DOCSLIB.ORG

World War II Chart Template

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World War II Chart Template World War II Chart Template Name of Packet Reading and Author: The End of Illusion: Hitler and the Destruction ​ of Versailles, Kissinger Topic 1: Causes, Practices and Effects of War ​ th Major Theme: Different Types and Nature of 20 ​ Century Warfare ​ ​ Example: World War Two ​ Civil War Spanish Civil War, Germany and Italy sent “volunteers” to help spread fascism. Guerilla War Limited War Total War Historiography Topic 1: Causes, Practices and Effects of War ​ Major Theme: Origins and causes of war ​ Example: World War Two ​ Long­term Causes The Versailles Treaty was too constricting and hard on Germany. Hitler used the dislike of this to mask his ideology until people were convinced of his virtue. Short­term Causes The Spanish Civil War allowed for an increase in fascist regimes and allowed for Germany test the waters Immediate Causes Economic Causes Ideological Causes Economic downturn in Germany was blamed on Versaille treaty nations, increased public dislike for them and increased desire for war. Hitler’s belief that Germany should’ve won WWI or at least not have surrendered until the final man and his belief that he was a superior being and he would essentially become a world leader. Political Causes Hitler took complete power from the Weimar government a short 18 months after being appointed Chancellor. Realpolitik: Germany’s relations with its neighbors is based on the ​ relative power of each state. Religious Causes Historiography Mein Kampf was a repackaging of right­wing radical wisdom that ​ standing alone would’ve never received popular support. Demagogic skill is what got Hitler into leadership positions in Germany. Once Hitler abandoned the pretense of rectifying injustice ,his credibility vanished. Hitler’s extreme dismay after the end of WWI caused his later mind­numbing monologues of fighting to the end. Hitler believed and convinced his entourage that because he was such a rare, powerful, and amazing leader that his goals must be accomplished over his lifetime. History offers no other example of a major was being started on the basis of medical conjecture. Hitler’s megalomania turned a possibly peaceful evolution into world war. Hitler’s accession to power strengthened the UK’s desires to simply follow disarmament/appeasement Great Britain greatly overestimated the military power of Italy. Appeasement became an official policy, and rectifying the inequities of Versailles the conventional wisdom. Allies had no backbone. Great Britain went so far as to even praise Germany as “the bulwark of Europe against Bolshevism”. Neville Chamberlain discussed the obligations of the French alliance with Czechoslovakia and neglected to speak on Austria’s independence on purpose. The annexation of Austria simply caused the allies to want to try appeasement even more, hoping that Hitler would stop if he had all of the original Germans in the fatherland. Czechoslovakia was a pretty poppin place with lotsa “excellent” Czech designed weapons, a standing army, and a standard of living comparable to Switzerland (pretty damn good). Soviets protected Czechs but it was doubtful that Poland or Romania would’ve allowed for soviet troops in their lands. Great Britain felt reluctant to defend Czechoslovakia. Hitler and Chamberlain met, Hitler met in a far away area, forcing Chamberlain into many inconveniences in order to show his disdain. Chamberlain “persuaded” the Czechs to give up territory that was 50% German population to Germany. Hitler, Chamberlain, Mussolini, and Daladier met in Munich for a meeting that essentially forced the Allies to accept Hitler’s Bad Godesberg program peacefully before he went to war to impose it. Allied victors made a “punitive peace and, after having themselves created the maximum incentive for revisionism, cooperated in dismantling their own settlement. Chamberlain was determined to never be blackmailed again and began a rearmament program. However his reputation collapsed when it was realized he had not created the “peace in our time”. The destruction of Czechoslovakia made no sense whatsoever and was a very clear indication that Hitler was beyond rational calculation and that he wanted war. All Hitler had to do was wait, but he was really bad at that. His blunder was incorporation non­German people into his population, which violated self­determination. Great Britain now resisted Hitler simply because he could not be trusted (finally, took you long enough Britain). Topic 1: Causes, Practices and Effects of War ​ th Major Theme: Nature of 20 ​ century wars ​ ​ Example: World War Two ​ Technological Developments Tactics and At the beginning of the war, Hitler offered reassurances of peace while Strategies he slow dismantled all restrictions from the Treaty of Versaille. Air Land Sea The Home Front: Economic & Social Impact Changes in the Role & Status of Women Resistance & Revolutionary Movements Historiography Topic 1: Causes, Practices and Effects of War ​ Major Theme: Effects and Results of Wars ​ Example: World War Two ​ Peace Settlements Versailles treaty was too hard on Germany, which made it easier for & Wars