Vol. 9, No. 8 August 1999 INSIDE • Mentor Opportunities, p. 3 • New CEO, p. 9 GSA TODAY • Fellows, Members, Student A Publication of the Geological Society of America Associates, p. 22 The Late Cretaceous Vertebrate Fauna of Madagascar: Implications for Gondwanan Paleobiogeography

David W. Krause, Department of Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, [email protected] Raymond R. Rogers, Department of Geology, Macalester Figure 1. Reconstruction of Rahonavis College, 1600 Grand Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105, ostromi, a primitive bird from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. [email protected] Only the bones shown in yellow Catherine A. Forster, Department of Anatomical Sciences, were found. Photo is of the State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, left hind foot skeleton in [email protected] dorsal view. Joseph H. Hartman, Energy and Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, [email protected] Gregory A. Buckley, Roosevelt University, Evelyn T. Stone University College, Chicago, IL 60605, [email protected] Scott D. Sampson, Utah Museum of Natural History and Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, [email protected]

ABSTRACT A rich, newly discovered assemblage of to the Late Cretaceous. The discovery of mam- exquisitely preserved vertebrate fossils from the Late mals, dinosaurs, and crocodiles in the latest Creta- Cretaceous of Madagascar provides an unparalleled ceous (Maastrichtian) of Madagascar that are closely opportunity to investigate the paleobiogeography of related to forms in India and South America reveals a Gondwanan landmasses. Most current plate tectonic cosmopolitanism at or near the close of the Cretaceous models depict widespread fragmentation of Gondwana prior that is paradoxical in the context of these models.

INTRODUCTION The southern supercontinent of Gondwana fragmented into isolated landmasses during the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous, with dramatic consequences for the associated terrestrial and fresh- water vertebrate faunas. Reconstructions of the timing and sequence of this fragmentation are based almost entirely on geo- physical evidence and remain poorly tested paleontologically, primarily due to a sparse fossil record. The Mahajanga Basin Pro- ject, initiated in 1993 and conducted jointly by the State Univer- sity of New York at Stony Brook and the University of Antana- narivo (Madagascar), has recovered a diverse assemblage of vertebrates, including the primitive bird Rahonavis ostromi (Fig. 1), from the Upper Cretaceous Maevarano Formation, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar (Fig. 2). This assemblage is one of the richest and best preserved yet known from the Mesozoic of Gondwana. It provides a new opportunity to elucidate distribu- tion patterns among Cretaceous vertebrates from Gondwana and, thereby, to test competing plate tectonic and biogeographic hypotheses.

MALAGASY VERTEBRATE FOSSIL RECORD The Malagasy record of terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates Figure 2. Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Mahajanga Basin. Inset: prior to the Late Cretaceous is sparse but improving, consisting of base map of Madagascar from Satellite Atlas of the World, 1998, National a diversity of primitive fishes, amphibians (including the frog-like Geographic Society, Washington, D.C., 222 p. Madagascar continued on p. 2 IN THIS ISSUE GSA TODAY August Vol. 9, No. 8 1999 The Late Cretaceous Vertebrate Fauna Rock Stars— Preston Cloud ...... 16 of Madagascar: Implications for Letters ...... 18 GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published monthly Gondwanan Paleobiogeography ...... 1 by The Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing address: P.O. Box In Memoriam ...... 2 Birdsall-Dreiss Distinguished 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, U.S.A. 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Also available on an annual CD-ROM, (together with GSA Bulletin, Geology, GSA Data Repository, and an Electronic Retrospective Index to Madagascar continued from p. 1 a result, the biogeographic origins of the journal articles from 1972); $89 to GSA Members, others call GSA Subscription Services for prices and details. Claims: highly endemic and imbalanced extant For nonreceipt or for damaged copies, members contact Triadobatrachus), and reptiles, as well as fauna, perhaps best represented by lemurs, Membership Services; all others contact Subscription Ser- spotty occurrences of dinosaurs, therap- remains shrouded in mystery. The late vices. Claims are honored for one year; please allow suffi- cient delivery time for overseas copies, up to six months. sids, and crocodiles (Fig. 3; Flynn et al., Pleistocene and Holocene record only 1998; Krause, 1999). Depéret (1896) was increases the level of endemism, as it STAFF: Prepared from contributions from the GSA staff and membership. the first to record Late Cretaceous verte- includes several giant lemurs, pygmy Executive Director: Sara S. Foland brates from the island. He described iso- hippopotami, the aardvark-like Plesioryc- Science Editors: Suzanne M. Kay, Department of lated turtle remains and, on the basis of teropus, and several other taxa unique to Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Molly F. Miller, Department of Geology, Box 117-B, Vanderbilt fragmentary bones and teeth, named two the island. University, Nashville, TN 37235 dinosaur species from the Maevarano For- Forum Editor: Bruce F. Molnia, U.S. Geological Survey, mation—the meat-eating theropod Mega- MAHAJANGA BASIN PROJECT MS 917, National Center, Reston, VA 22092 losaurus crenatissimus and the plant-eating Director of Publications: Peggy S. Lehr The Mahajanga Basin Project has Managing Editor: Faith Rogers sauropod Titanosaurus madagascariensis. focused on the same small set of Mae- Assistant Editor: Vanessa Carney Intermittent collecting over the course of Production Manager: Jon Olsen varano Formation badlands around the nearly a century in the same field area by Production Editor and Coordinator: Gaynor Bloom village of Berivotra that served as the set- Graphics Production: Gaynor BLoom expeditions from France, Madagascar, and ting for prior paleontological field efforts. Japan yielded additional fragmentary spec- ADVERTISING: Classifieds and display: contact Ann The primary objectives of our four expedi- Crawford, (303) 447-2020; fax 303-447-1133; acrawford@ imens of turtles and dinosaurs, as well as tions (1993, 1995, 1996, 1998) have been geosociety.org. isolated elements of a fish, a snake, two to discover terrestrial and freshwater verte- Issues of this publication are available as electronic Acrobat crocodiles, and a purported lizard (see files for free download from GSA’s Web Site, http://www. brate fossils and to place them in a sound summary in Krause et al., 1997a). geosociety.org. They can be viewed and printed on various phylogenetic, stratigraphic, paleoenviron- personal computer operating systems: MSDOS, MSWin- There are no undisputed records of mental, taphonomic, and paleobiogeo- dows, Macintosh, and Unix, using the appropriate Acrobat Cenozoic terrestrial and freshwater verte- reader. Readers are available, free, from Adobe Corporation: graphic context. http://www.adobe.com/acrobat/readstep.html. brates from Madagascar prior to the late Pleistocene, primarily owing to the over- This publication is included on GSA’s annual Maevarano Formation CD-ROM, GSA Journals on Compact Disc. whelming predominance of marine rocks Call GSA Publication Sales for details. 50% Total The Maevarano Formation is well Recoverd Fiber during the era (Krause et al., 1997a). As Printed in U.S.A. using pure soy inks. 10% Postconsumer exposed in the Berivotra region, where

2 GSA TODAY, August 1999 Institute for Earth Science & J. John Sepkoski ENVIRONMENT MATTERS the Environment 1948–1999

Paleontologist J. John (Jack) Make a Difference— Sepkoski Jr., University of Chicago, Become a Mentor died May 1, 1999, of heart failure. He was 50. Did you receive career advice or guid- The Mann Mentor Program is an Sepkoski’s research and activity ance as an undergraduate student? Did opportunity for a mentor team (a junior in paleontology played a major role you benefit from the opportunity to learn and senior mentor) to spend 4–8 hours at in reshaping the discipline during the about different careers in the geosciences? two or three universities in your area. The past 25 years. His major contribu- Undergraduate and graduate students are team will candidly discuss what it is like to tions included documenting and hungry for career mentoring in the be a hydrogeologist—how to get a job, analyzing large-scale patterns of applied geosciences. Many have not had challenges in the field, case histories, and origination and extinction, major the opportunity to learn about what lies billable hours. The team will also be pre- changes in the diversity of life over beyond graduation outside of academia. sent to meet with students individually to time, and the environmental and Your wisdom is priceless to students! offer invaluable career advice. IEE is cur- ecological context of biotic diversifi- Please consider sharing your experience rently seeking two mentor teams for the cation. He had taught at the Univer- and advice with students as they prepare spring of 2000. sity of Chicago since 1978. He was a to venture into the real world. At recent workshops, students openly member of the Geological Society of The Institute for Earth Science and expressed their gratitude to mentors for America. the Environment is currently seeking spending time and energy to share career Sepkoski served as president of mentors for the Roy J. Shlemon Mentor information. One young woman was so the Paleontological Society, co-editor Program in Applied Geology and the impressed by what she gained that she and associate editor of Paleobiology, John F. Mann Mentor Program in Applied talked about how she might be a mentor and associate editor of Acta Palaeonto- Hydrogeology. The Shlemon Mentor Pro- to younger undergraduate women. Please logica Polonica. He founded the Pale- gram presents an opportunity for a panel consider this not only an opportunity to ontological Society International of applied geoscientists to engage students discuss your job highlights and challenges, Research Program (PalSIRP), to assist in a discussion of careers in the applied but also an opportunity to truly be a valu- paleontologists in Eastern Europe and geosciences. We are seeking mentors from able role model and mentor in the bud- in the former Soviet Union. Dona- all disciplines in the applied geosciences to ding career of a future geoscientist. For tions in his honor may be made to spend 4–6 hours with students during the more information, please contact Stacey PalSIRP, c/o Thomas W. Kammer, GSA Section meeting of your availability. Ginsburg at 303-447-2020, ext. 194 or Treasurer, Paleontological Society, Mentors are needed for GSA Section meet- [email protected]. Dept. of Geology and Geography, ings in the spring of 2000. West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6300, Morgantown, WV 26506-6300.

~100 m of the unit is accessible in surface rock units, oversimplified the geological extant, from the island (Krause et al., exposures (Fig. 2). The formation is history of the Mahajanga Basin and hin- 1994; Forster et al., 1996; Asher and entirely nonmarine and consists of strata dered accurate comparisons between Krause, 1998; Gottfried and Krause, 1998; that accumulated on a semiarid, low-relief Madagascar’s record of Late Cretaceous Gottfried et al., 1998). Despite varied col- alluvial plain that was bounded to the vertebrates and those from other Gond- lecting methods and intensive effort, the southeast by crystalline highlands and to wanan localities. Our work reveals instead purported presence of lizards (Russell et the northwest by the Mozambique Chan- that the Maastrichtian marine transgres- al., 1976) has not been confirmed and is nel. The predominant lithology is coarse- sion that led to deposition of the Berivotra suspect. grained, poorly sorted sandstone, which Formation was demonstrably diachronous, Fishes, frogs, turtles, and snakes are ranges from pervasively cross-stratified to and that the Maevarano Formation accu- now represented in some considerable massive. Massive beds tend to show con- mulated, at least in part, during this same diversity in the Maevarano assemblage, spicuous evidence of pedogenesis, includ- transgressive event (Rogers and Hartman, but their diversity pales in comparison to ing well-preserved root traces and caliche. 1998). Vertebrate-bearing facies of the that of crocodiles, which are represented A distinctive 15–20-m–thick interval of upper Maevarano Formation are accord- by as many as seven different species. The extremely fossiliferous sandstone facies ingly reinterpreted as Maastrichtian, and crocodiles range in size from the small and caps the formation in the vicinity of perhaps late Maastrichtian. gracile Araripesuchus to the large and pon- Berivotra. Virtually all of the vertebrate derous Mahajangasuchus (Fig. 4; Buckley fossils known from the Maevarano Forma- Vertebrate Assemblage and Brochu, 1999). The 1998 field cam- tion have been recovered from these upper We have now established the pres- paign resulted in the discovery of a bizarre beds, which accumulated in a shallow ence of at least 32 species of terrestrial and new pug-nosed form with mitten-shaped channel-belt system. freshwater vertebrates in the Maevarano teeth. The nonmarine Maevarano Forma- Formation, thus quadrupling the previ- Two species of sauropod dinosaurs tion and the marine Berivotra Formation ously known species diversity from the have been discovered, both of which were previously considered to be stacked Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. These belong to the enigmatic Titanosauridae. in layer-cake fashion, the Campanian- efforts have provided the first pre–late Each is represented by skeletal material Maastrichtian boundary being at their Pleistocene records of Malagasy frogs, that is among the most complete known contact (e.g., Besairie, 1972). This interpre- birds, and mammals, and the first records tation, and similar interpretations of lower of several groups of vertebrates, fossil or Madagascar continued on p. 4

GSA TODAY, August 1999 3 Cretaceous (130–125 Ma). Madagascar remained in contact with the Indian subcontinent (through the intervening Seychelles island group) until approxi- mately 88 Ma, at which time the Indian subcontinent and Seychelles block sepa- rated from Madagascar and began moving rapidly northeastward toward Eurasia (Storey et al., 1995; Plummer, 1996). The timing of separation between the Indian subcontinent and Antarctica- Australia, and thus intervening physical connections between Madagascar and South America, is more controversial (Fig. 6). Traditional geophysical interpre- tations posit a plate reorganization event at about 135–120 Ma that resulted in ces- sation of movement between Africa and Madagascar-India-Antarctica-Australia and the initiation of separation between India- Madagascar and Antarctica-Australia. Roeser et al. (1996, p. 262), for instance, found evidence for a seaway “along most if not all of the coast of East Antarctica” shortly after chron M0 (124 Ma). Lawver et al. (1992, p. 18) stated that by 110 Ma, “Madagascar, India, and the southern Kerguelen Plateau had cleared Antarctica, and a wide, open seaway existed along that part of the present-day East Antarctic margin.” Hay et al. (1999), however, have Figure 3. Temporal distribution of the terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates of Madagascar. Late Cretaceous occurrences are from the Maevarano Formation (upper red rectangles) and the hypothesized a much longer-lived connec- Ankazomihaboka beds (lower red rectangles). tion between the Indian subcontinent and Antarctica-Australia across the Kerguelen Plateau, perhaps as late as 80 Ma. The Madagascar continued from p. 3 tuberculate, and a new species of suda- discrepancy in interpretation has crucial mericid gondwanathere (Krause et al., implications concerning the biogeo- for titanosaurids. Perhaps the most spec- 1994, 1997b; Krause and Grine, 1996). graphic history of Late Cretaceous ter- tacular fossil discovery of the Mahajanga restrial and freshwater Gondwanan ver- Basin Project to date is an exquisitely pre- MADAGASCAR PLATE TECTONICS tebrates (Krause et al., 1997a, 1997b; served and virtually complete skull of the AND BIOGEOGRAPHY Sampson et al., 1998). mid-sized theropod dinosaur Majungatho- lus atopus, the name now assigned to Plate Tectonic Models Biogeographic Scenarios Depéret’s Megalosaurus crenatissimus (Fig. There is now general consensus that, Madagascar is of unusually high pale- 5; Sampson et al., 1998). The skull is com- prior to rifting, Madagascar lay adjacent to obiogeographic interest and intrigue plemented by a second specimen consist- present-day Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania because: (1) it occupies a somewhat cen- ing of a nearly complete axial skeleton of a (see Coffin and Rabinowitz, 1992; Storey, tral geographic position within Gondwana juvenile individual. At least one other 1995). Sea-floor spreading between the and was among the first, and last, land- smaller and as yet unidentified theropod is conjugate rifted margins of east Africa and masses to be involved in fragmentation of present in the Maevarano Formation. No northern Madagascar began in the Late the supercontinent; (2) it has been isolated ornithischian dinosaurs are represented in Jurassic. Madagascar moved south-south- from all other Gondwanan landmasses for the fauna. eastward along the transform fault known more than 85 m.y.; (3) it has a highly Birds are represented by at least five as the Davie Fracture Zone until endemic and imbalanced modern biota; taxa (Forster et al., 1996, 1998). The most reaching its current significant specimen is a partial skeleton position some 400 of Rahonavis ostromi (Fig. 1), a close rela- km off the east tive of the Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx. coast of Mozam- Rahonavis provides strong confirmatory bique in the evidence for the dinosaurian origin of Early birds in that its hind foot bore a robust, hyperextendable killing claw on the sec- ond digit, just as in its theropod predeces- sors. Multiple, independent analyses of fibrous material adhering to the claw of the second digit has revealed that it is ker- atin from the claw sheath (Schweitzer et al., 1999). This represents by far the oldest documented record of keratin. Mammals are represented by four Figure 4. Postcranial skeleton and lower jaws of the broad-mouthed metasuchian crocodile species: two possible therians, a multi- Mahajangasuchus insignis in dorsal view.

4 GSA TODAY, August 1999 Figure 5. Skull and lower jaws of the abelisaurid theropod dinosaur and (4) its fossil record of terrestrial and agreement. While Dietz Majungatholus freshwater vertebrates is spotty at best and Holden (1970) atopus in left lateral (Fig. 3). maintained that the view. Late Cretaceous vertebrate fossils Indian subcontinent from Madagascar historically have been was an isolated land- most frequently compared to those from mass in the Indian the Indian subcontinent, Africa, and Ocean for the South America. The sauropod Titanosaurus entire Jurassic madagascariensis, for instance, was trans- and Cretaceous, ferred to the South American genus Smith and Hal- Laplatasaurus and also identified in the lam (1970, p. Late Cretaceous of India. The theropod 960), on the Majungasaurus crenatissimus (now Majun- basis of fossil gatholus atopus) was identified in the Late marine inverte- Cretaceous of both Egypt and India, and brates, envi- a fragmentary dentary from the Early sioned a terrestrial Cretaceous (Albian?) of Morocco was connection identified as that of cf. Majungasaurus sp. between Africa, Similar patterns have been noted for non- Madagascar, and dinosaurian vertebrates (e.g., crocodiles, the Indian subcon- snakes) as well. tinent until “at least Many of these identifications, based the close of the Creta- 10 cm on fragmentary, isolated specimens, are ceous.” Similarly, Colbert (1973, 1984), suspect, and were made before the para- Sues (1980), Taquet (1982), Briggs (1989), digm of plate tectonics held sway. The Russell (1993), and others postulated land many workers have speculated that the reigning stabilist paradigm prompted bridges that allowed dispersal of Creta- ancestral stocks were present on the island workers in the late 19th and early 20th ceous dinosaurs from Madagascar and/or since the Paleogene, the Late Cretaceous, centuries to invoke ephemeral land India to South America through Africa, or even earlier, prior to its rifting from bridges between South America and Africa, rather than through Antarctica as pro- Africa (see review in Krause et al., 1997a). Africa and Madagascar, and Madagascar posed by Huene and Matley (1933). In Although it appears that certain taxa (e.g., and the Indian subcontinent to explain support of this assessment, Le Loeuff some birds, bats, and frogs) may be of these distributions (e.g., Blanford, 1890). (1991) performed a biogeographic analysis Indian-Malaysian origin, the consensus Alternatively, Huene and Matley (1933), of Late Cretaceous Gondwanan verte- is that most taxa arrived by random dis- who viewed Laplatasaurus madagascariensis brates, which showed closer affinity of the persal (rafting, swimming, and/or island as showing affinities between India and then poorly known Maevarano Formation hopping) across the 400 km span of the South America, speculated upon a polar vertebrate assemblage (Fig. 2) to that of Mozambique Channel from Africa. McCall route including Antarctica. Africa than to that of any other landmass. (1997, p. 664) recently suggested that Even later, under a mobilist paradigm, With regard to the biogeographic “large areas of the Mozambique Channel land bridge scenarios were used to explain origins of the extant terrestrial and fresh- such distributions, but not without dis- water vertebrate fauna of Madagascar, Madagascar continued on p. 6

Figure 6. Paleogeographic reconstructions of major Gondwanan landmasses at 120, 100, and 80 Ma modified from authors shown. Land areas in green, except Madagascar, which is indicated in red.

