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James Parkinson His Life and Times His1dry of Neuroscience
JAMES PARKINSON HIS LIFE AND TIMES HIS1DRY OF NEUROSCIENCE Series Editors Louise Marshall F. Clifford Rose Brain Research Institute Charing Cross & Westminster University of California Medical School Los Angeles University of London JAMES PARKINSON HIS UFE AND TIMES By A.D. Morris F. Clifford Rose Editor Birkhauser Boston Basel Berlin F. Clifford Rose University of London Charing Cross & Westminster Medical School The Reynolds Building London W6 8RP, England Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Morris, Arthur D. james Parkinson: his life and times I A_D. Morris; edited by F. Clifford Rose with a foreword by john Thackray_ p_ cm_ - (History of neuroscience) Bibliography: p_ L Parkinson,james, 1755-1824_ 2_ Neurologists- Great Britain Biography_ I. Title_ II. Series: History of neuroscience (Boston, Mass_) [DNLM: L Parkinson,james, 1755-1824_ 2_ Neurology-biography_ WZ 100 P245M] RC339_52_P376M67 1989 616_8'0092'4 - dc19 [B] DNLMIDLC 88-36582 Printed on acid-free paper © Birkhauser Boston, 1989 Soft cover reprint of the hardcoverlst edition 1989 All rights reserved_ No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright owner_ Typeset by Publishers Service, Bozeman, Montana_ ISBN-13: 978-0-8176-3401-8 me-ISBN-13 :978-1-4615-9824-4 DOl: 10_1 007/978-1-4615-9824-4 Preface Dr. A. D. Morris had a long interest in, and great familiarity with, the life and times of James Parkinson (1755-1824). He was an avid collector of material related to Parkinson, some of which he communicated to medi· cal and historical groups, and which he also incorporated into publica· tions, especially his admirable work, The Hoxton Madhouses. -
Illinois Fossils Doc 2005
State of Illinois Illinois Department of Natural Resources Illinois Fossils Illinois Department of Natural Resources he Illinois Fossils activity book from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources’ (IDNR) Division of Education is designed to supplement your curriculum in a vari- ety of ways. The information and activities contained in this publication are targeted toT grades four through eight. The Illinois Fossils resources trunk and lessons can help you T teach about fossils, too. You will find these and other supplemental items through the Web page at https://www2.illinois.gov/dnr/education/Pages/default.aspx. Contact the IDNR Division of Education at 217-524-4126 or [email protected] for more information. Collinson, Charles. 2002. Guide for beginning fossil hunters. Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois. Geoscience Education Series 15. 49 pp. Frankie, Wayne. 2004. Guide to rocks and minerals of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois. Geoscience Education Series 16. 71 pp. Killey, Myrna M. 1998. Illinois’ ice age legacy. Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois. Geoscience Education Series 14. 67 pp. Much of the material in this book is adapted from the Illinois State Geological Survey’s (ISGS) Guide for Beginning Fossil Hunters. Special thanks are given to Charles Collinson, former ISGS geologist, for the use of his fossil illustrations. Equal opportunity to participate in programs of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) and those funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies is available to all individuals regardless of race, sex, national origin, disability, age, reli-gion or other non-merit factors. -
Stuttgarter Beiträge Zur Naturkunde
S^5 ( © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) Herausgeber: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. B Nr. 278 175 pp., 4pls., 54figs. Stuttgart, 30. 12. 1999 Comparative osteology oi Mastodonsaurus giganteus (Jaeger, 1828) from the Middle Triassic (Lettenkeuper: Longobardian) of Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Thüringen) By Rainer R. Schoch, Stuttgart With 4 plates and 54 textfigures Abstract Mastodonsaurus giganteus, the most abundant and giant amphibian of the German Letten- keuper, is revised. The study is based on the excellently preserved and very rieh material which was excavated during road construction in 1977 near Kupferzeil, Northern Baden- Württemberg. It is shown that there exists only one diagnosable species of Mastodonsaurus, to which all Lettenkeuper material can be attributed. All finds