Vol. 6, No. 10 October 1996 INSIDE • First International Secretary Named, p. 22 • 1996 Honorary Fellows, p. 23 GSA TODAY • Call for Award Nominations, p. 26 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • Southeastern Section 1997 Meeting, p. 32

Out of the Icehouse into the Greenhouse: A Late Paleozoic Analog for Modern Global Vegetational Change Robert A. Gastaldo, Department of Geol- ogy, Auburn University, AL 36849-5305, William A. DiMichele, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20506, Hermann W. Pfefferkorn, Department of Geology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316 L

ABSTRACT A change to global greenhouse con- ditions following deglaciation occurred during the late Paleozoic. The deep-past data set preserved in the stratigraphic C record can serve as a model system to understand vegetational responses dur- ing this kind of climatic change, espe- cially in the tropics. No other time in Earth history so mimics the late Ceno- FSSP zoic or provides the long-term data set from which generalizations can be Figure 1. Reconstruction of middle late Carboniferous tropical coal swamp showing different plant deduced. Two long-term glacial cycles communities made up of tree lycopods (L, tree club mosses), tree sphenopsids (two brushlike trees above letter S in center and tree scouring rushes), tree ferns (F), pteridosperms (P, seed plants with have been identified in Permian-Car- fernlike leaves; extinct group), and cordaites (C, seed plants with strap-shaped leaves; extinct group). boniferous time. The waxing and wan- From a painting by Alice Prickett, published in black and white in Phillips and Cross (1991, pl. 4). ing of glaciers during the height of either ice age resulted mainly in spatial displacement of vegetation, and also in minor variations in tropical climate. spatial distribution of plants in the the rates, geographic distribution, and Brief intervals of rapid deglaciation at tropics and temperate zones, and nearly nature of vegetational changes can serve the end of the Middle Pennsylvanian synchronous changes in the structure as portents of similar patterns in the (Westphalian) and mid–Early Permian of vegetation throughout the globe. transition to a modern greenhouse (Sakmarian) were accompanied by Although the plants of the late Paleo- world. major changes in plant assemblages, zoic and the geography of that time including extinctions, changes in the differed entirely from those of today, Greenhouse continued on p. 2

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Kay, make more than five photocopies for other noncom- Cornell University, (607)255-4701, fax 607-254-4780, E-mail: [email protected]. mercial, nonprofit purposes furthering science and edu- cation upon payment of the appropriate fee ($0.25 per page) directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Greenhouse continued from p. 1 greenhouse climate, such as the Late Cre- Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, phone (508) 744-3350 (include title and ISSN when paying). taceous and late Eocene, do not reflect the Written permission is required from GSA for all other INTRODUCTION icehouse-greenhouse climate transition. forms of capture, reproduction, and/or distribution of Rather, these intervals of time represent any item in this journal by any means. 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2 GSA TODAY, October 1996 Greenhouse continued from p. 2 time over which these turnovers occurred. change of climatic patterns and greater However, the resolution of time within oscillations in seasonal moisture availabil- tal processes and permitting generaliza- stratigraphic sections is increasing. In spe- ity in the tropics. Specifically, there are tions to be made about how vegetation cific cases it is possible to constrain time much larger areas that experience strong responds to changing climate. The late either in the range of orbital cycles or even wet-dry seasonality. Paleozoic plant record consists of assem- months for tidal sediments. In the near During the Middle Pennsylvanian blages that are preserved with high resolu- future we can expect to find stratigraphic (Westphalian) ice age, the waxing and tion and fidelity (Behrensmeyer and Hook, sections that will allow us to put numeri- waning of polar ice caps and glaciers were 1992; Burnham, 1993) in sedimentary cal values both on the duration of change- represented in the Euramerican tropics by environments representing fluvial, lacus- overs and on intervals of stasis. We cyclical sedimentary patterns. During Mid- trine, coastal plain, and deltaic settings. expect change-overs to be in the range dle Pennsylvanian (Westphalian) glacial Plants colonized a wide variety of sub- of 1–10 ka. maxima, extensive peat-accumulating strates, and communities are known from swamps developed under an ever-wet cli- peat and clastic alluvial sediments. These LATE PALEOZOIC GLACIATION mate. Marine sediments reflecting a wide assemblages provide snapshots in time of variance in climate were deposited during Polar glaciation began in the latest vegetational patterns during both glacial interglacial periods (glacial minima). Such early Carboniferous (Visean-Namurian) and interglacial cycles over the entire ice- sea-level changes are evidenced by paralic and fluctuated in magnitude throughout house-greenhouse interval. Finally, late sequences bounded by transgressive ero- the Permian-Carboniferous (Fig. 2). Dur- Paleozoic tropical plants and plant ecosys- sional surfaces (Gastaldo et al., 1993) and ing these 75+ m.y., two ice ages peaked, tems are as well known as and possibly may be covariant with changes from ever- one during the late Middle Pennsylvanian better known than their Holocene coun- wet to seasonally dry climates (Cecil, (late Westphalian) and the other in the terparts, in terms of their long-term 1990). During the Early Permian glacia- Early Permian (Sakmarian). Orbital-driven response to abiotic stresses (sea level and tions, in contrast to the Westphalian, peat glacial and interglacial oscillations were climate fluctuations). From the late Paleo- accumulation was far more limited and superimposed on these long-term trends zoic record, we conclude that many effects localized in areas of wettest tropical cli- (Frakes et al., 1992). The maximum extent of an icehouse-greenhouse transition will mates. Interglacials of that time period of ice caps expanded gradually over the probably be expressed dramatically in the also were more intensely seasonal than continents, taking an estimated 20 m.y. to tropics. comparable intervals in the Westphalian, reach their greatest coverage. Increasing The late Paleozoic encompasses the on the basis of vegetational and paleosol evidence indicates that each ice age termi- decline of Earth’s primeval forests and patterns (Broutin et al., 1990). nated abruptly over 1–10 ka. their replacement by seed-plant-domi- During the Late Pennsylvanian The extent of polar glaciations (cover- nated vegetation more typical of the (Stephanian), which falls between the two age and ice mass) during Milankovitch Mesozoic. Increases in greenhouse gasses ice ages, Earth may have been warmer cycles has a direct effect on the distribu- during the late Paleozoic occurred over (Dorofyeva et al., 1982). Evidence from tion of rainfall in the tropics by affecting millions of years (Berner, 1990, 1991; coal-resource distributional patterns the pattern of atmospheric circulation and Graham et al., 1995). In contrast, similar (Phillips and Peppers, 1984) and from bio- the latitudinal range and width of the accumulations may occur within markedly facies analysis (DiMichele and Aronson, intertropical convergence zone (Ziegler shorter intervals of time today (Francey et 1992) indicates a generally drier or more et al., 1987; Pfefferkorn, 1995). During al., 1995). However, the time required for seasonal Late Pennsylvanian (Stephanian) glacial maxima, the intertropical conver- changes in plant life might not be signifi- interval with pulselike oscillations gence zone contracts toward the equator cantly different. While late Paleozoic between overall wetter and drier periods. and migrates over a narrower latitude, stages, as defined by plant fossils, lasted These oscillations continued into the Per- resulting in ever-wet conditions within its from 1 to 2 m.y., the change from one mian, with an increasing prominence of area of influence. In contrast, during inter- flora to another (widespread extinction, drier climates in tropical lowland and glacial intervals, the intertropical conver- radiation, and propagation) marks the intermontane areas. Drying continued gence zone expands latitudinally and boundary between stages. We cannot yet migrates during the yearly cycle over a put numerical values on the length of Greenhouse continued on p. 4 wider latitudinal belt, resulting in a

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GSA TODAY, October 1996 3 Greenhouse continued from p. 3 throughout the Permian, and ice caps and peat-accumulating systems were lost (Retallack, 1995). By latest Permian time, compressional tectonics, the oxidation of peat resources, and volcanic processes may have introduced vast quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere, driving global tem- peratures toward their maximum (Erwin, 1996).

LATE PALEOZOIC VEGETATION The beginning of the Carboniferous is marked by a radiation of vascular plants that established five major groups. During the late Paleozoic, ecological dominance was strongly partitioned by the different higher taxonomic groups (see Fig. 1): tree club mosses (rhizomorphic lycopsids) in swampy wetlands; tree scouring rushes Figure 2. Relation between global glaciation and vegetative change during the late Paleozoic in different (sphenopsids) in aggradational environ- tropical environments and the north and south temperate belts. Glacial ice extent, from Frakes et al. ments; ferns, including tree ferns, as weeds (1992), is based upon tillites (glacial) and ice-rafted deposits (IRD). Vegetation distributional patterns in a variety of disturbed settings; and seed are derived from sources cited in the text. M = Mississippian; Pa = Pennsylvanian; E = Early; L = Late; plants (seed ferns or pteridosperms and VIS = Visean; NAM = Namurian; WES = Westphalian; STE = Stephanian; ASS = Asselian; SAK = Sakmarian; cordaites) in better drained habitats. How- ART = Artinskian; KUN = Kungurian; KAZ = Kazanian; TAT = Tatarian; CHES = Chesterian; MORR = Mor- ever, temporal and spatial exceptions are rowan; ATOK = Atokan; DESM = Desmoinesian; MISS = Missourian; VIRG = Virgilian; WOLF = Wolf- campian; LEON = Leonardian; GUAD = Guadalupian. known to have existed—as, for example, peat-forming cordaites and pteridosperms. The dominance of each group of plants in a particular environment distinguishes the Carboniferous from later time periods. By Figure 3. Distribution of the end of the Paleozoic, these patterns floral realms in latest and groups had yielded, through a series Pennsylvanian time of steps, to seed plants, which began to (290 Ma). Northern dominate in most habitats throughout temperate (Angara), tropical the world (Niklas et al., 1983). (Euramerica), and southern Permian-Carboniferous terrestrial veg- temperate (Gondwana) realms can be distinguished. etation can be divided into three broad Continental position biogeographic realms (Fig. 3): (1) the redrawn from Denham and pantropical Euramerican (or Amerosinian) Scotese’s 1988 computer floral realm (Wagner, 1993), the best program, Terra Mobilis. known and most intensively studied, (2) the north-temperate Angaran floral realm (Meyen, 1982), and (3) the south-temper- ate Gondwanan floral realm (Archangel- Major vegetational changes have been includes a “wet” biome, characterized by sky, 1990). These three biogeographic noted at the base of the Late Carbonifer- mire (peat-forming) and clastic (flood- realms were occupied by different plants, ous, within the Early Pennsylvanian plain) wetland vegetation. These are the but the vegetational turnover occurred in (Namurian), near the Middle-Upper Penn- plants typically reconstructed in most Car- all three at about the same time (Wagner, sylvanian (Westphalian-Stephanian) boniferous “coal swamp” dioramas. Less 1993). However, there might be differ- boundary, during the transition from the well known, but present throughout most ences in the timing of turnover of as much Carboniferous to the Permian, and near of the Late Carboniferous, was a tropical as one stage between different climatic the Sakmarian-Artinskian boundary. Each “dry” biome with a flora rich in gym- belts, owing to the buffering of environ- changeover corresponds to significant nosperms and which included conifers mental change by local or regional physio- increases or decreases in polar ice volumes (Lyons and Darrah, 1989). This flora graphic differences and the resulting lag and global temperature (Fig. 2). In all entered the tropical lowlands only during time in vegetational turnover. These major these cases and in all parts of the world, short periods of regional dryness (probably vegetational turnovers appear to be in part the patterns of vegetational organization the result of increased seasonality; Elias, the result of geologically rapid (1–10 ka) yield to increased dominance by oppor- 1936; DiMichele and Aronson, 1992). migrations of groups of plants from one tunistic weedy taxa or, ultimately, to the Mires within the “wet” biome were climatic belt to another. In contrast, slow extinction-resistant life histories of seed dominated by lycopsids and cordaites migration of genera or species over mil- plants. throughout the Middle Pennsylvanian lions of years has been documented by (Westphalian); tree ferns appeared in mires Laveine (1993). These two processes are TROPICAL PATTERNS of the latest Middle Pennsylvanian different in nature and should not be con- (mid–Westphalian D). Following major Each of the floral realms can be subdi- fused. Knowledge of the slow migration extinctions at the Middle-Late Pennsylva- vided into “biomes” characteristic of par- can improve our understanding of biogeo- nian (Westphalian-Stephanian) boundary ticular climatic and ecological conditions, graphic barriers during times of evolution- that reached nearly 70% of the known and each is further subdivisible into land- ary stasis. species (DiMichele and Phillips, 1996), scape units. The Euramerican realm

4 GSA TODAY, October 1996 elsewhere in the world during the Per- mian. The transition from the wet to the dry biome was not accompanied by exten- sive mixing of the component species. Figure 4. Changes in domi- Rather, each retained its distinctive taxo- nance patterns of major plant nomic and ecomorphic characteristics. groups in the clastic swamp At this temporal scale, replacement rather environment of the tropics throughout the Pennsylvanian than a competitive displacement is (late Carboniferous) and earli- strongly indicated. Additionally, it appears est Permian. Data from North that higher levels of ecological organiza- America and Europe (Pfeffer- tion may have spatial-temporal unity korn and Thomson, 1982). and take part in dynamics not predictable from the study of lower level population or community dynamics. The biomic tran- sition appears to have been independent of internal vegetational dynamics that occurred within each biome. The dry biome became increasingly dominated by conifers in parts of Euramerica throughout the Asselian (Broutin et al., 1990). It was not until the Figure 5. Changes in dominance Sakmarian-Artinkskian deglaciation that patterns of major plant groups in tree ferns re-emerged as dominant ele- the clastic swamp environment ments within a vegetation that was char- of the northern temperate realm acterized by a diversity of seed plants throughout the Pennsylvanian (Read and Mamay, 1964). Their re-emer- (late Carboniferous) and Per- gence indicates a change to increased mian. Data from Kazakhstan (Meyen, 1982). moisture availability within the tropics. NORTH-TEMPERATE PATTERNS The Angara floral realm was domi- nated by a lycopsid-rich flora prior to the onset of polar glaciations (Fig. 5). At or near the middle to late Namurian bound- tree ferns dominated Late Pennsylvanian ent conditions. This signaled the begin- ary, the lycopsid flora was replaced by a mires. ning of the breakdown of the landscape low-diversity but widespread flora domi- Clastic wetland habitats were largely between groups of plants. The high taxo- nated by seed ferns and cordaiteans pteridosperm dominated throughout the nomic level at which the data are summa- (Ruflorians) that were persistent through- Middle Pennsylvanian (Gastaldo, 1987). rized in Figures 2, 4, and 5 masks certain out the Middle Pennsylvanian wetlands. Beginning in the latest Middle Pennsylva- patterns at lower levels of ecological Near the Middle Pennsylvanian–Late nian, tree ferns rapidly established them- organization, particularly the persistence Pennsylvanian boundary a further floristic selves as codominants and continued as of dominance-diversity patterns within change ensued, resulting in the rise of dominant to codominant taxa throughout habitats and the replacement of species high-diversity cordaite-dominated assem- the Late Pennsylvanian (Pfefferkorn and on ecomorphic themes through time blages (Ruflorian 2 assemblage) (Meyen, Thomson, 1982). The predominance of (DiMichele et al., 1996). The major pat- 1982); Wagner (1993) suggested that this tree ferns during the Late Pennsylvanian terns revealed by these data are persistence floral change may be coeval with time- followed extinctions in the clastic wet- of communities and landscapes over mil- equivalent tropical vegetational changes. lands that, although less severe, paralleled lions of years, disrupted only by major The pteridospermalean (seed fern) compo- those of the mires. The extinctions within extinction events that lead to relatively nent of the Angaran Middle Pennsylva- the pteridosperm groups were accompa- rapid reorganization and establishment nian flora is the major casualty following nied by speciation that vastly increased of new persistent patterns. vegetational reorganization. The subse- the number of tree fern taxa of the later In spite of renewed polar glaciation, quently dominant, cordaite-rich floras Paleozoic (Fig. 4). pulselike climatic drying continued (Ruflorian 3) have been suggested to be The extinction events at the Middle throughout the tropics into the Early Per- tolerant of freezing conditions. As in the Pennsylvanian–Late Pennsylvanian (West- mian. Continued drying, in part the result tropical zone, the floras of Angara become phalian-Stephanian) boundary induced of Pangean assembly, progressively elimi- progressively more enriched in and domi- a thresholdlike internal reorganization nated tracts of continuous wetland habitat nated by other seed plants (gymnosperms) of the wetlands (DiMichele and Phillips, crucial to the survival of the wet biome. as major climatic changes caused extinc- 1995). The tree ferns that became domi- The exception occurs in south China, tions in, and reorganizations of, the nant descended from opportunistic weedy where a Westphalian-type flora persisted regional ecological structure (Fig. 5). forms in the older Westphalian land- in mires until the Late Permian (Guo, scapes. These plants were well suited to 1990). Seed plants, which were resistant SOUTH-TEMPERATE PATTERNS compete for space and resources in dis- to increasingly dry conditions by virtue of As in the tropical and north temper- rupted, postextinction landscapes, owing both reproductive and vegetative adapta- ate zones, the Gondwana zone had several to their reproductive strategy of producing tions, became the dominant elements in distinct vegetational regions in the late massive quantities of highly dispersible most tropical habitats, even in geographi- Paleozoic (Cuneo, 1996b). The northern- spores, a “cheaply” constructed body (one cally isolated patches of wetlands. The most parts of the Gondwana continent consisting largely of simple parenchyma Chinese “refugium” never served as a cells), and an ability to tolerate low nutri- source for repopulation of the wetlands Greenhouse continued on p. 6

GSA TODAY, October 1996 5 Greenhouse continued from p. 5 conifers, sphenopsids, ferns, pteri- The concept of refugium is elusive. dosperms, ginkgophytes, and cordaites. An area of survival of archaic vegetation (northern South America and North One aspect that has been neglected in (relative to the rest of a floristic realm) Africa) were in the tropics, and fossil most previous discussions is the fact that does not constitute a refugium if the assemblages from these areas are distinctly there must have been glacial and inter- plants cannot migrate back to previously Euramerican. All other parts of the conti- glacial intervals and that the interglacial occupied areas when conditions return to nent were in the south temperate Gond- periods could have been very warm, pro- those approximating the pre-extinction wana biogeographic zone. Major floral viding for part of the vegetational record. environment. Both abiotic factors, such as changes occurred on the Gondwana conti- the lack of clear routes of dispersal, and nent in the Southern Hemisphere at or DISCUSSION biotic factors, such as incumbent advan- near the mid-Carboniferous and Carbonif- tage, can prevent an expansion of vegeta- The late Paleozoic offers the best pre- erous-Permian boundaries. Prior to the tion from a potentially refugial area. Pleistocene opportunity to observe the mid-Carboniferous and the inception of Ultimately, species with life histories response of terrestrial vegetation to short- glaciation, biomes were characterized by and structural adaptations that precondi- term and long-term fluctuations in glacial progymnosperms and pteridosperms. tion them to survive under physically conditions, the ultimate end of an ice age, There is still debate as to the exact timing inhospitable conditions will survive to and change to a global greenhouse. In of floral change, because the onset of attain dominance. During the late Paleo- fact, the patterns of change in the tropics, glaciation may have affected the plant bio- zoic these were almost exclusively groups in particular, appear to be better docu- geography in continental interiors earlier of seed plants. The pattern has continued, mented for the Permian-Carboniferous (Archangelsky, 1990). with subsequent global and regional eco- tropics than for those of today. Several Floristic turnover at the mid-Car- logical perturbation resulting in domi- conclusions and generalities can already boniferous boundary is characterized nance of the landscape by an ever narrow- be drawn from study of these long-extinct by a flora that was made up of taxa like ing phylogenetic spectrum of plants after ecosystems. Nothorhacopteris, which appear to be simi- the late Paleozoic. Within the seed plants, Despite difficulties in correlation, a lar in aspect to forms dominating early dominance has been narrowed largely to case can be made for approximate syn- Carboniferous floras in the tropics. Several angiosperms. Within angiosperms, com- chroneity of changes in plant communi- of the dominant taxa were considered to posites and grasses have become ever more ties throughout the world in response to be progymnosperms. However, recent dominant over wider areas of Earth’s sur- severe global physical stresses. These con- work has shown that some of them were face as a consequence of climatic changes. sequences might be offset in time by as pteridosperms (Vega and Archangelsky, Patterns in the late Paleozoic provide much as a stage because some climatic 1996; Galtier, 1996). Scouring rushes us with one certainty: global warming pre- belts or environments are able to buffer (sphenopsids) and club mosses (lycopsids) sents plants with conditions that are consequences of changes until threshold also were present, but they were small in markedly different from those found dur- levels are overcome. The “recovery” the cooler areas; they grew to tree size ing periods of icehouse climate. The wax- phases following periods of major glacial only in the warmer areas (Peru, Niger). ing and waning of glaciers are, in and of onset or retreat are complex and depen- Ferns were rare or absent. The highest themselves, a climate-mode to which veg- dent on local factors, both biotic (for diversity floras occupied the lower lati- etations become attuned. Global warming example, ability of species to extend their tudes, whereas the low-diversity floras are breaks the mold and encourages the estab- ranges into an area) and abiotic. known from more poleward regions. lishment, quite rapidly (in geological Ecosystems appear to be able to At or near the Carboniferous-Permian terms at a stage boundary; probably on “absorb” regional to global species extinc- boundary, this late Carboniferous flora the order of 1–10 ka), of new kinds of veg- tions below some threshold level. Our was replaced by one dominated by seed- etation, the origins of which are as much data do not yet permit us to pinpoint this bearing glossopterids, large trees with due to evolutionary innovation as to reor- with great accuracy, but it appears to be deciduous leaves (Cuneo, 1996a). Early ganization of species associations. Extinc- less than 50% and probably more than glossopterids appeared suddenly, accom- tions break the hold incumbent taxa have 10% of common species of trees and panied by the extinction of many of the over the resources and favor or permit the shrubs. Such background turnover and Carboniferous elements. The simple vena- establishment of new species, although replacement are visible at the species level tion of these early forms cannot be distin- apparently those descended from oppor- in data derived from peat-forming mires guished from the genus Lesleya that tunistic and/or extinction-resistant ances- and clastic wetlands. When this threshold occurred in seasonally dry areas of the tors. Past patterns, when coupled with extinction level is surpassed, reorganiza- tropics as early as earliest Pennsylvanian recently developed ecological concepts tion takes place and results in a different (Namurian) time in Illinois (Leary, 1980). such as the recognition of thresholdlike dominance-diversity structure. Floras and If actually related to glossopterids, Lesleya responses to perturbation (Kareiva and vegetation in both the tropical and north- would have been at least partly preadapted Wennergren, 1995), provide a basis to temperate regions persist for millions of to a seasonally cold climate of the South- speculate on responses to change. years despite background extinction, only ern Hemisphere (Leary, 1980; Archangel- Although the interactions between vegeta- to change approximately simultaneously sky, 1990) by virtue of its origin in season- tion and climate are complex, they do during a period of glacial onset or ally dry parts of the tropics. conform to some general and recurrent deglaciation and global warming. The Glossopteris-dominated flora per- patterns that exist on different scales in When ecosystems are physically dis- sisted throughout the Permian and diversi- space and time. Recognizing patterns and rupted by short-term but severe and fied in complexity of leaf venation and principles of change at the icehouse-green- widespread perturbations, opportunists reproductive structures. In addition, tropi- house transitions of the late Paleozoic will will have a distinct advantage in securing cal plants appeared in the temperate areas enable us to use this understanding to and maintaining dominance. The low- in response to higher rainfall and due to make predictions about changes to come. land-wetland, tropical Late Pennsylvanian the drying of most of the tropical areas. (Stephanian) is, in some ways, analogous The temperate areas of Gondwana were ACKNOWLEDGMENTS to an extended “fern spike” recognized as clearly not very cold (Cuneo, 1987), cer- the initial recovery phase following the William L. Crepet, Louis Derry, tainly much warmer than hypothesized Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event Robert W. Kay, and two anonymous by climate models (Yemane, 1993). This is (Nichols et al., 1986). reviewers offered helpful discussions and reflected in the successful colonization by

