Medals and Awards for 1976

Presentation of the Penrose Medal to Preston E. Cloud, Jr.

CITATION BY DIGBY J. McLAREN fessor emeritus on rejoining the USGS as a There have been other involvements — so- research biogeologist in 1974. He has car- cial and governmental: testimony to House I am here to present to you your Society's ried out extensive field work on seven con- and congressional committees on national Penrose Medalist for 1976 — Presuon tinents and participated in many interna- goals, the effect of population growth on Cloud. This gives me peculiar pleasure, as I tional congresses, seminars, lecture tours, natural resources and the environment, and have been familiar with his published work and committees. He has served with the his voiced concern with quality of life and throughout my own career, and I have long United States Government, National man's balance with nature. He asks: "How valued his friendship. To compress a de- Academy of Sciences, National Research should we respond to the now widely ap- scription of Preston Cloud's scientific con- Council, Geological Society of America, preciated fact that Earth is demonstrably tribution into a few words is well-nigh im- and universities on committees, symposia, finite?" and "Can we begin now to consider possible. His career ranges from paleontol- and as a consultant. He has lectured exten- the consequences of a steady-state material ogy, ecology, and stratigraphy through sively throughout the world. economy?" And his contributions are ex- geochemistry, economic geology, urban His achievements cannot easily be pressed in terse, lucid language that clearly and environmental geology, and oceanog- categorized, but much of his work might be differentiates between evidence and theory. raphy to crustal, atmospheric, and biologic grouped under the general heading of But his writings are also characterized by evolution. His work spans the geological biogeology. Beginning with Devonian his willingness to draw conclusions and column from the oldest rocks to the present brachiopods and stratigraphy, he ranged suggest opinions that may transcend the and includes prediction for the future. His through the Paleozoic and Precambrian, in- immediate objective. Like one or two other scientific work cannot be divided into cluding early work on stromatolites, and notable iconoclasts who have received this phases — he seems to have added to his has established himself as a leader in prob- medal, he has proved to be right in more specializations throughout his career, but lems of the origin of life and its evolution than one important field. Here then, in a not to have relinquished any. Recent papers during the long aeons before the Cambrian. phrase used recently in correspondence in include most of the main themes of his re- Meticulous work by him and his col- Science, we have the "one-armed scientist" search going back to the thirties and forties, laborators has demonstrated the antiquity par excellence; one who does not hedge and to each of them should be added the of the cyanophytic cell and suggested im- every argument relating to the impact of comment "continuing." But a list of his portant evolutionary stages in the first ap- science on man with "on the other hand." work does not adequately describe his pearance of eucaryotic cells and the Cloud has received many honors and career. Running through it is an increas- Metazoa. This work expanded to the exam- awards, and this brief account can scarcely ingly voiced concern that can best be ex- ination of the effect of life on the chemistry consider them all. He was elected to the Na- pressed in his own words: "The uniquely and evolution of the primitive Earth, cul- tional Academy of Sciences in 1961 and has human gift of foresight brings with it the minating in a principle of evolutionary in- served on its council and executive commit- burden of responsibility for our actions." teraction explaining relations between the tee. He has also served on the governing Here is a man who has delved deeply into biosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere and board of the National Research Council. the structure of trees, but has never lost their relevance to the early history of the He is currently chairman of the Section of sight of the woods. Earth and its future. Parallel with this he Geology in the National Academy of Sci- Preston Cloud was born in West Upton, has stimulated work on marine geology by ence. Among awards and medals at home Massachusetts, on September 26, 1912. He his own involvement and as the first USGS and abroad should be mentioned the served three years in the U.S. Navy and at- representative in interagency oceanography Paleontological Society Medal in 1971. His tended George Washington University as well as by studies on modern marine publications include some two hundred pa- (B.S., 1938) and Yale (Ph.D., 1940). He has ecosystems. Early concern with environ- pers and five books. The relevance of geol- had a varied career in research and as an mental matters, resource geology, and in- ogy today and tomorrow possibly tran- educator. He was Sterling Research Fellow volvement of geology with human prob- scends other scientific disciplines relative to at Yale (1941-1942) and worked for the lems led to his being appointed chairman of the survival of the four billion human be- USGS in different capacities including chief the National Academy of Sciences Commit- ings who depend on this small planet for paleontologist and as organizer of the first tee on Resources and Man. In the preface to their material resources. Today we honor a USGS Marine Geology Program. In sum- the published volume (1969) he voiced his distinguished geologist for his contributions mary, he has held positions at Harvard creed on how problems that face mankind to many advancing fronts of knowledge University, with industry in Spain, at the must be tackled: "Yet the larger questions and for his unfailing sense of the relevance University of Minnesota, and at the Univer- will go forever unresolved if we decline to of his work to the present and future di- sity of California in Los Angeles and Sarita attack them merely because they appear lemma facing science, his country, and hu- Barbara. At the last-named he became pro- hazy and unanswerable in our lifetimes." manity.

Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, p. 10.50-1056, July 1977, Doc. no. 70713.

1050

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RESPONSE BY The time allotted to me permits mention many here unnamed friends who, in so PRESTON E. CLOUD, JR. only of those to whom my indebtedness is many ways, have enriched my life. greatest and most direct, some already I have been especially fortunate in my camped in the great rock garden beyond. choice of a profession. Where else do Ray Smith Bassler, James Benn, and G. Ar- biologists, chemists, physicists, hy- thur Cooper helped to get me started in drologists, meteorologists, planetary as- geology and paleontology during the great tronomers, oceanographers, and field depression of the thirties when the going geologists work side by side toward the so- was tough. Robert Griggs, Adolph Knopf, lution of grand problems in the concurrent Charles Schuchert, and Carl Dunbar filled evolutions of biosphere, atmosphere, hy- me with appreciation for the joy of learning drosphere, and lithosphere? During my and the urge to go on doing so for the rest lifetime, geology has become more problem of my life — the very essence of education. oriented, more ecumenical, and more fun. My fellow graduate students at Yale, espe- Its recent ferment of ideas about early crus- cially John Rodgers, were as important to tal evolution, plate tectonics, comparative my education as the distinguished faculty planetology, biogeological processes, and there. the biological aspects of paleontology I want also to acknowledge my debt to promises a new flowering that will rival Virgil Barnes, W. H. Bradley, Wendell that of the late 18th and early 19th cen- Woodring, W. W. Rubey, and H. L. James, turies. Like the drunk who was disturbed at all of whom have deeply influenced my ma- getting different answers through the day to ture intellectual growth, as have others. I his repeated inquiry about the correct time, have found inspiration too in the writings we may find the changing answers to old of other giants of geology and related pro- problems a bit confusing, but we can count fessions, past and present — of George ourselves fortunate to be practicing Gaylord Simpson, of G. Evelyn Hutchin- geologists during such a surge in the history President Folinsbee, Dr. McLaren, fellow son, of James Gilluly, and of A. M. Mac- of our fascinating multidisciplinary profes- geologists: this beautiful symbol of your gregor, for instance. And I have profited sion. approval, the Penrose Medal, means more from the association with my students and Truly I can appreciate this evening the to me than any merely material thing possi- colleagues at the University of California at words of that great human being Charles bly could. The words that would truly ex- Santa Barbara over the past eight years. M. Russell, cowboy and painter by trade press my thoughts at this time do not exist. Most of all, however, I am indebted to the but geologist in his soul: "Any man that can All 1 can really think to say is that I am U.S. Geological Survey for the part it has make a living doing what he likes is lucky, overwhelmed. But it would be ungracious played over the years and is playing now in and I'm that. Anytime I cash in now, I of me to stop at that. I must try to say a few furthering my education, supplying price- win." May I add, however, that, although words of thanks for the help, encourage- less colleagues, and providing opportunity getting the Penrose Medal is rather like ment, and inspiration I have had along the to work at fundamental things. being struck by lightning, the report that I way from the many who have made it pos- Finally, at the most personal level, I want already have one foot under the last out- sible for me to receive this very great honor to add a note of love and appreciation to crop is greatly exaggerated. tonight, inadequate though those words my wife Janice; to my children Karen, Lisa, Thank you, GSA, for dealing me this may be. and Kevin, and their mother; and to the winning hand.

