An Overview of the Falklands War1: Politics, Strategy and Operations
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Falkland Islands Seabird Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2019/2020 (SMP27)
Falkland Islands Seabird Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2019/2020 (SMP27) Sarah Crofts & Andrew Stanworth August 2020 Funded by the Falkland Islands Government 0 Recommended citation: Crofts, S. & Stanworth, A. 2020. Falkland Islands Seabird Monitoring Programme ‐ Annual Report 2019/2020 (SMP27). Falklands Conservation, Stanley. Falklands Conservation, 41 Ross Road, Stanley, Falkland Islands Corresponding author: Sarah Crofts: [email protected] Falkland Islands Government Denise Blake (Environmental Officer): [email protected] Falklands Conservation is a company limited by guarantee in England and Wales No. 3661322 and Registered Charity No. 1073859 Registered Office: 2nd Floor, Regis House, 45 King William Street, London, EC4R 9AN Telephone: +44 (0)1767 679039, [email protected] Registered as an Overseas Company in the Falkland Islands 1 Summary The Falkland Islands support seabird populations that are of global importance; both numerically, and in terms of conservation status. Accordingly, fluctuations in local populations may substantially affect the global conservation status of these species. The Falkland Islands Seabird Monitoring Programme (FISMP) monitors Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) at 11 sites (17 colonies), Southern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes c. chrysocome) and Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) at five sites (14 colonies) and Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) at one site (one colony). King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) and Black‐browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) -
Juicio a Las Juntas Militares (Argentina)
Juicio a las juntas militares (Argentina) The 1985 trial of the Argentinean Military Junta Members is an historical trial which saw the prosecution of the leaders of the three first Argentinean juntas of 1976 – 1983. The hearings were held from 22 April to 9 December 1985. Due to the large number of victims, the Court selected 280 emblematic cases among the 709 cases presented by the Prosecution. The Prosecutor’s closing argument, with its “ ¡ nuncas mas !”, remains historical. On 9 December 1985, the verdict stated that the Military Juntas had “developed and implemented a criminal plan to fight terrorism, leaving considerable discretion to the junior officers of the armed forces to imprison those who where described as ‘subversives’ by the intelligence services; to torture them; to subject them to inhumane living conditions; and ultimately to decide freely on the final fate of their victims: being transferred to the legal system (judiciary or police), being released, or being simply executed” (unofficial translation of an extract of the judgment). Jorge Rafael Videla and Emilio Eduardo Massera (first Junta) were sentenced to life imprisonment. Roberto Eduardo Viola (second Junta) was sentenced to 17 years’ imprisonment, Armando Lambruschini (second Junta) to 8 years and Orlando Ramón Agosti (first Junta) to 4 years. Omar Graffigna (second Junta), Leopoldo Galtieri, Jorge Isaac Anaya et Basilio Lami Dozo (third Junta) were acquitted for lack of evidence. This trial is the first in South-America where former dictators were brought before judges by a democratic government. On 29 December 1990, Argentinean President Carlos Menen published Decree 2741/90 pardoning the accused sentenced during the 1985 trial. -
Supreme Court, Institutional Change And
Supreme Court, Institutional Change and Authoritarian Regimes: Argentina and Brazil (1964-1985) Andrés del Río(a) CORTE SUPREMA, CAMBIO INSTITUCIONAL Y REGÍMENES AUTORITARIOS: DOI:10.21789/25007807.1280 | ARGENTINA Y BRASIL (1964-1985) SUPREMO TRIBUNAL, MUDANÇA INSTITUCIONAL E REGIMES PP. 75-103 | AUTORITÁRIOS: ARGENTINA E BRASIL (1964-1985) ISSN 2500-7807 | Fecha de recepción: 15 de septiembre de 2017 Fecha de aprobación: 07 de diciembre de 2017 ENE.-JUN. 2018 | .4 Sugerencia de citación: ⁰ Del Rio, A. (2018). Supreme Court, Institutional Change and Authoritarian Regimes: Argentina and Brazil (1964-1985). Razón Crítica, 4, 75-103 , doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1280 RAZÓN CRÍTICA N (a) Doctor en Ciencias Politicas por el Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, IESP-UERJ. Profesor adjunto de Ciencia Política del Instituto de Educação de Angra dos Reis de la Universidad Federal Fluminense IEAR-UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-7834 [email protected] PP. 75-103 | DOI:10.21789/25007807.1280PP. 75-103 | ISSN 2500-7807 | RESUMEN ENE.-JUN. 2018 | En el siglo pasado, América Latina experimentó cambios políticos importantes. .4 ⁰ Muchos países de la región –como Argentina y Brasil– se enfrentaron a duros gobiernos autoritarios, así como a florecientes democracias. En estos dos países, los cambios constantes de los regímenes políticos también provocaron importantes cambios institucionales en el poder judicial, particularmente en la Corte Suprema de Justicia. Este estudio analiza los cambios institucionales de las Cortes Supremas RAZÓN CRÍTICA N desde una perspectiva comparada. Al observar los casos de Argentina y Brasil, se revisará la trayectoria de ambas Cortes Supremas en un escenario político violento (1964 - 1985). -