6 GSA TODAY, October 1996 review of the manuscript. We thank T. L. Dorofyeva, L. A., Davydov, V. I., and Kashlik, D. S., Nichols, D. J., Jarzen, D. M., Orth, C. J., and Oliver, 1982, Mode of temperature variation in the late Paleo- P. Q., 1986, Palynology and iridium anomalies at Creta- Phillips for granting permission to use the zoic of the southwest Darvaz: Akademie Nauk SSSR ceous-Tertiary boundary, south-central Saskatchewan: reconstruction of a Pennsylvanian peat Doklady, Earth Science Section, v. 263, p. 81–89. Science, v. 231, p. 714–717. swamp. This research has been supported Elias, M. K., 1936, Late Paleozoic plants of the Midcon- Niklas, K. J., Tiffney, B. H., and Knoll, A., 1983, Patterns by various funding agencies, including the tinent region as indicators of time and of environment: in vascular land plant diversification: Nature, v. 303, International Geological Congress, 16th, Compte p. 614–616. National Science Foundation to Gastaldo, Rendu, v. 1, p. 691–700. the American Chemical Society, the Pfefferkorn, H. W., 1995, We are temperate climate Erwin, D. H., 1996, The mother of mass extinctions: chauvinists: Palaios, v. 10, p. 389–391. Deutsches Forschung Gemeinschaft, the Scientific American, v. 275, p. 72–78. Pfefferkorn, H. W., and Thomson, M. C., 1982, Changes Research Foundation of the University of Fischer, A .G., 1982, Long-term climatic oscillations in dominance patterns in upper Carboniferous plant- Pennsylvania, and the Smithsonian Insti- recorded in stratigraphy, in Berger, W. H. and Crowell, fossil assemblages: Geology, v. 10, p. 641–644. J. C., eds., Climate in Earth history: Washington, D.C.: tution. Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystem Phillips, T. L., and Cross, A. T., 1991, Paleobotany and National Academy Press, p. 97–104. Program contribution #30. paleoecology of coal, in Gluskoter, H. J., et al., eds., Frakes, L. A., Francis, J. E., and Syktus, J. I., 1992, Economic Geology: U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Climate modes of the Phanerozoic: Cambridge, UK, Society of America, Geology of North America, v. P-2, REFERENCES CITED Cambridge University Press, 274 p. p. 483–502. Archangelsky, S., 1990, Plant distribution in Gondwana Francey, R. J., Tans, P. P., Allison, C. E., Enting, I. G., Phillips, T. L., and Peppers, R. A., 1984, Changing pat- during the late Paleozoic, in Taylor, E. L. and Taylor, T. N., White, J. W. C., and Troller, M., 1995, Changes in terns of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation and eds., Antarctic paleobiology: New York, Springer-Verlag, oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982: implications of climatic control on coal occurrences: p. 102–117. Nature, v. 373, p. 326–329. International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 3, p. 205–255. Behrensmeyer, A. K., and Hook, R. W., editors, 1992, Galtier, Jean, 1996, The Lower Carboniferous Rha- Read, C. B., and Mamay, S. 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B., 1990, Paleoclimate controls on strati- Webb, T., III, 1995, Clues to global change: Carbon graphic repetition of chemical and clastic rocks: Halle, Francis, Oldeman, R. A. A., and Tomlinson, P. B., exchange anomalies: Geotimes, v. 41, no. 8, p. 19–20. 1978, Tropical trees and forests: Berlin, Heidelberg, New Geology, v. 18, p. 533–536. Yemane, K., 1993, Contribution of Late Permian York, Springer-Verlag, 441 p. Crowley, T. J., 1994, Pangean climates, in Klein, G. D., palaeogeography in maintaining a temperate climate ed., Pangea: Paleoclimate, tectonics, and sedimentation Kareiva, P., and Wennergren, U., 1995, Connecting in Gondwana: Nature, v. 361, p. 51–54. landscape patterns to ecosystems and population pro- during accretion, zenith, and breakup of a superconti- Ziegler, A. M., 1990, Phytogeographic patterns and cesses: Nature, v. 373, p. 299–302. nent: Geological Society of America Special Paper 288, continental configurations during the Permian Period; p. 25–39. Laveine, J. 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C., ed., Coal appraisal: International Organization of Paleobotany nology, v. 30, p. 27–32. and coal-bearing strata—Recent advances: Geological Society of London Special Publication 32, p. 25–49. Conference, 5th, Santa Barbara, California, Abstracts, Lyons, P. C., and Darrah, W. C., 1989, Earliest conifers p. 21. in North America: Upland and/or paleoclimatic indica- Manuscript received July 1, 1996; revision received ■ Cuneo, N. R. 1996b, Permian phytogeography in Gond- tors?: Palaios, v. 4, p. 480–486. August 7, 1996; accepted August 9, 1996. wana: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecol- Meyen, S. V., 1982, The Carboniferous and Permian ogy (in press). floras of Angaraland (a synthesis): Biological Memoirs, DiMichele, W. A., and Aronson, R. B., 1992, The Penn- v. 7, 109 p. sylvanian-Permian vegetational transition: A terrestrial analog to the onshore-offshore hypothesis: Evolution, v. 46, p. 807–824. DiMichele, W. A., and Phillips, T. L., 1995, The PUBLICATIONS OF RELATED INTEREST FROM GSA response of hierarchically structured ecosystems to Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation during Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a long-term climate change: A case study using tropical peat swamps of Pennsylvanian age, in Stanley, S. M., et Supercontinent (SPE288, $72.50, Member price $58.00 al., eds., Effects of past global change on life: Washing- Economic Geology, U.S. (GNA-P2, $80.00, Member price $65.00) ton, D.C., National Academy Press, p. 134–155. Gondwana Master Basin of Peninsular India between Tethys and the Interior of the Gondwanaland DiMichele, W. A., and Phillips, T. L., 1996, Climate change, plant extinctions and vegetational recovery Province of Pangea (MWR187, $42.00, Member price $33.60 during the Middle-Late Pennsylvanian transition: The Historical Perspective of Early 20th Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America (MWR185, case of tropical peat-forming environments in North $105.00, Member price $84.00) America, in Hart, M. B., ed., Biotic recovery from mass extinctions: Geological Society of London Special Permian–Triassic Pangean Basins and Foldbelts along the Panthalassan Margin of Gondwanaland Publication 102, p. 201–221. (MWR184, $75.00, Member price $60.00) DiMichele, W. A., Pfefferkorn, H. W., and Phillips, T. L., Recent Advances in Coal Geochemistry (SPE248, $11.00, Member price $8.80 1996, Persistence of Late Carboniferous tropical vegeta- tion during glacially-driven climatic and sea-level fluc- FOR MORE INFORMATION OR TO PLACE AN ORDER CONTACT tuations: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoe- GSA Publication Sales, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 cology (in press). 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, E-mail: [email protected]

GSA TODAY, October 1996 7 8 GSA TODAY, October 1996 WASHINGTON REPORT provide a comprehensive plan to ensure development of oceanography science and Bruce F. Molnia technology modeling and simulation pro- grams throughout government, universi- Washington Report provides the GSA membership with a window on the activities of the ties, and industry that will be available federal agencies, Congress and the legislative process, and international interactions that to support military requirements in the could impact the geoscience community. In future issues, Washington Report will present future. The provision would also create a summaries of agency and interagency programs, track legislation, and present insights into national ocean-data and remote-sensing Washington, D.C., geopolitics as they pertain to the geosciences. center to centralize all unclassified, classi- fied, and sensitive compartmented infor- mation databases; models and product synthesis capabilities to support national Oceanographic Partnership Program oceanographic requirements; and a national natural littoral laboratory. The Senate amendment would provide fund- The need exists for a formal mechanism to coordinate existing partner- ing in the Navy’s Oceanographic and ships and establish new partnerships for the sharing of resources, intellec- Atmospheric Technology program for sup- tual talent, and facilities in the ocean sciences and education, so that port of the National Oceanographic Part- nership Act. The Senate amendment also optimal use can be made of this most important natural resource for the contained a provision that would establish well-being of all Americans. national coastal data centers on both the east and west coasts at existing institu- —Sec. 281(4) of the National Oceanographic Partnership Act tions of higher learning with well-estab- lished institutes or graduate schools of oceanography. Differences between the The Defense Appropriation Acts of The program is designed to leverage House and Senate versions will be worked both Houses of Congress contain sections all U.S. oceanographic efforts to the bene- out in conference. directing the Secretary of the Navy to fit of the nation. Membership of the 19- The provision would also direct the establish a National Oceanographic Part- member Oceanographic Leadership Coun- National Oceanographic Leadership Coun- nership Program, a National Oceano- cil would consist of the Secretary of the cil to review the requirement for the estab- graphic Research Leadership Council, and Navy (chairman), the Administrator of lishment of centers for the national cen- an Ocean Research Advisory Panel. Lan- the National Oceanic and Atmospheric tralization of oceanographic research data, guage contained in the legislation states Administration (vice chairman), the Direc- including coastal data centers, and to that the purpose of the program is “to tor of the National Science Foundation, establish such centers as it deems neces- promote the national goals of assuring the Administrator of the National Atmo- sary. The first annual report of the Council national security, advancing economic spheric and Space Administration, the is to be submitted to Congress no later development, protecting quality of life, Deputy Secretary of Energy, the Adminis- than March 1, 1997. and strengthening science education trator of the Environ- The Ocean through oceanographic research and mental Protection Research Advisory development.” The leading proponent of Agency, the Com- Understanding of the oceans Panel, consisting of the Program is Congressman Curt Weldon mandant of the 10 to 18 members, (R-PA), who, with Patrick Kennedy (D-RI), Coast Guard, the through basic and applied would be appointed introduced and sponsored the legislation Director of the U.S. research is essential for by the council in the House. Weldon, who has declared Geological Survey, “from among per- 1996 as the “Year of the Oceans,” was the Director of the using the oceans wisely sons who are emi- assisted in formulating the legislation Defense Advanced and protecting their limited nent in the fields of by the Consortium for Oceanographic Research Projects marine science or Research and Education, headed by former Agency, the Director resources. Therefore, the marine policy, or Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral James of the Minerals related fields, and Watkins. Management Service, United States should maintain who are representa- The rationale for this legislation is the President of the its world leadership in tive, at a minimum, clearly presented in Sec. 281, the “Find- National Academy of the interests of ings” section of the Act which states of Sciences, the Presi- oceanography as one key government, “(1) The oceans and coastal areas of the dent of the National to its competitive future.” academia, and United States are among the Nation’s Academy of Engi- industry.” Advisory most valuable natural resources, making neering, the Presi- Panel Members are substantial contributions to economic dent of the Institute of Medicine, the to be appointed “no later than January 1, growth, quality of life, and national secu- Director of the Office of Science and Tech- 1997.” rity. (2) Oceans drive global and regional nology Policy, the Director of the Office of Earlier this year at the House hearings climate. Hence, they contain information Management and Budget, a member from on the oceans, Admiral Watkins pointed affecting agriculture, fishing, and the pre- the ocean industries, a member from the out that 47 committees in Congress have diction of severe weather. (3) Understand- state governments, a member from oversight responsibilities over some aspect ing of the oceans through basic and academia, and another member to be of federal oceanographic programs. He applied research is essential for using the appointed by the chairman. also showed that nine agencies perform oceans wisely and protecting their limited The role of the council would be to oceanographic research. If successful, the resources. Therefore, the United States coordinate national oceanography pro- new program will ensure that the U.S. tax- should maintain its world leadership in grams, partnerships, and facilities and payer and the U.S. scientific community oceanography as one key to its competi- to coordinate policy efforts of all federal get the maximum return possible for the tive future.” activities involved in oceanographic sur- ever-dwindling oceanographic research veys and research. The council would also dollar. ■

GSA TODAY, October 1996 9 Institute for Environmental ENVIRONMENT MATTERS Education

Interdisciplinary Scientific Opportunities at the Newly Consolidated U.S. Geological Survey and National Biological Service

Daniel Sarewitz, IEE Director Mary Barber, Executive Director, Sustainable Biosphere Initiative, Ecological Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20036 John Huyler, Jr. and Paul DeMorgan, The Keystone Center, P.O. Box 8606, Keystone, CO 80435.

BACKGROUND ing or inadequate; collecting and compil- monitoring and adaptive management ing integrated biological and physical strategies for various habitats. By Congressional mandate, the baseline data are necessary prerequisites C. Non-Indigenous Species. Determine National Biological Service (NBS) has been for successful resource management. invasion dynamics, management implica- merged into the U.S. Geological Survey 3. The USGS-NBS must develop tions, and treatment options for problem- (USGS), and is now the new Biological comprehensive data acquisition, storage, atic non-indigenous species. Implementa- Resource Division of the USGS. This retrieval, and archiving policies that allow tion steps include: identifying problematic merger creates the potential to leverage full utilization of existing data, integration species and vulnerable habitats as defined bureaucratic change into scientific advance of physical and biological data sets, qual- by user needs; prioritizing and selecting by forming an organization that unifies ity control of data, and appropriate alloca- species and diverse habitats for study; previously disparate environmental science tion of resources for collecting new data. defining current state of knowledge for the activities. To help ensure that this potential 4. Many new interdisciplinary initia- selected species and habitats; undertaking is fulfilled, the Geological Society of Amer- tives can combine, build on, and leverage targeted research in conjunction with ica, Ecological Society of America, and existing USGS and NBS programs. users and DOI clients; developing treat- Keystone Center sponsored two regional 5. The USGS-NBS should cultivate ment options and monitoring approaches workshops to identify new interdisci- effective lines of communication and in cooperation with appropriate partners. plinary scientific opportunities relevant maintain strong ties with the NBS client D. Species Distribution: Identification to the mission of the newly consolidated community (federal, state, local, non- and Density of Organisms—Systematics. Sup- USGS and NBS, especially in the context profit, and private sector), in order to port acquisition of baseline data, surveys of the Department of Interior’s (DOI) trust ensure the success of the merger. of the distribution and density of critical responsibilities for land and resource man- species and habitats, training of systema- agement. Achievement of this mission may PROPOSED INITIATIVES tists, and involvement of the systematics depend on the development of a frame- I. Scientific Needs and Opportunities community to enhance productivity and work for scientific investigation and Numerous high-priority interdisci- efficiency. USGS should serve as a clearing information management that integrates plinary scientific initiatives relevant to house for distribution and density infor- knowledge on biological, physical, and the mission of the merged USGS and NBS mation, and incorporate these data into socioeconomic processes and forces. were identified during the workshop; georeferenced meta-databases. This report summarizes the results these are grouped into the following seven E. Natural and Altered Biogeochemical and findings of the first workshop, held in categories. Order of presentation is not Cycling. Determine impacts of major land Washington, D.C., on June 4 and 5, 1996. meant to imply relative priority among uses (e.g., grazing, mining, logging, recre- Workshop participants included scientists the initiatives. ation) on local and regional biogeochemi- and natural resource managers from a A. Restoration. Provide leadership for cal cycles, especially water, carbon, nitro- wide range of sectors including academia, setting restoration goals, monitoring goal gen, and phosphorus. Evaluate impacts of nonprofit organizations, private compa- achievement, synthesizing results, and various land uses on a range of habitats nies, state and federal agencies that work applying results to future action (i.e., (e.g., hydrogeologic, vegetative, soil), and with the USGS and NBS, and the USGS adaptive management). Work with willing evaluate existing best management prac- and NBS themselves. partners to choose a diverse set of pilot tices for each of these habitats. sites to demonstrate how to: select sites F. Implications of Physical and Ecological OVERARCHING ISSUES (in a landscape perspective); assess poten- Boundaries on Ecosystem Management. Rapid Five overarching issues emerged that tial ecological states; set restoration goals rates of ecological change may be concen- are pertinent to the initiatives developed (i.e., define desired ecological state); iden- trated at ecosystem, geomorphic, geologic, at the workshop. tify information needs; conduct monitor- and/or hydrologic boundaries. Ecological 1. The combined USGS-NBS should ing; and evaluate results. Use results from and physical processes at these boundaries recognize adaptive resource management demonstration projects to provide “lessons may have cascading (controlling) effects as a guiding principle. Adaptive resource learned” to a broad audience of potential on each “side” of the boundary. Proper management is an iterative procedure that users. management of the contiguous systems incorporates goal setting, management, B. Sustainability. For high-use terres- of interest (e.g., stream and riparian zones) monitoring, and assessment in a process trial habitats, define thresholds beyond requires knowledge of boundary processes, that leads simultaneously to improved which systems are no longer resistant or provided by interdisciplinary teams of sci- understanding of ecosystem dynamics and resilient. Implementation steps include: entists, and the integration of data sets improved resource management through identifying a diverse set of at-risk habitats; that have traditionally been collected and time. synthesizing current data and conducting analyzed separately. 2. Baseline data on the state of ecosys- needed research to define habitat-specific tems and watersheds are commonly lack- thresholds; recommending long-term IEE continued on p. 11