Presentation of the Arthur L. Day Medal to Hans Ramberg

CITATION BY has been an innovative leader in the explo- simulation of small- and large-scale struc- PAUL H. REIT AN ration of new directions and the assessment tural phenomena of the crust, and (5) the of new approaches in the study of Earth application of mathematical models to the Thirty years ago, at the end of World crustal phenomena. His career has been understanding of the mechanical behavior War II, a young Norwegian began upon a especially characterized by (1) the applica- of the crust. distinguished international career em- tion of physical chemistry and ther- Looking at a recent list of Professor phasizing the application of chemistry and modynamics to the evaluation of hypoth- Ramberg's publications, it is clear that the physics to problems given thoughtful eses concerning the evolution and genesis of first half, up to 1961, demonstrates a clear geological definition and based on careful plutonic rocks, (2) the development of ex- emphasis on the application of chemistry to geological observation. This evening our perimental determinations of fundamental the solution of geological problems, while Society recognizes Hans Ramberg as emi- thermodynamic properties of geologically the second half demonstrates a shift of em- nently suited to the intent of Arthur L. Day important materials so as to constrain the phasis, which began in 1955 and became to honor outstanding achievement, and evaluation of hypotheses, (3) the careful dominant in 1961, to the application of thereby inspire to further effort, in the ap- observation of rocks in the field so as to de- physics to the solution of geological prob- plication of chemistry and physics to the termine the geological factors that must lems. problems of geology. constrain genetic theory, (4) the develop- It is noteworthy that all through his Throughout his career Hans Ramberg ment of experimental methodology for the career, while occupied with theoretical and

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1052 1 E GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, I