Ending Hitler to gain power with a repeating rhetoric of anti­versaille nations. Without Treaties Attempts at Versaille treaty nations simply continued with disarmament. Collective Security Lack of any type of repercussion for Hitler’s leaving League of Nations Pre­ and Post and announcing rearmament. WWII The allies accepted Hitler’s ideas that he would only rearm to 300,000 soldiers have the Luftwaffe be half the size of France. Despite these numbers being far higher than what the treaty of Versailles said the allies accepted anyways. Britain continued to demilitarize as some strange and idiotic attempt to get Hitler to do the same and to support the Disarmament Conference. France also convinced itself that demilitarizing was the best way to stop Hitler. The allies believed that simply postponing the war would be a gain… idiots. France did not want to connect itself too much with Russia because they didn’t want to fall from Great Britain's good graces, the countries between France and Russia did not permit soviet troops, and they were so paranoid about war that they didn’t want to talk with soviet leaders just in case Germany declared war on them Political Hoare­Laval pact: Aim was to give part of Ethiopia to Italy and Great ​ Repercussions Britain would give Ethiopia access to the sea through Somalia. However just before the plan was announced it was leaked by the press and failed. This caused Ethiopia to all go to Italy instead of half. Territorial Changes Post­war Economic Problems Historiography .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Colonial Appeasement
    Colonial Appeasement coming to power in 1933, even though the Nazi leader’s territorial ambitions focused (1935–38) on Eastern Europe, as indicated in his infa- PAUL W. DOERR mous memoir Mein Kampf.Afewsenior Acadia University, Canada Nazis also hoped for a colonial foothold in Africa, but the early years of Hitler’s regime were taken up with other, more urgent Colonial appeasement is a largely forgotten matters. aspectofBritishappeasement.Duringthe British officials and policy-makers had, years from 1935 to 1938 the British govern- throughout the 1920s, strongly rejected any ment gave serious attention to the possibility suggestion of returning colonies to Germany. of granting Germany colonial possessions But the deteriorating world economic situa- in Africa as part of a “general settlement” tion after 1929, combined with the growing with the Nazi regime. Various schemes for threat to the peace from Hitler’s Germany, transferring African territories to German forced the British to rethink their position. jurisdiction were considered, but serious Gradually the idea began to emerge that per- obstacles arose and, with the exception of haps colonies could be returned to Germany one formal proposal from the British in early as part of a much larger general settlement of 1938, talks with the Germans on the subject the situation in Europe. never moved beyond vague generalities. On March 7, 1936, Hitler sent German Prior to the First World War, Germany troops into the demilitarized zone of Ger- held four territories in Africa, namely Ger- many. He then issued a series of demands, man East Africa, German South-West Africa, oneofwhichwasacallforequalityofcolonial Kamerun, and Togoland.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Peace Operations
    OROLSI is comprised of five components: “UN Peacekeeping deploys to some of the most complex OFFICE OF RULE OF LAW & SECURITY INSTITUTIONS and difficult places, protecting some of the world’s most United Nations Police Division (PD) vulnerable. We are working in partnership with Member States to implement the Secretary-General’s Action for Where requested and mandated, United Nations Police (UNPOL) supports Member States to realize effective, efficient, representative, responsive and accountable police services that Peacekeeping initiative to strengthen peacekeeping, including serve and protect the population. UNPOL build and support police capacity to prevent and to improve how we protect civilians, which is at the heart of detect crime, protect life and property and maintain public order and safety in adherence our work. For hundreds of millions, peacekeeping is the last to the rule of law and international human rights norms. The United Nations Police Division best hope and it needs all our support.” supports UNPOL by selecting, recruiting, deploying and rotating personnel in UN peace operations; developing policy and guidance; providing strategic and operational support, Jean-Pierre Lacroix Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations including through the Standing Police Capacity; and facilitating assessments and evaluations. Justice and Corrections Service (JCS) Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) OROLSI colleagues are at the forefront of efforts to enhance The Justice and Corrections Service serves as a center of expertise on justice and the performance and accountability of peacekeepers, includ- corrections areas and supports the work of justice and corrections components in OROLSI is committed to ing by conducting trainings and assessments of Formed Police United Nations peace operations and other UN entities.