GSA TODAY, August 1999 5 Madagascar continued from p. 5 firmed, are otherwise known with cer- other Gondwanan landmasses, including tainty only from the Late Cretaceous Madagascar (Fig. 3), remain as well. (Senonian) of South America (Price, 1955; The Mahajanga Basin Project will were dry land” during the Paleogene as a Gasparini et al., 1991). continue to exploit the fossil riches of the result of uplift along the Davie Ridge and The presence of closely related terres- Maevarano Formation and to test biogeo- that these large areas served as a land trial and freshwater animals in Madagas- graphic hypotheses on the basis of new bridge for mammalian colonization of car, the Indian subcontinent, and South finds. The number of new taxa discovered Madagascar from Africa. Rage (1996) envi- America near the end of the Cretaceous is in our most recent field season demon- sioned a Late Cretaceous land bridge to seemingly incompatible with paleogeo- strates that many more await discovery. the east, extending from Madagascar to graphic reconstructions (e.g., Smith et al., Our efforts will also extend explorations the Seychelles to the Indian subcontinent 1994; Scotese, 1998) in which India-Mada- into other horizons in the basin, most to Laurasia, to explain the modern-day gascar is viewed as having been isolated notably the underlying Ankazomihaboka presence of iguanid lizards, boine snakes, from all other Gondwanan landmasses by beds (Fig. 2), which have already demon- and perhaps even lemurs on the island. 120 Ma (Fig. 6). Rather, this distribution strated their potential through reconnais- accords with the reconstruction by Hay et sance forays in 1996 (Curry, 1997) and Biogeographic Significance of the al. (1999), which posits a subaerial link 1998. The Ankazomihaboka beds overlie Maevarano Formation Vertebrate between India-Madagascar and Antarctica Coniacian basalts, which have been dated Assemblage across the Kerguelen Plateau that persisted to 87.6 ± 0.6 Ma and purportedly signal The exquisite and relatively complete well into the Late Cretaceous (Fig. 6). the time of separation between Madagas- preservation of skeletal material of Late The Maevarano Formation assem- car and the Indian subcontinent (Storey et Cretaceous vertebrates from the Maeva- blage also yields substantial, though nega- al., 1995). rano Formation allows the opportunity to tive, evidence with regard to the biogeo- Finally, the results of the Mahajanga make much better phylogenetic determi- graphic origins of the highly endemic and Basin Project provide focus for future geo- nations of many taxa that were previously imbalanced modern fauna. We have found physical research. In particular, the paleo- represented only by fragmentary, isolated no evidence in the Maevarano Formation biogeographic hypotheses outlined in this specimens. This, plus the discovery of sev- to support the hypothesis that the basal report underscore the need for more eral new taxa, has obvious and important stocks of extant Malagasy vertebrate taxa research in the southern Indian Ocean, consequences for testing paleobiogeo- were present on the island in the Late Cre- with attention being directed toward graphic hypotheses. Two taxa from the taceous (Krause et al., 1997a, 1998). None resolving the time of separation between Maevarano Formation in particular, gond- of the fish, frog, turtle, snake, crocodilian, India-Madagascar and Antarctica and the wanatherian mammals and abelisaurid bird, or mammal taxa now known from role that the Kerguelen Plateau may have theropods (and possibly a third, peiro- the Maevarano Formation appears closely played in connecting those two land- saurid crocodiles), reveal an interesting related to the higher taxa of vertebrates on masses in the Late Cretaceous. Paleontolo- biogeographic pattern. the island today. The basal stocks of the gists and geophysicists have much to gain Sudamericid gondwanatheres are a modern taxa must have arrived sometime by working synergistically to provide highly distinctive but phylogenetically in the Cenozoic, presumably by crossing a reciprocal illumination on the sequence enigmatic group of mammals first known significant marine barrier, a possibility and timing of Gondwanan fragmentation. from the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene of made even more feasible by the recent Argentina (Krause and Bonaparte, 1993). observation of Caribbean iguanas travers- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Their recent discovery in both the Mae- ing a distance roughly equivalent to the varano Formation of Madagascar and the We thank L. Jacobs and L. Lawver for minimum width of the Mozambique Deccan volcanic-sedimentary sequence of their careful reviews of the manuscript, all Channel on floating logs (Censky et al., India revealed a previously unknown expedition members for their efforts in the 1998). McCall’s (1997) contention that degree of cosmopolitanism among Gond- field, Luci Betti-Nash for help with the fig- there is geological evidence for a Cenozoic wanan mammals at the end of the Creta- ures, and A. Wyss and J. Flynn for proof- land bridge between Africa and Madagas- ceous (Krause et al., 1997b). A similar ing pre-Cretaceous records in Figure 3. car along the Davie Ridge is unfounded geographic distribution was recently Field work for the Mahajanga Basin Pro- (see Krause et al., 1997a). Although demonstrated among theropod dinosaurs ject could not have been conducted with- seamounts that may have been emergent with the discovery of the skull of the out the logistical assistance of B. Rakoto- do exist, they would have been but small abelisaurid Majungatholus atopus (Sampson samimanana (University of Antananarivo); dots of land in a vast seaway some 400 to et al., 1998). The skull provides strong evi- P. Wright, B. Andriamihaja, and staff 1000 km wide. dence that Majungatholus is closely related (Institute for the Conservation of Tropical to taxa in both Argentina (Carnotaurus) Environments); and the ever-helpful vil- PROSPECTUS and India (Indosuchus). Interestingly, prior lagers of Berivotra. Supported by grants to discovery of the skull, M. atopus was A densely sampled fossil record from the National Science Foundation and only known from an isolated skull frag- coupled with well-supported phylogenetic The Dinosaur Society. ment that had been referred to the Pachy- hypotheses and sound paleogeographic cephalosauridae (Sues and Taquet, 1979; models are the fundamental building REFERENCES CITED Sues, 1980), a group of ornithischian blocks of paleobiogeographic analysis. Asher, R. A., and Krause, D. W., 1998, The first pre- dinosaurs known as “bone-heads” previ- Although the record of terrestrial and Holocene (Cretaceous) record of Anura from Mada- ously reported only from Laurasia. The freshwater vertebrates from the Mesozoic gascar: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 18, p. 696–699. new, complete skull demonstrates that the of Gondwana has improved dramatically Besairie, H., 1972, Géologie de Madagascar. I. Les ter- fragment of M. atopus is that of a theropod in the last two decades, it is still sparse. rains sédimentaires: Annales Géologique de Madagas- and not a pachycephalosaurid. The bio- One of the key stumbling blocks for test- car, v. 35, p. 1–463. geographic enigma of pachycephalo- ing the paleobiogeographic hypotheses Blanford, W. T., 1890, The permanence of ocean basins: saurids in the Late Cretaceous of southern outlined here is the virtual lack of terres- Geological Society of London Proceedings, 1889–1890, Gondwana is thus resolved (Sampson et trial and freshwater vertebrates from the p. 59–109. al., 1998). Finally, peirosaurid crocodiles, post-Cenomanian Late Cretaceous of Briggs, J. 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6 GSA TODAY, August 1999 Information Technology at GSA Buckley, G. A., and Brochu, C. A., 1999, An enigmatic new crocodile from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagas- Todd Berggren, GSA Information Technology Manager car, in Unwin, D., ed., Cretaceous fossil vertebrates: Palaeontological Association Special Papers in Palaeon- tology no. 60, p. 149–175. Censky, E. J., Hodge, K., and Dudley, J., 1998, Over- Together at Last! water dispersal of lizards due to hurricanes: Nature, v. 395, p. 556. To meet the needs of our members With this core database system, we Coffin, M. F., and Rabinowitz, P. D., 1992, The Meso- and handle that pesky Y2K problem, now have a central area for: zoic East African and Madagascan conjugate margins, in GSA headquarters has made several Watkins, J. 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A., 1997, Vertebrate fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Ankazomihaboka Sandstones, Mahajanga had more than 20 unique databases postal automation software residing on several different com- Basin, Madagascar: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, and much more. v. 17, p. 40A. puting platforms and using different Depéret, C., 1896, Note sur les Dinosauriens Sauropodes system software. Over a short Using iMIS, GSA will streamline et Théropodes du Crétacé supérieur de Madagascar: period of time, and with the help of many of its business practices to the Société Géologique de France Bulletin, v. 21, p. 176–194. other staff at headquarters, we com- benefit of our membership as we Dietz, R. S., and Holden, J. C., 1970, The breakup of bined all these databases into iMIS. launch into the 21st century. Pangaea: Scientific American, v. 223, p. 30–41. Flynn, J., Parrish, J. 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Implications for the Cretaceous biogeography of Gond- Krause, D. W., 1998, The theropod ancestry of birds: wana: Science, v. 280, p. 1048–1051. Krause, D. W., Asher, R. J., Buckley, G. A., Gottfried, M. New evidence from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar: D., and LaDuke, T. C., 1998, Biogeographic origins of Schweitzer, M. H., Watt, J. A., Avci, R., Forster, C. A., Science, v. 279, p. 1915–1919. the non-dinosaurian vertebrate fauna of Madagascar: Krause, D. W., Knapp, L., Rogers, R. R., Beech, I., and Gasparini, Z., Chiappe, L. M., and Fernandez, M., 1991, New evidence from the Late Cretaceous: Journal of Ver- Marshall, M., 1999, Keratin-specific immunoreactivity A new Senonian peirosaurid (Crocodylomorpha) from tebrate Paleontology, v. 18, p. 57A. in claw sheath material from a Late Cretaceous bird Argentina and a synopsis of the South American Creta- from Madagascar: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Lawver, L. A., Gahagan, L. M., and Coffin, M. F., 1992, ceous crocodilians: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, (in press). The development of paleoseaways around Antarctica, in v. 11, p. 316–333. Kennett, J. P., and Warnke, D. A., eds., The Antarctic Scotese, C. R., 1998, Continental drift (0–750 million Gottfried, M. D., and Krause, D. W., 1998, First record paleoenvironment: A perspective on global change: years), a quicktime computer animation: Arlington, of gars (Lepisosteidae, Actinopterygii) on Madagascar: American Geophysical Union Antarctic Research Series University of Texas at Arlington, PALEOMAP Project. Late Cretaceous remains from the Mahajanga Basin: 56, p. 7–30. Smith, A. G., and Hallam, A., 1970, The fit of the south- Jounal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 18, p. 275–279. Le Loeuff, J., 1991, The Campano-Maastrichtian verte- ern continents: Nature, v. 225, p. 139–144. Gottfried, M. D., Randriamiarimanana, L. L., Rabarison, brate faunas from southern Europe and their relation- Smith, A. G., Smith, D. G., and Funnell, B. M., 1994, J. A., and Krause, D. W., 1998, Late Cretaceous fish ships with other faunas in the world; palaeobiogeo- Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic coastlines: Cambridge, from Madagascar: Implications for Gondwanan bio- graphic implications: Cretaceous Research, v. 12, p. UK, Cambridge University Press, 99 p. geography: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 27, 93–114. p. 91–92. Storey, B. C., 1995, The role of mantle plumes in conti- McCall, R. A., 1997, Implications of recent geological nental breakup; case histories from Gondwanaland: Hay, W. W., DeConto, R. M., Wold, C. N., Willson, K. investigations of the Mozambique Channel for the Nature, v. 377, p. 301–308. M., Voigt, S., Schulz, M., Wold-Rossby, A., Dullo, W.-C., mammalian colonization of Madagascar: Royal Society Ronov, A. B., Balukhovsky, A. N., and Soeding, E., 1999, of London Proceedings B, v. 264, p. 663–665. Storey, M., Mahoney, J. J., Saunders, A. D., Duncan, R. 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C., et al., eds., Weddell Sea tec- v. 90, p. 9379–9383. géologiques et paléontologiques, in Buffetaut, E., et al., tonics and Gondwana break-up: Geological Society of eds., Phylogénie et paléobiogéographie: livre jubilaire Krause, D. W., and Grine, F. E., 1996, The first multitu- London Special Publication No. 108, p. 243–264. en l’honneur de R. Hoffstetter: Geobios, Mémoire Spé- berculates from Madagascar: Implications for Creta- Rogers, R. R., and Hartman, J. H., 1998, Revised age of cial 6, p. 385–391. ceous biogeography: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontol- the dinosaur-bearing Maevarano Formation (Upper Cre- ogy, v. 16, p. 46A. Manuscript received February 4, 1999; accepted June 7, taceous), Mahajanga Basin, Madagascar: Journal of 1999. Krause, D. W., Hartman, J. H., Wells, N. A., Buckley, African Earth Sciences, v. 27, p. 160–162. G. A., Lockwood, C. A., Wall, C. E., Wunderlich, R. E., Russell, D., Russell, D., Taquet, P., and Thomas, H., Rabarison, J. A., and Randriamiaramanana, L. L., 1994, 1976, Nouvelles récoltes de vertébrés dans les terrains Late Cretaceous mammals: Nature, v. 368, p. 298. continentaux du Crétacé supérieur de la région de Krause, D. W., Hartman, J. H., and Wells, N. A., 1997a, Majunga (Madagascar): Société Géologique de France, Late Cretaceous vertebrates from Madagascar: Implica- Comptes Rendus Sommaires, v. 5, p. 204–207. tions for biotic change in deep time, in Goodman, S. D.,

GSA TODAY, August 1999 7 SAGE REMARKS component of the program brings to the classroom expertise and perspectives differ- ent from those at the host campus. Sharing Earth System Science: of materials is accomplished via the ESSE Web site (http://www.usra.edu/esse/esson- An Interdisciplinary Approach line). An electronic list server focusing on the interests of the broader Earth system science Donald R. Johnson, Martin Ruzek, Mike Kalb, Universities Space Research and global change education community has also been established as a forum for discus- sion of relevant topics and questions for the Earth System Science ESSE Program participants. Hands-on workshops and tuto- Earth system science views Earth as a As Earth system science emerged as a rials are held each year for faculty and teach- synergistic physical system of interrelated framework for addressing the scientific ing assistants to exchange and develop con- phenomena, governed by complex processes dimensions of global change, NASA, the Uni- tent and familiarize participants with new involving the geosphere, atmosphere, hydro- versities Space Research Association (USRA), software tools and methods for the class- sphere, and biosphere. Fundamental to the and university scientists concluded that room. An overarching objective of ESSE is to Earth system science approach is the need to mechanisms were urgently needed to stimu- develop interdisciplinary courses and topical emphasize relevant interactions of chemical, late collaboration among scientists and modules for the classroom through collabo- physical, biological, and dynamical processes departments within universities, among uni- ration among universities and other partners. that extend over spatial scales from micro- versities, and between university and govern- meters to the size of planetary orbits, and ment science centers. As a result of those dis- Learning Modules over time scales of milliseconds to billions of cussions, USRA formulated the Cooperative ESSE participants have identified a series years. In building on the traditional disci- University-based Earth System Science Educa- of 14 interdisciplinary topics as the basis for plines to study Earth, the system approach tion (ESSE) concept that created a university- the creation of “learning modules” (see the has become widely accepted as a framework based cooperative effort in earth science cur- ESSE Web site). Topics were purposely selected from which to pose disciplinary and interdis- riculum development and interdisciplinary to cross disciplinary boundaries and offer an ciplinary questions in relationship to course offerings. The framework was integrated perspective of Earth system sci- humankind. Earth system science forms the designed to overcome traditional barriers and ence. A module subtopic, or submodule, is foundation of NASA’s Earth science vision as foster interdisciplinary science education. populated with resources or instructional well as the basis of the NSF geoscience long- Twenty-two U.S. universities were materials designed to impart specific concepts range planning effort as part of the nation’s selected in 1991 to participate in the original or skills. Each topical module is a collection global-change research objectives. ESSE program. In 1995, the program was of individual submodules that can stand Within the concept of Earth as a com- extended to bring an additional 22 colleges alone for use in the classroom or laboratory plex and dynamic entity involving the disci- and universities into it through the year for explaining key concepts, or be used along plinary spheres for land, air, water, and life, 2000. This second phase extends the empha- with other submodules to support a larger no process or phenomenon occurs in com- sis of the program across the broader inter- effort. plete isolation from other elements of the ests of global change by including disci- system. While this system view is elegant and plinary interests from the intersection of SAGE Remarks continued on p. 9 satisfying philosophically, the challenge to human dimen- researchers and educators attempting to sions with the quantify the breadth of the system’s ele- climate system. ments, states, and processes within the class- Thousands of room is enormous. No individual, academic students are en- department, or university is capable of devel- rolled in ESSE oping and offering the enormous depth and courses each year, breadth of knowledge such a paradigm and more than demands. Only by joining faculty from dif- 100 faculty and ferent disciplines within and among univer- teaching assistants sities can the diversity and complexity of are directly in- Earth system science be fully appreciated. volved. The challenge for educators to develop ESSE empha- and offer courses in the classroom that pro- sizes classroom vide this deeper understanding is demand- education collabo- ing. Earth system science seeks to construct ration, a network an overarching interdisciplinary framework of faculty and stu- of process and state of the system, and at the dents focused on same time retain the strength of traditional the scientific and disciplines for understanding fundamentals human dimen- and complex interactions. Colleges and uni- sions of global versities have been attracted by this holistic change, and a approach to studying Earth and adopt Earth shared repository system science as a theme. In developing and of teaching re- offering introductory and advanced courses sources. ESSE par- that are relevant to the broader interests of ticipants design faculty and students, the challenge is to pro- and offer survey vide the necessary depth and breadth needed and senior level to serve as a foundation for advanced study courses on Earth among majors, and lay the foundations for system science sustainability and informed stewardship in topics. A scientist- striving for an Earth-aware society. faculty exchange

8 GSA TODAY, August 1999 New CEO Sara Foland Focuses on GSA Budget, Partnerships, Globalization

Sara Foland, who officially began more about GSA members in order to offer to work as GSA’s new chief executive officer them the services (such as meetings) and prod- on July 6, 1999, has ideas for redirecting ucts (publications, for example) they want. the Society and is wasting no time in GSA’s new centralized database, in the iMIS implementing them. Her reorganization system, and regularly scheduled membership of the headquarters staff in Boulder, surveys will speed up this information gather- Colorado, is aimed at providing better ing greatly, she said. “We also need to look at service to GSA members and encourag- what we do at headquarters, to be the most ing partnerships with other geological efficient we can with time and money.” associations. GOALS Foland’s focus for GSA flows natu- Foland says she wants to be able to rally from her educational and work “leverage our financial strength and core com- experience: she earned Bachelor of Sci- petencies, especially in publications and meet- ence degrees in geology and chemistry— ings, so that GSA becomes THE geological soci- as well as an Executive Master’s in busi- ety, an organization that all geoscientists want ness administration—from Indiana Uni- to be members of and that funders of geo- versity and a Master’s in geology from science initiatives want to contribute to.” the University of Montana. She is now Her own performance objectives working on a Ph.D. through the Uni- include balancing the Society budget, design- versity of California, Santa Cruz; her ing and beginning an annual planning process dissertation concerns tectonics of the tied to the GSA Strategic Plan and its mission northern end of the San Andreas fault and vision, working with members and staff system. She worked for Amoco in geo- to define GSA’s image and values, promoting technical and leadership positions, and communication between headquarters staff during her 16 years there she was also and GSA members, and taking GSA global, so involved with universities and secondary that it develops an international presence. and primary science education programs. Most recently she was CEO and president IMPRESSIONS of Farallon Energy Group Ltd. (in Denver), Foland praises GSA governance (Council, a new-venture, independent oil and gas Executive Committee) and staff for their “enthusi- company. asm, recognizing the need for change in this quickly changing world, and willingness to hire someone who CHALLENGES would try new things.” Members of the search committee As an applied geologist, Foland is accustomed to say they were impressed with Foland’s fiscal acumen, experience meeting budgets, and that will be an immediate and ongoing in applied geoscience, and ongoing activity as a practicing geologist. effort for her at GSA headquarters. “I want to be an effective liaison with the GSA Council and fiscal groups, and to develop, with those ENERGY FACTOR groups, the means to make changes that will benefit GSA members,” Foland, a Denver resident, is a member of the American Asso- she said, “and I plan to work with the Committee on Investments to ciation of Petroleum Geologists, American Association of University balance the funds GSA invests in.” Women, American Geophysical Union, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, Sigma Xi, and Society of Exploration Geophysicists, as DIRECTIONS well as GSA (since 1983). She is on the boards of several philan- Where must GSA head to be competitive with other geoscience thropic organizations and is a trustee for the University of Montana associations? According to Foland, “We need to leverage strategic Foundation. She has a private pilot certificate (commercial rating) partnerships with other organizations, to avoid redundant effort and and enjoys fly fishing, skiing, and golf. make the best use of available resources.” She cited the need to learn

SAGE Remarks continued from p. 8 these materials recognition for their commit- direct faculty involvement. The offering of ment to education, and may assist in institu- courses and development of content for ESSE participants are in various stages of tional reward and tenure decisions. An edito- Earth system science requires genuine col- developing these modules and testing their rial-advisory board will refine and implement laboration, sharing knowledge across disci- effectiveness in a classroom situation. the review process and establish review crite- plines and exploring together those aspects ria, including content accuracy, pedagogical of the system between traditional disciplin- Peer Review effectiveness, and presentation format. If ary boundaries. Several hundred faculty, financial support is forthcoming, an innova- lecturers, and teaching assistants in the To assist with the formal quality control tive and open peer review process will be United States, Canada, and Central and and recognition of Earth system science implemented, encouraging reviewer-devel- South America form a coordinated inter- learning resources, ESSE has proposed a peer- oper communication, with provision for con- disciplinary partnership of institutions and reviewed on-line Journal of Earth System Sci- fidential exchange. individuals to develop the breadth and depth ence Education (JESSE) for the purpose of cre- of scientific knowledge required for offering ating a common repository of quality Earth Outcomes the course content of Earth system science in system science education resources for under- the classroom. graduate and graduate classroom instruction. Several outcomes have emerged from JESSE peer review will offer to the authors of the ESSE program that are evident from the

GSA TODAY, August 1999 9 WASHINGTON REPORT

Bruce F. Molnia, [email protected] Washington Report provides the GSA membership with a window on the activities of the federal agencies, Congress and the legislative process, and international interactions that could impact the geoscience community. These reports present sum- maries of agency and interagency programs, track legislation, and present insights into Washington, D.C., geopolitics as they pertain to the geosciences.

Meet Charles Groat, Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (Part 1)

gist for the Louisiana Geological Survey. of the organization [USGS] don’t see our Charles G. Groat became the 13th From 1976 to 1978, he was an associate science going in that direction; they feel director of the U.S. Geological Survey on professor at the University of Texas at that there are legitimate reasons that some November 13, 1998. Secretary of the Austin, in the Department of Geological science ought to be done for its own sake. Interior Bruce Babbitt described Groat as Sciences, and associate director and acting Many others feel that the applications are having “the right mix of academic back- director of the Bureau of Economic as important as the basic kind. So I think ground, skills, and experience for provid- Geology. that it truly has gone from one view of an ing leadership to the USGS.” Babbitt con- Among his many professional affilia- organization to one in transition, to one tinued, “There is a pressing need for good tions, Groat is a member of the Geological that is still in transition but certainly is science to guide safe and informed deci- Society of America, the American Associa- building on its best attributes, which are sions. The U.S. Geological Survey plays a tion for the Advancement of Science, the quality science and objective science. All critical role in science in this country and, American Geophysical Union, and the through the contacts that I and many indeed all over the world.” Groat, Babbitt American Association of Petroleum Geolo- others have had with the USGS from early has said, “has a fine scientific mind, and gists. A native of Westfield, New York, on, the credibility of this organization has he will bring the Department an impres- Groat received an A.B. degree in geology always been perhaps its greatest asset, sive array of management, research and from the University of Rochester in 1962, because people trust it. They trust its scientific advocacy skills that will make his M.S. degree from the University of science and they hold it as objective. him an invaluable asset and serve all Massachusetts in 1967, and his Ph.D. in GSA TODAY: Now that you have been Americans well.” 1970 from the University of Texas at on board for nearly half a year, has that Groat, 58, has had a distinguished Austin. perception changed? career in the earth science community— GSA TODAY: What was your percep- Groat: It has changed only in detail. more than 25 years of direct involvement tion of the USGS prior to beginning as I came in right at the time that the Strate- in geological studies, energy and minerals director? gic Plan was developed. I had first hand resource assessment, groundwater occur- Groat: Ever since I got out of graduate involvement in where the Survey was rence and protection, geomorphic pro- school and went to work, I’ve had contact trying to go, where it was planning to go, cesses and landform evolution in desert with the USGS because I was with the state but without detail. Since then I’ve become areas, and coastal studies. Prior to joining geological surveys. Even the years that I more involved in what that really means, the USGS, he was Associate Vice President was out of the state survey and with the what is happening in the divisions, and for research and sponsored projects at the universities I was working with the USGS what’s happening with our budget. So my University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). Prior at various times. But it is interesting how perception has changed only in the sense to that, he was UTEP’s director of the you look at the USGS from the outside that I understand both the challenges to Center for Environmental Resource Man- following gaps in contact. I have seen make some of these things happen and, agement, director of its environmental changes of perspective and how it relates maybe even more important than that, science and engineering Ph.D. program, to other parts of the geoscience world. In the tremendous opportunities that are out and a professor of geological sciences. the early days of being a state geologist there if we are successful. The one feeling From 1992 to 1995, Groat served as and working with the USGS, the culture I’ve had, whether it’s the USGS, the state executive director of the Center for was kind of “us and them.” They [USGS] survey, or academic geoscience, is that Coastal, Energy, and Environmental had their own agenda and didn’t appear we’ve never been able to insert ourselves Resources at Louisiana State University. He to have much respect for “us,” the state into arenas where we should be big play- served as executive director of the Ameri- surveys. I came back in the 80s, and there ers. Maybe it’s because of our tendency to can Geological Institute from 1990 to was still some of that, but there was more want to be scientists in the field doing our 1992. From 1983 to 1988, Groat was assis- cooperation in programs such as some of thing. That is an oversimplification, but tant to the Secretary of the Louisiana the coastal initiatives. Geological mapping we have never forced our science into the Department of Natural Resources, where was starting to come along, and there were public arena to the extent that we could he administered the Coastal Zone Man- pods within the USGS and pods within have or that some of the engineering orga- agement Program, and the Coastal Protec- the states that were finding ways to do nizations have, for example. What we can tion Program. From 1978 to 1990, he held programs together. Now I see a real solid offer in science for policy-making and positions at Louisiana State University and attempt and interest in building this close decision-making is tremendous. The the Louisiana Department of Natural working relationship with groups outside potential is so great, and it is wonderful to Resources, including serving as professor of the USGS who have use for the prod- see us headed in that direction, but we for the Department of Geology and Geo- ucts, who can be potential partners, or have a long way to go. physics and as Director and State Geolo- who have common objectives. Some parts