experimental research, Professor Ramberg geochemical and geophysical research for character of geologists, but there are limits has continued field work. His philosophy 30 years, half of the time working in the to the self confidence even of a geologist. has always been that theoretical consid- United States and half of the time in Knowing that much of my work has been erations must be tied to observed geological Europe. I am proud to have had some pro- somewhat on the controversial side, my field relations, structures, and mineral as- fessional exposure as well as personal as- feeling of surprise was strong. But just be- semblages. The interplay between field sociation with one of the major post-World cause my work is often unconventional, I geology and laboratory/theoretical geology War II contributors to the movement in especially appreciate receiving recognition generates new ideas and revises or rejects geological science to apply chemistry and from such a prestigious institution as the old ones that prove to be invalid. Such a physics to the solution of geological prob- Geological Society of America. synthesis is able to be most fruitful when lems. That the Arthur L. Day Medal is performed by a single individual capable of Mr. President, it is therefore a great per- awarded for the application of chemistry sustaining both approaches. Over the years sonal pleasure and honor to present to you and physics to the solution of geological he has generated many ideas. His book, The Hans Ramberg, the Arthur L. Day Medalist problems makes this award especially dear Origin of Metamorphic and Metasomatic for 1976. to me. True, in Earth science the problems Rocks, and many of his papers both before are found in the field, an without field work and after, treated with problems in mineral there is no geology, but the full solution to chemistry related to the structures and as- RESPONSE BY most of the "inorganic" geological prob- semblages of metamorphic rocks and what HANS RAMBERG lems requires the support of the basic sci- are the petrogenetic significance of these. ences such as physics, chemistry, and, of Throughout his work he has attempted to course, mathematics. emphasize quantitative approaches and I was lucky to start my studies, back in point the way to solutions that could be the late thirties, at a geology department found by experimental and modeling whose professors considered solid knowl- studies. Professor Ramberg has been an edge of chemistry, and partly physics, as a outstanding source of ideas for researchers "must" for graduate students in the inor- in thermodynamic mineral chemistry and ganic branches of geology. The university petrology over three decades. was Oslo University and the professors Since the early sixties Professor Ram- were the famous geochemist V. M. berg's work in the mechanics of geological Goldschmidt and the equally well known processes has won wide respect and repre- petrologist Tom F. W. Barth. The lectures sents a new approach to geological prob- by these two giants in the Earth sciences lems. This work in geodynamics is his most were exceedingly inspiring for a young stu- unique research. In his geochemical work dent. However, the informal out-of-the- he has achieved a position among the lead- classroom contact with one of them, ers, but his geodynamical research has namely Professor Barth, was probably even achieved for him a position of splendid iso- more important for my future scientific lation. He has synthesized research based career. upon experimental models, mathematical Barth had just returned from a visit of models, and both regional and detailed field several years at the Geophysical Laboratory studies in forging ahead to reach new bvels in Washington. From the U.S.A. he brought of understanding of small- and large-scale back two important things: (1) the well- geological structures. His work has been founded respect for chemistry and physics prized by those engaged in extraterrestrial as geologic tools that prevailed at the studies as well as engineers investigating the Geophysical Laboratory, and (2) the excel- responses of materials at the Earth's surface Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen: I lent American tradition of a democratic re- and, not least by his intended primary audi- know that I am repeating what other lation between professor and student. ence, the geologists engaged in the study of medalists have expressed on occasions like In true American spirit Barth treated his the deformation of the Earth's crust. this when I say that it was with an intense students in Oslo as his equals in science. Professor Ramberg has consistently feeling of gratitude and of pleasure — This created an encouraging atmosphere in risked unpopularity by questioning domi- mixed with a large portion of surprise — which scientific discussions and other scien- nant paradigms rather than "falling into that I read the letters from the president and tific activities thrived to the extent permit- line" to get the most quick mileage possible council members informing me about their ted by the limited economic resources of a out of what was most in vogue at the mo- choice of recipient for the Arthur L. Day geology department in the thirties. ment. His independence of thought and his Medal this year. Also, later in life I have been finding my- devil's advocate roles have helped to keep The reason for the feeling of pleasure is self in surroundings which have meant little physical and chemical inquiry focused on quite obvious, so is the feeling of gratitude scientific restriction, much inspiration, and soft spots in geological hypotheses and toward the Council members who made the often unconventional atmosphere. The theories as they have been developing. This decision and toward my colleagues who pre-1960 Department of Geology, Univer- is a contribution of great value for which suggested my name, an action which, besides sity of Chicago, is a case in point. The the geological community owes Professor a surprising faith in the candidate's scien- Chicago department was certainly not con- Ramberg recognition and gratitude. He has tific production, implies a large amount of ventional: thus, for example, the paleon- also been a leader in invoking new ap- time-consuming work. tologist made most of his work in the field proaches to inquire into unsolved problem The feeling of surprise is also very natural of statistics, the sedimentologist ex- areas. His work has stimulated both tiose indeed, when one suddenly learns that one perimented with a wave tank and applied closely associated with him and those who is to receive one of the top distinctions in fluid dynamics, the petrologist expressed have become aware of his work to s:udy the fields of Earth science. Modesty is prob- his petrogenetic problems in ther- deeply and more widely; he has catalyzed ably not the most outstanding trait of modynamic equations, the geophysicist did