198J. M. Thornton Phd.Pdf
Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Thornton, Joanna Margaret (2015) Government Media Policy during the Falklands War. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/50411/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Government Media Policy during the Falklands War A thesis presented by Joanna Margaret Thornton to the School of History, University of Kent In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History University of Kent Canterbury, Kent January 2015 ©Joanna Thornton All rights reserved 2015 Abstract This study addresses Government media policy throughout the Falklands War of 1982. It considers the effectiveness, and charts the development of, Falklands-related public relations’ policy by departments including, but not limited to, the Ministry of Defence (MoD). -
Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
Wednesday Volume 494 24 June 2009 No. 98 HOUSE OF COMMONS OFFICIAL REPORT PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) Wednesday 24 June 2009 £5·00 © Parliamentary Copyright House of Commons 2009 This publication may be reproduced under the terms of the Parliamentary Click-Use Licence, available online through the Office of Public Sector Information website at www.opsi.gov.uk/click-use/ Enquiries to the Office of Public Sector Information, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU; Tel: 0044 (0) 208876344; e-mail: [email protected] 777 24 JUNE 2009 778 rightly made the case. I hope she will understand when I House of Commons point her to the work of the World Bank and other international financial institutions on infrastructure in Wednesday 24 June 2009 Ukraine and other countries. We will continue to watch the regional economic needs of Ukraine through our involvement with those institutions. The House met at half-past Eleven o’clock Mr. Gary Streeter (South-West Devon) (Con): Given PRAYERS the strategic significance of Ukraine as a political buffer zone between the EU and Russia, does the Minister not think that it was perhaps an error of judgment to close [MR.SPEAKER in the Chair] the DFID programme in Ukraine last year? It would be an utter tragedy if Ukraine’s democracy should fail, so BUSINESS BEFORE QUESTIONS should we not at the very least be running significant capacity-building programmes to support it? SPOLIATION ADVISORY PANEL Resolved, Mr. Thomas: We are running capacity-building programmes on democracy and good governance through That an Humble Address be presented to Her Majesty, That she will be graciously pleased to give directions that there be laid the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. -
The Logic of Operational Planning
STRATEGY The Logic OF Operational Planning This essay takes the last Argentina war experience as example and aims at applying the concept of effects to be achieved and the determination of the necessary forces for the Campaign as a useful method at the planning level which is applicable both in the military environment and others that are part of the conflict scenario. By Patricio Justo del Niño Jesús Trejo STRATEGY ntroduction During the operational origin of the campaign, as in Historically, war is simply a fight to death between two people. Today, any military planning in general, the enemy is analyzed I the use of violence, significantly in first place. Then, they are linked to the geographical extended due to the dimension and magnitude of actors, must be adapted to environment and the center of gravity while skills are more evolved and pragmatic concepts determined taking into consideration what they can do. in which conditions to achieve cohesion and systematize the use of force are Subsequently, modes of action are prepared. created since absolute victory is costly in human and material terms. In this context, there is the Moreover, the general systems that Clausewitz gave it in the military operational level which attempts to theory allows for a broader and arena and which was an adaptation articulate ideas with actions and to interdisciplinary analysis of the from the scientific paradigm of the age. combine the different components problem3. Clausewitz, who was of the military instrument for the contemporaneous with Napoleon, development of the campaign. ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATIONAL TARGET was a great observer who could World War II and conflicts that took AND THE CENTER OF GRAVITY summarize the military ideas of his place at the end of the 20th century In order to better explain and show times. -