10 GSA TODAY, August 1999 GSA TODAY: What would you do to science budget. Specifically, the DOI has greatly enhances our ability to integrate make the USGS a household word? been excluded from that because of past science, and that is very important for our Groat: We have to work a lot harder lack of confidence in the department over future success. to just begin convincing people that it’s grazing issues and mining law reform. Is GSA TODAY: In addition to biology important that they know what we do, there any way that the USGS will be able and geology, the USGS has the largest because it’s important that they use what to overcome its association with the other water resources and civilian mapping we produce. We have to raise our profile aspects of the DOI and be included with capability in the U.S. government. How with the people who support us and who the other federal science agencies? do you balance and integrate these four build our programs through financing. Groat: I think the other reason for diverse capabilities? This should include a genuine effort to get exclusion was that since the BRD [USGS Groat: I don’t see balance as a major ourselves into everyone’s mind from Biological Resources Division—the former issue. I think the integration is hardest to school kids and the people on the street to National Biological Service] is now part of do in practice and easiest to do in concept. the technical and policy audiences we the DOI, it brings endangered species The growing complexity of the issues we should be serving. Doing this causes some issues in, and these are not popular on the must deal with and the need to under- to say that if you put all this emphasis on Hill. Through the efforts of the American stand cycles and systems that are multi- what we are and on selling our products, Geological Institute (AGI) and other sup- dimensional are becoming more evident then we become an information agency porters, we were amended back into the every day. That is where the great scien- rather than a science agency. I think we process. Will science funding ever be dou- tific challenges are today, understanding really have to become an information bled? There isn’t any clear sign people are systems and integrating societal issues— group, but not at the expense of science. willing to support science to that degree. the socio-economic piece—into it. There A big piece of becoming an information Is there a willingness in our own depart- are still people within the disciplines who group is targeting our identity and our ment to honor science to the degree that feel threatened by this, because they feel it products and our capabilities to the right it lets us leap above the 3%–4%–5% a year will compromise the quality of their sci- audiences. That is hard work and that is a budget growth and really make science ence and perhaps the reason they got into lot further than a science-only organiza- grow within the department? I wouldn’t science in the first place, which is to be tion ever felt that it had to go or ever built argue to double, necessarily, but I think their own master and follow their own a capability to do. If we are truly interested that we need some 15%–20% changes to lead. But if we are talking about substan- in our applications, we have to emphasize do more than keep up with inflation. tial growth and what science is going to our products and be recognized as their GSA TODAY: The USGS is now the contribute in the future, particularly in the producer. largest biological science organization in earth and life sciences, it is going to have GSA TODAY: Secretary Babbitt has the federal government. Does this present to be integrated. Even in the field, in our stated, “There is a pressing need for good any potential problems to the geological own organization, when a hydrologist, a science....” How would you interpret this future of the USGS? geomorphologist, and a biologist are with respect to the USGS? Groat: I don’t think that it does. BRD brought into the same room to discuss a Groat: Babbitt has an intense interest adds a research dimension, a science problem, the synergism is automatic. in science, and his attempts to make us dimension that is important. The other There just isn’t any problem with this. The more a science agency in support of and thing they brought that will strengthen problem is when you come up the man- on behalf of the Department of the Inte- the USGS is their service attitude. They agement structure further, and we start rior (DOI) bureaus is a sign that he is seri- came out of organizations where they worrying about budget processes and ous about it. He really feels science needs were expected to provide science to meet assessment rates and turf and control, and to be more of a factor in decision-making the road very directly. The view that our those sorts of things that are parts of aca- processes within the department and out- science does need to meet real needs will demic departments, colleges, or USGS divi- side the department. His statement rein- be good for us in the long run. On the sions. That is where the real barriers and forces the importance of our role. other side, we will encourage them to challenges come in making integrated GSA TODAY: Nearly all federal terres- have more of a science core that isn’t trial and marine science now is performed strictly tactical. The addition of BRD Washington Report continued on p. 12 by either NOAA [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] or the USGS. Do you foresee any efforts to combine those two agencies into a single federal Exxon Short Course science of the earth agency? at the 1999 GSA Annual Meeting Groat: My impression is that we are seen as a much more science-oriented Clastic Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy for Graduate Students Only organization as a whole than is NOAA. Saturday, October 23 and Sunday, October 24, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Particularly with a move toward integrated Sponsored by Exxon Production Research Company science, the idea of bringing oceanography and atmospheric sciences together with This course is designed to teach graduate students the principles, concepts, and traditional solid earth, and now biological, methods of sequence stratigraphic analysis in clastic strata. Sequence stratigraphy sciences, and forming this total-picture uses an integrated approach to studying depositional systems and is critical to kind of science package is one that would developing a framework for analysis of reservoir-aquifer connectivity in both resonate with a lot of people.There have hydrocarbon and environmental applications. Focusing on the fundamentals of been past efforts to create a Department of sequence stratigraphy, this course provides participants with hands-on experience Science type of organization within the in depositional facies analysis using outcrop and core together with well-log and federal government, and they always run seismic data. into such practical obstacles as Authoriz- Limit: 30. No fee. Preregistration required. For information: Art Donovan, Exxon ing and Appropriations Committees turf Production Research Company, (713) 973-3148, fax 713-973-3340, art.d.donovan and clients turf. @exxon.sprint.com; or Morgan Sullivan, Exxon Production Research Company, GSA TODAY: In the last year, there 3120 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, TX 77098, (713) 431-6396, morgan.d.sullivan has been a major effort by several mem- @exxon.sprint.com. bers of Congress to double the federal

GSA TODAY, August 1999 11 PENROSE CONFERENCE SCHEDULED Penrose CONFERENCE Great Cascadia Earthquake Tricentennial June 4 – 8, 2000

The year 2000 marks the tricentennial of the last great (mag- tricentennial year of the 1700 Cascadia earthquake. The confer- nitude 8 or larger) earthquake at the Cascadia subduction zone, ence will bring together 75 earth scientists, engineers, public offi- located along the Pacific coast of North America. Coastal and off- cials, and hazard-mitigation professionals to critically review cur- shore geological work has confirmed that many great subduction rent knowledge about great Cascadia earthquakes, clarify the earthquakes have struck this region in the last several thousand hazards posed by future earthquakes such as strong ground shak- years. In addition, geodetic studies have shown that the subduc- ing and tsunamis, discuss appropriate strategies for reducing tion zone is accumulating strain that will be released in one or losses from these earthquakes, and identify new research direc- more future earthquakes. tions. Seaside was chosen as the venue for the conference because Further understanding of this earthquake potential is of its location at the center of the Cascadia subduction zone and required for seismic hazard characterization, engineering design, its proximity to both major population centers in the Pacific emergency planning and response, and other mitigation efforts Northwest and the field trip site. The town is situated on the in the western parts of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, spectacularly scenic and geologically interesting Oregon coast. and northern California, which are home to some 6 million The conference will be multidisciplinary and multinational people. Particularly needed are (1) reliable estimates of magnitude in scope. Efforts to reduce losses from future Cascadia earth- and frequency of occurrence, (2) assessments of the severity of quakes extend far beyond earth science into engineering and seismic hazards, (3) effective transfer of such information to engi- public policy. The efforts also cross boundaries between political neers, public officials, and others involved in hazard mitigation, jurisdictions, for the Cascadia subduction zone spans more than and (4) consequent measures to reduce future losses of life and 1000 km of the Pacific coast, and useful perspectives come from property. subduction zones in Central and South America, Alaska, and Asia. These issues will be explored during a four-day Geological The conference will consist of three days of discussions, Society of America Penrose Conference at Seaside, Oregon, in the prompted by talks and posters, and a one-day field trip. Sessions

Washington Report ontinued from p. 11 GSA TODAY: Several years ago, the aster Information (CINDI), the mapping USGS reinvented itself with a focus on piece and the remote sensing piece were science a more important part of what sci- four themes: Environment, Hazards, Infor- already there. Then you bring the science entific organizations do. We have to make mation Management, and Resources. Do in; you go to the Geological Division. BRD sure that for the scientist, the reward sys- you see any need for changing these four at first didn’t think that they had much of tem supports doing that kind of work. themes and if so, how would you do it? a role to play there, but when they got in This doesn’t mean that all discipline- Groat: I think that they are broad they found that they did. So how do we based, focused science will go away in the enough. If you look to where our science identify those pieces and make sure that USGS or any place else. We can’t and has gone and the ability for our science to they are there in an efficient way and get shouldn’t get away from understanding serve, those themes are pretty good the enthusiasm and the interest up? It’s basic phenomena or basic characteristics umbrellas to work from. I’ve been more not so much the structure as it is the atti- that underpin complex systems and inter- interested in seeing how the coordination tude and the willingness to do that. The pretations. takes place to make those themes work in Hurricane Mitch response has provided a GSA TODAY: There is a clear-cut practice. How hazards, for example, are good laboratory for making this interac- demarcation between each of the four not just a Geologic Division program. tion work. USGS science divisions; Biological Flooding problems have a Water Resources GSA TODAY: In the last few years, the Resources, Geologic, National Mapping, Division focus but there are also biological USGS has become more regionalized. Is and Water Resources. Do you see a time and geological dimensions. If those are that a trend that you see continuing? in the near future when that arbitrary going to be themes that we build our Groat: I think one of the reasons the demarcation will disappear? Strategic Plan and our future around, then regional emphasis has grown is because Groat: No, I really don’t. I believe how do we build our programs around nearly everything that we do in the field structure is less of an issue than leader- those in a way that serves the themes well has a regional basis. If we are concerned ship. If you come up with a list of reasons by integrating division involvement? I about partnering and about customers and as to why this structure hinders things we think the themes are solid ones, and I stake holders being involved in both the aspire to do, there aren’t alternatives that don’t think that they are limiting in any planning and the implementation of pro- are clearly better at this point. The trauma, way. grams, we have to be where they are. That the destruction, the agony, and the num- GSA TODAY: The USGS response to is where real needs are generally identi- ber of years it would take us to work our Hurricane Mitch, where you have hazards, fied, more so than at the Washington way through all of that—we could lose too environment, and information manage- level. So there is a real operational reason much momentum and capability. I think ment scientists all working together and to be efficient and effective at the regional that we have a much better chance of all four divisions actively participating, level. That raises the question to what structuring programs to meet changing serves to show that there is a synergism degree do you manage programs at the needs by having leaders in those divisions that can develop that pulls the right pieces regional level. We have learned that using and in my office who have progressive out of the USGS to deal with a specific dis- a regional focus is an effective way of get- attitudes and scientists who believe that aster. Is this a model for the future? ting people together to do things. Another this is the way to go. You can make the Groat: With the existence of the part of the regional piece is how concen- present structure work if there is the will Center for the Integration of Natural Dis- trated should we be regionally? Do we and the leadership to do it.

12 GSA TODAY, August 1999 will deal with hazards posed by great Cascadia earthquakes and most participants will be expected to present a poster. Significant the mitigation of these hazards; past earthquakes and tsunamis, time will be reserved for poster discussion. Selection of partici- tectonics, and present-day seismicity and strain accumulation. pants will be made by the conveners and based on a submitted Evidence for past Cascadia earthquakes and tsunamis will be abstract, previous publications or experience, and topical and examined and discussed during a canoe trip along nearby Lewis geographical areas of expertise. and Clark River. The field trip will include a visit to historic Fort Co-conveners are John J. Clague, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Clatsop and examination of cores from Bradley Lake, Oregon, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada, and which contain a 7000-year record of tsunamis produced by great Geological Survey of Canada, 101-605 Robson St., Vancouver, BC Cascadia earthquakes. A public forum on Cascadia earthquakes V6B 5J3, Canada, [email protected]; Brian F. Atwater, U.S. Geo- and tsunamis will be held just before or during the conference logical Survey at Dept. of Geological Sciences AJ-20, University of and will provide participants an opportunity to hear concerns of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, atwater@ u.washington.edu; coastal residents. Kelin Wang, Pacific Geoscience Centre, Geological Survey of The format of the meeting is designed to ensure critical Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada, thought and interaction among participants. Formal lectures will [email protected]. gc.ca; Yumei Wang, Oregon Department of be limited, and most of our time will be spent in group discus- Geology and Mineral Industries, 800 NE Oregon St., No. 28, sions and poster sessions. There will also be opportunity for infor- Portland, OR 97232, [email protected]; and Ivan G. mal discussion and relaxation during evenings. Wong, URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services, 500 12th The conference is limited to 75 participants. We encourage St., Ste. 200, Oakland, CA 94607, [email protected]. participation of graduate students working on Cascadia great Application deadline is December 1, 1999. Invita- earthquake topics; limited subsidies will be provided to selected tions will be mailed to participants at the end of January 2000. students. The registration fee, which covers lodging, meals, the Potential participants should send a letter of application to John field trip, and all other conference expenses except personal inci- Clague, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burn- dentals is not expected to exceed U.S. $700. Participants will be aby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. The application should include a brief responsible for transportation to and from Seaside. Further infor- (less than 250 words) abstract of the poster or talk the applicant mation will be provided in the letter of invitation. would present at the conference. To facilitate conference organi- Interested scientists, engineers, public officials, hazard- zation, participants are asked to state what they perceive to be the mitigation professionals, and graduate students are invited to most important questions requiring resolution. participate. Because the time allocated for formal talks is limited,

have a Reston–Denver–Menlo Park con- centration, or do we have a few more cen- ters tied to programs—dispersing ourselves a little more, with certain critical masses USGS Publishes Papers tied to programs that are regionally impor- tant? The region and what its dominant on Loma Prieta Earthquake program needs are would dictate what we would have there. A place like Menlo Park might have a hazards focus complemented The U.S. Geological Survey has completed the professional papers The Loma by other regionally relevant programs. Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989, prepared in cooperation with Another part of the regional picture that is the National Science Foundation. USGS Professional Papers 1550–1553 com- still evolving is the part driven by the effi- prise 16 chapters. The 2,773-page publication contains 162 manuscripts. Co- ciencies of co-locating with other organi- ordinators were William Bakun and William Prescott for volume 1550, Thomas L. zations who have complementary capabil- Holzer for volumes 1551 and 1552, and Dennis S. Mileti for volume 1553. The ities and interests, where we can partner publication is sold as individual chapters, as follows. and share the costs and the benefits of Professional Paper 1550—Earthquake Professional Paper 1552—Performance working together. GSA TODAY: Gordon Eaton, your pre- Occurrence: A, Main-Shock Character- of the Built Environment: A, Lifelines; B, decessor, characterized the future of the istics; B, Forecasts; C, Preseismic Highway Systems; C, Building Struc- USGS in terms of customers, outreach, Observations; D, Aftershocks and tures; D, Earth Structures and Engi- and relevance. How does this characteriza- Postseismic Effects; F, Tectonic Pro- neering Characterization of Ground tion fit your perception of the future of cesses and Models. Motion. the USGS? Professional Paper 1551—Strong Professional Paper 1553—Societal Groat: I agree with Gordie that the Ground Motion and Ground Failure: A, Response: A, Loss Estimation and success of our programs will depend on Strong Ground Motion; B, Liquefac- Procedures; B, Public Response; C, our ability to incorporate those. The nega- tion; C, Landslides; E, Hydrologic Fire, Police, Transportation, and tive spin on this has been more internal— Disturbances; F, Marina District. Hazardous Materials; D. Recovery, people feel we are going to change what Mitigation, and Reconstruction. we are and what strengths we build on, to accommodate those elements. Building The publications are available from: USGS Information Services, Box 25286, these does not change our whole reason Denver, CO 80225. Also see http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/propaper.html, or for existence. If we aren’t successful in call 1-800-HELPMAP. developing all of those areas, our future will be pretty dim. Our Strategic Plan emphasizes the role of all three. To be continued.

GSA TODAY, August 1999 13 GSA DIVISIONS—DO YOU BELONG?

GSA’s twelve divisions provide a home for like-minded Paper Award to highlight recent contributions in print, and two scientists within the Society as a whole, as well as a focus for student research awards to recognize exciting research in progress cross-disciplinary discussion and interaction. In particular, the by graduate students. At the GSA Annual Meeting, in addition to divisions help develop the scientific program for the annual holding a business and award meeting and a reception, we spon- meetings, provide opportunities for students to participate in sor theme sessions, symposia, field trips, and short courses to draw the meetings, and help fund student research. attention to subjects of interest to division members. The division This is the third article on GSA’s Divisions (see May GSA offers subsidies to assist students in participating in division- Today—v. 9, no. 5, p. 18—for the first and July GSA Today—v. 9, sponsored field trips. Twice a year, we publish a newsletter that no. 7, p. 17—for the second). If you would like to become a part includes updates on research sponsorship at NSF, as well as infor- of a GSA division, call Membership Services, 1-800-472-1988. mation on members, and we sponsor a Web page that outlines division activities and announces upcoming meetings. We are Geophysics Division improving links with our European colleagues by contributing to the International Association of Structural Geologists, and by G. Randy Keller, Division Secretary-Treasurer cosponsoring an upcoming meeting of the Tectonic Specialist A major goal at GSA is better integration of geophysics into Group in the UK. all aspects of the organization, and the Geophysics Division is at Because of concern over diminishing resources for funding the forefront of this effort. For example, the division’s major research, the division has taken an increasingly active role in award, the George P. Woollard Award, is given annually to recog- drawing attention to past research accomplishments and future nize outstanding contributions to geology through the applica- research directions in structure and tectonics. A division- tion of the principals and techniques of geophysics. Membership sponsored committee produced a “white paper” about current in the division is by no means limited to those who would char- research activities in structure and tectonics. This document was acterize themselves as geophysicists. Geophysics is a very broad provided both to division members and to funding organizations. field, and our aim is to be inclusive and to encourage interactions There’s no better way to keep current with what’s happening that bring out new ideas and thus opportunities. For example, in structure and tectonics than to join the division and visit the few would have envisioned the role geophysics plays today in Web site. archeology and environmental studies. Encouraging and supporting students is a priority in the divi- Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Division sion, and the Allen V. Cox Award is given each year to the out- standing student research grant project that involves the princi- Ardith K. Hansel, Division Chair, [email protected] pals and applications of geophysics. We welcome donations to The second largest GSA division, the Quaternary Geology the endowment that helps to fund this award. If dues income is and Geomorphology Division (QG&G) will be 45 years old in large enough, we fund an additional student research project in 2000. The division brings together a diverse and interdisciplinary geophysics. Support for students consumes >90% of the division’s group of more than 1,350 earth scientists who study the Quater- annual expenditures. nary record and surficial processes. At the GSA Annual Meeting, The division plays a major role in encouraging, sponsoring, our scientists present ideas and discuss problems, honor col- and organizing geophysical contributions at the annual meeting, leagues for their research and publications and advise the officers and we are always looking for help and ideas. The same is true for and committees of GSA about Quaternary geology and geo- short courses. We believe that a strong geophysical presence at morphology. the annual meeting is a key to increasing the level of participa- The division’s award program promotes research and recog- tion of geophysicists in GSA activities. In addition, members of nizes excellence in Quaternary geology and geomorphology. Two the division often organize geophysical sessions and activities at awards assist students: the J. Hoover Mackin Research Grant for GSA section meetings. Ph.D. research and the Arthur D. Howard Grant for M.S. research. Another goal of the division is to foster interactions and The Distinguished Career Award recognizes demonstrated excel- communication between geophysicists and those interested in lence and contributions to Quaternary geology and geomorphol- geophysics. Each year the division holds a joint social function ogy. QG&G is also active in selecting recipients for two GSA with the Structural Geology and Tectonics division. The division’s awards, the Kirk Bryan Award, for a published paper of distinc- Web page is evolving and serves as a link to major geophysical tion advancing the science of geomorphology, and the Gladys W. research projects around the world. The goal is for this Web site Cole Memorial Research Award, for support of research on semi- to act as a ready link to important sources of geophysical infor- arid and arid terrains. Two new awards have been established. mation. This year, the first Farouk El-Baz Award will recognize an out- standing contribution in desert research. In 2000, the first Don J. Structural Geology and Tectonics Division Easterbrook Distinguished Scientist Award will honor unusual excellence in published research in Quaternary geology and Stephen Marshak, Division Chair, [email protected] geomorphology. The Structural Geology and Tectonics Division emerged from Quaternary geology and geomorphology is an integral and an after-dinner conversation at a GSA Penrose Conference held growing part of GSA. Check out the QG&G technical program near New Paltz, New York, in 1980. Participants recognized that and field trips at the 1999 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver in despite intense interest in structure and tectonics fostered by the October. Awards are presented at the annual reception held on plate tectonics revolution, there was no representation of the dis- Tuesday evening. You are invited to join QG&G. We are always cipline at GSA. Once established, the division grew to have a looking for new members, especially students. membership of more than 1500, making it the largest GSA Divi- sion, even though it’s one of the youngest. Geoscience Education Division The division sponsors numerous activities designed to foster interest in structure and tectonics and to improve communication Nancy West, Division Chair, [email protected] among researchers, teachers, and students working in the disci- The Geoscience Education Division spans disciplines repre- pline. Every year, the division gives the Career Contribution sented in the Society. Any geoscientist with an interest in teach- Award to a distinguished geologist who has had a major impact in ing—formally or informally—is welcome to join. The division’s structure and/or tectonics over many years. We also offer a Best GSA Divisions continued on p. 15

14 GSA TODAY, August 1999 CALL FOR GEOLOGICAL PAPERS FOR 2000 GSA SECTION AND ANNUAL MEETINGS

NORTHEASTERN SECTION SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION March 13–15, 2000 April 3–4, 2000 April 17–18, 2000 Regency Hyatt Hotel, Center for Continuing Education, Missoula Community Theater, New Brunswick, New Jersey Fayetteville, Arkansas Missoula, Montana Abstract Deadline: Abstract Deadline: Abstract Deadline: November 29, 1999 December 8, 1999 January 15, 2000 Submit completed abstracts to: Submit completed abstracts to: Submit completed abstracts to: Kenneth G. Miller John Van Brahana Marc Hendrix Dept. of Geological Sciences, Department of Geology Department of Geology Wright Lab University of Arkansas, Ozark Hall 118 University of Montana Rutgers University Fayetteville, AR 72701-1201 Missoula, MT 59812-1019 610 Taylor Rd. (501) 575-2570 (406) 243-5278 Piscataway, NJ 08854-8066 [email protected] [email protected] (732) 445-3622 [email protected] NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION CORDILLERAN SECTION April 6–7, 2000 April 27–29, 2000 SOUTHEASTERN SECTION Indiana State Government Center, Robson Square Conference Centre, March 23–24, 2000 Indianapolis, Indiana Vancouver, British Columbia Westin Francis Marion Hotel, Abstract Deadline: Abstract Deadline: Charleston, South Carolina December 20, 1999 January 10, 2000 Abstract Deadline: Submit completed abstracts to: Submit completed abstracts to: December 8, 1999 Robert D. Hall Peter Mustard Submit completed abstracts to: Department of Geology Department of Earth Sciences June E. Mirecki Indiana University–Purdue University Simon Fraser University Department of Geology 723 W Michigan St. Burnaby, BC V5A 1S5, CANADA College of Charleston Indianapolis, IN 46202-5132 (604) 291-5389 Charleston, SC 29424-0001 (317) 274-7484 [email protected] (803) 953-8278 [email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACT FORM REQUEST FOR 2000 MEETINGS GSA ANNUAL MEETING To: GSA Abstracts Coordinator, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, Reno, Nevada or e-mail [email protected] November 13–16, 2000 • Please send ______copies of the GSA abstract form for 2000 meetings only. This form may not be used for the Annual Meeting. Check out the April 2000 Name ______issue of GSA Today for Address ______Call for Geological Papers. City ______State______ZIP ______Country ______