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not study seismic waves, heat flow, or grav- gratitude to the Swedish Natural Science ous personal contact with American science ity as a respectable geophysicist ought to do Research Council for their generous sup- has been very valuable. — instead he measured the solubility of port of my experimental studies. Among all the people I feel indebted to at aragonite and calcite, and a structural Time to think and time to write is no less a time like this, my former students play a geologist (that is, the undersigned) ran his important for science than expensive labo- special role. In my time as a teacher I have rock structures in an old centrifuge found ratory equipment. In this connection I wish been fortunate to have had many excellent hidden in a basement. to acknowledge the generosity of the De- students who later have become outstand- This may not seem unconventional at the partment of Geology, University of Con- ing scientists. Discussion and coworks with present time when it is hard to find geologi- necticut, where I in recent years have spent these bright young persons have obviously cal publications not filled with ther- several fall terms with all the time I wanted influenced my research and contributed to modynamic, statistical, or fluid-dynamic to do my own research. keeping my interest in geological problems jargon, but in the fifties it was. After I left the University of Chicago alive. Much of my tectonic studies have been some 15 years ago I have often had the Mr. President and members of the Coun- done at the University of Uppsala, Sweden. privilege to be back and enjoy the hospital- cil of the Geological Society of America, to As this work probably also is partly respon- ity and the atmosphere of free scientific ex- you I finally wish to convey my feeling of sible for my standing here tonight, I shall change of ideas at several American univer- deep gratitude for the great honor which take the opportunity to express my sities and institutions. For me this continu- the Society has bestowed upon me this day.

Presentation of the Kirk Bryan Award to Geoffrey Stewart Boulton

CITATION BY erosion processes have been significantly award. I have been saving this moment of LAURENCE H. LATTMAN advanced by his efforts. what I thought would be tranquility, safe Dr. Boulton is the nineteenth recipient of from the benign tyranny of the postman, It is a pleasure for the Division of Quar- the Kirk Bryan Award. He thus joins an students, and colleagues, to write a short, ternary Geology and Geomorphology to outstanding group of scientists and fits witty, but earnest response. Sadly, I have present the 1976 Kirk Bryan Award to most comfortably among them. left my wits at home in a still-warm bed, Geoffrey Stewart Boulton. and so I must simply be earnest. Born in North Staffordshire, England, in RESPONSE BY Many of the pleasures of doing science 1940 and educated at Birmingham Univer- GEOFFREY S. BOULTON are fruits of intensely personal work, and sity, Geoffrey Boulton is today a reader in creative collaboration with other workers, the School of Environmental Sciences in the and sparking of ideas, especially interna- University of East Anglia. His first paper tionally, adds an extra dimension; but to was published in 1965, and his publications receive a friendly, and quite unexpected pat now total sixteen with six in press. Obvi- on the back, and a "well-done" from dis- ously, he is a prodigious worker. tant colleagues whom one admires and re- The Kirk Bryan Award has been given to spects is a pleasure indeed. Dr. Boulton for "Processes and Patterns of It is particularly significant to an English Glacial Erosion," published in 1974 in geologist to be given an award for geomor- Glacial Geomorphology, by the State Uni- phology, for in Europe a sharp distinction versity of New York, Binghamton. It is a tends to be made between the depositional remarkable report. activity of transporting systems, studied by The research that led to Dr. Boulton's geologists, and their erosional activity, prize-winning paper is a paradigm of studied by physical geographers. As a result modern glacial research. As we are all we tend to have a very partial view of what aware, much more effort has been ex- is an integrated system in space and time, a pended on glacial deposition and stratig- misapprehension which I do not believe has raphy than has been directed at the prob- been maintained in America and which this lems of glacial erosion. Not illogically, Society has been instrumental in avoiding. I therefore, Dr. Boulton attacked glacial ero- thus thank it for calling me a geomor- sion. His first step was careful field observa- phologist and hope that we in Europe will tion, including ingenious small-scale field follow you in bringing together the two experiments. From these quantitative data fragments of a geomorphologist's proper and from physical theory, he constructed a The 6:30 train from Norwich to London, study. conceptual, quantitative model. From the on the way to Antarctica, after a sudden Finally, I must apologize for not having model came predictions, and these predic- awakening by noisy children, and a sparse been able to come to Denver to receive the tions were, in turn, verified by more field breakfast, hardly provides the inspiration Kirk Bryan Award in person. I am honored studies. Throughout the study, Dr. Boulton and stability that my pen needs to ade- to have been placed by you amongst the dis- exhibited painstaking care, resourcefulness, quately thank the Society, and, particularly, tinguished company of previous recipients, and imagination. Our concepts of glacial- its Quaternary geologists, for this generous and I thank you most sincerely for it.

