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Geology of Saipan Mariana Islands

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Geology of Saipan Mariana Islands Geology of Saipan Mariana Islands Part 3. Paleontology GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PA?ER 28;0-E-J Geology of Saipan Mariana Islands Part 3. Paleontology GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 280-E-J Chapter E. Calcareous Algae By J. Harlan Johnson Chapter F. Discoaster and Some Related Microfossils By M. N. Bramlette Chapter G. Eocene Radiolaria By William R. Reidel Chapter H. Smaller Foraminifera By Ruth Todd Chapter I. Larger Foraminifera By W. Storrs Cole Chapter J. Echinoids By C. Wythe Cooke UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1957 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS OF PART 3 Page Chapter E. Calcareous Algae............................................ 209 Chapter F. Discoaster and Some Related Microfossils........................ 247 Chapter G. Eocene Radiolaria ........................................ 257 Chapter H. Smaller Foraminifera........................................ 265 Chapter I. Larger Foraminifera......................................... 321 Chapter J. Echinoids .................................................. 361 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 280 Geology of Saipan, Mariana Islands Part 1. General Geology A. General Geology By PRESTON E. CLOUD, Jr., ROBERT GEORGE SCHMIDT, and HAROLD W. BURKE Part 2. Petrology and Soils B. Petrology of the Volcanic Rocks By ROBERT GEORGE SCHMIDT C. Petrography of the Limestones By J. HARLAN JOHNSON D. Soils By RALPH J. McCRACKEN Part 3. Paleontology E. Calcareous Algae By J. HARLAN JOHNSON F. Discoaster and Some Related Microfossils By M. N. BRAMLETTE G. Eocene Radiolaria By WILLIAM RIEDEL H. Smaller Foraminifera By RUTH TODD I. Larger Foraminifera By W. STORKS COLE J. Echinoids By C. WYTHE COOKE Part 4. Submarine Topography and Shoal-Water Ecology K. Submarine Topography and Shoal-Water Ecology By PRESTON E. CLOUD, Jr. Professional Paper 280 is being published in the foregoing sequence of parts and chapters IV Calcareous Ateae By J. HARLAN JOHNSON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 280-E Twenty-four of the eighty-eight species-groups listed or described are new; a brief consideration is given to algae as rock builders and index fossils CONTENTS Page Abstract-_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 209 Introduction._________________________________________________________________________________________________ 209 Acknowledgment ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 209 Major groups of calcareous algae________________________________________________________________________________ 209 Structure, terminology, and systematic distinction_____________________________________________________________ 210 Geologic work of calcareous algae__________-_____________________________________________________________________ 210 Algae as indicators of age and environment-______________________________________________________________________ 211 Stratigraphic distribution of the Saipan algae____________________________________________________________________ 211 Localities.____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 213 Systematic descriptions.________________________________________________________________________________________ 216 Rhodophyta (red algae)____________________________________________________________________________________ 216 Family Corallinaceae (coralline algae)____________________________________________________________________ 216 Subfamily Melobesioideae (crustose corallines)- — _________-_____-___---_-_-__-__--___---------_----__ 216 Genus ArchaeoUthothamnium Rothpletz.__________________________________________________________ 216 Division 1—Simple crusts_________________________________________________________________ 217 Division 2—Crusts with warty protuberances or mammillae___________________________________ 219 Genus Lithothamnium Philippi_________________________________________________________________ 220 Division 1—Simple crusts_________________________________________________________________ 221 Division 2—Free crusts_________-_____________________--__-_-____--__-_-_-___-_-----_-_-__ 223 Division 3—Crusts with warty protuberances or mammillae-____________________________________ 224 Division 4—Strongly branching forms--____________________---______------_-__-___----_------ 226 Genus Mesophyllum Lemoine_______________________________-_-----___-__-----__---_----------_-- 226 Genus Lithophyllum Philippi_________________________________-_________-__--__--____---_-_-_--_- 227 Division 1—Simple crusts__________-_________________-__-___-____-_--_-_----_------_---__- 228 Division 2—Crusts free or nearly free.