GSA Divisions continued from p. 14 nity. This is especially important as the new National Science Education Standards recognize the earth sciences to be as impor- mission is to foster discussion and participation of members in tant as chemistry, physics, and biology in K–12 classes. earth science education. Members can contribute actively by participating in initia- As scientists interested in education, we can influence tives such as the Society’s Partners in Education Program (PEP). In instruction in the formal settings of colleges and schools. The this program, geoscientists develop a partnership with precollege division has sponsored theme sessions and symposia to help and informal educators, to the benefit of both. instructors at all levels improve their teaching. Sponsorship has The division participates in selecting the Biggs Award, and been shared with sister organizations: NAGT, NESTA, and GSA’s the awardee receives recognition at the division’s annual meet- Education, Outreach, and Policy Department. Participation in ing. The Biggs Award is given to a college professor with fewer these sessions and membership in the division is growing, reflect- than 10 years experience who demonstrates excellent teaching in ing an expanding interest in teaching. the earth sciences. In 1999, the recipient will be recognized at the Our membership includes more than 50 K–12 teachers for NAGT luncheon and education awards ceremony. whom teaching is a primary professional concern and opportu-

GSA TODAY, August 1999 15 INTRODUCTION Bernard of Chartres, an 11th-12th century philosopher and teacher, said that we are like dwarfs on the shoulders of giants, so that we can see more than they and for a greater distance, not by any virtue of our own but because we are carried high and raised aloft by their stature. All of us have our geological heroes, those giants on whose shoulders we stand. To encourage recognition of these luminaries and to provide inspiration for students and young professionals, the GSA History of Geology Division presents Rock Stars, brief pro- files of our geological giants. If you have any comments on profiles, please contact Robert N. Ginsburg, University of Miami, RSMAS/MGG, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098, E-mail: [email protected]. —Robert N. Ginsburg, History of Geology Division

Preston Cloud: Peripatetic Paleontologist

J. Thomas Dutro, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, Washington DC 20560-0137

Few scientists change the direction led him to hunting and hiking and scout- and focus of their entire discipline in a ing. He became an Eagle scout, and he In the field, north Bow River slope, Canada, 1968. lifetime, let alone every few years. Even graduated from Waynesboro High School fewer make the transition from bench in 1929. Cloud escaped the early depres- working, conscientious Cloud and made scientist to successful science manager sion years by enlisting in the Navy in certain that he was admitted to Yale as a and back again. Add a mission, in the 1930. The feisty young sailor released graduate student in geology with adequate waning stages of a career, to alert the pub- some of his frustrations through boxing, financial support. Cloud started graduate lic to the dual dangers of burgeoning pop- and he soon became bantamweight cham- work on brachiopods at Yale, supervised ulation and steadily decreasing natural pion of the Pacific Fleet Scouting Force. by Carl Dunbar, completed his dissertation resources, and you have the peripatetic Discharged from the Navy in 1933 in Cali- on the Silurian and Devonian terebratu- Preston Cloud (1912–1991). fornia, he spent that summer hiking and loid brachiopods in record time, and grad- working his way back east. uated in 1940 (the Geological Society of Early Years America published his dissertation as a Preston Ercelle Cloud, Jr. was born in Becoming a Paleontologist monograph in 1942). West Upton, Massachusetts, September 26, Cloud’s resourcefulness, drive, and After a year of teaching at Missouri 1912; he was the third of seven children abilities made him successful in college School of Mines, Cloud returned to Yale in a family headed by an itinerant engi- and graduate school. He took any odd job for postdoctoral work, but in 1941 he was neer-draftsman. By the late 1920s, the he could find in 1933, the depth of the recruited by Josiah Bridge of the U.S. Geo- family was in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania. Depression, and earned enough money for logical Survey. Cloud worked in a field Preston Cloud loved the outdoors life that his first semester at George Washington party studying manganese deposits in University. Maine as part of a wartime mineral explo- There, his mentor was Ray Bassler, a ration program. This appointment began part-time professor and curator of paleon- an association with the USGS that lasted tology at the National Museum. Bassler, until his death half a century later. The impressed by Cloud’s enthusiasm and abil- next year, Cloud was appointed party ity to absorb information rapidly, found chief of the Alabama bauxite project. work for him at the museum. By his sec- In 1943, Cloud accepted an invita- ond year, Cloud was working full time as a tion to join Virgil Barnes of the Texas technician and attending classes at night. Bureau of Economic Geology in the Ellen- He also impressed G. Arthur Cooper, burger Project, studying the stratigraphy world-famous paleontologist and stratigra- and sedimentology of this important early pher, and became a preparator in the pale- Paleozoic carbonate complex. The result- ontology laboratory; there he absorbed ing monograph established Cloud as a car- Cooper’s lore and skill in studying fossil bonate stratigrapher and paleogeographer; brachiopods. Despite full employment at these disciplines were added to his paleon- the museum, Cloud completed his B.Sc. tologic background and developed later and graduated in 1938. In that same year, when he was party chief of the USGS work he published his first paper on bra- on Saipan during the geological study of chiopods with Cooper, beginning his the Trust Territories in the late 1940s. career in paleontology. From 1946 to 1948, Cloud was profes- Cooper had called Yale Professor sor of invertebrate paleontology at Har- Charles Schuchert’s attention to the hard- vard, filling the vacancy left by the death Cloud in the U.S. Navy, about 1931.

16 GSA TODAY, August 1999 of Percy Raymond. He resumed work on 1968, as professor of brachiopods and the Ellenberger biogeology, he manuscript, but was discouraged by the resumed studies on the lack of support for expanding the teaching origin of life and Pre- and research facilities in Cambridge. He cambrian physico- resigned and returned to the USGS in chemical conditions 1949, to become chief of the Branch of that made organic evo- Paleontology and Stratigraphy. lution possible. By 1974, he had con- Survey Years vinced the USGS direc- Cloud was the major influence in tor, his old friend developing careers of many young paleon- Vince McKelvey, to tologists in the USGS for a quarter-century build and equip a after World War II. A hard and exacting unique “clean labora- taskmaster, Cloud organized a paleontol- tory” at Santa Barbara ogy and stratigraphy unit that acted as a for the study of early ready-response team for inquiries about microorganisms, and paleobiological and sedimentological to rehire Cloud as the problems. Burgeoning USGS activities, head of a project to reflecting the increase in minerals explo- carry out the research. ration after 1949, required, in Cloud’s Together with a long- view, an expanded cadre of specialists held and expanding who could take on any and all challenges. concern over popula- He scoured the rosters of other USGS tion growth and natu- branches for people who could be useful ral resource conserva- for his new branch. With the full backing tion, this work filled of Chief Geologist Bill Bradley, Cloud had his very active life these people transferred and, in some until his death, in instances, retrained to fit into his organi- 1991, of amyotrophic zation. At the same time, he recruited lateral sclerosis (“Lou more promising young graduates to fill Gehrig’s disease”). gaps in his plan. With these swashbuck- ling tactics, he increased the size of the Cloud and the branch from about 15 to more than 60 in Cosmos six years. Cloud’s persistence built an After leaving the internationally recognized paleontologic USGS in the 1960s, research organization that was the pride of Cloud focused his the USGS for a quarter-century. energy on developing Preston Cloud in the late 1980s. After a decade, Cloud decided to revi- hypotheses about the talize his research in carbonate rocks, par- origin and evolution of ticularly those of biogenic origin, includ- life on Earth. Essential to this research for action between general perception of a ing reefs, and he set to work completing were his paleontologic expertise and threatening situation and the onset of cri- studies, begun in the late 1940s, of Pacific appreciation of geologic time. His work on sis or even catastrophe has become dan- atolls. This interest in marine carbonates carbonates had involved him in the study gerously small.” The world situation since led him to initiate and organize the first of the Precambrian, including the geo- 1978 has only become more threatening— USGS programs in marine geology. Now, chemistry of early oceans and atmo- not less so. three decades and two reorganizations spheres. Much of his work after 1974 cen- later, marine geology is a major program. tered on the pre-Phanerozoic Earth, and Coda But Cloud missed the USGS decision- his conclusions are presented in Cosmos, Preston Cloud’s research interests making maelstrom of the early 1960s. One Earth, and Man published by Yale Univer- were kaleidoscopic—from invertebrate morning at coffee in his lab, he suddenly sity Press in 1978. paleontology and brachiopod systematics interjected, “I just can’t get back to atoll Cloud’s realization of the vulnerabil- to carbonate petrology and coral reef ecol- problems; my telephone doesn’t ring any- ity of life on Earth grew as he reflected on ogy, to marine geology and oceanography, more!” It was clear that he would soon the human impact on the environment. to Precambrian stratigraphy and the origin leave the USGS. He also knew, from his early work on min- of life, and finally, to concern for the eral resources and later studies of energy whole Earth environment and our future Off To Academe sources and pollution, that sustainability relationship to it. He was a brilliant, ener- Cloud took an academic post about as was a major problem for the future if getic, and feisty researcher, teacher, leader, far away from the oceans as he could get human tendencies to ravage Earth were and friend. in North America. From 1961 to 1965, he not curbed. He made several projections of was at the University of Minnesota as full natural resource needs as related to the For Further Reading professor of geology, chairman of the exponential population growth over the Cloud, Preston, 1978, Cosmos, Earth, and man: A short history of the universe: New Haven, Connecticut, Yale Department of Geology and Geophysics, last decades of the 20th century, summa- University Press, 372 p. and head of the School of Earth Sciences. rized in the chapters “Posterity’s World” Cloud, Preston, 1988, Oasis in space: Earth history from The frigid weather, combined with his and “Perchance to Dream” in his 1978 the beginning: New York, Norton, 508 p. restlessness, led to another move—this book. Crowell, John C., 1995, Preston Cloud, September 26, time to California. After only three years Cloud summarized the dilemma as 1912—January 16, 1991: National Academy Press as professor at the University of California, follows: “...the quantities involved have Biographical Memoirs, v. 67, 22 p. Los Angeles, Cloud finally settled into a become so large and the doubling times permanent position at Santa Barbara. In [of population] so short that the lead time

GSA TODAY, August 1999 17 LETTERS

Aboriginal Cultures and Earth Science Grand Canyon Redux Gary Huckleberry’s comments (GSA Today, April 1999, p. 14) The article in the April 1999 issue of GSA Today by Ivo on the Indigenous Earth Sciences Project (IESP; Riggs and Marsh, Lucchitta and Luna B. Leopold fails to provide a timely, innova- 1998) offer caution to the uninformed. However, as a tribal-col- tive, or balanced report about floods and sandbars in the Grand lege geologist and a participant in the two IESP conferences thus Canyon. They proposed that controlled-flood releases from Glen far concluded, I can assure him that the distinction between Canyon Dam be timed with natural floods of the sediment-rich empirical and revealed knowledge is not lost on us. We are inter- Little Colorado River to replenish sandbars in the Grand Canyon ested in diverse means of earth study, but we don’t propose to reach of the Colorado River. Their proposal is not new; it was “mix science and religion.” discussed for years by scientists of the Glen Canyon Environmen- Ethnobotany, ethnomathematics, and archaeo- and ethno- tal Studies and was published in 1995 (ref. 1). Moreover, the astronomy have shown that aboriginal cultures contain a wealth Grand Canyon reach is not sediment deficient (ref. 2), as of scientific knowledge of their natural environments (e.g., Lucchitta and Leopold claimed. The sediment supply is critically Williamson and Farrer, 1992). To these established sciences, my short, however, in Glen and Marble Canyons upstream of the colleagues and I, who include Native Americans and non-Natives, Little Colorado River; the proposed flood would only exacerbate propose to add ethnogeology: study of the indigenous, empirical this deficiency. geological knowledge and practices of extant ethnic groups. Balance is lacking in the section “The Recent Geologic Past,” Our work is an adjunct to a broad synthesis of ethnography where Lucchitta and Leopold presented their version of Holocene and pedagogy underway at some tribally controlled schools and alluvial chronology of the Colorado River and described a possi- affiliated institutions. The intent is to enhance K–16 curricula by ble correlation between pre-dam flood stages and terrace levels. appropriate integration of traditional knowledge into all subjects. As primary sources, they cited Lucchitta et al. (1995), “Lucchitta Such knowledge can be brought into the mainstream when it is and colleagues,” and “Lucchitta et al., USGS data.” However, a culturally and epistemologically appropriate (Semken, 1997). substantially different Holocene chronology and relation of flood More indigenous and Western-trained scholars are needed—a stage to terrace sequence was published (ref. 3) before the Luc- strong impetus for collaborations such as IESP. chitta et al. 1995 paper. This work was the basis of three addi- Strictly ethnogeological works are still few (see the March tional publications (ref. 4); Lucchitta and Leopold cited none of 1997 Journal of Geoscience Education for examples). Native science these. Considering only one difference, our results show that lat- is place-centered, and will always be most valuable to the nations est Holocene alluvium is widespread. Therefore, this time was whence it comes. If it extends no further, the effort is still worth- largely aggradational, not strongly erosional as Lucchitta and while because cultural connectedness enhances minority-student Leopold inferred. interest in science (Ridgway et al., 1996). However, many ethno- Readers interested in a more complete rendition of the flood scientific ideas, such as those dealing with environmental man- stage, terrace sequence, and alluvial chronology stories should agement, might be applied globally. consult all the pertinent papers and then judge the various inter- Studies of Native geoscience have attracted support from pretations. Timely information about ongoing sandbar research is DOE (environmental restoration), NASA (effects of climate available at several Web sites (ref. 5). change on Native homelands), and the USGS and NSF (science References Cited education). The Navajo Nation Division of Education and my col- 1. U.S. Department of Interior, “Final Environmental Impact State- lege have placed integration of ethnoscience at the core of an ment” (Salt Lake City, Utah, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). NSF Rural Systemic Initiative to improve regional science and math education. 2. Andrews, E. D., Sediment transport in the Colorado River basin We don’t know if ethnogeology will prove as fruitful as its (Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 1991), p. 54–74. predecessors in the life and space sciences. But surely it is wrong 3. Hereford, R., Fairley, H. C., Thompson, K. S., and Balsom, J. R., to preempt study and discourse with an assertion that Native USGS Open-File Report 93-517 (1993), and Hereford, R., USGS Open- Americans, living for millennia as close to geological phenomena File Report 93–53 (1993). as anyone can, have only geomythology. 4. Hereford, R., Thompson, K. S., Burke, K. J., and Fairley, H. C., GSA. References Cited Bulletin, v. 103, no. 3 (1996); Hereford, R., USGS Miscellaneous Inves- Ridgway, K., Dowse, M., Geary, E. E., Maxson, J., Semken, S., Stephen- tigations Map I-2449 (1996); Hereford, R., Burke, K. J., and Thomp- son-Hawk, D., and Winkler, J., 1996, How can we increase diversity, son, K. S., USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-2608. (1998). recruitment, and retention of students in the Earth and space sci- ences, in Ireton, M. F. W., et al., eds., Shaping the future of undergrad- Letters continued on p. 19 uate Earth science education: Washington, American Geophysical Union, p. 39–43. Riggs, E. M., and Marsh, D. G., 1998, The Indigenous Earth Sciences Project: Exploring the synthesis of southern California Native Ameri- GSA ON THE WEB can traditional knowledge and the earth sciences: GSA Today, v. 8, no. 12, p. 12–13. Moving? Semken, S. C., 1997, NAGT/GSA symposium on geoscience education Use the convenient change of address form at in Native American communities: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. http://www.geosociety.org/members/chngadrss.htm. 45, March, p. 104–105. If you can't seem to get your hands on a printed preregistration Williamson, R. A., and Farrer, C. R., editors, 1992, Earth and sky: Visions of the cosmos in Native American folklore: Albuquerque, Uni- form for the 1999 Annual Meeting, you can print one out. versity of New Mexico Press, 299 p. The preregistration deadline is September 17. This form and Steve Semken the housing form are downloadable (in pdf format) from Diné College http://www.geosociety.org/meetings/99/index.htm. Shiprock, Navajo Nation, NM 87420-0580 http://Shiprock.ncc.cc.nm.us

18 GSA TODAY, August 1999 Birdsall-Dreiss Distinguished deformed at various stages in their geo- logic history and now transmit fluids of Lecturer for 2000 Announced varying density. Geologic, specific-gravity, fluid-pressure, and permeability data were used to construct variable-density flow Scott Bair, Ohio State University, is nesses. Even though the experts’ opinions and transport models. These models help the 2000 Birdsall-Dreiss Distinguished Lec- were based on the same data sets, their us to evaluate controls on regional flow turer, sponsored by the GSA Hydrogeology testimony concerning the complexity of patterns in a deep basin sandstone used as Division. At the request of interested insti- the geologic setting, role of the Aberjona an injection zone for hazardous wastes tutions, he will present one of two lectures River and wetland, groundwater flow- and to examine temporal changes in targeted for audiences broadly interested paths, and arrival times of contaminants solute distributions in an extensive car- in earth sciences. Bair received a B.A. at the municipal wells was divergent and bonate aquifer caused by regional depres- degree from the College of Wooster, and conflicting. Using trial data, plus more surization of the shallow freshwater zone M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Pennsylvania recent data from Superfund remediation and updip migration of brine. Results State University. He worked six years at activities, we constructed a geologic frame- show that flow patterns in deep flow cells Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation work and groundwater flow and transport are influenced by major structural features, before going to Ohio State, where he is models to assess unresolved issues from such as the Cincinnati Arch, which con- one of four faculty in the hydrogeology the trial and to evaluate proposed causes trol locations of regional groundwater group. He has published numerous of the childhood leukemia cluster. Our divides, whereas flow patterns in shallow research articles involving subsurface fluid results contradict the jury verdict concern- flow cells can change from intraforma- flow and is a recipient of Ohio State’s ing capture zones of the municipal wells tional to cross-formational, owing to parti- highest teaching award. and arrival times of contaminants. Simula- tioning of larger flow cells into smaller tions show that worst-case groundwater flow cells as brine in the deeper parts of an TALK TOPICS conditions correspond to gestation periods aquifer is displaced by infiltrating meteoric of the leukemia victims’ mothers. This water. These results are important to the Contamination of Woburn Wells finding supports the statistical inference location of hazardous-waste injection G & H—What the Experts Said at that the children did not contract facilities, migration of injected wastes, and Trial, What We Know Now leukemia from ingestion of contaminated sustainability of freshwater resources. In 1982, eight families in Woburn, water during childhood, but rather from a Includes slides and animations. Massachusetts, filed suit against three predisposition to leukemia developed in companies alleging that improper disposal utero. Includes slides and exhibits. TO SIGN UP of industrial chemicals contaminated Contact Scott Bair (231 Mendenhall groundwater that flowed to two municipal Variable-Density Fluid Flow in the Lab, 125 South Oval, Columbus, OH wells, and prolonged ingestion of the con- Midcontinent Basins and Arches 43210, (614) 292-6197, [email protected]) taminated water led to leukemia and other Region: Applications to Hazardous directly to request a visit to your institu- health disorders. This story is the subject Waste Injection and Sustainable tion. The Hydrogeology Division is par- of the book and movie A Civil Action, Freshwater Resources ticularly interested in including liberal which focus on the legal aspects of the Regional aquifers in the midcontinent arts colleges in the itinerary. The division federal trial. The crux of the jurors’ ver- basins and arches region are typical of pays transportation expenses, and the dict, however, lies in their understanding many areas containing a diverse assem- host institution provides local accom- the scientific testimony presented by the blage of lithologies that have been modations. ■ plaintiffs’ and defendants’ expert wit-

Letters continued from p. 18 The issue of sediment input from tributaries has indeed been discussed previously, but in the general terms that tributaries can 5. www.uc.usbr.gov/amp; gcmrc.gov; vishnu.glg.nau.edu/gces;az. contribute sediment. Missing are vital specifics such as the stage water.usgs.gov; flag.wr.usgs.gov. of the Colorado River resulting from sediment-laden floods on a Richard Hereford tributary, the stage needed to park sand on shore in a durable U.S. Geological Survey way, and the recurrence intervals of usable tributary floods. If Theodore S. Melis what we propose has long been known, then why the “beach- Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center building test floods,” which confirmed the results of the 1993 Kathryn S. Thompson natural flood on the Little Colorado, the subject of our analysis? Flagstaff, Arizona 86001 This flood showed that enormous amounts of new sand could be introduced into the system. Response from Ivo Lucchitta and Luna Leopold We did not cite Hereford’s papers because they are not of the According to Hereford et al., we have neither the standing essence to our proposal; we did cite O’Connor et al., which is. nor the expertise to justify our paper, whose contents they also The aim of our paper is the good of the Grand Canyon. We allege to be old news. In addition, we are chided for not citing have proposed a simple and practical way of improving the sand Hereford and for relying on unpublished data. balance in most of the Grand Canyon. The costs are minimal, so Together, we have many decades of experience working on operators of Glen Canyon Dam may find the concept practical the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, which has yielded informa- and palatable. Beaches below the confluence, now consigned to tion vital to our proposal, including hydrologic data, the aggrada- gradual erosion, will be restocked. Beaches above the confluence tion-downcutting history of the river, and detailed information may well be restocked by making similar use of floods on the on shorelines and corresponding discharges. Paria River. ■

GSA TODAY, August 1999 19 GSAF UPDATE

Donna L. Russell, Director of Annual Giving

Many Ways to Give to GSA You may also increase the impact of your gift through a There are several ways to give a major gift to the Foundation corporate matching gifts program. Please let us know if there today that could help offset the cost of subsidizing each and are matching possibilities to your contribution and we will do every membership, fund a student research grant, or allow the the rest. Foundation to continue to support the new and exciting pro- Finally, one of the best ways to give to GSA is through word grams at GSA. The simplest way to give a donation is cash. Alter- of mouth. Please let us know if you have any colleagues, friends, natives such as appreciated stock, bequests, personal property, or family you think would enjoy GSA membership and/or and insurance policies can make it easier to give a meaningful gift becoming a donor. to GSA. Because of the recent bull market on Wall Street, sale of Foundation Receives Bequests many of the stocks purchased prior to the market rise would sub- ject the seller to a heavy capital gains tax. More and more Ameri- Recently, two members chose to honor the Society and con- cans are finding themselves “cash poor” but “asset rich.” If you tribute to furthering the science through their estate plans. give appreciated stock to a tax-exempt entity: One bequest, totaling almost $200,000, was from the estate • you incur no capital gains tax, and of Clyde T. Hardy, a 49-year member of GSA, who died at age 77 • you can write off the amount given. in October 1998. An emeritus professor of geology at Utah State Moreover, with this “asset” stock gift, you can make a major dif- University, he worked his entire teaching career in geology. As he ference in the Foundation’s ability to assist GSA in carrying out wished, the gift has been added to the Unrestricted Fund. its mission. The other bequest, $43,000, was received from the estate of You may also name the GSA Foundation in your will. If you Horace R. Blank. A 32-year member of GSA, Blank died in 1984 at are among the 40% of Americans who do not have a will, you the age of 86; his wife and trustee of his charitable trust died in may allow your state to make decisions about your assets. A will 1998, thereby passing a share of his estate to the Foundation. As gives you control of how your estate is settled. After providing as requested, this gift has been added to the Research Grants Fund, you wish for loved ones, you can leave a specific amount of prop- and will be given to the Committee on Research Grants for dis- erty, a percentage of your estate, or “what’s left” to the Founda- bursement in 2000. tion. Pardee Coterie for Planned Givers

