bÖa b0 u0u ýCo äp 0 W6 aä oo cd ä öop'. Z_ ä a o- Co,ö0 w+ a) y ww c2. cd bOo04Ei 10 uö wö oG0 q3N. ý. ý+ ý o a+o u a- o Nb öw0 °; oa -" o z°: cl. + o c c% yo rý id P'y > oý u w c ü 0 Q) ?l ' a) A u 0, Q~ý 00 0 Ca [/) N cd 12 0o ýa ý I1

in ýx.

N) UE Öd r' °w9ms 9 ýi ý' A) Ui .1 r7 tn FIGURE 35 Figure 35

Israel i Decision-Faking Process for Official Settlement Projects in the Occupied Territories

Sourcess

Discussion with Avshalom Rokach, Deputy Head of the Settlement Dept., October 1976.

Rokach, A. Rural Settlement in Israel, 1978, Pp. 62-89. IDEA

Settlement Movements

Interest Bridging Groups Committees e. g. Golan Cow. Depts. Settlement Govt. Depts. Public Committee Public Bodies Bodies

jewi§h Agency Ministry of Housing Settlement Dept. Rural Urban

Political IDEA IDEA stage

Ministerial Proposals to Interest o-- Initiatives Inter- Settlement Committee Groups

If dispute - Full Cabinet Decision

Implementation Stage

Agric. Planning Bd. Ministry of Housing

Location Committee

Govt. Depts. Settlement Dept. / Govt. Depts. Public Housing Ministry Public Bodies Consultation Final Planning Consultation Bodies

REALITY 0 State/Jewish Agency 0 External Input is t ýE 36 Figure 36

The July 1967 Allon Plan for the i'ieot Bank: end tho 3eptonbor 1967 Arab Population Distribution

Sources s

Cohen Y. Toktmitýori ??p. 17a.-169 Alton oubýo Sion to Uovernncnt, July 1967. (Translation in Appendix VI)

Censer f Ponulatf. p Bank of the fords Gaza r. i oncl_-ct t'l rte S no Golsn }ý0rhts Sort. 9 'T (Central Bureau of stat sticsg Jerusao-n_)Vol. 1 P. 160.

See aloo Appendix VII, figure 38.

Method : Circles drawn according to the Flannery procedure - compensating for visual underestimation of large circle sizes by multiplying the logarithms of the data by 0.57. /V0 .` ý"a.

ooO0O t'O 00o°0l to \" 00oGo

ý July 1967 Allan Plan g°0°000 000Oo0"J Areas for absorption to 0 Israel ° 000o0 o0 into ý0 Oo o 00 00 00° ö° ý0 Definite °0 000 O co 00°°°0oo°° Optional °°00O°°o

00o O 00 O°°O o °O0000ý0oO 00 00 °0 0 00 00 0 00000o JORDAN RIFT 0° 00 000

Arab Population

60,000 3Q000 15,000 5,000

N

0 Km 20 1 1 1 FIGURE 37

i

i Figure 37

East Jerusalem and Environs i Existing and Proposed Israeli Construction Sites, 1967-1978.

Proposed Urban Estatess

Giv"on Housing Plan, 1975 I. Adumin Ministry 1 a ale Defence Ministry Plan, 1978 Efrat

Nabi Samuel - Government decision, 13-9-70 Dayan Document (see Appendix VI) Galili Document (see Appendix VI)

Sources s

Cohen S. B. 'Yerushalayim ha hleuhedet - Korah Geo-politi' (A United Jerusalem -A Geo- political Necessity) in Shraueli! Grossman and Zoovy Yehuda ve Shomron, P. 461.

a-aret 2-10-75 P. 9 and 7-7-78 P. 10

Survey of Israel 1.50,000 map series 4Oct. Sheet II - 11 Jerusalem 1976) Sheet IV - 11 Hebron (Aug. 1976) N. B. Efrat site should be lý km. south-east of that shown on map (on Sheikh Abdullah hill - Ha-aretz 7-7-78 P. 10) " 1967 Boundary Jewish Housing Estate (Existing I Under Construction) East Jerusalem-area annexed by Israel 1967 Jewish Housing Estate (Planned)

West Jerusalem limits ,,,,,, - Israeli Industrial Estate (Under Construction)

Israeli Industrial Estate (Planned)

Arab Built-up Area

o Airfiet Main I Old Ci

/ATAROT

GIV'ON V ý'

NABI NEVE YAAQOV SAMUEL

RAMOT

" FRENCHHILL " "\ "\ " RAMAT ý" ESHKOL .

ISRAEL

ý1 `o kC. EAST TALPIOT / oo, i All P12 t--- Ah -- l N, / e i

0 Km 11 FIGURE 38

rrY Figure 38

The Allon Plan Security Belts in the Occupied Territories, October 1973 a) Areas proposed for absorption into Israel b) Jewish Settlement Distribution, October 1973 c) Galili Document s Proposed new settlements 1973-1977

Sources$

Allon, Y. "Israel $ The Case for Defensible Borders" (Foreign Affairs, 1976)

Cohen, Y. Tokhnit Allon Pp. 76-97,171-189.

Ham tZ 10-6-68 P. l.

Bier, A. Heahag,,uiot ve Hitnahaluiot, 1976.

Field Research, 1976 and 1978.