De-Ranged Global Power and Air Mobility for the New Millennium
De-Ranged Global Power and Air Mobility for the New Millennium ROBERT A. COLELLA, Lt Col, USAF School of Advanced Airpower Studies THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIRPOWER STUDIES, MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA, FOR COMPLETION OF GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS, ACADEMIC YEAR 2000–2001. Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6615 July 2002 This School of Advanced Airpower Studies thesis is available electronically at the Air University Research Web site http://research. maxwell.af.mil under “Research Papers” then “Special Collections.” Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: dis- tribution unlimited. ii Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii ABSTRACT . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ix 1 GLOBAL POWER FOR AMERICA . 1 2 WORLD WAR II ORIGINS AND COLD WAR MATURITY . 5 3 GLOBAL POWER––POST–COLD WAR: ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE FUTURE . 21 4 CASE STUDIES IN GLOBAL POWER . 45 5 EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 75 6 CONCLUSIONS . 89 Illustrations Figure 1 Operation Black Buck Refueling Plan . 57 Table 1 Tanker Off-load Capabilities . 81 2 Case Study Tanker Usage . 81 Maps Operation Nickel Grass Routing . 47 Routing through the Mediterranean . 50 Falkland Islands War Global Distances . 54 Operation Eldorado Canyon Overview . 64 iii Abstract This is a story of long-range airpower, from Gen Henry H. “Hap” Arnold’s vi- sion of a global mission to the Global Strike Task Force and expeditionary air forces of the year 2001. -
A Scoping Study for Potential Community-Based Carbon Offsetting Schemes in the Falkland Islands
A SCOPING STUDY FOR POTENTIAL COMMUNITY-BASED CARBON OFFSETTING SCHEMES IN THE FALKLAND ISLANDS Chris Evans, Jonathan Ritson, Jim McAdam, Stefanie Carter, Andrew Stanworth and Katherine Ross Date: revised Sept 2020 Undertaken by Funded by Recommended citation: Evans, C. et al (2020). A scoping study for potential community‐based carbon offsetting schemes in the Falkland Islands. Report to Falklands Conservation, Stanley. Author affiliations: Chris Evans (UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology) Jonathan Ritson (University of Manchester), Jim McAdam (Queen’s University Belfast and Falkland Islands Trust), Stefanie Carter (South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute), Andrew Stanworth (Falklands Conservation) and Katherine Ross (Falklands Conservation). Falklands Conservation: Jubilee Villas, 41 Ross Road, Stanley, Falkland Islands Corresponding author: [email protected] www.falklandsconservation.com Charity Information: Falklands Conservation: Registered Charity No. 1073859. A company limited by guarantee in England & Wales No. 3661322 Registered Office: 2nd Floor, Regis House, 45 King William Street, London, EC4R 9AN Telephone: +44 (0) 1767 693710, [email protected] Registered as an Overseas Company in the Falkland Islands ii Contents A SCOPING STUDY FOR POTENTIAL COMMUNITY‐BASED CARBON OFFSETTING SCHEMES IN THE FALKLAND ISLANDS .................................................................................................................................. i Summary ................................................................................................................................................ -
The Sea Lion Islands: a Chronological History
The Sea Lion Islands: A Chronological History D. Bailey, Historian in Residence, 2019 Sea Lion Island is the most Southerly occupied Island in the Falklands archipelago and is the largest of the ‘Sea Lion Islands’ group. They first appear named on a map of ‘Hawkins Maidenland’ in 1689 and have been known as the Sea Lion Islands since. Not a great deal is known about Sea Lion Island’s history between its discovery and the mid- nineteenth century but it is safe to assume that the bountiful stocks of seals and sea lions were brutally exploited by the many (predominantly American) sealers visiting the Falklands to take advantage of their lack of protection. In terms of ownership, the islands are first mentioned included in a grant issued to Alexander Ross and Samuel Lafone (who lent his name to Lafonia) in 1846. In their early prospectus (1849) they mention the islands’ use for the profitable sealing industry that had been steadily wiping out the populations on the islands for the best part of a hundred years. The Sea Lion Islands are referred to as being “favourite resorts of these valuable animals” but it was later noted that “…Hitherto, these valuable rookeries have been so much poached by French and American adventurers and fished in so indiscriminate a manner, that on some of the best grounds the animals are becoming shy and scarce;…” As with many of the Falkland Islands, Sea Lion Island does have a rich maritime history often linked either to the perilous waters around Cape Horn or to the shallow reefs off the island itself. -
