DE AUDIBILIBUS
T. LOVEDAY and E. S. FORSTER
OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1913 PREFACE
This tract appears to be a fragment of a larger work.
It is certainly not Aristotle's, and has been ascribed with some likelihood to Strato. It has never been separately edited. Prantl's text in the Teubner edition (1881) has been used. Mr. W. D. Ross's advice has again been invaluable to us.
T. L.
E. S. F. DE AUDIBILIBUS
All sounds, whether articulate or inarticulate, are 8oo f produced by the meeting of bodies with other bodies or of the air with bodies, not because the air assumes certain shapes, as some people think, but because it is set in motion in the way in which, in other cases, bodies are moved, whether by contraction or expansion or compression, or again when it clashes together by an impact from the breath 5 or from the strings of musical instruments. For, when the nearest portion of it is struck by the breath which comes into contact with it, the air is at once driven forcibly on, thrusting forward in like manner the adjoining air, so that the sound travels unaltered in quality as far as the dis- turbance of the air manages to reach. For, though the 10 disturbance originates at a particular point, yet its force is dispersed over an extending area, like breezes which blow from rivers or from the land. Sounds which happen for any reason to have been stifled where they arise, are dim and misty; but, if they are clear, they travel far and fill all 15 the space around them. We all breathe in the same air, but the breath and the sounds which we emit differ owing to structural variations of the organs at our disposal, through which the breath must travel in its passage from within—namely, the wind- 20 pipe, the lungs, and the mouth. Now the impact of the breath upon the air and the shapes assumed by the mouth
make most difference to the voice. This is clearly the case ; for indeed all the differences in the kinds of sounds which are produced proceed from this cause, and we find the same people imitating the neighing of horses, the croaking of 25 frogs, the song of the nightingale, the cries of cranes, and practically every other living creature, by means of the same breath and windpipe, merely by expelling the air —
8oo a DE AUDIBILIBUS
from the mouth in different ways. Many birds also imitate 30 by these means the cries of other birds which they hear. As to the lungs, when they are small and- inexpansive
and hard, they cannot admit the air nor expel it again in
large quantities, nor is the impact of the breath strong and vigorous. For, because they are hard and inexpansive and
35 constricted, they do not admit of dilatation to any great extent, nor again can they force out the breath by contract- ing after wide distension just as we ourselves cannot ; 8oob produce any effect with bellows, when they have become hard and cannot easily be dilated and closed. For what
gives strength to the impact of the breath is that the lungs
5 after wide distension contract and violently force out the
air. This can be illustrated from the other parts of the body, none of which can strike a blow with any effect at
a very close distance. It is impossible with either the leg or the hand to smite the object of your blow with any
10 force or to hurl it far, unless you allow the limb a con- siderable distance in which to strike the blow. If you fail
to do so, the blow is hard owing to the energy exerted, but
it cannot force its object far. Under similar circumstances stone-throwing engines cannot shoot far, nor a sling, nor
15 a bow, if it is stiff and will not bend, and the string cannot
be drawn back far. But if the lung is large and soft and
flexible, it can admit the air and expel it again in large
quantities, regulating it at will, thanks to its softness and
the ease with which it can contract.