10 GSA TODAY, October 1996 IEE continued from p. 10 A. Monitoring. Develop a conceptual design and pilot effort for a robust moni- Sub-initiative on buffer strips: Define toring approach for biological and physi- 1997 John C. Frye habitat-specific spatial scale of buffer strips cal attributes of terrestrial and aquatic sys- Environmental and conditions where they can be effec- tems. Identify current monitoring sites tive for resource protection, versus those and systems—what data already exist? Geology Award where they are inappropriate or ineffec- Augment or enhance current efforts as tive. Prioritize information needs and appropriate. Monitoring programs should In cooperation with the Association undertake targeted research, including be designed for the following systems: of American State Geologists (AASG), monitoring, to improve the state of aquatic and riparian (augment National GSA makes an annual award for the best knowledge and develop improved guide- Water-Quality Assessment Program); truly paper on environmental geology pub- lines for the use of buffers. terrestrial; marine (continental margins). lished either by GSA or by one of the G. Evaluating Multiple Stressors: Ecologi- B. Spatial Distribution of Biological and state geological surveys. The award is a cal Risk Assessment and Ecosystem Modeling. Physical Attributes. Develop a national spa- $1000 cash prize from the endowment Land and resource managers lack informa- tial database as a repository and clearing- income of the GSA Foundation’s John C. tion on the biological and physical modi- house for geo-referenced biological, chem- Frye Memorial Fund. fications of the environment, or stressors, ical, and physical data (existing and newly The 1997 award will be presented that affect their resource responsibilities; acquired). The database should be devel- at the autumn AASG meeting to be held on the potential impacts of each of these oped at an appropriate scale for determin- during the GSA Annual Meeting in Salt stressors; and on the combined impacts of ing geographic distributions of species and Lake City. multiple stressors. Techniques for stressor communities and the physical and chemi- analysis should be formalized to create cal factors that influence distribution. The Criteria for Nomination ecological risk assessment methodologies database can be used to track ecological Nominations can be made by any- that can weigh the comparative risks from changes, define critical conservation one, on the basis of the following criteria: diverse and multiple stressors, in light of needs, and test predictive models for (1) paper must be selected from land and resource management practices species distribution and ecosystem GSA or state geological survey publica- and policies. Modeling of ecosystem evo- evolution. tions, (2) paper must be selected from lution can allow resource managers to C. In-Stream Flow Methodologies. those published during the preceding anticipate how particular kinds of ecosys- Develop in-stream flow methodologies three full calendar years, (3) nomination tems will respond to interactions between that address local hydrologic and physio- must include a paragraph stating the natural factors and human activities, to graphic conditions and the various uses of pertinence of the paper, (4) nomina- identify systems at risk from particular streams and rivers. Implementation steps tions must be sent to Executive stressors, and to set priorities for manage- include: identifying basic data needs; iden- Director, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boul- ment practices. Model validation requires tifying various uses of streams and rivers der, CO 80301. Deadline: March 31, integration of data gathered via broad- (e.g., water supply, habitat protection, 1997. scale monitoring, remote sensing, and flood control, recreation); reviewing process-based, site-specific research, under- existing methodologies; developing Basis for Selection taken as part of adaptive management new regional methodologies as necessary; Each nominated paper will be strategies. designing monitoring programs to assess judged on the uniqueness or significance success or failure of various methodolo- as a model of its type of work and report II. Tools and Technologies gies; modifying methodologies on the and its overall worthiness for the award. Workshop participants identified basis of monitoring results. ■ In addition, nominated papers must three high-priority initiatives for data establish an environmental problem or collection and management relevant to need, provide substantive information the agency mission. on the basic geology or geologic process pertinent to the problem, relate the geol- ogy to the problem or need, suggest Workshop Participants solutions or provide appropriate land use recommendations based on the geology, Jane Belnap, National Biological Service Edgar Lowe, St. Johns River Water Management present the information in a manner that Paul Brouha, American Fisheries Society District (Fl.) is understandable and directly usable by Cheryl Ann Butman, Woods Hole Oceanographic William Michener, Joseph W. Jones Ecological geologists, and address the environmen- Institute Research Center (Ga.) tal need or resolve the problem. It is pre- Sarah Gerould, U.S. Geological Survey Nancy Morin, Missouri Botanical Garden ferred that the paper be directly applica- David Graber, National Biological Service Thomas Muir, National Biological Service ble by informed laypersons (e.g., Clifford Greve, Science Applications International Margaret Palmer, University of Maryland planners, engineers). Corp. Richard Poore, U.S. Geological Survey David Hart, Academy of Natural Sciences Karen Prestegaard, University of Maryland John Haugh, Bureau of Land Management Maureen Raymo, Massachusetts Institute of 1996 Award Recipient Named Robert Hirsch, U.S. Geological Survey Technology The 1996 award will be presented Harry Hodgdon, Wildlife Society James Reichman, National Biological Service at the GSA Annual Meeting in Denver George Hornberger, University of Virginia Kenneth Turgeon, Minerals Management Service to Steven Slaff for his report “Down-to- Dave Kirtland, U.S. Geological Survey Alfred Vang, South Carolina Dept. of Natural Earth Series 3, Land Subsidence and Richard Kropp, New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Resources Earth Fissures in Arizona.” The report Protection Kenneth Williams, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service gives scientifically sound geologic detail John Lehman, University of Michigan E-an Zen, University of Maryland of an increasingly serious environmental Steve Lewis, Exxon Biomedical Sciences problem which is applicable to many This series of workshops was supported in part by contributions from the Exxon Corporation, parts of our nation and is easily under- the Campini Foundation, the Bullitt Foundation, the Minerals Management Service, and Michel T. stood by laypersons. Halbouty.

GSA TODAY, October 1996 11 GSAF UPDATE

Robert L. Fuchs News of the Second Century Fund Membership Campaign

Past President Silver Leads Caswell to serve as the founding chair of is practicing what he has preached for Cordilleran Section the Foundation and to provide important over 20 years, to GSA’s lasting benefit.” seed money by making the first major Former GSA President Leon T. Silver individual contribution. Timing is Everything—Make Your has replaced William R. Dickinson as One of our science’s most active and SCF Pledge Soon Second Century Fund chair for the visible geologists, Silver has been a partici- Cordilleran Section. Dickinson will be We hope that if you are not already a pant in countless committees, working out of the United States for a considerable contributor to the membership campaign, teams, and advisory groups of many time during the next two years, which pre- you will seriously consider a pledge this national and international organizations, cludes giving the Section campaign the year. There is also good reason to do this including the National Academy of Sci- time it requires. Silver has recently retired before or at the Denver annual meeting. ences, National Research Council, NASA, from his position as the W. M. Keck Foun- Donors to the membership campaign at and National Science Foundation. dation Professor for Resource Geology at the $250 or higher level are eligible for a Although his long record of service span- the California Institute of Technology and drawing that will be held during the meet- ning nearly 35 years already ranks him as a result will be able to devote time to ing. A number of valuable prizes will be among the most dedicated of GSA’s mem- the membership campaign during the awarded, topped by one of GSA’s popular bers, Silver continues to demonstrate his coming months. GeoHostels. Other awards include books, strong sense of responsibility for the well- Silver was deeply involved in estab- software, and journal subscriptions. This being of GSA and geology. In a recent dis- lishing the Foundation, pointing out as a array of gifts has been made possible cussion with President Eldridge Moores, Councilor and Budget Committee Chair as through the generosity of annual meeting Silver expressed the view that GSA Past early as 1976 that GSA’s financial reserves, exhibitors, including Blackwell Scientific Presidents should play a more active role in its second century, needed to be Publications, Earth’nWare, Mountain Press in the Society. Now he has backed up his increased and that new endowment funds Publishing Company, Numerical Algo- words by assuming this important should be obtained. During his term as rithms Group, Kalmbach Publishing, and Cordilleran Section job. Moores noted President in 1979, he actively promoted University of Chicago Press. So don’t put that, “When I asked Lee Silver how the and supported the Centennial Develop- off until tomorrow what you should do experience of Past Presidents could be best ment Committee, the forerunner of the today. ■ utilized, he replied ‘in raising money.’ GSA Foundation. Silver was also instru- By taking the Cordilleran SCF chair, he mental in convincing his older brother

Next Pardee Coterie Meeting is October 30 Visit GSAF on the The Pardee Coterie, the gathering of aspects of the SAGE program and the GSA Foundation planned givers, will meet newly developing Earth-Space Center. World Wide Web again this year during the annual meeting. The Pardee Coterie is open to any The 1996 breakfast meeting will be held who have made planned gifts to GSA. This The GSA Foundation can now at the venerable Brown Palace Hotel, a includes bequests, charitable remainder be found within the GSA home page hostelry that, like GSA, is now in its sec- trusts, charitable gift annuities, and the on the World Wide Web. You can find ond century. The date is October 30 at Foundation’s Pooled Income Fund. Con- us at http://www.geosociety.org by 9:00 a.m. GSA President Eldridge Moores tact the Foundation office by phoning or clicking on the GSA Foundation link. will speak about current Society develop- sending an E-mail or the accompanying You will learn how you can help ments, and Education Coordinator Ed coupon to get further information. ■ advance the science of geology Geary will cover the many dynamic through a gift to the Second Century Fund or the Foundation’s annual cam- paign. Or learn about various planned giving instruments, if you are consid- It’s Really Not Too Early To . . . . ering making a larger gift or looking for retirement income. You can even It’s really not too early to think about tions, give thought to bunching your send us a direct E-mail message, right maximizing your 1996 charitable deduc- deductions in the current year to increase off the Web! Julie Wetterholt, Second tions, and minimizing your income taxes. 1996 deductions above the standard Century Fund Campaign Coordinator, Next month’s GSAF Update will deal in threshold. This can be done by pre-paying commented, “The Foundation is very more detail with this topic, but a few ideas before year end where possible such pleased to have a place on the Web. may be helpful now. If you have securities deductible items as state income taxes, We think the members will appreciate in which you have capital gains, think property taxes, and charitable gifts, a quick and direct access to Founda- about donating the securities rather than including next year’s pledges. Finally, look tion information, especially details cash. You’ll save taxes by doing this. If you around for an unused asset that might be on the current capital and annual have securities in which you have capital donated to charity this year, such as a life campaigns, not to mention the losses, consider selling the securities and insurance policy that has outlived its origi- more complicated planned giving donating the cash. In this way you will nal purpose, or an item of real or personal instruments.” realize the losses, which will lower your property that is unutilized. ■ taxes. If you do not usually itemize deduc-

12 GSA TODAY, October 1996 Director of Development Appointed GSA HONORS 50-YEAR FELLOWS Valerie G. Brown has been appointed the GSA Foundation’s Director of Development and joined the headquarters staff at the beginning of October. She will have responsibil- Allen F. Agnew Robert G. Maynard ity for much of the Foundation’s fund-raising activity, including the Second Century Janet M. Aitken James F. McAllister Fund, the annual campaign, and planned giving. Rhesa M. Allen, Jr. Preston McGrain A Denver resident, Brown was Director of Grants and later Senior Development Officer Thomas W. Amsden Duncan A. for the University of Colorado Foundation at the Health Science Center Campus. Over Richard J. Anderson McNaughton a 12-year period she was engaged in a broad range of fund-raising, managerial, and William E. Benson Brainerd Mears, Jr. administrative duties and was a key participant in a successful $77 million capital cam- Jean M. Berdan Robert M. Norris paign. Previously she was employed in development work at the Craig Hospital Founda- tion in Englewood, Colorado. Brown has worked as Personal Trust Officer at the former J. Robert Berg James J. Norton United Bank of Denver and has also been in the private practice of law. She has a B.A. Ralph J. Bernhagen Jerry C. Olson degree from the University of Colorado and a J.D. degree from the University of Denver George W. Berry Troy L. Pewe College of Law. Raymond E. Birch Lloyd C. Pray Daniel A. Busch Gordon W. Prescott Joseph R. Chelikowsky Frank Press Special thanks to those Senior Fellows who have relayed to the Foundation some of Edward J. Combs Chilton E. Prouty their most memorable early geological experiences. We will have a memory board Agnes Creagh Augustin Pyre with these quotations at the Senior Fellows Reception in Denver. Savill C. Creasey John A. Reinemund William H. Dennen Charles M. Riley G. Donald Eberlein Louis Carl Sass Donors to the Foundation, July 1996 Gus K. Eifler, Jr. H. Leroy Scharon Samuel P. Ellison, Jr. Ruth A. M. Schmidt Allan V. Cox Student Research Grants Marlene L. McCauley Scholarship Fund Gregory K. Middleton Frank K. McKinney William R. Evitt Raymond Siever Robert V. Enright Robert W. Metsger Oscar S. Fent Jack A. Simon SAGE Donna and James L. Russell Helen L. Foster Paul K. Sims John C. Frye Environmental William E. Daly* Arndt Schimmelmann Award Second Century Fund Brian J. Skinner Edward A. Robert G. Smalley Stuart L. Schoff BHP Minerals International, Inc.* Robert J. Weimer Frederickson Parke D. Snavely, Jr. GEOSTAR Charles S. Bartlett Unrestricted—Foundation Verne C. Fryklund, Jr. I. Gregory Sohn Norma Westman Del Giudice Howard R. Cramer Jay Glenn Marks* RaNaye B. Drier Claire B. and Donald F. Asahiko Taira John W. Gabelman Mortimer H. Staatz Davidson* Hydrogeology Division William J. Wolfe Gordon P. Eaton* Mohamed A. Gheith Charles E. Stearns Award Peter and Brenda George Unrestricted—GSA Warren W. Wood* August Goldstein, Jr. Nelson C. Steenland Robert N. Ginsburg* John F. Franklin-Jefferson- Allan B. Griggs Robert C. Stephenson Minority Fund Rhea L. Graham Squibb Steven C. Semken Eileen A. Herrstrom Wallace W. Hagan Thomas A. Steven Richard H. Mahard* *Century Plus Roster—gifts of George C. Hardin, Jr. Robert E. Stevenson $150 or more William P. Hewitt Glenn W. Stewart Allen V. Heyl Frederick M. Swain William T. Holser C. Melvin Swinney GSA Foundation Preston E. Hotz George A. Thompson 3300 Penrose Place Sheldon Judson James B. P.O. Box 9140 James M. Kirby Thompson, Jr. Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 447-2020 H. D. Klemme Robert D. Trace [email protected] E. Donaldson Koons Donald E. Trimble J. Laurence Kulp Karl M. Waage Wann Langston, Jr. Holly C. Wagner My pledge to the Second Century Fund is $______per year for ___ years. Geoffrey B. Leech William G. Wahl Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______for: Alvin R. Leonard George W. Walker Foundation—Unrestricted GSA—Unrestricted Benjamin F. Leonard Robert E. Wallace The ______program or fund. Augustin Lombard Stewart R. Wallace W. Warren Longley Samuel P. Welles Please call me to discuss planned giving and eligibility for the Pardee Coterie. Frederic B. Loomis W. Arthur White PLEASE PRINT Richard W. Lounsbury Kemble Widmer John C. Ludlum L. Kenneth Wilson Name ______Richard H. Mahard Leonard R. Wilson Address ______John F. Mann, Jr. John S. Wonfor Jay Glenn Marks J. Lamar Worzel City/State/ZIP ______Muriel Mathez Robert J. Wright Phone ______John C. Maxwell

GSA TODAY, October 1996 13 MEETING ABSTRACTS FOR DENVER ’96 SET NEW RECORD

Jim Clark until the last minute to send over the Web ABSTRACTS SUBMITTED GSA Production and Marketing Manager had few alternatives left if anything went TO GSA ANNUAL MEETINGS Mark Duvall wrong. A few authors, in spite of repeated Year City Qty GSA Information Services Manager trying, simply could not make the Web system work; in these special cases, GSA 1996 Denver 2,870 extended the deadline, making it possible 1994 Seattle 2,858 for these authors to get their material into More abstracts were submitted for 1988 Denver Centennial Meeting 2,585 the system. Denver ’96 than for any previous meeting 1991 San Diego 2,526 All of the 300 or so E-mail messages in GSA’s history: 2,870—a dozen more 1993 Boston 2,502 that peppered the processing staff at dead- than the previous record of 2,858 submit- 1987 Phoenix 2,340 line time were answered promptly. Most ted for Seattle in 1994. 1995 New Orleans 2,206 were concerned whether GSA had received GSA’s new electronic abstract submis- an abstract, some asked for corrections to 1989 St. Louis 2,042 sion system on the World Wide Web, in content, three complained about the 1990 Dallas 1,952 use for the first time this year, may have number of words permitted on both the 1992 Cincinnati 1,867 accounted for some of the increase. A total electronic and paper forms, and several 1986 San Antonio 1,865 of 1,257 abstracts came via that system, sent thanks and compliments on the sys- proving it to be more popular than we had tem. expected: 44% of submissions were elec- Planning for the 1997 abstract with individual session information as tronic, and 56% came on the familiar, submissions is already underway, with quickly as that is available. This should be preprinted paper forms. improvements planned in the electronic of help to those needing early information Although the Web system was new system, based on user comments and our for airline reservations or other planning. and somewhat exotic, it apparently was experience. The abstract numbers and Changes are on the way for the paper relatively trouble-free for most users. names of the senior authors of all accepted abstract forms, too. For 1997 there will be Many commented that it was more conve- abstracts—electronic or paper—will two different paper forms: one for use for nient and less expensive than the express be posted on the Web, about two weeks any GSA Section meeting (distributed in services so many have used in the past. before the traditional acceptance notices September 1996); the other for use for the One thing did not change this year: are mailed. Salt Lake City Annual Meeting (to be dis- most abstracts—including Web submis- You’ll be able to search this list tributed in spring 1997). The two forms sions—were sent and received on deadline quickly, and the data will be updated will not be interchangeable. ■ day and the day before. Those who waited

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14 GSA TODAY, October 1996 HOW MANY WORDS?

How many words fit into a paper 1,800 Web Browsers?! abstract form? How many into a Web abstract form? The 250 words “accept- Some 1,800 versions of Web browsers, the software tool required to send a Web able” in an abstract apparently was a abstract, are out there. The good news is that GSA’s first Web abstract form was widely limit suggested in 1968 by the ad hoc usable, in spite of the many and varied quirks inherent in that variety. Committee on Long-Range Planning of Annual Meeting Programs. For many Those using a current or recent version of the prominent browsers (Netscape, years, the box on the paper abstract Microsoft Explorer, Mosaic), seemed to have the least trouble with our Web abstract form was designed to hold about 300 form. But many older browsers do not display tables, forms, and other features required words in 12 pitch typewriter type. for an interactive form, and some Internet service providers handle Web forms poorly. With the appearance of laser printers Other than that, the problems were relatively few. and computers, we suggested that 11 point laser type be used, but not less The most common problem was unexpected: some authors lost their live connection than 10 point. Most abstract submitters to the Web while they were completing our form. When they tried to “send,” nothing used 10 point, getting from about 310 happened—except that usually the form went blank again. We were caught off guard— words to as many as 350 into the box. this problem occurs because of conditions on the user’s side and has nothing to do with We revisited this issue as we GSA’s system. The problem is a simple one, but not widely understood. When a user designed the Web abstract form. Study- accesses a Web form, the user’s computer and browser actually make a copy of the ing a sampling of abstracts from 1995 to determine what people were doing, form, storing it either in memory and/or on the hard disk. As long as the user’s Web we found these averages: about 400 connection remains live, clicking the “send” button on the form will successfully speed words per abstract, about six characters the abstract to GSA because the browser has an open line for transmission. If the con- per word (plus a blank space for each nection has been lost, there is nowhere for the data to go. word), and most type sizes ranging from about 8 points up to 10 points. Web connections can be interrupted for several reasons, all but one of which—a crash Those type sizes result in final printed of GSA’s system—are beyond our control. Since GSA’s system never crashed this year, if copy of from 4.8 point to 6 point type, this happened to you here are some possible reasons: (1) your browser’s optional “time- because we paste abstracts to oversized out” setting may be set too low; (2) if you’re on a network, your system administrator boards and reduce the pages to 60% of may have assigned you low connect-time limits; (3) your PC or Web server may have original size. In experiments, we found crashed, or may have disconnected you because of other user demands; electrical that the number of words we could fit power may have failed; and so on. The loss of the Web connection is transparent to onto a paper form varies tremendously most users, especially novices, because the form continues to appear on screen, even with minor alterations in the space though the computer is then reading it only from memory or disk cache, not from a between characters and between lines, working, live connection. In this situation, when the send button is clicked, the user sees both of which are features provided by nothing; there is no immediate confirmation from GSA with an assigned abstract num- most modern-day word processing ber to assure you that all’s well. Even more frustrating, the data laboriously entered on software. But we must live by the eco- the form usually disappears. The only recourse is to check the “time outs” in your nomics of the still-dominant paradigm browser, and perhaps with your system administrator, and try again. of ink on paper. Abstracts sent via the Web are printed at GSA at a more read- Another problem had to do with E-mail acknowledgments to authors sometimes able 11 points, which after reduction being garbled, or including characters authors did not use. This problem was due to to printing size is only 6.6 points, three things. First, because of variations in computer platforms and user skills, many barely readable by many. The size of abstracts included nonstandard characters. At GSA, we were programmed to filter out the type placed in the boxes on our Web form makes no difference in this those that we knew about. But about 20 new ones cropped up that we had to incorpo- equation because all are printed at rate into our filters on the fly. Second, E-mail technology is somewhat archaic and some- GSA; only character counts matter. times garbled parts of our messages, adding to the confusion. Third, we tried to embed So we settled on a limit for the a shortened version of the abstract title in our E-mail confirmations, but authors didn’t Web form as follows: title box: 336 understand why their full title wasn’t included. characters; author-data box: 2,000 characters; abstract text box: 2,504 The last major problem was due to a characteristic of the text boxes in our Web form. characters; total: 4,840 characters. On For technical reasons, we were unable to provide “line wrap” in those boxes—that fea- the basis of an average of seven charac- ture that formats a paragraph to look like a paragraph. Rather, when typing or pasting ters per word plus one between-words into text boxes, users found that each paragraph of text appeared in a long line. Some space, that is, about 600 words possible tried to insert manual carriage returns and other formatting characters, all of which had in all three boxes. to be filtered out. Text properly entered, without user formatting, was quickly and accu- This count is about double the rately formatted by our system. We’re looking for a technical answer that will let us words possible within the paper form’s incorporate line wrap in our text boxes. box, if you use 10 point Helvetica type, and standard spacing. In most of these situations, people want to see what they are accustomed to seeing If your experience differed from in other media. It’s important to realize, however, that the Web is not a format-oriented our conclusions, we would like to medium, but a content-oriented one. Formatting is always controlled on the receiving reproduce the circumstances of your end, with settings for most format characteristics being set within the browser in use. setup exactly to learn what factors In 1997, we’ll do our best to inform our users of any of these problems that cannot be were responsible. Contact J. Clark at resolved. [email protected].