Galili Document, J. (Appendix VI) A, Alton Plan areas lapproximate) r* o SYRIA J Gi% Civilian Settlement -. _" 6 " `,. ý ý' =i Nahal Outpost o GOLAN

Proposed number of new settlements ý" -, FZ1 1973-1977 (Galili Document) "ý

1967 Boundaries

1967-1973 Cease-fire lines ',,., SAMARIA ö/r Suez Canal I 77 / JORDAN RIFT

1C/

2JEA

RAFIAH ISRAEL JORDAN

NEGEV

1 ýf

SINAI

N

0 Km 80

EGYPT

V / SHARMEL SHEIKH FIGURE 39 Figure 39

The Territorial Framework of Labour Settlement Policy in the Occupied Territories, Mpy 1977, Security Belts and Distribution of Settlements.

Sourcess

As for figures 38,48,63,70. SYRIA ý, "T Territorial limits of Labour settlement policy-1977 (extended Alton Plan)

Civilian Settlement Site " -. Official j" " .' GOLAN o Nahal Outpost "A: o Unauthorized Settlement (Gush Emunim)

1967 Boundaries ASAMARIA Disengagement Lines fO ...... (Golan, 1974 " Sinai, 1975) 1i Suez Canal ýa JORDAN RIFT

GAZA JUDEA ýýý

RAFIAH

ISRAEL JORDAN

......

SINAI

ýS ; I

ýN

Km 80

EGYPT FIGURE 40 Figure 40

Israeli Settlements on the Golan Heights s limas and Locations, January 1978.

Settlements (in order of establishment)

1. Merom Golan 15. Nov 2. Snir 16. Bene Yehuda 3. Afiq 17. Kfar Haruv 4. Eli'ad 18. Qeshet 5. Mevo Hamma 19. Qatzrin 6. Ain Zivan 20. Yonatan 7. Giv'at Yoav 21. Sha'al 8. Geshur 22. Gamle 9. Neot Golan 23. Har Odem 10. Ramat Magshamim 24. Ani' am 11. Ramot 25. Avni Eiten 12. El Rom 26. Parag 13. Hispin 27. Ortal 14. Neve Ativ

Sources a As for figure 48, Table 7i2 i A14

00 3 1 -2 L A Jewish Settlement . 12 I / Disengagement / Line % -1 1967 Borders

A! 7A6

i'

N f i

S . 18

-19

i 0 Km 10 24 26 \ A A A20

A22 A21

A10 . 13 Lake 25-15 . Tiberias A8 / A 4 7 A16 /

. i 17 / .5 I % FIGURE 41

{r

Cý i ......

"iýrýý_ý

1- Figure 41

Demographic Transformation on the Golan Heights, I1 1960 Population Distribution.

Method e Circles drawn according to the Flannery procedure - compensating for visual underestimation of large circle sizes by multiplying the logarithms of the data by 0.57.

Sourcess

1960 Syria Census of Population (Damascus, 1970) Volumes for Damascus 14uhafaza and Dera' a Muhafaza. Pp. 228-231/222-225. (Provides individual village statistics)

Survey of Israel 1*100,000 map series sheets 2 and 4 for 1975. (Provide village sites) 110000 P00 00

Population

S,000 o

2,000 00 - 1,000 00 500 - 100 fo00 i0 OD (o0'o(

Cease-fire Line 61 0 1967-1973 b 1967 Borders _, _ i 00 op pO1 01 /gyp o 0p O/ (0 0 00° 00 O0° O °o0o 0 0 Km 10 °0 opý2°/ (1 oe. (00f ö0o 00ý Oo ooo o 00 lake OaOO ýO O/ Tiberias O0O

to fr io i. ýi ý"ý F I G U R E 42

""_ Figure 42

Demographic Transformation on the Golan Heights, II 3 September 1967 Population Distribution

Method Circles drawn according to the Flannery procedure (see figure ul).

Source;

eights Sept. 1967 (Central Bureau of tatistics, Jerusalem) Pp. 203-205. 00

Population 5,000 o ý1 2,000 1 ) -1,000S00 - 100 /

O 1 l Cease-fire line 1 1967-1973 1 1967 Borders i 1 ... 1 1 1 1 N i .. _ i i p Km 10 1 i

r

Lake f Tiberias ýJ

i F I G U R E 43

'N Figure 43

Demographic Transformation on the Golan Hoights, III $ January 1975 Population Distribution

F:ethod Circles dravm according to Flannery procedure (see figure 41).

Sourceas

Tokhnit Pitunh hn Golan - Pat ni (Settlement Dept., 197P. 16. (data for both Jowish Settlemonto and Druze villages)

Also see Table 712, figuro 17. i 1 1 Settlement Jewish 1 1 Q DruzelAlawi Village

" f l I Population 1 5,000 1 1 k 1 -2,000 I 1 - _1,000 __S00 100 1 f 1 1 1 Disengagement j line 1

1967 Borders _"_ l / / / J / /

i-, .; / ý.:: ./ "1J f" . Lake I Tiberias / ::1_.. " r"" .: /ý 1c "/

/o ::. J 00ý% .f

ý"ý. -ý p Km 10

l ý. ý-3

FIGURE 44

4 Figure 44

Demographic Transformation on the Golan Heights, IV, January 1978 Population Distribution.

Method ' Circles drawn according to Flannery procedure (see figure 41).

