all corners. These disks were then copied success­ on the cataloging department “Easter egg tree” fully. (Figure 3). This procedure kept the disks from The dripping wet disks were peeled out of their touching each other, and also kept the disk surfaces plastic sleeves (see Figure 2). The plastic sleeves of from coming into contact with any other material some were relatively easy to pop open. Others were or contaminants. more difficult, and a paper cutter was used, first A new dry disk was then cut open by trimming making sure to tap the sleeve to position the disk off about 1/16 inch of the write-protect edge with a away from the edge being cut. paper cutter. The disk was removed from the plas­ Each disk was then wiped dry with a rag! The tic cover and set aside for later replacement. One janitor closet yielded a box of clean, soft, lint-free by one the bare disks were slipped into this dry rags (from old thermal underwear). The waffle­ cover, run, and copied. All disks copied success­ weave cloth shown in Figure 2 dried well and did fully, and everything—including the entire micro­ not leave lint on the disks. software serial—was salvaged. ■ ■ The disks were then hung for further air drying

Library consultant in Indonesia

By Tanja Lorkovic Head of Cataloging University of Iowa

The state of librarianship in one developing country.

T his article was inspired by the consulting re­ The project’s objectives were to upgrade aca­ port, “The Team Approach to Library Consulting demic programs, curriculum, teaching manage­ in a Developing Country,” by Carolyn A. Snyder, ment, library service, and physical facilities of Larry W. Griffin, Andrea Singer, and Roger Beck­ USU. Among the four long-term and 21 short-term man of the Indiana University Libraries (C & RL consultancies in diverse academic and professional News, December 1985, pp. 629–32). It prompted fields was a request for a library specialist. I ap­ me to recount my own experiences as a University plied and in September 1984 I was appointed by of Iowa librarian during a year of consulting inter­ MUCIA to the position of library specialist for the nationally at the University of North Sumatra, Me­ University of North Sumatra Project. In April 1985 dan, Indonesia. the Project Implementation Unit at USU accepted In July 1984 the Office of International Educa­ my appointment. During the negotiation between tion and Services of the University of Iowa an­ that Unit and MUCIA, the initial 15 man-months nounced that the Midwest Universities Consortium for the library specialist was shortened to 12 man- for International Activities (MUCIA) had been months with the provision that the remaining three awarded a contract funded by the Asian Develop­ months would be allocated for a specialized library ment Bank (ADB Loan No. 525-INO) for the Uni­ consultation that might be needed later. The orien­ versity foNorth Sumatra/Universitas Sumatera tation process started at the University of Iowa Utara (USU) Development Project. where I was given a Bahasa Indonesia textbook,

636 / C & RL News The author places the cornerstone in the foundation for the new Central Library building at the University of North Sumatra, Medan. materials on Indonesian history, culture, socio­ c. Preparing lists of books and journals required, economic and political development, and some in­ and establishing a system for regular requisitioning formation about the University of North Sumatra. and ordering; establishing suitable links with pub­ I arrived on site at Medan on September 7, 1985. lishers as well as local and foreign libraries, with a Following my arrival, I established a working view to assisting library development. relationship with my counterparts Dra. Ramla d. Establishing suitable classification, filing, Sari and Dr. Rustam Effendi. The counterparts are and cataloging systems; establishing the best com­ an important part of the consultancy. Their role is puterized coding for these systems. that of a vital link with the university—they pro­ e. Establishing a suitable system to facilitate in­ vide the necessary library information in the Indo­ formation retrieval, including copying facilities for nesian context. They bridge the cultural differ­ staff and students. ences that are invariably present when one works f. Planning the recruitment and training of USU in a developing country. Ultimately, the counter­ library staff; meeting all library staff and checking parts are the ones who will carry on the project qualifications; assessing educational needs. when the consultant returns to the United States. g. Organizing a library committee and meeting Only as a team can the consultant and his counter­ with it regularly. parts be able to bring about a change in the library services at the University of North Sumatra. Review of library facilities The terms of reference for my consultancy pre­ pared by university administrators and the Project The review took place at both local and national Implementation Unit officers were as follows: levels. I found out that at USU there were two sepa­ 1. Review existing library facilities, collections, rate library systems: and services available at USU; review the library The Central Library (Perpustakaan Pusat), situation in Sumatra and elsewhere in Indonesia whose librarian reports directly to the rector. The with an emphasis on cooperative endeavors. Library’s holdings are approximately 10,000 titles 2. Prepare and assist in the implementation of and over 25,000 volumes of monographic publica­ plans to improve the existing library system with tions and 43 serial titles, none of which represent a special reference to: complete run or subscription. The Central Library a. Determining the extent of centralization and is staffed with 18 employees, three of whom are decentralization of library facilities. professional librarians. b. Planning the space requirements, layout, stor­ Departmental Libraries (Perpustakaan Fa­ age, study rooms, and other requirements for the kultas), consisting of nine departmental libraries new central library building. that are units of faculties, which report directly to