GSA TODAY, October 1996 15

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

The RIF took place simultaneously science for shelter listed not what they USGS RIF with wrenching reorganization away from were currently doing (as was required for About one-quarter of the staff of the an emphasis on small geoscience research the fired scientists) but instead listed a Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological projects to an emphasis on geotechnical selection from what they had earlier done Survey was fired in October 1995, in a megaprojects, micromanaged from above, as scientists. Many of them had no experi- Reduction in Force, or RIF, which has been thought to be more saleable to politicians. ence in the fields of their new jobs, which discussed in three prior reports in GSA In-progress projects representing thou- falsifies the purported all-scientists-are- Today. The article by Survey management sands of man-years of research were unique basis for the RIF. in the November 1995 issue mostly scrapped without plans for salvage. The Morale has been shattered among the described a theoretical process which, pre-RIF managers planned the reorganiza- survivors. Cynicism and apprehension, although legally mandated, was largely tion (which abolished most of their own and discouragement over abandoned circumvented. An excellent description of administrative jobs) and outlined the new research, are widespread. the actual process, signed by two lawyers megaprojects. They then assigned person- Warren Hamilton representing 30 appellants against the RIF, nel to be retained, including themselves, Golden, CO appeared in the April 1996 issue. The pro- by name (“staffing plan”), to the new proj- management statement in the July 1996 ects. They defined the description of each issue by outsider M. T. Halbouty contained new job as the old job description of a Geological Survey of many misconceptions. retainee even if the new job would bear The Geologic Division had for some little or no similarity to the old. Scientists Canada—Cost Recovery years been increasingly squeezed between omitted from the staffing plan could not Concept and Mandate rising fixed costs and a flat budget, and compete for the new jobs because their downsizing was required to free funds for jobs were deemed different from the old For more than 150 years the GSC has essential expenses. Voluntary induced res- jobs held by the retainees, and were fired. led the way in fundamental and applied ignations and retirements in late 1994 and Scientists were retained or fired geologic research in Canada with a dedi- early 1995 took 400 people (including me) mostly by the 25 outgoing branch chiefs, cated staff doing long-term regional pro- off the starting roster of about 2600 and each using whatever arbitrary and uncoor- jects. These included drilling of the first corrected the fiscal imbalance. Neverthe- dinated criteria he wished, subject to gas well in western Canada, the recogni- less, about 350 permanent employees and extensive pulling (“add-backs”) and push- tion of the economic importance of the all 250 nontenured employees were fired ing from above. Some chiefs flagrantly tar sands, and identification of many in October 1995, bringing the roster down indulged favoritism and spite, some tried major mineral deposits. to about 1600, 62% of what it had been in to retain the most productive scientists Officers of the GSC such as Logan, early 1994. The Division now (August) has and those best suited to the new tasks, and Dawson, and McConnell have been pio- a very large surplus of funds which it is the rest were somewhere between. Most neers in the exploration and the opening attempting to commit before Fiscal Year strongly favored their own specialties, up of Canada. These pioneers and those 1996 ends on September 30. localities, and friends, regardless of rele- that followed them have established Civil Service RIF regulations require vance to the new projects. Examples Canada as having one of the best geologi- that nontenured employees be fired out- abound of incompetent cronies retained, cal surveys in the world. They have all right but that permanent employees with and of excellent scientists fired because worked under administrations that nur- like skills compete with each other for the they disagreed, personally or profession- tured long-term regional research, and decreased number of jobs which any of ally, with supervisors, or because they under leaders with vision and dedication them should be able to learn to perform were in a place, specialty, or age group dif- that provided the environment that within a few months. Survey managers cir- ferent from that of a branch chief. allowed them to establish outstanding cumvented this by classifying nearly all Proof that the RIF was corrupt is given reputations in the geosciences. permanent scientists into one-person cate- by the way managers treated themselves. The high standards of scientific excel- gories so as to permit the firing of almost Before the RIF, there were about 75 line lence and relevance which characterized any individual by abolishing his extremely and staff administrators ranking as branch the Geological Survey of Canada over specific job. One can argue about how chiefs and above. Perhaps 50 of the 75 had much of its history were based on: long- many categories of specialists and general- gone into management not as productive term scientific programs, which addressed ists Survey scientists properly represent, scientists rotating through administrative fundamental and applied aspects of geo- but much interchangeability exists within chores but rather as failed or burned-out logic research in Canada, in cooperation disciplines, and the claim that no one who scientists seeking high pay without pres- with industry, provincial governments, was fired could have learned to do the sure to do research. About 2/3 of these and universities; [and] government fund- work of anyone who was not is false. For upper-level managerial positions, includ- ing for laboratory and field-oriented proj- example, the largest group of those fired ing those of all branch and office chiefs, ects to achieve these goals for the use of were general geologists, many of whom were abolished in the reorganization, leav- Canadians, including industry. This con- could have quickly handled the jobs of ing their occupants theoretically exposed cept has been scrutinized by a number of many of those who were retained. The to automatic RIFing, but only one of the industrial and academic committees over skills and principles of geologic fieldwork 75 was fired. I know of only three who the past years, all of which have been in large part can be readily applied to new were fired from a similar number of most favorable, praising the Geological areas. Most young Survey field geologists administrators at the lower level of assis- Survey of Canada as a research institute were assigned a quadrangle each to map tant branch chiefs and their parallels. All within Canada and internationally for its in Kentucky when a state co-op project others found themselves safe shelters, excellence in fundamental and applied started there in the 1960s, and they did mostly in scientific jobs in which they research, and for the efficient means by the jobs quickly and competently although retain their high administrative salaries in which this research was made public. they began with no local knowledge. nominally lower-level positions. The job descriptions of managers moving back to Letters continued on p. 18

GSA TODAY, October 1996 17 Letters continued from p. 17 sulting sector, while salaries, overhead, nonmembers of GSA to publish letters equipment, etc., for the most part are pub- in it. Presently the Survey’s long-term licly funded. As such, this approach must However, I think that question was regional mandate is under serious attack, be perceived to be highly unethical. It also answered in favor of the second position with the focus shifting towards short-term hinders, as in the case of short-term and when the Society decided that GSA Today single-client–oriented projects under pro- client-driven projects, the ability to focus will not only go to all GSA members but grams such as the Industrial Partnership on the basic mandate of the GSC, namely to subscribers, as well as to libraries. The Program (IPP) or programs of cost recov- to conduct independent research which journal has been serving a useful function ery. The current management is much serves the need of Canada as a whole. in that role, and it should remain that more political and focuses on the short- In view of the above and the current way. term expediency of downsizing and does management having failed to address the The letter from Mary Dryovage and not show a long-term vision for Canada or major issues, I recommend: To assemble a Jeff Rush (GSA Today, April 1996) that the Survey. panel of senior scientists from inside and Mike Halbouty found irksome conveys Implications of the “client-oriented” outside the organization (industry, univer- messages of importance to those con- and “cost recovery” concepts raise serious sities, provincial surveys) to review its mis- cerned with the well-being of the USGS— concerns as to the future role of the GSC sion and goals, especially in regard to the and that is a very large group, as Mike in addressing the needs of Canada as a cost recovery concept and the role of a pointed out. Mike was vexed that “the whole and providing independent geologi- federal geological survey within Canada. GSA permitted the publication of such a cal research for the benefit of Canadians. W. Kalkreuth one-sided, critical letter.” Perhaps Mike did Client-oriented Projects. It is obvious Calgary, Alberta T2L 2H3, not note that the letter was responding to that industry-oriented projects will have Canada an unsigned article (GSA Today, November only little relevance to long-term strate- 1995) that presented the USGS side of the gies, since they are governed by the legiti- Reduction-In-Force event. In his prefatory mate interest of the companies to make a note to that first letter, Don Davidson had profit in areas that are close at hand. It Why GSA Today? set out the reason for its publication very seems clear that client-oriented projects clearly. Michel Halbouty’s letter published will only distract from and hinder the I trust the Letters section of GSA in the July 1996 GSA Today raised a sig- accomplishment of long-term regional Today will continue to be open to all who nificant issue—what is the purpose of this studies for the long-term benefit of have useful information to convey, regard- publication? Is it exclusively for members Canada. less of their professional status or member- of GSA, or is it also for distribution of Cost Recovery. The cost recovery con- ship in the Society. news and information important to the cept is essentially a subsidized entry into E-an Zen larger geoscience community? If the for- private enterprise, whereby the Geological Reston, VA 20191 ■ mer, then it is reasonable to not allow Survey of Canada competes with the con-

18 GSA TODAY, October 1996 GSA Congressional Science Fellow Named for 1996–1997

Tamara J. Nameroff has been chosen organic matter; diagenesis of organic mat- as the eleventh GSA Congressional Science ter; aquatic chemistry; novel trace metal Fellow. She will work as a special legisla- analytical techniques; flow injection anal- tive assistant on the staff of a committee ysis; and federal environmental science or member of the U.S. Congress from and technology policies. September 1996 through August 1997. Nameroff’s goals as a Congressional The Fellowship Science Fellow are to promote environ- The Congressional Science Fellowship mental policies that are scientifically gives a geoscientist first-hand experience defensible and to work to ensure that with the legislative process and the oppor- Congress recognizes the influence of sci- tunity to view science policy issues from Tamara J. ence and technology policies on large sec- the lawmaker’s perspective. At the same Nameroff tors of the U.S. economy. She expects to time, the Fellow assists in the analysis of draw on her academic experiences in ana- public policy issues by providing scientific lytical chemistry and oceanography, as and technical expertise. well as her work in industrial and regula- Funded by GSA and by a grant from experience and the chance to contribute tory agency settings. “I am especially the U.S. Geological Survey, the fellowship to the formulation of national policy. interested in the debate on the national demonstrates the value of science-govern- To prepare for their assignment, Fel- policy on research and development, ment interaction and enhances the lows attend a two-week orientation con- the links between R & D and economic involvement of the earth science commu- ducted by the American Association for growth, and the relationship between nity in the public policy arena. The pro- the Advancement of Science. Fellowship environmental policies and the U.S. gram places highly qualified, accom- requirements include exceptional compe- economy,” Nameroff says. plished scientists with the offices of tence in some area of the earth sciences, Nameroff received her Ph.D. in envi- individual members of Congress or com- cognizance of a broad range of matters ronmental and analytical chemistry in mittees for a one-year assignment. Fellows outside the Fellow’s particular area, and a 1996 from the University of Washington perform in much the same way as regular strong interest in working on a range of and her B.A. in chemistry, magna cum staff members; they have the opportunity public policy programs. The Fellow reports laude, from Carleton College, Northfield, to be involved in varied legislative, over- periodically to the GSA membership and Minnesota. Among her research interests sight, and investigative activities. They to the U.S. Geological Survey during the and experience are trace metal geochem- offer their special knowledge, skills, and one-year period. ■ istry; paleoceanography; tracers of paleo- competence for the opportunity to acquire cean circulation and preservation of

tional competence in some area of the earth sciences, cog- nizance of a broad range of matters outside the Fellow’s par- ticular area, and a strong interest in working on a range of Congressional public policy problems. Award Science Fellowship The GSA Congressional Science Fellowship carries with it a $42,000 stipend, and limited health insurance, relocation, 1997–1998 and travel allowances. The fellowship is funded by GSA and by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey. (Employees of the USGS are ineligible to apply for this fellowship. For infor- he Geological Society of America is accepting mation about other programs, con- applications for the 1997–1998 Congressional Sci- tact AAAS or the Geological Society ence Fellowship. The Fellow selected will spend a of America.) year (September 1997– August 1998) in the office DEADLINE FOR T RECEIPT OF ALL of an individual member of Congress or a congressional To Apply APPLICATION committee for the purpose of contributing scientific and Procedures for application MATERIALS IS technical expertise to public policy issues and gaining first- and detailed requirements are FEBRUARY 3, hand experience with the legislative process. The American available in the geology 1997 Association for the Advancement of Science conducts an ori- departments of most col- entation program to assist the Fellow seeking a congressional leges and universities in the staff position in which he or she can work on major legisla- United States or upon tive issues. request from: Executive Director, Geological Soci- Criteria ety of America, P.O. The program is open to highly qualified postdoctoral to Box 9140, Boulder, mid-career earth scientists. Candidates should have excep- CO 80301.

GSA TODAY, October 1996 19

Acid trauma at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary in eastern Montana: Comment and Reply

COMMENT deposited from ground waters long after Fig. 6). There also are minor detrital grains the soil formed and was buried. Even more and burial cements in sandstones (Retal- J. David Archibald troubling is that we don’t know the lateral lack et al., 1987; Retallack, 1994). Other Department of Biology, San Diego State extent of the paleosol types and composi- evidence for pedogenic origin of most of University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614 tions that Retallack discusses, as they are the carbonate and smectite is the remark- In his recent article hypothesizing from a single stratigraphic section in east- ably uniform composition and appearance about the occurrence of acid rain at the ern Montana. of the clayey paleosols in the Hell Creek Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary in What we know of the reaction to acid Formation from Buffalo, South Dakota, to eastern Montana, Retallack (1996) stated rain of extant vertebrates coupled with the Marmarth, North Dakota, to Jordan, Mon- that “acidic trauma may explain the tran- K-T vertebrate record provides no support tana—some 400 km. Archibald’s implica- sition in Montana from … herbivorous to to the kind of acid rain scenario proposed tion that my Bug Creek and Hell Creek insectivorous vertebrates.” There is no by Retallack (1996). sections are atypical is at variance with my such transition recorded in the vertebrate observations and those of others (Fas- record across the K-T boundary. The REPLY tovsky and McSweeney, 1987; McSweeney authors Retallack cited (Sheehan and and Fastovsky, 1987). G. J. Retallack Fastovsky, 1992) did not make this claim Archibald’s comment takes what I Department of Geological Sciences, Uni- and did not discuss the vertebrates that consider the simplistic view that acidifica- veristy of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1272 appeared after this transition. Of the 107 tion is either present or not, when there vertebrate species now well-documented My position on differential extinction are widely differing degrees of acidifica- in the Hell Creek Formation, a minimum across the K-T boundary was merely to tion, which I calculated. Weathering is a of 52 (or 49%) survived. Of the 55 species agree with previously published views process of acidification and every buffer that disappeared (either becoming extinct (Sheehan and Hansen, 1986; Sheehan and has a finite capacity. Although Florida has or migrating with environmental change), Fastovsky, 1992) that insectivores were much carbonate bedrock, acidic seepage 29 were carnivorous or insectivorous, 14 least affected among land animals. I am lakes occur in areas dominated by base- were omnivorous, 11 were herbivorous, pleased that Archibald agrees with this, poor soils (Ultisols, Spodosols: Pollman and one was a filter feeder. Of the 52 and apologize for the misleading terseness and Canfield, 1991), very different from species and relatives that survived, 45 of my paper (Retallack, 1996). Large carni- the base-rich latest Cretaceous paleosols of were carnivorous or insectivorous, six vores and herbivores were very hard hit. the Hell Creek Formation. Given my were omnivorous, and one was a filter The dominant latest Cretaceous, duckbill agreement with Archibald on selective feeder (tabulated from Archibald, 1996). and ceratopsian dinosaur herbivores had extinction of acid-prone organisms of lat- Mammals show the greatest evolutionary specialized dental batteries with no paral- est Cretaceous ecosystems, the question is change among vertebrates through the lel among Late Cretaceous or early Pale- not whether there was acidification at the K-T transition. Of the 18 species known to ocene mammals that Archibald interprets K-T boundary, but how much. appear in the interval just after the K-T as herbivores. Herbivore extinction is an boundary in Montana, eight were herbivo- expectation of a life crisis that involved Combined References Cited rous, nine were omnivorous, and one was acidification that would brown leaves. Archibald, J. D., 1996, Dinosaur extinction and the end carnivorous or insectivorous (Lofgren, Another expectation is the transition of an era: What the fossils say: New York, Columbia 1995). Thus, if we can say anything, it is observed in K-T vegetation from evergreen University Press, 237 p. that more herbivores became extinct than dicots to deciduous dicots and conifers Cox, G. W., 1993, Conservation ecology: Biosphere and omnivores, and the least extinction (Retallack, 1996). Yet another indication of biosurvival: Dubuque, Iowa, Wm. C. Brown, 352 p. occurred among carnivores and insecti- acid trauma is the heavy extinction of D’Hondt, S., Pilson, M. E. Q., Sigurdsson, H., Hanson, A. K., Jr., and Carey, S., 1994, Surface water acidification vores. However, new species of herbivores freshwater molluscs across the K-T bound- and extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: and omnivores appeared, resulting in no ary in the northern Great Plains states Geology, v. 22, p. 983–986. net transition to insectivores. (documented by Hartman, 1996). Aquatic Fastovsky, D. E., and McSweeney, K., 1987, Paleosols It is clear from modern case studies vertebrates were less affected, as Archibald spanning the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition, eastern that aquatic vertebrates suffer most from emphasizes, but this does not mean there Montana and western North Dakota: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, p. 66–77. acid rain (Cox, 1993). As pointed out by was no acid. The bioassay implied by deci- Hartman, J. H., 1996, Extinction of sculptured nonma- both supporters (D’Hondt et al., 1994) and mation of aquatic molluscs, but not rine bivalves about the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, doubters (Weil, 1994a, 1994b) of the acid aquatic vertebrates, is that ground-water in Wolberg, D. L., and Stump, E., eds., Program and rain scenario, aquatic vertebrates show pH depression was between 5.5 and 4. My abstracts of the Dinofest International Symposium, Tempe, Arizona State University, p. 58. among the highest survivorship—exactly proposal for atmospheric scrubbing and opposite acid rain predictions. Retallack’s soil buffering was to explain this modest Lofgren, D. L. 1995, The Bug Creek problem and the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition at McGuire Creek, Mon- suggestion that “calcareous smectitic soils” acidification compared with the dire pre- tana: University of California Publications in Geological may have buffered the aquatic systems dictions of some impact scenarios and Sciences, v. 140, 185 p. does not accord with what is known of from observed leaching of the boundary McSweeney, K., and Fastovsky, D. E., 1987, Micromor- modern lakes that remain acidic even bed. phological and SEM analysis of Cretaceous-Paleogene petrosols from eastern Montana and western North though they are underlain by limestone Much of the carbonate and smectite Dakota: Geoderma, v. 40, p. 49–63. (Pollman and Canfield, 1991). Further, in latest Cretaceous paleosols of Montana McSweeney, K., and Fastovsky, D. E., 1990, Recognition Retallack was assuming that the calcareous can be shown to have originated in soils, and interpretation of cemented paleosols of Cretaceous- component of the rocks that we see in the because of petrographic observations of Paleogene age, in Douglas, L. A., ed., Soil micromor- field is the same as that of the original diffuse micritic nodules replacing clay soils. It is more likely that these calcareous skins and grains and filling etch pits in components are of diagenetic origin, grains (McSweeney and Fastovsky, 1990, Comment and Reply continued on p. 22

GSA TODAY, October 1996 21 Dalziel Named to New GSA International Secretariat

A familiar presence at GSA meetings Antarctica, and the tectonic evolution of and functions, Ian W. D. Dalziel has added the southern continents and ocean basins. an appointment to a three-year term as Although still involved in cooperative pro- GSA International Secretary to his credits. jects aimed at determining the nature of In his nearly 40 years of geological experi- active tectonism in the Scotia arc region ence, Dalziel has been involved in interna- and the sub-ice structure of Antarctica, he Ian Dalziel tional activities spanning the globe from now devotes much of his time to studying his native Scotland to the Antarctic. At the long-term tectonic history of Earth, present, Dalziel is senior research scientist including testing new hypotheses of pre- and associate director of the Institute for Pangea geography with his colleagues and early Paleozoic ocean off North America’s Geophysics at the University of Texas at students. present eastern margin is the key to geog- Austin, and professor in the university’s In addition to being a member of raphy, sea level, and environments of a Department of Geological Sciences. a number of international societies and biologically critical time.” Last year, he The International Secretariat is a new committees, Dalziel has been named a was co-convener of GSA’s Penrose Con- GSA endeavor with the broad purpose of Fellow of GSA and of the Sociedad Geo- ference on the Argentine Precordillera in enhancing the international character of lógica de Chile. He is a recipient of the San Juan, Argentina. The meeting was the Society by encouraging collaborative Murchison Medal of the Geological Soci- co-sponsored by the Asociación Geológica research among countries worldwide, ety of London and was elected a Miembro Argentina, the Asociación Paleontológica establishing GSA memberships and per- Correspondiente of the Asociación Argentina, and CONICET Argentina. haps sections on foreign soils, and pro- Geológica Argentina and a Fellow of the As Don Davidson, GSA Executive moting symposia and theme sessions on Royal Society of Edinburgh. Dalziel is the Director, states about this new position international and global topics at GSA Delegate to the Scientific Committee on and the choice of Dalziel to fill it, “Ian’s meetings, as well as publication in GSA Antarctic Research of the International background and experience are what we journals by international geologists. The Union of Geological Sciences. need to successfully launch this enterprise. choice of Dalziel to launch this effort is a As an advocate of GSA’s involvement We are entering uncharted waters here, natural, because of his extensive experi- in global earth science, Dalziel will be lead and I am confident that working together ence in working overseas on cooperative convener of the symposium “Iapetus” to with Ian and with the International projects and running international meet- be sponsored by the International Divi- Division, GSA can generate a program ings and field trips. sion at the 1997 GSA Annual Meeting. that will benefit the science as well as the For many years Dalziel specialized This should attract a significant number Society and the International Division.” ■ in the study of orogenic and continental of European and South American earth break-up processes in the Andes and West scientists as, according to Dalziel, “the