20 As for the windpipe, when it is long and narrow, it is
only with difficulty that the voice is emitted, and con-
siderable force is required owing to the distance that the
breath has to travel. This is clear from the fact that creatures which have long necks force out their cries geese, for example, and cranes and domestic fowls. A better
illustration may be taken from the oboe ; every one, for
25 instance, finds a difficulty in filling ah oboe of the kind
called the ' silkworm ',* and considerable exertion is required owing to the amount of space to be filled. Further-
1 b 8oo 25. For this instrument cf. Pollux, Onomasticon, iv. 10, and Chappell, History of Ancient Music, p. 268. 1
DE AUDIBILIBUS 8oob more, owing to narrowness of the passage, the breath is compressed within, and on escaping immediately expands and disperses, like streams when they pass through narrow 30 straits ; so that the voice is not sustained and does not carry far. Moreover, in such cases the breath must neces- sarily be hard to regulate and not easily controlled. On the other hand, when the windpipe is of considerable width, the breath can pass out easily, but, whilst travelling within, it becomes dispersed owing to the abundance of space, and 35 the voice becomes hollow and lacks solidity ; furthermore, a creatures which have wide windpipes cannot articulate * 8oi clearly with their breath because the windpipe does not hold firmly together. Creatures in whom the windpipe is irregular and has not the same width throughout must
suffer from difficulties of every kind ; for their breath must be under irregular control, and must be compressed 5 in one part and dispersed again in another part. If the windpipe is short, it necessitates a quick expulsion of the breath, and the impact on the air is more violent ; in such cases the voice is more piercing owing to the quick passage of the breath. Not only structural variations in the organs of speech ic make a difference to the voice, but also their condition. When the lungs and the windpipe are full of moisture, the breath is impeded and does not pass out continuously, because it is interrupted and becomes thick and moist and difficult to move, as happens in the case of a catarrh 15 and in drunkenness. If the breath be absolutely dry, the voice becomes rather hard and dispersed ; for moisture, when it is slight, holds the air together and causes, as it were, a unity in the voice. Such, then, are the differences in the voice caused by structural variations in the organs of speech and the varying condition of the organs. 20 Now though we localize sounds where they severally originate, yet in every case we actually hear them only air struck the when they strike upon the ear ; for the by impact of the breath is borne along for a certain distance in a mass, and then gradually becomes dispersed, and we 25
1 a 80 1. Reading diapdpoixrOai for diaiptiadai. 8oia DE AUDIBILIBUS
hereby distinguish all sounds as near or distant. This can 1 be illustrated by the fact that if a man takes a" pot or a pipe or a trumpet and holds it up to another man's ear
and speaks through it, all the sounds which he utters seem 30 quite close to the ear, because the air passing along the
tube is not dispersed and the sound is kept uniform by the
instrument which encloses it. Just as in a picture, if an
artist represents two objects in colour, one as though it
were at a distance and the other as though it were close at hand, the former object appears to us to be sunk into the 35 background of the picture and the latter to stand out in foreground, though they are really in the same plane the ; so, too, in the case of sounds, whether articulate or in-
articulate, if one sound is already dissolved before it strikes
the ear, whilst another still retains its continuity, though both reach the same spot, the former seems distant from
40 the ear and the latter quite near to it, because the one b 8oi resembles a sound coming from afar, the other a sound 2 close at hand. Voices are distinct in proportion to the accuracy of the
sounds uttered ; for it is impossible for the voice to be
distinct if the sounds are not perfectly articulated, just as the sealings of signet-rings cannot be distinct unless they
5 are accurately impressed. For this reason children cannot speak distinctly, nor drunken persons, nor old people, nor those who naturally lisp, nor, speaking generally, those whose tongues and mouths have any defect of movement. For as in instrumental music the sound produced by the
10 combination of brass instruments and horns is less distinct,
so too, in the case of speech, great indistinctness is caused
by the escape of breath from the mouth if the sounds are irregularly formed. They not only present themselves indistinctly, but they also impede the carefully articulated sounds, because the movement to which they give rise,
15 and which affects the ear, is irregular. Therefore, when we hear one person speaking, we understand better than when we hear a number of persons saying the same thing
1 8oi a 28. Reading with the MSS. tupafum. 2 b 8oi i. Reading rrjv 8e ( 777 ) n-Aijow. DE AUDIBILIBUS 8oib at the same time. The same is the case with stringed instruments ; and we hear still less well when the oboe and lyre are played at the same time, because the sounds confuse one another. This is particularly evident when they are played in harmony, the result being that the two 20 sounds produced drown one another. The conditions under which sounds become distinct 1 have now been stated. Clearness in sound resembles clearness in colour. Those colours which most affect the eye are clearly seen most ; in like manner we must suppose that those sounds are most 25 clearly heard which are most able to affect the hearing, when they strike upon it, in other words sounds which are distinct and solid and pure, and have most power of pene-
tration ; for indeed it is a general law of sense-perceptions that the most distinct impressions are produced by the strongest, solidest, and purest stimuli. This is borne out 30 by the fact that all sounds finally become dim as the air which carries them becomes dispersed. The point can also
be illustrated from the oboe ; the sounds produced by oboes which have sloping reeds in their mouthpieces 2 are softer, but not so clear ; for the breath being forced down 35 passes immediately into a wide space and is not continu- ously and consistently sustained, but becomes dispersed. But when the reeds are closely constructed, 3 the sound produced is harder and clearer, the more one presses them against the lips, because the breath is thus emitted with more violence. Such, then, are the conditions of clearness 40 ' 4 a in the voice. So voices which are called ' grey are 8o2 generally considered no worse than those which are called 5 ' white '. For voices which are rather harsh and slightly confused and have not any very marked clearness are the fitting accompaniment of outbreaks of passion and of advanc- ing years, and at the same time, owing to their intensity, 5
1 8oi b 2i. Reading
they are less under control ; for what is produced by violent
exertion is not easily regulated, for it is difficult to increase or decrease the strength of the sound at will. In the case of oboes and other instruments of the same class, the sounds produced are clear when the breath emitted
10 from them is concentrated and intense. For the impacts on the external air must be of this kind, and it is in this way that they will best travel to the ear in a solid mass. Similarly, in the case of odours and light and the various
forms of heat, the weaker they are, the less definite is the impression which they convey to the sense-perception, just
15 as juices are weaker when mixed with water or with other juices. Any second ingredient which makes itself felt obscures the power of the original object.