Index Falkland Islands Gazette, 1954
INDEX to FALKLAND ISLANDS GAZETTE, 1954. Alazia, D., Messenger. Posts & Tels. Dept. 107 Jones, Pte. I. H. - Clasp to Efficiency Medal 174 .. W., Blacksmith, P.W.D. 107 „ 2nd Lt. W. J., promotion to Lieutenant 54 Aldridge, N. termination of appointment 1 „ S. C., Yard Foreman/Water Bailiff, P.W.D. 107 Aslnnore, Dr. J. H., Medical Officer 35 Kerr, J., Air Pilot, Harbour and Aviation Dept. 137 Atkins, Miss A., confirmation of appointment 173 Assets and Liabilities 139,144 Lellman, E. F.. acting Colonial Treasurer 53, 72 Lennox-Boyd, A., Secretary of State for Colonies 120 Bain, J. L.. Plumber, P.W.D. (Development Programme) 35 Lippold, Miss H., Nursing Sister 35 Barnes, B., Coxswain, "Alert” 137 Lindenberg, Miss 0., Nurse Probationer 95 „ 11., confirmation of appointment 35 Luxton, M., Peat Officer P.W.D. 107 Bartlett, D., Camp Teacher, Education Dept. l Legislative Council Minutes 45.78,152 Barton, A. G., Leave of absence from Ex. Co. 108 Biggs, B. W., Police Constable and Handyman, Leave - South Georgia 5 Biggs, T. M. 127 ,, G. N.. W/T Operator, Posts & Tels. Dept. 1 Booth, S. A. 95 Blake, W. W., Justice of Peace 72 Bound, J. 95 Bound, H. L., acting Assistant Treasurer 95 Bowles, G. W. J. 53 J., award of Efficiency Decoration and Clasp 2 Calvert, R. 53,138 Briscoe, .J. E., acting Colonial Secretary 53, 72 Campbell, R. 71 Brown, G., Senior Wireless Operator Mechanic, Carey. T. A. 127 South Georgia 137 Cawkell, E. M. 5. 138 N. R., 1st Officer. "John Biscoe" 173 Clifford, Sir Miles 51,95 Cowling, J. -
Lessons in Undersea and Surface Warfare from the Falkland Islands Conflict
Beyond the General Belgrano and Sheffield: Lessons in Undersea and Surface Warfare from the Falkland Islands Conflict MIDN 4/C Swartz Naval Science 2—Research Paper Instructor: CDR McComas 8 April 1998 1 Beyond the General Belgrano and Sheffield: Lessons in Undersea and Surface Warfare from the Falkland Islands Conflict 425 miles off the coast of Argentina lie the Falkland Islands, a string of sparsely inhabited shores home to about 1500 people and far more sheep. The Falklands (or the Malvinas, as the Argentineans call them) had been in dispute long before Charles Darwin incubated his theory of evolution while observing its flora and fauna. Spain, France, Britain, and Argentina each laid claim to the islands at some point; ever since 1833, the Falklands have been a British colony, although ever since 1833, the Argentineans have protested the British “occupation.” In April of 1982, an Argentine military dictatorship made these protests substantial with a full-scale invasion of the islands. The British retaliated, eventually winning back the islands by July. Militarily, this entirely unexpected war was heralded as the first “modern” war—a post- World War II clash of forces over a territorial dispute. “Here at last was a kind of war [military planners] recognized”; unlike Vietnam, this was “a clean, traditional war, with a proper battlefield, recognizable opponents in recognizable uniforms and positions, and no messy, scattered civil populations or guerrilla groups to complicate the situation.”1 Here, the “smart” weapons developed over 40 years of Cold War could finally be brought to bear against real targets. Likewise, the conflict provided one of the first opportunities to use nuclear submarines in real combat. -
HMS Endurance Line Book Season 1974-74
We arrived in the South Shetlands early on the Monday morning, and after the flight prepared the first helicopter to make a reconnaissance Flight a snow storm delayed the start of a busy day. Owing to the unpredict- able weather it was decided to anchor in Harmony Cove, close to the proposed site of the Survey Camp Party. The Camp Party's task was to survey Harmony Cove, and, assisted by the ship, to survey Nelson Strait, the only suitable passage between the South Shetland Islands for large vessels. After the very busy day of landing the camp and erecting the necessary markers, with the surveyors and their assistants established ashore in their gaily coloured tents, we sailed from Harmony Cove across the Bransfield Strait, and south into the Weddell Sea. The Weddell Sea was far from kind to us and as we passed from the Bransfield Straits into Antarctic Sound, with ice-bergs all around us the upper deck was becoming quite picturesque with the addition of many icicles formed by frozen sea spray. It was in the Weddell Sea that Shackleton's ship ENDURANCE became beset by pack ice, eventually causing her to be crushed and sink. It was across this sea that Shackleton and his companions made their epic sledge and boat journey back to civilisation, enduring 5 months under atrocious conditions, without losing a single man. We entered the Weddell Sea to investigate sea and weather conditions, and then returned through the Antarctic Sound this time to head southwards down the west coast of the Graham Land peninsular.