Sources:

Tour of the Zionist Con ress De1e ates s Review of Rural Settlement in Israel, Feb. 23 1978, Settlement Dept., 1978) P. 16. full data for Jewish Settlements)

Davar 27-2-78, P. 19 (Qatzrin)

Druze villages - assuming continuation of 1967-74 growth rate.

Also see Table 7t2, figure 48.

i i t i i 1 0 Jewish Settlement i i Druze/Alawi Village 0 i r Population

5,000 "

," i -2,000 i -1,000S00 100 i S (" Disengagement Line i

1967 Borders j S ... / / / i / / / / I / " / / / / 00 / /

N 00 .f All C.-.

0 Km 10 FIGURE 45 Figure 45

November 1967 Plan i Proposed Agricultural Settlement Structure on the Golan Heights.

Source

Ramat ha Golan s Hatza"at Tokhnit Mu demet le Ptihut Ha la Settlement Dept., 1967) . 52-54. i

t

f" ' 1 ý" ý

NORTH 1 GOLAN

1 I1 !/1;

ý1

it 8" , i, BATINA .4

% SOUTH GOLAN OTAGE

ýSTAGE AB 5 YEARS 5 YEARS

N ý"ý /ý

1® 1ý

A Proposed Agricultural Settlement

" Proposed Area Centre i; ® Proposed Land Allocation

Cease-fire Line ____ 1967-1973

1967 Borders

STAGE C 5 YEARS FIGURE 46 Figure 46

Golan Heights $ Distribution of Jewish Settlements June 1970.

Sources:

As for Table 7s2 I

A Kibbutz

Moshav

Q 1 Moshav Shittufi II 0 Mahal /A1

A

Cease-fire Line 1967-1973 l 1967 Borders 1 l

N

j07 10 ! 0 Km j/

0 Lake

Tiberias /l

ýOOý FIGURE 47' Figure 47

Golan Heights s Distribution of Jewish Settlements, June 1974.

Sources

As for Table 7: 2 / / .

Kibbutz - Moshav

Q Moshav Shittufi Area Centre ' i Q Nahal

Q Unofficial Site 1 Settlement Bl oc k " i

Disengagement i Line 1967 Borders

Lake ' ý`, / Tiberias `. -

N A 1

ý"`. 10 _fj 0 Km

C.j FIGURE 48

k

C. -r: -. - r' - "t . .... Figure 48

Golan Heights s Distribution of Jewish Settlements, January 1978

Sources

As for Table 71 2

Survey of Israel 1$0,000 map series Sheet 11-2 East, Merom Golan (Aug. 1977) Sheet IV-2 East, Zivan (Nov. 1977) Sheet II-4 East, Ramat Magshamim (Sept. 1976) 1001*

1, 'ýý':% 11 %

100, %

Urban Centre ý 11 - Q Industrial Village

Kibbutz

Moshav

Q Moshav Shittufi

Area Centre

Q J Naha[ 1

Settlement f 1 ' Block

Disengagement o Line 0ý'O i Q; 1967 Borders

11 1 -a , , ý`ý Lake ýý '' / Tiberias '-,

N

l ý. _4 0 Km 10 a K

F I G U R E 49` 'x.

t,,

.. _, ., r ý

t_rt .. Figure 49

Golan Heights i Examples of Shifts in the Location of Jewish Settlements, 1967-1978.

Merom Golan Qeshet 1. Alaikah, 1967 1. Quneitra, 1974

2. Quneitra, 1967 2. North of Har Avital, 1974 3. Permanent Site. 3. Hushniye, 1974 March 1972 4. Permanent Site, Sept. 1978

Geshur

1. Tel Fares, 1968

2. Tanoriya, no data. 3, Permanent Site, 1977.

Sourcess

Bier, A. Heahazuiot ve Hitnahaluiot. 1976 Tokhnit Pituah ha Golan-Matzai (Settlement Dept., 1974) Jewish National Fund - data from Mr. Ephraim Orni. Ha-aretz 25-9-78 P. 3 (Qeshet shift 3-4) Also see Appendix VIII (Qeshet). -%

ý"ý, i' / `" / r '\

f Site

Merom Golan moves

Qeshet moves

Geshur moves 21 3A. IIf

ýI

Cease-fire Line 1967-1973 t11 1967 Borders _". _ /i N(3 I

"1 _I 1f------.i 0 Km 10 i

j/

Lake Tiberias

j Ir

5 8

-- 111f -'ý

FIGURE 50 Figure 50

Jewish Settlement Structure on the Golan Heights i Agricultural Land Use, 1974.

Sources

Tokhnit Pituah ha Golan - Matzai Settlement Dept., 1974T. -Faure 6. /

/'/

r 'ý L /L

Druze Area

Plantation

Irrigated Crops

® Field Crops

® Pasture

Jewish Q Settlement

Disengagement Line

N

0 Km 10

Lake / Tiberias

r

~N

c _._. _, F. IGU RRE 51

I Figure 51

The October 1973 War on the Syrian Front s Maximum Syrian Penetration into Israeli held territory (October 6-8) and Area captured in Israeli Counter-Offensive (October 11-22).

Sources:

Herzog, H. The War of At nement Pp. 02- 03.131.

United Nations - Report of the Secretary- General concerning the Agreement on

ces, 5/11: jOZ Aaa. j. inew zorx, iyyw).