Comment and Reply continued from p. 21 GSA Division News phology: A basic and applied science: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 683–688. Have a Pollman, C. D., and Canfield, D. E., 1991, Florida, in Divisions will be recognizing the follow- Charles, D. F., ed., Acidic deposition and aquatic ing individuals at the 1996 Annual ecosystems: New York, Springer, p. 367–416. Meeting in Denver for their service to Retallack, G. J., 1994, A pedotype approach to latest Penrose Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary paleosols in eastern the Division and/or contributions to the Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, geological sciences. v. 106, p. 1377–1397. HYDROGEOLOGY DIVISON Conference Retallack, G. J., 1996, Acid trauma at the Cretaceous- Tertiary boundary in eastern Montana: GSA Today, v. 6, John M. Sharp, Jr. no. 5, p. 1–7. Distinguished Service Award Retallack, G. J., Leahy, G. D., and Spoon, M. D., 1987, Paul A. Witherspoon, Jr. Proposal? Evidence from paleosols for ecosystem changes across Distinguished Service Award the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in eastern Montana: Geology, v. 15, p. 1090–1093. Mark Person 1997 Birdsall-Dreiss For guidelines or Sheehan, P. M., and Fastovsky, D. E., 1992, Major extinctions of land-dwelling vertebrates at the Creta- Distinguished Lecturer additional information, ceous-Tertiary boundary, eastern Montana: Geology, v. 20, p. 556–560. QUATERNARY GEOLOGY contact Sheehan, P. M., and Hansen, T. A., 1986, Detritus feed- AND GEOMORPHOLOGY DIVISION ing as a buffer to extinction at the end of the Creta- Robert P. Sharp ceous: Geology, v. 14, p. 868–870. Distinguished Career Award GSA Headquarters Weil, A., 1994a, Acid rain as an agent of extinction at the K/T boundary—NOT! [abs.]: Journal of Vertebrate For a listing of other award recipients to (800) 472-1988, Paleontology, v. 14, suppl. to no. 3, p. 51A. be honored at the Denver meeting, see Weil, A., 1994b, K/T survivorship as a test of acid rain page 25 of July 1996 GSA Today. ext.131. hypotheses: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 7, p. A-335. ■

22 GSA TODAY, October 1996 Three Named Honorary Fellows Paul Tapponnier Paul Tapponnier is widely considered to be the driving force in development of Three eminent European scientists have been named Honorary Fellows by the GSA Council. understanding of the active tectonics of Asia—especially the history of the India- Alfonso Bosellini Bruno D’Argenio Eurasia collision. Alfonso Bosellini’s work on carbonate Work by Bruno D’Argenio on the car- Tapponnier, a stratigraphy and tectonics of the Alpine- bonate platform and basin morphology of French citizen, Mediterranean fold belts has inspired estab- the Apennines and Sicily has led to a bet- was born in 1947. lished geoscientists and students alike. ter understanding of central Mediter- He earned degrees Born in Man- ranean paleogeography. at the École tua, Italy, in 1934, D’Argenio Nationale Bosellini earned was born in Ben- Superieure des his degrees at the evento, Italy, in Mines de Paris University of 1935. He earned and the Univer- Padua. He held degrees in Naples sité des Sciences postdoctoral fel- and Rome and et Techniques du lowships in the held a postdoc- Languedoc at United States, at toral fellowship at Montpelier. He the Johns Hop- Princeton Univer- Paul Tapponnier was a visiting kins University sity. His research research fellow at and Scripps Insti- interests include the Massachusetts Institute of Technology tution of Ocean- marine and non- Alfonso Bosellini and is distinguished visiting scientist at ography. His wide marine geology of Bruno D’Argenio the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, interests in struc- the peri-Adriatic California. His research interests include ture, stratigraphy, and sedimentology region, sedimen- structure, tectonics, remote sensing, cli- led him to study the Alps, the Dolomites, tology and stratigraphy of carbonate rocks, mate change, Tertiary metamorphism, and Apulia, Sardinia, Somalia, Tunisia, and the history of geology, especially in regard paleomagnetism as applied to the Mediter- Ethiopia. He is currently head of the to sedimentary geology, and the relation ranean, Himalayan Asia, and north and Department of Geology at the University of carbonate cycles to orbital forcing. He east Africa. He is currently director of the of Ferrara, as well as president of the has taught and done research in Somalia Laboratoire de Tectonique, Mécanique de Geological Society of Italy and the Inter- and Angola. He has been director of the la Lithosphere at the Institut de Physique national Assocation of Sedimentologists. Istituto di Geologia e Geofisica and is cur- du Globe de Paris. Bosellini has published several land- rently director of the Istituto di Ricerca, Tapponnier’s long list of publications mark papers, most notably on the rela- Geomare Sud of the Consiglio Nazionale includes many papers written with stu- tions of block faulting, volcanism, and delle Richerche, at the University of dents and colleagues at his laboratory. He carbonate platform growth in the tectonic Naples. D’Argenio’s publications include is known for heading a dynamic team of evolution of the Dolomites, and on many written with scientists in other scientists. ■ progradation geometries of carbonate countries, an outcome of his field work platforms. His publications include five with international colleagues. books, one of which is a widely used earth science text in Italian high schools.

Call for Nominations Mentors in Applied Geology The Geological Society of America’s Institute for Environmental Educa- Criteria for Nomination tion is now soliciting nominations for the Roy J. Shlemon Mentor Pro- Mentors should be highly regarded practitioners in the applied geo- gram in Applied Geology. Funded by an endowment from Roy J. Shle- sciences. Preference will be given to nominees who emphasize one of mon, the Applied Geology Mentor Program bridges the gap between the following specialties: Quaternary geology, geomorphology, envi- the applied and academic geology communities. The mentors are ronmental geology, engineering geology, geoarcheology, and hydro- experienced geologists currently practicing in various fields of applied geology. Nominees should have at least 15 years of experience outside geology. Each mentor presents a one-day workshop for graduate and of academia and government and should be working actively in an senior undergraduate geology students focusing on professional applied field. Nominees should also be active in the geological com- opportunities and challenges in the applied geosciences. Workshops munity, preferably with a record of presented or published papers. may include lectures and/or field and laboratory exercises, depending Nominations should be in the form of a brief (one-half page) narrative on the technical specialty of the mentor, as well as discussion of “prac- summarizing the qualities and experiences of the nominee. This narra- tical problems” in applied geology such as running a business, market- tive may be supported by additional professional and biographical ing, hiring and firing, and legal and regulatory challenges. material. We request that nominators include their phone number Mentors receive an honorarium for conducting the workshop, in partial and/or E-mail address. recognition of their outstanding contribution to the applied geo- Mentors will be selected by GSA section meeting committees from the sciences. Up to six Shlemon Mentor workshops will be held each year, pool of nominees. in conjunction with the six GSA section meetings. Please send nominations to: The 1996 Roy Shlemon Applied Geology Mentors are Roy Shlemon Applied Geology Mentor Program, James E. Slosson, Van Nuys, California—Rocky Mountain Section Institute for Environmental Education, William R. Cotton, Los Gatos, California—Cordilleran Section Geological Society of America, Michael Hart, San Diego, California—Cordilleran Section P.O. Box 9140, Dean Lewis, Ames, Iowa—North-Central Section Boulder, CO 80301

GSA TODAY, October 1996 23 GSA Division and Section Grants for 1996

June Forstrom, Research Grants Administrator

DIVISION RESEARCH GRANTS Seven of the 12 GSA divisions offer grants for outstanding GSA Annual Meeting, and the Planetary Geology Division awards student research within the fields of the respective divisions. Recip- two best paper awards for presentations at the annual Lunar and ients of these grants for 1996 are listed below. Two divisions offer Planetary Science Conference. The three divisions that do not other student awards: the Archaeological Geology Division awards currently offer any awards to students are Geoscience Education, a $500 student travel grant for attendance to present a paper at the History of Geology, and International.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL GEOLOGY DIVISION Georgia received the award for his paper, COAL GEOLOGY DIVISION The Archaeological Geology Division presented in the Archaeological Geology The Coal Geology Division presented presented a best paper student travel Theme Session, “A Late Quaternary Pale- the annual Antoinette Lierman Medlin award of $500 for attendance at the 1995 oenvironmental Record from Sediments Scholarship Award to Bradley D. Ritts, GSA Annual Meeting in New Orleans. at White Paintings Rock Shelter, Tsodilo Stanford University, for his proposal, Andrew H. Ivester of the University of Hills, Botswana.” “Tectonics and Sedimentation of Qaidam and South Tarim Basins, NW China: Implications for Mesozoic and Cenozoic Tectonic and Structural Evolution of the Northern Tibet Plateau.” The Division presented the Medlin Field Research Award to Timothy S. White, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, for Research Grants “A Sequence Stratigraphic Interpretation of Non-Marine Coal-Bearing and Marine Oil-Source Rocks: Implications for Fluctua- Program 1997 tions in Climate.”

he primary role of the Research Grants Pro- ENGINEERING GEOLOGY DIVISION T gram is to provide partial support for research The student research grant awarded in earth science by graduate students at uni- by the Engineering Geology Division for versities in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central America. GSA an outstanding research proposal was pre- strongly encourages women, minorities, and persons with disabilities to partici- sented to Christine L. Luther of the Uni- pate fully in this grants program. Eligibility is not restricted to GSA members. versity of Nevada, Reno, for her project New application forms are available each fall in the geology departments of “Thermal Rock and Rock Bolt Interaction Relating to Strength Behavior and Failure colleges and universities offering graduate degrees in earth sciences. Forms are Mechanisms of Rock.” mailed to GSA Campus Representatives and department secretaries and chair- persons in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. They are also available upon GEOPHYSICS DIVISION request from the Research Grants Administrator, Geological Society of America, The Geophysics Division presented P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. Please use only the current 1997 application the Allan V. Cox Student Research Award and appraisal forms. this year for an outstanding student Confidential evaluations from two faculty members are required from can- research proposal submitted to the GSA didates for the M.S. or Ph.D. degree and must accompany applications submit- Research Grants Program to Haitao Yang, ted. PLEASE USE THE “APPRAISAL OF APPLICANT” FORMS, WHICH ACCOM- University of Western Ontario, for his PANY THE 1997 APPLICATION FORMS. Application forms will not be accepted project, “Viscosity of a Liquid in the Fe-Si-S System: Effects of Temperature by facsimile. and Pressure.” The Geological Society of America awarded over $349,000 in grants in 1996. The grants went to 218 students doing research for advanced degrees. HYDROGEOLOGY DIVISION The average amount awarded was $1604. The largest grant was $2530, but Awards for outstanding student there is no predetermined maximum amount. Funding for this program is pro- research from the Hydrogeology Division vided by a number of sources, including GSA’s Penrose and Pardee endow- were presented this year to three students: ments, the National Science Foundation, industry, individual GSA members Rachel A. Ames, Iowa State University, for through the GEOSTAR and Research Grants funds, and numerous dedicated “Biodegradation of Atrazine in Subsurface research funds that have been endowed at the GSA Foundation by members Sediments from a Former Agricultural and families. Chemical Dealership, Illinois”; Martin F. Helmke, Iowa State University, for “Deter- The Committee on Research Grants will meet in March to evaluate applica- mination of Hydraulic Conductivity and tions and award grants. In April, all applicants for grants will be informed of the Effective Fracture Porosity in Till from committee's actions by the Executive Director of the Geological Society of Large-Diameter, Undisturbed Core Sam- America. ples”; William W. Montgomery, Western ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE SUBMITTED ON THE 1997 FORMS Michigan University for “Ground-water Hydraulics and Slope Stability Analysis— AND POSTMARKED BY FEBRUARY 15, 1997 Grants continued on p. 26

24 GSA TODAY, October 1996

Call for Nominations All supporting data, especially degrees received, publications, positions, etc., should also be verified by the nominator. GSA Penrose Medal, Day Medal, and How to Nominate Honorary Fellows To ensure thorough consideration by the respective committees, please submit Penrose Medal. The Penrose Medal recognize outstanding achievement and for each candidate a brief biographical was established in 1927 by R. A. F. Pen- inspire further effort, rather than reward sketch, such as used in American Men and rose, Jr., to be awarded in recognition of a distinguished career. Scientific achieve- Women of Science and Who’s Who in America, eminent research in pure geology, for out- ments should be considered rather than a summary of the candidate’s scientific standing original contributions or achieve- contributions in teaching, administration, contributions to geology that qualify the ments that mark a major advance in the and service. individual for the award, and a selected science of geology. The award is made Honorary Fellows. Geologists who bibliography of no more than 20 titles. only at the discretion of the Council. have distinguished themselves in geologi- A nomination for any one of these Nominees are selected by the Council cal investigations or in notable service to three awards must be supported by signed and may or may not be members of the the Society may be elected as Honorary letters from each of five (5) GSA Fellows Society. Penrose’s sole objective in making Fellows. In practice, nearly all candidates or Members in addition to the person the gift was to encourage original work in are non–North Americans who live and making the nomination. The letters may purely scientific geology. Scientific work outside of North America. The most be attached to the nomination form or achievements should be considered rather noteworthy exceptions were astronauts. may be sent to the Executive Director sep- than contributions in teaching, admin- Most Honorary Fellows have been elected arately. For Honorary Fellow nominations, istration, or service. Mid-career scientists after many years of outstanding and inter- please verify degrees received, publica- who have already made exceptional con- nationally recognized contributions to tions, positions held, etc. The names of tributions should be given full considera- the science. The program was established unsuccessful candidates proposed to the tion for the award. by the GSA Council in 1909, and since Council by the respective committees will Day Medal. The Day Medal was then, except during a few war years, one or remain for consideration by those com- established in 1948 by Arthur L. Day to be more Honorary Fellows have been elected mittees for three years. For those still awarded annually, or less frequently, at the annually. The Council of the Society en- under consideration, it is recommended discretion of the Council, for outstanding courages the membership to submit names that an updated letter of renomination distinction in contributing to geologic of qualified candidates for this honor. In be sent to the Executive Director. knowledge through the application of preparing a nomination, it is imperative The deadline for receipt of nomina- physics and chemistry to the solution of that the original research and scientific tions at the office of the Executive Direc- geologic problems. Day’s intent was to advances of the candidate be stressed. tor is February 3, 1997. ■

About the Honorary Fellow Program On page 27 you will find a form to when the Apollo II astronauts who first The Council of the Society encourages be used in nominating candidates for walked on the moon were elected. the membership to submit names of quali- Honorary Fellowship in the Geological The program was established by fied candidates for this honor. In prepar- Society of America. Each year this honor is the GSA Council in 1909, and since then, ing a nomination, it is imperative that the bestowed on non–North Americans who except during a few war years, one or original research and scientific advances of live and work outside of North America more Honorary Fellows have been elected the candidate be stressed. All supporting and have distinguished themselves in geo- annually. Most Honorary Fellows have data, especially degrees received, publica- logical investigations or in notable service been elected after many years of outstand- tions, positions, etc., should also be veri- to the Society. Under exceptional circum- ing and internationally recognized contri- fied by the nominator. Use the form on stances, North Americans have been butions to the science. At present there are page 27 for nominating a candidate for named Honorary Fellows. This amend- 64 living geologists who have received this Honorary Fellowship. ■ ment to the bylaws was made in 1969 honor.

Grants continued from p. 24 of Lunar Pyroclastics as Inferred from the “Quaternary Bear River—Bonneville Basin 74001/2 Section,” and Darren M. Williams, Paleohydrogeography Reconstructed from Elements for Prediction of Shoreline Pennsylvania State University, best poster the 87Sr/86Sr Composition of Lacustrine Recession.” presentation, for “Habitable Planets with Fossils,” and the J. Hoover Mackin Grant High Obliquities.” Recipients of the awards to Brenda L. Hall, University of Maine, for PLANETARY GEOLOGY DIVISION are presented with a citation and a $500 “Geological Assessment of Abrupt Climate The Planetary Geology Division pre- cash prize in an awards ceremony held at Change and Ice-sheet Stability Hypotheses sents the Stephen E. Dwornik Best Student NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C., from an Antarctic Perspective.” Paper Awards annually to students who early in the summer. are pursuing advanced degrees in plane- SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY DIVISION tary sciences. The awards are presented QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND The Sedimentary Geology Division each year for papers given in March at the GEOMORPHOLOGY DIVISION presented its 1996 award for an outstand- Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. The Quaternary Geology and Geo- ing student research proposal to Laura Ann Recipients of the 1996 awards are Cather- morphology Division awarded the Arthur Banfield, Rice University, for “Comparative ine Weitz, Brown University, best oral pre- D. Howard Research Grant to David P. sentation, for “Eruption and Emplacement Bouchard, Utah State University, for Grants continued on p. 35

26 GSA TODAY, October 1996 THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Nomination for Penrose Medal, Day Medal, or Honorary Fellowship (please circle one)

NAME OF CANDIDATE: ______ADDRESS: ______Telephone: ______

REQUIRED INFORMATION (Please attach)

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Suggested sources: American Men and Women of Science, Who’s Who in America GSA Service Record (obtainable from headquarters) Other

SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOLOGY Not more than 200 words.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY No more than 20 titles.

LETTERS OF SUPPORT Nominations for any one of these three awards MUST BE SUPPORTED by signed letters from five (5) GSA Fellows or Members in addition to the person making the nomination. The letters may be attached to this nomination form or may be sent to the Executive Director separately. Supporting letters must discuss the original research and scientific advances of the candidates. Please also verify all other supporting data.

Name of person making the nomination: ______Phone: ______

Address: ______

Date: ______Signature: ______

Letters of support will be submitted by:

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

RETURN TO: GSA Executive Director, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, Phone: (303) 447-2020

DEADLINE: Completed nominations must be received by February 3, 1997. To be considered, nomination materials must meet the above criteria. Reprints or articles will not be accepted.

