Vol. 5, No. 12 December 1995 INSIDE • New Members, Fellows, Student Associates, p. 247 GSA TODAY South-Central Section Meeting, p. 250 • A Publication of the Geological Society of America • Northeastern Section Meeting, p. 253

Seismic Images of the A B Core-Mantle Boundary Michael E. Wysession, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130

C D ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Seismology presents several ways While most geologists, including of providing images of the geologic specialists in the field of seismology, structures that exist in the lowermost study rocks at Earth’s surface, more mantle just above the core-mantle attention also is being paid to the boundary (CMB). An understanding planet’s other major boundary, that of the possibly complex geophysical between the core and mantle. With a E F processes occurring at this major density jump of 4.3 kg/m3 between discontinuity requires the combined the silicate lower mantle and the liquid efforts of many fields, but it is the iron outer core, as well as a tempera- role of seismology to geographically ture increase of possibly 1500 °C map out this largely uncharted terri- between the lower mantle adiabat and tory. Seismic phases that reflect, outer core, the core-mantle boundary diffract, and refract across the CMB (CMB) may well be Earth’s most signifi- can all be used to provide different cant and dramatic discontinuity. Our Figure 1. Images from a motion picture showing the propagation of seismic shear energy information in different ways. increasing knowledge of this highly through the mantle (Wysession and Shore, 1994). The images correctly show the locations of Profiles of core-diffracted and core- variable and heterogeneous region has the seismic shear wave fronts at (A) 320, (B) 540, (C) 800, (D) 1040, (E) 1360, and (F) 1800 s reflected waves are especially power- come though the combined efforts of after the occurrence of a 600-km-deep earthquake at the lower left of the images. Red is out of the page; blue into the page. Amplitudes are normalized and raised to a power of 0.8 to ful when used as differential geoscientists in a wide array of fields, enhance smaller features. Images were made by interpolating between a grid of 72,846 syn- traveltimes in relation to direct and an important part of this effort has thetic seismograms calculated by the superposition of all torsional normal modes (28,585) with phases. The resulting seismic maps been the use of seismology to map out periods greater than 12 s. show long-wavelength lateral hetero- the structures that exist there. Because geneity in the lowermost few hun- of the limitations of imaging a surface dred kilometers of the mantle (a nearly 3000 km beneath us through a region called D”) with a magnitude heterogeneous mantle, our images lack mantle. Variations in the wobble of The examination of the CMB using of at least 6%, which is comparable clear resolution. In a sense we are like Earth’s axis of rotation and in the the seismic waves from large earth- only to Earth’s upper few hundred the seafaring explorers of 500 years ago length of days are also a result of quakes has a long history. R. Oldham kilometers. The maps of lateral seis- who had mapped out the outlines of mass variations and provide constraints first identified the core in 1906, and mic variations show significant con- the world’s continents but still knew on the topography of the CMB. I. Lehman discovered the inner core tinent-sized features that are most little of what lay within them. In this Effects of CMB topography and the in 1936. By the 1940s, scientists like likely a result of the convective article I discuss a few attempts to get thermal variations of the lowermost K. Bullen had not only determined dynamics occurring at the base of clearer maps of the “continents” at the mantle create observable variations in reasonable radial models of Earth’s seis- the mantle. The geophysics of the CMB, speculate about what these maps the geomagnetic field by affecting core mic velocities, but had even noted the CMB and lowermost mantle proba- may mean, and describe some of the flow. Geodynamic modeling, both unusual behavior of the then-named bly has many analogies with that of directions that may be taken to develop experimental and numerical, is provid- D” layer at the bottom of the mantle. Earth’s lithosphere and crust, and a sharper image. ing realistic time histories of the pat- As late as the 1980s most seismologists variations in the structure of D” may The red-and-blue seismic maps terns of convection that might occur in observed a decrease in D” velocities likewise be a combined result of ther- that we produce, which represent the the lower mantle. Mineral physicists, relative to the rest of the mantle, which mal, chemical, and mineral phase velocities with which P and S waves through both high-pressure diamond made sense thermodynamically; if the variations. Interpretations of the seis- propagate through a given region, do anvil experiments and theoretical equa- CMB is a chemical boundary between mic images, requiring knowledge of not mean very much by themselves. tions of state, are delineating the kinds rock and iron, then heat must be the mineral physics of expected min- However, these two velocities are a of materials we might expect to occur conducted across it, and a thermal eralogical assemblages at these function of density, rigidity, and at these great pressures and tempera- boundary layer will likely form at the depths, suggest that the CMB plays a incompressibility, which are compli- tures. The stories emerging about the bottom of the mantle. This thermal very important role in controlling cated functions of temperature, compo- CMB are quite exciting, involving ris- boundary layer will have temperatures the dynamics of the core and lower sition, and mineralogical phase. Hope ing hot plumes, sinking cold mantle, hotter than the rest of the lower man- mantle, and therefore of the evolu- for better understanding exists because laterally swept mantle dregs, core-man- tle adiabat and will have appropriately tion of the interior of Earth. different disciplines complement each tle chemical reactions, and core-mantle slower velocities. other in providing constraints about dynamic coupling, but because they are The 1980s, however, brought two the state of the deep Earth. Long wave- compatible with evidence across many seismological findings of primary length signals in the geoid are affected independent disciplines, they are not by mass variations in the lowermost quite as speculative as they may seem. 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238 GSA TODAY, December 1995 Core-mantle continued from p. 237 of the mantle because they can spend up to one-third of their total traveltime importance about D”. Global tomo- within D”. They are also the first graphic inversions of huge seismic data arrivals of their kinds (Pdiff is the first Figure 2. An example of sets began to show coherent patterns arrival of any kind beyond 100°, and six data (top) and syn- of very long wavelength variations at Sdiff is the first shear arrival), which thetic (bottom) core- magnitudes comparable only to those often makes them easy to detect. diffracted Sdiff seismic of Earth’s surface. In addition, mount- Some complications with these arrivals from an earth- ing evidence supported the findings phases have prevented their widespread quake (October 7, 1966) of Lay and Helmberger (1983) that incorporation into seismic studies. in the Loyalty Islands in many if not most regions of the High-frequency energy dissipates (from Wysession et al., CMB, the top of D” is characterized, very quickly during diffraction, so the 1992). All arrivals are surprisingly, by a significant increase very long period arrivals do not allow along a narrow azimuthal window, so a single patch in velocity. The current state of CMB the picking of clear onset times. The of the CMB is investi- seismology is very active. Many high-frequency decay does not resem- gated. Because all of the seismologists are now studying the ble seismic anelastic attenuation and diffracted waves bottom CMB with both global and regional cannot be easily corrected. In addition, at the base of the mantle, approaches and with types of data that because the diffracted waves also travel they share the same ray range from high-frequency (1–10 Hz) a great distance through the heteroge- parameter, represented CMB-scattered P waves to very low neous mantle and crust on their way to by the slope through the frequency (<0.01 Hz) normal modes. and from the CMB, it is difficult to dis- arrivals. A change in the tinguish D” heterogeneities from those slope relative to that of SEISMIC TOOLS FOR present elsewhere. the synthetic counterparts implies anomalous veloci- The studies of Wysession et al. STUDYING THE CMB ties in D". (1992) used a stringent set of require- There are three categories of waves ments and corrections to map out D” that can be used to examine the CMB: variations from profiles of Sdiff and reflected, refracted, and diffracted. Pdiff. The ray parameters, or slow- These are usually demonstrated by nesses, were determined for many ray-tracing, where the wave paths are arrivals traveling a long distance along represented by the straight lines of a narrow swatch of the CMB. Com- particle paths. This simple ray-tracing, bined with mantle path corrections however, is inadequate for describing using three-dimensional (3-D) tomo- the true nature of the interactions; the graphic models as well as synthetic waves that leave the earthquake do not modeling, this technique reduces behave like particles, but travel as contamination from source misloca- three-dimensional wave fronts. For this tion, slab diffraction, upper-mantle reason, a better picture of the waves path heterogeneity, ellipticity, and that interact with the CMB can be seen high-frequency energy dissipation. in Figure 1, which is an accurate repre- An example (Fig. 2) shows six WWSSN sentation of the horizontal shear (SH) Sdiff arrivals (top), modeled by their waves that would propagate through reflectivity synthetic counterparts (bot- the mantle from an earthquake, in this tom). The slope through the arrivals is case at a depth of 600 km. The images the ray parameter and is a direct result represent the displacement of the of the average velocity structure in D”. waves in slices through the mantle Maps of the results for 12 Sdiff and 20 at different times after the earthquake. Pdiff profiles (Figs. 3 and 4) show the The images are part of a movie created windows onto the core where enough through the summation of torsional diffracted arrivals meet our criteria. The normal modes of Earth’s oscillations total variation for both P and S veloci- (Wysession and Shore, 1994). Figure 3. A map from Wysession et al. (1992) showing the very long wavelength average D"P ties, determined at very long wave- In Figure 1A, 320 s after the earth- velocity variations, determined from 20 profiles of core-diffracted Pdiff arrivals like those shown lengths, was about 4%. The most strik- in Figure 2. The solid circles are earthquakes used, lines represent average paths for each profile, quake, the initial wave front(ScS) is still ing feature in both maps is a region of and the shaded areas are the regions of D" sampled by the waves. Note the unusual transition quite simple, having only just reflected D” beneath the western Pacific islands from slow to fast velocities beneath the western Pacific. off the surface, but as time passes the where the seismic velocities were 3% waves become more and more complex slower than for the radial Earth model because of their continued interactions PREM (Dziewonski and Anderson, with the surface, CMB, internal mantle 1981). Just to the west, the inferred P discontinuities, and a velocity structure and S velocities were found to be that increases with depth. By 560 s (Fig. about 1% faster than PREM. This pat- 1B) the ScS wave can be seen leaving tern correlates well with the results of the CMB and heading back to the sur- other seismic studies done using totally face. This core-reflected phase is easily independent data sets, such as the recorded at the surface at distances of tomographic mantle shear velocity up to 85° away from the earthquake models of Su et al. (1994). A possible and has provided the majority of infor- explanation for this pattern is discussed mation about the seismic shear struc- below. ture above the CMB. By 800 s (Fig. 1C) Another interesting pattern was a second wave is reflecting off the found for the D” velocities beneath the CMB, the surface-reflected sScS, but northern Pacific, which were sampled by this time the bottom part of the by paths from earthquakes near Japan initial wave front is no longer “reflect- to stations in North and South Amer- ing” off the core; the wave has turned ica. Here it was found that the shear the corner around the core and is waves were consistently faster than now diffracting along the CMB. The average, whereas the P velocities were diffracted waves (Sdiff, or equivalently, slower than average. This suggests that Pdiff), which are recorded at distances Figure 4. Similar to Figure 3, but for long-wavelength S velocity variations based on 12 the P and S velocities may not always of greater than about 100° from the independent profiles of Sdiff arrivals (from Wysession et al., 1992). vary in the same manner, an observa- earthquake, theoretically continue tion that has also been made in tomo- indefinitely around the core, but in graphic models of the lowermost man- reality quickly lose their energy and tle. This variation in the Poisson ratio are rarely observed beyond about 150°. the layer. Studies similar to that by Lay modeled by synthetic seismograms for of the lowermost mantle may be real, This means, however, that in the dis- and Helmberger (1983) identify the top a wide array of seismic models, and the just as the Poisson ratio in Earth’s crust tance range of 100°–150° Sdiff and Pdiff of D” where a sharp velocity increase structure in Figure 5 was found to be is seen to vary regionally. arrivals at the surface provide a lot of creates an additional seismic precursor the best fit, a sudden increase in veloc- Core-diffracted waves also provide information about the very base of the (SdS) to ScS. Core-diffracted waves ity 290 km above the CMB, with a information about the poorly known mantle. This article provides two exam- provide additional information about rapid decrease at the bottom of the vertical velocity structure in D”, in ples of CMB studies, one using core- the rest of D”, longer wavelengths layer. This structure is very similar to much the way surface waves can be diffracted Sdiff and Pdiff waves, and sampling more of D” and shorter the model proposed by Young and Lay used to determine upper-mantle struc- the other using core-reflected ScS and wavelengths staying closer to the CMB. (1990), using SdS waves to model a ture. Because all seismic phases that PcP waves. Valenzuela et al. (1994) showed prelim- region of D” nearby to the east. As sample the CMB must pass vertically inary results using core-grazing S waves more high-quality data are obtained across D” and back, there is difficulty CORE-DIFFRACTED WAVES from five northern California earth- from portable arrays of broad-band in resolving the layer’s vertical struc- quakes recorded at the Tibetan Plateau Sdiff and Pdiff are excellent waves ture. It is hard to tell whether the het- PASSCAL array. The data were forward- for looking at the structure of the base erogeneities are at the top or bottom of Core-Mantle continued on p. 240

GSA TODAY, December 1995 239 Core-mantle continued from p. 239 Figure 5. Profile from associated with lower mantle convec- Valenzuela et al. (1994) tion. Fast regions are cold and sinking, showing the S velocity seismometers (recording a “broad or recently sunk. Slow regions are hot, model for a patch of band” of frequencies) this technique of the lowermost mantle buoyant, and on their way up. Three- using Sdiff or Pdiff amplitudes as a beneath eastern Siberia dimensional tomographic mantle function of distance and frequency that best modeled the models interpreted as buoyancy should play an important role in help- amplitude decay of core- forces resulting from temperature ing resolve vertical structure for limited grazing S waves as a func- variations do a good job of modeling regions within D”. tion of frequency and dis- the observed long-wavelength geoid tance. The study used five (Forte et al., 1994). CORE-REFLECTED WAVES northern California earth- The thermal model of D” can be quakes recorded in Tibet. taken a step further to incorporate a Because of the unusual nature of The dashed line is the reference model PREM of Dziewonski and Anderson (1981), and the solid direct connection with plate tectonics, the D” region beneath the western line is our best preliminary fit to the amplitude data—a model based on D" structures proposed showing that the CMB is not immune Pacific, Wysession et al. (1994, 1995b) by studies like that of Young and Lay (1990). to arguments about the degree of inter- further investigated this region using mixing between the upper and lower ScS-S and sScS-sS differential travel- mantles. A correlation has long been times (the S, ScS, sS, and sScS waves are identified between the location of the first four wave fronts shown propa- In an attempt to get at what the Thermal Variations major subduction zones and bands gating away from the earthquake in P velocities might be doing in the same Some estimates of the temperature of fast seismic shear velocities in D” Fig. 1C). Using 747 differential travel- region, Zhu and Wysession (1995) pre- difference between the lower-mantle (as in Fig. 6), and likewise between slow times between direct and core-reflected sented a map of D” P velocities by and outer-core adiabats are as large or D” velocities and regions that have a shear waves, we attained a higher reso- stacking the differential times of PcP larger than 1500 °C (Boehler, 1994). high density of hotspots, like the cen- lution map of the lateral variations in and P for those seismic stations that As little or no mass seems to be trans- tral Pacific and the western African D” shear velocities for this region (Fig. reported arrivals of both to the Interna- ported across the CMB, this heat must plates. It is exciting to think of a man- 6). The use of differential times of seis- tional Seismological Centre during the pass into the mantle via conduction, tle-wide circulation system bringing mic phases from the same earthquake time 1964–1987. While these times, and although there are some reports subducted plates all the way to the is a powerful tool for examining Earth especially for the secondary and often that a very high thermal conductivity CMB where they heat up and eventu- structure, because source and receiver much smaller PcP arrivals, are not as in D” could lessen the effect, the result ally rise to the surface as hotspot man- effects are canceled out (Wysession et reliable as times determined through will be a thermal boundary layer. This tle plumes; however, the correlations al., 1995b). After the different phase personal analyses, there is statistical would be analogous to the thermal between D” seismic variations and paths were corrected by ray tracing significance in the picture obtained lithosphere at the surface, where heat paleosubduction would be equally sat- through a 3-D tomographic mantle S- from combining the very large number brought near to the surface by convec- isfied by thermal coupling between an velocity model (SH8/WM13 of Wood- of data available—in this case, 78,793. tion must be conducted across the independent upper and lower mantle. ward et al. (1993) to help remove mid- Figure 7 shows the resulting map for lithosphere boundary before radiating It is doubtful that a solution to the dle and upper-mantle heterogeneity D” P velocities in the same region as into space. whole-mantle vs. layered-mantle con- effects, any remaining traveltime resid- that previously shown for S, and deter- As with the thermal lithosphere, vection argument will be found at the uals were converted into velocity varia- mined by the same procedure. The PcP- we would expect horizontal mass CMB. tions along their computed paths P residuals were determined relative to movements to cause lateral variations through the lowermost 300 km. These the IASP91 reference Earth model of in the temperature within such a ther- Chemical Variations velocity variations were superimposed Kennett and Engdahl (1991), and the mal boundary layer. The temperature Earth’s surface has not only ther- by moving a weighted Gaussian cap mean of the entire data set was 0.35% 50 km below a mid-oceanic ridge is mal variations but also compositional with a 300 km radius across them to slower than for IASP91. This could much hotter than the temperature 50 variations, and it is possible that a average the geographical contributions partly be an indication that IASP91 is km beneath an oceanic abyssal plain, chemical boundary layer analogous to and help simulate the CMB Fresnel on average too fast for the lowermost and this can be observed as an increase the crust exists in D”. Chemical zones, or sampling regions, of the ScS mantle or for the regions that had the in seismic velocities as waves move “dregs,” dense iron alloys, could have and sScS footprints. The resolution of greatest coverage, but it may also be away from ridges. Something analo- formed at the base of the mantle early the result (Fig. 6) is on the order of the result of a systematic bias in pick- gous is probably happening in D”, and on in Earth’s evolution, or could be about 300 km, or 5°. (Note that the ing the PcP arrivals too late. It is inter- some of the lateral seismic variation continually settling out of the lower amplitudes of the original figure in esting to note that Figure 7 shows a seen there probably has a thermal com- mantle during convection. Core- Wysession et al. [1994] were erro- large central low-velocity region, but it ponent. If the vertical change in tem- mantle reaction byproducts could neously amplified by a factor of two; extends farther west than for the S perature across D” is 1500 °C, then it is be stripped away from the CMB by this was corrected in Wysession et al. velocities in Figure 6. An examination possible to have lateral temperature horizontal convection to form laminar [1995a].) and careful analysis of available PcP variations approaching this amount. aggregates. The eclogitic crust of sub- The variations in seismic velocity waveforms for this region will be Seismic variations would then be repre- found for this part of the lowermost required before an accurate comparison sentative of vertical mass movements Core-Mantle continued on p. 256 mantle range over about ±3%, with of P and S velocities in this region can several notable features. Not all of the be made. region is sampled because of our inabil- Figure 6. A map from ity to install permanent seismometers INTERPRETATION AND Wysession et al. (1995b) of in the oceans and because of the SPECULATION lateral S velocity variations uneven distribution of earthquakes in D" beneath the western It is clear that there are some inter- across Earth. In the middle of the Pacific, computed from esting and unusual geologic processes region where we do have coverage, cor- ScS-S and sScS-sS differen- at work at the CMB, but it is not clear responding to D” beneath Micronesia, tial traveltimes. All ray what they are. Many recent papers we find a broad low-velocity region. paths are corrected for have discussed the potential causes mantle path hetero- The average velocity is 1.5% slower and implications of geophysical obser- geneities outside of the than for PREM, but reaches values up vations such as the seismic images just bottom 300 km of the to 3%, especially in the slow-velocity shown. Both general and detailed dis- mantle, and the velocity arm that extends toward the west. This cussions can be found in a variety of magnitudes are computed broad low-velocity zone (LVZ) is sur- papers, which are far too numerous to assuming that the travel- rounded on three sides by regions time residuals are the result mention in full (e.g., see Loper and Lay showing fast velocities. The average of of heterogeneities only [1995] and Wysession [1995a]). As yet these regions is about 2% faster than within this bottom layer. there are more interpretations than for PREM but reaches values greater The data are robust, con- hard facts, and each strong argument than 3%. The fast velocities to the taining little scatter, and seems rebutted by an equally strong south and west of the D” LVZ seem to the resulting image shows coherent velocity variations at continent-sized long wavelengths. counter-argument. There are, however, form one continuous feature that three major categories of possible con- extends from beneath China to Figure 7. A map from Zhu tributions to the structures seen in D”: beneath eastern Australia. There is a and Wysession (1995) of thermal variations, chemical variations, correlation between this fast D” rock the average P velocity vari- and mineralogical phase changes. Each and the location of the paleotrench ations in a 300-km-thick D" of these in turn presents a variety of of the Tethys plate. The fast-velocity layer for the same region geodynamic interpretations. In many shown in Figure 6 for S region northeast of the LVZ is poorly places I draw analogies between D” and velocities, incorporating constrained in its lateral extent and is the surface’s crust and lithosphere. more than 10,000 PcP-P beneath the northern part of the Although there clearly are dangers and differential traveltimes Pacific Ocean. We have no coverage limitations with doing so, because of reported to the Interna- of what happens to the LVZ east of tional Seismological Cen- the extreme differences in temperature the study region, but if current tomo- tre. As with Figure 6, the and pressure, these are Earth’s two graphic images like those of Su et al. dominant feature is a major boundary layers, and it is likely (1994) are an indication, it probably broad low-velocity region that we can gain some understanding extends a long way eastward as part in the center surrounded of CMB geology from processes of a broad low-velocity region beneath by slightly faster velocities, observed at the surface. although the low velocities the central Pacific. here extend farther to the west than in Figure 6.

240 GSA TODAY, December 1995 WASHINGTON REPORT

Bruce F. Molnia CD-ROMs Feature National Environmental Technology Strategy

Our views about the environment have evolved and become ties you see for environmental tech- products and services. The CD-ROM more sophisticated over the past 25 years. One lesson that we have nologies both domestically and glob- also includes a database with informa- learned is that economic growth and environmental stewardship ally? Because the CD was prepared with tion on more than 1200 environmental interactive multimedia technology, you companies. As with the Bridges disc, all go hand in hand. A clean environment means a higher quality of can select which question you would of the text material on this disc is fully life, and technology advancement means economic growth and like answered and which individual searchable. better jobs for American workers. you wish to interview. Tom Harvey, chief executive officer The second disc, Leadership for of GETF, stated that the companies — Introduction, Bridge to a Sustainable Future a Sustainable Future, also released in featured on the CD “exemplify the September, was also developed by vibrance and innovative spirit of the GETF, under the guidance of the White $400 billion a year international envi- In July 1994, the Clinton-Gore federal agencies, the GETF, and others. House, to promote the growth of the ronmental industry. These companies Administration launched an initiative The federal agencies are the Depart- environmental technologies industry. have discovered that environmental to develop a national environmental ments of Agriculture, Commerce It showcases leading American compa- stewardship through technology is technology strategy for strengthening (DOC), Defense (DOD), Energy (DOE), nies offering innovative environmental good business.” The U.S. environ- the American economy while working Health and Human Services, Interior, products and services. Designed to mental technology industry, with an to solve the nation’s environmental and State (DOS), the Environmental complement the Bridges CD-ROM, this annual budget of $130 billion, com- problems. A complete description of Protection Agency (EPA), the National CD offers environmental technology prises more than 35,000 businesses and the planned initiative, including its Science Foundation (NSF), the National leaders in American industry a new and employs more than one million Ameri- objectives and an implementation Aeronautical and Space Administration innovative means of describing their can workers. Over the next four years, strategy, is described in Technology (NASA), and the Small Business Admin- companies’ products and services to the industry is projected to generate an for a Sustainable Future, a report avail- istration (SBA). Jack Gibbons, the Presi- the growing international marketplace. additional 180,000 jobs. able from the National Science and dent’s science advisor and head of GETF helped develop and organize Free copies of the discs are Technology Council (NSTC, see March OSTP, officially announced the release more than 30 workshops, held available from GETF, 7010 Little River 1994 Washington Report). After nine of the Bridges CD on September 19, throughout the United States and Turnpike, Suite 300, Annandale, VA months, under NSTC’s guidance, 1995. The Bridges CD was developed sponsored by the White House. The 22003-9998. The minimum computer the development of the national to help people “connect with environ- workshops, designed to strengthen configuration required to run these technology strategy was completed mental resources.” It showcases federal the initiative, focused on how discs is a PC meeting the MPC Level 1 in partnership with the private sector. programs, strategies, and technologies government, industry, and academic specifications. These are: a 386SX or The resulting strategy report, titled directed to capturing the growing institutions could work together to compatible CPU, 4 megabytes of RAM, Bridge to a Sustainable Future, was domestic and international technology advance the growing environmental a super-VGA video card (256 colors), released in April 1995. market. A goal of the CD is to promote technology industry. The CD features Windows (version 3.1 or higher), an Using state-of-the-art technology, “partnering of the public and private profiles of major American companies MSCDEX driver (version 2.2 or higher), the Global Environment and Technol- sectors in advancing” environmental in the environmental technology field, a single-speed CD-ROM drive (sus- ogy Foundation (GETF) has developed technologies. including such industry leaders as 3M tained transfer rate of 150 kilobytes/ for the Environmental Technology The Bridges CD contains more than Corporation, Arm & Hammer, CH2M second), and an 8-bit sound card. The working group of NSTC a new resource 150 text documents, guides to associa- Hill, the Low Companies Group, Xerox information contained on both of the for it to use in its efforts to promote the tions, and technology export opportu- Corporation, Johnson Controls, and CD-ROMs can be found on the World new strategy, to promote the growth of nities. Among the documents are 26 many others. Each of the premier pro- Wide Web at: http://www.gnet.org.■ the American environmental technol- “resources documents,” such as the full files presents detailed information on ogy industry, and to maximize the text of the Bridges strategy released distribution of the new strategy. This last April and the USAID Strategy for new resource, two exceptional CD- Sustainable Development; 96 “program Washington Report provides the GSA membership with a window on the activities of the fed- ROMs, has resulted in the placement related documents” such as a complete eral agencies, Congress and the legislative process, and international interactions that could impact the geoscience community. In future issues, Washington Report will present summaries of two impressive wheels on the rapidly description of the DOS Coral Reef of agency and interagency programs, track legislation, and present insights into Washington, evolving environmental information Initiative; 13 “technology related docu- D.C., geopolitics as they pertain to the geosciences. super-chariot on the information ments” from the DOD, DOE, EPA, and superhighway. The development effort NOAA, such as EPA’s Superfund Innova- for these CD-ROMs was coordinated tive Treatment Technology Report; and by E. J. (Jerry) McFaul of the U.S. numerous “program” descriptions, Geological Survey. The two CD-ROMs, presenting in great detail the environ- titled, Bridge to a Sustainable Future mental technology capabilities and and Leadership for a Sustainable Future, accomplishments of the federal are first-of-a-kind collections of agencies. All of the text material on Congressional environmental technology information the CD is fully searchable. and resources. The CD also contains a variety of Science Fellowship As my teenage sons would say, other videos, including speeches by the CDs are “hot.” Among the criteria U.S. leaders such as Vice-President 1996–1997 that I use when selecting a topic for Gore’s speech at the December 1994 outside the Fellow’s particular area, Washington Report are uniqueness, White House Conference on Environ- he Geological Society of America and a strong interest in working on a applicability to the earth science com- mental Technologies. Thirty other T is accepting applications for the range of public policy problems. munity, timeliness of information, and videos illustrate the application of indi- 1996–1997 Congressional Science perceived level of interest. Being “hot” vidual environmental technologies. Fellowship. The Fellow selected will spend a year (September 1996– Award is also a very important criterion. Also included are interviews with nine The GSA Congressional Science As there is a delay of about six weeks federal agency leaders in which they August 1997) in the office of an indi- vidual member of Congress or a con- Fellowship carries with it a $42,000 between the completion of my column discuss the roles of their agencies in stipend, and limited health insurance, and its publication, I try to avoid developing environmental technolo- gressional committee for the purpose of contributing scientific and techni- relocation, and travel allowances. The addressing topics that you, the reader, gies. Each of the nine, Tim Wirth fellowship is funded by GSA and by a have already seen in your local newspa- (DOS), Thomas Grumbly (DOE), Sally cal expertise to public policy issues and gaining firsthand experience grant from the U.S. Geological Sur- per or in a scientific news magazine. Shelton (USAID), Ron Brown (DOC), vey. (Employees of the USGS are ineli- In addition to presenting “who, what, Sherri W. Goodman (DOD), Daniel with the legislative process. The American Association for the Ad- gible to apply for this fellowship. For when, and where” information, I also Goldin (NASA), Phil Lader (SBA), Carol information about other programs, attempt to present interpretation and Browner (EPA), and Neal Lane (NSF) vancement of Science conducts an orientation program to assist the Fel- contact AAAS or the Geological Soci- “why” information. The “why” for this answer the following five questions: ety of America.) month’s report is very simple. As (1) What is the appropriate role of the low seeking a congressional staff posi- virtually all aspects of our profession, federal government in advancing envi- tion in which he or she can work on To Apply major legislative issues. except for environment and hydrology, ronmental technologies? (2) How Procedures for application and continue to shrink and decline, the should the federal government interact Criteria detailed requirements are available appearance of an environmental with industry and the private sector to The program is open to highly in the geology departments of most technology resource that is easily advance these technologies? (3) What qualified postdoctoral to mid-career colleges and universities in the United usable, information packed, timely, are the main environmental challenges earth scientists. Candidates should States or upon request from: Execu- and free are criteria that prompted this you think we will have to address with have exceptional competence in tive Director, Geological Society of column. Get yourself this pair of discs! technologies over the next 20 years? some area of the earth sciences, cog- America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, The CDs were developed through (4) What is your agency doing to nizance of a broad range of matters CO 80301. the leadership of the White House advance the development and diffu- Office of Science and Technology Pol- sion of environmental technologies? DEADLINE FOR RECEIPT OF ALL APPLICATION MATERIALS IS FEBRUARY 1, 1996 icy (OSTP) in partnership with eleven and (5) What are the major opportuni-