Golan. Israel Ministry of Education and Culture Map-Pamphlet, 1976 (in He brew) I-. " I, ." r To Oamascus (20 Kilometres).11ý

" i Beit Jinn

i J

ii ii i i ý) ...... J%f% ......

ISRAEL r l SYRIA 1

1

l

0 Km 10 11 ¶

Lake Tiberias

Maximum Syrian Penetration, ::ý ! ý- 7 October 7-8. "i -ý-Limit of Israeli Counter- 1 ...... Offensive October 22. £ Jewish Settlement, October 1973. 1967-1973 Cease-fire Line. 1967 (International) Borders. Yýýt ý. n_. ý... ..fir: ý`..ý}.. U_wR ýý'. 52: _ ....

iý

e

..,. l' . Figure 52

July 1973 Plan i Proposed settlement structure in the Central Golan, 1973-1977"

Source

R at hGolan h itPtuh Ko tTu (Settlement Dept** 9 tI `_ Existing Settlement I

1O

f/ PROPOSEDALIGNMENT ./ ro'l // Lai Regional Centre

A Industrial Village %O Agriculturellndustry 1 A Settlement (Kibbutz)

Moshav 1

Disengagement ___ Line )\ Borders _, _1967

1i 1

i

OOi ike iberias

jO

J r, 8* ý"ý. 10 0 Km .. f; ý^

r, ýt

: 11^ý-r;

I- U--R-`E 53, G- -

t'.. -p f"'r '1rr Figure 53

April 1975 Plan s Proposed settlement structure in the Central Golan, 1975-1980.

Source$

Hatza'at Tokhnit le Hit shvu Tikhon (Settlement Dept., 197

See also Table 7t? 1

C II0 \ýl

t Existing Settlement f r ý1 PROPOSED ALIGNMENT

Urban Centre r 0 Industrial Village ( Agriculture /Industry ý1 IKixed) Settlement OI Moshav Lands allocated to i1 Mixed Settlements r

Disengagement I Line r-i /kýý \ ,u

1967 Borders _. _.

00 ý

ý®1 e® O O/ Lake O Tiberias O

1Oi N iO

ý"ý. 10 _, 0 Km FIGURE 54-

t Figure 54

Israeli Settlement Policy on the Golan Heights, 1974 $ Influences and Action. - ---

Sourcest

As for Chapter 7, Pp. 215-236.

See also figure532,33" ytN

eýw> C- O Ä s. 9) 7 C Ev w d E C O möa E- L äi 7 C +E> 1-212 E tr] aM -s wy C oe, wy O 6y Ö pyV ell 0- Wmüe 0 u2 m Q: OyCt. Uaoy w, Vä NC v5 10 y 3vv V m3ýüw Vj W [p ü OOV, 3e °1 C) w $4 o >o, °. uoqya uy E wC C 0 d4 N t-Y º. td Y. yRO y" ai ýýEy m , 8^ E 4) v"TV Y I.. pNýy v Cl) WI" V U, 4A V~ vý öyE N g, w. L w ö c) 0 o vaýE vi CC ý3 3 výe0 zu w w3 cc Mcö m ýe y ÄCN qNÖ Wýý3 ^" -6ö i0 vw0E 1Ny MEC C co a+ C 0) dý CO m d 0 M i Co 9) an a 92 cv ie in t je 8 Y Gi -o zK 17 O4N 91q 'r'J q ý' V w G n c-7 10 1:1 ý yN 0 Li W Ev (YC6j2 ýJ .Z0 '. F C3 º+ pc 0) y 0 ß-v0) CU-b v1 "ý 3qvm tu U1.10 a A w -H Ü öäQ 4) E 0 v, I« ý, 4) M I.. z ýG. IVvýv x üC yy EyN w äi ya .. b v/ Wm Cd w .a , M0W AO D 0 v ; m .5pC3 6be 0O U O ä 2 qw W w ý1 0 yENC C - cl ý~ L7 d~L2-3 _a. aN '. UUi W ÄU N w'i paNOO. N u rNy (d Cd - a UUCU G) G) y N iIh// 7 G Cy t+ AI4 öAll .2V ü U,Nq 0ö 2, 0j I 0 Ov 0 w[ V '0 d E y w U V a CW MU uJ ^y °" V. wow V N etl -EmÖ N3 4ýV 3 öýä 0) 5112 wüaý VNwU y o we wp 0 o uv' u mu .C mu ü ööývý7 U= ýa v , y0n 03w EI 2 ýj qU .a w3 c 0 S.. z dq 3 Eý x v r'r va2 g v R ED w w rý- ýnvä to äo )ää F Q7 cy X k ööv

w ä U uyv yy 4 ý O u .dÄ dl výN _Ü

.. 3-. V F I. G R E 55 ,U Figure 55

Israeli Settlement Policy on the Golan Heights, November 1975 - January 1976 1 Influences and Action.

Sources

As for Chapter 7, Pp. 215-236.