November 1986 / 637 their respective deans. These units are independent b. According to the Abstract Master Plan of the of each other and there is no organizational link be­ Development for the North Sumatra University of tween the central and nine departmental libraries 1980-1990 and its projection of physical develop­ either through supervision or coordination. The to­ ment, the size of the Central Library will expand tal staff of departmental libraries is approximately from 1,61.0 square meters (1980) to 6,090 square 40 employees with collective holdings of close to meters (1990) while the size of all departmental (fa­ 24,000 monographic titles in 95,000 volumes, and cultas) libraries will remain unchanged. 450 serial titles. c. The new Central Library building will be cen­ In order to understand the general Medan li­ trally located on campus and therefore easily acces­ brary situation, I visited the Medan Public Library sible to all patrons. and the Regional Library of North Sumatra. Both d. The university administrators favor the cen­ visits were useful, because they gave me a broad tralization of library services—with the possible picture of the system of provincial and public li­ exclusion of the Law Library and the Medical braries in Indonesia. I also had several delightful Library—over the continuation of the current de­ talks with Mr. Halim Lukman, the owner of a local centralized system. bookstore, Toko Buku Deli. He provided much in­ e. Resources acquired with the Asian Develop­ formation pertaining to the logistics of book acqui­ ment Bank loan funds are deposited and will con­ sition in Indonesia. tinue to be deposited in the Central Library. Thus, From October 26 to November 2, my counter­ the book collection of the Central Library will be part Rustam Effendi and I visited the libraries of significantly enlarged. educational colleges and universities in Padang (West Sumatra) and in Jakarta and Bogor (Java). The new central In Jakarta, Aside from Universitas Indonesia and library building IKIP Jakarta, we also visited the Indonesian Insti­ According to the terms of the contract, my con­ tute of Science (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indo­ sulting responsibilities were defined as those of a li­ nesia) and its National Scientific Documentation brary consultant/book collection specialist. An­ Center, the National Library of Indonesia, and the other consulting position as a library building Center for Library Development, Task and Func­ specialist was to be filled later. In November 1985 I tions (Pusat Pembinaan Perpustakaan Nasional). was asked, however, to give comments on the blue­ We also held a valuable conference with Prof. print for the new building. I agreed only after it Frank Hogg, consultant of the World Bank Project was understood by all parties involved that I am for the development of schools of library science in not a library building specialist and therefore my Indonesia. He recommended USU as a regional comments, given from the point of view of a prac­ center for library education in Western Indonesia. ticing librarian, would be general in nature and The last meeting of our study tour was held in the would rely heavily on the library literature. home of Roger Beckman and Andrea Singer, li­ The plan for the new central library building brary consultants from the Indiana University Li­ was approved by the Asian Development Bank in braries for the MUCIA/World Bank Project IX. Manila on January 24, 1986. On May 21, 1986, the We exchanged ideas and compared our efforts for cornerstone ceremony took place at USU and the the development of centralized library services at construction of the new central library is now un­ two different universities. derwav. Two important points resulting from this study tour should be stressed: •Library services at the institutions we have vis­ Establishment of a ited are better developed than those at USU. This “Model Operation” means that there is a “national model” available For a library consultant who comes from the that USU could follow in order to improve its li­ United States, the most trying situation is to be brary services. The “western model” should com­ faced with the developing country’s library situa­ plement only what the Indonesian libraries have tion. One’s impulse is to reject what exists, try to not yet achieved themselves. change things according to what is practiced in • USU is isolated from the mainstream of library American libraries, and then despair for not activities because of its geographical location. The achieving the desired results. From the very begin­ University administration should encourage and fi­ ning I tried to avoid such an attitude. I turned my nancially help its professional librarians to become initial negative impressions into a learning experi­ active members of the Indonesian Library Associa­ ence. I examined the library’s work in minute de­ tion in order to overcome its parochialism. tail and I soon discovered that consulting alone Centralization at USU would not be enough. I had to be physically present at all stages of processing and work side by side The evidence established during the review pro­ with the staff in spite of the language barrier. I cess supported the centralized library system: tried to forget how it is done at the University of a The campus of USU is located at one site. Iowa. Once I understood the USU procedures I was

638 / C & RL News able to work from within and to organize the proc­ first had to put in order what was already there. essing of the first shipment of books purchased with The work on the rearrangement of the stacks ADB loan funds, an awesome task for a staff never started immediately. Relabeling of unmarked before faced with such a large acquisition. Three books was done at the same time. Along with the thousand titles in over 7,000 volumes must have rearrangement of the books, the rules for the orga­ looked intimidating to library staff that had been nization and maintenance of the stacks were devel­ used to processing no more than a few hundred vol­ oped. The final marking of the stacks sections is umes a year. taking place now after all new books have been