GSA TODAY, December 1995 241 Penrose Conference Scheduled that horizontal extension or, as it is mation. The third process—erosion— more commonly called, tectonic exten- operates at the surface, but can be indi- sion might play in other orogenic set- rectly influenced by tectonically driven Exhumation Processes: tings. Of particular interest is the possi- uplift and subsidence. One of the most bility that tectonic extension may be difficult questions to answer in most Normal Faulting, Ductile Flow, responsible for exhuming metamorphic orogenic belts, especially in the older rocks within convergent orogens, such ones, is the relative contributions that and Erosion as onland thrust belts (i.e., Himalaya, these processes have made to the over- European Alps, Betic Cordillera of all exhumation of deep crustal rocks. Mark T. Brandon, Uwe Ring southern Spain, Brooks Range of Alaska) Even so, the tectonics community and subduction-related convergent has gradually moved toward a casual margins (i.e., Franciscan of California, consensus that deep exhumation is A Geological Society of America exposing high-grade metamorphic Sanbagawa of Japan, Hellenic/Aegean typically a result of tectonic processes, Penrose Conference, “Exhumation rocks. This trend was initiated early on convergent margin of western and especially normal faulting. The most Processes: Normal Faulting, Ductile by the discovery of highly attenuated southern Greece, Hikurangi accre- commonly cited evidence for crustal- Flow, and Erosion” will be held crustal sections in the Basin and Range tionary wedge of northeastern New scale normal faults is the recognition October 9–13, 1996, at the Orthodox province and the recognition that Zealand). of “younger-over-older” relationships, Academy of Greece, located near the the attenuation was caused by regional- There are really several processes where large faults, with low or moder- town of Chania on the island of Crete scale horizontal extension, as mani- that contribute to exhumation of meta- ate dips, have placed young rocks on in southern Greece. fested by normal faulting. This discov- morphic rocks. The first two—normal older rocks or low-grade rocks on high- Over the past 25 years, there has ery, which has a long history and an faulting and extensional ductile flow— been a growing appreciation of the equally long list of contributors, forced operate within the earth and are a Penrose Conference role that tectonic processes play in many geoscientists to rethink the role direct manifestation of tectonic defor- continued on p. 243 1996 GEOVENTURES

EO OSTELS platform development and destruction, extensionalV tectonism in southwestern G H Montana, and geoscience teacher-education reform. Rob is currently the president of the Rocky Mountain Paleontological Society and the Tobacco Root Geological Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier Society. Sheila M. Roberts is also an assistant professor of geology at Western Mon- Packwood and Kelso, Washington tana College. She developed an interest in the geology of northwestern Montana Saturday, June 22, through Thursday, June 27, 1996 while growing up in the Mission Valley of Montana. Sheila did her doctoral work This GeoHostel will focus on field trips to Mount St. Helens, especially to at the University of Calgary, where she studied Pleistocene paleoclimates recorded explore processes and effects of the cataclysmic eruption of May 18, 1980. Among in saline lacustrine sediments of Death Valley, California. Sheila has also been a these are decapitation of the former summit, world’s largest historic landslide, a geoscience editor, a mining geologist, a petroleum geologist, and a geoscience tsunami wave as high as 800’ on Spirit Lake, a gigantic pyroclastic surge (the so- educator focused on outreach projects with K–12 schools. called “lateral blast”), that in four minutes mowed down 235 square miles of mature forest, and great muddy floods (lahars). Everyone should see this world- Geology of the Wine Country in class natural extravaganza before it becomes muted by revegetation. The ever- changing processes of revegetation, reforestation, and reentry of fauna to the Western Oregon devastated area is part of the scientifically unique experience—one of the reasons Portland State University, Portland, Oregon Congress set aside the heart of the affected area as Mount St. Helens National Saturday, August 17, through Thursday, August 22, 1996 Volcanic Monument. Two days will be devoted to the east and southeast sides of Mount St. Helens, two days to the west side, including the stunning new visitor The geology of western Oregon is exciting and diverse. The Coast Range facilities in the heart of the devastated area, and one day at spectacular Mount is a combination of Tertiary sedimentary rocks and basalts folded into a north- Rainier (northeast, east, and south flanks) within Mount Rainier National Park. plunging anticline. The Cascade Range is mainly volcanic rock with Pleistocene While at Mount St. Helens, we will hike through a remaining stand of old-growth volcanic cones sitting on top of older Tertiary volcanics. Between the two moun- coniferous trees, many as tall as 230 feet. Each day involves a hike through a tain ranges is the Willamette Valley, a deep trough filled with late Cenozoic age unique landscape, none longer than about three miles nor with an altitude sedimentary rock. In southwest Oregon the ancient terranes of the Klamath change of more than about 900 feet. Snow will still be visible on the higher Mountains dominate the geology. In the past 30 years, more than 100 wineries mountain peaks, offering stunning scenes for photography. have started production in western Oregon, and some of the fine wines produced there win international prizes. This GeoHostel will focus on the rocks that affect ABOUT THE LEADERS the soil that produces these high-quality grapes. The class will visit at least two Richard B. Waitt, U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, wineries each day, while discussing the local geology of the region. We will visit Vancouver, Washington; Donald A. Swanson, U.S. Geological Survey, Seattle, the Tualatin Valley, the Yamhill Valley and the coast, the Willamette Valley near Washington; Patrick T. Pringle, Washington Department of Natural Resources, Salem, and southwest Oregon, including Crater Lake and the Oregon Caves. Olympia, Washington. Participants will stay on the beautiful campus of Portland State University, near All three leaders have many years of geological field experience, summarized the heart of downtown Portland, a vibrant city with a multitude of cultural activi- in numerous scientific publications, at Mount St. Helens and/or Mount Rainier, ties, especially in August. An overnight field trip to southern Oregon will happen as well as extensive experience at other Cascade or Alaskan volcanoes. mid-week. The weather is almost guaranteed to be perfect in August. Come to Oregon for high-quality geology and high-quality wine!

Geology of the Glacier Park Region ABOUT THE LEADER Big Mountain Resort, Whitefish, Montana Scott Burns is an Associate Professor at Portland State University and Saturday, July 20, through Thursday, July 25, 1996 a native Oregonian who knows the geology of western Oregon well. In his teaching at the college level in Switzerland, New Zealand, Washington, Colorado, The geology of northwest Montana is some of the most spectacular in North Louisiana, and Oregon for the past 20 years, Scott has received many outstanding America. It was first studied by Bailey Willis of the U.S. Geological Survey in 1902 teaching awards. He enjoys wine making and wine tasting, and his first published as part of a reconnaissance study of the 49th parallel. Today, the region is best paper, in 1976, was on developing a student lab project on wine making. Much of known by the geoscience community for research into the depositional history his current research in environmental and engineering geology, geomorphology, of the Proterozoic Belt Supergroup. These rocks contain some of the best sedimen- Quaternary geology, and soil is directly related to the production of good grapes tary and biogenic structures in the world, and the depositional-tectonic setting of and fine wine. the “Belt basin” has been a matter of debate since the turn of the century. The region is also known for world-class thrust-belt structure, economic deposits of base metals, dinosaur remains in foreland-basin deposits, Cenozoic extensional tectonics, and glacial geology. The GeoHostel will include field trips in Glacier Full information in January GSA Today. National Park to look at the stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Belt Super- group, the Lewis thrust fault, foreland-basin deposits, alpine glacial geology of Registration begins January 1, 1996 the park, and continental glacial geology of the Flathead Valley. A half-day rafting Space will go quickly, so get in touch with us if you are interested. trip down the middle fork of the Flathead River will also be included. The trips Detailed information on itineraries, registration fees, and travel arrangements are both full and half-day, and plenty of leisure time will be available to enjoy will be sent on request. No obligation. Questions welcomed. the spectacular scenery of northwestern Montana! FOR DETAILS ON THE 1996 GEOVENTURES ABOUT THE LEADERS CONTACT THE GEOVENTURES COORDINATOR TODAY: Robert C. Thomas is currently an assistant professor of geology at Western 1-800-472-1988, ext. 134 or 303-447-2020 Montana College in Dillon, Montana. Rob developed a passion for geology of the E-mail: [email protected] Belt Supergroup under the tutelage of Don Winston at the University of Montana. fax 303-447-0648 A graduate of the University of Washington, Rob’s research has focused on the patterns and processes of Cambrian mass extinctions, the dynamics of carbonate

242 GSA TODAY, December 1995 Penrose Conference dynamic models and their predictions will mean a slightly more expensive air fax 203-432-3134, E-mail: mark.brandon@ continued from p. 242 for conditions that might trigger the fare for North American participants, yale.edu; and Uwe Ring, Institut für onset of gravitational collapse. but will encourage participants from Geowissenschaften, Johannes Guten- grade rocks, with a significant omission The conference will be five days Europe to attend. berg-Universität, Postfach 3980, 55099 of stratigraphic or metamorphic sec- long, including two days of field trips The conference will be limited to Mainz, Germany, 49-6131-392164, tion, respectively. Recent papers, and three days of presentations. The 70 persons. Participants will be selected fax 49-6131-394769, E-mail: ring@ however, have shown that this type presentations will consist of six half- to ensure broad representation by mzdmza.zdv.uni-mainz.de. of evidence by itself is not diagnostic day sessions. Each session will have nationality, by occupation (i.e., faculty, APPLICATION DEADLINE: and that contractional faults can also about two hours of oral presentations, graduate students, industry and gov- MARCH 15, 1996 result in missing section if the section including a keynote speaker, a one- ernment scientists), and by research was already tilted back toward the hin- hour discussion session, and a one- interest (i.e., structural geology, meta- Interested persons should send terland prior to development of the hour poster session. During the discus- morphic petrology, isotope geochronol- a letter of application to Uwe Ring at fault system. Kinematic indicators can sion session, individuals will be able ogy, sedimentology, geomorphology, the address given above. The letter be used to resolve this problem, but to show one or two slides to emphasize and geodynamics). The registration fee should include a brief statement of the there remains another more fundamen- a point, but no formal presentations will be about $700, which will cover applicant's research interests, relevance tal problem. The throw on many will be allowed. We want to avoid the lodging, meals, and field trips, but not of those interests to the focus of the crustal-scale normal faults, especially typical meeting format with back-to- airfare. We hope to be able to partially conference, and a potential topic that those that involve deep crustal rocks, back talks, and instead focus on flesh- subsidize the participation of some the applicant might want to present. is typically difficult to resolve because ing out old controversies and new ideas. graduate students. Note that we are planning only a lim- of uncertainties about the original dip Tentative session titles are: (1) Co-conveners of the conference ited number of oral presentations, but of the fault and the total amount of Local expression of tectonic exhuma- are: Mark T. Brandon, Department we strongly encourage poster presenta- fault slip. In these cases, there is no tion: extensional faulting and ductile of Geology and Geophysics, Yale tions and comment presentations in easy way to assess the contribution flow; (2) The role and significance of University, P.O. Box 208109, New order to ensure an informal and inter- that normal faulting has made to the erosional exhumation; (3) The ultimate Haven, CT 06520-8109, (203) 432-3135, active conference. ■ overall exhumation. cause of tectonic exhumation: active We maintain that the time has rifting versus passive gravitational col- come for a broad and critical evalua- lapse; (4) Formation and exhumation tion of the exhumation problem. of ultra-high-pressure metamorphic Penetrative deformational fabrics are rocks; (5) The influence of surficial phe- present in most exhumed mountain nomena on the geodynamic evolution belts and provide clear evidence that of mountain belts: topography, climate, ductile flow is an important process and erosion; and (6) The influence of Research Grants that can either contribute to or hinder deep-seated phenomena on the geo- exhumation of metamorphic rocks, dynamic evolution of mountain belts: Program 1996 depending upon whether ductile thermal relaxation, lithospheric delam- flow caused thinning or thickening ination, and gravitational collapse. he primary role of the Research Grants Program is to provide partial sup- in the vertical direction. Furthermore, The conference will be held on the port for research by graduate students at universities in the United States, any quick inspection of the huge island of Crete, which sits between the T Canada, Mexico, and Central America. GSA strongly encourages women, volumes of sediment shed from most active Hellenic subduction zone to the minorities, and persons with disabilities to participate fully in this grants program. contractional orogens makes it clear south and the active extensional terrain Eligibility is not restricted to GSA members. New application forms are available that erosion cannot be ignored as an underlying the Aegean Sea to the north. each fall in the geology departments of colleges and universities offering graduate exhumation process. The island has spectacular exposures of degrees in earth sciences. Forms are mailed in October to GSA Campus Represen- Within this context, we are deep-seated metamorphic rocks that tatives and department secretaries and chairpersons in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. They are also available upon request from the Research Grants convening a Penrose Conference to were exhumed from depths as great as Administrator, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. examine all processes that contribute 30 km. The field trips, which will be Please use only the 1996 application and appraisal forms. to exhumation of deep-seated rocks lead by Bernard Stöckhert (Ruhr-Univer- in ancient and modern orogenic belts. sität Bochum, Germany) and Eberhard Confidential evaluations from two faculty members are required from candidates At the broadest scale, the conference Seidel (Cologne University, Germany), for the M.S. or Ph.D. degree and must accompany applications submitted. PLEASE will have three distinct goals: (1) to will focus on contrasting exhumational USE THE “APPRAISAL OF APPLICANT” FORMS, WHICH ACCOMPANY THE 1996 review and synthesize our knowledge events: a Late Cretaceous event that APPLICATION FORMS. Application forms will not be accepted by facsimile. about normal faulting, ductile flow, resulted in unroofing of high-T/low-P The Geological Society of America awarded over $300,000 in grants in 1995. The and erosion as exhumation processes; metamorphosed basement and cover, grants went to 218 students doing research for advanced degrees. The average (2) to examine the geologic evidence and a Miocene event that exposed amount awarded was $1465. The largest grant was $2500, but there is no prede- relevant to resolving a quantitative high-P/low-T aragonitic marbles. termined maximum amount. understanding of the relative contribu- Our objective in selecting this site The Committee on Research Grants will meet in March to evaluate applications tions of these different exhumation for the meeting is to expose partici- and award grants. In April, all applicants for grants will be informed of the com- processes, as deduced from metamor- pants, especially those from North mittee's actions by the Executive Director of the Geological Society of America. phic petrology, isotopic thermochro- America, to an exhumational setting nology, structural and kinematic different from that of the Basin-and- ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE SUBMITTED ON THE 1996 FORMS analysis, synorogenic stratigraphy, Range, which would be the natural site AND POSTMARKED BY FEBRUARY 15, 1996 geomorphology, and paleoelevation of choice if the conference were to be data; and (3) to examine relevant geo- held in the United States. The locations

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS REMINDERS

ISTINGUISHED ERVICE WARD Materials and supporting information for any of the following nominations may be sent to GSA D S A Executive Director, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. For more The GSA Distinguished Service Award was established by Council in 1988 to recog- detailed information about the nomination procedures, refer to the October 1995 issue of GSA nize individuals for their exceptional service to the Society. GSA Members, Fellows, Associ- Today, or call headquarters at (303) 447-2020, extension 136. ates, or, in exceptional circumstances, GSA employees may be nominated for considera- tion. Any GSA member or employee may make a nomination for the award. Awardees will be selected by the Executive Committee, and all selections must be ratified by the PENROSE AND DAY M EDALS, AND HONORARY FELLOWSHIP Council. Awards may be made annually, or less frequently, at the discretion of Council. Nominations for 1996 Penrose and Day Medals and for Honorary Fellowship in the This award will be presented during the annual meeting of the Society. Deadline for nomi- Society are due by FEBRUARY 1, 1996. nations for 1996 is MARCH 1, 1996.

YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD (DONATH MEDAL) JOHN C. FRYE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AWARD The Young Scientist Award was established in 1988 to be awarded to a young scientist In cooperation with the Association of American State Geologists (AASG), GSA makes (35 or younger during the year in which the award is to be presented) for outstanding an annual award for the best paper on environmental geology published either by GSA or achievement in contributing to geologic knowledge through original research that marks by one of the state geological surveys. The award is a $1000 cash prize from the endow- a major advance in the earth sciences. The award, consisting of a gold medal called the ment income of the GSA Foundation’s John C. Frye Memorial Fund. The 1996 award will Donath Medal and a cash prize of $15,000, was endowed by Dr. and Mrs. Fred A. Donath. be presented at the autumn AASG meeting to be held during the GSA Annual Meeting in For the year 1996, only those candidates born on or after January 1, 1961, are eligible Denver. for consideration. In choosing candidates for the Young Scientist Award, scientific Nominations can be made by anyone, based on the following criteria: (1) paper must achievement and age will be the sole criteria. Nominations for the 1996 award must be selected from GSA or state geological survey publications, (2) paper must be selected include from those published during the preceding three full calendar years, (3) nomination must • biographical information, include a paragraph stating the pertinence of the paper. • a summary of the candidate’s scientific contributions to geology (200 words or less), Nominated papers must establish an environmental problem or need, provide sub- • a selected bibliography (no more than 10 titles), stantive information on the basic geology or geologic process pertinent to the problem, • supporting letters from five scientists in addition to the person making the nomina- relate the geology to the problem or need, suggest solutions or provide appropriate land tion. use recommendations based on the geology, present the information in a manner that is Deadline for nominations for 1996 is FEBRUARY 1, 1996. understandable and directly usable by geologists, and address the environmental need or resolve the problem. It is preferred that the paper be directly applicable by informed OFFICERS AND COUNCILORS laypersons (e.g., planners, engineers). Deadline for nominations for 1996 is APRIL 1, The GSA Committee on Nominations requests your help in compiling a list of GSA 1996. members qualified for service as officers and councilors of the Society. The committee requests that each nomination be accompanied by basic data and a description of the NATIONAL AWARDS qualifications of the individual for the position recommended (vice-president, treasurer, The deadline is April 30, 1996, for submitting nominations for these four awards: councilor). William T. Pecora Award, National Medal of Science, Vannevar Bush Award, Alan T. Deadline for nominations for 1997 is FEBRUARY 15, 1996. Waterman Award.