See also figures 32,33" Ew 7ý1 w $, E

äÖ aD {y -8 1 O. p q Ö% E V Y CO ý ý+ N YU ww3 w> JI CC9 93 rq ö U2!1 .0= Oy Ya ö_. ä0 qG + m F. äi -ýwu E my'ý3w Y[ý E W Eý°o 4Z2 w v: YQY ý+ 3 E3 Z) 3 Co ßv°1,3 .- .. cc -

v1 c; ä+ä °1 m O N mö vv0 y[3ö 4 yNuu 0 VedNNJ 0 yC o; 1. Ö E a 79 dl ° dC 4. Eä Co - Gl O u d vý u cu of ä E - N y ýow 01 4r fÄ w 1.4 2 ý! w W nO c 3ye ex H Co N a N Ni" dJ QQý ya+ " to d wN [ý NC a aý+ _Q Uc a) 0 E qý ay 'L w Na e0 q q z _O w _O E. [°ECo c v x 0q1u _V Co w a 4VV Qi üö R / y rr 0 oE4 >G E i äuz ä Q u ýq NNN {. 1 go w +, s ey WM cc a I.. Co °Ü vÄwy Cl OG ýv ro 3N Ä dVWy öO ly ý. V1 . ý uýH N Ö 4) Ö wy U 'O r. 'jý'7p yý of ý. 1.. 10 C IS' WE Ö O tY L N 7Q0" vU ra S3 3-Ec y o°, a o O ýi Zü4 u W -5 ýI ä3d3ý U. eo aaa rJ v ný oy a_ a~, q m-s 33 j O I' v 'e`p ° pw6a E mmpigÖ wöü 11 y y ý ww °ý m per _1 9E y 'paC '*' 0ý4 a4U w^ ýý y w ýýGba ýý J ýgP-: qv Ö 3' 93G uM.E ýv üöürq T ýj O

Öý NmNwp w a E" < X- ca VÖi w a

.re zý ýa v =ü ti t

ýý r

ýr.. ...

FIGU; RE 56

.t Figure 56

Quneitra Area $ Qeshet and the Disengagement Agreement, May-June 1974.

Sourcesi

Survey of Israel 100,000 map series Sheet II -2 East, Merom Golan (Aug. 1977) Sheet IV -2 East, Zivan (Nov. 1967)

United Nations -

C'orces. 5/. i. 1.30Z and Add. 1,2,3 (New York, 1974).

Also see Appendix VIII (Qeshetý figure 49. NI\ 1200 Et Rom 1100

1000 ö0

Israeli UNDOF Amin. Zone , 000 SY WAmin.

Qeshet 2 Merom Golan -ý/-, " . Qeshet 1 ýppp1100 *IQUNEITRA 0o> Har Avital

.D 0 0 1100 ý" I

Ain Zivan 0

Contour (metres-100 intervals) ---1000-- metre 1967-1973 Cease-fire Line

1974 Separation of Forces Zone Border " Jewish Settlement 12 Quneitra Km 2 FIGURE 57

.. t Figure 57

Golan Heights Main Roads , Syrian Highways and Israeli Additions/Improvements. 1967-1978.

Sources$

ufa 1973-1977 Settlement Dept., 1973) P.4.

Tokhnit Pitu h ha G lan-M tz i (Settlement Dept.. 1974)o 4,23,2 5, figure 7.

Tknit Pitu h ha Golan -T khnit ha hu (Settlement Dept., 197

Survey I1 11100,000 map series. Sheets 2 and for 1966 and 1975" f ý` HQr 7 Dov

'00' HERMON 7ý ýý 1 j Baniyäs^ i

Main Syrian Roads j

Main Roads Extended or Constructed by Israel j Wasi

Quneitra Gonen Disengagement ... line

1967 Borders _, _

'I 1 I'-- /J 11

/ 1, n 11 Bnot 1 Ya'agov J1 Hushniye

0 Km 10 ¶1 Rafid ý. / 1

Mazra'at I Quneitra Batiha i i

i iI Lake Kursi

Tiberias Bene Yehuda -'

Fiq

Et Hamma FIGURE 58 Figure 58

Golan Heights $ Expansion of the All-Weather Road Network, 1970-1975

Sourcesa

Survey of Israel lsl00,000 map series. Sheets 2 and 4 for 1970,1972 and 1975" ý; r! s

I

1 I 1

I

ýý1' 1970 1972

Km IS I I

Paved Road i 'l \' Unpaved Road I ý"ý-ý ý's", ý

%

Cease-fire Line 1967-1973 Disengagement Line 1974"

1975 FIGURE 59

"ý{r Figure 59

Golan Heights a Israeli Water Supply Systems, 1974

Sources

Tokhnit Pituah ha G1 -biat ai Settlement Dept., 1974), Pp. 25-28, figure 8. f i ý :. / / ,

"ý ý " I v rekhot Ram O Pump Station 0I

" Reservoir 1. p " Spring ` BREKHOT RAM PROJECT O Bore p Storage Pond i ® Pipe Net i O l

Jewish 0S e ttl ement Druze % 0 Village r Disengagement ... line 1967 Borders

I i lý

) SOUTH GOLAN

PROJECT l O ý Lake l Tiberias n *4 0 :.ýýI ý o

/ N F

Jam/

10 c. -7' F I G U R E' 60

i ,

P ..

s Figure 60

The Jordan Rift Security Strip (1975) and the Jewish Settlement Structure at the end of Labour rule (June 1977)

811) Settlements (ordered by date of foundation - table

1. Qalia 14. Ma'ale Adumim 2. Mehola 15. Nativ ha Gedud 3. Argaman 16. Tegoa 4. Massua 17. Kokhav ha Shahar 5. Gilgal 18. Ro'i 6. Qiryat Arba' 19. Ma' ale Efraim 7. Petzael 20. Mivsam 8. Mitzpe Shalem 21. Giva' t Adummaa 9. Yitav (Na' aran) 22. Qalia B 10. Hamra 23. Rimmonim 11. Bega'ot 24. Tomer 12. Gittit 25. Shlomit 13. biekhora

Also showing Highland Arab villages located inside the Rift Strip and up to 5 kilometres to the west.