GSA TODAY, October 1996 27 Call for Nominations criteria. Nominations for the 1997 award must include: • biographical information, Young Scientist Award (Donath Medal) • a summary of the candidate’s scientific contributions to geology (200 words or less), The Young Scientist Award was the Donath Medal, and a cash prize of • a selected bibliography (no more than established in 1988 to be awarded to a $15,000 was endowed by Dr. and Mrs. 10 titles), young scientist (35 or younger during Fred A. Donath. • supporting letters from five scientists the year in which the award is to be For the year 1997, only those candidates in addition to the person making the presented) for outstanding achievement born on or after January 1, 1962, are eligible nomination. in contributing to geologic knowledge for consideration. In choosing candidates Nominations for the 1997 Young through original research that marks a for the Young Scientist Award, scientific Scientist Award must be received at major advance in the earth sciences. The achievement and age will be the sole GSA headquarters by February 3, 1997. ■ award, consisting of a gold medal called

GSA Medalists and Honorary Fellows

Richard A. F. Penrose, Jr., Medalists

1927 Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin 1941 Norman Levi Bowen 1955 Maurice Gignoux 1969 Francis Birch 1983 G. Arthur Cooper 1928 Jakob Johannes Sederholm 1942 Charles Kenneth Leith 1956 Arthur Holmes 1970 Ralph Alger Bagnold 1984 Donald E. White 1929 No award given 1943 No award given 1957 Bruno Sander 1971 Marshall Kay 1985 Rudolf Trümpy 1930 Francois Alfred 1944 Bailey Willis 1958 James Gilluly 1972 Wilmot H. Bradley 1986 Laurence L. Sloss Antoine Lacroix 1945 Felix Andries Vening-Meinesz 1959 Adolf Knopf 1973 M. King Hubbert 1987 Marland P. Billings 1931 William Morris Davis 1946 T. Wayland Vaughan 1960 Walter Herman Bucher 1974 William Maurice Ewing 1988 Robert S. Dietz 1932 Edward Oscar Ulrich 1947 Arthur Louis Day 1961 Philip Henry Kuenen 1975 Francis J. Pettijohn 1989 Warren Bell Hamilton 1933 Waldemar Lindgren 1948 Hans Cloos 1962 Alfred Sherwood Romer 1976 Preston Cloud 1990 Norman D. Newell 1934 Charles Schuchert 1949 Wendell P. Woodring 1963 William Walden Rubey 1977 Robert P. Sharp 1991 William R. Dickinson 1935 Reginald Aldworth Daly 1950 Morley Evans Wilson 1964 Donnel Foster Hewett 1978 Robert M. Garrels 1992 John Frederick Dewey 1936 Arthur Philemon Coleman 1951 Pentti Eskola 1965 Philip Burke King 1979 J Harlen Bretz 1993 Alfred G. Fischer 1937 No award given 1952 George Gaylord Simpson 1966 Harry H. Hess 1980 Hollis D. Hedberg 1994 Luna B. Leopold 1938 Andrew Cowper Lawson 1953 Esper S. Larsen, Jr. 1967 Herbert Harold Read 1981 John Rodgers 1995 John C. Crowell 1939 William Berryman Scott 1954 Arthur Francis Buddington 1968 J. Tuzo Wilson 1982 Aaron C. Waters 1996 John Robert Lawrence Allen 1940 Nelson Horatio Darton

Arthur L. Day Medalists

1948 George W. Morey 1958 John Verhoogen 1968 Frederick J. Vine 1978 Samuel Epstein 1988 Claude J. Allègre 1949 William Maurice Ewing 1959 Sir Edward C. Bullard 1969 Harold C. Urey 1979 Walter M. Elsasser 1989 Dan McKenzie 1950 Francis Birch 1960 Konrad B. Krauskopf 1970 Gerald J. Wasserburg 1980 Henry G. Thode 1990 William S. Fyfe 1951 Martin J. Buerger 1961 Willard F. Libby 1971 Hans P. Eugster 1981 Donald L. Turcotte 1991 Ian Carmichael 1952 Sterling Hendricks 1962 Hatten Schuyler Yoder 1972 Frank Press 1982 Eugene M. Shoemaker 1992 Susan Werner Kieffer 1953 John F. Schairer 1963 Keith Edward Bullen 1973 David T. Griggs 1983 Harmon Craig 1993 Hugh P. Taylor, Jr. 1954 Marion King Hubbert 1964 James Burleigh Thompson, Jr. 1974 A. E. Ringwood 1984 Wallace S. Broecker 1994 David Walker 1955 Earl Ingerson 1965 Walter H. Munk 1975 Allan Cox 1985 Freeman Gilbert 1995 Thomas J. Ahrens 1956 Alfred O. C. Nier 1966 Robert M. Garrels 1976 Hans Ramberg 1986 E-an Zen 1996 Robert A. Berner 1957 Hugo Benioff 1967 O. Frank Tuttle 1977 Akiho Miyashiro 1987 Don L. Anderson

Young Scientist Award (Donath Medalists)

1989 Mark Cloos 1991 Brian Philip Wernicke 1993 Michael Gurnis 1995 Ward Earl Sanford 1996 Paul R. Bierman 1990 Leigh Handy Royden 1992 John Peter Grotzinger 1994 An Yin

Honorary Fellows

Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin Gabriel Dengo Emilie Jäger B. P. Radhakrishna Ali Mehmet Celal S¸ engör Neil Armstrong Kingsley C. Dunham Ihsan Ketin Hans Ramberg Boris Sergeevich Sokolov Jean A. Aubouin Stanislaw Dzulynski Teiichi Kobayashi Victor A. Ramos Richard L. Stanton Krzysztof Ludwik Birkenmajer François Ellenberger Hans Laubscher John G. Ramsay Rashid A. Khan Tahirkheli Alfonso Bosellini Hans Füchtbauer Henno Martin Alfred Rittmann Paul Tapponnier George Malcolm Brown William S. Fyfe Michael W. McElhinny Alexander B. Ronov Bernard P. Tissot S. Warren Carey Augusto Gansser German K. Müller Rupert W. R. Rutland Livio Trevisan Maria Bianca Cita David Headley Green Mervyn Silas Paterson Kristján Sæmundsson Rudolf Trümpy Michael Collins Francisco Hervé Leo Y. Picard Rushdi Said Guangzhi Tu William Compston Dorothy Hill Wallace S. Pitcher Hitoshi Sakai Harry B. Whittington Douglas Saxon Coombs Ferenc Horvath Jean Piveteau Mircea Sandulescu Alwyn Williams P. G. Cooray Kenneth J. Hsü Isabella Premoli-Silva Harrison Hagan Schmitt Yang Zun-yi Bruno d’Argenio Valdar Jaanusson Desmond A. Pretorius Eugen Seibold

28 GSA TODAY, October 1996 THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Nomination for 1997 Young Scientist Award (Donath Medal)

NAME OF CANDIDATE:______Date of birth:______For the year 1997, only those candidates born on or after January 1, 1962, are eligible for consideration.

ADDRESS: ______

REQUIRED INFORMATION (Please attach)

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Provide in a format similar to that found in American Men and Women of Science, Who’s Who in America.

SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOLOGY Not more than 200 words.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY No more than 10 titles.

LETTERS OF SUPPORT Nominations for the Donath Medal MUST BE SUPPORTED by signed letters from five (5) scientists in addition to the person mak- ing the nomination. The letters may be attached to this nomination form or may be sent to the Executive Director separately.

Name of person making the nomination: ______

Address: ______

Date: ______Signature: ______

Letters of support will be submitted by:

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

RETURN TO: GSA Executive Director P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, CO 80301 Phone: (303) 447-2020

DEADLINE: Completed nominations must be received by February 3, 1997. To be considered, nomination materials must meet the above criteria. Reprints or articles will not be accepted.

GSA TODAY, October 1996 29 Call For Nominations Call for 1999 National Awards (Deadline: April 30, 1997) Nominations Nominations for the national awards described below are being solicited for 1999. for 1997 GSA Each year GSA members have been invited to participate by recommending possible candidates. Distinguished Those who wish to make nominations are urged to do so by sending background information and vitae, and specifying the award for which the candidate is being sub- Service Award mitted by April 30, 1997, to the GSA External Awards Committee, P.O. Box 9140, Boul- der, CO 80301, (303) 447-2020, fax 303-447-1133. The nomination process is coordi- The GSA Distinguished Service nated by AGI on behalf of its member societies, and a roster of candidates will be Award was established by Council finalized by the AGI Member Society Council at its spring 1998 meeting for nomination in 1988 to recognize individuals to the respective offices sponsoring the national awards. for their exceptional service to the Society. GSA Members, Fellows, WILLIAM T. PECORA AWARD The award is given to a senior Associates, or, in exceptional cir- The Pecora Award, sponsored jointly statesman of science and technology and cumstances, GSA employees may by NASA and the Department of the Inte- complements the NSF’s Alan T. Waterman be nominated for consideration. rior, is presented annually in recognition Award, which is given to a promising Any GSA member or employee may of outstanding contributions of individu- young scientist. The two awards are make a nomination for the award. als or groups toward the understanding designed to encourage individuals to Awardees will be selected by the of Earth by means of remote sensing. seek the highest levels of achievement Executive Committee, and all selec- The award recognizes contributions in science, engineering, and service to tions must be ratified by the Coun- of those in the scientific and technical humanity. cil. Awards may be made annually, community as well as those involved in The nomination should be accompa- or less frequently, at the discretion the practical application of remote sens- nied by a complete biography and a brief of Council. This award will be pre- ing. Consideration will be given to sus- citation summarizing the nominee’s scien- sented during the Annual Meeting tained or single contributions of major tific or technological contributions to our of the Society. Letters of nomination importance to the art or science of the national welfare in promotion of the and any supporting information understanding of Earth through observa- progress of science. should be addressed to Executive tions made from space. Director, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boul- ALAN T. WATERMAN AWARD der, CO 80301. NATIONAL MEDAL OF SCIENCE The Waterman Award is presented The medal is awarded by the Presi- annually by the NSF and National Science Deadline for nominations for dent to individuals “deserving of special Board to an outstanding young researcher 1997 is March 3, 1997. recognition by reason of their outstanding in any field of science or engineering sup- Recipients to date: contributions to knowledge in the physi- ported by NSF. 1988 ...... Campbell Craddock cal, biological, mathematical, engineering, Candidates must be U.S. citizens or Robert D. Hatcher, Jr. or social and behavioral sciences.” permanent residents and must be 35 years Eldridge M. Moores There are now many younger Ameri- of age or younger, OR not more than five William A. Thomas can scientists and engineers who may be years beyond receipt of the Ph.D. degree 1990 ...... William B. Heroy, Jr. reaching a point where their contributions by December 31 of the year in which 1991 ...... Dorothy M. Palmer are worthy of recognition. The committee nominated. 1992 ...... A. R. (Pete) Palmer is giving increasing attention to these Candidates should have completed 1993 ...... Michel T. Halbouty individuals as well as to those outstanding sufficient scientific or engineering research 1994 ...... F. Michael Wahl women and minority scientists who to have demonstrated, through personal 1995 ...... John E. Costa deserve recognition. accomplishments, outstanding capability Henry T. Mullins and exceptional promise for significant Arthur G. Sylvester VANNEVAR BUSH AWARD future achievement. 1996 ...... David M. Fountain The Vannevar Bush Award is pre- Remember: Background information Royann (Gardner) Cygan sented from time to time to a person who, and vitae of nominated candidates should Louis C. Pakiser, Jr. through public service activities in science be sent by April 30, 1997, to the GSA Anthony Reso and technology, has made an outstanding External Awards Committee, P.O. Box contribution toward the welfare of 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. ■ mankind and the nation. GSA BOOKSTORE Help Direct GSA’s Future The GSA Committee on Nominations requests your help in compiling a list DENVER of GSA members qualified for service as officers and councilors of the Society. GSA off The committee requests that each nomination be accompanied by basic data Members DNAG and a description of the qualifications of the individual for the position recom- save publications mended (vice president, treasurer, councilor). Nominations for 1998 officers and councilors must be received at GSA head- 45% quarters no later than FEBRUARY 18, 1997. We’ll Be Open On Thursday Please send nominations and back-up material to Administrative Depart- 9:00 to 3:00 STOP BY! ment, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301.

30 GSA TODAY, October 1996

Preliminary Announcement and Call for Papers fax (205) 547-6390; and Robert B. Cook, Auburn University, (334) 844-4891, [email protected]. SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, GSA 4. The Wetumpka Astrobleme. Tony 46th Annual Meeting Neathery, 1212-H 15th St. E., Tuscaloosa, AL 23505, (205) 553-5466; and David T. Auburn, Alabama King, Jr., Auburn University, (334) March 27–28, 1997 844-4882, [email protected]. 5. Comparison of the Pine Mountain Belt Cover Sequence with Basal Pale- ozoic Rocks in the Talladega Slate he 1997 meeting of the Southeastern Section of the Geological Society of America in Belt, Alabama. Denny Bearce, Dept. of Auburn, Alabama, will be hosted by the Auburn University Department of Geology. T Geology, University of Alabama at Birm- ingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, (205) SETTING abstract forms. These forms are available 934-2439, [email protected]; from the Abstracts Coordinator, Geologi- James Tull, Dept. of Geology, Florida State Auburn is situated along the bound- cal Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, (904) ary between the Piedmont and Gulf Boulder, CO 80301, (303) 447-2020, 644-4214, [email protected]; and Coastal Plain provinces, a one-hour drive ext. 161, E-mail: [email protected]. Mark Steltenpohl, Auburn University, east of the Valley and Ridge. Auburn lies An original and five copies of all (334) 844-4893, [email protected]. 50 miles east of Montgomery, the state abstracts (volunteered and invited) should 6. Mylonites of the Pine Mountain capital, 110 miles southeast of Birming- be sent to Charles E. Savrda, Dept. of Window, Alabama. Thomas Hanley, ham, and 110 miles west of Atlanta, Geor- Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, Dept. of Chemistry & Geology, Columbus gia, and is near Horseshoe Bend National AL 36849. We encourage participants in College, Columbus, GA 31907-5645, Military Park, FDR’s Warm Springs Little symposia and theme sessions to send an (706) 568-2075, hanley_tom@mercury. White House, and Callaway Gardens. extra copy to the convener of the session. csg.peachnet.edu; and Mark Steltenpohl, The GSA Southeastern Section meeting Abstracts will be reviewed for information Auburn University, (334) 844-4893, will be held at the Auburn University content, format, and originality. GSA rules [email protected]. Hotel and Conference Center. Auburn is prohibit individuals from presenting more 7. Self-guided Tour of the Geology of easily reached by car via Interstate 85 and than one volunteered abstract. Abstracts Chewacla State Park: Grenville Base- by shuttle service from Atlanta’s Hartsfield submitted for symposia are not affected ment and Pine Mountain Group International Airport. by this limitation. Cover Sequence, Pine Mountain Window, Alabama. Brandon Coates, CALL FOR PAPERS FIELD TRIPS Auburn University Geology Club, Auburn Papers are invited for presentation in University, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) Auburn’s central location to the Pied- oral technical sessions, symposia, theme 844-4282, [email protected]. mont, Valley and Ridge, and Gulf Coastal sessions, and poster sessions. Although 8. Teachers’ Field Trip to Selected Plain provinces makes it an excellent base papers dealing with all aspects of the Exposures in the Piedmont and for many interesting field trips. Contact southeastern or Appalachian regions of Coastal Plain Provinces near the field trip leaders listed below for the United States are especially encour- Auburn, Alabama. Jack Carrington, details about particular field trips. For aged, papers dealing with other regions are Auburn University, (334) 844-4282, general questions concerning field trips, or also welcome. Abstracts not accepted for [email protected]. if you are interested in proposing an addi- symposia (invited) or theme (volunteered) tional field trip, please contact James A. sessions will be considered for regular SYMPOSIA Saunders, field trip coordinator, (334) technical sessions. 844-4884, [email protected]. In addition to the general discipline The postal address for all Auburn sessions, 16 symposia are already planned REGISTRATION Univeristy field trip leaders is: Dept. for the meeting. Anyone interested in Preregistration Deadline: of Geology, Auburn Univeristy, Auburn, these should contact the conveners for February 21, 1997 AL 36849-5305. information. Individuals with suggestions for additional symposia are encouraged Please preregister to qualify for lower Field Trips—Tentative to contact Charles E. Savrda, Dept. of registration fees and to assist the local 1. Salt Mountain Limestone: A Pale- Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, committee in planning. On-site registra- ocene Coral-Algal-Sponge Reef, AL 36849-5305, (334) 844-4887, savrdce@ tion, at a higher fee, will also be available. Southwestern Alabama. Jonathan R. mail.auburn.edu. The postal address for A reduced registration fee during the pre- Bryan, Earth Sciences, Okaloosa-Walton all Auburn University conveners is: Dept. registration period will be offered to stu- Community College, 100 College Blvd., of Geology, Auburn Univeristy, Auburn dents and to precollege teachers. Field trip Niceville, FL 32578, (904) 729-5246, AL 36849-5305. participants must register for the meeting. [email protected]. 1. Phanerozoic Organic Buildups of Preregistration by mail will be han- 2. Sedimentology of Carboniferous the Southeastern United States (SE dled by the GSA Registration Coordinator, Foreland Basin Deposits in Alabama. Paleontological Society). Frank K. (Ken) P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Sponsored by SEPM. Jack Pashin, Alabama McKinney, Dept. of Geology, Appalachian Registration forms will appear in the Jan- Geological Survey, P.O. Box O, Tuscaloosa, State University, Boone, NC 28608, (704) uary 1997 issue of GSA Today. AL 35486-4780, (205) 349-2852; and 262-2748, [email protected]; and Robert A. Gastaldo, Auburn University, Carl W. Stock, Dept. of Geology, Univer- ABSTRACTS (334) 844-4885, [email protected]. sity of Alabama, Box 870338, Tuscaloosa, Abstract Deadline: 3. Industrial Minerals and Rocks of AL 35487-0338, (205) 348-1883, cstock@ December 2, 1996 the Southeast. Robert S. Fousek, McCart- wgs.geo.ua.edu. ney Construction Co., Inc., P.O. Box 1890, Abstracts for all sessions must be sub- Gadsden, AL 35902-1890, (205) 547-6386, mitted camera-ready on official 1997 GSA Southeastern continued on p. 33

32 GSA TODAY, October 1996 Southeastern continued from p. 32 University, (334) 844-4878, lwolf@geology. nooga, TN 37403, (615) 755- 4404, jmies@ auburn.edu. utcvm.utc.edu; and Rick Groshong, Dept. 2. Groundwater Geochemistry, 7. Biomineralization. Roger M. Leblanc, of Geology, University of Alabama, Bevill Microbiology, and Bioremediation. Dept. of Chemistry, University of Miami, Building, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0338, (205) Sponsored by the GSA Institute for Envi- 1301 Memorial Drive, Room 315, P.O. 348-5095, [email protected]. ronmental Education. James A. Saunders, Box 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0431, 12. Precambrian Evolution of the Auburn University, (334) 844-4884, (305) 284-2282, [email protected]. Southern Appalachians. Steven [email protected]; and W. Berry miami.edu. Goldberg, Dept. of Geology, University Lyons, Dept. of Geology, University of 8. Solid Earth Science: The Founda- of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, (205) tion of Ecosystem Management and 27599-3315, (919) 962-0692, 348-0583, [email protected]. Defendable Environmental Regula- [email protected]. 3. Modern Analogs in Paleontology. tions. Walt Schmidt, Florida Geological 13. Tectonics and Isotopes in the Ronald D. Lewis, Auburn University, (334) Survey, 903 W. Tennessee St., Tallahassee, Appalachians. Jim Hibbard, Marine, 844-4886, [email protected]; and FL 32304-7700, (904) 488-4191, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Sally Walker, Dept. of Geology, University [email protected]. Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, (706) 9. Coastal Sedimentology. W. F. 27695-8208, (919) 515-7242, jhibbard@ 542-2652, [email protected]. Tanner, Dept. of Geology, Florida State ncsu.edu; and Scott Samson, Dept. of 4. Industrial Minerals and Rocks of University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3026, Earth Sciences, Syracuse University, Syra- the Southeast. Robert B. Cook, Auburn (904) 644-3208. cuse, NY 13244-1070, (315) 443-2672, University, (334) 844-4891, cookrob@ 10. Quantitative Studies of the Pres- [email protected]. mail.auburn.edu; and Robert S. Fousek, sures, Temperatures and Durations 14. Characteristics of Paleogene McCartney Construction Co., Inc., P.O. of Metamorphic Processes. Bill Hames, Epoch Boundaries in the Eastern Box 1890, Gadsden, AL 35902-1890, Auburn University, (334) 844-4881, Gulf Coastal Plain: Biotic and Physi- (205) 547-6386, fax 205-547-6390. [email protected]; and Harold cal Events. Barry Tew, Geological Survey 5. Current Directions in Archaeolog- Stowell, Dept. of Geology, University of of Alabama, P.O. Box O, Tuscaloosa, AL ical Geology of Late and Post-Pleis- Alabama, 202 Bevill Building, Tuscaloosa, 35486-9780, (205) 349-2852, nick@ tocene Environments. Erv Garrison, AL 35487-0338, (205) 348-5095, hstowell@ sand.gsa.tuscaloosa.al.us; and Ernie Dept. of Anthropology, Baldwin Hall, wgs.geo.ua.edu. Mancini, Dept. of Geology, University of University of Georgia, Athens, GA 11. Mechanisms of Folding and Alabama, Bevill Building, Tuscaloosa, AL 30602-1619, (706) 542-3922, egarriso@ Fracturing in Appalachian Foreland- 35487-0338, (205) 348-5095, emancini@ sherlock.dac.uga.edu. style Structures. Jon Mies, Dept. of wgs.geo.ua.edu. 6. Geophysical Studies of the Shal- Physics, Geology & Astronomy, University low Subsurface. Lorraine Wolf, Auburn of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chatta- Southeastern continued on p. 34 Southeastern continued from p. 33 36688, (334) 460-6381, dhaywick@ NAGT WORKSHOP jaguar1.usouthal.edu. The National Association of Geo- 15. Animal-Substrate Relations in 8. Undergraduate Research Poster science Teachers and the National Science Modern and Ancient Environments. Session (Council on Undergraduate Education Division of Undergraduate Edu- Anthony J. Martin, Geosciences Program, Research). Jack Beuthin, University of cation will sponsor a Workshop on Inno- Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, Pittsburgh, Johnstown, PA 15904, (814) vative and Effective Teaching. This work- (404) 727-6476, paleoman@learnlink. 269-2945; and Bill Ranson, Dept. of shop, planned for Saturday, March 29, is emory.edu. Geology, Furman University, Greenville, intended for faculty and graduate students 16. Recent Advances in Southeastern SC 29613, (803) 294-2052, ranson_bill@ who are interested in learning more about Vertebrate Paleontology. David furman.edu. effective and innovative teaching strate- Schwimmer, Dept. of Chemistry & 9. K–12 and Introductory Earth gies. For more information, please contact Geology, Columbus College, Columbus, Science Education. Tom Hanley, R. Heather MacDonald, Dept. of Geology, GA 31907-5645, schwimmer_david@ Dept. of Chemistry & Geology, Columbus College of William and Mary, Williams- colstate.edu. College, Columbus, GA 31907-5645, burg, VA 23187, (757) 221-2443, (706) 568-2075, [email protected]. [email protected]. THEME SESSIONS peachnet.edu; and Jack Carrington, Dept. of Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, Several theme sessions (all papers vol- OTHER EARTH SCIENCE AL 36849-5305, (334) 844-4882, unteered) are planned, as indicated below. EDUCATION PROGRAMS [email protected]. Individuals interested in convening an 10. Remote Sensing in Geology. Phil Two half-day theme sessions (theme additional theme session should contact Manker, Dept. of Geology and Physics, session 9, above) and a one-day field trip Charles E. Savrda, Dept. of Geology, Georgia Southwestern State University, (field trip 8, above) are planned for K–12 Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, Americus, GA 31709, (912) 931-2330, and college-level introductory geology (334) 844-4887, [email protected]. [email protected]. teachers. Those interested should contact 1. Advances in Southeastern 11. GIS Applications in Geology. either Jack Carrington, Dept. of Geology, Cretaceous Geology. David T. King, Jr., Greg Easson, University of Mississippi, Auburn University, Auburn, AL Dept. of Geology, Auburn University, Geology and Geological Engineering, 36849-5305, (334) 844-4882, carrith@ Auburn, AL 36849-5305, (334) 844-4882, 1180 Carrier Hall, University, MS 38677, mail.auburn.edu, or Tom Hanley, Dept. [email protected]. (601) 232-5995, [email protected]. of Chemistry & Geology, Columbus 2. Rock and Fluid Chemistry of olemiss.edu College, Columbus, GA 31907-5645, Brittle Fault Zones. Jaffar Hadizadeh, (706) 568-2075, hanley_tom@mercury. 325 Natural Science Building, University POSTER SESSIONS csg.peachnet.edu. of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, (502) 852-6821, [email protected]. Four half-day poster sessions are ROY SHLEMON MENTORS IN 3. Piedmont Subsurface Hydrology. planned; we encourage poster contribu- APPLIED GEOLOGY PROGRAM: John Dowd and David Wenner, Dept. of tions because they permit extended discus- WORKSHOP FOR STUDENTS Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, sions. Please indicate your preference for a GA 30602, (706) 542-2382/2393, poster session on the GSA abstract form. The Roy Shlemon Mentors in Applied [email protected]. Geology Program, sponsored by the GSA 4. Field Mapping in the Southern STUDENT RESEARCH PROGRAMS Institute for Environmental Education, is Appalachians: A Poster Session in Memory a new program developed to present work- Sigma Gamma Epsilon will sponsor of J. Robert Butler. Steven Goldberg, Dept. shops for upper-level undergraduate and an oral theme session (theme session 7, of Geology, University of North Carolina, graduate students. A workshop on applied above) devoted to student research. The Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3315, (919) ground-water microbiology and applica- session is designed to showcase student 962-0692, [email protected]; tions to bioremediation is planned for Sat- scholarship without restriction on subject and Jon Mies, Dept. of Physics, Geology urday morning and a field excursion that matter, classification, or membership in & Astronomy, University of Tennessee at afternoon, weather permitting. A Friday Sigma Gamma Epsilon. Interested students Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, symposium on Groundwater Geochem- should contact either Don Neal, Dept. of (615) 755-4404, [email protected]. istry, Microbiology, and Bioremediation Geology, East Carolina University, Green- 5. New Developments in the Geology (symposium 2) precedes the workshop. ville, NC 27858-4353, (919) 328-6360, of the Piedmont. Alberto Patino-Douce, There is no charge to students for this [email protected], or Douglas Dept. of Geology, University of Georgia, short course, but space is limited. Inter- Haywick, Dept. of Geology & Geography, Athens, GA 30602, (706) 542- 2652. ested students should contact James A. University of South Alabama, LSCB 136, 6. Coastal Response to Environmen- Saunders, Dept. of Geology, Auburn Uni- Mobile, AL 36688, (334) 460-6381, tal Change. Ron Hoenstine, Florida Geo- versity, Auburn, AL 36849-5303, (334) [email protected]. logical Survey, Gunter Building, 902 W. 844-4884, [email protected]. The Council for Undergraduate Tennessee St., Tallahassee, FL 32304-7700, Research will sponsor a student poster (904) 488-9380, [email protected]. PROJECTION AND session (theme session 8, above), to show- fl.us; and Joseph Donoghue, Dept. of POSTER FACILITIES case senior theses and other undergradu- Geology, Florida State University, Tallahas- ate research projects. First authors must Please bring your own loaded carousel see, FL 32306, (904) 644-4214, jdonoghu@ be undergraduate students and responsible trays, if possible. Two 35-mm slide projec- garnet.acns.fsu.edu. for the bulk of the research, preparation of tors and screens will be available for each 7. Student Research Activities (Sigma posters, and presentation of the results. oral technical session. Overhead projectors Gamma Epsilon). Don Neal, Dept. of Geol- For more information, contact either Jack will be available only by prior arrange- ogy, East Carolina University, Greenville, Beuthin, University of Pittsburgh, John- ment. NC 27858-4353, (919) 328-6360, glneal@ stown, PA 15904, (814) 269-2945, or Bill Posters will consist of one horizon- ecuvm.cis.ecu.edu; and Douglas Haywick, Ranson, Dept. of Geology, Furman Univer- tally hung 4' × 8' foam board. Poster ses- Dept. of Geology & Geography, University sity, Greenville, SC 29613, (803) 294-2052, sions will be set up for four hours, and of South Alabama, LSCB 136, Mobile, AL [email protected]. Southeastern continued on p. 35