GSA TODAY, December 1995 243 GSAF UPDATE Donors to the Foundation, September 1995

Robert L. Fuchs Claude C. Albritton Operating Fund Preston E. Hotz Memorial Fund Harry A. Tourtelot Nevin D. Hoy Robert Gordon Schmidt Peter J. Hudleston Penrose Conferences Fund Frederick L. Klinger Antoinette Lierman Medlin F. Michael Wahl* Tax Tips for 1995 James W. Knox Scholarship Award Publications Fund Konrad B. Krauskopf James C. Cobb If you are looking for ways to the avoidance of capital gains taxes Richard A. Hoppin* Robert C. Lafferty* Birdsall Award Frederic B. Loomis reduce your 1995 income taxes that on the difference. Rip Rapp Archaeological George T. Cardwell John C. Ludlum Geology Award will be due and payable by April 15, • This may be the right time to con- Langtry E. Lynd Cady Award Fund John P. Albanese consider the following: sider a long-range planned gift that Scott L. Manske* James C. Cobb Bruce “Biff” Reed John C. Maxwell* • If you itemize deductions, gifts to will give you a deduction now and Jack A. Simon* Scholarship Fund Robert G. Maynard Charles E. Wier* the GSA Foundation are deductible provide income for life. The Foun- Robert O. Castle Akiho Miyashiro from income. At the higher tax dation office has details. Allan V. Cox John Thomas Dutro, Jr.* George E. Moore, Jr. rates (maximum is 39.5%), the • To conform to IRS regulations, Student Scholarship Award Marvin D. Mangus Thornton L. Neathery make certain that you retain with John R. Sumner* Susan S. Reed* Jack E. Oliver* savings can be significant. E. Bruce Parmelee Doris M. Curtis Research Grants Fund • The process is simple—just send a your back-up papers all letters and Dallas L. Peck Memorial Fund David J. Borns David A. Phoenix check to the Foundation. You may receipts acknowledging your 1995 Dorothy J. Echols Brian S. Carl W. Robert Power use the accompanying coupon, charitable gifts. Merrill Wilber Haas Robert F. Dill Eugene C. Robertson Christina Lochman-Balk John W. Geissman particularly if you have any special • Your 1995 contribution must be Robert H. Rutford Phyllis Radack Morris W. Leighton instructions. made in 1995. This means that the Glenn L. Shepherd Charles B. Sclar Haydn H. Murray Paul K. Sims • Making gifts of securities you own postmark on the envelope must be Stephen S. Winters Dennis Netoff Robert Harry Stewart that have gone up in value will earlier than midnight on Decem- Donald R. Nichols Shirley Dreiss Thompson M. Stout* Phyllis Radack provide a double tax benefit—a ber 31. A check written and dated Memorial Fund Edmondo Sugar Jane Selverstone George M. Hornberger* Irvin L. Tailleur deduction in the amount of the on December 31 but put into the Laura F. Serpa Janet Bauder Thornburg market value of the securities, mail on January 1 or 2 will be a GEOSTAR Fund Robert P. Sharp Herbert Tischler ■ Don U. Deere Frederick M. Swain regardless of what you paid, plus contribution for 1996. Joshua I. Tracey, Jr.* Rodney C. Ewing Paul A. Witherspoon, Jr. George W. Viele, Jr.* John R. Griffin SAGE Fund James D. Vine Nan Lindsley-Griffin Allen F. Agnew A. L. Washburn John R. Sumner* Five-Year Magma Copper Pledge John R. Coash Edgar L. Weinberg History of Geology Award Edward E. Geary* John H. Weitz* John Thomas Dutro, Jr.* Philip R. Grant, Jr.* James F. Westcott The Foundation has received a southern Peru. Smelting and refining E. Allen Merewether Donald E. White* Arthur D. Howard Fund Frank Royse, Jr.* Kemble Widmer five-year pledge of financial support for operations at San Manuel, including the Victor R. Baker* Jane Selverstone James E. Wilson the Second Century Fund from Magma world’s largest flash furnace, represent Kurt Servos* John S. Shelton Frederick P. Young, Jr. Copper Company. In the commitment nearly 25% of U.S. smelting capacity. (In honor of living GSA past letter, the company’s Executive Vice An aggressive explorer of low-cost presidents from Stanford: Konrad Second Century Fund Unrestricted Fund—GSA Krauskopf, Lawrence Sloss, Paul Victor R. Baker Victor R. Baker* President Bradford A. Mills stated, “It is orebodies worldwide, Magma prides Bailly, and Gary Ernst) Burlington Resources/Meridian Ewart M. Baldwin Oil Foundation* Edgar C. Bowman important to us that organizations such itself on a highly skilled, motivated, Hydrogeology Award Scott F. Burns Kenneth G. Brill, Jr. as GSA are provided with support to and creative work force of 5000 George H. Davis Corning Incorporated Elizabeth T. Bunce Orwoll Milton Hackett continue research and provide for edu- employees, strong orientation toward Foundation* J. B. Coffman (In memory of Wm. J. [Bill] cational opportunities in the geological growth as a low-cost producer, and Maria Luisa Crawford* Andrew S. Cohen Powell) forefront.” operations that are conducted in an David P. Dethier G. Arthur Cooper Institute for Robert V. Enright Chester L. Dodson Magma Copper, one of the largest environmentally responsible manner. Environmental Education Mary P. Fryar Norman H. Donald, Jr. primary copper producers in the United Second Century Fund industry Vice George C. Taylor, Jr. Donald F. Goodell John Van N. Dorr, II Richard F. Madole Michael Fleischer States, produces high-quality copper Chair Paul Bailly noted, “The pledge John C. Frye Lincoln R. Page* Wallace R. Hansen cathodes and rods for sale to customers from Magma Copper is an important Environmental Award Dorothy M. Palmer Frank H. Howd George Fulford Hanson* worldwide. The company operates four addition to the Industry Support Pro- Peter Verrall* Benjamin F. Howell, Jr. Thomas F. Rafter, Jr. mines in the United States, at San gram for Earth Science. We are gratified William R. Judd Jack A. Simon* Unrestricted Fund—GSAF Owen Kingman Manuel, Superior, and Miami in Ari- by the confidence that Magma has Athel G. Unklesbay William H. Allen H. D. Klemme J. Kaspar Arbenz zona, and at Ely, Nevada. Last year placed in GSA and its scientific, educa- John T. Dillon Alaska Troy J. Laswell Elwood Atherton Magma acquired the Tintaya mine in tional, and outreach programs.” ■ Scholarship Award Benedikt L. Lehner Alvin L. Backlund, Jr. William P. Brosge R. David Matthews Virgil E. Barnes William A. Crawford* Richard C. Mielenz Thomas D. Barrow* John Thomas Dutro, Jr.* James P. Minard William K. Barry Marvin D. Mangus John Montagne Pooled Income Fund Grows Thomas Beard Donald A. Myers J. Hoover Mackin Award George W. Berry Helen L. Nace* Victor R. Baker* Craig C. Black In mid-September the assets of the rate of 6.1% on the net asset value at Robert B. Neuman Parker E. Calkin James A. Brown, Jr. Gerhard Oertel GSA Foundation Pooled Income Fund the beginning of 1995. Because of the Edwin H. East Parker E. Calkin Frederick L. Paillet Richard Goldsmith Max F. Carman, Jr. exceeded $400,000 for the first time. tax savings generated by contributions Ralph B. Peck* Robert Y. Grant Gordon A. Clopine* This is attributable to additional contri- to the fund, the net return to partici- Jack C. Rosenau William R. Muehlberger* James B. Coffman* Maurice L. Schwartz butions to the fund from members pants varied between 8% and 10%, the Doak C. Cox Carol G. and Paul R. Shaffer responding to the challenge posed by actual rate depending on each individ- Norbert E. Cygan John T. McGill Fund John S. Shelton Chester L. Dodson Bill Heroy and Larry Sloss. Also, the ual’s personal tax situation. Robert O. Castle Robert J. Sterrett Grenville Draper Christopher F. Erskine Thompson M. Stout* value of the assets in the fund The portfolio of the Pooled Income Rudolph W. Edmund Wallace R. Hansen Russell B. Travis increased by 6.9% during the first 8.5 Fund includes holdings in the War- Peter T. Flawn David J. Varnes Joseph E. Upson, II Robert E. Fox months of 1995, which is an annual- burg, Pincus Fixed Income, and Global Richard Daniel White Memorial Fund George R. Gibson ized rate of 9.6%. Fixed Income Funds, the SteinRoe Stephen S. Winters Duncan A. McNaughton* Billy P. Glass For the first six months of the year, Income Fund, and the PIMCO Total (In memory of Willis G. Meyer) Harry D. Goode Women In Science Fund ■ Charles E. Graham Raymond M. Coveney, Jr.* the fund paid income at the annualized Return Fund. Minority Fund Joseph T. Gregory Albert C. Holler Michele L. Aldrich* Edward S. Grew* Marcia E. Knadle Raymond M. Coveney, Jr.* Robert B. Hall Daniel B. Sass Christina Lochman-Balk Connelly E. Hannum John Rodgers Oliver T. Hayward *Century Plus Roster GSA Foundation William P. Hewitt (gifts of $150 or more) 3300 Penrose Place P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 447-2020 SECOND CENTURY FUND Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______for: Foundation Unrestricted GSA Unrestricted EARTH ◆ EDUCATION ◆ ENVIRONMENT Please add my name to the Century Plus Roster (gifts of $150 or more). MEMBERSHIP GOAL My gift is for the Second Century Fund. Please credit the ______Section goal. $1.5 MILLION PLEASE PRINT SECTION GOALS Name ______CORDILLERAN NORTH-CENTRAL NORTHEASTERN Address ______$465,000 $170,000 $265,000 City/State/ZIP ______ROCKY MOUNTAIN SOUTH-CENTRAL SOUTHEASTERN Phone ______$225,000 $165,000 $210,000

244 GSA TODAY, December 1995 SAGE REMARKS

Edward E. “Dr. Ed” Geary, Educational Programs Coordinator Exemplary Earth Science Education Resources: Part One

During the past five years, interest in earth science education has grown Workshops students, and high school teachers rapidly. In fact, for the 1995 GSA Annual Meeting in New Orleans in Novem- and encourages them to push the ber more abstracts were submitted to the education technical sessions than to At both the 1994 and 1995 GSA envelope in educational reform. any other technical program category. As interest in earth science education annual meetings, NAGT and GSA have The Distinguished Speaker's grows, many GSA members have expressed an interest in learning about and cosponsored a day-long workshop on Program is supported by a generous keeping up to date on the educational activities and resources of other organi- effective teaching aimed primarily grant from the National Science Foun- zations. The article here focuses on the programs and resources of the National at new faculty members and graduate dation. Funding is currently available Association of Geoscience Teachers. students interested in teaching. The to cover travel costs for a speaker to workshops offered hands-on, practical visit your school, and the deadline for sessions focused on specific strategies mid-year applications is December 20, NAGT and JGE: New Names and New for effective geoscience teaching. The 1995. If you would like information sessions emphasized nontraditional and an application for funding to bring Programs in Support of Geoscience Education approaches and gave participants a Distinguished Speaker to your cam- Lauret Savoy, Mount Holyoke College practical suggestions and strategies to pus, contact the speaker coordinator, Barbara Tewksbury, Hamilton College improve student learning. Sessions Barbara Tewksbury, at btewksbu@ during the workshop focused on hamilton.edu (or 315-859-4713). approaches to course design, more effective lecturing to large classes, Electronic Discussions The National Association of has 23 articles on techniques and working in groups in large classes, Geoscience Teachers (NAGT), one of approaches for group and collaborative NAGT actively supported develop- moving away from lecture-based GSA’s associated societies, has recently learning in the classroom, in the field, ment of a new discussion list, known courses, and authentic assessment. changed its name and has developed and in research settings. Sample titles as Geo-ed list, on the Internet. Geo-ed NAGT hopes to be able to continue several exciting programs to encourage from the table of contents illustrate the list was developed and maintained by offering intensive short courses on high-quality teaching in the geo- wide variety of types of courses Bryan Tapp at the University of Tulsa effective teaching over the next few sciences. We hope that this article and subdisciplines addressed in the and has provided an invaluable forum years, including several one-day short will encourage you to subscribe to articles: Specific Strategies for Using for discussion of important issues in courses to be held in conjunction with the Journal of Geoscience Education the “Jigsaw” Technique, Changing a geoscience education. In the eight national and regional GSA and AGU and become a member of NAGT. Course in Marine Geology from Lecture months since the discussion list began, meetings and a four-day summer work- Format to a Cooperative-Learning subscribers have talked back and forth shop on redesigning introductory and What’s in a name? Format, A Collaborative Approach to electronically about issues ranging upper level undergraduate geoscience Petrology Field Trips, Cooperative from strategies for collaborative learn- For many years, NAGT had been courses. We hope, in addition, to be Learning Activities in Large Entry-Level ing to budget cuts. The list is an ideal the National Association of Geology able to produce a companion Teaching Geology Courses, and Research Groups way to float a question, conduct an Teachers. In order to make the broad Resource Book of successful and inno- for Undergraduate Students. informal survey, or ask for advice and focus of the organization more explicit, vative strategies for teaching geoscience receive many responses in a short the membership voted in the fall to undergraduates. Events at the period of time. Individuals wishing to of 1995 to change “Geology” to 1995 GSA Meeting join the list should contact Bryan at ”Geoscience” in both the association’s Distinguished Speaker Series [email protected] for instruc- name and the name of its journal, At the GSA Annual Meeting in In 1994–1995, NAGT launched a tions on how to subscribe. which is now the Journal of Geoscience New Orleans, NAGT sponsored or program of Distinguished Speakers, Education. cosponsored several popular sessions who have made themselves available WWW Home Page focused on geoscience education. The for workshops and presentations on Journal of Geoscience sessions included a one-day workshop NAGT has a home page under innovative teaching in the geosciences. Education on effective teaching (cosponsored construction on the World Wide Web. The ten speakers in the program were with GSA), an afternoon workshop on By the time this article appears in print, Advances in geoscience education chosen not only for their abilities as preparing successful grant proposals it should be up and running. Look for happen most quickly when educators speakers and workshop leaders, but also to fund curriculum innovation in the us! build on the successes of others, rather for their position at the forefront of geosciences (cosponsored with NSF), than reinvent the wheel over and over creative approaches to teaching geo- a symposium on assessing teaching Subscriptions and again. Dissemination of great ideas is science. Dean McManus (University of and learning, and two theme sessions, Membership a critical step in the process, and the Washington), for example, is available one on environmental geoscience Journal of Geoscience Education is to talk about the successes and prob- A one-year subscription to the across the curriculum (cosponsored dedicated to seeing that great ideas lems of using cooperative learning in Journal of Geoscience Education, which with GSA's Institute for Environmental reach the widest possible audience. courses, and on using the World Wide also includes membership in NAGT, Education), and one on making Published five times a year, the Journal Web for student projects. Marcia costs $25 for professionals and $15 for connections between K–12 and univer- of Geoscience Education aims to Bjornerud (Lawrence University) offers students. Subscription and membership sity education (cosponsored with the reach teachers with the best ideas for workshops on leaner teaching, and the forms appear inside the back cover of National Earth Science Teachers teaching geoscience at all levels. JGE inverse relationship between compre- any issue of JGE or are available from Association and GSA). is the place to learn about creative and hensive coverage and student compre- Bob Christman ([email protected]. At the NAGT booth in the Exhibit innovative ways to teach geoscience hension, as well as incorporating com- wwu.edu or Box 5443, Bellingham, WA Hall, many people took The NAGT and is the only journal devoted to puters in the classroom. Heather 98227-5443). Individual back issues of Challenge, where we challenged improving the quality of geoscience Macdonald (College of William and JGE are available at $8 each from the faculty members to commit to trying education from content to pedagogy. Mary) will speak on alternatives to same address. Questions about NAGT at least one new innovative strategy Inside the pages of JGE, you’ll find lectures in large introductory courses. programs can be addressed to NAGT in teaching their courses during this articles that range in topic from the Barbara Tewksbury (Hamilton College) President Heather Macdonald academic year and to submit a short general to the specific, from college- is available for workshops on innova- (heather@asci. wm.edu) or Vice summary of their successes for inclu- level to elementary school. The Journal tive course design. Paul Pinet (Colgate President Barbara Tewksbury sion in a report on the results of the publishes stimulating examples of University) and Jill Schneiderman ([email protected]). Challenge, to be published in JGE. innovation in the content of what we (Vassar College) could speak, respec- The Journal of Geoscience Education teach, as well as creative approaches Collaboration with tively, on earth science and ethics, and is a real deal and is the only journal and methods for how we teach. GSA and AGU policy in geoscience curricula. Through devoted to improving geoscience edu- Recent issues have included articles these and the other Distinguished cation. We invite you to subscribe on innovative strategies for teaching NAGT activities at the New Orleans Speakers, NAGT reaches a large and to explore great ideas for great large classes, new approaches for GSA meeting are typical of the collabo- number of college faculty, graduate teaching! ■ teaching mineralogy, creative demon- rative approach that NAGT has taken strations for grade school classes, and in working closely over the past techniques for integrating computers several years with other professional into courses. The Journal also has geoscience organizations interested reviews of movies, videos, software, in improving the quality of geoscience and books. education. In addition to activities at Many teachers at all levels are GSA meetings, NAGT has cosponsored interested in successful strategies for the AGU Chapman Conference It’s GSA’s Publications Catalog incorporating more hands-on and Scrutiny of Undergraduate Education, group investigation and less lecture held in September 1994, and has been 1-800-472-1988 into their classes. The September 1995 a prominent participant in the CESE issue of JGE is undoubtedly destined (Coalition for Earth Science Education) FREE! (303) 447-2020 to become the resource for such ideas exhibit hall booth at National Science in the geosciences. This 150-page issue Teachers Association annual meetings.

GSA TODAY, December 1995 245 1996 Officers of the International Division are President James W. Skehan, Boston College; INTERNATIONAL DIVISION NEWS First Vice-President Ian W. D. Dalziel, University of Texas at Austin; Second Vice-President Gabor Tari, Amoco Production Company, Houston; Secretary-Treasurer Suzanne Mahlburg Pinar O. Yilmaz, Past President, International Division Kay, Cornell University.

GSA International Division Notes Advantages of Industry Collaboration with Academia

The GSA International Division many companies, both basic and ing access to unpublished data, facili- University of Reading, Petroleum strives to establish relationships with applied research are being cut back ties, and equipment, and may obtain Science Technical Institute, IBM UK overseas academic institutions and sharply. Restructuring in the industry funding for research activities. Science Center, and Sander Geophysics, research centers in order to publicize is coming at a time when public fund- Industry-funded research topics are Ltd., United Kingdom; CSIRO— their activities to GSA members. The ing for research and training in the as diverse as the industry itself: from Canberra, Australia; KFA, Norway; petroleum industry has established academic institutions is being cut. hydrocarbon cracking kinetics to reser- and University of Calgary, Canada. communication and in some cases With overall long-term funding dimin- voir characterization to rock physics, as This listing expands to include more funded some of the research applicable ishing, researchers in universities and well as artificial intelligence. In general, countries if groups sponsored by to their exploration activities around research laboratories are developing most of these interdisciplinary projects other companies are added. the world. The International Division shorter term applied research projects. are funded by a consortium consisting The International Division of could enhance exposure of these Industry-funded research programs, of the research institution itself, gov- GSA should be active in contacting groups in GSA and facilitate scientific once thought to be on the fringe, are ernment, and one or more industry these overseas centers and should interaction by forging ties between becoming more important in academic members. Members of the consortium attempt to include them in symposia industry and academia during sym- institutions. provide guidance and direction given planning for annual meetings. Travel posia at annual meetings and at other The petroleum industry (Exxon, to the research, as well as specified support for key foreign researchers GSA-sponsored meetings. Shell, Mobil, Texaco, Amoco, Chevron, products. Occasionally, foreign could be requested from the industry The international petroleum and others) supports academic research researchers are in the United States in a model similar to that used by industry is currently in the midst of both at home and overseas. The indus- for consulting visits to the industry. the American Association of Petroleum a dynamic shift toward redefining the try needs to keep up with recent For Exxon, some of the overseas centers Geologists and the Society of Economic approach to exploration and produc- advances in science and technology, involved in leveraged research include Geologists. These organizations have tion. Companies are smaller, research and can leverage its outsourced University of Nancy, France; Geological forged industry-academia bonds, and groups are more focused, and an research studies for the added benefit Institute of the Russian Academy of similar relationships should work well increasingly large number of support of recruiting potential new hires. Sciences; Free University and Delft for the International Division of GSA. activities are being outsourced. In Academic institutions benefit by hav- University of Technology, Netherlands; ■

AGID Scholarship Opportunity for Field Work by International Students

The Association of Geoscientists cilor of AGID at the time of his death. rewarding aspects of Vice President Donations to the William Greenwood for International Development (AGID) Twenty awards were made in 1994 to Sandra Barr's work with AGID has been Memorial Scholarship Fund are wel- offers several opportunities that might students in eight countries in Asia, the letters received from these students. come, and can be sent to Sandra Barr be of some interest to International Africa, and Latin America, in support Reports on some of these projects have (Dept. of Geology, Acadia University, Division members. One is the William of field work related to their graduate been included in the first issue of Wolfville, N.S. B0P 1X0, Canada) by Greenwood Memorial Scholarship thesis projects. The awards are small, Geoscience and Development (formerly check or money order made payable Fund. The fund was established in only US$100-300 each, but of great AGID News), which was published in to AGID. ■ memory of Bill Greenwood, a Coun- help to the recipients. One of the most Uruguay with help from UNESCO.

sphere Program Task Force on the New Honorary Fellows Origin of Sedimentary Basins, coord- inating the European community Two eminent scientists, P. G. Cooray and Ferenc Horvath, the newly named project Advanced Training in Geology GSA Honorary Fellows, exemplify the spirit of international cooperation that (Eotvos University, University of sparks progress in the geosciences. Karlsruhe, and Free University of Am- sterdam), and promoting the proposed EuroProbe seismic profiling project While doing research and writing Ferenc across the Carpathian Mountains and on, especially, the geology and mineral (Frank) Pannonian basin. He has applied his resources of Sri Lanka, Cooray has also multidisciplinary research in regional- worked to further international cooper- Horvath and prospect-scale evaluations of ation in geoscience. He has been on the hydrocarbons in the Carpathian- Council and served as president of the Combining study of the European Pannonian region. Association of Geoscientists for Inter- Pannonian basin, teaching, and pro- Committed to educating geo- national Development (AGID), initi- motion of international scientific science students in Hungary, Horvath Percival ated the first Geological Congress of cooperation, Frank Horvath has made has paved the way for many of those South Asia, served on the International significant and lasting contributions students to do graduate and postdoc- Gerald Geological Correlation Program Scien- to geoscience knowledge. toral work in western Europe and the Cooray tific Committee, and chaired the Hungarian born (1944) and United States. He teaches practical organizing committee for the second educated (Ph.D., Eotvos University, application of the general principles Cooray’s 40 year career in geo- Geological Congress of South Asia. Budapest), Horvath teaches at Eotvos and theory, bringing modern concepts science has included detailed mapping He has written papers and books while doing research in tectonics and to the traditional eastern European of Sri Lanka and authorship of the stan- on such diverse topics as earth slips, environmental geology and basin anal- education system. dard reference book on the country’s sand deposits, mica ages in gneiss, and ysis and hydrocarbons. He was co-edi- Horvath has organized numerous geology, teaching in Southeast Asia and geoscience and development. His book tor of The Pannonian Basin—A Study in conferences in Hungary and elsewhere. Africa, and research on charnockites. Geoscientific Writing and Editing, pub- Basin Evolution (American Association He has served on the editorial boards of Cooray, born in Kuala Lumpur, lished by AGID in 1987, continues to of Petroleum Geologists, 1988), still the Tectonophysics and Terra Nova, and he Malaysia, in 1920, earned a B.A. Hon- be a best seller, and he has used it in principal multidisciplinary reference received an award for an educational ors in geography, a B.Sc. in geology, his workshops on writing and editing on the evolution of that basin. The television series on earth science. He is and a Ph.D. in geology at the Univer- in Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, book was an outgrowth of a major proj- currently on the executive council of sity of London, and a Diploma of Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Zambia. ect between the Massachusetts Institute the European Union of Geosciences. Imperial College (University of Lon- As a field mapper, scholar, and of Technology and Eotvos University. Undeterred by political obstacles, don) in geology. He has taught at the teacher, Cooray has applied his Previous collaborations involved Italian Horvath has promoted international University of Ceylon, the University of knowledge and ability to furthering and British scientists studying the tec- geological cooperation, and through Ife (Nigeria), the University of Zambia, societal welfare in his part of the tonics and geologic evolution of the his work he has fostered contacts and King Abdulaziz University (Saudi world and fostering communication Mesozoic continental margin in between the Hungarian petroleum Arabia); he is currently a visiting lec- of geological knowledge to the rest of Europe. His international scientific industry and the academic world in turer in the Department of Geology the world. ■ activity has included participation in Hungary and elsewhere. ■ at the University of Peradeniya in the International Geodynamics Project, Sri Lanka. co-chairing the International Litho-

Honorary Fellowship outside of North America. Most have been elected after many years of outstanding and interna- GSA Honorary Fellows, geoscientists who have distinguished themselves in geological tionally recognized contributions to the science. investigations or in notable service to the Society, are nominated by Members or Fellows; five The deadline for 1996 nominations is February 1, 1996. Nomination forms and procedures letters of support are required for each nomination. The GSA Council considers the nominations are avaialble by contacting: Executive Director, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, and gives final approval. Nearly all Honorary Fellows are non–North American and live and work Boulder, CO 80301, (303) 447-2020, fax 303-447-1133.