THE NON-STEADY STATE OF THE The GSA Foundation’s Pardee Coterie will meet again at the INNER SHELF AND SHORELINE annual meeting in Denver. The Pardee Coterie (co-te-rie, a group of persons with a unifying common interest or purpose) recog- COASTAL CHANGE OVER DECADES TO MILLENNIA nizes those who have made planned gifts that will support GSA IN THE LATE QUATERNARY and its programs. Members of the coterie and a guest usually meet once each year for a meal and a talk or discussion on a MEETING ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS topic of current interest to scientists and supporters of geology. A scientific research conference - November 9–12, 1999 The group is distinctly informal—no bylaws, no officers, no at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu committees. The University of Hawaii, School of Ocean and Earth Science Those who have made planned gifts to the Society or the and Technology, and IGCP #437 "Coastal Environmental Change Foundation, such as bequests, the Pooled Income Fund, charita- During Sea-Level Highstands" are pleased to invite research pre- ble remainder trusts, or gift annuities, have automatically been sentations on any aspect of: included in the Pardee Coterie roster of members. If you have ➥ Changes in sea-level over the late Quaternary; ➥ Processes of coastal sediment exchange, storage and bypassing (erosion and included GSA in your will or are contemplating planned gifts, accretion); please notify the Foundation by calling or by mailing the ➥ Patterns of biolithologic accretion and dissolution (reefs, various bioherms); accompanying coupon. ■ ➥ Coastal environmental geochemical and geophysical processes and records; ➥ Coastal atmospheric, oceanographic, and tectonic events and histories. Abstract Deadline: September 1, 1999 KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS BY Richard Fairbanks Transitions between states of global change Digging Up the Past Larry Edwards Geochronology of interglacial shorelines Kelvin Berryman The many faces of tectonics and its role in shaping late Most memorable early geologic Quaternary shorelines Richard Peltier Global Glacial Isostasy and Coastal Evolution experience: Colin Woodroffe Morphodynamic response of shorelines to interglacials Listening to GSA President Paul Hearty The Antarctic "Wild Card" during late Quaternary sea-level R. C. Moore deliver an address highstands on our “Stable Earth” while A special volume of original research papers is planned the hall was shaken by an Participants are asked to consider submitting a full manuscript in early earthquake. 2000, to be considered for publication. —David E. Dunn Please submit your e-mail and surface mail addresses to the following for additional information J. Kwak, University of Hawaii, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 1680 East West Rd., POST 701, Honolulu, HI, USA 96822 Fx (808.956.5512); Tel (808.956.2363); [email protected]

20 GSA TODAY, August 1999 Donors to the Foundation, May 1999

Claude C. Albritton North-Central Section Shoemaker Memorial Jeffrey R. Knott Memorial Endowment Fund for Crater Studies Konrad B. Krauskopf James A. Gibbs Sharon Geil Candace Kohl* W. Warren Longley Arthur A. Socolow Robert D. Hall Carleton B. Moore Chia-Yu Lu Arndt Schimmelmann Robena D. Robinett Matthew W. Magener Biggs Excellence in Jack C. Rosenau Reese E. Mallette Earth Science Education Penrose Conferences Richard S. Williams, Jr. Peter H. Masson Steven C. Gottschalk Donald S. Sweetkind Larry G. Mastin Lawrence Wu Laurence L. Sloss Award Publications Margaret W. Matlin in honor Robert H. Dott, Jr.* G. H. Cady Memorial Brian J. Swanson of my father, Dr. Donald E. Fund & Award Unrestricted White’s, birthday Bruce L. “Biff” Reed Edward C. Dapples Michele L. Aldrich* Marlene L. McCauley Scholarship Alice S. Allen William G. Melson Doris M. Curtis Memorial Katherine M. Reed* Richard C. Anderson Richard C. Mielenz* Merrill Wilber Haas* Research Grants Thomas D. Barrow* Zoeb Mogri Edward McFarlan, Jr. Eric C. Beam William C. Berridge* David W. Moore Charles Lum Drake Stanley S. Beus* Sofia M. Bobiak Pamela Polite-Fisco International Award Mary K. Johns Virginia P. Byers Peter W. Reiners Kenneth Belitz Donald B. Potter, Jr. Diane Clemens-Knott Kingsley W. Roth Lisa M. Pratt James B. Coffman* Arndt Schimmelmann Shirley Dreiss Memorial Alexander A. Wanek* G. Arthur Cooper Ralph G. Scott, Jr. Kenneth Belitz David M. Delo Charles H. Shultz Marcia K. McNutt SAGE Rodger E. Denison* Betty Ann Lindberg Skipp Warren W. Wood Samuel F. Huffman Paul F. Dickert Bill St. John Farouk El-Baz Fund Southeastern Section Robert H. Dott, Jr.* Alan M. Stueber Ahmed Ali Al Malki Endowment Gus K. Eifler, Jr. Donald A. Swanson Said K. Al-Khamisi* A. David Kendrick Linda J. Fluk George C. Taylor, Jr. Daniel Blanco Reese E. Mallette Sharon Geil Mya Mya Than Diane M. Cozzi Bill A. Goodman Joseph L. Weitz Roy J. Shlemon Mentor Susan D. Oakley Vivien M. Gornitz Mary C. Woods Program in Applied Carol Simpson William C. Gussow Geology Women in Science Robert B. Hall Engineering Geology Russell G. Slayback* Daniel B. Sass Richard Hamburger Award H. Catherine W. Skinner Roy J. Shlemon Scholarship Richard K. Hose Scott F. Burns Fund for Engineering Nobuhiro Imoto Richard E. Gray Geology Y. W. Isachsen *Century Plus Roster GEOSTAR F. Harold Weber, Jr. Isaac R. Kaplan (gifts of $150 or more) Norma Del Giudice A. David Kendrick Second Century Fund Mackenzie L. Keith John H. Weitz

History of Geology Award GSA Foundation William L. Petrie 3300 Penrose Place Arthur D. Howard Fund P.O. Box 9140 Kurt Servos Boulder, CO 80301-9140 (303) 447-2020 Institute for Earth Sciences [email protected] & the Environment Bruce R. Clark* Cathleen L. May* Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______. Occidental Oil & Gas Please credit my gift to the: Corporation* Unrestricted Fund IEE—National Park Other ______Fund Service Internship I have named the Foundation in my will. Please add me to the Pardee Coterie Shell Oil Company list. Foundation* I would like information on planned giving. Carol G. & John T. McGill Fund PLEASE PRINT Christopher F. Erskine Name ______Memorial Fund Avery Ala Drake, Jr.* in memory Address ______of Louis Pavlides City/State/ZIP ______Minority Fund Phone ______Seth C. Moran John-Mark G. Staude

GSA TODAY, August 1999 21 New GSA Fellows

Paul Aharon Michael O. Garcia Scott S. Hughes James A. Nowacki Jim E. Beget Jane A. Gilotti Susan M. Landon Seth A. Stein George W. Bergantz Matthew P. Golombek William M. Last Richard A. Volkert Charles E. Corry Gilbert N. Hanson Ian D. MacGregor Aiyun Zhang John P. Craddock Richard E. Hanson Robert G. Marvinney

New GSA Members

The following 1,000 Members were elected by Council action during the period from October 1998 to May 1999.

Laura K. Aben David A. Benson Dylan P. Canavan Jessie L. Crain P. Evan Dresel Starr Abounader Benjamin Benumof John G. Cannon Colin M. Craven Peter J. Dressel Robert P. Ackert, Jr. Andrew P. Berkoski Hongsheng Cao Matt M. Crawford Mihai N. Ducea Adebola O. Adesida John Bernt Matthew T. Carrano Timothy T. Creyts Christopher D. Duerr Jason M. Ahad William C. Berridge Candice L. Carrell Brian J. Cross Brandon E. Dugan Eltahir B. Ahmed Michael D. Beshore Brad T. Carter Kathleen M. Cummins Tibor J. Dunai Alec E. Aitken Emile A. Bettez Nicole L. Caruso Kevin J. Cunningham Charles E. Dunlap Bryan L. Aivazian Sara E. Bier Raulie W. Casteel Daniel Curewitz Katherine M. Dunnell Abdulwahab N. Al-Hotami Thomas H. Biggs Brian R. Cellura Kristina A. Curry Guillaame Dupont-Nivet Jessica L. Albrecht Amy L. Birkhold Rebecca J. Cerajewski Patrick J. Curry Andrea L. Dutton Carmen M. Alex Peter Birkle Huong Tuong Chai Marcos I. Czako William Grant Eager Deborah E. Allan Heather M. Bittner Joshua A. Chamot Jean-Francois d’Entremont David W. Eaton Douglas C. Allen David E. Black Korey B. Champe Andrew P. Dalby Amy L. Edler Nicolas G. Alvarado Quiroz Kevin P. Blake Allan K. Chan Barry W. Dalkey Katherine M. Edwards Christopher A. Anderson Susan E. Block Yu-Chang Chan Audrey Dallimore Katrina J. Edwards Eric L. Anderson Alexander R. Blyth Dan S. Chaney Donald E. Dalrymple Anne E. Egger Scott D. Anderson Christopher D. Bodle Lynn B. Chapman Thomas J. Danielson Jennifer L. Eigenbrode William P. Anderson , Jr. Robert M. Bodziak Rebecca L. Charlton Saugata Datta Mance L. Ekas Alexandre Andronikov David E. Boerner Kirk Chatawanich Kathleen L. Davidek Larbi El Bilali Sajjad A. Ansari Gerhard Bohrmann Rachid Chedid Caroline P. Davies Scott A. Elias Anthony C. Apanavage Maxwell W. Borella Yi-Liang Chen Eric N. Davis Mary Elizabeth Martin S. Appold Stephanie L. Bosze Zhensheng Chen Janis M. Davis Randolph J. Enkin Terry L. Arcuri Renee E. Bourke Michael X. Cheng Peter B. Davis Mark A. Erickson Martin R. Arford Barry E. Bowman Oleksandr Chepizhko Philip J. Davis Andrew Eriksson Jake Armour Scott A. Bowman Jennifer L. Chidsey Vladimir Davydov Jose C. Escamilla-Casas Gail L. Arnold Roderic I. Brame Blanca Ching Suzanne F. de Decker Gregory M. Etter Jody M. Arthur Allison L. Brandes Brenda J. Chinnery Sarah R. De La Rue Joseph M. Evensen Amanda W. Ash Brian A. Branfireun Don B. Chipley Marcelo A. T. de Oliveira Robin L. Evensen Tristan J. Ashcroft Christopher W. Breemer Roxana Chiriac Margaret G. De Saeger Lewis A. Factor Sheri L. Atencio-Church Tracy A. Brennand Todd K. Choban Charlotte T. Deason G. Lang Farmer Paul K. Atkinson Eric C. Brevik Marzena M. Chocyk- John J. Degenhardt Timothy M. Farnham Zachary D. Atlas Raymond Bridge Jaminski Cecilia E. del Papa Michelle L. Fassell Joseph D. Ayotte Gertrud A. Briggs Kaneen E. Christensen Margaret L. Delaney Josh M. Feinberg Karem Azmy Brook E. Brosi Matthew K.Y. Chuang Patrick G. Delaney Maurika L. Fell Matthew Badiali Fred Brovold Andrea D. Cicero Herminio Delgado Katherine M. H. Fernald Stephen M. Baele Michael A. Brown Jorie Clark Xinhua Deng Justin C. Ferris Lesa A. Bagby Mikael S. Brown Jill D. Clemenich Nicole M. DeNovio Lynne W. Fielding Claudia Balach Nancy E. Brown Jennifer A. Coats Curtis E. DeTore Pedro Fierro James U.L. Baldini Steven M. Brown Hermione A. P. Cockburn Matt Devereux Eve L. Fine John P. Baldwin Chris L. Browne Joshua M. Coder Jorie F. DeVilbiss Lise Fisher Laura A. Banfield Michael R. Brudzinski David V. Colbert Paul J. Dial Barbara A. Fletcher David J. Barclay Ian S. Buick Jennifer M. Cole Brigitte Dillet Tracy L. Fleury Peter N. Barker Robert L. Burger Tony L. Cole Thomas E. Dilley Eric A. Flodin Patrick L. Barnard Adrian L. Burke David M. Collins Kelly A. Dilliard Nicole L. Florin April A. Barnes Kurtis C. Burmeister John E. Collins , Jr. Bill S. Dinklage Natalie P. Flynn Rebecca T. Barnes Kathleen Burnham Kurt N. Constenius Jane Dionne Jonah M. Fogel Michael D. Barnett Douglas A. Burns Bill A. Cook III Craig E. Divine Camille M. Fontanella Sylvia L. Barry Gwendolyn V. Burns Pete Cooke David L. Divine John R. Foster Andrew I. Baudo Sande A. Burr D. Craig Cooper Allen Dodson Peter J. Foster Claire L. Beaney Jim P. Buschur R. Cheston Cooper Tadej Dolenec Shannon K. Foster Randy M. Bechtel Gabe L. Byars Horatiu V. Corbeanu Nancy L. Dollar T. Kenneth Fowler Matthew W. Becker Sandra Cabrera Sean R. Cornell John Donarummo , Jr. Aaron L. Fox Deborah L. Beier Fernando Caceres Jerez Mariana Cosarinsky Robin M. Dornfest Margaret L. Fraiser Juan C. Bejar Robert B. Call Celeste A. Cosby Amy J. Dougherty James M. Franklin Salaheddin A. Belaed Hanna E. Calner Emile G. Couroux Georgina L. Doughty Antony C. Fraser-Smith Peter E. Beland Mikael H. Calner Edgardo Covarrubias Daniel C. Douglass Anke M. Friedrich Andrei Belopolsky James K. Campbell Robert D. Cowdery Chad Dowling Douglas S. Frink James E. Bene Patricia A. Campbell Monica C. Coyne Courtneay A. Dowrick Leah B. Fuller M. Isabel Benito Sean W. Campbell Cindy K. Crain Lydia E.G. Doyle Roger A. Furley

22 GSA TODAY, August 1999 Kevin P. Furlong James P. Hendry Diann S. Kiesel Wendy F. Lowdermilk Lindsay J. McHenry Yael F. Furstenberg Casey S. Hermdyian Eric R. Killenbeck Ashley L. Lowe John M. McIntire Stephen J. Gaffield Audrey M. Hernando Robert S. King David J. Lubinski Jennifer C. McIntosh Eric M. Galimov Jason S. Herrin Sadie Ann Kingsbury Diane C. Luken Bryan J. McKay Chris S. Gallagher Achim D. Herrmann Sandra L. Kinnaman Donald K. Lumm Don A. McKee Joshua C. Galster William J. Hesbach John M. Kipp , Jr. Catalina M. Luneburg Noel C. McKenzie Paul Gammon Neal K. Hess Stephen H. Kirby Sara E. A. Lyle John A. McKervey Jean-Pierre Garcia Christopher S. Hiatt Michael Kirchenbauer James R. Lyons Colin D. McLachlan Lisa S. Gardiner Harald Hiesinger Kari L. Kirkham Elizabeth Mac Innes Angela A. McLain Ervan G. Garrison David J. Higgins Akihisa Kitamura Kelly C. MacGregor Timothy D. McLendon Geoffrey H. Garrison Bretwood M. Higman Steven J. Klick Kevin A. C. MacKinnon Margaret E. McMillan Roberto Garza David V. Hill Ralph E. Klinger Dennis L. Mahar Ronald L. McNeil E. Lee Gatterdam Kevin S. Hill Cheryl A. Klohe Brian J. Mailloux Thomas A. Mead Steven P. Gawne Paul W. Hitchcock Jasper Knight John C. Maki Cashel A. Meagher Cynthia J. Gefvert Brian Hitchon Kim Knight Astrid Makowitz David P. Meaux Christoph E. Geiss Christopher J. Hoard Daniel Koehn James L. Maloney Barbara E. Medioli Michelle C. Geissler Anthony R. Hoch Jonathan J. Kolak Adam C. Maloof Daniel Mege Kaul Gena Mary K. V. Hodges Steven H. Kolthoff Paul A. S. Manning Nathan D. Melear Marius D. Georgescu C. Jay Hodgson Michael E. Konen C. Samuel Manooch Nathan P. Mellott Gregory P. Gerbi Steven M. Hoffman Paula M. Konfal Jeffrey Mariga Matthew J. Melnyk Farshid Ghazanfari Shawn R. Holle Sarah E. Kopczynski Steve J. Markesic Shari J. Mendrick Fereydoun Ghazban Pete N. Hollings Dorit Korngeen John G. Marr Jeffrey W. Menken Shankar N. Ghose Patricia A. Holroyd Ronald A. Kral Adam R. Mars Bernard F. Mercier-de- Susan A. Gibbons Larry E. Holt Christopher Krambis Kristen L. Martin Lepinay H. Daniel Gibson Min C. Hong Scott M. Krauszer Lisa M. Martin Zoe A. Merlino Trevis J. Gigliotti Seung B. Hong Darrick L. Kreischer Diane Loftus Mas Paula Messina Tony N. Giles Karin A. Hoover John D. Kronen , Jr. Jane Mason Sean P. Metivier Mary L. Gillam Brian K. Horton Nathan J. Kuhle Michael T. Maute Elizabeth Veenstra Meyers Thomas E. Gillespie Allegra Hosford Nina Kukowski James H. May Stephen R. Meyers Nicholas A. Gioppo III Sara C. Hotchkiss Arun Kumar Troy A. Mayhew Scott C. Michand Susan M. Glasauer Jeffrey L. Howard Mark S. Kuzila Constance E. McCam- Koreen M. Mielke Margaret T. Glasscoe William D. Howcroft Sanghoon Kwon bridge Mark J. Mihalasky John R. Glew John L. Howell , Jr. Anthony Lacertosa Chris M. McCann Elizabeth J. Miksa Kent C. Glover Shane M. Howell Jade-Star Lackey Jerome J. McCartney Dana L. Miller Daniel Goldman Christina L. Hulbe Nuruddin Ladha Heather W. McCone Rachel A. Mills Jose E. Gonzalez Sara Elizabeth Humbert Leonardo E. Lagoeiro Mantez A. McDonald Drew C. Mirante Sheryl L. Gordon Brienda R. Hunda Christopher K. Lajewski Donald C. McFadden David K. Mitchell Yuri Gorokhovich Emily P. Hunt Darren W. Lamsma Alistaar J. McGowan Kevin E. Gostlin Dickey D. Huntamer Sherrie C. Landon Heidi S. McGrew New Members Darryl E. Granger Daniel M. Hunter Valerie Lane Rebecca E. McGuire continued on p. 24 Christopher S. Green Jill D. Hunter Tom J. Lapen Michael G. Green Hassan A. Hussein Curtis E. Larsen Timothy Greenway Alexander Ingerov Stephen R. Larter Daniel R. Griffiths Liviu M. Iordaches Diana K. Latta Michael R. Grivois Daniel S. Jackofsky Sharon R. Lauffer Christian J. Gross Joanne Jackson Kathryn A. Laukonen Robert J. Gunthorpe Noel W. Jackson Jason M. Lavigne Britta J. Gustavson Dean T. Jacobsen Richard S. Law Kenneth W. Guy Syed S. Abid Jaffery Daniel Layton-Matthews David M. Haasl Kenny M. Jagasia Jonathan N. Leahy Markus G. Hagedorn Nicholas A. Jakutowicz Peter R. Leavitt Victoria E. Hamilton Yun-Deuk Jang Young Jae Lee Brian A. Hampton Eric D. Janness Alison M. Leitch Terry L. Hamrick Deleqiat Jantay James M. Lennon Walid M. Hamzi Nicole N. Januszczak Brett R. Lenz Gregory S. Hancock Igor D. Jaramillo Amy E. Lesen C. Norman Hansen Kim Jardine Keri A. Lesniak Henrita H. Hanson Andreas D. Jazdanian Matthew Leybourne Paul R. Hanson Karen L. Jennings Xuan Li Cheryl Hapke Kian A. Jensen Zheng-Xiang Li Thomas A. Harbour Ganqing Jiang Darlene S. Lim Beau R. Harp Aaron W. Johnson Jene Kwei-Kun Lin Ruth M. Harper-Arbie Christine M. Johnson Wayne Lin Karen S. Harpp Kathleen R. Johnson Lonnie L. Lincoln William G. Harrar Jessy L. Jones Shannon L. Lindaas Lisa C. Harris Larry S. Jordan Mary K. Lindenberg Thomas R. Hart Richard R. Joslin Chuck Lindsay Anne M. Harvey Petr Kadera Sarah R. Lindsay Barbara B. Harvey Kevin D. Kallini John S. Linker Ronald W. Harvey Roya C. Kambin Mike K. Liquori Michelle L. Haskin George D. Kamenov Jingpu Liu Jacqueline M. Hauptman Kay L. Kassube Cynthia M. Liutkus Elizabeth A. Haynes Yukihiro Kato Nicole R. Lizotte Steve M. Heacock Simon A. Kattenhorn Sergio Llana-Funez Elisabet M. Head Bodo Katz Josephine J. Lockett Robert G. Head Yaron Katzir Andrea S. Lofgren Dru J. Heagle Charlie M. Kerwin David J. Lofquist Richard V. Heermance III Victor E. Khain Jennifer M. Lohr Jordan E. Hegedus Mohamed O. Khalifa Bettina L. Longino Heather W. Heinze Riaz Khan Walter L. Loope Catherine M. Helm Kaveh Khorzad Jason D. Loos Paula J. Helm Carrie L. Kienenberger David A. Love