34 GSA TODAY, October 1996 Southeastern continued from p. 34 ACCOMMODATIONS More detailed information concern- ing fees and registration, hotel accommo- A block of rooms at the Auburn Hotel authors will be available for two hours dations, field trips, and other activities will and Conference Center, the site of the to discuss their work. appear in the January 1997 issue of GSA meeting, has been reserved for attendees, Today and as part of the GSA Southeastern at a special reduced rate of $72 per night EXHIBITS Section Abstracts with Programs for 1997. for either single or double occupancy. Direct questions and suggestions to the Exhibit facilities for business, educa- local committee co-chairmen, Mark tional, and governmental institutions will WELCOME PARTY AND Steltenpohl ([email protected]) be located conveniently in the Auburn GUEST ACTIVITIES and Robert A. Gastaldo (gastara@mail. University Hotel and Conference Center, The welcome party Wednesday auburn.edu), Dept. of Geology, Auburn adjacent to the technical sessions. The evening will be in the atrium of the University, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, number of booths is limited, so plan to Auburn Alumni Center. All party attendees (334) 844-4282. ■ reserve space early. Exhibits will be open must be registered; on-site registration will all day Thursday and on Friday morning. be available in the Hotel and Conference For further information and space reserva- Center lobby prior to the party. tions, contact Ron Lewis, Auburn Univer- Guests may wish to attend trips sity, (334) 844-4886, lewisrd@mail. planned to beautiful Callaway Gardens on auburn.edu. Thursday and/or historic Horseshoe Bend National Military Park on Friday. Scenic STUDENT TRAVEL GRANTS Chewacla State Park is only a 4-mile drive Limited funds for support of travel from the Hotel and Conference Center. expenses for students presenting papers VisitVisit thethe at the meeting are available from the GSA OTHER INFORMATION Southeastern Section. Students must be The GSA Southeastern Section main- members of GSA to apply. For informa- tains a World Wide Web site that can be tion, contact Harold Stowell, Dept. of GSAGSA BookstoreBookstore accessed at http://www.geo.ua.edu/segsa/ Geology, University of Alabama, segsa.html. This home page contains Tuscaloosa, AL 35486, (205) 348-5098, information about the management [email protected]. Travel grant AT ALL THE board, meetings, and student support requests must be postmarked no later for travel and research. 1997 SECTION MEETINGS than March 3, 1997.

Grants continued from p. 26 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND Region of Central Oregon,” and Olivier TECTONICS DIVISION Vanderhaeghe, University of Minnesota, Analysis of the Relationship Between The Structural Geology and Tectonics for “The Role of Partial Melting During Continental Shelf, Slope, and Basin Floor Division presented its 11th annual awards Late-Orogenic Collapse: The Shuswap Depositional Environments of the Deltaic for outstanding student research this year Metamorphic Core Complex, British Rio Grande System and the Neighboring to Mark A. Hemphill-Haley, University of Columbia, Canada.” ■ Interfluve in the Western Gulf of Mexico, Oregon, for “Investigation of Geometry, Utilizing Sedimentology and High Resolu- Mode of Displacement, and Activity or tion Sequence Stratigraphy.” Faults Within the Cascadia Back-Arc

the annual research grants awarded to qualified graduate stu- SECTION RESEARCH GRANTS dents within the section will be announced later this year.

NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION SOUTHEASTERN SECTION The North-Central Section awards grants for undergraduate GSA’s Southeastern Section awarded research grants to nine research projects to students who attend a college or university graduate students this year: Michael Bizimis and Zi-qiang Chen, within the North-Central Section geographic area. Research Florida State University; Steven Jusczuk and Peter Nester, Uni- proposals are submitted and evaluated competitively. Recipients versity of Tennessee, Knoxville; David C. King and Bryant for 1996 are Katherine Cooper, Miami University; Brian Mar- Ramirez, University of Kentucky, Lexington; Anthony M. low, University of Toledo; Jeffrey W. Menken, Illinois State Uni- Rizzuti, University of South Carolina, Columbia; Steve Taylor, versity; Tara L. Schrader, Indiana University/Purdue University; West Virginia University; and Berry H. Tew, Jr., University of Karen Viskupic, Washington University; Sarah R. Vlachos, Iowa Alabama, Tuscaloosa. State University; and Michele H. Zimmer, University of Akron. NORTHEASTERN SECTION SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION The Northeastern Section awarded grants to five under- The South-Central Section awarded grants to seven under- graduate students. The 1996 recipients are Mary Jo Alfano, graduate students who attend colleges or universities within the Hartwick College; Andrew C. Flint, Colby College; Richard M. South-Central Section geographic area as follows: Ryan Foster, Hodgson, Rutgers University, Newark; Jennifer McCord- Baylor University; J. Matthew Herrin, University of Oklahoma; Thompson, Kean College of New Jersey; and Brian R. Roosa, Steven J. Kivett, University of Houston; Aaron John Kullman, SUNY, Oneonta. University of Texas, San Antonio; Lisa Rottinghause, Baylor Uni- versity; Demetra Salisbury, University of Arkansas; and Pendle- The CORDILLERAN and ROCKY MOUNTAIN Sections do not ton Wickersham, Rice University. The names of the recipients of currently offer student research grants.

GSA TODAY, October 1996 35 VOLUME 24 NO. 10 October BULLETIN and P. 865Ð960 GEOLOGY Contents OCTOBER 1996 867 Carbon isotopes and the rise of atmospheric oxygen Juha A. Karhu, Heinrich D. Holland 871 Eastern Variscan fold belt: Paleomagnetic evidence for oroclinal The Geological Society of America bending J. A. Tait, V. Bachtadse, H. Soffel 875 Modeling of porosity loss during compaction and cementation of sandstones Volume 108, Number 10, October 1996 Claire Lemee, Yves Gueguen 879 Archean gold mineralization synchronous with the final stages of CONTENTS cratonization, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia Adam J. R. Kent, Kevin F. Cassidy, C. Mark Fanning 1199Ð1211 Hydrovolcanic processes forming basaltic tuff rings and cones on Cheju Island, Korea 883 Time and process rates over the past 100 m.y.: A case for dramatically increased landscape denudation rates during the Young Kwan Sohn late Quaternary in northern Australia Jonathan Nott, Richard G. Roberts 1212Ð1224 Morphology, hydrology, and evolution of the anastomosing Ovens and King Rivers, Victoria, Australia 888 Lowstand tempestites: Depositional model for Cretaceous skeletal S. A. Schumm, Wayne D. Erskine, and John W. Tilleard limestones, Western Interior basin Bradley B. Sageman 1225Ð1241 Recurrence rates of volcanism in basaltic volcanic fields: An example 893 Limitations on lowstand meteoric diagenesis in the Pliocene- from the Springerville volcanic field, Arizona Pleistocene of Florida and Great Bahama Bank: Implications for C. D. Condit and C. B. Connor eustatic sea-level models Leslie A. Melim 1242Ð1255 Constraints on extension-related plutonism from modeling of the Col- orado River gravity high 897 Isotopic evidence from authigenic carbonates for rapid upward fluid flow in accretionary wedges Erin A. Campbell and Barbara E. John James C. Sample 1256Ð1274 Noyon Uul syncline, southern Mongolia: Lower Mesozoic sedimen- 901 Cenozoic postrift domal uplift of North Atlantic margins: tary record of the tectonic amalgamation of central Asia An asthenospheric diapirism model Marc S. Hendrix, Stephan A. Graham, Jerome Y. Amory, and Gombo- Max Rohrman, Peter van der Beek suren Badarch 905 Implications of a Lower Pennsylvanian Ultisol for equatorial Pangean climates and early, oligotrophic, forest ecosystems 1275Ð1294 Correlating palynofacies assemblages with sequence stratigraphy in Susan Gill, Keddy Yemane Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) sedimentary rocks of the Book Cliffs, east-central Utah 909 Phanerozoic deformation in the “stable” craton, Manitoba, Canada Francisca E. Oboh-Ikuenobe C. G. Elliott 913 Re-Os isotope and geochemical study of the Vredefort Granophyre: 1295Ð1313 The transition from Tethys to the Himalaya as recorded in northwest Clues to the origin of the Vredefort structure, South Africa Pakistan Christian Koeberl, Wolf Uwe Reimold, Steven B. Shirey David A. Pivnik and Neil A. Wells 917 Integrated Sr isotope variations and sea-level history of Middle to Influences upon the rates and mechanisms of chemical weathering and Upper Cambrian platform carbonates: Implications for the evolu- 1314Ð1327 tion of Cambrian seawater 87Sr/86Sr denudation as determined from watershed studies in Massachusetts Isabel P. Montanez, Jay L. Banner, David A. Osleger, Lars E. Borg, Richard Yuretich, Elizabeth Knapp, Virginia Irvine, Gail Batchelder, Paula J. Bosserman Ann McManamon, and Susan Pohanka Schantz 921 Continental boundaries of the Jalisco block and their influence in 1328Ð1341 Record of middle Pleistocene climate change from Buck Lake, Cas- the Pliocene-Quaternary kinematics of western Mexico cade Range, southern Oregon—Evidence from sediment magnetism, Jose Rosas-Elguera, Luca Ferrari, Victor Hugo Garduño-Monroy, Jaime Urrutia- Fucugauchi trace-element geochemistry, and pollen Joseph G. Rosenbaum, Richard L. Reynolds, David P. Adam, John 925 Microbial acetogenesis as a source of organic acids in ancient Drexler, Andrei M. Sarna-Wojcicki, and Gene C. Whitney Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments Francis H. Chapelle, Paul M. Bradley 1342Ð1355 Transport and deposition of plutonium-contaminated sediments by 929 Tectonic model explaining divergent contraction directions along fluvial processes, Los Alamos Canyon, New Mexico the Cascadia subduction margin, Washington William L. Graf Patricia A. McCrory 933 Extensional collapse along the Sevier Desert reflection, northern Sevier Desert basin, western United States James C. Coogan, Peter G. DeCelles 937 Circulation changes in the Faeroe-Shetland Channel correlating with cold events during the last glacial period (58–10 ka) Tine L. Rasmussen, Erik Thomsen, Laurent Labeyrie, Tjeerd C. E. van Weering 941 Source of the Lachlan fold belt flysch linked to convective removal of the lithospheric mantle and rapid exhumation of the Delamerian- ATTENTION Ross fold belt S. P. Turner, S. P. Kelley, A. H. M. VandenBerg, J. D. Foden, M. Sandiford, T. Flottmann 945 Radiaxial calcite: Alteration product of and petrographic proxy for AUTHORS magnesian calcite marine cement Paul A. Wilson, J. A. D. Dickson 949 Extensional collapse of the northern Taiwan mountain belt Need extra copies of your articles? Louis S. Teng 953 Paleomagnetic evidence of an early Paleozoic rotated terrane in CONTACT northwest Argentina: A clue for Gondwana-Laurentia interaction? C. M. Conti, A. E. Rapalini, B. Coira, M. Koukharsky GSA Marketing Reprints Services Forum 303-447-2020; 1-800-472-1988; fax 303-447-1133 957 No statistical support for sudden (or gradual) extinction of dinosaurs E-mail: [email protected] Comment: P. M. Sheehan, D. E. Fastovsky, R. G. Hoffmann, C. B. Barreto Reply: S. H. Hurlbert, J. D. Archibald P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 959 Corrections 960 Guidelines for Geology Authors

36 GSA TODAY, October 1996 CALENDAR Send notices of meetings of general interest, in format above, to Editor, GSA Today, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, E-mail: [email protected].

December Only new or changed information is being tute of Mining and Technology, 2808 Central Ave., December 5–7, Earth System Symposium, published in GSA Today. A complete listing SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, (505) 262-2774, North York, Ontario, Canada. Information: Vic can be found in the Calendar section on fax 505-255-5253, E-mail: haneberg@mailhost. Tyrer, Programs Branch, Ontario Science Centre, the Internet: http://www.geosociety.org. nmt.edu. For more information, see http:// www.nmt.edu/~haneberg/Fluids.html. 770 Don Mills Rd., North York, Ontario M3C 1T3, Canada, (416) 696-3255, fax 416-696-3197, 1997 Penrose Conferences September 23–28, Tectonics of Continental E-mail: [email protected]. Interiors, Cedar City, Utah. Information: Michael April Hamburger, Department of Geological Sciences, 1997 Meetings April 24–30, Paleocene-Eocene Boundary Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, (812) Events in Time and Space, Albuquerque, 855-2934, fax 812-855-7899, E-mail: hamburg@ April New Mexico. Information: Spencer Lucas, New ucs.indiana.edu. April 18–20, National Fossil Exposition XIX, Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Moun- Macomb, Illinois. Information: Karl Stuekerjergen, tain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104, (505) 1503 265th Ave., West Point, IA 52656, (319) 841-2873, fax 505-841-2866, E-mail: lucas@ 837-6690. darwin.nmmnh-abq.mus.nm.us. 1996 Meetings July September November July 7–10, 3rd International Airborne Remote September 10–15, Faults and Subsurface Fluid November 20–22, 2nd Annual Strategic Sensing Conference and Exhibition, Copen- Flow: Fundamentals and Applications to Environmental Research and Development hagen, Denmark. Information: Robert Rogers, Hydrogeology and Petroleum Geology, Program (SERDP) Symposium, Tysons Corner, ERIM Conferences, Box 134001, Ann Arbor, MI Albuquerque and Taos, New Mexico. Information: Virginia. Information: SERDP Support Office, Labat- 48113-4001, (313) 994-1200, ext. 3234, fax William C. Haneberg, New Mexico Bureau of Anderson Inc., 8000 Westpark Dr., Ste. 400, 313-994-5123, E-mail: [email protected], WWW: Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Insti- McLean, VA 22102. http://www.erim.org/CONF/.

GSA MEETINGS

1997 ANNUAL MEETING 1997 SECTION MEETINGS Salt Lake City, Utah NORTHEASTERN SECTION, March 17–19, Sheraton Valley October 20–23 Forge Hotel, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. Submit completed Salt Palace Convention Center abstracts to: Allan M. Thompson, Department of Geology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2541, (302) 831-2585, Little America Hotel [email protected]. Abstract Deadline: November 12, 1996. General Chair: M. Lee Allison, Utah Geological Survey Technical Program Chairs: John Bartley, Erich Petersen, SOUTH-CENTRAL and ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTIONS, University of Utah March 20–21, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas. Submit completed Field Trip Chairs: Bart Kowallis, Brigham Young University abstracts to: Elizabeth Y. Anthony, Department of Geological Sci- Paul Link, Idaho State University ences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968-0555, (915) 747-5483, [email protected]. Abstract Deadline: November 25, 1996. CALL FOR SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, March 27–28, Auburn University, 1997 CONTINUING EDUCATION Auburn, Alabama. Submit completed abstracts to: Charles E. Savrda, COURSE PROPOSALS Department of Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5305, Proposals Due by December 1 (334) 844-4887, [email protected]. Abstract Deadline: December 2, 1996. The GSA Committee on Continuing Education invites those interested in proposing a GSA-sponsored or cosponsored course or workshop to NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION, May 1–2, The Concourse Hotel, contact GSA headquarters for proposal guidelines. Continuing Educa- Madison, Wisconsin. Submit completed abstracts to: Bruce Brown, tion courses may be conducted in conjunction with all GSA annual or Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey, 3817 Mineral Point section meetings. We are particularly interested in receiving proposals Rd., Madison, WI 53705, (608) 263-3201, babrown1@facstaff. for the 1997 Salt Lake City Annual Meeting or the 1998 Toronto wisc.edu. Abstract Deadline: January 9, 1997. Annual Meeting. Proposals must be received by December 1, 1996. Selection of courses CORDILLERAN SECTION, May 21–23, Kona Surf Resort for 1997 will be made by February 1, 1997. For those planning ahead, and Convention Center, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. Submit completed we will also consider courses for 1998 at that time. abstracts to: Fred MacKenzie, Department of Oceanography, For proposal guidelines or information, contact: Edna Collis, Continu- University of Hawaii–SOEST, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, ing Education Coordinator, GSA headquarters, 800-472-1988, ext. 134, (808) 956-6344, [email protected]. Abstract Deadline: E-mail: [email protected] January 24, 1997.