246 GSA TODAY, December 1995 Steven D. Jorgensen Kenneth R. Marion Samuel T. Peavy New GSA Members Lura E. Joseph Jerry W. Martin William H. Peck Scott H. Juliano Mark W. Martin Nicolai Pedentchouk The following 704 Members were elected to membership by council action during David J. Kalina Myrna I. Martinez Brian J. Peer the period from April 1995 through October 1995. Birgitta E. Kalinowski Kevin G. Marty John M. Pekala Jeanne E. Kalvar Joseph A. Mason Elise G. Pendall Adityamoy Kar Lawrence D. Matson William H. Petty Daniel B. Karner Julie A. Maxson Scott M. Pinsonnault Yvonne A. Katzenstein Michael B. Maxwell Carlos Pirmez Andrew P. Abban Mary S. Clark Christopher A. Gellasch Shelley J. Kauffman Cathleen L. May Steven B. Pittman Mark B. Abbott Margo Clerkin Aberra Getahun Shin-ichi Kawate Michael A. Mayhew Bruce A. Pletsch Martin Acaster Troy W. Clinton Bibek Ghosh Byard L. Kershaw David P. Mayo Michael A. Poage Andrew B. Aceves Monika K. Cloys Susan A. Gibbons Laszlo P. Keszthelyi Brian G. McAdoo Michael R. Ponte Kurt N. Addington Aron K. Clymer J. Lynette Gillette Richard A. Ketcham Brian W. McArdell Linda M. Price Brian R. Adkins Emily A. Cobabe Marilyn H. Ginsberg Michael W. Ketterer Thomas L. McClain Carol J. Pride Rhonda M. Adkins Beatriz Coira Rejean Girard Thom T. Kettinger, Jr. David T. McConaughy Benjamin P. Pursell Gerardo J. Aguirre-Diaz Frederic R. Coll Thomas Glade Joni R. Keyser Timothy W. McDonald Glenn R. Pyle Moses L. Alcala William H. Collins III Jeanne E. Glahn Arshad A. Khan Heather G. McElroy William D. Raatz Kambra M. Allen Jeffrey W. Cook Barbara Gloyd Suvrat Kher Lynn M. McFarland Hope A. Radin Mead A. Allison Claudia A. Cool Peter E. Godfrey Carrie Kievman Michael R. McHale Cathy Ragland Susan J. Altman Frances G. Cooper Tim N. Godwin Jun-Mo Kim John T. McInnis Bret Rahe Carlos A. Alvarez Scott W. Costello Patti M. Goebel Seung B. Kim John P. McKiness Michael A. Raines Dorothea Ames Matthew R. Cowan Karen A. Goldenberg Yong Hoon Kim Jerry F. McManas Troy Rasbury Chris Y. Anani Mason O. Cox III Alan Goldin Elizabeth M. King Gregory A. Mead John A. Rayburn Diana Elder Anderson Christena Marie Cox Abraham Golik John M. Kipp, Jr. Andrew J. Meigs Heather L. Reccelli-Snyder Vassilia Angelaki Peter A. Craig Sheryl L. Gordon Jane F. Klassen Mario Mejia-Navarro Jin-Han Ree Marco Antonellini Todd A. Crampton Yuri Gorokhovich Arno Kleber Nancy Mesoloras Kevin L. Reed John G. Arnason Mechelle M. Crisler Meg C. Grantham James E. Klemaszewski Tad W. Messenger Betsy J. Reese Bill W. Arnold Riccardo Crivellari Charles M. Graves Gunther Kletetschka Elizabeth V. Meyers Klaus Reicherter Daniel K. Asiedu Andrew D. Cunningham Sallie E. Greenberg Kurt M. Knesel Karen D. Meyers James Repka Aida A. Awad Jennifer S. Cyrnak Arthur M. Greene Jasper Knight Doug Mick David R. Richards Nina L. Baghai Andrew P. Czebieniak Lisa Greer Hee Jae Koh Stephanie K. Mickle Moira K. Ridley Taixu Bai Frank A. D’Agnese Stephen W. Grimes Jonathan J. Kolak Joseph C. Mier Kevin Righter Eugene M. Bailer Terri A. D’Elia Alice E. Gripp Daniel J. Koning Brian E. Miller Melissa C. Robertson Scott W. Bailey Alula B. Damte Tracy M. Grover Lis K. Konnecke Jonathan S. Miller Scott E. Robinson Steven D. Balsley Charles W. Daugherty Chad E. Gunter Carla M. Koretsky Mark B. Miller P. Charles Robnett Huiming Bao Michael R. Daugherty Gregory S. Guyer Steven W. Korte Pnina E. Miller Joseph A. Rodgers Chris A. Barker Mark E. Davidson Debra K. Guyette Jeffrey U. Kraus Raoul J. Miller Reinhard K. Roessling Sharon L. Barker Reginald G. Dawkins, Jr. Marc J. Haga Rama Krishnaswamy Heather A. Moffat David B. Rogers Robert F. Barminski, Jr. J. Laurent De Verteuil Scott A. Hageman Evelyn S. Krull Alfred E. Moffit III John B. Rogers Walter A. Barnhardt Rendolph W. Dean Linda S. Hall Timothy C. W. Ku Stephen J. Mojzsis Raymond Rogers Mark L. Barnhill Robert M. DeConto Robert W. Handel Kristen E. Kudless M. Ann Molineux Joel C. Rowland R. Keith Barnhill Rebecca T. DeKeyzer Robert Handler David D. Kuehn Sarah Moody Mousumi Roy Douglas Barrie Janice E. Denney John E. Hanscom Michael R. Kulbersh Buff Moore Elizabeth Rudolph Susanne Barth Rhawn F. Denniston Sarah L. Hanson Mark A. Kulp Cara L. Moore Bruce F. Rueger Julie K. Bartley Cathrin F. DeNooyer T. Anthony Harding Mushtaq A. Kurd Gordon M. Moore L. Christine Russell Colleen A. Barton Alexander L. Densmore David P. Harper Andrew C. Kurtz Thomas Moore Scott D. Rutherford Carl P. Bastian Edwin J. DeYoung John A. Harper Sherry Lynn Kuttner Roger H. Morin Andrew E. Sabin Jeffrey K. Bates Jennifer R. Diaz Connie M. Harris Christian M. Lacasse Kevin N. Morrison Nita Sahai Eric C. Beam Arne R. Diercks Nancy R. Harris Terry D. Lahm Juan-Carlos Moya Susan E. H. Sakimoto Chris Alan Bean Robert W. Dillon Nina T. Harun Melissa A. Lamb Carol L. Mueller Vincent J. M. Salters Rachel J. Beane David M. Diodato Allan P. Hascall Christian D. Langevin R. Dietmar Mueller Jack J. Satkoski Rebecca L. Beavers Victor J. DiVenere Zuhair S. Hassan Elizabeth A. Large Sankar K. Muhuri Jeffrey P. Schaffer Nathan C. Becker Suvasis Dixit Kay C. Havenor Theodore L. Larrieu Walter C. Munly Thomas P. Schar Ulf Becker Amy L. Dobson David P. Hawkins Michelle S. Larson Michele Murray Volker Schenk Felisa Bercowski Peter A. Dodson Timothy J. Hazlett David C. Latterman Marlon A. Nance Tamra A. Schiappa Ed D. Bertch Steven H. Donk Chuck Headlee Peter R. Laudon Klaus Neumann Dieter A. Schirnik Glenn P. Biasi Susan L. Dougherty Douglas L. Heath Eunil Lee Brent D. Newman Anna M. Schmidt Michael Bierbaumer Sandra M. Dowling Jeffrey M. Heikoop Jae Il Lee Leonid A. Neymark Christopher M. Schneider Jerry K. Bird Christopher S. Dube Elizabeth M. Heinen Jennifer J. Lee Lynda S. Nicholson Carl W. Schnell Jennifer L. Bishop Yuri V. Dublyansky Theresa L. Heirshberg Sang H. Lee John G. Nickerson Michael L. Schoemann Cheryl A. Bjoraker Gary S. Dwyer Matthew J. Heller Peter M. Leffler Kathleen A. Nicoll Meg E. Schramm John J. Blandin James L. Dyson Marc S. Hendrix Christopher A. Lepczyk Shang-You Nie Kathryn A. Schubel DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl Dale H. Easley Niall D. Henshaw Halard L. Lescinsky Philip A. Norlund Alison B. Schwab Yvonne Bone Andrea M. Edenfield Darrin W. Herbst Peter M. LeTourneau Kimberley D. Norris Roberta Score Louis B. Boren Kenneth S. Edgett Berggren Nora Herrera Polly S. Leung Clyde J. Northrup III Erik D. Scott Jenny Boryta Burkhard N. Eisenlohr David W. Hess, Jr. Liangquan Li Lee A. Novick Gregg A. Scott Lisa D. Boucher Jonathan B. Ellingson Thomas A. Hickson Frank G. Lieth James A. O’Neill, Jr. Ceinwen R. Scutter Robin M. Bouse Amy L. Ellwein Robert A. Hiergesell Li Lin Ruth P. O’Neill Robert P. Self Scott A. Bowman Javier Elorza Carol A. Hill Candice L. Lindstrom Jennifer L. O’Reilly Giovanni F. Sella Thomas M. Boyington James A. Embry Steven S. Hill Viktoras A. Liogys June A. Oberdorfer Christopher Semerjian Daniel J. Brabander Juliana Erato-Gracia Robert C. Hinsch Mike K. Liquori William J. Odell William E. Seyfried, Jr. Angela K. Braden Sheryl D. Ervin Scott P. Hippensteel Edward C. Little Thomas W. Oesleby Colin A. Shaw Marcia L. Branstetter Javier Escartin Amy K. Hirschfeld Randy Littrell Ivan P. Olaya-Lopez Zhuping Sheng Carsten Braun Jose L. Escriba Moran Joshua J. Hirten Sharon M. Locke Amalia M. Olivera-Riley Sean M. Sherlock John D. Breeding Richard P. Esser Anthony R. Hoch Staci L. Loewy Eric L. Olson Sarah B. Sherman Thomas J. Brennen David G. Evans Amy Hochberg David E. Long Thomas D. Olszewski Yangshen Shi Judith B. Brock Graham Evans Kip V. Hodges Kathleen S. Long J. Stephen Opp Ryoji Shiraki Brook E. Brosi Kevin R. Evans Gregory J. Holk Jennifer L. Loomis William D. Orndorff Beth A. Shoemaker Clint M. Brown Rex L. Evatt III Andy Horn Rosaly M.C. Lopes-Gautier Maria-Amabel Ortega-Rivera Jennifer D. Shosa Harry E. Brown Brian J. Exton Roberta M. Hotinski J. Guadalupe Lopez-Oliva Walter E. Osborne William J. Showers Randall B. Brown Liyan Fang Richard D. House David A. Love Keith R. Oswald Fredrick D. Siewers Timothy P. Bryant Jeffery L. Fant William S. Houston William R. Lozier Lisa D. Oxboel Alain Simard Geoffrey T. Buckner Steven M. Fasano Victoria C. Hover Gangyi Lu Edward Michael Padilla Tapendra P. Sinha Ashley S. Burns Douglas J. Faulkner Eugenia F. Howell David J. Lubinski Mark Pagani Nicholas S. Sirek Diane M. Burns LeeAnn Feher R. Blair Hrabi George M. Lukert Patricia A. Painter Nikolaos Sirtariotis Emily Burns Paul M. Feinberg Bernard E. Hubbard Donald K. Lumm Lance Pape Francesca A. Smith Jay Patrick Busch Charles A. Ferguson Donald J. Huebner Barry L. Lumpkin Laura A. Parent Gerald J. Smith David M. Bush Nelson F. Fernandes Audrey D. Huerta Norman R. Lutz Vita Pariente Shannon C. Smith David L. Butler Gabriel M. Filippelli Yvonne Huff Louis Madore Hyuck J. Park Shawn S. Smith Cecilia Caballero-Miranda Robert P. Fillmore Jennifer M. Husek Jeffrey F. A. Malaihollo Andrew D. Passarelli Rebecca C. Smyth-Boulton Sherry L. Cady David B. Finkelstein Jimmie L. Hutchison Bruce D. Malamud Donald A. Pattalock Adewale A. Sobande Carol L. Callaghan Tobias P. Fischer David W. Hyndman Jody V. Maliga Timothy S. Paulsen Vladimir N. Sobolev Erin A. Campbell Peter S. Fiske Richard V. Jacko Kent Malinowsky Robert T. Pavlowsky Neil L. Campbell John M. Fletcher David M. Jacura David H. Malone Earnest D. Paylor II New Members John P. Cann IV Joan F. Flinch Dawn E. Janney William F. Manley Daniel S. Pazdersky continued on p. 248 Enrique A. Carballido- Dora C. Florindo Valerie A. Jansen Sanchez Carlos Fonseca Peter J. Jaumann Vincent M. Carbone James T. Fowler Emmanuelle J. Javaux Brian S. Carl Stephen E. Fox David L. Jeffery Christine Carlson Anthony M. Foyle David G. Jewett New GSA Fellows Jon C. Carlson Eugene J. Freeman Kevin H. Johannesson Robert K. Carr Theresa L.B. Fritzel Bradford J. Johnson The following 22 Members were advanced to Fellowship in November 1995. Steven F. Carr Jacqueline Frizano David D. Johnson John S. Catches David Froehlich Joyce A. Johnson Henrietta E. Cathey Weldon G. Frost Neil A. Johnson Ina B. Alterman Gregor P. Eberli Ted A. Maxwell Heather L. Caudill Kelly Hobby Fuks Scott E. Johnson Daniel A. Cenderelli Benjamin Funderburk William J. Johnson Robert W. Baker Eric R. Force David J. W. Piper Baolong Chai Tracy T. Furutani Darren M. Jolley Jon C. Boothroyd Simon Hanmer Donald I. Siegel Paul D. Chang Eddy Z. Gaffar David A. Jones James R. Burnell, Jr. Michael E. Hohn James T. Teller Marshall Chapman Erin E. Gagan Michelle L. Jones Nicholas H. Noel P. James P. C. Thurston Chi-Van Chin Angela M. Gaitros Sidney M. Jones Christie-Blick Patricia H. Kelley E. Bruce Watson Shafiul H. Chowdhury Juan-Carlos Garcia Terry A. Jones Peter P. Christiansen Kathryn K. Gauthier Brennan T. Jordan B. Neil Church Darrel G. F. Long Frederic H. Wilson Anna Cipollini Bernadi Gelabert-Ferrer Jacob A. Jordan J. Allan Donaldson Ernest A. Mancini Lori A. Clark Gregory A. Gelhar Mette S. Jordan

GSA TODAY, December 1995 247 PUBLICATIONS NEWS FROM GSA BOOK REVIEWS

Dolomites. A Volume in Honor of tions between dolomitization and Dolomieu. International Association of organic matter (two papers). In the BOOKWATCH THIS COLUMN FOR NEWS NOOK ABOUT GSA PUBLICATIONS Sedimentologists Special Publication 21. Introduction chapter (three papers), Edited by Bruce Purser, Maurice Tucker, the editors nicely summarize and dis- and Donald Zenger. Blackwell, Oxford, cuss dolomite research in terms of its REVIEWS IN ENGINEERING GEOLOGY X ARCHAEOLOGICAL GEOLOGY OF THE ARCHAIC UK, 1994. present state, including recent progress, PERIOD IN NORTH AMERICA CLAY AND SHALE SLOPE INSTABILITY remaining gaps in knowledge, and edited by W. C. Haneberg and S. A. Anderson, 1995 edited by E. A. Bettis III, 1995 his volume is a compilation of 24 future developments. The geo-histori- Ten state-of-the-art papers address both empirical and The stratigraphic record of the early and middle Holocene articles presented at the Dolomieu analytical aspects of clay and shale slope instability. Among T cal article on the scientific and adven- in North America reveals the controls that sedimentary and Conference on Carbonate Platforms the topics discussed in detail are limit equilibrium stability pedologic processes have exerted on our perceptions of the turous life of Déodat de Dolomieu is analysis, shear strength of clay and clayey colluvium, use of associated archaeological record of the Archaic Period. and Dolomitization held in September particularly enjoyable. On the other triaxial test data to evaluate viscoplastic slope movements, Various approaches to investigating and modeling the 1991 at Ortisei, Italy, to celebrate the numerical modeling of pore pressure distribution in archaeological geology of the early and middle Holocene in hand, the summary article presented 200-year anniversary of the publication heterogeneous soils, rational analysis of rainfall and North America are presented. Information is drawn from a at the end of the Introduction appears landslide movement patterns, the effects of hydrothermal variety of sources, including previously unpublished studies of Dolomieu's historic paper describing redundant and of little use to the alteration on slope stability, mudrock durability and and the “gray” literature of cultural resource management dolomite. Editors Purser, Tucker, and stability considerations, and regional clay and shale slope studies. reader, each article having an abstract. Zenger have together accumulated a stability problems in Italy. This volume is a must for SPE297, 158 p., paperback, indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2297-7, More useful would be an article in researchers and practitioners in engineering geology, $45.00 vast experience and in-depth knowl- geomorphology, geotechnical engineering, hydrogeology, which the editors would have placed edge of carbonate rocks and are well natural hazard assessment, and other fields concerned with PERMIAN-TRIASSIC PANGEAN BASINS AND the dolomitization problem in a more clay and shale slope processes. suited for presenting this selection of FOLDBELTS ALONG THE PANTHALASSAN global geological context (climate, REG010, 160 p., hardbound, indexed. ISBN 0-8137-4110-6, articles on dolomites and dolomitiza- $60.00 MARGIN OF GONDWANALAND eustasy, tectonics, stratigraphy, basin tion processes. Despite the considerable edited by J. J. Veevers and C. McA. Powell, 1994 hydrogeology). This global perspective After reconstructing Permian-Triassic Gondwanaland, volume of papers and books on dolo- JURASSIC MAGMATISM AND TECTONICS OF appears to be missing in this volume, THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA authors writing on South America, South Africa, Antarctica, mite, a significant number of problems edited by D. M. Miller and C. Busby, 1995 and Australia profusely illustrate the relevant geology of where interesting specific dolomitiza- each sector in maps and time-space diagrams underpinned and unanswered questions on the topic The 19 papers in this book discuss diverse approaches to tion examples are presented case by by robust biostratigraphic and radiometric dating. The work characterize the Jurassic tectono-magmatic event, identify remain. This volume is not a compre- is then drawn together in a stratigraphic-tectonic synthesis, case, without a real link between them. variations in its timing and other characteristics from hensive review of the present-day which features the specifically Gondwanan glaciogene and region to region, and consider its ultimate origin in terms of Some readers may regret that the puz- coal facies, the Early and Middle Triassic coal gap, and the knowledge of the dolomite problem; lithospheric processes. Crucial aspects of the Jurassic zling problem of dedolomitization is interplay of Pangean and Panthalassan tectonics. rather, the editors have chosen to pre- tectonic events from the Yukon to the southernmost U.S. are not even mentioned in this volume. described. This is an important look into now-eroded initial MWR184, 372 p., hardbound, ISBN 0-8137-1184-3, $100.00 sent an extensive selection of what The articles, all of high scientific subduction-driven orogeny of the Cordillera, the precursor should become reference articles on to later events that so strongly shaped present geology. standard, are well written (thus easy to … GSA MEMBERS, key problems discussed at the Ortisei Most papers are data-intensive first-order studies, although DNAG PUBLICATIONS read) and are illustrated by high-quality some fresh synthesis studies are also present. BE SURE TO USE YOUR “MEMBER SPECIAL LIST conference, with a specific emphasis SPE299, 432 p., paperback, indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2299-3, photographs, charts, and figures. PRICES” ON ALL DNAG ORDERS. SEE NEW on post-Paleozoic dolomitization cases. $95.00 There seems to be in this volume a CATALOG FOR DETAILS. Dolomites provides detailed exam- will, especially by some authors, to REEVALUATION OF THE BEDFORD-BEREA ples of well-studied dolomitization really attempt to quantify dolomitiza- SEQUENCE IN OHIO AND ADJACENT STATES: models, sabkha-evaporitic-reflux tion processes. Most of the articles are FORCED REGRESSION IN A FORELAND BASIN 1-800-472-1988 dolomitization (four papers), mixing- edited by J. C. Pashin and F. R. Ettensohn, 1995 supported by detailed field and petro- zone and sea water dolomitization The controversy of the origin of the Bedford-Berea sequence graphic observations and by ample is reevaluated in light of the many profound geologic (three papers) and burial dolomitiza- geochemical measurements of stable advances of the past 40 years. This report demonstrates how tion (five papers), and also focuses on sea-level variation, tectonism, paleotopography, and and Sr isotopes as well as some trace GSA PUBLICATION SALES other important subjects such as differential compaction functioned collectively to determine P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 elements. If all the authors, not just the complex depositional history and paleogeography of the dolomite reservoirs (three papers), 303-447-2020 or fax 303-447-1133 Bedford-Berea sequence. petrology and geochemistry of SPE298, 74 p., paperback, ISBN 0-8137-2298-5, $30.00 Prepayment required. Major credit cards accepted. dolomites (four papers), and the rela- Book Reviews continued on p. 249

Randell S. Johnson Andrew P. Patrick John A. Spins, Jr. New GSA Student Associates William M. Johnson Marlene A. Patterson Angela M. Sproat Stephen G. Kelly Stephanie A. Pearce Kelly L. Staton The following 162 Student Associates became affiliated with the Society during the Paula C. Kendall Garry A. Penner Mary Stecheson period from April 1995 through October 1995. Markus Kienast Brian J. Penney Peter M. Stephenson Mark A. Kiessling Jason L. Permenter Lora R. Stevens Nicholas F. Labedzki Carl Peterson Sean P. Sylva Rick C. Lee Jessica N. Pfundt Amy Thibodeau Richard O. Aguirre Anthony W. Catalano Bradley E. Franks Thierry Lieberge M. Isabel Pimentel Melynda R. Thomas MaryJo Alfano Shawn M. Chartrand Baoshun Fu Michael W. Liljegren Michael Przychodzen Sherry L. Thompson Clare M. Armstrong MarLung Chin Jonathan H. Geisler Eric C. Longen Alex K. Raab Shawn D. Thornton Steve R. Badger Reia M. Chmielowski Philip C. Giordano Nicholas D. Loomis Joan M. Ramage Jennifer L. Tobias Melissa A. Batum Jodi A. Clark Yves Godderis Keith J. Malphail Larry D. Rasmussen Roger M. Torgersen Margaret E. Betteridge Michael A. Connolly Kira L. Grana Adam R. Mars Dawn A. Redding David Tretbar Tavia L. Bicklein Damon B. Cook Cynthia M. Gray Todd L. Marsh Pal Redly Richard D. Trotter Gregory C. Blackburn Daniel Curewitz Christopher A. Greenhoot Louis L. Matich Charles R. Reed Kirstan C. Ulrich Shawn D. Blocker Timothy D. Daniell Adam S. Grodek Robin S. McCormack Tom Reid Chad A. Underwood Mary E. Bloomer Terri K. Dannenberg Bernard Guest Bret D. McIntyre J. Angela Roark Jeffrey J. VanDerHurst Michelle C. Boehmke Laure-Jeanne P. Davignon Todd Halihan Duane A. Meares John M. Robalin Melanie A. Vierkorn Stanley P. Bonis Ronny L. Davis Galen P. Halverson Karen S. Metz Carlyle W. Rogers Michael A. Wacker Lisa J. Boorman Safaa A. Dergham Diedre A. Hamil John M. Metzger Lisa R. Rovinelli Jane Warger Thomas J. Borra Kelly A. Dilliard Gregory C. Hamilton Greg S. Michael Carrie Rush Peter K. Weber Renee J. Bouplon Christopher R. Dillon Debra J. Harrington Patrick J. Mickler Aleeza H. Samuels Amy T. Welty Carl C. Bracklein Kristen M. Dougherty Daniel Heimgartner Janet Mizzi Kathryn C. Schalk Douglas D. Werkema, Jr. David L. Britton Scott T. Dreher Michelle A. Hil Susan J. Mountain Matthew R. Schneck Don C. Wheeler Michael R. Brudzinski Ken G. Dueker Scott A. Hilsmann Todd A. Myse Jody L. Shires, Jr. James M. Wilburn IV Christy J. Brush Derek W. Duncan Adam B. Holt Jennifer M. Neeley John C. Sieving Kirk D. Williams Katarzyna V. Bulicki Dane C. Evans Jim R. Hubbell Sally L. Neill Bryan V. Smith Susan M. Wilson Teddy P. Bunyapanasarn John M. Farren Mary A. Jay Jason D. Nord Dena M. Smith Dena J. Wunsch David A. Bushong Eric A. Flodin Andreas D. Jazdanian Maureen C. Padden Teresa D. Smith Autumn P. Yatabe Patrick D. Byerman Shannon K. Foster Janet F. Jewett Maria S. Panfil Carla R. Sparks Peggy J. Young ■

New Members Heping Sun Gustave I. Tolson Terance L. Virtue Lorene R. Whitecross Qingjun Yao continued from p. 247 Donna M. Surge Adalberto Torres Robert D. Voegele Sonjia M. Wicke Memorie K. Yasuda Suzanne Sweet Nalini Torres Gabriel Voicu Daniel W. Wiesneth Aaron S. Yoshinobu Chad C. Soliz Charles Tabet Keith G. Trask Erchie Wang John R. Wilder D. Craig Young, Jr. Mark D. Sonnenfeld Carol M. Tang Suzanne Traub-Metlay David B. Ward Joseph Wilkins Zhongbo Yu Michael J. Soreghan Pedro M. Tapia Ester Trivino Gregory A. Warren Andrew F. Willerton Kurt R. Yuengling Daniel Spector Bruce B. Taylor MaryEllen Tuccillo Paula J. Waschbusch Anita A. Williams Janet W. Yun Piyush Srivastav Jennifer R. Tegan Christopher D. Tuckey Tim F. Wawrzyniec Harry F. L. Williams Thomas Zack Stephen Stanton Hui Teng R. Thayer Tutt, Jr. Bart A. Weis Tanja N. Williamson Douglas W. Zbikowski Robert K. Stewart Eric A. Tenthorey Norman G. Van Broekhoven Michael J. Welch Christine L. Wiscombe Elizabeth A. Zbinden Karen B. Stilwell Edward R. Thieler IV Thomas E. Van Brunt Shana Marie Wells Kenneth W. Wisian Xi-Guang Zhang Jeffrey C. Strasser Wendi R. Thompson Nicholas Van Wyck Gregory B. Westphal Christopher P. Wolf Yong Zhang Joseph R. Stroud Hugo Tickyj Charles A. Ver Straeten Timothy N. Whalen Adam D. Woods Alan Zindler Peter L. Sturdivant Melinda R. Tidrick Natasa J. Vidic Walter H. Wheeler Scot P. Woodward Patrizia Ziveri Vasiliy D. Sudarikov Hilke Timmermann Robert J. Viens Kelin X. Whipple Karen E. Wright John-Paul Zonneveld Annett B. Sullivan Doug K. Tinkham Thierry Villemin Dania E. Whitaker Xiaogang Xie Haibo Zou ■ Toto A. Sumantri Jeffrey W. Tolhurst Wesley J. Vins Robert A. White Jingping Xu

248 GSA TODAY, December 1995 Book Reviews continued from p. 248 variety of volcanic centers and volcanic motions on Earth, nearly identical pat- ence, terrestrial geology, notable until features on Venus are such that it is terns and clustering of hot spots occur now for its necessary monoscopic some, would present and discuss their impossible not to learn something new on Venus in the absence of apparent attention to one geology. analytical data in the form of tables as about volcanism from the study of the plate motion. There may be a message Short of reading the original well as graphs, it would be much easier surface of Venus, which is otherwise here for our understanding of the papers, this is the best text for the for the reader to evaluate their data. unobservable on Earth, and the com- geometry, mantle melting events, and interested geologist to use in gaining The case studies chosen for this volume plexity of tectonic features on Venus, convection in planets in general. Third, some familiarity with Venus and some come from a broad range of geographic including faulting, folding, and multi- there is increasing evidence to support of these insights for understanding locations, depositional environments, phase deformation in bizarre terrains the presence of at least one “catas- Earth. geologic ages, and tectonic settings. such as tessera, is such that unraveling trophic” global tectonic and volcanic Although Venus: The Geological Dolomites will quickly become the the tectonic story of just a small area is event in the history of Venus, or a brief Story may not read like a story, it is “bedside companion” of every carbon- a direct challenge to the skills of the burst of activity planet-wide that com- nonetheless in part a chronological ate geologist. Unfortunately, because it best tectonic geologist. Second, Venus pletely resurfaced it in a geologically story of the geological exploration of fails to present dolomite and dolomiti- appears to have a global tectonic style short period of time. In the history of Venus. Because most of this story has zation in a global geological perspec- that differs from Earth. It does not geology as a science, there have been unfolded in the past few years, this tive, this book's popularity will proba- involve plate tectonics, for the most frequent allusions to possible global book is mostly about the results of the bly be restricted to sedimentary part, and is best described as intraplate “episodes” of tectonism, but arguable last (Magellan) mission to that planet petrographers. Because of its organiza- in character, or hot-spot–style tecton- evidence. The lesson here may be that and only partly about events and tion, scope, and level of detail, the vol- ism. This alone may yield clues to tec- some of the possible discontinuities in explorations leading up to that mis- ume is an ideal tool for teaching an tonic styles of pre–plate-tectonic Earth tectonic style and global history of sion. Although many specialists in the advanced sedimentary petrography and certain aspects of continental and Earth may hearken to similar global study of Venus may find minor quib- class or a graduate seminar on the plate interior deformation. Although “catastrophic” episodes in Earth’s past bles and oversimplifications in the text, subject of carbonate petrology. recent proposals relate hot spots and as yet unresolved. In short, Venus is large-scale igneous provinces to plate another experimental result in a sci- Book Reviews continued on p. 256 Philippe Claeys University of California Berkeley, CA 94720