Cataloging Since there is no book budget allocated directly to the library administration for the acquisition of I had to he physically library materials, the central library is not involved either in book selection or acquisition work. Proc­ essing begins with the receipt of books. The de­ present at all stages of scriptive cataloging follows the International Stan­ dard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) and is processing. generally good. The standard cataloging code, Peraturan Katalogisasi Indonesia (Jakarta, 1981), follows the international developments prescribed by IFLA. The subject system used was the 11th edi­ tion of the Sears List of Subject Headings and the processed and shelved. classification system is the 19th edition of the D e­ On the whole, the “model operation” for the wey Decimal Classification to which is added an processing of library materials has been established appendix for specific Indonesian topics, Perluasan successfully. It was tested on the first shipment of dan Penyesuaian Notasi untuk Beberapa Seksi da­ books bought with the ADB loan funds. The kernel lam Dewey Decimal Classification Khusus yang of the future Central Library Processing Depart­ Berhubungan dengan Indonesia (Jakarta, 1981). ment exists. In the recommendations for the future The central library agreed to accept CIP records development of library services at USU, we sug­ for cataloging, and this decision introduced the Li­ gested computerization and networking. We of­ brary of Congress Subject Headings. We sent two fered information on software packages, hardware requests for the books and were lucky to obtain an possibilities, and other elements relevant to com­ 8th edition from the U.S. Library of Congress Of­ puterization. For the time being, however, this is fice in Jakarta. We were also greatly reassured by not possible because there is no infrastructure that Mary K.D. Pietris’s letter, in which she related to would support such a system. First, we had to orga­ us that the two systems (Sears and LCSH) could be nize a manual library processing system. Once net­ interfiled successfully with only 15% of the head­ working and computerization have developed in ings clashing. Indonesian libraries, the University of North Su­ Another major project was the establishment of matra will follow the national trend in automa­ the information dissemination system. The work tion. on the public card catalog started in 1982. Prior to Along with the development of a model opera­ this, books were not cataloged and the retrospec­ tion, we prepared recommendations regarding the tive cataloging of earlier holdings was not at­ organizational structure and staffing of the new tempted due to the lack of staff. Now the catalog is central library. Our particular concern was the es­ fairly representative of the library’s holdings and tablishment of a strong acquisitions department has close to 50,000 cards organized in an author- and the formulation of sound collection develop­ title-subject file and a shelf list. What is also impor­ ment policies. Another important event was the tant is that we have trained staff who are eager to appointment of the Library Committee, which observe the filing rules to serve the catalog. Re­ will monitor the development of library services cently the library acquired the card catalog cabi­ and promote the use of library resources. nets and for the first time made the public catalog In conclusion, I would like to say that sometimes available to the patrons. I felt alone and I wished there could have been a team of library consultants. I had the support, Stacks organization however, of MUCIA consultants, many of whom were interested in library matters. I also turned to After I examined the stacks I found out that the help to the University of Iowa Libraries. For in­ books were out of Dewey Decimal Classification stance, when we discovered that many new books sequence in all sections; even the sections were con­ were damaged by dampness, bookworms and ro­ fused and a large percentage of books did not have dents because of their prolonged storage in the un­ labels. It was obvious that if we planned to inte­ favorable conditions of the humid tropical climate, grate the new books with the existing collection, we the University of Iowa book conservator, William

November 1986 / 639 Anthony, immediately answered my call for help. carefully to what my counterparts and other co­ He sent the names of chemicals, procedures to be workers had to say, and was open to Indonesian applied, and literature on preservation. Other col­ values and their ways of doing things. I learned to leagues responded equally well and in this report I be patient and not to despair when the proposed want to thank them publicly. It was good to know changes were not implemented as fast and as well that the University stood by me when I was half a as I wanted them. I was always aware that in our world away from home. reports we must recommend solutions that will be This consulting assignment has been most en­ possible in USU and Indonesian contexts. To sug­ lightening not only because I learned a lot about gest that USU should merely accept American ways the state of librarianship in a less than ideal setting, of doing things and propose a simple transplant of but also because I experienced a wealth of cross- American library services to Northern Sumatra cultural interactions in living among and working would not work. with my Indonesian colleagues. I learned to listen

Wiley Dyer and the library as information processor

By Sarah Barbara Watstein

H ead, Reference Division Hunter College

The ACRL President’s Program in New York last June took a fresh look at a controversial case study.

B y now, many academic librarians nationwide Garfield University have been involved, directly or indirectly, in the and its dilemmas examination of the issues surrounding the rapid in­ troduction and integration of technology on the Easily recognizable to most ACRL members are mythical campus known as Garfield University. several of the most vocal characters and details in Some of us participated in this examination on Oc­ the controversy engulfing the Garfield University tober 28, 1983, at a Tri-Chapter ACRL Sympo­ campus in suburban Clifton since the inauguration sium entitled “Life on the Technology Express” of President Wiley Dyer. At the helm of the Heath­ (see C &RL News, January 1984, pp.9–10). Others cliff Library on the Garfield University campus is participated in this examination on June 30, 1986, Ely Berrien, director of the library for eighteen at the ACRL President’s Program in New York also years. Other notable library personnel are Mr. A. entitled, “Life on the Technology Express.” This Keen Buch, assistant director for public services, article focuses on the two Garfield University pro­ and Minnie Roebuck, head of cataloging, and grams and provides some background on their de­ chair of DEPOT, Director’s Executive Panel on velopment. Technology. Other University notables are Irwin

640 / C&RL News