    [Show full text]
  • Disarmament a Basic Guide
    Disarmament A Basic Guide by Melissa Gillis Third Edition United Nations, New York, 2012 Note THE UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS has published the Ba- sic Guide pursuant to the purposes of the United Nations Disarmament Informa- tion Programme. The mandate of the Programme is to inform, educate and gener- ate public understanding of the importance of multilateral action, and support for it, in the field of arms limitation and disarmament. For more information, contact: Information and Outreach Branch United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs United Nations New York, NY 10017 Telephone: 212.963.3022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.un.org/disarmament THE FIRST EDITION of the Guide was originally written by Bhaskar Menon and pub- lished in 2001 in collaboration with the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Committee on Disarmament, Peace and Security. The second edition was authored and edited by Melissa Gillis, the editor of Disarmament Times, and was published in 2009. Ms. Gillis edited this third edition and provided updated text where ap- propriate. The Guide is intended for the general reader, but may also be useful for the disarmament educator or trainer. COVER DESIGN based on the United Nations poster entitled “The United Nations for a Better World”, designed by Ricardo Ernesto Jaime de Freitas. THE VIEWS expressed are those of the author/editor and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. MATERIAL appearing in the Guide may be reprinted without permission, provided that credit is given to the author/editor and to the United Nations. Since 1972, the NGO COMMITTEE ON DISARMAMENT, PEACE AND SECURITY has provided services to citizens’ groups concerned with the peace and disarmament activities of the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Submarine and the Washington Conference Of
    477 THE SUBMARINE AND THE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE OF 1921 Lawrence H. Douglas Following the First World War, the tation of this group, simply stated, was tide of public opinion was overwhelm­ that second best in naval strength meant ingly against the submarine as a weapon last. A policy of naval superiority was of war. The excesses of the German necessary, they felt, for "history consis­ U-boat had stunned the sensibilities of tently shows that war between no two the world but had, nonetheless, pre­ peoples or nations can be unthink­ sented new ideas and possibilities of this able.,,1 A second group, the Naval weapon to the various naval powers of Advisory Committee (Admirals Pratt the time. The momentum of these new and Coontz and Assistant Secretary of ideas proved so strong that by the the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.) also opening of the first major international submitted recommendations concerning disarmament conference of the 20th the limitation of naval armaments. century, practical uses of the submarine From the outset their deliberations were had all but smothered the moral indig­ guided by a concern that had become nation of 1918. more and more apparent-the threat Several months prior to the opening posed to the security and interests of of the conference, the General Board of this country by Japan. This concern was the American Navy was given the task evidenced in an attempt to gain basic of developing guidelines and recommen­ understandings with Britain. dations to be used by the State Depart­ The submarine received its share of ment in determining the American attention in the deliberations of these proposals to be presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Demilitarization and Conversion
    BIONN NTERNATIONAL C ENTER FOR C ONVERSION. I NTERNATIONALES K ONVERSIONSZENTRUM B ONN paper1 Demilitarization and Conversion World Social Summit Copenhagen, March 1995 Michael Brzoska, Kees Kingma, Herbert Wulf The authors are members of the staff of the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC). Dr. Michael Brzoska is head of the research department, Kees Kingma is project leader of demobilization and demilitarization projects, Dr. Herbert Wulf is director of BICC. BICC. AN DER ELISABETHKIRCHE 25 53113. BONN GERMANY. PHONE +49-228-9 11 96-0. FAX +49-228-24 12 15 Background Paper for the Panel Demilitarization and Conversion Conversion of Military Structures—A Challenge for the International Scientific Community and an Opportunity for Global Security and Social Development at the World Social Summit Copenhagen, 8 March 1995 Bonn International Center for Conversion Michael Brzoska, Kees Kingma and Herbert Wulf1 1The authors are all members of staff at the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC). Dr. Michael Brzoska is head of the research department, Kees Kingma is project leader of demobilization and demilitarization projects, Dr. Herbert Wulf is the director of BICC. Demilitarization and Conversion Conversion of Military Structures - A Challenge for the International Scientific Community and an Opportunity for Global Security and Social Development prepared for the World Social Summit, Copenhagen, March 1995 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Elements of a comprehensive concept of conversion 3. Benefits and costs of conversion 4. Redistributing resources through conversion 5. Reorientation of science for social development 6. Security aspects of conversion 7. Summary: Military conversion for social development References Appendix tables - 2 - I.