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CITATION BY 1298. In this paper, the authors summarize the honor they have bestowed on Paul and STANLEY N. DAVIS and demonstrate the practical applications myself. It is gratifying to know that col- of several of their previous theoretical pa- leagues consider our work to be useful, and Shlomo P. Neuman and Paul A. Wither- pers dating back to 1967. They also pro- I greatly appreciate this recognition. spoon are the 1976 recipients of the O. E. pose a new field method for determining the The particular paper that brought us this Meinzer Award in hydrogeology. Dr. hydraulic properties of aquifers and award culminates several years of joint ef- Neuman was born in Czechoslovakia in aquitards in leaky systems. They review forts on the part of Paul and myself. It may, 1938 and moved to Israel in 1949. After re- existing methods of analyses and demon- therefore, be appropriate on this occasion ceiving his B.S. at Hebrew University, he strate that the usual restricted information to tell you a little bit about how Paul and I continued his graduate work at the Univer- gathered from only the aquifer yields, at came to work together. When I received my sity of California at Berkeley, where he best, approximate results and sometimes degree in geology from the Hebrew Univer- completed his Ph.D. in 1968. He did further can be very misleading. They conclude their sity in Jerusalem, I was searching for an research and some teaching at Berkeley be- paper with a convincing demonstration of opportunity to combine a genuine interest fore he returned to Israel to work with the their new technique using actual field data in the Earth sciences with an equally keen Institute of Soil and Water of the Agricul- from the Oxnard area in southern Califor- interest in mathematics and physics. It was tural Research Organization at Bet Dagan. nia. a lucky coincidence that my search landed Recently, he returned to the United States In a broader view, this paper has not only me in Berkeley at the time when Paul was and is presently professor of hydrology at provided important new insight and work- absorbed in a most interesting research the University of Arizona. Dr. Neuman's ing tools for the hydrogeologist, but it has project sponsored by the American Gas As- thesis adviser at Berkeley was Dr. Wither- done much to force us into a more realistic sociation. The objective of this project was spoon, whose academic career started ir. his view of the complexities of nature. The con- to devise field techniques that would help home state of Pennsylvania where he re- tribution that is honored today, happily, evaluate the hydraulic properties of a cap ceived his B.S. in petroleum engineering has already hastened the abandonment of rock overlying a potential gas storage reser- from the University of Pittsburgh in 1S'41. some primitive rituals whose incantations voir. The basis for such new techniques was After graduation, Dr. Witherspoon worked revolve around a straight edge and an original idea by Paul to place observa- eight years for Phillips Petroleum Com- semilogarithmic paper. For these and other tion wells not only in the aquifer as had pany. He returned to school in 1949 and accomplishments, we extend our thanks been done in the past, but also in the low- received his M.S. from the University of and our congratulations to Shlomo P. permeability cap rock above the intended Kansas in 1951 and his Ph.D. from the Uni- Neuman and Paul A. Witherspoon, re- reservoir. His approach was to study what versity of Illinois in 1957. He also worked searchers and innovators, but, above all, re- happens around the pumping well by for the Illinois Geological Survey while he sponsive individuals whom we are proud to simulating the flow on a digital computer was in Urbana. Since 1957, Dr. Wither- claim as friends and colleagues. with the aid of a finite difference technique. spoon has been teaching at the University of This took place in 1962-1963, and it ap- California at Berkeley. RESPONSE BY pears to be one of the early attempts, if not In 1948 when one of our recipients was a SHLOMO P. NFUMAN the very first, to simulate a pumping test on schoolboy in Czechoslovakia and the other the computer. Paul's unique combination of was a young petroleum engineer in the imagination, intuition, and enthusiasm United States, the probability of these two immediately fired my own interest in the individuals collaborating some day in high- subject. It was then and there that I decided level research would have been calculated to become a hydrogeologist. by most rational statisticians as almost When the time came for me to develop a zero. Luckily, the very small, but still finite, master's thesis, Paul recommended that I probability became a reality and has re- try to reproduce his numerical results by sulted in one of the most fruitful teams in constructing a thermal model. This, how- the history of hydrogeology. Together, they ever, would have required considerable have published 15 outstanding research re- time and effort, which I, as a typical stu- ports. Although they have written on a dent, wanted to avoid. In order to find an large number of topics, their best known easy way out of my predicament, I came up works deal with leaky aquifer dynamics, with an alternative suggestion to develop an free surfaces, and the application of finite analytical solution for the case of a slightly element methods to these and other prob- leaky cap rock. Paul agreed, provided that I lems. would be able to show him tangible results The O. E. Meinzer Award is given for a within two weeks. Because I was deter- single publication. Out of several pos- mined to avoid the hard work involved in sibilities, the award committee has wisely building a model, I had little choice but to chosen to honor the article on "Field De- accept the challenge. With a great deal of termination of the Hydraulic Properties of luck and very little sleep, I somehow man- Leaky Multiple Aquifer Systems," pub- Thank you very much, Stan, for those aged to come up with the finished product lished in 1972 in Water Resources Re- beautiful words. I want to start by thanking within the time so graciously allotted to me search, volume 8, number 5, pages 12&4— the O. E. Meinzer Award Committee for by my teacher. You may be interested to