from other horizons must be referred to as Mastodonsauridae gen. et sp. indet. because of their fragmentary Status. A sec- ond, definitely diagnostic genus of this family is Heptasaurus from the higher Middle and Upper Buntsandstein. Finally a diagnosis of the family Mastodonsauridae is provided. Ä detailed osteological description of Mastodonsaurus giganteus reveals numerous un- known or formerly inadequately understood features, yielding data on various hitherto poor- ly known regions of the skeleton. The sutures of the skull roof, which could be studied in de- tail, are significantly different from the schemes presented by previous authors. The endocra- nium and mandible are further points of particular interest. The palatoquadrate contributes a significant part to the formation of the endocranium by an extensive and complicated epi- pterygoid. -
James Parkinson 1755-I824
MUTISH MEDICAL 9 1973 601 BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 9 JUNE 1973 601 Medical History Br Med J: first published as 10.1136/bmj.2.5866.601 on 9 June 1973. Downloaded from James Parkinson 1755-I824 MICHAEL JEFFERSON British Medical journal, 1973, 2, 601-603 Formative Years Of his schooling there is no direct record, but from his own comments it evidently included solid grounding in Greek and Since Parkinsonism is a topic of wide medical interest it is as well as natural philosophy (that is, natural to feel curiousity about the life and character of the Latin mathematics, and biology), and some knowledge of man who was the founder of it all, James Parkinson. An physics, chemistry, with the dead languages was a vital ac- obvious source for biographical material might seem to lie in French. Familiarity the texts of many ancient medical contemporary obituaries, yet this turns out to be a false complishment, because expectation for, in fact, the leading medical jounals of the authorities still widely read and admied, from Hippocrates day-the Medico-Chirurgical Review, the London Medical and Galen onwards, were not available in English translation, though by the end of the eighteenth century the emergent pres- and Physical Yournal, and the London Medical Repository- sure new of all kinds was beginning made no reference to his death, although all had given flattering of scientific knowledge to is there real evidence of his attention a few years earlier to his Essay on the Shaking Palsy. eclipse their importance. Nor that he was apprenticed Or again as a beginning, one might search for a portrait of medical education. -
Alguns Crocodilianos São Mencionados Do Cretácico Português
Paleo-herpetofauna de Portugal 69 Crocodlllanos Alguns Crocodilianos são mencionados do Cretácico português. No entanto, boa parte deste material carece de revisão e a sua classificação dos reajustamentos consequentes Do Cenomaniano Médio de Viso é referido um Mesosuchia/ Goniopholididae, Oweniasuchus lusitanicus Sauvage, 1897. Também do Maestrichtiano desta mesma localidade foram recolhidos numerosos frag mentos ósseos, identificados como pertencendo a Crocodylus blavieri Gray (Sauvage 1897/98 in Jonet 1981). No entanto Antunes & Pais (1978) colocaram algumas dúvidas a esta última identificação, referindo que so mente com base nos fragmentos encontrados, tanto poderia tratar-se de um mesossuquiano como de um eussuquiano. Restos de uma forma que consideraram semelhante à descrita, descoberta no Cretácico Superior de Taveiro, foi por eles identificada como sendo um Mesosuchia, n.gén., n.sp. (=Crocodylus blavieri Gray). Vestígios de exemplares desta forma, não designada, foram igualmente encontrados no Cacém. Do Cenomaniano Médio desta última localidade são também mencionados por Jonet (1981), os Mesosuchia/ Goniopholididae: Goniopholis cf. crassidens Owen, 1841 (pequeno crocodilo de cerca de 2 metros, também conhecido de Wealden - Cretácico Inferior - de Inglaterra e do Cretácico Inferior de Teruel), Oweniasuchus lusitanicus Sauvage, 1897, Oweniasuchus aff.lusitanicus, Oweniasuchus pulchelus Jonet, 1981 e, com dúvidas, o Eusuchia/ Crocodylidae, Thoracosaurus Leidy, 1852 sp .. Oweniasuchus pulchelus é também referido do Cenomaniano Superior de Carenque/Sintra (Jonet 1981) e Oweniasuchus sp., do Cenomaniano Médio de Forte Junqueiro/ Lisboa (Jonet 1981). 70 E. G. Crespo Restos indeterminados de Crocodilianos foram também encontrados no Cenomaniano Médio de Belas, Alto Pendão (Vale Figueira) e de Agualva/Cacém (todas localidades dos arredores de Lisboa) e do Cretácico Superior de Aveiro e das Azenhas do Mar (Sintra). -