Earth’s Glacial Record. Edited by M. Deynoux, J. M. G. Miller, E. W. Domack, N. Eyles, I. J. Fairchild, and G. M. Young. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1994, 266 p., $89.95. arth’s Glacial Record is the product E of IGCP Project 260 of the same name. The book comprises 19 papers that deal with glacial sedimentology, examining familiar questions such as whether a diamictite is glacial or of some other origin, such as a gravity deposit, and also examining interesting new questions such as the significance of carbonates and stable isotopes in carbonates associated with glacial deposits. In their preface, the editors of this volume state, “Now glacial sedi- mentology has joined the mainstream of sedimentology” (p. xv). That glacial sedimentology has become mainstream is best demonstrated by the use of several standard references in almost every contribution to the volume. Six- teen of the 19 papers are about Late Proterozoic and late Paleozoic glacial sequences, two papers are about glacial processes, and one is about tectonics and glaciation. This last paper, which constitutes Chapter 1, demonstrates another important truth: that our im- proved understanding of glacial sedi- mentology allows us more confidence in testing hypotheses of global tectonic and climatic change for such ancient times as the Late Proterozoic. Earth’s Glacial Record is well written and very well edited. It should be read by a much wider audience than just glacial sedimentologists. William N. Mode University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, WI 54901-8649

Venus: The Geological Story. Peter Cattermole. Johns Hopkins Univer- sity Press, Baltimore, 1994, $49.95. his book is relevant to all geolo- T gists interested in the history of Earth and processes of global tectonism and volcanism. There are several rea- sons why a book about Venus should be of general geologic interest. First, Venus is a geological museum of vol- canism and tectonism. Or to put it as John Guest, one of the Magellan mis- sion scientists and a GSA Planetary Geology Division G. K. Gilbert awardee, is fond of saying, “Venus is a volcanologist’s paradise and a tectonic geologist’s nightmare.” The beauty and

GSA TODAY, December 1995 249 Final Announcement Symposia 6. Invertebrate Paleontology of Symposia conveners have invited a the South-Central Region. James group of speakers for these sessions. Sprinkle, Department of Geological Volunteered talks are also highly Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION, GSA encouraged for these topics. TX 78712, (512) 471-4264, 1. NAGT Symposium—Planetary fax 512-471-9425. 30th Annual Meeting Geology in Geological Education. 7. Karst Hydrogeology. Neven James L. Carter, Programs in Kresic, Department of Geology, Texas Austin, Texas Geosciences, University of Texas at Christian University, Forth Worth, Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, TX 76129, (817) 921-7506, fax 817- March 11–12, 1996 ★ (214) 883-2455, fax 214-883-2537; 921-7789, E-mail: [email protected]. and Donald H. Lokke, Math and tcu.edu. Science Division, Richland College, 8. Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary Dallas, Texas, (214) 239-7920. Stratigraphy and Paleontology in he Department of Geological Sciences at the University 2. Records Preserved in Carbonate Northeastern Mexico. Richard Buf- of Texas at Austin will host the 30th meeting of the South-Central Section. The T Rocks: Cycles, Ocean Chemistry, fler, University of Texas Institute for meeting will be held on campus, during spring break week. Scientific sessions start Sedimentation, and Diagenesis. Geophysics, 8701 MoPac North, at 8:00 a.m., Monday, March 11, and conclude at 5:00 p.m., Tuesday, March 12. Brenda Kirkland-George, Department Austin, TX 78759, (512) 471-0448, LOCATION Cancellations, Changes, and of Geological Sciences, University fax 512-471-8844, E-mail: [email protected]. Refunds. All requests for registration of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, (512) utexas.edu; Kris Soegaard, Programs Austin is located where the additions, changes, and cancellations 471-5129, fax 512-471-9425, E-mail: in Geosciences, P.O. Box 830688, Colorado River cuts through the must be made in writing and received [email protected]; and University of Texas at Dallas, Richard- Balcones escarpment, formed by the at the GSA Meetings Department in Jay Banner, Department of Geological son, TX 75083, (214) 883-2415, E-mail: normal fault system that marks the Boulder by February 16, 1996. Faxes Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, [email protected]; and Francisco J. southeastern edge of the Texas Hill will be accepted. NO REFUNDS WILL TX 78712, (512) 471-5016, fax 512- Vega, Inst. Geológica, UNAM, México Country. Austin, the 23rd largest city BE MADE ON CANCELLATIONS 471-9425, E-mail: [email protected]. D.F., 04510, México, E-mail: vegaver@ in the nation, has a population of RECEIVED AFTER FEBRUARY 16, 1996. utexas.edu. servidor.unam.mx. 514,000, with 963,000 in the metro- Refunds will be mailed after the meet- 3. Caribbean Tectonics. 9. Origin and Evolution of politan area. Since the early 1980s, the ing, and fees paid by credit card will Larry Lawver, University of Texas the Ouachita Embayment. Ian region has had one of the fastest grow- be credited according to the card Institute for Geophysics, 8701 Dalziel, University of Texas Institute ing economies in the United States, number on the preregistration form. MoPac North, Austin, TX 78759, for Geophysics, 8701 MoPac North, with expansion driven largely by NO refunds will be given for on-site (512) 471-6156, fax 512-471-8844, Austin, TX 78759, (512) 471-6156, growth of high-tech industries. Thirty registration and ticket sales. E-mail: [email protected]. fax 512-471-8844, E-mail: [email protected]. miles of urban hike-and-bike trails 4. High-Resolution Analysis of utexas.edu. wind their way through more than STUDENT PAPER AWARDS Coastal Processes and Geomor- 10. Precambrian Evolution 11,000 acres of park land. Austin is AND TRAVEL GRANTS phic Change. Robert A. Morton, of the Southwestern Laurentian known by many as the “live music cap- Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, Continent. Calvin Barnes, Depart- Awards will be presented for the ital of the world,” with dozens of night University Station Box X, University ment of Geology, Texas Technological Best Oral Student Paper and Best Stu- spots along the nine-block stretch of of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, University, Lubbock, TX 79409, dent Poster at the meeting. Awards historic Sixth Street. (512) 471-1534, fax 512-471-0140, (806) 742-3102, fax 806-742-0100, will be based on quality of research The city is located along IH-35 E-mail: [email protected]. E-mail: [email protected]; Sharon and effectiveness of presentation. To approximately 200 miles south of Dal- 5. Fractured Aquifers and Mosher, Department of Geological be eligible, the abstract must list only las and 80 miles north of San Antonio. Petroleum Reservoirs. Steve Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, student authors and must be identified The airport is only a 15-minute drive Laubach, Texas Bureau of Economic TX 78712 (512) 471-4135, fax 512- clearly as a student paper. from campus. Dozens of hotels and Geology, University Station Box X, 471-9425, E-mail: mosher@maestro. Limited funds for support of travel numerous fine restaurants are readily University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, geo. utexas.edu; and Kent C. Nielsen, expenses for students presenting a accessible by car or taxi. The average (512) 471-1534, fax 512-471-0140, paper (oral or poster) at the meeting temperature in early March is 60 °F, E-mail: [email protected]. South-Central continued on p. 251 are available from the GSA South- with a 20% chance of a rain shower. Central Section. For information, REGISTRATION contact meeting chair Mark Cloos, Department of Geological Sciences, PREREGISTRATION DEADLINE: University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, Housing Form– FEBRUARY 9, 1996 (512) 471-4170, fax 512-471-9425, Holiday Inn—Town Lake, Austin, Texas E-mail: [email protected]. Anyone wishing to attend the Travel grant requests must be post- technical sessions, exhibits, or field marked no later than February 9, 1996. South-Central Section • Geological Society of America trips, must register for the meeting. Sunday, March 10–Tuesday, March 12 Preregistration can be accomplished by STUDENT POSTER SESSION returning the attached preregistration form with payment prior to February 9, The Geology Division of the Coun- Arrival Date ______Departure Date ______1996. Preregistrants will be mailed their cil on Undergraduate Research will badges and tickets. The meeting pro- sponsor a student poster session to Arrival Time ______Via Car or Airplane (circle one) gram and other materials will be avail- showcase senior theses and other able for pickup from a specially desig- undergraduate research projects. First Person Requesting Housing (type or print) nated area at the information and authors must be undergraduate stu- registration desk. dents and are responsible for the bulk Last Name ______First ______On-Site Registration. For those of the research, preparation of the who cannot preregister, on-site poster, and presentation of the results. Institution or Firm ______registration will be available Sunday, For more information, contact Diane R. Address or P.O. Box Number______March 10, from 4:30 to 8:00 p.m; Smith, Department of Geosciences, Monday, March 11, from 7:30 a.m. Trinity University, 715 Stadium Dr., City ______State/Province _____ ZIP ______to 4:30 p.m.; and Tuesday, March 12, San Antonio, TX 78212-7200, (210) from 7:30 to 11:30 a.m. Credit cards 736-7656, fax: 210-736-8264, E-mail: Phone: Day ( ) ______Home ( )______will NOT be accepted for on-site [email protected]. registration. Sharing room with ______A limited quantity of Abstracts TECHNICAL PROGRAM Type of room rate per day with Programs for the meeting and Papers are invited for presentation Smoking Nonsmoking guidebooks will be available for Single $72 at oral technical sessions, symposia, (circle one) purchase at the information and Double $72 and poster sessions. Papers dealing registration desk. with the geology of the South-Central • First night’s deposit or credit information must accompany reservation. region (Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, • Credit card deposits will be processed 14 days prior to arrival. REGISTRATION FEES and surrounding areas) are especially • Refund of deposit will be honored 14 days prior to arrival. • Rooms may not be available for occupancy until 3 p.m. on day of arrival. Advance* On-site encouraged. Except for special presen- • Check out time is 12:00 noon. tations arranged by symposia organiz- Professional–– ers, oral presentations will be limited to If your reservation is not received by February 9, 1996, availabilty cannot be guaranteed. Member $50 $60 17 minutes with 3 minutes for ques- Nonmember $55 $65 tions. Poster sessions will be set up for Telphone reservations accepted: Student–– four hours and authors will be available (512) 472-8211 fax 512-472-4636 Member $15 $25 for at least two hours to discuss their Type of Card ______Card Number ______Nonmember $20 $30 work. Abstracts volunteered for but not K–12 Teachers $15 $15 included in a symposia will be consid- Exp. date ______Signature ______ered for regular technical sessions. Guest or Spouse $10 $10 Send this form and remittance or credit card information to: Reservations Department, Holiday Inn, Austin—Town Lake, 20 N. IH-35, Austin, TX 78701 *Deadline is February 9, 1996.

250 GSA TODAY, December 1995 South-Central continued from p. 250 14. Tertiary Tectonics of the POSTER SESSIONS Pleistocene and Holocene deposits, South-Central Region. Randy and the second on middle to late Pleis- Three half-day poster sessions are Programs in Geosciences, University Marrett, Department of Geological tocene Beaumont strata. Topics to be planned. We encourage poster contri- of Texas, Dallas, (214) 883-2401, Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, discussed include allostratigraphic and butions because they permit extended fax 214-883-2537, E-mail: knielsen@ TX 78712, (512) 471-4885, fax 512- chronostratigraphic frameworks, facies, discussion. Please indicate your prefer- utdallas.edu. 471-9425, E-mail: marrett@maestro. paleosols, and the roles of climate ences for a poster session on the GSA 11. Principles and Practice of geo.utexas.edu. change vs. glacio-eustasy in develop- abstract form. Hydrogeology. John M. Sharp, Jr., 15. Unsaturated Zone Hydrology. ment of alluvial successions. Department of Geological Sciences, Bridget Scanlon, Texas Bureau of WORKSHOPS Trip 3. Cretaceous Cyclic Platform University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, Economic Geology, University Station Carbonates of Central Texas. (512) 471-3317, fax 512-471-9425, Box X, University of Texas, Austin, TX Steve Laubach will hold a premeet- Sunday, March 10. Brenda Kirkland- E-mail: [email protected]; 78712, (512) 471-1534, fax 512- ing, one-day workshop on “New Meth- George and Jay L. Banner, Department Alan R. Dutton, Bureau of Economic 471-0140, E-mail: [email protected]. ods to Quantify Fracture Attributes in of Geological Sciences, University Geology, Austin, (512) 471-1534, utexas.edu. Deeply Buried Clastic Rocks.” For more of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, (512) fax 512-471-0140, E-mail: duttona@ 16. Vertebrate Paleontology of information, contact Steve at the Texas 471-5129 (Kirkland), (512) 471-5016 begvbeg.utexas.edu; and Ridge Kaiser, the South-Central Region. Ernie Bureau of Economic Geology, Univer- (Banner), fax 512-471-9425, E-mail: R. W. Harden and Associates, 3409 Lundelius, Department of Geological sity Station Box X, University of Texas, [email protected]. edu; Executive Center Dr., Suite 226, Austin, Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX 78712, (512) 471-1534, [email protected]. TX 78731, (512) 345-2379, fax 512- TX 78712, (512) 471-6088, fax 512- fax 512-471-0140, E-mail: laubachs@ Cost: $30. (1 L). 338-9372. 471-9425, E-mail: [email protected]. begv.beg.utexas.edu. This one-day field excursion will 12. Restructuring Geoscience utexas.edu; and Tim Rowe, Department Tim Rowe will hold a premeeting, examine the stratigraphy and deposi- Education for the 21st Century. of Geological Sciences, University of one-day workshop on “Computer tional environments of cyclic, shallow- Bob Pinker, Johnson County Commu- Texas, Austin, TX 78712, (512) Multimedia in Paleontology.” This water platform carbonates of Albian- nity College, (913) 469-3894; and 471-1725, fax 512-471-9425, E-mail: workshop will demonstrate recently Aptian age in central Texas. Vertical Phil Kehler, Department of Geology, [email protected]. developed multimedia applications for sequences through tidal flat, lagoonal, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, 17. Quaternary Geology and Pale- both research and education in paleon- and shelf deposits that formed on the AR 72204, (501) 569-3545, fax 501- oenvironments. Tom Gustavson, tology, including The Age of Dinosaurs margin of the ancestral Gulf of Mexico 569-3271, E-mail: [email protected]. Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, CD-ROM and Thrinaxodon: Digital will be studied in riverbed, quarry, Symposium cosponsored by NAGT Mid- University Station Box X, University Atlas of the Skull CD-ROM. It will then roadcut, and front-yard exposures. Continent Section and GSA South-Central of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, (512) present a step-by-step overview of how Features of the localities to be visited Section Geoscience Education Division. 471-1534, fax 512-471-0140, E-mail: to build your own CD-ROM, including include: hardground surfaces, a rudist 13. The Ronald K. DeFord Sympo- [email protected]; and digitizing techniques, multimedia biostrome, teepee(?) structures, poros- sium on the Stratigraphy and Steve Hall, Department of Geography, authoring systems, and CD-ROM ity development in strata that comprise Structure of Trans-Pecos Texas. University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, pre-mastering. For more information, a regional aquifer, and contrasting Donald F. Reasor, Department of Geol- (512) 471-5116. contact Tim at the Department of styles of parasequence cyclicity and ogy, University of Texas at Arlington, 18. Biological Tools for Water Geological Sciences, University of Texas, dolomitization across a sequence Box 19049, Arlington, TX 76019-0049, Quality and Hydrologic Assess- Austin, TX 78712, (512) 471-1725, boundary. (817) 273-2987; Page Twiss, Depart- ment. C. Evan Hornig, J. Bruce fax 512-471-9425, E-mail: rowe@ Trip 4. Edwards Aquifer, Central ment of Geology, Kansas State Univer- Moring, and Lynne Fahlquist, Water maestro.geo.utexas.edu. Texas. Sunday, March 10. John M. sity, Manhattan, (913) 532-6724, fax Resources Division, U. S. Geological Sharp, Jr., Department of Geological 913-532-5159; and James Underwood, Survey, 8011 Cameron Road, Austin, FIELD TRIPS Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Department of Geology, Kansas State TX 78754-3898, (512) 873-3008, TX 78712, (512) 471-3317, fax 512- All trips start and end in Austin. University, Manhattan. fax 512-873-3090, E-mail: lfahlqst@ 471-9425, E-mail: [email protected]. Trip fees include all transportation servdtxast.cr.usgs.gov. utexas.edu; and Nico Hauwert, Barton during the trip, including transporta- Springs/Edwards Aquifer Underground tion to and from Austin, and a guide- Water Conservation District. book. Other included costs are noted Cost: $45 (1 L). by B—breakfast, L—lunch, D—dinner, This one-day trip will show the and ON—overnight lodging. Please discharge area (Barton Springs), contact the trip leaders for additional recharge features, and important information. hydrostratigraphic features of the Edwards aquifer in the Austin area. Premeeting Trips Special consideration will be given to Trip 1. Precambrian Geology of the effects of urbanization (including the Eastern Llano Uplift, Central sedimentation), the spring system Texas. Saturday, March 9, and Sunday, biota, estimation of recharge, and March 10. Sharon Mosher (512) problems of land-use planning. 471-4135, fax 512-471-9425, E-mail: This trip will also examine several [email protected]; characteristic stratigraphic sections. Robert C. Roback, Daniel S. Barker, and Rob Reed, Department of Postmeeting Trips Geological Sciences, University of Trip 5. Late Cretaceous–Early Texas, Austin, TX 78712; Joe Reese, Tertiary Stratigraphy and Paleon- Idaho State University; and Diane tology of Northeast Mexico. Smith, Trinity University. Cost: $150 Wednesday, March 13 to Saturday, (2 ON, 2 B, 2 L, 2D). The trip will leave March 16. Francisco Vega Vera, Austin on Friday evening (March 8) at Universidad Nacional Autónoma 5:00 p.m. and will return late afternoon de México, E-mail: vegver@servidor. Sunday (March 10). dgsca.unam. mx; Katherine Giles, This two-day trip to the Middle New Mexico State University, kgiles@ Proterozoic Llano Uplift will highlight nmsu.edu; and Kristian Soegaard, results from recent geochronological Department of Natural Sciences and and structural research which has Math, University of Texas at Dallas, defined a polydeformed, highly trans- Richardson, TX 75083, (214) 883-2415, posed supracrustal sequence situated E-mail: [email protected]. Trip between a lesser deformed tonalitic leaves from Austin International to dioritic island-arc terrane and a Airport on March 13 (morning) and polydeformed granitic gneiss terrane returns March 16 (evening). Maximum: and from recent work on the late syn- 16. Cost: $785 (includes round-trip air- to post-tectonic granites. fare from Austin, Texas to Monterrey, Trip 2. Quaternary Alluvial Nuevo Leon, Mexico), (3 ON). Proof of Deposits of the Colorado River, U.S. residency required for clearing Texas Gulf Coastal Plain. Saturday, customs in Mexico. March 9, and Sunday, March 10. Mike The La Popa and Parras basins, Blum, Department of Geology, Univer- located between Saltillo, Monclova, sity of Nebraska—Lincoln, P.O. Box and Monterrey in northeastern Mexico, 880340, Lincoln, NE 68508, (402) form a complex foreland system to the 472-7872, fax 402-472-4917, E-mail: thrust belt of the Sierra Madre Oriental. [email protected]. Maximum: 20. On this field trip to excellent exposures Cost: $110 (1 ON, 2 L). within these basins, we will examine This two-day trip will examine lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, Quaternary alluvial deposits of the Col- chronostratigraphy, and structural orado River, a major source for sedi- relations within the uppermost ment input into the Gulf of Mexico basin. The first day will focus on late South-Central continued on p. 252

GSA TODAY, December 1995 251 South-Central continued from p. 251 Oriental fold-and-thrust belt and use the attached housing form to More than a dozen eating estab- adjacent foreland. obtain the special rate of $72 per lishments should be open for lunch in Cretaceous to Eocene Difunta Group. day for a single or double room at a food court on the second floor of One day will be devoted to lithostratig- PROJECTION EQUIPMENT this hotel. Dobie Tower on the corner of 21st raphy and sequence stratigraphy of There are numerous other motels and Guadalupe streets, located a 10–15 All slides must be 2” × 2” and fit a fluviodeltaic and shallow-marine silici- in Austin at which meeting attendees minute walk from the site of the standard 35 mm carousel tray. If possi- clastic sedimentary rocks in the Parras may arrange their own accommoda- meeting. In addition, there are a ble, please bring your own loaded basin. Two days will be spent studying tions. Establishments near and north variety of restaurants along Guadalupe carousel trays. Two 35 mm slide projec- paleontology and biostratigraphy of of campus along the IH-35 corridor Street, better known as the “UT Drag.” tors and two screens will be available several K-T and Paleocene-Eocene include: Rodeway Inn—University, for each oral technical session. Over- boundary sections in the northern 2900 N. IH-35, (512) 477-6395; Days GUEST PROGRAM head projectors will not be available. Parras and La Popa basins. In the La Inn—University, 3105 N. IH-35, (512) A speaker ready room equipped with No formal guest program has been Popa basin, we will examine the 478-1631; Motel 6—Airport, 5330 projectors will be available. arranged. The 350-acre main campus of structure and stratigraphic relations N. IH-35, (512)467-9111; Ramada the University of Texas has numerous of diapir-related growth strata which Limited—Airport, 5526 N. IH-35, ACCOMMODATIONS cultural facilities including the two provide evidence for timing of both (512) 451-7001; Drury Inn—Austin Archer M. Huntington Art Galleries halokinesis and thrust tectonism, as A block of 100 rooms has been North, 6511 N. IH-35, (512) 467-9500. (located in the Art Building and the well as controls on carbonate deposi- reserved at a special rate for meeting Harry Ransom Center), the Lyndon B. tion in this otherwise siliciclastic domi- participants and their guests at the PARKING AND MEALS Johnson Presidential Library and nated foreland. The overall objective of Holiday Inn—Town Lake. This hotel, During spring break, there is open Museum, and the Texas Memorial the field trip is to present an integrated located on the shore of scenic Town parking in the student C lots east and Museum. There is no admission charge stratigraphic correlation between the Lake southeast of downtown Austin, south of the football stadium. Do NOT to any of these facilities, which are Parras and La Popa basins which in is approximately 2.5 miles south of park in faculty F or staff A lots on located a short walk from the confer- turn sets the stage for new interpreta- the site of the meeting and 4 miles Monday or Tuesday, because all places ence site. The Texas Capitol Complex, tions of tectonic setting and timing from the airport. The Sixth Street are reserved for cars with appropriate Governors’ Mansion, French Legation, of deformation in the Sierra Madre entertainment district and Town Lake stickers. Ticketing of unauthorized cars Treaty Oak, George Washington Carver Hike-and-Bike trail are nearby. Please by UT police is likely. Museum, Laguna Gloria Art Museum, O. Henry Museum, Austin Children’s Museum, Austin Nature Center, Barton Springs Pool, Zilker Botanical Gardens, and the 10-mile Town Lake Greenbelt Preregistration Form GSA South-Central Section are all a short drive from campus. The Preregistration deadline is February 9, 1996. Austin, Texas ¥ March 11Ð12, 1996 Austin Convention and Visitors Bureau and the Historic Landmark Commis- Please print clearly ¥ THIS AREA IS FOR YOUR BADGE Please inform us by February 16 of sion sponsor a two-hour walking tour any special considerations that you of downtown Austin. Guided tours are I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I or your guest require. Name as it should appear on your badge (last name first) also given at the newly renovated and I will need special considerations. expanded Texas Capitol. In the I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Please call me. Employer/University Affiliation evening, the Sixth Street entertainment district offers a wide variety of live I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I City State or Country Circle member affiliation music and restaurants. (to qualify for registration member discount*): (A) GSA Member #______I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SPECIAL EVENTS Mailing Address (use two lines if necessary) (B) NAGT (C) PS (D) PANDER SOC. (E) SEPM (F) SVP WELCOMING RECEPTION. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I A welcoming reception will be held on Sunday, March 10, from 7:00 to I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I City State ZIP Code Country (if other than USA) 9:00 p.m. at the Lila B. Etter Alumni Center, located on San Jacinto Boule- GUEST INFORMATION ¥ Please print clearly ¥ This area is for badge vard across the street from the football I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I stadium. Registration materials can be Name as it should appear on your guest’s badge City/State or Country picked up at this event. SPECIAL LECTURE. “Viewing PREREGISTRATION Required for participating in all activities. Rate Qty Amount the Earth from the Space Shuttle,” Professional Member* (circle affiliation above) ...... ( 01) $50 1 $ ______W. R. Muehlberger, University of Texas Professional Nonmember ...... ( 03) $55 1 $ ______at Austin, will present a special one- hour slide-filled lecture titled “View- Student Member* (circle affiliation above) ...... ( 05) $15 1 $ ______ing the Earth from the Space Shuttle” Student Nonmember ...... ( 07) $20 1 $ ______at 5:00 p.m., Monday, March 11. KÐ12 Professional ...... ( 42) $15 1 $ ______Muehlberger was the chief geologist Guest (per guest listed above) ...... ( 09) $10 ____ $ ______for the Apollo 17 lunar landing and has taught geology to all space shuttle Member fee applies to any Professional or Student Member of GSA or Associated Societies listed above. Discount does not apply to guest registrants. * astronauts. This lecture is open to the general public and should be of interest SPECIAL EVENTS to all science teachers and many non- Annual Banquet Texas Barbecue ...... March 11 (20) $ 20 ____ $ ______geologists. The lecture will be followed by the Texas Barbecue (tickets must be FIELD TRIPS purchased in advance) at the Lila B. 1. Precambrian Geology, Eastern Llano Uplift, Central Texas ...... March 9Ð10 (101) $150 1 $ ______Etter Alumni Center. 2. Quaternary Alluvial Deposits, Colorado River, TEXAS BARBECUE. A catered Texas Gulf Coastal Plain ...... March 9Ð10 (102) $110 1 $ ______barbecue will be held in the Lila B. 3. Cretaceous Cyclic Platform Carbonates, Central Texas ...... March 10 (103) $ 30 1 $ ______Etter Alumni Center building from 6:30 4. Edwards Aquifer, Central Texas ...... March 10 (104) $ 45 1 $ ______to 8:30 p.m. on Monday, March 11, immediately following the special lec- 5. Late CreatceousÐEarly Tertiary Stratigraphy and Paleontology, ture by W. R. Muehlberger. A cash bar NE Mexico ...... March 13Ð16 (105) $785 1 $ ______will be open; tickets for the dinner must be purchased in advance. ■ TOTAL FEES ...... $ ______

