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Ski Life Cycle Assessment of the Follo Line -Infrastructure

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Ski Life Cycle Assessment of the Follo Line -Infrastructure New Double Track Line Oslo – Ski Life Cycle Assessment of the Follo Line -Infrastructure 00A Final report 06.05.2011 ARK/HB JP/KL HKj Revision Revision applies to Date Drafted by Verified by Approved by Title: Number of pages: 84 ‘Life Cycle Assessment of the Follo Line Produced by: – Infrastructure’ Asplan Viak AS Replaces: Replaced by: Project: New double track line Oslo – Ski Document no: Revision: Section: Oslo Central Station – Ski station UOS-00-A-36100 00A Page: 2 of 90 Doc. no: UOS-00-A-36100 Life Cycle Assessment of the New Double Track Line Revision: 00A Follo Line Oslo – Ski Date: 06.05.2011 -Infrastructure Page: 3 of 90 New Double Track Line Life Cycle Assessment of the Doc. no: UOS-00-A-36100 Revision: 00A Oslo – Ski Follo Line Date: 06.05.2011 -Infrastructure PREFACE The ‘Life Cycle Assessment of the Follo Line – Infrastructure’ project has been initiated by the Ministry of Transport and Communications in the National Transport Plan 2010-2019. The project’s aim has been to develop a framework for the calculation and reporting of the climate and environmental impact of Norwegian National Rail Administration construction projects. The framework of the life cycle assessment will be used in all major Norwegian National Rail Administration investment projects. The ‘Life Cycle Assessment of the Follo Line – Infrastructure’ has been produced by Asplan Viak AS on behalf of the Norwegian National Rail Administration. The project has been conducted as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment on the construction of a new double track line between Oslo and Ski, the Follo Line. The Project Manager for the Norwegian National Rail Administration has been Håvard Kjerkol. Esben Rude has been the Project Manager from Asplan Viak. Kjell Lønne has been Project Manager for the ‘Life Cycle Assessment of the Follo Line – Infrastructure’, with Øyvind Dalen and Anna-Rita Korsmo as project assistants. MiSA/Håvard Bergsdal has been subcontractor on the project, developing the assessment model and framework. ViaNova/Erling Graarud/Åsmund Holen have provided the material volumes and energy consumption used in formulating the assessment. The report has been quality controlled by Johan Pettersen/MiSA. The Norwegian National Rail Administration’s Development Division, 6th May 2011 Håvard Kjerkol Anne-Kathrine Kalager Project Manager Project Director Page: 4 of 90 Doc. no: UOS-00-A-36100 Life Cycle Assessment of the New Double Track Line Revision: 00A Follo Line Oslo – Ski Date: 06.05.2011 -Infrastructure Page: 5 of 90 New Double Track Line Life Cycle Assessment of the Doc. no: UOS-00-A-36100 Revision: 00A Oslo – Ski Follo Line Date: 06.05.2011 -Infrastructure CONTENTS 1 Introduction and background to the project ..................................................................... 7 1.1 Project description for the ‘Follo Line’ ...................................................................... 7 1.2 Life Cycle Assessment of the Follo Line .................................................................. 9 1.3 Literature study – selection of method ..................................................................... 9 2 Objective, utilisation and development of A Life Cycle Assessment ..............................17 2.1 Objective ................................................................................................................17 2.2 Use of life cycle accounting and life cycle assessments .........................................17 2.3 Framework development for other projects ............................................................19 3 Life cycle assessment of the Follo Line – Goal and scope Definition .............................21 3.1 Framework and standards ......................................................................................21 3.2 Functional unit ........................................................................................................21 3.3 Impact categories – Environmental consequences .................................................22 3.4 System boundaries ................................................................................................22 3.5 Structure and layout ...............................................................................................26 3.6 Tools for modelling and analysis ............................................................................33 4 Life cycle inventory and data procurement ....................................................................34 4.1 Types of inventory data ..........................................................................................34 4.2 Basic data for the foreground system – level 4 components ...................................36 5 Results of the life cycle Impact assessment ..................................................................41 5.1 Main results and results structuring ........................................................................41 5.2 Results – Construction ...........................................................................................46 5.3 Results – Maintenance ...........................................................................................61 5.4 Results – Waste and infrastructure disposal ...........................................................67 5.5 Results – Corridor alternatives ...............................................................................68 5.6 Results per km of double track line .........................................................................69 Page: 6 of 90 Doc. no: UOS-00-A-36100 Life Cycle Assessment of the New Double Track Line Revision: 00A Follo Line Oslo – Ski Date: 06.05.2011 -Infrastructure 5.7 Use of the life cycle assessment to improve environmental performance ...............71 6 Discussion .....................................................................................................................76 6.1 Importance of data source selection .......................................................................76 6.2 Importance of impact category selection ................................................................76 6.3 Uncertainty and data quality ...................................................................................77 7 Conclusion and summary ..............................................................................................81 7.1 Main results – environmental impact categories and energy consumption .............81 7.2 Impact on climate change – locally and outside of Norway .....................................82 Appendix 1: General aspects of a life cycle assessment ......................................................84 Appendix 2: Quantity data for the Follo Line .........................................................................90 Page: 7 of 90 New Double Track Line Life Cycle Assessment of the Doc. no: UOS-00-A-36100 Revision: 00A Oslo – Ski Follo Line Date: 06.05.2011 -Infrastructure 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT 1.1 Project description for the ‘Follo Line’ The new double track line Oslo – Ski (The Follo Line) is referred to in Government White Paper no. 16 (2009) – National Transport Plan 2010-2019. The project is planned to be undertaken as a continuous development programme with construction scheduled to commence in 2013 with completion in 2018. The Follo Line will be a high-speed railway between Oslo Central Station and Ski, designed as a tunnel construction. The project represents the first stage in the development of a high-speed railway to Europe. Through further planning, the Norwegian National Rail Administration, as the developer, will determine the project’s final design. This applies to both the final route of the line, in addition to the selection of a solution for the section of the corridor which enter Oslo Central Station, as well as technical solutions and construction principles. Tunnel concept The corridor of the Follo Line comprises two continuous deep tunnels, one in each direction, with an open section entering Oslo Central Station and Ski station. It has not been determined whether the tunnels will be blasted or bored. Entry to Oslo Central Station The alignment entering Oslo Central Station will be an open section comprising cross- over culverts in conjunction with other lines. Figure 1-1: Sketch map showing the project proposals for In this respect, three different alternatives the placement of rigging areas and construction sites, as well as potential adits. are being examined. Page: 8 of 90 Doc. no: UOS-00-A-36100 Life Cycle Assessment of the New Double Track Line Revision: 00A Follo Line Oslo – Ski Date: 06.05.2011 -Infrastructure A more detailed description of these alternatives may be found in the Environmental Impact Assessment. Entry to Ski station The section of the corridor that enters Ski station comprises an open section and cross-over zone with the Østfold Line. Rigging areas and construction sites The acreage requirements during the construction phase will depend upon the method of construction. If a TBM (tunnel boring machine) is chosen as the method of tunnel construction, certain rigging areas and construction sites may be excluded. Rigging areas are shown in the figure above. Page: 9 of 90 New Double Track Line Life Cycle Assessment of the Doc. no: UOS-00-A-36100 Revision: 00A Oslo – Ski Follo Line Date: 06.05.2011 -Infrastructure 1.2 Life Cycle Assessment of the Follo Line The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the Follo Line project is a sub-project under the research work into the
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