____________-________-_-_______-_--------_-_--__---_--_ 229 Division 3—Crusts with warty protuberances or mammillae___________________________________ 229 Division 4—Strongly branching forms-_______-___--_______-----__---------------------------- 230 Genus Goniolithon Foslie__________________._____-__-____-__--__-__-_-_---_---_-_---------_-_-- 231 Genus Porolithon Foslie___________________________________________________________________ 232 Genus Paraporolithon n. gen________________________________-----__---_---------------------_--- 233 Genus Lithoporella Foslie-____-_____-______________________----_-__-____-----------_------------ 233 Genus Melobesia Lamouroux_____-_____________-___--________---_-__-__-_-----------------_-_--- 234 Genus Dermatolithon Foslie______--_______________-_-_-____----_--__--------_------------------ 235 Subfamily Corallinoideae (articulate corallines)____________-_-___---------_---<------------------------- 235 Key to articulate coralline algae, by Preston E. Cloud, Jr______________________-___--_-___-_-_-_-_- 236 Genus Calliarthron Manza._______________________-_______-____-___-__-__--------_-------_------ 236 Genus Jania Lamouroux______________-____________________-_____-_-_---_----------_---------- 237 Genus Amphiroa Lamouroux.________________________________-_____-_----_---__-_-------------_- 237 Genus Arthrocardia Decaisne (emend. Areschoug)_-_----_--__-------------------------------------- 238 Genus Corallina Linnaeus__--_-_____-___-__________---___-_--_--_-_---_--_---------------------- 238 Chlorophyta (green algae)-_-____-____--_______________________-________________---_----_--_-_------------ 240 Family Dasycladaceae_______________-_____________________-______________-_---_-------__-------------- 240 Genus Cymopolia Lamouroux-_______________________________----_-____--------------_----------- 240 Family Codiaecae______________________________________________-___-_-____-__-_---_---_---_---------- 241 Genus Halimeda Lamouroux-_-_______________________________---___----_------_----------.------ 241 Genus Microcodium Gluck.___-____-_________________-____-_-_---____-_------------------------- 242 Selected bibliography___________________________________________________________________________________________ 242 Index. ___________________________________________________________________-_______________-__ 245 vn VIII CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 2 and 4 In pocket; plates 37-60 follow index] PLATE 2. Generalized geologic map and sections of Saipan, Mariana Islands. 4. Locality-finding map of Saipan. 37. Structure and definitions. 38. Upper Eocene Archaeolithothamnium and Lithothamnium. 39. Upper Eocene Archaeolithothamnium, Lithothamnium, and Jania. 40. Upper Eocene and lower Miocene Lithothamnium and upper Eocene Corallina. 41. Upper Eocene Lithothamnium. 42. Upper Eocene Lithothamnium. 43. Upper Eocene and lower Miocene Lithophyllum and upper Eocene Lithoporella and Melobesia. 44. Upper Eocene Mesophyllum and Corallina and lower Miocene Halimeda. 45. Upper Eocene Dasycladaceae. 46. Lower Miocene Archaeolithothamnium. 47. Lower Miocene Archaeolithothamnium and Lithothamnium. 48. Lower Miocene Lithothamnium. 49. Lower Miocene Lithothamnium, Lithophyllum, and Lithoporella. 50. Lower Miocene Corallina and Microcodium. 51. Lower Miocene Dasycladaceae. 52. Lower Miocene Calliarthron, Jania, Paraporolithon, and Mesophyllum. 53. Pleistocene Archaeolithothamnium and Lithothamnium. 54. Pleistocene Lithothamnium and Lithophyllum. 55. Pleistocene Lithophyllum, Porolithon, Amphiroa, and Halimeda.. 56. Pleistocene (roniolithon, Halimeda, Porolithon, and Lithoporella. 57. Recent Lithophyllum, upper Eocene and lower Miocene Dermatolithon 58. Recent Lithophyllum. 59. Recent Porolithon and Goniolithon. 60. Recent Amphiroa, Goniolithon, and Halimeda. TABLES Table 1. Genera of calcareous algae found in the Cenozoic deposits of Saipan_____________________-_-___-------------- 209 2. Stratigraphic distribution of fossil algae of Saipan.______________________-_---_-_-------------------------- 212 3. Field and permanent catalog numbers for fossil algae____________________________---__----___-_---_------_ 213 4. Localities of collections of living material__-____.___------------------------------------------------------ 216 5. Measurements and distribution of Saipan species of Archaeolithothamnium. _____________-_______------_____-__ 217 6. Measurements and distribution of Saipan species of Lithothamnium-.-.-.------------------------------------ 220 7. Measurements and distribution of Saipan species of Lithophyllum- _________--____--__-_---_____----------____ 227
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