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know that Paul kept his promise and the Some of us here today have already hydrogeology started some years ago when subject of a thermal model was never men- started working in this or similar directions, I was working as a petroleum engineer. tioned again. In subsequent years, I had the and we all recognize that much still remains After several years in the field, I recognized privilege of continuing to work with Paul in to be done. With this in mind, I enthusiasti- the necessity of returning to graduate an atmosphere of mutual trust and cooper- cally accept the O. E. Meinzer Award not school to get a better background in geol- ation, some of the fruits of which we are only as a compliment for past work, but ogy. In the process, I was fortunate to be reaping here today. I wish to take this very also as a challenge for the future. I thank able to meet a number of prominent unique opportunity to thank Paul for those you all very much. geologists, among them are John Frye, years as well as for everything I learned George White, Ralph Grim, Frank Foley, from him about hydrogeology, about the and Burke Maxey. The hydrogeologists in scientific method and about plain human RESPONSE BY this group soon convinced me of the im- relations. PAUL A. WITHERSPOON portance of their field and of the many Finally, I would like to express in a few problems that need attention. After com- words my opinion about the possible fu- pleting my graduate work, I was able to ture of pumping tests in hydrogeological • join the University of California, and after a practice. Many of us will probably agree few years, I became a professor of geologi- that pumping tests will continue to stay our cal engineering with emphasis on certain main tool of aquifer evaluation for many aspects of hydrogeology. Of course, in years to come. However, it is becoming ik \ order to make any progress academically, it more and more evident that classical pump- is imperative that the faculty be fortunate ing test techniques may not be sufficient to enough to work with competent graduate provide us with the kind of information we { students. In this regard, I have been ex- need to reliably predict how a ground- tremely fortunate in the caliber of the water system will react in the future. The young men who have come to Berkeley to alternative may perhaps be found in divis- V work in hydrogeology. Shlomo Neuman is ing large-scale tests in which several wells one of this group of able young men and it will be pumping simultaneously. The rate has been a very pleasant and stimulating of pumping in each well will be designed in experience to work with Shlomo. Our joint accordance with modern control theory to effort on the paper selected for this award enable us to extract the maximum amount has been most enjoyable, and the recogni- of information from the field data. The tion of our efforts by the O. E. Meinzer analysis of these data will, in most cases, Award Committee is very much ap- have to be done numerically through a pro- preciated. I agree with Shlomo's analysis cess known as the inverse method or Shlomo Neuman and I are very pleased that the application in the field of some of parameter identification. Furthermore, the to receive the O. E. Meinzer Award for the things that we have been working on in resulting information will be of a statistical 1976. A very distinguished group of hy- hydrogeology has many exciting pos- nature, giving us an insight into the uncer- drogeologists has been so recognized over sibilities. Perhaps this award will serve to tainties involved in trying to predict the fu- the years and we feel honored to be able to draw attention to some of this work, and if ture behavior of a ground-water system. join this group. My particular interest in it does, then we will be very much satisfied.