Sourcesi

ah Ai itK Aizor Bi a' t ettlement Dept., 1975. section 2s1.

Jordan, C flulation - West Bank of the rn zl 1 üpl ni II V[30 ureau of Stat st cs, 0 P. 16 0. Jerusalem) .Vo1.1 Ha aretz 10-6-68 P. 1.

Also see Table 8s1, figure 38p Appendix VII. " / '/ BETT SHEAN i1 VALLEY

0 f Jewish \ 2 Settlement f

O Arab Ot/ 0 (HVillageighland)

" 0¢ ý X18 ® Annexed East ý' t1 f Oi fs Jerusalem Q Nablus / 0 ö`` 10= Rift Strip Border I l3 f o3 f Ot Jerusalem c ...... SAMARIA Approaches 01 r4 12 1k 'Line of Settlement ' 0-21 19 c :. = 10 f 25 Road lO f Dumaf7 1ýýf21 Y4f Main Road 1 5 O itp 15A 1967 Border ... rf17 20f O; )fZ3 9 . -A 0 "` Q Ramallah \t

Jericho

22 f

00 / DEAD ý". " O, /0 SEA O ý" 11016 le. % O/ O 0/

of JUDEA % Bf '.' I 01 N

Hebron Q/f60 ' "

% O 0( "// / 0 10 Km 20

1 0 1 FIGURE 61 Figure 61

Jordan Rift i Distribution of Jewish Settlements, June 1971.

Sources

As for Table 811. i-`

FlolU r b an Es t a t e p Q Moshav Shittufi l 0 Nahal

i 0 Moshav

a Q

o

I

I-"'

Rift Strip Border p r' Jerusalem Approaches

1967 Borders _, _



"`. ýý .l

_i I

i i r.: ý

C

/ 0 Km 20 191 1 FIGURE 62 Figure 62

Jordan Rift s Distribution of Jewish Settlements, June 1975"

Sources$

As for Table 8el. Urban Estate

1 D Kibbutz

Moshav

Q Moshav Shittufi . 11 % 0 Nahal % '- O Unofficial Site

Valley Line ......

Mountain t Line % Rift Strip f ' Bor der

Jerusalem """ . A pproa ch e s

1967 Border

% % 1ý

}

i i i i i /

/ý . / N

1 1 0 Km 20 FI G U R E 63 Figure 63

Jordan Rift $ Distribution of Jewish Settlenenta. June 1977

Sources,

As for Table 8.1

Survey I 1x50,000 map series Sheets L t, .9I, II, III, IY. 12 I9II. Bi a' at ha Yarden (Jordan Rift) group (November 1975 and January 1977)" M Ur ban Es t at e ® Regional Centre

Kibbutz

Moshav

Q Moshav Shittufi ;i Area Centre ;i Nahal j

Industrial Area .N Valley Line

Mountain A Line A, Rift Strip Border

11\ Jerusalem 1 `ý Approaches 11 r -- 1 1967 Border ...

el*

i

i

0 Km 20 11 FIGURE 64 Figure 64

Land Conflict in the Jordan Rift Planning Region, Situation up to August 1975 1 Lands ac (asuired for Jewish settlement, Arab working areas defined by Israel). Examples of Arab private domain 'concentrated' for Jewish settlement (as mentioned in Chapter 8, P. 267) with extent in dunams.

Sources i

Tokhnit Pituah Ai it K1t- izor a"at ha Yarden Sett emnnt Dept., 19x75. -Sec on Ell table 20, figure 3.

Ha-aretz 24-1-73 P. 12. i JEWISH SECTOR LANDS 1 Mehola

IMM Handed-over for Settlement

® Not Yet Handed-over

1 ® Not Yet Concentrated'

ýý Jewish o_ý_ ý_ ý7 1 Settlement / oenui ut0o

ARAB SECTOR

Q Working Area (1967)

1600 Areas in Dunams

Aqaba 1 00 Planning __ Region Limits

f Girnt (a I ý

O

/ i 1440

Ir ýo1, 013 I Q

Iýý 0 Km 10 II

i

r F I- G U R E 65_ Figure 65

Water Supply Conflict in the Jordan Rift Planning Region, Situation in August 1975 Supply system for Jewish settlements, Distribution of Arab springs.

Sources s

Tokhnit Pituah Aiz it K lel - Aizor B a" t ha Y rde Settlement Dept., 1975)o Figure 3. --.