Remit in U.S. funds payable to: FOR OFFICE USE 1996 GSA South-Central Section Meeting A ______V ______M ______(All preregistrations must be prepaid. Purchase Orders not accepted.) CK#______Visit the Payment by (check one): Check American Express VISA MasterCard DR CR

Bal. A/R I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Card Number 1233Ð12440 ______GSA Bookstore Ref. A/P 2006 ______I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ⁄ I I AT ALL THE Signature Expires ______1996 ______MAIL TO: GSA SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION MEETING, Refund ck# ______SECTION MEETINGS P.O. BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301

252 GSA TODAY, December 1995 NIAGARA Final Announcement FALLS (914) 365-8440, [email protected]. NIAGARA FALLS N BOULEVARD columbia.edu; A. Dargush, NCEER, U. BUFFALO (SUNY) NORTH SUNY at Buffalo, 107 Red Jacket Quad, GRAND CAMPUS MILLERSPORT NORTHEASTERN SECTION, GSA ISLAND Buffalo, NY 14261, (716) 645-3391, 290 MAPLE E-mail: [email protected]. 31st Annual Meeting SHERIDAN 3. Economic Mineral Deposits. CANADA 190 W. Kelly, New York State Geological MAIN 90 Survey, Room 3140 CEC, Albany, NY Buffalo, New York PEACE BRIDGE 198 33 AIRPORT TO TORONTO QEW 12230, (518) 474-7559, wkelly@ March 21–23, 1996 33 90 museum.nysed.gov; R. Altamura, ★ BUS TERMINAL Dept. Geosciences, Pennsylvania State

190 University, University Park, PA 16802, BUFFALO AMTRAK 400 (814) 863-1665, E-mail: [email protected]. he Deptartment of Geology, University at Buffalo (SUNY) together 5 219 psu.edu. with the Buffalo Museum of Science and the SUNY Colleges at Buffalo and T 4. From Sandstone to Chaos: Fredonia will host the 1996 meeting of the Northeastern Section of the Geological NIAGARA Processes in Sedimentology. Society of America at the Hyatt Regency Buffalo. Meeting in conjunction with MAIN A Symposium in Honor of Gerald V. GOODELL the GSA Northeastern Section will be the Eastern Section of SEPM, Northeastern KENSINGTON EXPY. /RT. 33 VIRGINIA Middleton on his Retirement, 1996. Section of the Paleontological Society, Eastern and New England Sections of the TUPPER I-190 EXIT TO CAROLINA GENESEE R. Cheel, Dept. Geological Sciences, National Association of Geology Teachers, Sigma Gamma Epsilon, and the Associ- NIAGARA ST. PARKING Brock University, St. Catherines, ELMWOOD FRANKLIN PEARL SYCAMORE ation for Women Geoscientists. The meeting will start at 8:00 a.m. Thursday, DELAWARE RAMP HURON Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada, (905) March 21, and end at 12:00 noon, Saturday, March 23. Field trips and short HYATT BROADWAY REGENCY BUFFALO 688-5550, ext. 3512, E-mail: rcheel@ courses will be held on Wednesday, March 20, and Saturday afternoon, March 23. COURT WILLIAM EXIT TO craton.geol.brocku.ca. CHURCH

OAK

ELM 5. New 1:100,000 Bedrock Geology

able for purchase at the information/ SOUTH DIVISION Map of Vermont: Progress and REGISTRATION ( CLOSED TO TRAFFIC )

Registration is required for all who registration desk. SENECA Preliminary Maps. See Special Poster participate in any event at the meeting, LAKE ERIE BUFFALO RIVER Sessions. including technical sessions, symposia, LOCATION I-190 6. Taconic Convergence: Orogen, short courses, field trips, exhibits, and N Foreland Basin, and Cratonic The Hyatt Regency Buffalo is a 16- MICHIGAN planned social events. story French Renaissance landmark RT. 5 Interactions. C. Mitchell and with an attached contemporary glass R. Jacobi, Dept. Geology, SUNY at PREREGISTRATION DEADLINE: atrium in the heart of downtown Buf- Buffalo, 876 NSM, Buffalo, NY 14260, FEBRUARY 26, 1996 Electrical outlets or furniture for poster falo. It is located on beautiful Lake Erie (716) 645-6800, ext. 3991, E-mail: sessions must be specifically requested. Advance registration is encouraged near the head of the Niagara River; glgchuck@ ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu. In addition to the general techni- to aid the local committees in making scenic Niagara Falls is only 20 minutes 7. Geochemistry and Tectonics cal sessions dealing with all disciplines final plans for the meeting. A preregis- north of Buffalo. Toronto is two hours in the Northern Appalachians. of geology and related fields such as tration discount is available to those to the northwest. Buffalo is served by I- R. Coish, Dept. Geology, Middlebury water resources, hydrology, and envi- who register using the form provided 90 and the QEW in Canada. These College, Middlebury, VT 05753, ronmental science, the following oral in this announcement. Advance regis- connect with I-190 or Route 33 leading (802) 388-3711, ext. 5423, E-mail: symposia and theme sessions, as well tration is required for field trips and to the downtown area. The Greater [email protected]. as special poster sessions, are planned short courses. Return the completed Buffalo International Airport is only 8. Metamorphism and Tectonics for the Buffalo meeting. registration form with full payment by 10 minutes northeast of downtown in the Northern Appalachians. check or money order in U.S. currency Buffalo via ITA shuttle (which leaves Symposia R. Tracy, Dept. Geological Sciences, payable to: UB Foundation, 314 Crofts every hour on the hour) or taxi. 1. Neotectonics of the Eastern 4044 Derring Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Hall, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY Daytime average temperatures during and Central Great Lakes Region. Institute and State University, Blacks- 14260-7015. Credit cards are also March range from 30–47 °F; any J. Wallach, Atomic Energy Control burg, VA 24061, (703) 231-5980, accepted; see preregistration form. combination of rain, snow, sleet, Board, Box 1046, Ottawa, Ontario E-mail: [email protected]; For registration information, and sunshine are to be expected. K1P 5S9, Canada, (613) 995-2509. R. Wintsch, Dept. Geological Sciences, telephone (716) 645-3869. 2. Toward a New Generation of Indiana University, Bloomington, IN Register one professional or TECHNICAL PROGRAM Seismic Hazard Maps and Engi- 47405, (812) 855-4018, E-mail: wintsch@ student per form. Copy the form for The technical sessions (oral and neering Implications for North juliet.usc.indiana.edu. your records. Requests for registration poster), symposia, and theme sessions America. K. Jacob, Lamont-Doherty changes, cancellations, and refunds will begin on Thursday, March 21, and Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, Northeastern continued on p. 254 must be made in writing and received end at noon on Saturday, March 23. before February 26, 1996. Faxes will be Oral and poster sessions will be held in accepted. NO refunds will be made on the Hyatt Regency Buffalo. General cancellation notices received after the questions on equipment or format of Housing Form– preregistration deadline. A 10% service sessions should be addressed to sympo- Hyatt Regency Buffalo, Buffalo, New York charge will be deducted for cancella- sium coordinator and co–General Chair tion of registration. Robert Jacobi, Department of Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, 876 Natural Sciences Northeastern Section, Geological Society of America On-Site Registration Complex (NSM), Buffalo, NY 14260, Wednesday, March 20–Saturday, March 23, 1996 For those who cannot preregister, (716) 645-6800, ext. 2468. on-site registration will be available on Oral general technical and Arrival Date ______Departure Date ______the mezzanine level, Hyatt Regency theme sessions will include 15 min- Buffalo*: utes for presentation and 5 minutes for Arrival Time ______Car Airplane (flight #) ______Wednesday, March 20, 5:00–9:00 p.m. discussion. Two 35 mm carousel projec- Person Requesting Housing (type or print) Thursday, March 21, 7:00 a.m.–noon tors and two screens will be provided for Friday, March 22, 7:00 a.m.–noon each oral session. All slides must fit into Last Name First Saturday, March 23, 7:00 a.m.–noon standard carousel trays. (Authors are The Northeastern Section of GSA is encouraged to bring their slides already Institution or Firm only able to accept credit cards for pre- loaded into the circular trays.) Overhead registration or on-site registration by projectors will be available on request. A Address or P.O. Box Number charging a 71⁄2% service fee. speaker-ready room will be available for A limited number of Abstracts with previewing slides and to supply addi- City State/Province ZIP Programs for the meeting will be avail- tional carousel trays when necessary. Poster sessions will allow at least Phone: Day Home *For remote sensing short course partici- three hours of display time, two of them pants only, registration will be 7:00–10:30 a.m. at Sharing room with Arrive date Depart date specified when authors must be present. the Natural Sciences and Mathematics Complex, Rates per room (rates include 13% New York occupancy/state sales tax). Indicate choice SUNY at Buffalo. Two 4’ × 8’ tackboards will be provided. Type of Room Per Day Type of Room Per Day King Bed Single...... $85.00 Triple ...... $89.00 Two Double Beds Smoking Double...... $87.00 Quad...... $92.00 Nonsmoking Preference (based on availability) REGISTRATION FEES First night’s deposit or credit information must accompany reservation. Credit card deposits will be processed 14 days prior to arrival. Refund of deposit will be honored 14 days prior to arrival. Rooms may not be available for occupancy until 3:00 p.m. on Advance* On site day of arrival. Check out time is 12:00 noon. If your reservation is not received by February 20, 1996, availabilty cannot be guar- Full Meeting One day Full Meeting One day anteed. Telphone reservations accepted: Professional––Member $60 $35 $75 $45 (716) 856-1234 Toll-free (800) 233-1234 Fax: 716-856-6734 Professional—Nonmember $75 $40 $90 $50 Student––Member $20 $20 $25 $25 Type of card ______Card number ______Student––Nonmember $30 $30 $35 $35 K–12 Earth Science Teachers $30 $20 $40 $25 Exp. date ______Signature ______Guest/Spouse $15 $15 $15 $15 Send this form and remittance or credit card information to: *Deadline is February 26, 1996. Reservations Department, Hyatt Regency Buffalo, 2 Fountain Plaza, Buffalo, NY 14202

GSA TODAY, December 1995 253 Northeastern continued from p. 253 the author and have been the major SHORT COURSES FIELD TRIPS preparer of the poster. Papers must also Two short courses will be offered, Two half-day field trips are 9. Bioevents and Sequence Stratig- have been designated for this theme one full-day course on Wednesday, planned for Saturday afternoon, raphy. (Sponsored by SEPM.) C. Brett, session on abstract forms. Lawrence L. before the meeting and one on Sat- March 23. These trips begin and end Dept. Geological Sciences, University Malinconico, Dept. Geology, Lafayette urday afternoon after the technical at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Buffalo. of Rochester, 227 Hutchinson Hall, College, Easton, PA 18042, (610) sessions are over. Preregistration is Please address specific questions to the Rochester, NY 14624, (716) 275-2408, 250-5193, [email protected]; required for both of these courses. The individual field trip leaders indicated. E-mail: [email protected]. Robert M. Cassie, Dept. Earth Sciences, short courses may be canceled if enroll- March weather is unpredictable; partic- 10. Faunal Succession and Specia- SUNY College at Brockport, Brockport, ment is low. Interested participants ipants should dress warmly, and boots tion: The Role of Evolutionary NY 14420-2936, (716) 395-5716, should contact James Ellis or John will be appropriate. However, no stren- and Ecological Replacement in [email protected]. Fountain at the addresses listed below uous walking will be involved. Trips Species Turnover. (Sponsored by the for further information. Enroll early! will be canceled only in the most Northeastern Section of the Paleonto- STUDENT AWARDS AND 1. Practical Remote Sensing for inclement weather. Preregistration is logical Society.) C. Mitchell, Dept. TRAVEL ASSISTANCE Geology. James Ellis, Supervisor, required, but a few spaces may be avail- Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, 876 NSM, Awards will be given for the best Remote Sensing Services, Chevron able at the time of on-site registration. Buffalo, NY 14260, (716) 645-6800, oral paper and best poster session pre- Overseas Petroleum, P.O. Box 5046, If a field trip must be canceled because ext. 3991, E-mail: glgchuck@ubvms. sented by students. Although the fac- San Ramon, CA 94583, (510) 842-3672, of weather or insufficient enrollment, a cc.buffalo.edu. ulty mentor may appear as the junior [email protected]. Participant limit: refund will be issued after the meeting. 11. GIS, Geologic Maps and Public author, a major part of the paper or 20. Wednesday, March 20, 8:00 a.m. 1. Stratigraphy and Quaternary Policy. R. Fakundiny, NYS Geological poster session must represent work to 5:00 p.m. at Natural Science and Geology of the Niagara Falls and Survey, NYS Museum, 3136 Cultural by the single student author. NOTE: Mathematics Complex, University at Gorge. Carlton Brett, Dept. Geological Education Center, Albany, NY 12230, Papers considered for this award will Buffalo, Amherst, New York. Registrants Sciences, Hutchinson Hall, University (518) 474-5816, E-mail: rfakundi@ be only those designated as student will be contacted with location map of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, museum.nysed.gov. author on the abstract form. and details. Cost: $85 for students; (716) 275-2408, [email protected]. 12. Hydrogeologic Aspects of Site The Northeastern Section of GSA $130 for professionals; includes box edu; Parker Calkin, Dept. Geology, Characterization and Remedia- will award travel grants to students lunch and an extensive set of course SUNY at Buffalo, 876 NSM, Buffalo, tion. J. Fountain and C. Renshaw, who give papers (oral or poster) of materials (see below). NY 14260-3050, (716) 645-6800, Dept. Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, which the student is the presenter and This full day course covers (1) over- ext. 3985, E-mail: glgparkr@ubvms. 876 NSM, Buffalo, NY 14260, author or co-author, at the meeting. view of fundamentals, (2) evaluation of cc.buffalo.edu. Participant limit: 40. (716) 645-6800, ext. 3996, E-mail: In addition, the Northeastern Section satellite and airborne sensors, (3) acqui- Saturday, March 23, 12:30 to 6:00 p.m. [email protected]. will award student research grants to sition and integration of images, digital Cost: $25; includes box lunch, guide- 13. Fracture and Fault Characteri- undergraduate students in 1996. Appli- elevation models, and maps, (4) image- book, and transportation. zation: Innovative Techniques cations for travel assistance and guide- processing techniques, and (5) interpre- This field trip will provide an and Interpretation. R. Jacobi and lines for student research grants may tation of images for geology, logistics, overview of bedrock stratigraphy and J. Fountain, Dept. Geology, SUNY at be obtained from Kenneth N. Weaver, and environmental features. Case his- glacial and surficial geology of Niagara Buffalo, 876 NSM, Buffalo, NY 14260, Secretary-Treasurer, Northeastern Sec- tories will be presented from Papua County, New York. It will feature stops (716) 645-6800, ext. 2468, E-mail: tion, GSA, c/o Maryland Geological New Guinea, Yemen, Kazakhstan, along the Niagara Gorge (New York [email protected]. Survey, 2300 St. Paul St., Baltimore, Nigeria, and Colombia that demon- side), from Niagara Falls, northward 14. Great Lakes Geological and MD 21281-5210, (410) 554-5532, strate the potential and limitations of to Lewiston at the Niagara Escarpment. Environmental Issues. fax 410-554-5502. remote sensing. How to successfully Additional stops in eastern Niagara (Sponsored by the Institute for use remote sensing in relatively well County in the area of Lockport will Environmental Education.) J. Singer, K–12 TEACHER WORKSHOP mapped North America and integrate illustrate comparative aspects of Dept. Earth Sciences and Science Edu- A Saturday morning (7 a.m. to 12 remote sensing with GPS, CAD, GIS, bedrock stratigraphy and glacial fea- cation, SUNY College at Buffalo, 1300 noon, March 23, 1996) workshop for and field work will also be covered. tures related to the development of Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222, K–12 in-service and preservice teachers This course is for students and profes- Lake Tonawanda and succeeding glacial (716) 878-4724, E-mail: singerjk@ has been organized as part of the 1996 sionals with a geologic background; Lake Iroquois. The Niagara Gorge is the snybufaa.cs.snybuf.edu. GSA Northeastern Section meeting. The some knowledge of computers is help- classic section for the North American 15. Early Through Middle workshop will begin with a full break- ful but not necessary. A bound ~100- Silurian Series and is beautifully Wisconsin Glacial Records in fast, followed by breakouts for grades page text will be accompanied by an exposed in the walls of the gorge. There the Great Lakes–Eastern North K–6 and 7–12. Teachers, whether you exercise folder with ~20 color image and at other outcrops, we will focus on America Region. R. Young, Dept. just want a refresher or have little or copies and partly to fully annotated sequence stratigraphy and the relation Geological Sciences, SUNY College no geology background, this workshop overlays for interpretation purposes. of sequence boundaries and flooding at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, is for you. Come and enjoy what 2. Contaminant Hydrogeology in surfaces to patterns of sedimentation (716) 245-5296, [email protected]. promises to be an educational and Fractured Bedrock. Bernard Keuper, and biotic change. Surficial aspects of geneseo.edu; P. Calkin, Dept. Geology, fun-filled morning. Dept. Civil Engineering, Queens Uni- the trip will focus on the history of SUNY at Buffalo, 876 NSM, Buffalo, Some planned activities include versity; Kent Norakowski, National gorge cutting and ongoing processes NY 14260, (716) 645-6800 ext. 3985, the following. Water Research Institute, Burlington, at Niagara Falls itself. E-mail: [email protected]. Breakfast Discussion: A geol- Ontario; Carl Renshaw and Robert The trip will provide ample oppor- ogy-style breakfast! (If you are not Jacobi, Dept. Geology, SUNY at Buffalo. tunity for photography of the spectacu- THEME SESSIONS sure what this is, come and see.) The Contact: John Fountain, Dept. lar geologic features of Niagara Falls and The following theme sessions with breakfast provides an opportunity for Geology, 876 NSM, SUNY at Buffalo, some collecting of fossils, lithologies, conveners will be held if sufficient rele- geology teachers to become better Buffalo, NY 14260, (716) 645-6800, and mineral specimens. Waterproof vant papers are submitted. acquainted with one another and to ext. 3996, [email protected]. boots and warm clothes are a must. 1. Glacial Meltwater: Subglacial, share concerns about the state of geol- No participant limit. Saturday, March 2. Environmental Geology of the Ice Marginal, and Glacial Lakes. ogy teaching in our schools. 23, 1:00 to 6:00 p.m., Hyatt Regency. Buffalo Niagara Area. (Sponsored P. Karrow, Dept. Earth Sciences and Geology Extravaganza: Geology Cost: $35 for students, $70 for by SEPM.) Robert V. Demicco, Dept. Quaternary Sciences Institute, Univer- kits, supplies, and teaching aids will be professionals. Geological Sciences and Environmental sity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario put on display and demonstrated for Fractures can dramatically affect Studies, SUNY at Binghamton, Bing- N2L 3G1, Canada, (519) 885-1211, you. Make-and-take opportunities. the transport and remediation of con- hamton, NY 13902-6000, (607) ext. 3731, pfkarrow@sciborg. Newest & Latest: An opportunity taminated aquifers. This course will 777-2264, [email protected]. uwaterloo.ca; P. Calkin, Dept. Geology, to learn new concepts in geology (for acquaint you with basic principles binghamton.edu; Kelly C. Cloyd, NYS SUNY at Buffalo, 876 NSM, Buffalo, example, are you aware of the newest and current research on the hydrology Dept. of Environmental Conservation, NY 14260, (716) 645-6800, ext. 3985, Niagara Falls stratigraphy?). of fractured rock systems. Particular Region 8 Office, Avon, NY 14414, [email protected]. Share Plan: An opportunity to emphasis will be given to the current (716) 226-2466. Participant limit: 20. 2. Appalachian and Michigan present and share with others a lesson, understanding of transport and remedi- Saturday, March 23, 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. Basin Black Shales. J. Over, Dept. activity, or field trip that has worked or ation of contaminants in the subsur- Cost: $10 for student members of SEPM Geological Sciences, SUNY College has not worked in your class. To help face, including dense nonaqueous or GSA, $15 for other students and for at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, (716) us plan this activity, a short abstract phase liquids (DNAPLs). Current secondary school teachers, and $25 for 245-5294, [email protected]. (less than 50 words) would be appreci- understanding of the geometry of professionals; includes transportation 3. Undergraduate Research. See ated by March 1, 1996. Please send fracture systems as well as innovative and guidebook. Special Poster Sessions. your abstract to: Stephen Vernette, techniques for characterizing this This trip will focus on how the Earth Science and Science Education, geometry will also be covered. A glacial and preglacial stratigraphy of SPECIAL POSTER SESSIONS Buffalo State College, 1300 Elmwood manual with course notes will be the area controls the shallow ground- 1. New 1:100,000 Bedrock Geology Ave., Buffalo, NY 14222. provided. The course is intended for water flow systems. Anthropomorphic Map of Vermont: Progress and The workshop will end by noon on professionals—geologists, hydrologists, effects on the ground-water flow sys- Preliminary Maps. (Symposium.) Saturday, allowing participants to regis- engineering geologists, and environ- tems will be examined. Sites to be vis- N. Ratcliffe, U.S. Geological Survey, ter for the afternoon field trips. For fur- mental scientists—as well as students ited include the Buffalo Road Industrial 926 National Center, Reston, VA 22092, ther information and/or to submit an who have a basic understanding of Area and, if time permits, the Love (703) 648-6939; Rolfe S. Stanley, Dept. abstract (see above), contact Stephen hydrogeology and some knowledge Canal site. This trip is intended primar- Geology, University of Vermont, Vernette, [email protected] of subsurface contaminant transport. ily for students and secondary school Burlington, VT 05401. buf.edu. Cost: $5; includes breakfast See program for room assignment in teachers. 2. Undergraduate Research. (Spon- and materials. Preregistration for the Hyatt. Preregistration is required. sored by the Geology Division, Council meeting is required (registration fee on Undergraduate Research.) (Theme plus workshop cost). session.) Student(s) must be listed as Northeastern continued on p. 255

254 GSA TODAY, December 1995 Northeastern continued from p. 254 America.” The president-elect of SEPM, President Moores may be heard by all. ADDITIONAL John Armentrout, Mobil Oil (Dallas, Banquet cost: Professional—$26 or $27, INFORMATION Texas) will deliver an address following Student—$15 or $16; see preregistra- EXHIBITS The preregistration form and full the business meeting. Refreshments tion form. Preregistration is required. Exhibit space will be available in payment must be received by the pre- will be served. The meeting is open to 5K Fun Run, Friday morning, the same hall (Grand Ballroom C–G) registration deadline of February 26, all SEPM members. See program for March 22, 6:30 to 7:30 a.m., Buffalo as the poster sessions at the Hyatt 1996. All forms received after this date, room assignment. waterfront. For those who need or like Regency. Refreshments will be continu- regardless of when postmarked, will be Annual GSA Northeastern Section to run or jog, this will be a chance ously available for exhibit visitors. held for on-site processing. We suggest Reception and Banquet, Thursday, to get some noncompetitive exercise Booths, which are 8’ × 10’, framed by that you copy the completed form for March 21, 6:30 to 9:00 p.m., Hyatt during the meeting. We will meet at pipe and drape and containing table your records. An accompanying guest Regency Grand Ballroom A-B. The 6:15–6:30 a.m. in the Hyatt lobby and and chairs, will be available for is defined as a non–earth scientist, social time (with cash bar) will begin at proceed by van to the Buffalo and Erie exhibitors during the entire meeting, spouse, or friend (of a professional 6:30 p.m.; dinner will be at 7:00 p.m. County Naval and Serviceman’s Park. from 8:00 a.m., Thursday, March 21, or student). Guests may attend social We will be serenaded by the music of The 5K route begins and ends near the to noon, Saturday, March 23. Reduced functions but not technical sessions. the Newton Street Irregulars, led by adjacent Vietnam Veterans monument. rates are available for book sellers and Students must show a current student geologist Richard Gilman of Fredonia. Light refreshments will be provided for educational or nonprofit groups. For ID to obtain student rates. Students not GSA President Eldridge M. Moores, participants after the run. Please indi- further information and space reserva- having a current student ID when pick- University of California, Davis, will cate interest on the preregistration tions, contact Rossman Giese, Exhibits ing up the registration kit or registering speak on “Ophiolites, SWEAT , and the form. Sweats, hat, and gloves may be Coordinator, Dept. Geology, SUNY at on-site will be charged the professional Appalachian-Cordilleran Connection.” appropriate. A no-cost event. Buffalo, 876 NSM, Buffalo, NY 14260, fee. Those who will attend only a short This talk will explore the possible corre- Association for Women (716) 645-6800, ext. 3008, E-mail: course or field trip must pay at least the lations between the east and west Geoscientist Breakfast, Friday, [email protected]. one-day registration fee. Badges must coasts called up by the general idea of March 22, 6:45 to 8:30 a.m. Cost:$12. be worn for all activities. Registration the SouthWest U.S.–East Antarctic con- Preregistration is required. See program GUEST ACTIVITIES fees do not include provisions for nection during the late Precambrian. for room listing. The Buffalo area offers a wide insurance of participants against The doors will be opened following the range of activities that may be of personal accidents, sickness, theft, banquet in order that the address of interest to guests, including Niagara or property damage. ■ Falls and associated attractions. For example, within the city is the internationally known Albright-Knox Art Gallery, the Naval and Servicemen’s Park, and the Buffalo Museum of Sci- Preregistration Form GSA Northeastern Section ence (see Special Events). Short drives Preregistration deadline is February 26, 1996. Buffalo, New York ¥ March 21Ð23, 1996 allow access to old Erie Canal sights, the shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario, Please print clearly. Copy for your records. or the Letchworth Gorge. Brochures, Please inform us maps, and a knowledgable volunteer by March 3 of any I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I will be available at the NE-GSA Name (last) (first name/nickname as it should appear on badge) special considerations registration desk to assist guests that you or your guest with sightseeing plans. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I require. Employer/University (affiliation as it should appear on badge) I will need special ACCOMMODATIONS considerations. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I A large block of rooms has been Employer/University mailing address for Employer/University above Please call me. reserved for meeting participants and