Presentation of the E. B. Burwell, Jr., Award to David J. Varnes

CITATION BY committee are James W. Skehan, J. Hadley U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper FRANK W. WILSON Williams, Murray R. McComas, Lloyd B. 837. Underwood, Bernard W. Pipkin, and my- Dave Varnes received his B. S. in geology The E. B. Burwell, Jr., Memorial Award self, as chairman. Nine papers were nomi- (with honors) from the California Institute is made to the author or authors of a pub- nated for consideration by the committee in of Technology in 1940. He did additional lished paper of distinction that advances 1976. After careful review and several work in geology at Northwestern Univer- knowledge concerning principles or prac- rounds of balloting to narrow the field, one sity the following year. Since 1941, he has tice of engineering geology or of the related paper consistently remained in first place been a geologist with the U.S. Geological fields of applied soil or rock mechanics and the committee recommended to the Survey. From April 1961 to August 1964, where the role of geology is emphasized. chairman of the Engineering Geology Divi- he was acting chief, and later, chief of its The award generally is made annually, but sion and the Council of the Geological So- Engineering Geology Branch. it may be withheld if no suitable paper is ciety of America that the 1976 E. B. Bur- He was a previous recipient of the E. B. chosen. well, Jr., Memorial Award be presented to Burwell, Jr., Award with Glenn R. Scott in The recipient or recipients of the award David J. Varnes for his paper, The Logic of 1970. are selected by a committee appointed by Geological Maps, with Reference to Their Dave, it is with considerable pleasure the Management Board of the Engineering Interpretation and Use for Engineering that I present to you the 1976 E. B. Burwell, Geology Division. Members of the present Purposes, which was published in 1974 as Jr., Memorial Award.

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Thank you very much, Frank and Jim. my objective became simply to get to a dry Some of you might be interested in how this spot, regain mental equilibrium, plot up the rather odd publication came about. One of notes, and try to see where to go next. This the oddities, by the way, is that this is ap- was my state when the paper was written, parently the only USGS Professional Paper and it is mentioned only to explain some of to lead off with a quoted poem, a poem the defects in organization, continuity, and which, unintentionally, drew some fire as content. being a typical example of male chau- It should be emphasized that although vinism. The study really was triggered the high-ground, yellow brick road wasn't about ten years ago when Jack McGill, then found, many other people are exploring in Chief of the Branch of Engineering Geology new directions. My function was to help in the USGS asked me to review our pro- build a catwalk or two around some of the gram of topical research. In typical fashion more apparent alligator holes. The search I slewed sidewise, looked at rock mechanics must go on indefinitely to seek ever better and residual stress, and finally started fac- pathways toward thoughtful, purposeful ing up to an increasing concern with what application of geological information to was being done in interpretive mapping for engineering works. This will require, in engineering purposes, by us and by others. each instance, our best efforts to fuse map- After many false starts, I realized the ping with clear writing into an effective necessity to examine the mental processes means of communication. gone through by the producers of engineer- The E. B. Burwell, Jr., Award is a high ing geologic maps and texts, as these pro- honor that I wish to share with the many cesses may be inferred, imperfectly to be others who helped, of whom only a few sure, from the products themselves. This could be acknowledged in the text. They all examination became a kind of stumble and pulled, pushed, and sustained, both at work compass traverse through overgrown and and at home. I am grateful to them, and on occasionally swampy terrain, like the their behalf and mine, I thank you. Everglades. Finally, pretty much worn out,

Printed in U.S.A.

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