Zamonski, E. Ha Aravim be Biga'at h Yarden - Yiehuvim ve H laut (The Arabs the Jordan Rift - Settlements and Agriculture) in Shmueli, Grossman and Zeevy Yehuda Shomron, P. 607. _, _ve

Tokhnit Av le He tMim ba Bi "t Yarden (Shotah: Lm Mahu ar (Settlement Dept., 197k). Bardalaýýppp ii Tel el JEWISH SECTOR 1p Baida 1 Mehola A Jewish Settlement 1 1 A Bore

1 O Reservoir 1 O Pump Station

Main Pipe O - t A \ p

ARAB SECTOR

\j Arab Village /AO Springs /A 7 0 <2.5 million C.M. p. a Q >2.5 million r " c. m. p. a O

Planning I _i C,Aý ä t. Region Limit

1 °O

0 A A

Auja

0 00 p Km 10 cl 111

o JERICHO

0 ,,.

FIGURE 66 ..

S "t f r

R Figure 66

Jordan Rift $ Economic Development Zones for Jewish Settlement, mid 1970's.

Sources.

T khnit Pituah Ai it K1 t- io B ga"at ha Yarden (Settlement Dept., 1975)"

ESargovski, N. 'Ha Hityashvut ha Yehudit ba Biqa'at ha Yarden' (Jewish Settlement in the Jordan Rift) in Shmueli, Grossman and Zeevy Yehuda ve Shomron, P. 631 and 633" 0 Primarily Agricultural Settlement

If Agriculture/ Tourism

FM Urban. y Urban)/ Industrial ...... Settlement

® Annexed East Jerusalem fprQirn. 'Mdale Rift Strip Border

Jerusalem ...... Approaches

Kokhavnv ha Shaher 1967 Border _. _

%`I II I'_ \. 1 _- 1

.'

i: ý.

i i i i

iý . Qrrrat. Arta

1 1 1 1 1 0 Km 20 1 ILJ 111 1 1 + I FIGURE 67 Figure 67

Rabin Government s Influences and Action in Israeli Settlement Policy, 1975-1977"

Sources

As for Chapter 9o ß'p"283-2959

See also figures 320 33,54,55. CQC u _°.

ieo öý u bo y fl q Z. yu v " '0 7ý. >a)EY öe 'ý Vw

'WrV iý E uo9: bö E2 3EUv. 29" .Q 4. C ä o E w " v tea, .r2 -9v 0 0 ' 'ý EF d "yaa: ö ° q0 ä wE C w Vr dÖ to a N =w -uý' to .r . N V1 w' K_ ý y v v ý v 0 uYO V-Q) Q VA auý 0 4..1 as Q ld QýýV V :z .wý w a "" . roCa. /zý11 rý 0) _ý ýa E" LJ cd W Oý ý7 ld %yb u) 0o v 4.4 y yON CÜO a[i cd .p 3öß C eo ryý odaC z O Jci z v O C Co ö Wc`n5 Op 4) a S 1O C) OOq c DH ~yQ ' cd cd Ad U ä U u z Co Oý ý+ O Wy .ý°, E+ m_m ä+ O, . a0.ß Öä wÜ aoy"º `ý v _ W C1 1 `-4 ' O Gl oý ý [xä vu p =- e CL) a> a) ý'äüto a ýýyý 1'' w 0W N a C+O «] Ski 7v ttl ouÖpN _o .r 0 yy 0 a ÖCag0 CO h"y 0 7 1r 14 w º" CCrpo in ýwrO uOpýO E M LNV º4 Iii U- u Ez I", Cý ý.. u\1 . N ca) y ývv UEE Ei -t 0

- 4) q 1- 9) - 0 . uo r 2 'G =N,o2ooI iV w WC "ý+ V1 I

ýýcö v 'y in wU ,aü yy: ., ýe Ui u .. M Q ~ w~ öM 0 ýý`ooöu ai 00 A) 4,) ºa CV m wO w. 0 ^ ' 6. 0 cd Ehu ýtwö Li. Ee 42 QýrP. D v $. Eý v I Ä° Co E D aß Moäý, W '0o a

E U w_ U Co to to ö° 34 6

b. Q ý' C 4) Ev 1,4 C e = rCr ý0 O) E Co 3 CV 1:,w 'a 0,270. eöäýý00 0L 131E 0ý0 t

F I, GURE 68

R

. ý.: c_'ý Figure 68

Begin Government s Influences and Action in Israeli Settlement Policy, June 1977-October 1978.

Built up from 1977-78 newspaper extracts froms

Ha-aretz (Tel AvivO Ma0ariv (Tel Aviv) Davar (Tel Aviv) Jerusalem Post (Jerusalem) Der Spiegel (Hanover) Die Welt (Hamburg) The Financial Time s (London) The Times (London) The Sunday Times (London) The Guardian (Manchester)

Main Israeli Press reports as quoted in Chapter 9 footnotes (source, date, page)

N. B.

poss. = possibility. E

Ed -, cl . gýj v [ya a! yy u .° 3äü-ö ö00 ö,

7 % G' V ;' w 2 " 6'oäýp 0vº. C3td 0,a 8- !! wa Ný Cd CO l) r Öy "" 4+ fÄ art >~r ý td 3 A IM v °+3U vCo 13 v v C y `y v~,. "ý ýy 0 ea Cd 14 52 Q a= (D Co =ý 00 Ü ... ,2W 93A ä- ýq1. d vy1KU

w0ý'ü: 3 > vi - 9) 12 4,111 b- gyp-' h Lýý` pOp oy u a. v glIö ýyvý °a' ý co7 c e,- s wýy-. = -0 ° .a q ý' qn w oä ° ä ao 9N U uö vý 3ü e, Yp+ V m e{ 1° 19 ý CL) öC c' ä3c`3ýäý C7 °pd eh .r In U G. ý 0 ö ýwal (U 0w 91ad e zu Z 0 : wbG(9 vi(U 0 at wvv - n F U) y 7N_ G pOE z" w A U t> D=Hw P 0 wöwz E+ °a ö^ ++ 3 ýi H Cý ö- a ö I ox8 . a ý aý ýv ýy aý b co ýu ä+ 0 a ° KID ,+0d Y w3 4) ei id C A X2 5:: nA Q. öw