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GSA TODAY, December 1995 255 Core-mantle continued from p. 240 of trade-offs with velocity hetero- geneities, but it is vitally coupled to ducted slabs could delaminate and dynamic CMB processes. The CMB will form a mineralogical phase denser be depressed beneath regions of lower than the ambient lower mantle. Lighter mantle downwelling because of the iso- elements could be settling up and out static weight of the colder rock as well of the outer core as a more iron-rich as the dynamic force of the convection. inner core freezes at an inner core However, we would also expect the boundary eutectic point, increasing CMB to be depressed beneath regions the outer core percentages of lighter of compositionally denser mantle elements. All of these mechanisms dregs. A possible scenario is that the have been proposed, but it is not clear CMB topography undergoes a cyclic which of them, if any, actually occurs. transition during the cycle of mantle Chemical variations will cause P mass transport. During the initial and S seismic-velocity variations that stages of the birth of a mantle plume, are distinct from thermal effects, as the increased temperature will cause an shown for the major lower-mantle elevated CMB, but as the plume devel- constituents, perovskite and magne- ops, denser mantle aggregates will be siowüstite. Figure 8, from Wysession swept laterally to the site of the plume, et al. (1992), uses a third-order Birch- causing a depression of the CMB. In Murnaghan equation of state to show other words, the convective cycle may the amount of change in temperature, cause a temporal transition in CMB silicate/oxide ratio, and iron/magne- topography similar to that modeled by sium ratio required to change the P Gurnis (1992) for long-wavelength sur- and S velocities in D” by several per- face topography during the history of Figure 8. The percentage changes in P and S velocities for rock at the base of the mantle as a result of changes in three parameters: temperature, silicate/oxide ratio, and iron/magnesium cent. This means that seismic observa- lithospheric subduction. ratio. Calculations are done using a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (EOS) for the tions of P and S velocities varying out The electrical conductivity for low- iron and magnesium end-members of perovskite and magnesiowüstite, using the best available of tandem within D”, as was observed ermost mantle phases may vary by 11 thermoelastic parameters (from Wysession et al., 1992). The starting material is a pyrolite-type for diffracted wave profiles beneath orders of magnitude (Jeanloz, 1990). composition at 135 GPa and 3500 K. Note that the P and S velocities do not change in the the northern Pacific, may tell us when This is important because determina- same way for the different thermal and chemical changes, implying that we may eventually be thermal or chemical effects are domi- tions of core flow using temporal varia- able to use not only the P and S velocities in D” but also their relative variations to identify their nant. If current tomographic models tions in Earth’s magnetic field (e.g., dominant geophysical causes. of D”, such as the S model of Su et al. Bloxham, 1993) assume that the man- (1994) and the P model of Pulliam et tle behaves as a perfect insulator. al. (1993), are combined, they provide Because the mantle flows a million a map of the Poisson ratio in D” that times slower than the outer core, D” phase boundary, presuming one were of the mantle and provide a chemical varies from 0.295 to 0.310 (5%). Nei- structure can also have lasting effects present. A possible candidate would basis for the D” reflector (Christensen ther our seismic data nor our thermoe- on core convection in more direct be the breakdown of the silicate and Hofmann, 1994). Both of these lastic constants are quite good enough ways. CMB topography can serve to (Mg,Fe)SiO3 (perovskite) into the mechanisms are shown through ther- yet to take a map of D” Poisson ratios channel core flow, like air over moun- oxides (Mg,Fe)O (magnesiowüstite) mochemical modeling to be able to resulting from these models and con- tains, or lateral D” thermal variations and SiO2 (stishovite) (Stixrude and provide the necessary 3% seismic ve- vert them into temperature and com- can regionally vary the heat flux out of Bukowinski, 1990). Although the phase locity jump (Wysession, 1995b). It is positional variations, but it is the direc- the core, constraining core convection relations at CMB temperatures and unlikely that an inverted temperature tion in which we are moving. patterns. pressures are still poorly constrained, change, such as for descended cold Variations in CMB topography are such a phase change would provide the rock that has spread out and ponded Mineralogical Phase Changes. also a kind of lateral chemical varia- best explanation for the sharp velocity at the CMB, would have the very steep The third form of explanation for tion. The asphericity of the CMB has increase seen at the top of D” in many gradient that is observed seismically. observed seismic variations is that of been detected seismically at both very radial velocity models like Figure 5. It is If such a phase transition does pressure-driven changes in the miner- high and very low wavelengths, as well also possible that high-pressure phases occur, we can also speculate as to the alogical assemblages that are present. as through length-of-day variations. of stripped oceanic eclogitic crust, effects of composition and tempera- If there are either thermal or chemical Actual determination of CMB topogra- which would be denser, yet seismically variations across D”, this could cause phy is very difficult to measure because faster, could accumulate at the base vertical topography on a mineralogical Core-Mantle continued on p. 257

Book Reviews continued from p. 249 imaging technique may be useful to addition. Many of the black and white haps the moral may have been best the uninitiated, but one could wish for images are too dark and lack contrast. summarized in the title of a presenta- overall, Cattermole does a commend- more details and a discussion of influ- Even though a significant fraction of tion by the mission project scientist able job of summarizing what has been ence of surface properties (roughness the Magellan image data are radar dark, Steve Saunders: “Venus and Earth: learned. Because it was written so early and reflectivity) on images and altime- it is possible to reproduce the image Twins Separated at Birth.” Behavioral after publication of the initial results, try determinations, especially because data in better contrast. Several distract- scientists found out long ago the value most of the presented materials are that influence serves as a hook for ing errors also occur: Figures 3.7, 3.8, of that experiment. Now we geologists derived from the initial (Saunders and learning about an important remote- and 9.25 are printed upside down (but have our chance at a similar experiment. Pettengill, 1991; Saunders, 1992) publi- sensing technique used in terrestrial in fairness, this seems difficult even for cations devoted to summary results of environmental studies. Although there some science journals to get right), a References Cited the Magellan mission. As such, it is is a substantial list of references, number of typographical errors occur Ford, J. P., Plaut, J. J., Weitz, C. M., Farr, T. G., mostly a digested version of those refer- relevant references such as Ford et al. in some of the figure captions, at least Senske, D. A., Stofan, E. R., Michaels, G., and ence works with related bits and pieces (1993) and more recent summaries and one map is misattributed, and some Parker, T. J., 1993, Guide to Magellan image inter- and balancing arguments thrown in. data releases are not listed. A discussion symbols are mentioned in captions pretation: Pasadena, California, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publication 93–24, 148 p. However, that is not necessarily bad; of some of the subsidiary image prod- that do not appear in the figures. The after reading it, I found that my grasp ucts such as stereo radar image data text is generally well written, under- Saunders, R. S., and Pettengill, G. H., 1991, Magellan: Mission summary: Science, v. 252, of some of the issues and subtopics of and digital terrain models would be standable at the advanced undergradu- p. 247–249. secondary interest to me, which I had desirable. At the time the book was ate and graduate level. However, Saunders, R. S., 1992, Special volumes on skimmed in the original references, was written, only preliminary results were because of the particular time period Magellan at Venus: Preface: Journal of somewhat clarified and expanded. in on Magellan-derived gravity data, during which this text was written, the Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 13,063–13,689 However, this book is not “watered- but there is still room for more sum- occasional switch from present to and 15,921–16,382. down” science for popular consump- mary discussion about the global grav- future tense in referring to mission Larry S. Crumpler, tion; it rates as a reference book. One ity field, its interpretations, and partic- events ensured that the text would Brown University wishes that the results of many large- ularly some of its implications for sound out of date before it actually Providence, RI 02912 scale scientific studies could have a regional geologic characteristics. made it into print. These are minor dis- similar synthesis done in such an easily Several matters of production tractions, however, not condemna- readable format by one synthesizing detract from the book. Because much tions. Geomorphology of Desert author familiar with the science, as in this book derives from what was If the geology of Venus is a story, Environments. Edited by Athol D. Cattermole appears to be. largely an imaging mission, the dimen- then the “moral” of the story is still Abrahams and Anthony J. Parsons. In addition to the summary of the sions of the pages are relatively small being determined. The moral would Chapman & Hall, London, 1994, 674 p., recent geological story, there are also for image reproduction; the many seem to have something to do with the $146.95. nicely done summaries of the related images and maps that fill the text large-scale effects of subtle differences esert environments, encompass- atmospheric characteristics, which any- could have been better presented in a in starting conditions and environment ing about 30% of Earth's land sur- one who uses the term “greenhouse larger format book. Perhaps because of on subsequent development of two D face, are increasingly being subjected to effect” in discussions of environmental the format, the overall reproduction of otherwise similar planetary bodies urban and industrial development. science may wish to review. The brief the global altimetry and image maps is (Earth and Venus), but it is also about Many of these developed areas have summary of the geometry and overall poor, although the inclusion of several some large-scale similarities over which methods of the synthetic aperture radar color plates is a welcomed, if fuzzy, environment has little influence. Per- Book Reviews continued on p. 259

256 GSA TODAY, December 1995 Core-mantle continued from p. 256 Dziewonski, A. M., and Anderson, D. L., 1981, Preliminary reference earth model: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 25, p. 297–356. ture. The seismic observations of Forte, A. M., Woodward, R. L., and Dziewonski, Kendall and Shearer (1994) and A. M., 1994, Joint inversions of seismic and geo- Revenaugh and Jordan (1991) suggest dynamic data for models of three-dimensional that a correlation may exist between mantle heterogeneity: Journal of Geophysical regions of shallow D”, as defined by Research, v. 99, p. 21,857–21,878. the height of the discontinuous veloc- Gurnis, M., 1992, Long-term controls on eustatic ity increase, and fast seismic velocities, and epeirogenic motions by mantle convection: GSA Today, v. 2, p. 141, 144–145, 156–157. as determined from tomographic mod- els. Fast velocities mean colder temper- Jeanloz, R., 1990, The nature of the Earth’s core: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, atures, suggesting that the phase trans- v. 18, p. 357–386. formation would be endothermic. Kendall, J. M., and Shearer, P. M., 1994, Lateral Just as with the 660 km discontinuity, wave variations in D” thickness from long-period colder temperatures would depress the shear-wave data: Journal of Geophysical Research, phase boundary; however, mineral v. 99, p. 11,575–11,590. physics experiments suggest that this Kennett, B. L. N., and Engdahl, E. R., 1991, Travel transformation would occur at higher times for global earthquake location and phase pressures (greater depths) if the rock identification: Geophysical Journal International, v. 105, p. 429–465. were enriched in magnesium relative to iron, so the phase transition could also Koper, K. D., and Wysession, M. E., 1995, Using Figure 9. A map showing the number of earthquakes (EQs; mb >5.7) during a ten-year period a genetic algorithm to invert PKP travel time data be exothermic if rock were significantly (1983–1992), which occurred within a distance of 95°–135° from any given location (out of a for core-mantle boundary and inner core bound- depleted in iron relative to its sur- total of 1807). This distance range is required for examining the CMB using core-diffracted ary structure: Boulder, Colorado, Proceedings of 1995 International Union of Geophysicists and roundings. Advances in mineral Pdiff and Sdiff waves. The Missouri-to-Massachusetts (MOMA) array of portable broad-band Geodesists Meeting, v. B9. physics will eventually solve this ques- seismometers, which will consist of 18 stations linearly connecting CCM and HRV and will be tion of the possibility of a D” phase recording until March 1996, is ideally suited to record core-grazing and diffracting waves from Lay, T., and Helmberger, D. V., 1983, A lower transition and the form it would take. the seismogenic western Pacific regions. Such temporary arrays, funded through the PASSCAL mantle S-wave triplication and the velocity struc- ture of D”: Royal Astronomical Society Geophysi- program of IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology), greatly help in providing cal Journal, v. 75, p. 799–837. FUTURE DIRECTIONS new seismic data that fill in the aliasing gaps between permanent seismometers. Loper , D. E., and Lay, T. , 1995, The core-mantle The only real fact that can be boundary region: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, p. 6397–6420. gleaned from the previous section is that the questions still outnumber the Pulliam, R. J., Vasco, D. W., and Johnson, L. R., 1991, Tomographic inversions for mantle P wave answers. Several very good scenarios velocity structure based on the minimization of l2 Figure 10. have been identified, but much more and l1 norms of International Seismological Cen- work needs to be done to discern Ghassan Al-Eqabi tre travel time residuals: Journal of Geophysical (left) and Patrick among them. The future directions Research, v. 98, p. 699–734. Shore (right) Revenaugh, J., and Jordan, T. H., 1991, Mantle for seismology in mapping the CMB completing and lowermost mantle include efforts in layering from ScS reverberations, 4: The lower installation of mantle and core-mantle boundary: Journal using new phases, developing new tech- one of the MOMA of Geophysical Research, v. 96, p. 19,811–19,824. niques, and obtaining new data sets. (Missouri-to- Stixrude, L., and Bukowinski, M. S. T., 1990, Fun- An example of using new phases is Massachusetts) damental thermodynamic relations and silicate the utilization of differential Pdiff and portable-array melting with implications for the constitution PKP phases (which refract through the broad-band of D”: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, core) for looking at long-wavelength seismometers p. 19,311–19,325. P velocities in the lowermost mantle near Lake Newton, Su, W., Woodward, R. L. , and Dziewonski, A. M. , Illinois. (Wysession, 1994). By cross-correlating 1994, Degree 12 model of shear velocity hetero- geneity in the mantle: Journal of Geophysical the Pdiff phases (data and synthetic) Research, v. 99, p. 6945–6981. and PKP phases separately, we are able Valenzuela, R. W., Wysession, M. E. , and Owens, to determine the delay of Pdiff relative T. J., 1994, The velocity gradient at the base of the to PKP and isolate any anomalous mantle from broadband diffracted shear waves: behavior of Pdiff during its long path and I, together with Timothy Clarke The most important aspect of the Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), around the CMB. The CMB Fresnel (University of Illinois) and Karen Fis- future of seismology in imaging the v. 75, no. 44 suppl., p. 664. zones of the long-distance Pdiff waves cher (Brown University), installed 18 CMB and lowermost mantle is the con- Woodward, R. L., Forte, A. M., Su, W.-J., and are very large, but the superposition of broad-band seismometers in a straight tinued communication between seis- Dziewonski, A. M., 1993, Constraints on the large- scale structure of the Earth’s mantle, in Takahashi, these cover all parts of the CMB, and line, connecting stations CCM (Mis- mologists and scientists from other E., et al., eds., Evolution of the Earth and planets: an over-determined inversion can be souri) and HRV (Massachusetts). This fields. SEDI (Studies of Earth’s Deep American Geophysical Union Monograph 74, done for the long-wavelength D” P Missouri-to-Massachusetts deployment Interior) organizations exist nationally p. 89–109. velocities. Because of the geographical (MOMA), which will run for one year, within the American Geophysical Wysession, M. E., 1994, Long wavelength velocity limitations of available earthquakes is designed to investigate several Union and the National Science Foun- variations at the base of the mantle: A new tech- nique using differential core and diffracted P and seismometers, utilizing all phases aspects of deep Earth geology, includ- dation, and internationally as well. phases: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical that interact with the CMB will help fill ing core and CMB velocities, the struc- These provide many opportunities for Union), v. 75 no. 44 suppl., p. 664. seismologists to share both observa- in the many gaps that exist in our geo- ture of subducting slabs, and the veloc- Wysession, M. E., 1995a, The inner workings of graphical coverage of the lowermost ity structure of the upper mantle and tions and insights. Input from these the Earth: American Scientist, v. 83, p. 134–147. mantle. crust beneath North America. The 20 interactions gives us an understanding Wysession, M. E., 1995b, Imaging cold rock at the We also need to be constantly stations span 16° in the distance range of what the important questions are base of the mantle: The sometimes fate of slabs?: developing new techniques to increase of about 100°–130° from the world’s and where to concentrate our efforts. American Geophysical Union Monograph (in our ability to interpret existing seismic most seismically active regions in the The recent successes in understanding press). data. As an example, Koper and Wyses- western Pacific, and are therefore ideal- the CMB have come about through Wysession. M. E., and Shore, P., 1994, Visuali- sion (1995) have developed a genetic ly set to examine the CMB by means of interdisciplinary cooperation and will zation of whole mantle propagation of seismic shear energy using normal mode summation: algorithm for simultaneously determin- core-diffracted waves. In fact, as is seen continue to happen in this way. Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 142, p. 295–310. ing radial velocity structure at both the in Figure 9, the northeastern United Wysession, M. E., Okal, E. A., and Bina, C. R., CMB and inner core boundary using States is one of two geographical ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1992, The structure of the core-mantle boundary the AB, BC, and DF branches of PKP regions that are within the 95°–135° This work has been supported by from diffracted waves: Journal of Geophysical arrivals. The PKP branches are our best distance range from more large earth- Research, v. 97, p. 8749–8764. the David and Lucile Packard Founda- seismic tools for examining the P veloc- quakes than any another parts of the tion, the Keck Foundation, the Pew Wysession, M. E., Bartko, L., and Wilson, J., 1994, ity structure of the core, but difficulties world (the second is southern Africa). Mapping the lowermost mantle using core- Foundation, and the National Science arise because the DF and BCdiff A problem of the seismic data set today reflected shear waves: Journal of Geophysical Foundation. I also thank the Incorpo- Research, v. 99, p. 13,667–13,684. branches interact with both the inner is that while seismic stations are spaced rated Research Institutions for Seismol- and outer core boundaries. The genetic to cover the globe evenly (although Wysession, M. E., Bartko, L., and Wilson, J., ogy and the Cooperative Studies of 1995a, Mapping the lowermost mantle using algorithm is a powerful technique for they are limited to mostly continents Earth’s Deep Interior. core-reflected shear waves: Correction: Journal of identifying the different kinds of possi- and islands), this results in a large dis- Geophysical Research, v. 100, p. 8351. ble structures at both boundaries that tance between stations and creates an REFERENCES CITED Wysession, M. E., Valenzuela, R. W., Bartkó, L., would simultaneously satisfy all of the aliasing problem in our ability to image and Zhu, A.-N., 1995b, Investigating the base of observed PKP arrivals. These investiga- Earth’s interior structure. Regionally Bloxham, J., 1993, Mapping the magnetic field at the mantle using differential travel times: Physics the core-mantle boundary: Constraints on the of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (in press). tions use high-quality seismic array dense temporary seismic deployments geodynamo: GSA Today, v. 3, p. 221, 224–225, data to examine regional parts of the like MOMA, made possible by using 249–250. Young, C. J., and Lay, T., 1990, Multiple phase core, as well as the set of ISC PKP times, instruments borrowed from IRIS (Incor- analysis of the shear velocity structure in the D” Boehler, R., 1994, Experimental and thermody- region beneath Alaska: Journal of Geophysical to determine a global core model. porated Research Institutions for Seis- namic constraints on DT across the CMB [abs.]: Research, v. 95, p. 17,385–17,402. An important contribution from mology), help provide high-resolution Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union) v. 75 suppl., p. 654. Zhu, A.-N., and Wysession, M. E., 1995, Mapping seismologists is obtaining new data sets windows into the planet. One of the global D” structure from PcP-P differential travel that can be made available to future MOMA sites, installed in March 1995 Christensen, U. R., and Hofmann, A. W., 1994, times: Journal of Geophysical Research (in press). researchers who will answer the ques- near Lake Newton in eastern Illinois, Segregation of subducted oceanic crust in the con- vecting mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research, Manuscript received February 12, 1995; revision tions that currently puzzle us. In Jan- is shown in Figure 10. v. 99, p. 19,867–19,884. received July 24, 1995; accepted July 26, 1995 ■ uary and February 1995 my colleagues

GSA TODAY, December 1995 257 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or Maine and (2) strong working relationships with Assistant Professor of Geology for the 1996-97 aca- numbers of 3 references to: Recruitment Office, cancellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office appropriate personnel at the University of Southern demic year; the department hopes to conduct a Desert Research Institute, University & Community one month prior. Contact Advertising Department Maine and the Maine Geological Survey. In addition, national search for a tenure-track position in these College System of Nevada, P.O. Box 19040, Las (303) 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, we enourage linkages with other people/organiza- fields the following year. The ideal candidate for this Vegas, NV 89132-0040. POSITION WILL BE or E-mail:[email protected]. Please include tions and more wide-ranging interest in hydrogeo- position will be an outstanding teacher who is able to LOCATED IN EITHER LAS VEGAS OR RENO, NV. complete address, phone number, and E-mail chemical problems. Research should focus on the teach undergraduate courses in invertebrate paleon- DRI is an affirmative action/equal opportunity address with all correspondence. chemical dynamic aspects of subsurface water- tology, structural geology, stratigraphy and sedimen- employer, hiring only U.S. citizens or persons autho- rock/mineral interaction, chemical evolution of water tology (as individual courses or combined), as well rized to work in the U.S. Per line along flow paths and evolution of plumes of chemi- as an introductory course for non-majors. Applicants Per Line for each cals/pollutants, and hydrogeologic controls on should have Ph.D. in hand by September 1, 1996, QUATERNARY GEOLOGY/ for addt’l month groundwater chemistry. but outstanding ABD candidates will also be consid- PROCESS GEOMORPHOLOGY Classification 1st month (same ad) This position will initially be funded by a grant from ered. To apply, send letter of application, complete Applications are invited for a tenure-track assistant the U.S. Department of Energy (EPSCoR Program) resume, official copies of transcripts showing all col- professor. A Ph.D. with an emphasis in one of the Situations Wanted $1.75 $1.40 and the Maine Science and Technology Foundation. lege-level work, and names and addresses of at above fields is required. Preference will be given to Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 After expiration of the grant, the position will be least three persons willing to provide letters of rec- individuals having a strong research record showing Consultants $6.50 $5.50 funded by the College of Sciences, University of ommendation; at least one person serving as refer- promise for external funding, and whose research Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 Maine. The broad goal of the grant is to develop a ence should be able to comment knowledgeably on complements existing research programs in the Opportunities for Students state-wide collaborative groundwater resource group the applicant’s teaching skills in a classroom setting. department. The successful candidate will be Complete application should be sent in time to arrive first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 in cooperation with the University of Southern Maine expected to teach undergraduate and graduate and the Maine Geological Survey. This group is no later than February 1, 1996, and be addressed to: additional lines $1.35 $2.35 courses in geomorphology and in the speciality(ies), designed to provide research and educational exper- Chair of Search Committee, Department of Geology, and to develop a research program which involves Code number: $2.75 extra tise in near-surface geophysics, structural controls Colby College, 5804 Mayflower Hill Drive, Waterville, both undergraduate and graduate students. Prefer- on groundwater flow, and hydrogeochemistry. ME 04901-8858. Colby is an AA/EO employer and ence will be given to those candidates with the ability Agencies and organizations may submit purchase The Department of Geological Sciences faculty, especially encourages applications from women and to teach a comprehensive hydrology course. Appli- order or payment with copy. Individuals must send programs, and research resources are described on minorities. cants should send resume, statements ot teaching prepayment with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 the WWW (http://iceage.umeqs.maine.edu/geology/ and research philosophy and interests, transcripts, characters per line, including all punctuation and home.htm). A new building is under construction to VADOSE ZONE HYDROLOGIST and the names of three references to Nicholas H. blank spaces. Actual cost may differ if you use capi- house the Department along with the administrative DESERT RESEARCH INSITUTUE (DRI) Tibbs, Chairperson, Department of Geosciences, tals, centered copy, or special characters. offices of the Institute for Quaternary Studies. Occu- DRI seeks an outstanding research scientist in the Southeast Missouri State University, Cape pancy is expected in early Spring of 1997. field of vadose zone hydrology with an emphasis on Girardeau, MO 63701. Screening of applications will To answer coded ads, use this address: Code # ----, Interested candidates should, by the time of hir- arid region waste disposal characterization and begin January 16, 1996, and will continue until the GSA Advertising Dept., P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO ing, have the Ph.D. or equivalent in Geology or a design. The position involves proposal preparation position is filled. 80301-9140. All coded mail will be forwarded within closely related field. Inquiries about the position may and advancement is dependent on the procurement An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. 24 hours of arrival at GSA Today office. be addressed to Stephen A. Norton, Chair and Pro- of external funding. The successful candidate is Women and minorities are strongly encouraged to fessor of Geological Sciences, Department of Geo- expected to prepare reports for sponsors and apply. logical Sciences, 5711 Boardmann Hall, University of actively publish reults in peer-reviewed literature. Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5711. E-mail: nor- Requires a doctorate in soil physics, hydrology, civil ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROGEOLOGIST Positions Open [email protected]. Phone: (207) 581-2156. FAX engineering or a related field with demonstrated abili- The Department of Geology, University of Illinois at 207-581-2202. Applications should include a curricu- ties to conceive, pursue and publish independent Urbana-Champaign, invites applications for a full- HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY lum vitae, a statement of research interests and phi- research in field of water and solute transport in arid time, tenure-track position beginning in the Fall The Department of Geological Sciences at the losophy of teaching, and names, addressess, and region vadose zones. Applicant should have experi- semester of the 1996 academic year. We seek an University of Maine, Orono, Maine, will be filling a phone numbers of three referees. Review of the ence in field, laboratory, and numerical aspects of outstanding candidate in an area of physical, chemi- tenure-track position in hydrogeochemistry in the Fall position will start December 29, 1995 and continue vadose zone transport. DRI is currently involved in cal, or microbiological hydrgeology. The candidate is of 1996 at the Assistant or Associate Professor level. until the position is filled. process based research, characterization and design expected to develop a strong research program in Teaching and research responsibilities will be The University of Maine is an Affirmative Action/ of arid region waste disposal facilities, and the suc- his or her field of specialization, and to participate in approximately equal. The selected person will be Equal Opportunity Employer. cessful candidate is expected to integrate a portion all aspects of teaching and advising at the under- expected to develop and deliver on a yearly basis an of his or her research with these ongoing activities. graduate levels. We will fill this position at the Assis- introductory senior/graduate level course in hydroge- VISITING ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF The position is open to all ranks. Review of applica- tant Professor level. Salary will be commensurate ology, a course in hydrogeochemical modeling, and GEOLOGY tions begins 1/5/96 and continues until the position is with qualifications. An earned Ph.D. degree is a third course. COLBY COLLEGE, a highly selective liberal arts filled. Submit curriculum vitae, a letter describing how required. The successful candidate will be expected to institution with a tradition of excellence in the sci- qualifications meet position requirements, research The Hydrogeology Program is supported within develop (1) an externally funded research program ences, seeks a talented individual to join an active interests and funding history. Also provide selected the department by a variety of analytical and compu- with some emphasis on groundwater problems in science faculty in a one-year position as Visiting reprints and the names, addresses and telephone tational facilities. The National Center for Supercom-