Aspects of the History of Parkinson's Disease
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.52.Suppl.6 on 1 June 1989. Downloaded from Journal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. Special Supplement 1989:6-10 Aspects of the history of Parkinson's disease J M S PEARCE From the Department ofNeurology and Parkinson's disease Clinic, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK ASPECTS OF THE HISTORY OF PARKINSON'S AN DISEASE Aspects ofthe history ofParkinson's disease E S SAY Before James Parkinson's classic' "An Essay on the Shaking Palsy" (1817) ancient books recorded many types of paralytic disorders and tremors. None fully ON THa described the distinctive features of the syndrome which so justly perpetuates Parkinson's name. His essay (fig 1) mentioned the earlier writings of Juncker who distinguished tremors, either "Active- SHAKING PALSY. sudden affections of the mind, terror, anger or, Passive -dependant on debilitating causes such as advanced Protected by copyright. age, palsy etc." He credited Sylvius de la Boe for showing the important difference between rest (tremor coactus) and action tremor in 1680. Parkin- BY son cites Sauvages "the tremulous parts leap, and as it wereL vibrate, even when supported: whilst every other JAMES PARKINSON, tremor, he observes, ceases, when the voluntary exer- HUSER OI THE ROYTAL COLLEGE of SUEGEOHI tionfor moving the limb stops ... but returns when we will the limb to move;" He also referred to van Swieten (1749) who had made similar observations about rest tremor. Sauvages had described the festi- LONDON: hant gait which "I think cannot be more fitly named PRINTtD BY WHIrTIGHAW AND ROWLAND. than hastening or hurrying Scelotyrbe (scelotyrbem festinantem, seufestiniam) ", as did Gaubius some ten FOR SHERWOOD, NEELY, AND JONES, years earlier (1758). -
Primitive Soft-Bodied Cephalopods from the Cambrian
ACCEPTED DRAFT Please note that this is not the final manuscript version. Links to the published manuscript, figures, and supplementary information can be found at http://individual.utoronto.ca/martinsmith/nectocaris.html doi: 10.1038/nature09068 Smith & Caron 2010, Page 1 Primitive soft-bodied cephalopods from the Cambrian Martin R. Smith 1, 2* & Jean-Bernard Caron 2, 1 1Departent of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada 2Department of Palaeobiology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen ’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada *Author for correspondence The exquisite preservation of soft-bodied animals in Burgess Shale-type deposits provides important clues into the early evolution of body plans that emerged during the Cambrian explosion 1. Until now, such deposits have remained silent regarding the early evolution of extant molluscan lineages – in particular the cephalopods. Nautiloids, traditionally considered basal within the cephalopods, are generally depicted as evolving from a creeping Cambrian ancestor whose dorsal shell afforded protection and buoyancy 2. Whilst nautiloid-like shells occur from the Late Cambrian onwards, the fossil record provides little constraint on this model, or indeed on the early evolution of cephalopods. Here, we reinterpret the problematic Middle Cambrian animal Nectocaris pteryx 3, 4 as a primitive (i.e. stem-group), non-mineralized cephalopod, based on new material from the Burgess Shale. Together with Nectocaris, the problematic Lower Cambrian taxa Petalilium 5 and (probably) Vetustovermis 6, 7 form a distinctive clade, Nectocarididae, characterized by an open axial cavity with paired gills, wide lateral fins, a single pair of long, prehensile tentacles, a pair of non-faceted eyes on short stalks, and a large, flexible anterior funnel. -
Professor Preston Cloud