"V :rb yU C3 C5 N ö 0 gi U $. wCd w ec $4 ab, ,° . ýN d

My

ý. ice.. . ö £° p3 o v WWö q&=ýaýcu 9 >' a07i +a `° 8R wqA9y . ucý OpVygwYA

b id Nr ýtl aNSyy a+ u-q Eö °3 v°°n qÜ ö' vý in ý' ýö OG WZ

q° °1

A il. C. U, W0 x c? EE

ýW ýd r' ., -, ý

µr

FI,. a.,yRE 69 Figure 69

Gush Emunitn Settlement Foundations on the West Bank 1975-1978" Rabin Government June 1974-May 1977 Begin Government June 1977-May 1978

Sources :

Ha-aretz 6-12-77 P. 9 Map of Gush Emunim sites 10-5-78 P. 14 Shilo article with map Ma______ariv10-1-78 P. 3. Field Research, Feb. 1978

Survey of Israel 1,50,000 map series Sheet II - 11 Jerusalem (Oct. 1976) (May Sheet IV -8 Ramallah 1974) Sheet II -8 SalfitJuly 1976) Sheet IV .-5 Shkhem Feb. 1976) ý. "0i JENIN

r' Ootan ý'"ý.

SAMARIA Y I/ Shomron

Alon 0 NABLUS Moreh AL Garnei Shomron Abortive settlement 1 attempt June 1977- May 1978 AL Toppuah jýMesha Haris

A Shilo

Nabi Saleh

Ofre, Q Beit El `, o t" \ AHorýHoron 0 RAMALLAH/ C. 2 A'Beit Horön,, // o ý //// !ý Givon "ý \//// "/ 1 "ý .. 'ý"-" Ma"le A, Adumim

Z `mal

loool

JUDEA 0 Km 20 i i t fý -r

FIGURE 70 ,

F

y-

I Figure 70

Rafiah Approaches (North Sinai) - Gaza Strip $ Israeli Settlement Distribution, December 1977

Settlements (with year of establishment)

1. Nahal Ntzarim (1972) 2. Kfar Darom (1970) 3. Nahal Qatif (1973) 4. Netzer Hazani. (1977) 5" Qatif B. (projected 1978) _(projected 6. Nahal Norag (1972) 7. Sufa (1974) 8. Nahal Holit (1977) 9. Avshalom (1973) 10. Sadot (1971) 11. Ntiv ha-Asara (1973) 12. Priel (projected 1978) 13. Nir Avraham (1977) 14. Ugda (1975) 15. Talmei Yosef (projected 1978) 16. Sadot H. 17. Sadot J 18. Sadot I 19. Digia (1969) 20. Nahal Haruvit (1975) 21. Neot Sinai (1967)

Sources $ Ma_____ariv11-1-78 P. 17

Tour of the Zionist Congress De1e tes, 23 Feb. 1978 (Settlement Dept.. Jerusalem) Pp. 47-56.

Biers A. Heahazuiot ve Hitnahaluiot, 1976.

Su eY of Israel 1il00,000 map series sheet 13 Yam t), 1976. 1' Urban Centre Settlement Block Area Centre

Moshav

Kibbutz

Nahal " GAZA

Settlement Planned /Under Construction 0' (approx. location)

" Arab Town

X .Z/ /" 3 Limit of Land Preparation Work fapprox. ) QATIP'BLOCK (o5 1967 BoLndary . KHAN YUNIS i ISRAEL Gaza/Sinai Boundary / \\ 06

RAFAM YAMIT

Aý

8 O, 9 19 1p-, 12\\ 110 ic 0r 15ý Q 20 3 14 N SADOT ý 1" BLOCK 0 01e%l " """ RAFIAH APPROACHES EL ARISH 0 Kw 10 Lý

SINAI FIGURE 71 Figure 71

Implications of the June 1967 War for Settlement Patterns in the Occupied Territories $ Measures of Demographic Change.

1. Includes Rafiah salient

2. Includes Qiryat -Arba` . Jericho 3. Annexed area

Sources%

As for Tables 211,9*2 0 0 i 0 rn ý" LL

ir O z co ^ sc 0 0 a a 0 v

a) E

O c cD `'

ä (1) Z In ö Q 2 = ö w J ý= O 1ý 0i JY cr_ Qm w c

zý(n 0 I- -0 r U, O w r " ,3 C) N 0ä N Qv (D Oa

0

JC)000000 q If) N ('xoiddo) uo! jolndod goad LL6I 10% so saal44as1100asl ACKN0WLED0EMENT

I would like to thank Mr. Derek Hudspeth for photographic reduction of my maps and diagrams and the Drawing office of the Geography

Dept., University of Durham, for the loan of equipment.