GSA TODAY, August 1999 23 New Members Carmen A. Nezat Mary A. Parke Heather L. Quevedo Elisabeth Ronacher continued from p. 23 Mary H. Nichols Nagina Parmar Oscar A. Quezada Donna M. Roraback Graham A. J. Nickerson Naaznin Pastakia Timothy T. Quigley Andrew M. Ross Walter W. Niebuhr Andrew K. Paterson Laura J. Quinton Dana L. Royer Behnaum Moayyad Kunihiko Nishiizumi Gary L. Patterson Todd A. Radenbaugh Leslie F. Ruppert Bryan T. Moeller Jay V. Noonkester Jeffrey D. Patterson Brian A. Rafferty Peter M. Rust David A. Mohler Anders J. Noren Russell L. Patterson O. Tapani Ramo Richard L. Ryan Michael W. Montgomery Philip M. Novack-Gottshall Irmgard R. Pawlowski Joy M. Ramstack David A. Ryckman Jason M. Moore Jon S. Novick Lucia M. Peabody Harunur Rashid Ty Sabin Laura J. Moore Emilie E. Nyberg Neil A. Pearce Melvin E. Rauch , Jr. James K. Sabshin Paulus B. Moore John P. O’Connor Janna L. Peevler Barry J. Raus Joseph M. Sadlik German Mora Yuet-Ling O’Connor Martha P. Perez Michelle L. Reay Farnosh Saeedi Sven S. Morgan Thomas H. O’Donnell Steven M. Perkins Jason S. Reed James C. Sagebiel Edward M. Morris Dermot T. O’Keefe Heather L. Petcovic Samuel R. Reese Nita Sahai Natalie J. Morrow James W. O’Rourke Shanan E. Peters Klaus Regenaner-Lieb Osman Salad Hersi Lee H. Morse Takeyuki Ogata Stephen C. Peters Raquel L. Reinhardt Karen M. Salvage Christopher S. Moses Yoshihisa Okuda Ivan A. Petrinovic Mark E. Reinhold Vickey P. Sare Johanna J. Moutoux Akiko Okusu Stephen J. Piercey Joseph Fury Renda David H. Sarkisian Geoffrey D. Mowatt Edward A. Oldenburg Geoffrey Pignotta Theodore R. Ressler Peter E. Sauer Christopher M. Moy Karyn S. Olschesky Aranzazu Pinan David B. Reusch Melissa J. Saurborn Wolfgang Mueller Alyssa J. Olson Elizabeth J. Pine Robert F. Reuss Kenneth E. Savko Elif B. Muftuoglu Olaf G. Olson Karen G. Piqune Amanda C. Reynolds David J. Scarpato Lona D. Mullinax Dawn S. Ong Michael F.J. Pisaric Melanie A. Riedinger Erik E. Scherer Donald J. Mullis Shuhei Ono Piret Plink Peter G. Rinkleff Mark W. Schmeeckle James E. Mungall Zenah Wilson Orndorff Eric R. Pogue Bradley D. Ritts Danielle M. Schmitt Christopher R. Munro Alex Ortega-Osorio Molly M. Pohl Carlos A. Rivero Kristopher E. Schmitt John L. Muntean Joseph D. Ortiz Victor J. Polyak James B. Robbins Kerri Ann Schneider Ahmed A. Murad Christopher L. Osburn Kriangkrai Pomin Stephen Roberts ElleMarie Schollnberger Domenic Murino , Jr. Ruth A. Otteman Arron D. Pope William Robertson V Frank Schrader Alain J. Murphy Robert P. Otto Gregory A. Pope Amelia C. Robinson Matthew O. Schrenk Annette M. Murphy Robert Brandon Overstreet Linda D. Potts Sean P. Robson Werner F. Schreyer Kevan G. Murphy Jennifer E. Overvoorde Jon S. Powell Luc Rock Steven R. Schubring Jill K. Murray Johan Pae Kelli B. Powis Joan Rodvang Peter F. Schuchman Albert D. Myers Mark Pagani Jonathan D. Price Andrea Deanne Rogers Michael Schulz Jason D. Nail Anja-Karina Pahl Sarah M. Principato Nickolas R. Rogers Karen R. Schurr Remo Nardini Aimee F. Painter Stephanie Prior Paul D. Rohde Angela M. Schwartz Jerel G. Nelson Scott R. Palmer Shane J. Prochnow Rob T. Rohrbaugh Daniel J. Schweitzer Vesta J. Nelson Alireza Panahi Eriks M. Puris Hugh R. Rollinson Heather P. Schweninger Dennis L. Newell David Jin Park Leanne J. Pyle William M. Roman Ralph G. Scott , Jr. Dave R. Scott-Quekett Kimberley R. Scully THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY Lesley Sebol Daniel W. Sellers DISTINGUISHED LECTURER PROGRAM Feride Serefiddin 1999-2001 Mysore S. Sethumadhav David J. Settles very year the Paleontological Society selects outstanding scientists whose works are on a Kevin M. Severance Ewide variety of paleontological topics for The Paleontological Society Distinguished Saxon E. Sharpe Lecturer Program. Each Distinguished Lecturer has national and international stature in pale- Steven M. Sherotsky ontology, has traveled widely, and has published extensively. Each is also known as a supe- Jason E. Shiflet rior speaker who can communicate the interest and importance of their research topics. This program is intended to make available lecturers for inclusion in departmental speaker series John H. K. Shin or other college and university forums. Jung Ok Shin A list of six Distinguished Lecturers for the 2000-2002 academic year is included below, Elizabeth A. Shinall along with the Distinguished Lecturers from 1999-2001. Additional information is available William G. Shipp on The Paleontological Society homepage at PaleoSoc.org. If your department is interested Zoe K. Shipton in inviting one or more Distinguished Lecturer to your institution, please contact them direct- Lisel R. Shoffner ly. Although financial arrangements must be made directly with each speaker, all Patricia M. J. Sie Distinguished Speakers have agreed to be available on an expenses-only basis. Susan A. Sieczkiewicz The Paleontological Society hopes that you take advantage of this opportunity. Roger G. Sigler Paleontology is a dynamic discipline, and these speakers will certainly convey the excite- Astride B. Silis ment of our science. If you have any questions regarding this program, please feel free to David W. Simpson contact William I. Ausich at [email protected]. Jagmohan Singh Susan E. Sitkoff 2000- 2002 DISTINGUISHED LECTURERS Raymond L. Skelly Dr. Steven J. Hageman E-mail: [email protected] Bruce Runnegar M. Gosia Skowron Appalachian State University Dr. Claudia C. Johnson University of California, Los Angeles Regina J. Slape-Law E-Mail: [email protected] Indiana University Email: [email protected] Kelly J. Slough Dr. David M. Harwood E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Charles E. Sarda Peter A. Slovinsky University of Nebraska, Lincoln Dr. David L. Meyer Auburn University Thomas J. Slusser E-mail: [email protected] University of Cincinnati E-mail: [email protected] Troy D. Small Dr. Steven M. Holland E-mail: [email protected] Christopher P. Smalley University of Georgia Alexei V. Smirnov Cheryl C. Smith 1999-2001 DISTINGUISHED LECTURERS Jon J. Smith Mark D. Smith Prof. Laurie Anderson, Louisiana State University, E-mail: [email protected] Robert M. Smith Dr. Emily CoBabe, University of Massachusetts, Website: http://www.geo.umass.edu/biogeo/biogeo.html Roxanne M. Smith Dr. Kirk R. Johnson, Denver Museum of Natural History, E-mail: [email protected] Sara C. Smith Dr. David des Marais, NASA Ames Research Center, E-mail: [email protected].nasa.gov Taury L.B. Smith Dr. Paul E. Olsen, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Wylie Poag, Woods Hole, E-mail: [email protected]

24 GSA TODAY, August 1999 Wonn Soh Maitri Venkat-Ramani Tracy C. Sole Kenneth J. Vernon New GSA Student Associates Chad C. Soliz Peter G. Vikre David R. Soller Scott A. Wade The following 457 Student Associates became affiliated with the Society Evan W. Spann Hugh M. Wagner during the period from October 1998 to May 1999. Robert N. Spark Jason L. Wagner Russell W. Spears John W. F. Waldron Kathleen M. Abbott Jacob E. Bleacher Peter J. Castiglia James A. Spotila Carl H. Walker Victoria M. Abboud Jeremy E. Blumberg Todd M. Caudill Gregory S. Springer Joseph A. Walsh Sarah M. Aciego John E. Boettcher Michael J. Cavaliere Lori Jean Sprott Hongshan Wang Khurrum Ahmed Ted S. Bogardus Aaron J. Cavosie James St. John Xin Wang Ashraf S. Al-Jailani Max D. Bollinger Carrie A. Cazes Jim St. Marie XueFeng Wang Neal D. Alexandrowicz Alyssa A. Boock Matthew G. Chartier Stephen M. Stacy Nathaniel S. Wanner Kristi L. Alger Melisa L. Borino Raymond S. Cheatham Sherry L. Stafford David J. Ward James R. Allen Gimena M. Bosonetto Joanna L. Chong Michael D. Stallings Stephen E. Ward Ryan P. Allen R. Jerome Bowers Jonathan C. Clark Kerry J. Stanaway William N. Ware Russell S. Anderwald Andrew R. Bowman Lindsay A. Clark Colleen P. Stapleton Andrew C. Warnock Norman Andree William B. Bradfield Luke L. Clark Heidi L. Stauffer Heather Noel Warren Elizabeth A. Anker Patricia E. Brennan-Alpert Sunny L. Cleeton Scott A. Stawarz Lesley A. Warren Angelo Antignano IV Robert A. Bridges Aaron M. Clevenstine Jennifer Sue Steadman Jon L. Warzocha Christopher S. Armistead Veronica J. Brieno Laura A. Clinton Meredith C. Stephens Ryan P. Waters David T. Arnold Camomilia A. Bright Lorrie V. Coiner Nathan K. Stephenson Kelly K. Webb James M. Ashby Jaime L. Brown Kimberly D. Combs Robert W. Stephenson Robert J. Webster LeeAnn R. Atkinson Megan R. Brown Lora L. Combs Ivana M. Stevanovic Amy L. Weislogel Katherine M. Ault Carrie R. Brugger Jana C. Comstock Corinne S. Stewart Leigh A. Welling Jeffrey K. Austin Carrie R. Bruno Ryan R. Cooper Emily M. Stewart Simon A. Wellings Anjie Baker Anna C. Bryant Allison M. Cornett Shawn E. Stickler Micah A. Weltmer Margaret A. Baker Samantha C. Budd Ronald C. Counts Cynthia A. Stiles Steven M. Welzant Sandra M. Baldwin Greg A. Buhoveckey Keri M. Craven Eric C. Straffin Scott F. Wendorf Gregory C. Bank Sheryl Bunting Andrea M. Creech Caroline A.E. Stromberg Donald C. Wescott Timothy C.R. Barnes Benjamin C. Burke Michael A. Crump James L. Stuby Nancy W. West Sarah A. Barnewall Kelly M Burton James R. Damico Andrew J. Stumpf Frances Westall Jennifer L. Barr Ned E. Bushong Todd E. Danielczyk Kerang Sun Eric P. White Mary Rose Bayer Thomas P. Butler Jessica R. Darter Steven L. Sunding Stephanie K. Whitlatch Delia L. Beckman Craig A. Calkins Virginia L. de Long Steven P. Sutherland Jill M. Whitmer David T. Beede Monica Camin Jessica L. DeBusk Karen A. Swanberg Jessica L. Wichtowski Chantelle L. Begay Seth W. Campbell Nicholas J. DeGraff Paul J. Sylvester Marion Wiggins Kirsten E. Benson Dylan G. Canales Carrie V. Denesha Dennis A. Sylvia Ellen S. Wilch Nicole R. Bilodeau Erin M Carlson Emily K. Desmarais Gary E. Tackman Peter D. Wilf Karen D. Blair James J. Cascione Tina K. Takagi Karen L. Willey Laura J. Blake Isla S. Castaneda New Associates Roger P. Tallini Erika L. Williams continued on p. 26 Satoshi Tanaka P. Kenneth Williamson Xianmei Tang Eric S. Wilson Scott R. Tangenberg Matthew G. Wilson Catherine A. Tanner Paul D. Wilson Christine Tappen Sean D. Wilson Anne E. Taunton Stuart S. Wilson Lucius H. Taylor Jeffrey A. Winick Philip Teas Marjorie G. Winkler Rebecca E. Teed Steven L. Winters Maria Luisa G. Tejada Kari A. Wirth Darcy G. Temple Aaron P. Wisher Steve Tenalio Shannon A. Wong Joe J. Termina Sarah M. Woodhams Dennis O. Terry , Jr. Katharine N. Woods Jessica M. Theodor Phyllis J. Wormington Francois Therrien Mark C. Worrall Bret N. Thibault Christopher M. Wurster Lisa D. Thieme Xueming Xu Carol A. Thompson Leslie Yale Gary M. Thompson Kosei E. Yamaguchi Michael J. Thompson Heidi W. Yantz John B. Thurmond Christopher C. Yarnell Anahita A. Tikku Jacob Yates Michael Tischer Aaron M. Yecies David W. Trabert R. Aileen Yingst Holly K. Trembczynski Byeong-Wook Yoo Alan P. Troup Matthew A. Young Gregory T. Trout David A. Yuen Richard S. Trujillo Marcelo A. Zarate Christine E. Turner Kurt K. Zeiler Denzel G. Turner Chris K. Zeliznak Kevin J. Tuttle Lingsen Zeng Yuichiro Ueno Christoph Zink ■ Inga E. Ugrumova Elisabeth Valiulis Martin C. Van Boskirk Daniel L. Van Gent Olivier Vanderhaeghe Jean J. Veillette

GSA TODAY, August 1999 25 New Associates Timothy L. Johnson Suzanne K. Mills Kristina A. Rotundo Stephen A. Tavernier continued from p. 25 Amy R. Jones Marie P. Minniear Sean C. Ruddock Jason M. Taylor James K. Jones Benjamin A. Minx Eric S. Rudisill Alex I. Terentiew Michael J. Jordan Polly S. Mitchell Thomas J. Rudolph Martin J. Terrell Ann Marie Diana Susan E. Joy Michelle Marie Mock Erin Maiya Rust James W. Thill Brooks R. Dillard Tyra E. Kalman Trevor S. Mogg Michael C. Rygel Christopher W. Thomas Aimee L. Donnelly Sara E. Kaps Anna G. B. Monders Dana L. Salleroli Sharlee C. Thomas Thomas E. Donohue Karrie L. Karpinski Stephen R. Moreau James H. Sammons Rebecca L. Thompson Cathleen Donovan Kerry B. Kates Brittany D. Morgenegg Megan A. Sandelin Robert G. Thompson Matthew A. Donovan Heidi M. Keizars Mark A. Mucci Brandy S. Sanders Katie L. Thornburg Elizabeth T. Dooley Rebecca J. Keller Bridget K. Mulvey Leslie E. Sanders Katherine A. Tietsort Kelly K. Dorsey Bryan C. Kennedy Megan A. Murphy Lillian J. Sandler Shauna M. Tillman Ramona C. Driver Robert L. King Heidi H. Natel Frederick L. Saussy Chris D. Townsley Jean-Pierre Dube Alexander J. Kirk Celine A. Negrete Matthew A. Scheeline David S. Tucker Scott A. DuFrane Matthew F. Kirk Whitney Nelson Brian R. Scheidt Henry L. Turner III Pamela J. Dugan Susan Y. Kirkwood Rebecca A. Nestor Abraham L. Schlinski Luke M. Turner Jeffrey T. Dunn Stacy W. Kish Jason D. Nicholas Emily R. Schmidt Kevin S. Umlauf Matthew E. Eads Laura E. Kissinger Jeremy J. Nichols Theresa C. Schoenborn Javier A. Valencia Gokhan Egrihanci Amber L. Kleeschulte James A. Nieman Ian Spencer Schofield Tammy E. Valero Muftah S. Elgadi Elliot C. Klein James T. Nolan David Schultz Michael D. Vanden Berg Linda Elze Gretchen G. Klinetobe Andrew R. Novotny Luke E. Schulze Peter J. Vanden Berg Seth Fankhauser Gretchen L. Koloniar Kenneth J. Nozka Jessica W. Scott Elizabeth M. Vanderburg Cara M. Felton Brian E. Kortz Michelle S. Nylen Sarah M. Scott David J. Vandevort Julie A. Ferguson Erin R. Kraal Christa R. Nyman Rachel E. Sears Christopher J. Vandewater Elizabeth A. Fish Lisa Leigh Kraft Kevin M. O’Dea Katy Eleene Seely Jason C. VanTassel Amanda B. Fisher Jonathan M. Kramer Lorri K. O’Grady Shawn C. Seguin David M. Velozzi Robert W. Fisler Natasha M. Kramer Mary O’Malley Amy J. Selting Dean W. Vestal Heather K. Folsom Michael A. Kreitner Andre A. Obligado Jocelyn Sessa David S. Vinson John P. Foudy Kelly A. Kriner Autumn J. Oczkowski Fidelia O. Severance Brian D. Wade II Kurt L. Frankel Stacy A. Lambert Brian D. Odom Ryan Shaekleton Aaron M. Waggoner Holli M. Frey Ryan P. Lanclos Justin T. Olson David A. Shank Kristi L. Wahl Julie A. Friedman Stephanie K. Landreville Steven E. Olson Jeffrey K. Shelley Danielle J. Wain Benjamin L. Fruchey Nicholas P. Lang Philip F. Ong Michael J. Sherbondy Nicolas P. Walte Catherine A. Gallagher Samantha Langton Andrew C. Owens Eric Shih Nicholas H. Warner Joseph L. Gallucci Eric J. Larson Frederick L. Page Holly K. Shiver Edward L. Washburn Alison M. Garich Ross B. Lawson Isabel Palacios-Amaya Nathan L. Shotwell Stanford R. Weltner Brian N. Garland M. Jeanetta Lee Mark P. Panning Loretta B. Sipes Jeffrey J. Wessel Billie-Jo L. Gauley Wendy Lee Kenneth R. Papp Aven C. Sizemore III Jesse G. White Mandy L. Gaydash Malinda J. Leonard Brenda Paradiso Kathryn G. Skinner Jennifer W. Whiteis Scott A. Geary Mark R. Leonhartsberger Matthew R. Patrick Sara E. Slater Steven J. Whitmeyer Dan W. Geister Cliff L. Lightfoot Jonathan D. Payne Jimmy P. Slusher Scott D. Wickham Julie A. Gilfus Tanya C. Little Jeanne L. Peters Margret E. Smart Jeffrey D. Wilcox Jennifer H. Giordano Ted R. Lizee Shawn M. Peters Ramona L. Smith Eric G. Wildermuth Natalie B. Givens Alberto Lobo-Guerrero Carlos M. Picornell Christi S. Snedegar John D. Wildgust Alex J. Globerson Steven P. Loheide Heather S. Pierce Clayton L. Sneed James E. Wilen Elizabeth R. Goeke Barbara L. Lorenzo-Rigney Margarita M. Pindak Jennifer L. Sommer Brooke E. Wilkerson Erin T. Goelz Eric J. Lovenduski Patricia R. Pitts Justin M. Spanneut Jane K. Willenbring Eric T. Goergen George R. Low Richard “Booth” Platt Anthony B. Spehar Julie M. Williams Frank M. Gough Emily L. Lu Laura A. Pletsch-Rivera Chris A. Spitzer Patti J. Wilson Mary L. Grace Tyrel M. Mack Desiree E. Polyak Robert B. Stanley Shelly A. Witham Natalie B. Grandinetti Andrew S. Madden Dewayne A. Ponds Nickolas K. Starkey Chad A. Wittkop Patricia M. Gregg Pete R. Malecki Katherine A. Porter Maria S. Stefanis Monica L. Wolfson Michael Gregory Lori A. Mandable Paul G. Probasco Brian W. Steffen Christine K. Wong Yvonne K. Griffin Crystal P. Mann Stephaney S. Puchalski Paul G. Steffen Erin G. Wood John L. Grupp Lori L. Manship Jeremy A. Quick Richard N. Steiskal II Mark P. Woodworth Brian M. Guthrie Jeffrey P. Marcotte Abigail L. Quillen Lance C. Stephens Kelly A. Woody Ethan D. Gutmann John C. Marma Cynthia M. Rachol Michael D. Sturdy Aubrey L. Zerkle ■ Kathryn E. Hammontree Suzanne T. Mau Jill A. Ralston Brooke A. Swanson Jay T. Hansen Jack D. May Lucinda M. Ramsey Ryan A. Hanson Thomas R. Mayka Kari L. Rankin Amy E. Harlan Kevin K. McAleer Jeremy P. Raye Analee M. Harris Ryan P. McAllister Kenneth J. Rechlin Christina M Hartman visit Kim M. McBride Amanda D. Reed Jessica T. Hayson Kerry J. McCarney Jeremy M. Reed E. Lauren Hedges Kerry M. McClain John C. Reeves Brad J. Henry Kathleen M. McColgin Kate C. Remmes Erik J. Hiemstra Kurt J. McCoy Brad E. Renwick Michael J. Hilton Carolyn E. McCullough Andrew J. Rich US Emily A. Himmelstoss Melany A. McFudden Kara L. Rich Emily J. Hirsch Phyllis L. McGaffick Sarah E. Rieboldt @http:// Heather N. Hirt Marc P. McGowan Sue E. Riegsecker Elizabeth A. Hoffmaster Alexander S. McKenzie- Tim C. Riley Constance M. Holverson Johnson Koren M. Rinehart www. Michael Y. Horesh Rebecca A. McKnight Nicole M. Ristow Eric M. Horsman Patrick I. McLaughlin David C. Rivers geosociety.org Abby W. Howell Christopher M. McMahon Shellie L. Roberds Bregje Hulscher Christine A. Metzger Jeff A. Roberts Walter I. Hurtado shop the GSA Bookstore Christopher E. Meyer John R. Robertson Rachael L. Huson Cristina Millan Kellie J. Robinson Sarah A. Huson Martha L. Miller Katherine M. Rogers on the Web! Brian M. Hynek Brian T. Milliman Cynthia A. Roller Andrew A. Irvine Julie A. Mills Angelo Pio Rossi Randy Irwin

26 GSA TODAY, August 1999 STUDENT NEWS AND VIEWS only competition is against oneself. This is Kyoko Ohashi, State University of New York, Stony Brook the backbone of the student honor code at Bryn Mawr College, my alma mater. This Student News and Views provides GSA membership with commentary on matters relating to was one of those cases where the conclu- undergraduate and graduate students in the geosciences. The Correspondent for Student News sion I reached was something I’d heard and Views welcomes comments and suggestions, sent to [email protected]. before (although, of course, it makes a world of difference that this time, I came up with it myself). The Best Student My job as student correspondent is to bring up issues and concerns of student readers, both graduate and undergraduate. In June I attended the Gordon ing. No, the professor had not said that Listed below are some of the potential top- Research Conference on Coastal Ocean there will never be another student better ics I thought of when applying for this Modeling, in New London, New Hamp- than him, but did that make much of a position. Any comments on these and any shire. During coffee break one day, I saw a difference? It reminded me of the slight other topics will be greatly appreciated. man walking among the attendees, intro- dismay I felt upon reading the question, 1. If you run into any trouble—be it ducing himself. When my turn came, I “How does this student rank among all strained relationships with professors, or realized he was the chair of the confer- the students you have ever taught?” on administrative snags, are the steps to be ence, Dr. Christopher Mooers from Uni- recommendation forms for college appli- taken made clear to you by your school or versity of Miami. I thought, “He must be cations. (Great, not only am I being com- department? Or would you have to figure ‘Mooers, C. N. K.’” A paper referenced in pared to my classmates, but all other stu- them out on your own? Last spring, my one of my textbooks had been co- dents my teacher has ever taught, and university’s travel office lost my receipts authored by “Wang, D.-P. and Mooers, heaven knows how long he has been from a conference I attended, and thus C. N. K.” I remembered this because teaching.) On the other hand when Dr. could not reimburse me. When I sent a “Wang, D.-P.” is Professor Dong-Ping Mooers referred to my adviser as his best copy of the receipts, they told me that Wang, my Ph.D. adviser. So I found myself student ever, it did not bother me at all, they needed the originals (which, of saying, “You wrote a paper with my partly because he and I belong to different course, they had lost). As I walked in a adviser... It’s referenced in a book I programs and partly because the “student” maze of hallways, being sent from one have....” To which Dr. Mooers replied, in question was my adviser. I did not feel office to another, I realized I would never “Yes, I’ve written several papers with him. myself being compared to other students, have to read another Franz Kafka novel; I In fact, I was his Ph.D. adviser.” as I did in the case of the speaker. Think- was living in one. I realized then that I had been ing about the two “best students” brings vaguely thinking of “Mooers, C.N.K.” as me back to the oft-repeated maxim: the Student News continued on p. 30 my adviser’s colleague at some point, but it had not occurred to me that he or she may have been my adviser’s adviser. Had it ever occurred to me that my adviser had been, at some point, a student himself? I found it hard to imagine him as a student. So later in the conference I asked Dr. Moo- ers: What was my adviser like as a stu- dent? Had he changed? His answer was: “Well, he was the best student I ever had. Extremely bright, very knowledgeable, curious about everything. Would that be how you would describe him now?” Yes. Maybe I’d had a hard time picturing him as a student not because he had changed but, on the contrary, because he had not changed fundamentally since his student days. What left an impression on me in a different way, however, was the fact that Dr. Mooers had referred to my adviser as the best student he ever had. This reminded me of an incident in my depart- ment from a few months ago. Occasion- ally, a speaker at our weekly seminar is a former student of our department. While such a speaker was being introduced one day, one of our professors remarked that he was the best student the department had ever had. While talking to other stu- dents later, I learned that I was not the only one who had been slightly discon- certed by this statement. Here we are, pur- suing our studies, and to be told that this person was the best student our professors had ever seen is not particularly encourag-