    [Show full text]
  • KRYSTIAN MACIEJ SZUDAREK* Szczecin the BRITISH
    Studia Maritima, vol. XXVII/1 (2014) ISSN 0137-3587 KRYSTIAN MACIEJ SZUDAREK* Szczecin THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE NAVAL DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE IN GENEVA (1927)** Keywords: Great Britain, naval disarmament, Coolidge Conference Summary The Naval Disarmament Conference was held in Geneva between 20 June – 4 Au- gust 1927 on the initiative of the American President Calvin Coolidge. It was a contin- uation of the process initiated during the Washington Conference (12 November 1921 – 6 February 1922). It was then that Great Britain, the United States of America, Japan, France and Italy determined the ratio of the naval forces in the class of battleships and aircraft carriers in line with the following: 5 : 5 : 3 : 1.75 : 1.75. During the so-called Coolidge Conference (1927) the American party did its best to conclude an internation- al treaty and consequently achieve parity between the US Navy and Royal Navy in all classes of warships. The British government accepted an invitation to the Geneva Conference (1927) assuming that their delegation would succeed in forcing through the disarmament plan formulated by the Admiralty. The plan was aimed at modifying the Washington Treaty in order that the British Empire could make savings and at the same time improve her national security. The British plan was aimed at prolonging the service life of battleships * Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Instytut Historii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych, e-mail: kszu- [email protected]. ** Research in London for this article was supported by the De Brzezie Lanckoronski Foun- dation. 88 Krystian Maciej Szudarek and aircraft carriers, reducing the displacement and calibre of guns carried by battle- ships, and, last but not least, dividing the cruisers into heavy and light as well as imposing limitations only on the number of the former.
    [Show full text]
  • Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration
    Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration A PRACTICAL FIELD AND CLASSROOM GUIDE | 1 Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration A Practical Field and Classroom Guide Authors: Colin Gleichmann, Michael Odenwald, Kees Steenken, Adrian Wilkinson ISBN 1-896551-54-8 © GTZ, NODEFIC, PPC, SNDC, 2004 All rights reserved Cover design, Layout and Typesetting: Jutta Herden, Stuttgart, Germany Printing and Binding: Druckerei Hassmüller Graphische Betriebe GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt a. M., Germany Permission to reproduce this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through any of the publishing organisations. This book is not for commercial purposes or resale. Contact Information: see p. 152 2| Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration A PRACTICAL FIELD AND CLASSROOM GUIDE | 3 Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration The collaborating partners: German Technical Co-operation Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH The GTZ (German Technical Co-operation) is a government-owned corporation providing international technical co-operation across the world. GTZ supports approximately 2,700 development projects and programmes in more than 130 partner countries, and is chiefly sponsored by the German Federal Government. Overall, GTZ's aim is to improve the living conditions and prospects of people in developing countries and countries in transition. Since the early 1990s GTZ is involved in DDR programmes and has thus focused on the linkages between security and development. Today programmes for security sector reform, small arms control, crisis prevention, conflict transformation and peace building are integral parts of the development co-operation portfolio. GTZ benefits from a wide range of experiences with project implementation for DDR programmes in various countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
    [Show full text]
  • Agenda for Disarmament António Guterres United Nations Secretary-General ISBN 978-92-1-142329-7 the Cover Depicts Orizuru, an Origami Paper Crane
    International security is at risk. “ Cold war tensions have returned. Global military spending is at its highest since the fall of the Berlin Wall. This is why I am launching SECURING OUR “my disarmament agenda, based COMMON FUTURE on concrete, practical actions. An Agenda for Disarmament António Guterres United Nations Secretary-General ISBN 978-92-1-142329-7 The cover depicts Orizuru, an origami paper crane. The Japanese legend has it that, if anyone folds a thousand paper cranes, his or her wish will be granted by the gods. Sadako Sasaki was two years old when an atomic bomb fell on Hiroshima in 1945. She was caught in black rain and developed leukaemia 10 years later. At her hospital bed, Sadako was folding over a thousand cranes, praying for her recovery. She died at the age of 12, but her story of folding thousands of cranes spread around the world. Origami cranes have become symbols of peace. The paper crane on the cover was attached to a peace tapestry created by students and teachers from Nutley High School in New Jersey, United States of America, who came to the United Nations Headquarters in observance of United Nations Day on 24 October 2017. Photo credits: Cover: UN Photo/Cia Park Foreword: UN Photo/Evan Schneider SECURING OUR COMMON FUTURE An Agenda for Disarmament Office for Disarmament Affairs New York, 2018 United Nations Electronically available in PDF and e-book formats from www.un.org/disarmament/sg-agenda United Nations Publication Sales No. E.18.IX.6 ISBN 978-92-1-142329-7 eISBN 978-92-1-047209-8 Copyright © 2018
    [Show full text]
  • Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration and Security Sector Reform
    Alan Bryden and Vincenza Scherrer (eds) Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration and Security Sector Reform Insights from UN Experience in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) LIT Alan Bryden and Vincenza Scherrer (eds) Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration and Security Sector Reform LIT (Bibliographic information here) Contents Foreword vii Preface ix Abbreviations xi Part I: Introduction 1 The DDR-SSR Nexus: Concepts and Policies 3 Alan Bryden and Vincenza Scherrer Part II: Case Studies 2 Afghanistan 31 Mark Sedra 3 Burundi 71 Serge Rumin 4 The Central African Republic 115 Boubacar N’Diaye 5 The Democratic Republic of the Congo 143 Vincenza Scherrer Part III: Conclusion 6 The DDR-SSR Nexus: Turning Practical Experience into 181 Good Practice Alan Bryden and Vincenza Scherrer Annex 205 Contributors 211 About DCAF 212 Foreword The United Nations is increasingly called upon to support post-conflict societies in their efforts to end conflict, stabilise, consolidate peace and commence recovery. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) and security sector reform (SSR) processes are critical elements of such efforts. As the authors of this publication observe, the conceptual linkages between DDR and SSR are already recognised widely by Member States, practitioners and other actors. Yet the implementation of mutually supportive DDR and SSR initiatives has often been elusive. DDR is a discrete conceptual and operational process that has been undertaken by the United Nations over the last twenty years in direct support of national partners, while SSR, as recently noted by the Security Council, is a much broader and newer concept.