GSA ANNUAL MEETINGS GSA SECTION MEETINGS — 1996

SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION, March 11–12, 1996. University of Texas, Austin, Texas. 1996 Information: Mark Cloos, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Denver, Colorado • October 28–31 TX 78712, (512) 471-4170, fax 512-471-9425, Email: [email protected]. Colorado Convention Center Abstracts Deadline: December 7; Preregistration Deadline: February 6, 1996. Marriott City Center SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, March 14–15, 1996. Ramada Plaza Hotel, Jackson, Missis- sippi. Information: Darrel Schmitz, Department of Geosciences, P.O. Box 5448, Mississippi General Chairs: State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, (601) 325-2904; or Charles Swann, Mississippi Gregory S. Holden and Kenneth E. Kolm Mineral Resources Institute, 220 Old Chemistry Bldg., University, MS 38677, (601) 232-7320, Colorado School of Mines E-mail: [email protected]. Preregistration Deadline: February 6, 1996. Technical Program Chairs: NORTHEASTERN SECTION, March 21–23, 1996. Hyatt Regency, Buffalo, New York. John D. Humphrey and John E. Warme Information: Parker E. Caulkin, Department of Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, 876 NSM, Buffalo, Colorado School of Mines NY 14260, (716) 645-6800, ext. 3985, fax 716-645-3999, or preferably by E-mail: glgparkr@ Dept. of Geology & Geological Engineering ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu. Preregistration Deadline: February 26, 1996. Golden, CO 80401 ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION, April 18–19, 1996. Rapid City Civic Center, Rapid City, (303) 273-3819, fax 303-273-3859 South Dakota. Submit completed abstracts to: Alvis L. Lisenbee, Department of Geology and E-mail: [email protected] Geological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph St., Field Trip Chairs: Rapid City, SD 57701-3995, (605) 394-2463. Abstract Deadline: January 5, 1996. Charles L. Pillmore, (303) 236-1240 and CORDILLERAN SECTION, April 22–24, 1996. Red Lion Hotel at Lloyd Center, Portland, Ren A. Thompson, (303) 236-0929 Oregon. Submit completed abstracts to: Richard Thoms, Department of Geology, Portland U.S. Geological Survey, MS 913, P.O. Box 25046 State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, (503) 725-3379. Abstract Deadline: Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 December 28, 1995. Theme Session Proposal NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION, May 2–3, 1996. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Submit Deadline is January 3, 1996. completed abstracts to: Kenneth E. Windom, Department of Geological and Atmospheric See November GSA Today for theme invitation or the Sciences, Iowa State University, 253 Science I Building, Ames, IA 50011-3210, (515) World Wide Web for invitation and proposal form. The World Wide Web address is: 294-2430, E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Deadline: January 17, 1996. http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/index.html. Theme proposal information appears under the header for the Denver Meeting. Student Travel Grants 1997 The GSA Foundation will award matching grants up to a total of $3500 each to the six GSA Salt Lake City, Utah • October 20–23 Sections. The money, when combined with equal funds from the Sections, will be used to assist GSA Student Associates traveling to the 1996 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver in October and Salt Palace Convention Center, Little America to the 1996 Section meetings. Contact your Section Secretary for application procedures. General Chair: M. Lee Allison, Utah Geological Survey Cordilleran ...... Bruce A. Blackerby ...... (209) 278-2955 Technical Program Chair: John Bartley, University of Utah Rocky Mountain ...... Kenneth E. Kolm ...... (303) 273-3932 Call for Field Trip Proposals: We are interested in proposals for single-day and North-Central ...... George R. Hallberg ...... (319) 335-4500 multi-day field trips beginning or ending in Salt Lake City, and dealing with all aspects South-Central ...... Rena M. Bonem ...... (817) 755-2361 of the geosciences. Please contact the field trip chairs listed below. Northeastern ...... Kenneth N. Weaver ...... (410) 554-5532 Paul Link Bart Kowallis Southeastern ...... Harold H. Stowell ...... (205) 348-5098 Department of Geology Department of Geology Idaho State University Brigham Young University Pocatello, ID 83209-8072 Provo, UT 84602-4646 (208) 236-3365 (801) 378-3918 fax 208-236-4414 fax 801-378-2265 GSA Thanks the 1995 Annual Meeting Sponsors E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] For the New Orleans Annual Meeting, the following exhibitors generously donated Field trip guides will be published jointly by Brigham Young University Geology Studies and funds to support the meeting. GSA is most appreciative of this support and thanks the Utah Geological Survey. Review drafts of field guides will be due March 15, 1997. these companies. EARTH’N WARE, INC. NEW ORLEANS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY For general information on any meeting call the GSA Meetings Department FISONS INSTRUMENTS UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS 1-800-472-1988 or (303) 447-2020, ext. 133 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. Dept. of Geology and Geophysics E-mail: [email protected] WORTH PUBLISHERS

258 GSA TODAY, December 1995 puting Applications and the research facilities of the Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6. Phone (604) 291-3723; Fax Illinois State Water and Geological Surveys are on (604) 291-5841; campus, and an office of the U.S. Geological Survey is nearby. The university has established and long- STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY Mt. Eden Books standing programs in groundwater hydrology within The Department of Geology, University of Florida, Civil Enginering and Agronomy Departments, as well will hire a permanent full-time “Assistant in Geo- & as the Department of Geology. chemistry” to manage the stable isotope mass spec- For equal consideration, an interested individual trometry laboratory beginning on or after Jan. 1, Bindery should send his or her curriculum vita, list of publica- 1996. Duties will include preparing geologic and tions, statement of research and teaching interests, archaeological samples (H2O, CO2, PO4, SiO4, and and the names and addresses of at least three refer- organic fractions) for stable isotopic ratio analysis Specializing in out-of- ences by December 15, 1995 to Professor Craig (18O/16O, 13C/12C, and 15N/14N); operating and main- Bethke, Search Committee Chariman, Department of taining the gaseous-source mass spectrometer (VG print and rare books in Geology, University of Illinois, 1301 West Green Isogas PRISM Series II) and associated preparation Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (Tel: 217-333-3369). lines; training and supervising graduate stduents; the GEOLOGICAL Women and minority candidates are encouraged to and participating in collaborative research with other SCIENCES. Including apply. faculty. Candidates should have a Ph.D. or equiva- University of Illinois is an equal opportunity/affir- lent degree, and experience with extraction tech- USGS publications, mative action employer. niques and operation of a gaseous-source mass spectrometer. The position is non-tenure accruing, general geology, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY AT but is supported 100% by state funds. Send letter of mining, paleontology, CARBONDALE interest, resume, and the names of 3 references by The Department of Geology at Southern Illinois December 15, 1995, to Dr. David A. Hodell, Dept. of geophysics, hydrology, University at Carbondale invites applications for a Geology, 1112 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, FL tenure-track assistant professorship in environmental 32611. The University of Florida is an equal opportu- mineralogy, etc. geology/geomorphology starting August 16, 1996. nity-affirmative action employer. Applicants must hold the Ph.D. degree and must have demonstrated teaching ability and existence of, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FREE CATALOG or potential for developing, an externally funded MARINE STRATIGRAPHY/SEDIMENTATION; research program of high quality. Experience in flu- PALEOSEISMOLOGY vial geomorphology, climate change research, and The Department of Earth Sciences, University of P.O. Box 1014 the applications of GIS, image analysis, and remote Southern California, is accepting applications for a Cedar Ridge, CA 95924 sensing is preferred. faculty position in either or both of the following fields (916) 274-BOOK (2665) Applicants should submit a CV, statement of of specialization: 1) marine stratigraphy/sedimentol- teaching and research interests, and names and ogy; and 2) paleoseismology The tenure-track FAX (916) 274-2847 addresses of four referees by 1 January to Dr. appointment(s) will be at the Assistant Professor E-mail:[email protected] Michael A. Kruge, Search Committee, Department of level, beginning in September, 1996. Geology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Applications including curriculum vitae, a state- ment of teaching and research interests, and the Carbondale, IL 62901-4324; (618) 453-3351; fax: Department, SCSU, 501 Crescent Street, New (618) 453-7393; e-mail: [email protected]. names of three references should be sent directly to: Professor Charles Sammis, Chair, Dept. of Earth Haven, CT 06515. AA/EOE. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale is an Sciences, University of Southern California, equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740. The deadline for appli- cations is February 1, 1996. Opportunities for Students EARTH SCIENCES PROGRAM USC is an equal opportunity/affirmative action ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY / HYDROGEOLOGY employer. The University is proudly pluralistic and Graduate Fellowship or assistantship in geo- Simon Fraser University is expanding its Earth Sci- firmly committed to providing equal opportunity for physics/seismology at the University of Kansas. ences program. We are seeking to fill a tenure-track outstanding men and women of every race, creed, Awardee will participate in research in earthquake, position at the assistant professor level in one of the and background. exploration, or near-surface seismology. Total award two following areas: of $20,000 for one year, with flexibility about form of Environmental Geology. The ideal candidate YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY remuneration. Subsequent funding contingent on sat- would be a geologist with advanced work in geotech- Tenure-track position at assistant or associate rank. isfactory progress toward the Ph.D. Contact Don nical engineering or environmental geology. The can- Duties include: serving as Director of the Center for Seeples, Ross Black, or Geoff Abers, Department of didate will play a central role in the development of Environmental Studies, teaching environmental Geology, The University of Kansas, 120 Lindley Hall, the environmental geology teaching and research courses, research and community outreach. Avail- Lawrence, Kansas 66045, (913)864-4974; fax: 913- program. 864-5276. able Fall 1996. Ph.D. required. Nine month salary; cants with training in physics, chemistry, biology or Hydrogeology. The successful candidate will com- $32,000-$44,000. Additional summer salary is avail- computer sciences are urged to apply. The Caltech bine a field oriented approach to groundwater evalu- California Institute of Technology. Postdoctoral able. Applicants should send a resume, transcripts, faculty is currently active in geobiology, geochem- ation with use of modelling techniques. The Ph.D. is Fellowships in Earth and Planetary Sciences. The and names of three references to: Dr. Lauren istry, geology, geophysics, petrology, seismology required at the time of appointment and the success- California Institute of Technology announces two fel- Schroeder, Center for Environmental Studies, and atmospheric and planetary sciences. It is ful candidate will be eligible, preferably, for profes- lowships in Earth and Planetary Sciences: The O.K. Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH expected that each fellowship holder will be hosted sional registration (PGeo, PEng). This appointment Earl Postdoctoral Fellowship, and the Texaco Post- 44555. Review of applications will begin 12/18/95 by a Division professor (designated by the Division will commence in September 1996. doctoral Fellowship. and will continue until the position is filled. YSU is an Chairman) who will contribute to the fellowship sup- These awards are from funds endowed by Orrin The successful candidate must have a commit- Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity employer, port both financially and by providing intellectual K. Earl, Jr., and by the Texaco Philanthropic Founda- ment to both undergraduate and graduate education minorities and women and especially encouraged to guidance. tion. Each fellowship carries an annual stipend of as well as to developing a funded research program. apply. Application forms may be obtained by writing to $34,000 and offers a research expense fund of In accordance with Canadian Immigration this adver- Prof. E. M. Stolper, Chairman, Division of Geological $1,000 per year and one-way travel to Pasadena. tisement is directed to Canadian citizens and Perma- ENVIRONMENTAL and Planetary Sciences, Mail Code 170-25, Califor- The duration of each appointment will normally be for nent Residents. Simon Fraser University is commit- GEOLOGIST/OCEANOGRAPHER nia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California two years, contingent upon good progress in the first ted to the principle of equity in employment and Earth Sciences at Southern Connecticut State Uni- 91125 (email:[email protected]). year, and beginning with the 1996-97 academic year. offers equal employments opportunities to qualified versity anticipates a tenure-track Assistant/Associate Completed applications with references should Fellows are eligible to participate in Caltech’s health applicants. Professor position beginning August 1996. Responsi- arrive at Caltech by Monday, January 15, 1996. and dental program. Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, a letter bilities: Teach Marine Science, Hydrology, Engineer- Fellowship candidates will automatically be con- These fellowships have been established to sup- describing current and near-term research interests ing Geology and Marine Geology for majors; Intro- sidered for other available postdoctoral positions at port the research of scientists typically within two and copies of appropriate reprints. Please provide an ductory Oceanography for non-majors. Qualifications: Caltech in their fields of interest. years after receipt of the Ph.D. The intent of the pro- E-mail address or Fax number, and the names of at Ph.D. or be in final stages of completion of the Caltech is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity gram is to identify and support innovative and cre- least three referees by January 31, 1996 to: Dr. degree. Send letter of application, complete resume Employer. Women, minorities, veterans and disabled ative work in the earth and planetary sciences, with Michael C. Roberts, Director, Earth Sciences Pro- and 3 letters of recommendation by December 15, persons are encouraged to apply. gram, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, 1995 to: John W. Drobnyk, Chairman, Earth Science particular emphasis on interdisciplinary work. Appli-

Book Reviews continued from p. 256 vided according to various processes comings, there is little doubt that the damental principles, and engineering that function in deserts or subenviron- book provides an excellent, and per- applications. The text covers fluids, encountered environmental hazards ments within deserts. These include haps unique, reference on desert geo- particles, and their interactions in a including debris flows, flash flooding, weathering (four chapters), hillslopes morphology for those who currently systematic and rigorous manner. It is and dune encroachment, to mention (four chapters), rivers (two chapters), possess a basic understanding of geo- well organized, with symbols and units only a few. Famine and poverty associ- piedmonts (two chapters), lake basins morphic processes, or Quaternary geol- clearly defined; the text is easy to read, ated with desertification has also (two chapters), and aeolian surfaces ogy. In fact, it could be successfully and has very few typos. received considerable public attention. (three chapters). In addition, seven argued that it would make an excellent As a sedimentary geologist, primar- Therefore, it is not surprising that the chapters are devoted to the effects of text for a graduate-level course on the ily interested in interpreting the strati- study of geomorphic processes and the paleoclimate on modern landscape geomorphology of desert lands, except graphic record, I was disappointed to evolution of hyperarid, arid, and semi- morphology, or the use of geomorphic for its exorbitant price and its associ- find no applications to the study of arid terrains has exploded since the data in the reconstruction of past cli- ated strain on student finances. sedimentary rocks. Engineers, geomor- 1970s. Nonetheless, it can be easily matic conditions. Nonetheless, I strongly recommend the phologists, and hydrologists will find argued that as a separate subdiscipline, Clearly, this book covers a wide book to professionals actively involved this book to be more useful than will the geomorphology of deserts is still in range of topics, and at 674 pages the in the analysis of desert regions or, for sedimentary geologists, although the its infancy, and only a handful of texts, authors have, to varying degrees, exam- that matter, the examination of geo- latter will find it a concise presentation most geared toward the beginning stu- ined their particular subject area in morphic processes operating in any cli- of Newtonian mechanics. dent of dry-land regions, are readily considerable depth. In addition, an matic regime. The book is nicely produced, available. extensive bibliography is associated with abundant exercises and problems Jerry R. Miller Geomorphology of Desert Environ- with most discussions, allowing the throughout the text, including several Desert Research Institute ments is a collection of 26 well-written reader ready access to the original stud- examples of practical solutions to engi- Reno, Nevada 89506 review papers by 22 authors, all of ies mentioned in the text. As acknowl- neering problems. It is equally useful whom have had extensive experience edged by the editors, however, 14 of as a textbook, a review book, or a refer- in the geomorphic analysis of hyper- the 22 authors are based in North ence book. It is densely packed with Erosion and Sedimentation. arid, arid, and/or semiarid terrains. America; thus, there is a slight bias information. Pierre Y. Julien. Cambridge University Contrary to what is implied by the toward research conducted in the Press, New York, 1995, 280 p., $54.95. Raymond V. Ingersoll book's title, the emphasis is on “geo- southwestern United States. Moreover, University of California morphic processes and their effects in the papers were written primarily his book is a concise summary of Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 ■ desert areas” and not on the unique between 1988 and 1992, and as a T the Newtonian mechanics of flu- topography exhibited by desert regions result, some of the reported research is ids and sedimentary particles. The of the world. In fact, the book is subdi- dated. In spite of these minor short- emphasis is on physical properties, fun-

GSA TODAY, December 1995 259 Coal Division Offers Observations and Hypotheses; (3) Observa- tions and Effects of Large-scale Meteorite Im- Medlin Award pact; (4) The K/T Boundary: The Geological Record; (5) The K/T Boundary: The Biological The Coal Geology Division of the Geo- Record; and (6) Other Phanerozoic Extinctions. logical Society of America announces the Each section begins with a keynote paper. availability of the Antoinette Lierman SPE247, 644 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2247-0, $72.50 Medlin Scholarship in Coal Geology for the 1996–1997 academic year. The scholar- Perspectives on the Eastern ships provide full-time students who are ITEMS OF INTEREST Margin of the Cretaceous involved in research in coal geology (ori- Western Interior Basin edited by G. W. Shurr, G. A. Ludvigson, gin, occurrence, geologic characteristics, or RELATING TO and R. H. Hammond, 1994 economic implications of coal and associ- Cretaceous rocks deposited on the eastern ated rocks) with financial support for their margin of the Western Interior Seaway hold project for one year. inportant information on unique depositional settings. Yet, the geology of rocks on the Scholarship funding can be used for western margin and central areas has domi- field or laboratory expenses, sample analy- nated the literature to date. Now, these 12 ses, instrumentation, supplies, or other ex- papers summarize the stratigraphy, paleobot- penses essential to the successful comple- any, geochemistry, and tectonics of the eastern margin. They include regional perspectives tion of the research project. Approximately from the western margin and from the Gulf $1500 will be available for the 1996–1997 Coast; they integrate the lithologic, biologic, scholarship award. In addition, the recipi- chronologic, and sequence stratigraphy of the ent of the scholarship may be provided Dakota Formation; they address paleobiology with a stipend of up to $500 to present and geochemistry; and they describe tectonic features, including the Manson K-T impact site results of the research at the 1997 GSA Annual Meeting. For the academic year 1996–1997, the Coal Geology Division is also offering a field study award of $500. TO BE RELEASED1996! EARLY IN The Manson Impact Proposals for the scholarship and the Structure, Iowa: Anatomy of an Impact Crater field study award will be evaluated by a edited by C. Koeberl and R. R. Anderson, 1996 panel of coal geoscientists. Applicants may A comprehensive description of research on the 38-km- apply for the scholarship award, the field diameter Manson impact structure in north-central Iowa. This study award, or both; however, only one structure, one of about 20 confirmed impact structures in the award will be made to a successful applicant. U.S., was initially suspected as one factor in the K-T boundary drama. The possible association with the K-T boundary led to an increase in research on the Manson Interested students should submit five The Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary and other post-Cretaceous activity. The volume facilitates a structure in the 1980s. Then, in 1991–1992 the Iowa Geo- copies of the following: (1) a covering let- Interval, Raton Basin, Colorado and New more holistic view of the total seaway and fosters continuing logical Survey Bureau and the U.S. Geological Survey ter indicating which award(s) is (are) Mexico, and Its Content of Shock- studies of eastern-margin rocks. conducted a Manson core-drilling program. The results of Metamorphosed Minerals; Evidence SPE287, 268 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2287-X, $60.00 sought; (2) a concise statement of objec- many of the investigations on samples of Manson cores and tives and methods, and a statement of how Relevant to the K/T Boundary Impact- related studies are reported in this volume. The contents of Extinction Theory The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the the scholarship funds will be used to the volume range from geophysical studies of the crater San Juan and Raton Basins, New Mexico structure to detailed mineralogical, petrological, and by G. A. Izett, 1990 enhance the project. The proposal would The author presents a new perspective on the continuing and Colorado geochemical investigations of rocks from the cores, and from be no more than five (5) double-spaced discussion of the K/T boundary impact-extinction theory. edited by J. E. Fassett and J. K. Rigby, Jr., 1987 the documentation of post-impact hydrothermal events to Examining about 20 sites in the Raton basin of Colorado and What if the 10-km asteroid, postulated by Alvarez et al., was pages in length, including references; (3) a the study of possible distal impact deposits in South Dakota New Mexico and another 10 in Wyoming, Montana, and not a type-1 carbonaceous chondrite and contained more, letter of recommendation from the stu- and Nebraska. These studies also have produced a more western Canada, he uses detailed analyses of shock- less, or even no iridium? What if all, or even some of the dent’s immediate advisor which includes a accurate age of Manson at about 74 Ma, discrediting theories metamorphosed minerals to conclude that the K/T boundary iridium was liberated from within the crust by the impact? that the Manson impact was associated with the K-T statement of financial need and the in the western interior of North America was, indeed, the site What if there were no asteroid and the iridium originated on boundary events. amount and nature of other available fund- of an impact, but by an asteroid of much smaller diameter earth and was dispersed by a large number of volcanic SPE302, 484 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2302-7, $99.50. ing for the research project. than previously estimated. He also suggests that there were eruptions? These and related questions have brought a new no major high-energy depositional events associated with wave of geologists to the San Juan and Raton basins to study Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary the K/T boundary there, one of the few places where Send the material to: Peter D. Warwick, Evolution:Proceedings of the Sudbury the impact and proposes the place of the impact. This small, Chairman, A. Lierman Medlin Scholarship important volume is certain to stimulate further discussion terrestrial fossil vertebrates occur in abundance. These ten 1992 Conference on Large Meteorite papers seem to argue against mass extinction at the Committee, Branch of Coal Geology, U.S. Impacts and Planetary Evolution, August and research. SPE249, 102 p., ISBN 0-8137-2249-7, $30.00 boundary in this area. They present major contributions to Geological Survey, MS 956 National Cen- 31 to September 2, 1992 one of the great modern debates of geology and provide a ter, Reston, VA 22092, Phone: (703) 648- edited by B. O. Dressler, R. A. F. Grieve, and Global Catastrophes in Earth History: valuable collection of primary data on the K/T boundary. 6469, E-mail: [email protected]. V. L. Sharpton, 1994 An Interdisciplinary Conference on SPE209, 204 p., two pocket plates, ISBN 0-8137-2209-8, Twenty-eight papers, organized in five chapters, cover a wide Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality $9.00 range of topics of interest to the planetologist and other The proposal and letter of recommen- edited by V. L. Sharpton and P. E. Ward, 1991 dation must arrive no later than February geoscientists. Topics include impact cratering phenomena and processes, shock metamorphism, the origin of tektites, Fifty-eight papers that grew from the highly successful 15, 1996. Applicants will be notified of terrestrial and planetary impact structures, and paleonto- meeting at Snowbird, Utah, “Global Catastrophes in Earth 1-800-472-1988 the Scholarship Committee’s decision by logical extinctions. Six papers present new data on the origin History: An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impact, April 1, 1996. and evolution of the Sudbury Structure of northern Ontario. Volcanism, and Mass Mortality,” the second “Snowbird FAX 303-447-1133 Information on nine other terrestrial impact structures also is Conference.” Issues addressed relate to recognizing and The scholarship was established as a presented, including the Popigai and Puchezh-Katunki understanding catastrophic extinction events and possible GSA PUBLICATION SALES memorial to Antoinette “Toni” Medlin structures of Russia, the Vredefort structure of South Africa, causes. The approach is from many directions including the and the Beaverhead structure of Montana. The six papers in paleontological record; planetary and astronomical who, for many years dedicated her efforts constraints; the terrestrial impact and volcanic records; the P.O. BOX 9140 toward the advancement of coal geo- the first section on Planetary Constraints and Perspectives are of special interest to the planetologist dealing with the chemistry, petrology, and sedimentology of boundary layers; BOULDER, CO 80301 science and to the encouragement of origin of lunar multiring basins, impact structures on Venus, geological and environmental modeling; and historical students in coal geology. Monies for the and impact melt production on the planets. Includes an perspectives. Organized in the following six thematic 303-447-2020 scholarships are derived from the annual extensive glossary. sections: (1) Patterns of Mass Mortality: Models, Overviews, interest income from the scholarship fund. SPE293, 358 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2293-4, $97.00 and Hypotheses; (2) Catastrophic Effects of Volcanism:

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