GSA TODAY, August 1999 27 Student News continued from p. 27 2. If you’ve ever gone through, or are currently in Remembering the midst of, a job search, what or whom (career offices, personal contacts, professors, etc.) have you found most Francis J. Pettijohn helpful? How flexible would you be in pursuing jobs that are not directly related to your field of study? A friend of Francis Pettijohn, who mine from college, who will soon complete her Ph.D. died in spring 1999 at age program in physics, wants to work in finance. Although 94, had a major impact on my plans for after receiving my Ph.D. are more tradi- the development of sedi- tional than my friend’s—teaching and research—the idea mentary geology in the of working in a field not directly related to one’s degree is last half of this century. His an intriguing one. monograph Sedimentary 3. What extracurricular activities do you pursue? Are Rocks inspired generations they primarily for de-stressing, or a much more signifi- of young sedimentolo- cant part of your life? I go to kendo (Japanese fencing) gists, and his students are practice three to four times a week, and to me it’s worth leaders throughout North the two-hour drive, especially with the national tourna- America. ment and a promotion test fast approaching. I’m also At the 1999 GSA supposed to write my dissertation proposal in a couple of Annual Meeting, the GSA months. This makes life a little more than hectic than it History of Geology Divi- already is, but would I be happier if I had less of research sion will host a gathering or kendo practice in my life? Of course not, since I of his associates, former wouldn’t be doing either if I didn’t want to. students, and friends to remember this unrepen- Student Correspondent Kyoko Ohashi is a Ph.D. candidate in the tant field geologist on Coastal Oceanography program of the State University at Stony Sunday, October 25, from Brook, New York. She received an A.B. in physics from Bryn Mawr 3 to 5 p.m., in the Con- College and her M.S. in meteorology from Rutgers. She also teaches vention Center. a coastal ecology program for elementary school students in Stony Brook. Reach her by e-mail at [email protected]. ■

BOOK REVIEWS

Samuel Howell “Doc” Knight: Mr. Doc Knight was a superb classroom sented following the warm Foreword (by Wyoming University. By Frederick W. teacher and taught introductory geology Jane and David Love) and the Preface and Reckling and JoAnn B. Reckling. University of to thousands of students, many of whom Acknowledgments (by the Recklings). Wyoming Alumni Association, Laramie, revered him. Repeatedly referred to by Part I contains 10 chapters, the first 1998, $22.95 (hard cover), $17.95 (soft alumni are his three-dimensional chalk and ninth dealing with the Knight family cover). talks and his perfect freehand circles on (several members with various levels of the blackboard. He developed an out- geological background), but most concern- ew of us are so fortunate as to make the standing and nationally recognized geol- ing Doc and his achievements, with as acquaintance of a legendary person the F ogy department. He took much pride in much emphasis on the human as aca- likes of Samuel “Doc” Knight (1892–1975) establishing (in 1925) one of the top geol- demic side. on whom Time Magazine bestowed the ogy field camps in the country, in the Part II contains only three chapters: title “Mr. Wyoming University.” Never has beautiful Medicine Bow Mountains Military Letters (to wife Edwina); Reminis- a department of geology and even a uni- (Snowy Range) west of Laramie. cences, Recollections and Anecdotes; and versity owed more to one faculty member. Appointed head of the geology depart- a Collection of Verse by Samuel Knight. The Recklings have contributed a charm- ment (1916) and later (1933) state geolo- The book terminates with a bibliography, ing, well-researched, and well-written little gist as well, Doc organized a successful col- a good index, and a two-page spread about book honoring and memorializing this laborative effort in Laramie among the the Recklings. charismatic “Renaissance Man”; the book geology department, the USGS, and the In addition to describing his note- will be especially appreciated by the State Geological Survey of Wyoming. This worthy geological achievements, the book legions of his acquaintances and former was a major contribution to the field of emphasizes the personality of the man students, but it will also make enjoyable geologic research and human relations. He and his relations with others, including reading for other geologists and historians. established UW’s excellent Geological several university presidents who bene- I had the pleasure of “experiencing” Doc Museum and designed and constructed fited from Doc’s efforts in so many areas of Knight both at the University of Wyoming the life-size copper-plated Tyrannosaurus— campus life. In 1963 the student newspa- in Laramie, where I was a graduate stu- a landmark there. In 1954 he was chosen per referred to him as the university’s dent, and at UW’s renowned geology field the University of Wyoming Distinguished “most beloved and respected member.” camp, and I can testify that the Recklings Alumnus and was awarded an honorary The anecdotal aspects are especially well do a fine job of conveying the accomplish- Doctor of Laws. A succinct chronology of done. As a summer camp alumnus (‘53) I ments and nature of this amazing man. his many other accomplishments is pre- recall his Saturday morning chalk talks,

28 GSA TODAY, August 1999 Denver, Colorado Colorado Convention Center Hyatt Regency Hotel Marriott City Center Hotel www.geosociety.org/meetings/99 Preregistration and Housing due: September 17 Registration and Housing Forms are available in June GSA Today and on the Web—REGISTER NOW!

General Co-Chairs: Technical Program Chairs: Field Trip Co-Chairs: Mary J. Kraus Craig Jones Alan Lester and and and David Budd, G. Lang Farmer, Bruce Trudgill, University of Colorado University of Colorado University of Colorado

Pardee Keynote Sessions (all invited speakers) This year’s program features eight special symposia of broad interest to the geoscience community, the Pardee Keynote Symposia. On Monday, October 25 we will feature:

K03 Maintaining a Livable Earth: Con- K06 Globally Warm Climates of the Early Ceno- versations Among Concerned zoic: Evidence, Causes, and Biotic Conse- Geologists, Monday Morning quences, Monday Afternoon GSA Committee on Critical Issues; Institute for Paleontological Society Environmental Education Scott L. Wing, Smithsonian Institution, Wash- Jill S. Schneiderman, Vassar College, Pough- ington, D.C.; Lisa C. Sloan, University of Cali- keepsie, New York; Susan W. Kieffer, Kieffer fornia, Santa Cruz. ORAL Institute for Science-Based Education, Palgrave, Globally warm climates are an enduring geolog- Ontario. ORAL BROUGHT TO YOU THROUGH THE ical enigma, pitting our understanding of the Selected authors of essays for a book for the gen- processes that generate climate against our GENEROSITY OF eral public concerning the relevance of geology interpretation of past conditions based on geo- SUBARU OF AMERICA, INC. to environmental decisions will present brief logical, paleontological, and geochemical data. narratives to demonstrate that without geologi- Speakers in this symposium will discuss recent cal knowledge, solutions to environmental research that illuminates the possible causes and problems will not be forthcoming. The sympo- biotic effects of globally warm climates in the sium will be an interactive session involving early Cenozoic. extensive discussion with audience members.

BOOK REVIEWS (continued from p. 28) especially the frustration of attempting to Aquifer Hydraulics: A Comprehen- aquifer hydraulics for the uninitiated and, copy his amazing blackboard drawings sive Guide to Hydrogeologic Analy- in subsequent chapters, proceeding sys- depicting the geologic history of a region. sis. By Vedat Batu. John Wiley & Sons, New tematically through various, but not all, He was also an artist with his eraser in York, 1998, $95, 727 p. classical well-hydraulics problems for flow modifying these sequences of illustrations, in porous media. Important analytical his book is intended to serve as a guide leaving us note takers in the dust if we treatments for flow to a well in fractured- for hydrogeologists involved in the wanted complete diagrams! I recommend T rock formations are intentionally omitted. analysis of aquifer tests. The main focus is this book with enthusiasm, and I congrat- A diskette is provided for generating type to present mathematical solutions and ulate the Recklings for a job very well curve data for a few selected solutions. methods of analysis of pumping-test data done. The book does not provide aquifer for determination of aquifer hydraulic test design criteria, information on how to characteristics. As a primer, the book Donald H. Zenger conduct pumping tests, detailed guidance should be helpful to hydrogeologists using Pomona College for data interpretation, or suggestions as commercially available software packages Claremont, CA 91711 to which of the model options might be who would like additional background material. It is reasonably well written and organized, starting with a chapter on Book Reviews continued on p. 30

GSA TODAY, August 1999 29 BOOK REVIEWS (continued from p. 29) preferred in any given situation. This was Terroir: The Role of Geology, James Wilson has written a wine book that not its intent. Unfortunately, in my view, Climate and Culture in the Making is based on sound geologic, hydrologic, Batu has focused almost entirely on classi- of French Wines. James E. Wilson. and climatological observations and rea- cal solutions, many of which have restric- University of California Press (Berkeley), in soning. He presents a tremendous amount tive assumptions, and has ignored many association with Wine Appreciation Guild of geologic detail on the various major recent advances in well hydraulics. Per- (San Francisco), 1998, $39.95, 336 p. wine regions of France; much of the dis- haps a second edition will correct these cussion is based on personal observations, he French word terroir has many mean- deficiencies. including a seismologic study he con- ings and is difficult to define; stated as Allen Moench T ducted, of the shallow subsurface of some scientifically as possible, it encompasses U.S. Geological Survey vineyards in Burgundy. The book is really all the natural factors that go together to Menlo Park, CA 94025 encyclopedic; if there is a certain wine produce fine wines in a given region. This that you are fond of, you will find ample includes not only geology and climate, discussion of its terroir. but also the history of wine grape growing The first of the two parts of the book and the culture of each region. Geologist is a summary that discusses the habitat of wine, or what makes good grapes; the sec- ond part presents a very detailed discus- sion of each of the 11 major wine regions of France: Champagne, Alsace, Burgundy, Aquitaine, Bordeaux, the Southwest, the Loire, the Kimmeridgian Chain, Auvergne- Bourbonnais, the Rhone and Southeast, and Languedoc-Roussilon. Many cross sec- tions and detailed geologic maps and 42 excellent color plates, mostly of vineyards, enliven the descriptions. Wilson explains NORUMBEGA FAULT SYSTEM OF THE NORTHERN PLANETARY PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY all geologic and climatologic concepts for APPALACHIANS THE LAWRENCE A. TAYLOR 60TH BIRTHDAY VOLUME edited by A. Ludman and D. P. West, Jr., 1999 co-edited by G. A. Snyder, C. R. Neal, and W. G. Ernst, 1999 the nonspecialist. Forty kilometers wide and perhaps 1200 km long, the dextral Papers ranging from Earth to the Moon — and stops between After reading the book, I felt that an Norumbega fault system is one of the major structures of the — make this a broad-spectrum volume. The breadth of topics underappreciated factor in winemaking is northern Appalachians. Differential erosion provides a mid- covered in the 17 papers is a reflection of Taylor's interests over hydrology. Drainage is ever so important, through shallow-crustal profile of the Norumbega system, the years, from lunar petrology and geochemistry, to mantle offering insight into the mechanics and evolution of modern xenoliths and diamonds, to Martian meteorites and the especially because French law forbids irri- faults such as the San Andreas. This volume incorporates field, evolution of the solar system. Notable in the first section, gation of the quality vineyards. This petrographic, geochemical, geochronological, and geophysical The Earth, is a paper by Nick Sobolev on the largely overlooked means that the best grapes are grown on studies in a four-dimensional picture of the Norumbega. Three significance of eclogitic diamonds. A second paper by Joe Boyd slopes with sufficient rainfall and the papers describe deformation style and mechanics from deep, is an overview of major-element considerations on the appropriate texture and structure for good intermediate, and shallow segments of the system; they are evolution of peridotites. Other papers in this section discuss followed by two views of how it might continue as far south as topics relating to mantle xenoliths, kimberlites, continental drainage. A too dry or too wet soil does Long Island Sound. Four papers address possible tectonic roles basalts, layered mafic intrusions, and mineral-melt, trace- not make great wine. An ideal soil is suffi- of the system, placing it in context with other northern element, partition coefficients. The Moon section includes ciently thick and has a coarse gravelly tex- Appalachian faults and examining geochemical evidence for contributions by Alex Ruzicka and coworkers on the ultimate ture, with fractured bedrock for the deeply the Norumbega system being a major terrane boundary. Two origin (giant impact vs. fission) of the Moon as determined by papers detail the system's 200-million-year multistage deforma- a critical review of refractory element analyses, by Wayne burrowing vine roots. The truly great wine tion history, and the final contribution examines the possibil- Premo and coworkers on the Pb isotopic evolution of the lunar grapes of Bordeaux are in fact grown on ity that the Norumbega is active today. crust, and by Brad Jolliff on the significance of liquid mounds of gravel. Of course, other factors SPE331, 214 p., ISBN 0-8137-2331-0, $55.00, Member price immiscibility as a major mode of differentiation on the Moon. are also important. The soils should con- $44.00 Other papers in this section discuss isotopic and mineralogic tain sufficient clay and organic matter and evolution of breccias and the petrologic evolution of the lunar CLASSIC CORDILLERAN CONCEPTS: A VIEW FROM crust. The third section, Meteorites and Planets, consists of have the appropriate neutral-to-basic pH CALIFORNIA three notable papers: Carle Pieters on the spectral effects of to provide the necessary macronutrients edited by E. M. Moores and D. Sloan, and D. L. Stout, 1999 space weathering, Hap McSween (with Ralph Harvey) on a low- This unique volume, commemorating the Centennial of the for growth. Climate is of obvious impor- temperature evaporation model for carbonate formation in the tance: sufficient rain at the right time (not GSA Cordilleran Section, gathers classic papers on Cordilleran famous Martian meteorite ALH84001, and Tezer Esat and Ross geology and accompanying updates by leading researchers, as Taylor on isotopic fractionation in the solar system. If you during harvest) is necessary, and sunshine well as selected historic photographs and quotations from study terrestrial or extra-terrestrial rocks of igneous origin, this (but not too much, as occurs in the Cordilleran geologists. Major sections include: Introduction-- book should be on your shelf. regions bordering the Mediterranean) is Past 100 years' history of geologic research and of the Section; IBS002, 277 p., softcover, 7" x 10" format, ISBN 0-9665869-1-3, also critical. Where it started—gold and the San Andreas fault; Plate $89.95, Member price $71.96 tectonics—the Franciscan, the Great Valley Group, the Sierra Overall this is a fine book for any per- Nevada, geochronology, the Peninsular Range and accreted son interested in wine. It is technically terranes; Water and oil—hydrology, stratigraphy, the Monterey SHOP GSA’ S BOOKSTORE ON THE WEB! sound, and the sections on the history Formation, and the California Water Plan; California desert— and culture of French wine making are extension, tectonics, and Death Valley; Modern landscape— volcanism, glaciation, and landslides. An epilogue places the www.geosociety.org especially enjoyable. This book comple- past and future development of California geology in a ments other wine books in that factors historical context. As a new feature, GSA has incorporated an 11 -- 88 00 00 -- 44 77 22 -- 11 99 88 88 affecting wine grape growing are empha- accompanying CD (PC and Mac compatible) that includes: sized, rather than just wine-making. detailed full-color images of the San Adreas fault; animation of GSA Publication Sales the tectonic evolution of the San Andreas system and P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 Robert A. Berner Southeast Asian region; spectacular photographs of the (303) 447-2020 or fax 303-447-1133 Yale University cordillera and related regions provided by NASA; and an Prepayment required. Major credit cards accepted. ■ interesting selection of old California maps. New Haven, CT 06520-8109 SPE338, 504 p., indexed, CD-ROM, ISBN 0-8137-2338-8, $97.85; Member price $78.28

30 GSA TODAY, August 1999 August BULLETIN and GEOLOGY Contents

1250–1255 Origins of honeycomb weathering:The role of salts and wind Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro, Eric Doehne, and Eduardo Sebastian Petrology VOLUME 111, NUMBER 8, AUGUST 1999 1192–1216 Structure and petrology of Tauride ophiolites and mafic dike intrusions (Turkey): Implications for the Neotethyan ocean Sedimentology/Stratigraphy Yildirim Dilek, Peter Thy, Bradley Hacker, and Sidsel Grundvig 1155–1174 Basin infill architecture and evolution from magnetostratigraphic cross- basin correlations in the southeastern Pyrenean foreland basin Paleontology C.Taberner, J. Dinares-Turell, J. Giménez, and C. Docherty 1256–1262 Origin of 3.45 Ga coniform stromatolites in Warrawoona Group,West- ern Australia Geochemistry H. J. Hofmann, K. Grey, A. H. Hickman, and R. I.Thorpe 1175–1191 Origin and diagenesis of lacustrine sediments, upper Oligocene Creede Formation, southwestern Colorado Geochronology Applied to Geologic Processes D. B. Finkelstein, R. L. Hay, and S. P. Altaner 1107–1119 U/Pb dating of detrital zircons: Implications for the provenance record of Gondwana margin terranes Tectonics/Structure Peter A. Cawood,Alexander A. Nemchin,Axel Leverenz,Ayesha Saeed, and 1140–1154 Patterns of imbricate thrusting Peter F. Ballance John H. Shaw, Frank Bilotti, and Peter A. Brennan Paleoclimatology 1217-1232 Mesozoic petrotectonic development of the Sawyers Bar suprasub- duction-zone arc, central Klamath Mountains, northern California 1120–1139 Paleomagnetic polarity reversals in Marinoan (ca. 600 Ma) glacial W. G. Ernst deposits of Australia: Implications for the duration of low-latitude glacia- tion in Neoproterozoic time Geomorphology/Surface Processes Linda E. Sohl, Nicholas Christie-Blick, and Dennis V. Kent 1233–1249 Reinterpretation of the Cedar Ridge section,Wind River Range,Wyo- Errata ming: Implications for the glacial chronology of the Rocky Mountains Robert D. Hall and Cheryl Jaworowski 1263–1264

VOLUME 27 719 Late Ordovician–Early Silurian continental collisional orogeny in NO. 8 southern Mexico and its bearing on Gondwana-Laurentia connections P. 673Ð768 Fernando Ortega-Gutiérrez, Mariano Elías-Herrera, Margarita Reyes-Salas, Consuelo AUGUST 1999 Macías-Romo, Robert López

723 Spike of pyrosynthetic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with an abrupt decrease in δ13C of a terrestrial biomarker at the 675 Hornblende, the continent maker—Evolution of H2O during circum- Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Caravaca, Spain Pacific subduction versus continental collision Tetsuya Arinobu, Ryoshi Ishiwatari, Kunio Kaiho, Marcos A. Lamolda W. G. Ernst 727 Bedform spacing from defect dynamics 679 High radiogenic heat-producing granites and metamorphism—An B. T. Werner, G. Kocurek example from the western Mount Isa inlier, Australia Sandra McLaren, Mike Sandiford, Martin Hand 731 Partial melting of a refractory subducted slab in a Paleoproterozoic island arc: Implications for global chemical cycles 683 Andvord drift: A new type of inner shelf, glacial marine deposystem Matthew I. Leybourne, Nancy Van Wagoner, Lorne D. Ayres from the Antarctic Peninsula Peter T. Harris, Eugene Domack, Patricia L. Manley, Robert Gilbert, Amy Leventer 735 Active continental subduction beneath the Betic Cordillera and the Alborán Sea 687 Large, coherent, submarine landslide associated with Pan-African J. Morales, I. Serrano, A. Jabaloy, J. Galindo-Zaldívar, D. Zhao, F. Torcal, F. Vidal, foreland flexure F. González-Lodeiro Paul F. Hoffman, Ebbe H. Hartz 739 Repeated debris avalanches on Tenerife and genesis of Las Cañadas 691 Volatile exsolution at the Dinkidi Cu-Au porphyry deposit, Philippines: caldera wall (Canary Islands) A melt-inclusion record of the initial ore-forming process Jean M. Cantagrel, Nicolas O. Arnaud, Eumenio Ancochea, José M. Fúster, Vadim S. Kamenetsky, Rohan C. Wolfe, Stephen M. Eggins, Terrence P. Mernagh, María J. Huertas Evgeniy Bastrakov 743 New geologic mapping and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon data in the Peninsular 695 Shocking rocks by cavitation and bubble implosion Ranges batholith, Baja California, Mexico: Evidence for a suture? John G. Spray Scott E. Johnson, Marcus C. Tate, C. Mark Fanning

699 New oxygen isotope evidence for long-term Cretaceous climatic 747 Discovery of impact diamonds in a Fennoscandian crater and evidence change in the Southern Hemisphere for their genesis by solid-state transformation Leon J. Clarke, Hugh C. Jenkyns Falko Langenhorst, George I. Shafranovsky, Victor L. Masaitis, Marjatta Koivisto

703 Shortening and thickening of metropolitan Los Angeles measured 751 Clockwise block rotations in northern Chile: Indications for a large- and inferred by using geodesy scale domino mechanism during the middle-late Eocene Donald F. Argus, Michael B. Heflin, Andrea Donnellan, Frank H. Webb, Danan Dong, Andreas Abels, Lutz Bischoff Kenneth J. Hurst, David C. Jefferson, Gregory A. Lyzenga, Michael M. Watkins, James F. Zumberge 755 Metal fractionation between magmatic brine and vapor, determined by microanalysis of fluid inclusions 707 U-Pb zircon evidence for an extensive early Archean craton in C. A. Heinrich, D. Günther, A. Audétat, T. Ulrich, R. Frischknecht Zimbabwe: A reassessment of the timing of craton formation, stabilization, and growth 759 Late Pleistocene and Holocene meltwater events in the western Arctic Matthew S. A. Horstwood, Robert W. Nesbitt, Stephen R. Noble, James F. Wilson Ocean R. Z. Poore, Lisa Osterman, W. B. Curry, R. L. Phillips 711 Giant protist Nummulites and its Eocene environment: Life span and habitat insights from δ18O and δ13C data from Nummulites and Veneri- 763 Tectonic control of high-frequency depositional sequences with cardia, Hampshire basin, UK durations shorter than Milankovitch cyclicity: An example from the Louise M. A. Purton, Martin D. Brasier Pleistocene paleo-Tokyo Bay, Japan Makoto Ito, Toru Nishikawa, Hideya Sugimoto 715 Correlations between fluid composition and deep-seated structural style in the footwall of the Simplon low-angle normal fault, Forum Switzerland Tim Wawrzyniec, Jane Selverstone, Gary J. Axen 767 Sinking intrusion model for the emplacement of garnet-bearing peridotites into continent collision orogens Comment: Jian-jun Yang, Bor-ming Jahn Reply: Hannes K. Brueckner

GSA TODAY, August 1999 31 19991999 AnnualAnnual MeetingMeeting OctoberOctober 25-2825-28 Denver,Denver, ColoradoColorado

Crossing Divides

We offer: ■ 2,800 technical and scientific papers given in more than 180 sessions on research and applications in the geosciences, education, and the environment ■ 175 exhibits, including resources, gem and minerals, publications, instruments, and software ■ 21 field trips and 19 courses and workshops ■ 12 educational programs for earth science teachers ■ 15 countries represented in the

GSAGSA MEETINGSMEETINGS DEPARTMENT International Geological Survey Center P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 USA ■ 6,500 geoscientists and 20 earth (303)(303) 447-2020447-2020 •• (800)(800) 472-1988472-1988 FaxFax (303)(303) 447-0648447-0648 science organizations participating E-mail:E-mail: [email protected]@geosociety.org Web site: www.geosociety.org BROUGHT TO YOU THROUGH THE GENEROSITY OF Photos by John Karachewski: Large photo shows the Continental SUBARU OF AMERICA, INC. Divide—Sawatch Range, Collegiate Peaks Wilderness, Colorado; small photo taken near James Peak, Colorado. © 1998 Geological Society of America