FUTURE ANNUAL MEETINGS FOR INFORMATION ON ANY GSA MEETING 1998 — Toronto, Ontario ...... October 26–29 CALL THE GSA MEETINGS DEPARTMENT 1999 — Denver, Colorado ...... October 25–28 2000 — Reno, Nevada ...... November 13–16 1-800-472-1988 or (303) 447-2020, ext. 133 2001 — Boston, Massachusetts ...... November 5–8 E-mail: [email protected] or see GSA’s 2002 — Denver, Colorado ...... October 28–31 World Wide Web page at http://www.geosociety.org

GSA TODAY, October 1996 37 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or can- sor level. Minimum qualifications include a Ph.D. at the transcript showing highest degree should be sent by cellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office one time of appointment, a strong publication record, demon- November 15 to: Chair, Search Committee, Department of month prior. Contact Advertising Department (303) strated potential for developing and maintaining active Geology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, or research and teaching (undergraduate and graduate) pro- OH 43403. Bowling Green is an AA/EOC employer. Appli- E-mail:[email protected]. Please include com- grams, and substantial experience in the operation of a cations from underrepresented/protected groups are plete address, phone number, and E-mail address with all stable isotope laboratory, such that the successful candi- urged to apply. correspondence. date shows promise of being able to effectively supervise, support, and enhance the operation of a departmental PROFESSOR OF ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY Per line facility. The Department has a Nuclide isotope ratio mass We are seeking a creative scientist with an international Per Line for each spectrometer used for D/H measurements, and a Finnigan reputation in the field of isotope geochemistry with particu- for addt'l month MAT Delta E isotope ratio mass spectrometer employed lar experience in the application of radiogenic and noble Classification 1st month (same ad) for carbon and oxygen isotope ratio determinations and gas isotopes in geochronology and as tracers in the crust Situations Wanted $1.75 $1.40 associated extraction lines. A Secondary Ion Mass Spec- and mantle. The new professor will be responsible for the Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 trometer (SIMS) Laboratory also would be available for development of mass-spectrometric and related analytical Consultants $6.50 $5.50 use by the successful candidate. Opportunities exist for facilities, and coordinating research in the existing labora- Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 collaboration with numerous departmental programs, tory in isotope geochemistry/geology. Collaboration with Opportunities for Students related programs in other UNM departments, and pro- other research units in the Departments of Earth Sciences first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 grams at nearby Los Alamos and Sandia National Labora- and Environmental Sciences (e.g., geosphere-biosphere additional lines $1.35 $2.35 tories. The Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences interactions) is expected. Code number: $2.75 extra has 19 full-time faculty and numerous technical support The new professor should be a talented teacher. staff. Teaching responsibilities will include basic and advanced Agencies and organizations may submit purchase order or Applicants should submit a resume and the names, courses in the above fields. payment with copy. Individuals must send prepayment addresses, and phone numbers of four reference con- Applicants should submit a detailed résumé, publica- with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 characters per line, tacts, all transcripts, copies of publications, and a state- tion list, statement of research interests and the names of including all punctuation and blank spaces. Actual cost ment of research and teaching experience and interests three potential referees to the President of ETH Zürich, may differ if you use capitals, centered copy, or special to: Dr. Cornelis ("Kase") Klein, Geochemistry Search Prof. Dr. J. Nüesch, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092, Zürich, no characters. Chair, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Uni- later than November 30, 1996. In its effort to increase the versity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131. number of women in top academic positions, the ETHZ To answer coded ads, use this address: Code # ----, To ensure full consideration, applications and all supple- specifically invites applications from female scientists. GSA Advertising Dept., P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO mental materials must be received by December 10, 80301-9140. All coded mail will be forwarded within 1996. The University of New Mexico is an equal opportu- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS 24 hours of arrival at GSA Today office. nity/affirmative action employer. The Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, seeks applicants for a tenure-track position in TENURE-TRACK POSITION Geographic Information Systems (GIS) emphasizing geo- SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY logical applications. Positions Open Applications are invited for a faculty position at the Assis- The successful candidate will be expected to demon- tant or Associate level in the broad area of marine sedi- strate excellence and enthusiasm in both research and UTAH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY mentology/stratigraphy/paleoceanography. The specific teaching; establish a vigorous extramurally funded The UGS currently has vacancies for: 1) a geologist with area of research is open but fields such as high-resolution research program; supervise student research at the experience in GIS and computer applications, 2) a project paleoclimatology, carbonate and phosphate sedimenta- undergraduate and graduate levels; and develop and geologist with experience in coal geology and 3) a half- tion, Mesozoic and Cenozoic ocean history, and Quater- teach undergraduate and graduate-level courses in GIS time geologic mapper. For detailed information, applicants nary ocean dynamics would best complement existing with earth science applications as well as other geo- are encouraged to visit the UGS home page at http://utst- research strengths. We intend to fill this position at the science courses. dpwww.state.ut.us/~ugs/. Assistant level (tenure-track), but will consider appoint- Preference will be given to qualified applicants with The state of Utah's Department of Human Resource ment at a higher level in exceptional circumstances; exact demonstrated teaching abilities and research interests in Management (DHRM) has implemented an automated rank and salary will be commensurate with qualifications fields such as geomorphology, remote sensing, surface recruitment and selection system called Utah Skill Match. and experience in accordance with the University of Cali- hydrology, surficial processes, environmental earth sci- Resumes are scanned into a database and then matched fornia academic policy and pay scales. Applicants must ence, soil dynamics, environmental geophysics, or neo- against all available job openings within state government show evidence of excellence and independence in tectonics. Experience with both ARC/Info and PC-based for a one-year period. Resumes must be submitted to research as demonstrated by their publication record and GIS is desirable. Entry-level applicants will be given pref- DHRM to be considered for employment at the UGS. letters of reference and will be expected to maintain a erence; in exceptional cases, other levels will be consid- Instructions for submitting resumes are available on the strong extramurally-funded research program. The posi- ered. Candidates must have a Ph.D. in geology, geogra- UGS home page. tion will involve teaching and research supervision at the phy, or a related field at the time of hiring. Future positions with the UGS are planned to be listed graduate level, and the appointee will be expected to play Evaluation of applications will begin October 10, 1996, on our home page. a role in the undergraduate Earth Sciences degree pro- with interviews beginning in November, 1996. Upon final The state of Utah is an equal opportunity employer. gram. Applicants must hold a doctoral degree at the time review and approval by the Provost and pending bud- of appointment. Applications should include a detailed getary approval, the successful candidate will start in PETROLEUM RESEARCH POSITION resume with a description of research interests and teach- August 1997. THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA ing plans, a publication list, and the names and addresses Qualified applicants are encouraged to apply by send- The Department of Geology at the University of Alabama of at least three referees. Send applications by November ing a letter discussing your research interests and goals invites applications for a 1 year petroleum research posi- 15, 1996 to Chair, Sedimentology Search, SIO Graduate and the nature of the courses you have taught and/or tion to begin December 1, 1996. The successful candidate Department, University of California, San Diego, 9500 would like to teach. Include a curriculum vitae; transcripts; must have an M.S. degree (Ph.D. preferred) in geology or Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0208. UCSD is an and names, addresses, fax numbers, and e-mail allied field and 5Ð10 years experience in petroleum geol- Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. addresses of four potential referees. Send all materials to ogy and computer application to solving geologic prob- Dr. Wanda J. Taylor, GIS Search Committee, Department lems. Experience with geographic information systems MINERALOGIST / PETROLOGIST of Geoscience; University of Nevada Las Vegas; Las and standard geological software is expected. Duties will The Department of Geology at Bowling Green State Uni- Vegas, NV 89154-4010. UNLV is an Equal include providing technical and computer assistance to oil versity announces a tenure-track position at the Assistant Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. People who are and gas producers and assisting with the characterization Professor level. Fields of expertise and research interests under-represented and who would add diversity are espe- of petroleum reservoirs and fields. should include mineralogy and/or petrology; a component cially encouraged to apply. Applicants should send a resume, university transcript of field-based research is highly desirable. The successful (unofficial) and names, addresses, and phone numbers of candidate will teach undergraduate mineralogy and/or UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS three references, to Chair, Search Committee, Depart- petrology and other undergraduate and graduate courses GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION ment of Geology, University of Alabama, Box 870338, in geology, participate in our summer field course in the POST-DOCTORAL POSITION Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0338. Review of applications western US, maintain an active research program, and We seek applicants for a post-doctoral position related to began September 1, 1996, but applications will be supervise masters' level graduate students. A Ph.D. is an interdisciplinary educational research project: “The accepted until the position is filled. required. Society Study of Geology.” It is NSF funded potentially for The University of Alabama is an equal opportunity, Facilities include: Microscopy laboratory (transmitted, three years. The Project for Multicultural and Interdisci- affirmative action employer which encourages applications reflecting, cathodoluminescence, and fluid inclusion micro- plinary Studies and Education (PROMISE) includes the from underrepresented groups. scopes); Mineral kinetics laboratory (cold-seal hydrother- development and implementation of thematic modules mal vessels and one atmosphere furnaces); Geochemistry and courses that incorporate the knowledge of natural and SEARCH REOPENED laboratory (XRD; XRF; SEM; AAS); Sample preparation social sciences and feminist scholarship for use in high- TENURE-TRACK POSITION IN facilities; Field vehicles; Remote sensing laboratory; GIS school, undergraduate, and graduate science courses. STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY Laboratory; Unix Workstations; ARC/INFO, ERMapper, The successful candidate will be expected to demon- UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO AVS; and Geophysical facilities (magnetometer, gravity strate excellence and enthusiasm in both research and The Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Univer- meter, shallow seismic, resistivity, GPS). teaching; expertise in graphic software, World Wide Web, sity of New Mexico, is seeking a stable isotope geo- To assure full consideration, applications including a desktop publishing, and data-base management; willing- chemist for a tenure-track faculty position beginning in complete resume, statements of teaching and research ness to participate in the development of learning modules August, 1997. We anticipate hiring at the Assistant Profes- interests, three original letters of recommendation, and and in various instructional components of the project; and

38 GSA TODAY, October 1996 ability to work well with in-service and pre-service high- lish an innovative, externally funded research program, semiempirical ion hydration/association models and school teachers as well as other rmembers of the collabo- preferably relating to tectonics and/or global change, and regression of published experimental data, together with rative research-teaching group. Candidates must have a will pursue excellence in teaching and student-research equations of state to predict thermodynamic properties of Ph.D. at the time of hiring. Preference will be given to supervision in all aspects of our educational program. aqueous species and electrolytes in liquid-like solvents up highly qualified applicants with demonstrated teaching The University of Illinois at UrbanaÐChampaign is a to very high salt-to-water ratios. Collaboration is antici- abilities, excellent backgrounds in earth and/or environ- major research university with 37,000 students in resi- pated with other Ph.D. students in the group working on mental scineces, knowledge of and interest in feminist dence. Currently, the Department of Geology has 14 full- hydrothermal ore deposits of magmatic origin in Switzer- approaches to interdisciplinary models of education and time faculty (see our homepage at http://www.geology. land, Australia, and Argentina to assess thermodynamic feminist critiques of science, and publication record in one uiuc.edu/) and offers M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in geology stability of Au, Cu, and Sn complexes in NaCl-dominated or more of the above areas. and geophysics. Opportunities exist for collaboration with brines and coexisting vapour at high temperatures and Evaluation of applications will begin in October 1996 current staff in structural geology, hydrogeology, geo- pressures, and with experimental geochemists in the with interviews beginning in November, 1996. We antici- chemistry, geophysics, clay mineralogy, and paleontology, group of Prof. Terry Seward. These calculations will be pate a start date of mid-January 1997. Initially, this will be both at the department and at the Illinois State Geological combined with analytical data from synthetic and natural an academic calendar appointment. Survey. fluid inclusions to model metal partitioning in two-phase Qualified applicants are encouraged to apply by send- To apply, please send a curriculum vita, a list of publi- fluid systems, based on our new Laser Ablation ICPMS ing a letter discussing your interests and qualifications for cations, a brief letter describing research and teaching system. this project. Include a curriculum vitae; transcripts; and interests and plans, and the names of three references to: A background in Earth Sciences is favourable but not names, addresses, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses of Dr. Stephen Marshak, Search Committee Chair, Depart- essential for the project, and we particularly encourage four potential referees. Send all materials to PROMISE ment of Geology, University of Illinois, 1301 W. Green St., chemists, chemical engineers, and (geo)physicists with an Search Committee, Department of Geoscience; University Urbana, IL 61801. In order to ensure full consideration, interest in aqueous geochemistry to contact Dr. Vitalii A. of Nevada, Las Vegas; Las Vegas, NV 89154-4010. For applications must be received by December 10, 1996. For Pokrovskii or Prof. Christoph A. Heinrich at the Institute further information contact Margaret (Peg) Rees, Depart- further information, contact Dr. Marshak by E-mail at für Isotopengeologie und Mineralische Rohstoffe, ETH ment of Geoscience (702) 895-3890, [email protected] [email protected], by telephone at 217-333-7705, or by Zentrum, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland, fax +41 1 or Maralee Mayberry, Department of Sociology (702) 895- Fax at 217-244-4996. The University of Illinois is an Equal 6321179, E-mail [email protected]. 0237, mayberry@nevada, edu. People who would add Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer. The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology is an equal diversity to our faculty and are underrepresented in the opportunity employer. academy are especially encouraged to apply. UNLV is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. JOI/USSAC Ocean Drilling Fellowships. JOI/U.S. Sci- Services & Supplies ence Advisory Committee is seeking doctoral candidates PRESCOTT COLLEGE of unusual promise and ability who are enrolled at U.S. Prescott College, a private, liberal arts college, with a LEATHER FIELD CASES. Free brochure, SHERER institutions to conduct research compatible with that of the strong environmental mission, seeks candidates for three CUSTOM SADDLES, INC., P.O. Box 385, Dept. GN, Ocean Drilling Program. Both one-year and two-year fel- positions in Earth Sciences (emphasizing field geology, Franktown, CO 80116. lowships are available. The award is $20,000 per year to hydrology and soils, weather and climate, or other physi- be used for stipend, tuition, benefits, research costs and cal sciences), Environmental Policy and management incidental travel, if any. Applicants are encouraged to pro- (integrating natural sciences and social factors), and Envi- Opportunities for Students pose innovative and imaginative projects. Research may ronmental Education (with a solid foundation in Environ- be directed toward the objectives of a specific leg or to mental Studies). Send letter of application, separate state- Ph.D. Student Position Available. Applications are wel- broader themes. ment of educational philosophy, vitae, unofficial college come for a Ph.D student position (start in late 1996) with Proposals and applications for "shorebased research" transcripts, and names of three references who may be the group for Mineral Resources and Processes of the should be submitted to the JOI office for the following contacted by telephone to Ms. Kathy Coombs, assistant to Earth's Interior at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technol- deadlines: 11/15/96 and 4/15/97. Shorebased research the Dean of the Resident Degree Program, Prescott Col- ogy, Zürich, Switzerland. The successful applicant will be may be based on any DSDP or ODP leg. The next "ship- lege, 220 Grove Avenue, Prescott, Arizona 86301. Appli- engaged in research on the chemical thermodynamics of board research" deadline is 4/15/97 and is for proposals cations must be postmarked by November 15, 1996. hydrothermal fluids responsible for the formation of min- based on future ODP Legs 176 to 181. eral resources in the Earth's crust. The main objective of For more information and to receive an application this Ph.D. project is generation of quantitative data and contact: JOI/USSAC Ocean Drilling Fellowship Program, IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY models for describing two-phase (vapour + saline liquid) Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., 1755 Mas- GEOMORPHOLOGY/GEOPHYSICS fluids as a basis for understanding the role of fluid phase sachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036- The Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sci- separation in selective mobilisation and deposition of ore 2102 (Andrea Johnson; Tel: 202-232-3900, ext. 213; Inter- ences, Iowa State University, invites applications for a metals. net: [email protected]). tenure-track position at the level of assistant-professor Research will focus on the calculation of thermody- beginning in mid-August 1997. The position will be filled namic properties of solute species in vapour, building on pending budgetary approval. The successful candidate will be expected to integrate their courses and research with the department’s existing and emerging programs in hydrogeology and environmental science. Applicants must hold a Ph.D. in the geosciences; an emphasis on Statement of Ownership, Management, and Circulation geomorphoogy or environmental geophysics is pre- ferred. The successful candidate will be expected to (Required by 39 U.S.C. 3685) conduct an active research program, supervise graduate GSA Today (Publication No. 1052-5173) is published monthly by The Geological Society of America, Inc. (GSA), with head- students, attract external funding, and to develop and quarters and offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301 U.S.A.; and mailing address of Post Office Box 9140, teach courses at the undergraduate and graduate level Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140 U.S.A. The Publisher is Donald M. Davidson, Jr.; the Editor is Faith E. Rogers; their office and in his or her respective field. Applicants with a working mailing addresses are the same as above. The annual subscription prices are: for Members and Associate-Student Members of knowledge of Geographic Information Systems and who GSA, $7; for non-members $45. The publication is wholly owned by The Geological Society of America, Inc., a not-for-profit, can demonstrate their interest and ability in interdisci- charitable corporation. No known stockholder holds 1 percent or more of the total stock. CEDE & Company, 55 Water Street, plinary teaching and research will be favored. New York, NY 10041, holds all outstanding bonds; there are no known mortgagees or holders of other securities. The purpose, Applicants should send a letter of application, cur- function, and nonprofit status of The Geological Society of America, Inc. have not changed during the preceding twelve months. riculum vitae, transcripts, statement of teaching and The average number of copies of each issue during the preceding twelve months and the actual number of copies published research interests, and the names, addresses, e-mail nearest to the filing date (September 1996 issue) were: addresses and phone and fax numbers of at least three Item Avg. Actual No. references to the address listed below by December 31, No. No. Copies Copies of 1996. Carl F. Vondra, Iowa State University, Department from PS Each Issue Single Issue of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, 253 Science I, Form in past Published Nearest Ames, IA 50011-3212 3526 Extent and Nature of Circulation 12 Months to Filing Date Iowa State University is an Equal Opportunity/Affir- mative Action Employer and encourages applications a. Total No. Copies (Net press run) 16,500 16,800 from women, minorities and other protected groups. b. Paid and/or Requested Circulation (1) Sales through dealers and carriers, street vendors, and counter sales (not mailed) 0 0 (2) Paid or Requested Mail Subscriptions, (Including advertisers proof copies and exchange copies) 14,288 14,545 c. Total Paid and/or Requested Circulation (Sum of b (1) and b (2) 14,288 14,545 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY d. Free Distribution by Mail (Samples, complimentary, and other free) 1,121 1,124 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANAÐCHAMPAIGN e. Free Distribution Outside the Mail (Carriers or other means) 0 0 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF SEDIMENTARY f. Total Free Distribution (Sum of d and e) 1,121 1,124 GEOLOGY (TENURE-TRACK) g. Total Distribution (Sum of c and f) 15,409 15,669 The Department of Geology at the University of Illinois h. Copies Not Distributed (1) Office use, leftovers, spoiled 1,091 1,131 invites applications for a full-time (9-month academic year) (2) Returned from news agents 0 0 tenure-track faculty position in sedimentary geology. We i. Total (Sum of g, h (1), and h (2)) 16,500 16,800 are seeking an outstanding scientist and enthusiastic Percent Paid and/or Requested Circulation (c/g x 100) 93% 93% teacher for an appointment at the rank of assistant profes- This information taken from PS Form 3526, signed September 11, 1996 by the Publisher, Donald M. Davidson, Jr., and filed sor that will begin in August 1997. A Ph.D. is required; with the United States Postal Service in Boulder, Colorado. salary is negotiable. The successful candidate will estab-

GSA TODAY, October 1996 39 Geological Society of America ANNUAL MEETING AND EXPOSITION

DENVER, COLORADO • OCTOBER 28–31,1996 PALEOZOIC VIEWS FROM THE SEQUENCE NORTH AMERICAN CRATON STRATIGRAPHY edited by Brian J. Witzke, Greg A. Ludvigson, Jed E. Day, 1996 Technical Program odern sequence stratigraphic ideas Information: evolved in the petroleum industry • September GSA Today M during the 1970s and 1980s • Titles and authors database on GSA’s primarily from seismic investigations of Web site: http://www. Mesozoic-Cenozoic strata in basinal and geosociety.org continental margin settings. This volume refocuses on the Paleozoic cratonic heritage For Registration, of sequence stratigraphy, with the additional perspectives from adjoining continental Housing, and Pro- margins and foreland basins. Individual gram Information: contributions evaluate a variety of • June GSA Today stratigraphic, sedimentologic, diagenetic, geochemical, and paleontological problems within the common theme of sequence For Information stratigraphy and depositional cycles. The GSA Meetings authors adopt or adapt modern sequence Department stratigraphic concepts to varying degrees, P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, CO 80301 and some examine the applicability of (303) 447-2020 standard sequence stratigraphic terminology (800) 472-1988 (303) 447-0648 fax and paradigms to their Paleozoic examples. E-mail: This volume covers topics spanning the meetings@ Cambrian through the Permian, and provides geosociety.org a diversity of views focused within the North World Wide 1-800-472-1988 Web:http://www. American craton. fax 303-447-1133 geosociety.org SPE306, 452 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2306-X, GSA Publication Sales $115.00, Member price $92.00 P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 Volumes are 8-1/ " x 11". Prices include shipping & handling. 2 VISIT OUR WEB SITE: HTTP://WWW.GEOSOCIETY.ORG