    [Show full text]
  • NATO and Nuclear Disarmament
    North Atlantic Treaty Organization www.nato.int/factsheets Factsheet October 2020 NATO and Nuclear Disarmament NATO Allies are strongly committed to arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation, which play an important role in preserving peace in the Euro-Atlantic region. NATO actively contributes to effective and verifiable nuclear disarmament efforts through its policies and activities, and the commitments of its member countries. Allies recognise the threat posed by weapons of mass destruction (WMD), as well as their means of delivery, by state and non-state actors. NATO designs its partnership programmes to provide effective frameworks for dialogue, consultation, and coordination on a wide range of arms control-related issues, including nuclear disarmament. NATO’s Role in Nuclear Disarmament Disarmament is the act of eliminating or abolishing weapons, either unilaterally or reciprocally. It may refer either to reducing and limiting the number and types of arms, or to eliminating entire categories of weapons. NATO’s policies in this field support consultation and practical cooperation on nuclear policy issues, including arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation. NATO supports and facilitates policy-making among members, and consultations with partners and other countries, and aids in the implementation of international obligations. All NATO Allies are parties to the most important of the global treaties on WMD, such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. NATO consults and cooperates with relevant international organizations, including the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs, the African Union, the League of Arab States, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and the European Union.
    [Show full text]
  • British Appeasement 1936-1939: the Debate Between Parliament and the Public
    University Libraries Lance and Elena Calvert Calvert Undergraduate Research Awards Award for Undergraduate Research 2017 British Appeasement 1936-1939: The Debate between Parliament and the Public Kylie D. Johnson College of Liberal Arts- History and Political Science, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/award Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, Military History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Public History Commons Repository Citation Johnson, K. D. (2017). British Appeasement 1936-1939: The Debate between Parliament and the Public. Available at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/award/31 This Research Paper is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Research Paper in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Research Paper has been accepted for inclusion in Calvert Undergraduate Research Awards by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. British Appeasement 1936-1939: The Debate between Parliament and the Public Kylie Johnson Dr. Michelle Tusan Johnson 2 Following the Great War, the countries in Europe were wary of another devastating war plaguing the world. The years of fighting and the immense loss of life permeated the minds of the people of the world for decades.
    [Show full text]
  • National Perspectives on Nuclear Disarmament
    NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT EDITED BY: Barry M. Blechman Alexander K. Bollfrass March 2010 Copyright ©2010 The Henry L. Stimson Center Cover design by Shawn Woodley All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent from The Henry L. Stimson Center. The Henry L. Stimson Center 1111 19th Street, NW 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 phone: 202-223-5956 fax: 202-238-9604 www.stimson.org TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .....................................................................................................................v Introduction ...........................................................................................................vii BRAZIL | A Brazilian Perspective on Nuclear Disarmament Marcos C. de Azambuja.....................................................................1 CHINA | China’s Nuclear Strategy in a Changing World Stategic Situation Major General Pan Zhenqiang (Retired)........................................13 FRANCE | French Perspectives on Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Disarmament Bruno Tertrais ..................................................................................37 INDIA | Indian Perspectives on the Global Elimination of Nuclear Weapons Rajesh M. Basrur .............................................................................59 IRAN | Iranian Perspectives on the Global Elimination of Nuclear Weapons Anoush Ehteshami............................................................................87
    [Show full text]