32 GSA TODAY, August 1999 CALL FOR GSA SHORT COURSE PROPOSALS FOR FUTURE MEETINGS Due December 1, 1999

The GSA Committee on Continuing Education invites those interested in proposing a GSA-sponsored or cosponsored course or - workshop to contact GSA headquarters for proposal guidelines. Short courses may be conducted in conjunction with all GSA annual or section meetings. We are interested in receiving proposals for the 2000 Annual Meeting (Reno) or the 2001 Annual Meeting (Boston), particularly, but not exclusively, in the following disciplines of geology. Structural Geology: Analysis of veins in low-temperature envi- Geochemistry: Geochemical modeling; geophysics- ronments; computer modeling in structural geology; deforma- geochemistry or structural geology–geochemistry; isotope tion mechanisms; fractals; fault gouge studies–pseudotachylites; applications in ecological-geological systems metamorphic processes and deformation strain analysis; tectonic New Mapping Techniques and Technologies: ARC INFO; regimes GPS technologies in geological research; mapping and GPS Economic Geology: Applications of structural geology to min- mapping eral deposits Pedagogy and Teaching Methods: Multimedia for use in Petroleum Geology: Exploration technology; petroleum the classroom; pedagogy exploration and exploitation Proposals must be received by December 1, 1999. Selection of Environmental Geology: Environmental assessment; environ- courses for 2000 will be made by February 1, 2000. For those mental law—geologist’s role; environmental or engineering planning ahead, we will also consider courses for 2001 at that problems associated with karst landscapes, including subsurface time. investigation procedures, sampling and testing—site characteri- For proposal guidelines or information, contact zation; evaluating groundwater resources for long-term munici- Edna Collis, GSA headquarters, (303) 447-2020, ext. 134, pal water supplies; groundwater modeling; Phase II and Phase III [email protected] environmental site assessment; wellhead protection area (cap- ture zone) delineation

2000 Annual Meeting November 13–16 Reno, Nevada Reno-Sparks Convention Center

CALL FOR FIELD TRIP PROPOSALS We are interested in proposals for single-day and multi-day field trips GENERAL CHAIR beginning or ending in Reno, and dealing with all aspects of the geosciences. Richard A. Schweickert, PLEASE CONTACT THE FIELD TRIP CO-CHAIRS: University of Nevada Mary Lahren, [email protected] [email protected] Paula Noble, [email protected] Steve Peters, [email protected] TECHNICAL PROGRAM CHAIR All co-chairs can be contacted at the University of Nevada, Department of Geological Robert Karlin, Sciences, Mackay School of Mines, MS 172, Reno, NV 89557-1038, (775) 784-6610, University of Nevada fax 775-784-1833 [email protected] FUTURE GSA MEETINGS 2001 Boston, Massachusetts, November 5–8 DUE DATE FOR 2002 Denver, Colorado, October 27–30 PARDEE KEYNOTE SYMPOSIA 2003 Seattle, Washington, November 2–5 AND TOPICAL PROPOSALS: January 10, 2000 2000 GSA SECTION MEETINGS NORTHEASTERN SECTION—March NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION—April 6–7, FOR MORE INFORMATION: 13–15, 2000, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 2000, Indianapolis, Indiana. Information: Information: Robert E. Sheridan, (732) Robert D. Hall, (317) 274-7484, Call 445-2015, [email protected] [email protected] the GSA Meetings Department: SOUTHEASTERN SECTION—March ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION—April (303) 447-2020 or 1-800-472-1988 23–24, 2000, Charleston, South Carolina. 17–18, 2000, Missoula, Montana. Informa- Information: Michael P. Katuna, (843) tion: Donald W. Hyndman, (406) 243-2241, Fax: 303-447-0648 953-5589, [email protected] [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION—April 3–4, CORDILLERAN SECTION—April 27–29, Web site: www.geosociety.org 2000, Fayetteville, Arkansas. Information: 2000, Vancouver, British Columbia. Infor- Doy L. Zachry, Jr., (501) 575-3355, mation: Peter S. Mustard, (604) 291-5389, [email protected] [email protected]

GSA TODAY, August 1999 33 CALENDAR

Only new or changed information is 2000 Meetings August 16–20, Second International Confer- published in GSA Today. A complete listing ence on Debris-flow Hazards Mitigation, March Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Information: Ko-Fei Liu, can be found in the Calendar section on March 6–8, 4th Meeting on the Geology of the Internet: http://www.geosociety.org. Dept. Civil Engineering, National Taiwan Univer- Northwestern Mexico and Adjacent sity, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617 Areas, Hermosillo, Mexico. Information: Organiz- Taiwan, R.O.C., phone 886-2-2365-5405, fax ing Committee, Apartado Postal 1039, Hermosillo, 886-2-2363-1558, [email protected]. 1999 Meetings Sonora, Mexico 83000, phone 62-17-5019, fax September 62-17-5340, [email protected]. August 17–21, 5th International Sympo- sium on Environmental Geotechnology September 26–29, Association of Engineer- May ing Geologists 42nd Annual Meeting, Salt and Global Sustainable Development, Belo May 15–18, Geology and Ore Deposits Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Information: Terez- Lake City, Utah. Information: Jeffrey Keaton, (520) 2000: The Great Basin and Beyond, 282-2706, [email protected]. inha Galvão, Dept. de Engenharia de Transportes e Reno-Sparks, Nevada. Information: Geological Geotecnia, Escola de Engenharia da Universidade October Society of Nevada, P.O. Box 12021, Reno, NV Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. do Contorno, 842 October 25–28, 7th Arab Conference for 89510-2021, (775) 323-4569, fax 775-323-3599, sala 104, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30 Mineral Resources, Cairo, Egypt. Information: [email protected]. 110-060 Brazil, phone 55 31 238-1742, fax 55 31 Talaat Ben Dafer, Arab Industrial Development August 238-1793, [email protected]. and Mining Organization, 7th Arab Conference August 6–17, 31st International Geological for Mineral Resources, P.O. Box 8019–United Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Information: Send notices of meetings of general interest, in Nations (10102), Rabat, Morocco, phone Secretariat Bureau, Casa Brazil 2000, Av. Pasteur, format above, to Editor, GSA Today, P.O. Box 9140, 212-7-772600/01/04, fax 212-7-772188, 404—Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil, phone Boulder, CO 80301, e-mail: [email protected]. [email protected]. 55 21 295 5847, fax 55 21 295 8094, [email protected], www.31igc.org. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or can- Dartmouth College is an equal opportunity/affirmative systems (GIS) with laboratory sections. The person filling cellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office one action employer. Women and minorities are encouraged this position is expected to contribute to both departmental month prior. Contact Advertising Department (303) to apply. and university environmental programs. Consulting experi- 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, or e-mail: ence is preferred. The ability to integrate field studies with [email protected]. Please include complete THREE TENURE-TRACK FACULTY POSITIONS ground-water flow modeling at a level appropriate to address, phone number, and e-mail address with all DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY undergraduate students is expected. correspondence. BUCKNELL UNIVERSITY Applicants should send a statement of teaching and The Department of Geology at Bucknell University invites research interests and experience, resume, and at least Per line applications for three assistant professor positions in three letters of reference to: {appropriate position} Search Per Line for each Hydrogeology, Mineralogy/Petrology, and Sedimentology Committee, Department of Geology, Bucknell University, for addt'l month to be filled at the entry-level beginning Fall semester, Lewisburg, PA 17837. Review of applications will begin Classification 1st month (same ad) 2000. A Ph.D. with some prior teaching experience is September 1, 1999, and will continue until the positions Situations Wanted $1.75 $1.40 strongly preferred; ABD considered. Two of these posi- are filled. Candidates are encouraged to visit our web site Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 tions arise due to retirements; the third position results at www.departments.bucknell.edu/geology. Bucknell Uni- Consultants $6.50 $5.50 from an expansion of our program. The Department of versity encourages applications from women and mem- Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 Geology anticipates that it will be housed in a new building bers of minority groups (EEO/AA). Opportunities for Students to be occupied by fall of 2001. first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 Bucknell is a selective liberal arts university with an SOIL GEOMORPHOLOGIST additional lines $1.35 $2.35 engineering program. The Department of Geology offers SCHOOL OF NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES Code number: $2.75 extra B.A. and B.S. degrees in both Geology and Environmental UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA-LINCOLN Geology. Department members value teaching and Seeking candidates for this Assistant Professor, tenure- Agencies and organizations may submit purchase order or research in both fundamental and applied geology. For all leading, 12-month position with 60% research, 30% teach- payment with copy. Individuals must send prepayment three positions, we seek broadly trained teacher-scholars ing, and 10% Conservation and Survey Division responsi- with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 characters per line, who are equally comfortable in the field and in the labora- bility to teach an undergraduate level course in the including all punctuation and blank spaces. Actual cost tory and who complement the strengths of our continuing general area of soil morphology, classification and survey may differ if you use capitals, centered copy, or special faculty (aqueous geochemistry, geomorphology, and and teach a graduate level course on an alternating year characters. structural geology). Given our exceptional location, we basis as well as advise undergraduate and graduate stu- expect candidates to incorporate fieldwork into some dents. Research focus should be on soil genesis or geo- aspects of most courses. Opportunities exist for teaching morphology with possible interests in agricultural and and research collaboration with other departments on urban land use, soil chemistry and mineralogy, relation- campus. In addition to upper-level courses listed below, ship between soil properties, landscape position and Positions Open each candidate will teach introductory courses which con- water quality. Supervise graduate student thesis and dis- tribute to Bucknell's general education program and intro- sertation research. participate in Nebraska Cooperative ductory laboratory courses, which may include engineer- Soil Survey activities including service as a liaison to DARTMOUTH COLLEGE ing, environmental, historical, and/or physical geology, NCSS cooperatives, representing CSD in field soil survey LOW TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMIST and oceanography. Candidates may also prepare intro- activities, and providing scholarly service related to inter- The Department of Earth Sciences expects to fill a tenure- ductory- and senior-level seminar courses or writing-inten- pretation of soils information. Requires Ph.D. in Soil Sci- track position in low temperature geochemistry at the sive courses. The standard teaching load is two courses ence, Geology, or related field. Also requires broad expe- assistant professor level. The successful candidate will be with labs per semester. Ability to teach upper-level rience with, and an understanding of, soil, water, and expected to demonstrate excellence in both teaching and courses in geophysics or economic geology will ecological resources as they occur on the landscape. research, develop a vigorous, externally funded research strengthen an application for any position. Must have advanced knowledge of field and laboratory program, advise student research at both the undergradu- Candidates are expected to conduct and disseminate characterization of earth materials and morphological soil ate and graduate student levels in Earth Sciences. The independent research in their area of expertise and to description. An ability to foster and engage in collaborative earth sciences department has a VG Sector Mass Spec- supervise undergraduate research. Faculty are encour- research is essential. Desirable for applicants to have trometer, High Resolution ICP-MS, and a clean laboratory. aged to seek external funds to support research. experience in teaching, demonstrated ability to work with Candidates with expertise in radiogenic isotope geochem- Mineralogist/Petrologist. The candidate will teach students, and some knowledge of GIS and geostatistical istry are particularly encouraged to apply. upper-level courses in mineralogy and hard-rock petrology applications in pedology. Review of candidates will begin A curriculum vitae, list of publications, description of with laboratory sections. The ability to contribute to September 15, 1999, and will continue until a suitable proposed teaching and research goals, and the names, departmental and university environmental programs will candidate is found. Submit resume, transcripts, and the addresses, and fax numbers of at least three references strengthen an application. names and addresses of three references to: Dr. Joseph should be sent to: Chair, Faculty Search Committee, Sedimentologist. The candidate will teach upper-level M. Skopp, Chair, Search Advisory Committee, School of Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6105 courses in sedimentology and paleontology with labora- Natural Resource Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lin- Fairchild Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 (e-mail: earth.sciences@ tory sections. The ability to contribute to departmental and coln, 303 Biochemistry Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0758. dartmouth.edu). university environmental programs will strengthen an UNL is committed to a pluralistic campus community Evaluation of applications will begin November 1, application. through Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity; is 1999. The appointment will be effective July 1, 2000. Hydrogeology/GIS. The candidate will teach upper level courses in hydrogeology and geographic information Classifieds continued on p. 35

34 GSA TODAY, August 1999 sible thereafter, most likely at the rank of Assistant Profes- Classifieds continued from p. 34 sor. Salary will be commensurate with experience. The Services & Supplies appointee is expected to develop and maintain an active, GLOBAL GEOLOGICAL SERVICES is experienced with responsive to the needs of dual career couples; and externally funded research program, to direct graduate geological consulting to domestic and foreign, Engineer- assures reasonable accommodation under the Americans students, and to participate fully in teaching at the gradu- ing, Geotechnical, and Environmental projects. For infor- With Disabilities Act. Contact Dr. Skopp at (402) 472-9873 ate and undergraduate levels, including courses in the mation on services, contact by e-mail: globgeosrv@ for additional information. introductory non-major program. aol.com or Fax: 909-735-9908. The University of Maryland is an affirmative SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY action/equal employment opportunity employer. Applica- DON'T KILL YOURSELF with the carcinogenic bromides, DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES tions should be submitted by September 20, 1999, for like tetrabromoethane for mineral separation. Use water- FOREST RENEWAL BC ENDOWED CHAIR best consideration and should be submitted to: Chair, based non-toxic high-density agent Sodium Polytungstate. IN TERRAIN ANALYSIS AND FOREST GEOSCIENCE Search Committee, Department of Geology, University of Density ranges from 1.0 to 3.1 g/ml and up to 4.0 g/ml in A Chair is going to be appointed at SFU to provide aca- Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Applicants combination with Tungsten Carbide. Sometu. Phone (818) demic leadership in the application of geoscience to the should provide a statement describing research and 786-7838; Fax 818-786-4343; website: www.sometu.com; province's forest industry. Responsibilities will include teaching interests, indicating how s/he envisions contribut- e-mail [email protected] research, teaching, graduate student supervision and out- ing to the Department's research and teaching activities, reach activities to meet continuing education needs of pro- and a signed current curriculum vitae. Applicants should SCEPTER QUARTZ CRYSTALS -- LIMITED EDITION fessionals working in the forest industry. The Chair will be arrange to have a minimum of four letters of recommenda- PRINT. Traditional scientific illustration, geological art. expected to teach two courses: one in 'Introductory Soil tion sent directly to the Chair of the Search Committee Lorena Babcock Moore, (307) 772-0559. E-mail: iron- and Rock Mechanics,' and the other in a field of forest before September 20, 1999. The Search Committee [email protected]. Website: home.earthlink.net/~iron- geoscience. The Chair will be expected to foster forest- encourages applicants to submit copies of up to two wing/artwork.html. geoscience research projects with faculty and graduate recent publications in support of their candidacy. students associated with the program. The successful candidate will have a demonstrable record of attracting DIRECTOR research funding and a strong publication record. BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY Opportunities for Students It is anticipated that the position will be filled at the Full THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Professor rank, but this will depend on the qualifications of The University of Texas at Austin seeks a Director of its Graduate Student Support Opportunities in Earth Sci- the successful candidate. Candidates will be considered Bureau of Economic Geology, one of the largest research ences, Lehigh University. The Department of Earth and from such fields as: engineering geology, geological engi- units of The University and which also serves as the State Environmental Sciences of Lehigh University has Gradu- neering, or applied geoscience. A Ph.D. is required, and Geological Survey. Required is a doctorate in the geologi- ate Student Fellowships for highly qualified individuals. registration, or eligibilty for registration is APEGBC, is cal sciences, a record of substantial research, and upper- The department has active research programs in tectonic highly recommended. level management and leadership experience. The appli- studies (geochronology, stable isotope geochemistry, low In accordance with Canadian Immigration require- cant must have experience working in a university setting, temperature geochemistry, seismology, structural geol- ments, this advertisement is directed to Canadian citizens working with policy issues at the state and national level, ogy, paleo-magnetism) and surficial processes (low tem- and permanent residents. and obtaining financial support for major research pro- perature geochemistry, geomorphology, glacial geology, Applicants should submit a curriculum vitae, a letter of grams. The successful candidate will have credentials hydrology, high resolution geophysics, and limnology). intent for this position, a statement of research and teach- suitable for appointment as a full professor in geological Please contact Prof. D. Morris, Dept. of Earth and Envi- ing interests, and the names and addresses of three refer- sciences. ronemental Sciences ([email protected]) or see our Web ees. Applications or requests for further information The Bureau of Economic Geology is a prominent page for more details (http://www.ees.lehigh.edu). should be directed to: Dr. E. J. Hickin, Chair, Department research and service institution with a long history and a of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 Univer- reputation for research excellence and scientific leader- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, sity Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6. Phone 604-291-4779; ship. It is a major publisher of geological reports, espe- announces the availability of Sloan Scholarships for Fax 604-291-4198; e-mail [email protected]. cially in the fields of energy and the environment. The minority Ph.D. students in the geosciences. The Alfred P. The closing date for applications is September 30, Bureau operates yearly on an appropriated budget of $1.2 Sloan Foundation and the Department of Geosciences are 1999; the anticipated starting date is April 1, 2000. million, plus $12 to $15 million in grants and contracts committed to increasing the number of African- American, from State and Federal agencies, industry, and private Hispanic-American, and Native-Americans receiving SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGIST foundations. Further details of Bureau programs and orga- Ph.D.s in the geosciences. Sloan scholars receive fellow- UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO nizations can be obtained by visiting the website ship support, three summers of research support, a Applications are sought for a one-year research associate http://www.utexas. edu/research/beg or by requesting a research allowance, and peer and faculty mentoring. Addi- position (with the possibility of renewal for a second year) copy of the Bureau's annual report. tional support through other fellowships, and teaching or in sedimentology/stratigraphy beginning January 2000, in Application, including a resume, letter of interest, and research assistantships is also available. Inquiries and the Department of the Geophysical Sciences. Applicants names and addresses of at least three references, should requests for applications to: Graduate Program, Depart- should have a Ph.D. and a record of independent scholar- be submitted to Prof. William L. Fisher, Chair of the Direc- ment of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, ship. We hope to appoint a person who will complement tor Search Committee, Bureau of Economic Geology, Uni- AZ 85721. Or [email protected] and and broaden our research programs in paleogeography, versity Station, Box X, Austin, TX 78713-8924. Additional http://www.geo.arizona.edu. Earth history, stratigraphy, taphonomy, paleobiology, and position information can be found at www.utexas.edu/ macroevolution. Demonstrated ability and willingness to admin/ohr/emp/. Refer to Job Number 99-06-21-10-0382. Graduate Assistantships at Florida International Uni- teach are desired. Please send curriculum vitae, a state- The position is open until filled, with review of applications versity, Miami, are available for fall '99 and spring '00 ment of interests, and the names, addresses (standard beginning in early fall of 1999. Anticipated starting date is semesters for qualified Ph.D. and M.S. degree seeking and electronic), and phone and Fax numbers of at least January 1, 2000. Salary is negotiable. The University of students in the Department of Geology. Fields of research three scholars who can supply letters. Review of applica- Texas at Austin is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action include geochemistry/petrology, stratigraphy/paleontology, tions will begin October 1, 1999. Address applications to: employer. structure/tectonics, hydrogeology and environmental geo- Susan Kidwell, Department of the Geophysical Sciences, physics. These assistantships are highly competitive and University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, ASBESTOS LAB ANALYST include an annual stipend of $15,000 plus tuition and fee IL 60637. The University of Chicago is an Equal Opportu- EVANS ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOSCIENCES waivers. Interested students should check out our web nity/Affirmative Action Employer. Requires a bachelor's degree in Geology, one year site (http://www.fiu.edu/orgs/geology/) or contact Dr. Polarized Light Microscopy, Laboratory Information Man- Andrew Macfarlane (Graduate Advisor; e-mail: macfarla@ FACULTY POSITION, DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY agement, Report writing, Quality Assurance & Quality fiu.edu) at the following address: Department of Geology, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK Control, and Management experience. Fax resume to: Florida International University, University Park, PC 344, The Department of Geology at UM is searching for a Evans Environmental and Geosciences, Miami, Florida, SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199. (305) 348-2365, Fax 305- tenure-track faculty member who has made fundamental at (305) 374-9004. 348-3877 contributions in the application of geochemistry to under- standing Earth processes. We seek an outstanding scien- STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK tist whose research interests could be in trace element COLLEGE AT ONEONTA — LECTURER and/or isotope geochemistry. The Department of Earth Sciences at the State University Research strengths in the Department of Geology of New York College at Oneonta invites applications for a include the broad areas of mineralogy, petrology and geo- one-year Lecturer position beginning Fall 1999 pending chemistry, in particular of granites and associated mineral- budgetary approval. This is a full-time position in Surficial ization; hydrological processes and integration of geomor- ADS GET Geology/Hydrology. Required qualifications: Ph.D. or phology, hydrology and ecology to understand surface ABD; extensive knowledge and experience in environ- environments; and, isotope geochemistry in support of mental applications; emphasis on quality classroom RESULTS these areas and in mantle geochemistry, meteoritics, tec- instruction, student mentoring, and the application of tonics, carbonate diagenesis, sediment cycling, instructional technology. Duties include teaching courses geochronology, stratigraphy and paleoclimate studies. in support of undergraduate curricula in Geology, Water CONTACT The Department of Geology encourages interdisciplinary Resources, and Environmental Science. To apply: send approaches to the study of the Earth and participates in curriculum vita, statement of interest and qualification for GSA Today Advertising the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center. This this position, and three current letters of recommendation new Center has been formed through collaboration to: Dr. Jerome Blechman, Search Committee Chair, Earth P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 between the University of Maryland and NASA's Goddard Sciences Department, Box G, SUNY Oneonta, Oneonta, 303-447-2020 x153 • 1-800-472-1988 Space Flight Center to advance fundamental knowledge NY 13820. Review of applications will begin immediately about earth systems through preeminent research and and will continue until the position is filled. SUNY Oneonta [email protected] teaching programs. is an EEO/AA employer. Women and minorities are The Department expects to fill this position by the encouraged to apply. beginning of the Spring Semester 2000 or as soon as pos-

GSA TODAY, August 1999 35 1999 ANNUAL MEETING AND galley 36 EXPOSITION October 25–28, 1999

Preregistration and Housing Due September 17 See June GSA Today and Web site for: • Registration and Housing Forms • Technical Program FOR MORE INFORMATION: • Short Courses GSA Meetings Department, • Field Trips P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, • Exhibits (303) 447-2020, 800-472-1988, [email protected] • Travel BROUGHT TO YOU THROUGH THE For more detailed and up-to-date information, check out GENEROSITY OF Technical Program Schedule the 1999 GSA Annual Meeting Web site at SUBARU OF AMERICA, INC. September GSA Today www.geosociety.org/meetings/99 and the Web

edited by Allan Ludman, David P.West, Jr., 1999

Forty kilometers wide and perhaps 1200 km long, the dextral Norumbega fault system is one of the major structures of the northern Appalachians. Differential erosion provides a mid- through shallow-crustal profile of the Norumbega system, offering insight into the mechanics and evolution of modern faults such as the San Andreas. This volume incorporates field, petrographic, geochemical, geochronological, and geophysical studies in a four-dimensional picture of the Norumbega.Three papers describe deformation style and mechanics from deep, intermediate, and shallow segments of the system; they are followed by two views of how it might continue as far south as ORDER NOW! Long Island Sound. Four papers address possible tectonic roles of the system, placing it in context with other northern Appalachian faults toll-free: 800-472-1988 and examining geochemical evidence for the Norumbega system fax: 303-447-1133 Web: www.geosociety.org being a major terrane boundary.Two papers detail the system’s 200-million-year multistage deformation history, and the final GSA Publication Sales contribution examines the possibility that the Norumbega P.O. Box 9140 is active today. Boulder, CO 80301-9140 SPE331, 214p., ISBN 0-8137-2331-0, $55.00, Member price $44.00