Professor Preston Cloud (1912-Jl990) (Preston Cloud, a great name in Earth Science is no more, His was a versatile mind which probed into many aspects of Earth history. We pro duce below a short life history of the famous professor written specially for the Journal by Somadev Bhattacharji, Professor of Geology, New York State University, Brooklyn, New York.-Ed. With the death of Professor Preston Cloud, Emeritus Professor of Geology at the Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara~ the Earth Sciences have lost one of their most eminent spokesman. Professor Cloud was born in eastern Massachusetts in 1912. He started his undergraduate study of geology in a one-professor department at George Washing ton University at Washington, D.C. while holding a tenuous job in the Smith sonian Institution's Natural History Museum during the great depression yea'rs in the U.S.A. This early experience influenced his later career in geology. He graduated from George Washington University in 1938, and continued on to receive his Ph.D. from Yale University at New Haven, Connecticut in 1940. After a long association with the U.S. Geological Survey as a geologist and paleonto logist, he retired in 1979. He also taught at the Missouri School of Mines~ Harvard University, The University of Minnesota, and the University of California at both Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. In the last years of his active retired life, Santa Barbara was his base, but he travelled widely to see · real geology' and lectured and inspired many, beside being busy writing. -
The Origin and Evolution of Arthropods Graham E
INSIGHT REVIEW NATURE|Vol 457|12 February 2009|doi:10.1038/nature07890 The origin and evolution of arthropods Graham E. Budd1 & Maximilian J. Telford2 The past two decades have witnessed profound changes in our understanding of the evolution of arthropods. Many of these insights derive from the adoption of molecular methods by systematists and developmental biologists, prompting a radical reordering of the relationships among extant arthropod classes and their closest non-arthropod relatives, and shedding light on the developmental basis for the origins of key characteristics. A complementary source of data is the discovery of fossils from several spectacular Cambrian faunas. These fossils form well-characterized groupings, making the broad pattern of Cambrian arthropod systematics increasingly consensual. The arthropods are one of the most familiar and ubiquitous of all ani- Arthropods are monophyletic mal groups. They have far more species than any other phylum, yet Arthropods encompass a great diversity of animal taxa known from the living species are merely the surviving branches of a much greater the Cambrian to the present day. The four living groups — myriapods, diversity of extinct forms. One group of crustacean arthropods, the chelicerates, insects and crustaceans — are known collectively as the barnacles, was studied extensively by Charles Darwin. But the origins Euarthropoda. They are united by a set of distinctive features, most and the evolution of arthropods in general, embedded in what is now notably the clear segmentation of their bodies, a sclerotized cuticle and known as the Cambrian explosion, were a source of considerable con- jointed appendages. Even so, their great diversity has led to consider- cern to him, and he devoted a substantial and anxious section of On able debate over whether they had single (monophyletic) or multiple the Origin of Species1 to discussing this subject: “For instance, I cannot (polyphyletic) origins from a soft-bodied, legless ancestor. -
Steneosaurus Brevior
The mystery of Mystriosaurus: Redescribing the poorly known Early Jurassic teleosauroid thalattosuchians Mystriosaurus laurillardi and Steneosaurus brevior SVEN SACHS, MICHELA M. JOHNSON, MARK T. YOUNG, and PASCAL ABEL Sachs, S., Johnson, M.M., Young, M.T., and Abel, P. 2019. The mystery of Mystriosaurus: Redescribing the poorly known Early Jurassic teleosauroid thalattosuchians Mystriosaurus laurillardi and Steneosaurus brevior. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 (3): 565–579. The genus Mystriosaurus, established by Kaup in 1834, was one of the first thalattosuchian genera to be named. The holotype, an incomplete skull from the lower Toarcian Posidonienschiefer Formation of Altdorf (Bavaria, southern Germany), is poorly known with a convoluted taxonomic history. For the past 60 years, Mystriosaurus has been consid- ered a subjective junior synonym of Steneosaurus. However, our reassessment of the Mystriosaurus laurillardi holotype demonstrates that it is a distinct and valid taxon. Moreover, we find the holotype of “Steneosaurus” brevior, an almost complete skull from the lower Toarcian Whitby Mudstone Formation of Whitby (Yorkshire, UK), to be a subjective ju- nior synonym of M. laurillardi. Mystriosaurus is diagnosed in having: a heavily and extensively ornamented skull; large and numerous neurovascular foramina on the premaxillae, maxillae and dentaries; anteriorly oriented external nares; and four teeth per premaxilla. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal M. laurillardi to be distantly related to Steneosaurus bollensis, supporting our contention that they are different taxa. Interestingly, our analyses hint that Mystriosaurus may be more closely related to the Chinese teleosauroid (previously known as Peipehsuchus) than any European form. Key words: Thalattosuchia, Teleosauroidea, Mystriosaurus, Jurassic, Toarcian Posidonienschiefer Formation, Whitby Mudstone Formation, Germany, UK. -
A Complex Microbiota from Snowball Earth Times: Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, USA
A complex microbiota from snowball Earth times: Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, USA Frank A. Corsetti*†, Stanley M. Awramik‡, and David Pierce‡ *Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089; and ‡Department of Geological Sciences, Preston Cloud Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Communicated by John C. Crowell, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, January 29, 2003 (received for review October 7, 2002) A thin carbonate unit associated with a Sturtian-age (Ϸ750–700 did they experience severe or moderate extinction during the million years ago) glaciogenic diamictite of the Neoproterozoic glacial events? Did surviving clades undergo radiation after Kingston Peak Formation, eastern California, contains microfossil the glacial events, as might be predicted with such an environ- evidence of a once-thriving prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial mental crisis (e.g., ref. 7)? Can we observe evidence of the community (preserved in chert and carbonate). Stratiform stroma- environmental filter (3) or ‘‘bottlenecks’’ (7) that have been tolites, oncoids, and rare columnar stromatolites also occur. The hypothesized? microbial fossils, which include putative autotrophic and hetero- Here, we report the implications of diverse fossil microbiotas trophic eukaryotes, are similar to those found in chert in the from the Death Valley region, California, found immediately underlying preglacial units. They indicate that microbial life preceding and within (or possibly capping) demonstrably glacial adapted to shallow-water carbonate environments did not suffer strata deposited during one of the Neoproterozoic snowball the significant extinction postulated for this phase of low-latitude Earth episodes. Although diverse microbiotas are known from glaciation and that trophic complexity survived through snowball strata that immediately postdate snowball events (e.g., Tindir Earth times. -
Exceptionally Preserved Fossil Assemblages Through Geologic Time and Space
Gondwana Research 48 (2017) 164–188 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Gondwana Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gr GR Focus Review Exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages through geologic time and space A.D. Muscente a,⁎, James D. Schiffbauer b, Jesse Broce b, Marc Laflamme c, Kenneth O'Donnell d,ThomasH.Boage, Michael Meyer f, Andrew D. Hawkins g,JohnWarrenHuntleyb, Maria McNamara h, Lindsay A. MacKenzie i, George D. Stanley Jr. j, Nancy W. Hinman j, Michael H. Hofmann j, Shuhai Xiao g a Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA b Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA c Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada d AECOM, Germantown, MD 20876, USA e Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA f Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA g Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA h School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 TK30, Ireland i Department of Geological Sciences, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, USA j Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA article info abstract Article history: Geologic deposits containing fossils with remains of non-biomineralized tissues (i.e. Konservat-Lagerstätten) Received 23 February 2017 provide key insights into ancient organisms and ecosystems. Such deposits are not evenly distributed through Received in revised form 13 April 2017 geologic time or space, suggesting that global phenomena play a key role in exceptional fossil preservation.