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Mine Safety: a Modern Approach (Springer Series in Reliability

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Mine Safety: a Modern Approach (Springer Series in Reliability Springer Series in Reliability Engineering Series Editor Professor Hoang Pham Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 96 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8018 USA Other titles in this series The Universal Generating Function in Complex System Maintenance Handbook Reliability Analysis and Optimization D.N.P. Murthy and Khairy A.H. Kobbacy Gregory Levitin Recent Advances in Reliability and Quality Warranty Management and Product in Design Manufacture Hoang Pham D.N.P. Murthy and Wallace R. Blischke Product Reliability Maintenance Theory of Reliability D.N.P. Murthy, Marvin Rausand and Toshio Nakagawa Trond Østerås System Software Reliability Mining Equipment Reliability, Maintain- Hoang Pham ability, and Safety B.S. Dhillon Reliability and Optimal Maintenance Hongzhou Wang and Hoang Pham Advanced Reliability Models and Maintenance Policies Applied Reliability and Quality Toshio Nakagawa B.S. Dhillon Justifying the Dependability of Computer- Shock and Damage Models in Reliability based Systems Theory Pierre-Jacques Courtois Toshio Nakagawa Reliability and Risk Issues in Large Scale Risk Management Safety-critical Digital Control Systems Terje Aven and Jan Erik Vinnem Poong Hyun Seong Satisfying Safety Goals by Probabilistic Failure Rate Modeling for Reliability Risk Assessment and Risk Hiromitsu Kumamoto Maxim Finkelstein Offshore Risk Assessment (2nd Edition) The Complexity of Proceduralized Tasks Jan Erik Vinnem Jinkyun Park The Maintenance Management Framework Risks in Technological Systems Adolfo Crespo Márquez Göran Grimvall, Åke J. Holmgren, Human Reliability and Error in Trans- Per Jacobsson and Torbjörn Thedéen portation Systems Maintenance for Industrial Systems B.S. Dhillon Riccardo Manzini, Alberto Regattieri, Hoang Pham and Emilio Ferrari B.S. Dhillon Mine Safety A Modern Approach 123 B.S. Dhillon, PhD Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada ISSN 1614-7839 ISBN 978-1-84996-114-1 e-ISBN 978-1-84996-115-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84996-115-8 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2010925893 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2010 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: deblik, Berlin, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) This book is affectionately dedicated to Mr. Harry Sumner of England for his inspirational comments, faith in the author’s capability, and help in various areas. Preface The mining industry has played a pivotal role in the development of civilization. The history of mining may be traced back to ancient Egyptians who operated malachite mines. Today the world mining industry is producing over 6 billion tons of raw product annually that is worth trillions of dollars. In recent years, mine safety has become an important issue because each year thousands of miners die from mining accidents around the world. These accidents have a variety of causes including dust explosions, collapsing of mine stopes, flooding, and general mechanical errors from improperly used or malfunctioning mining equipment or systems. Although a large number of journal and conference proceedings articles on mine safety have appeared, to the best of author’s knowledge there is no book on the topic that covers recent developments in the area. This causes a great deal of diffi- culty for those who seek information on the subject because they have to consult many different and diverse sources. The main objective of this book is to consolidate the desired safety information and to provide up-to-date information on the subject. The sources of most of the material presented are given in the reference sections at the end of each chapter. This will be useful to readers if they desire to delve deeper into a specific area. The book contains a chapter on safety mathematics and basics, and two chapters on safety management and safety analysis methods and indices considered essen- tial to the understanding of the contents of subsequent chapters. The topics covered in the volume are treated in such a manner that the reader will require no previous knowledge to understand the contents. At appropriate places, the book contains examples along with their solutions, and at the end of each chapter there are numerous problems to test reader comprehension. An extensive list of references on mine safety is provided at the end of the book to give readers a view of developments on the subject over the years. The book is composed of 11 Chapters. Chapter 1 presents the historical devel- opments in mine safety, the need for improving safety in mining, mine safety facts and figures, major mine disasters, important terms and definitions, the overall vii viii Preface scope of the book, and useful information on mine safety classified under five distinct categories. Chapter 2 is devoted to safety mathematics and basics, and covers topics such as standard deviation, Boolean algebra laws and probability properties, probability distributions, Laplace transform and expected value defini- tions, statute, administrative, common, and liability laws, accident causation theo- ries, and common causes of work injuries. Chapter 3 presents various important aspects of safety management including safety management principles and safety department functions, safety manager’s and engineer’s functions, safety-related strategies for safety professionals, man- agement-related deficiencies leading to accidents, and safety checklists for man- agement. Chapter 4 is devoted to safety analysis methods and indices and covers items such as hazards and operability analysis (HAZOP), job safety analysis (JSA), interface safety analysis (ISA), failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA), and disabling injury severity rate (DISR). A number of global mine accidents are covered in Chapter 5. Some of these acci- dents are the Monongah mining disaster, the Cherry mine disaster, the Senghenydd colliery disaster, the Sunjiawan mine disaster, the Bulli colliery disaster, the Hill- crest mining disaster, and the Ulyanovskya coal mine disaster. Chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to human factors and error in mine safety and mining equipment safety, respectively. Chapter 6 covers topics such as the need for the application of human factors in the mining industry, occupational stressors, human factor-safety issues, classifications and causes of human errors resulting in fatal mine accidents, common mining equipment maintenance errors, maintenance error contributory factors, methods for performing human error analysis in the area of mine safety, and factors responsible for failing to reduce the occurrence of human error in the mining sector. Some of the topics covered in Chapter 7 are equipment fire-related mining accidents, mining equipment fire ignition sources, strategies for reducing mining equipment fires, safety in electrical design of mine elevator control systems, guidelines for improving electrical safety in mines, min- ing equipment safety analysis methods, and hazardous area signalling and ranging device (HASARD) proximity warning systems. Chapter 8 presents various important aspects of electrical accidents in mines and programmable electronic mining system safety. These include fatal electrical accidents in comparison to other fatal mine accidents and in different mining areas, job titles of victims of mining electrical accidents, measures for mitigating mine electrical shock injuries in general and in maintenance work, programmable electronic-related accidents in mines, methods for conducting programmable electronic mining system hazard and risk analysis, and lessons learned in address- ing programmable electronic mining system safety-related issues. Chapter 9 is devoted to gas-related, fire, and blasting accidents in mines and methods for determining mine atmosphere status. It covers topics such as origins and mechanisms of coal mine outbursts and their prediction and prevention, un- derground fires in hard coal mines, use of inert gases in mine fires, blasting inju- ries in surface mining and blast damage index, and methods for determining the status of mine atmosphere. Various important aspects of safety in offshore indus- Preface ix try are covered in Chapter 10. Some of the topics covered include offshore risk picture, offshore accident causes, accident reporting approach in the offshore in- dustry, and case studies of accidents in offshore industry.
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