In contrast to all other musical instruments the notes
produced by horns, if they strike the air in a solid and continuous mass, are indistinct. Therefore the horn which
20 you choose ought to be one the nature of whose growth is regular and smooth, and which does not shoot up quickly. For such horns as shoot up quickly must necessarily be too soft and spongy, so that the notes are dispersed and do not pass out in a solid mass, nor do they produce a consistent sound owing to the softness of the horn and the sponginess
25 caused by the pores. On the other hand, the horn must not be of too slowly growing a kind, nor must it be of a x thick, hard consistency and lacking in resonance ; for,
if the sound in its passage strikes against anything, it is arrested at that point and ceases to advance on its outward course, so that the notes which proceed from such horns
30 are dull and irregular. That the direction taken by sound follows a straight line is clear from the way in which carpenters test beams and large timber in general. For when they strike one end, the sound passes along con- tinuously to the other end unless the wood has some flaw
in it ; if it has a flaw, the sound travels along up to that
35 point and there ceases and is dispersed. It passes round the knots in the wood and cannot continue in a straight course through them. The point can also be illustrated from what
1 802*26. The meaning of Svo^opov is very doubtful. ;
DE AUDIBILIBUS 8o 2a happens in bronze-working when they are filing down the loosely hanging folds of drapery or the wings of statues the cracks close up, so that the metal gives out a rasping
sound and causes a considerable noise ; but the sound 40
immediately ceases if you tie a band round the folds ; for the vibration continues till it strikes the soft material and is there checked. The baking of horns contributes greatly to the excellence 8o2b of their tone ; for, when they are well baked, they produce a sound very like that of pottery, owing to the hardness caused by the heat ; whilst, if they are not sufficiently baked, the sound which they make is too gentle owing to
the softness of the horn, and they cannot produce such 5 well-defined notes. Men, therefore, choose the ages of their
horns ; the horns of old animals are dry and callous and porous, while those of young animals are quite soft and contain a considerable amount of moisture. As we have said, a horn should be dry, of uniform thickness, with 10
straight pores and a smooth surface ; for if it be so, the notes
which pass through it will be full and smooth and even, and the impacts which they make upon the outer air will have the same qualities. For those strings too are best 1 which are smoothest and most even all along, and show 15 the same workmanship throughout, and in which the
joining of the gut is not visible; for then the impacts which they make upon the air are most even. The reeds of oboes, too, must be solid and smooth and even, so that the breath may pass through smoothly and 20 evenly, without being dispersed. Therefore mouthpieces which have been well steeped and soaked in grease give a pleasant sound, while those which are dry produce less agreeable notes. For the air passes softly and evenly through a moist and smooth instrument. This is clear from the fact that the breath itself, when it contains some 35
moisture, is less likely to strike against the mouthpiece is inclined to and become dispersed ; while dry breath catch in the oboe, and the impact which it causes is too
1 8o2b 16. Reading with Wallis e^ovirat. for fXov(ri ' 8oab DE AUDIBILIBUS
hard owing to the force necessary to expel it. Differences, then, in sound arise from the above causes.
30 Hard voices are those which strike forcibly upon the
hearing ; for which reason they are particularly unplcasing —those, that is to say, which are .difficult to start, but which when once started travel with added force—for any quickly yielding body which comes in the way fails to abide the impact and quickly springs aside. To take an illus-
tration of this ; heavy missiles travel along with force,
35 as do streams when they pass through narrow channels, for they acquire very considerable force in the actual
straits, because they cannot yield to restraint all in a moment, but are driven violently along. The same thing happens in the case of articulate and inarticulate sounds.
For clearly all forceful sounds are hard ; as, for instance,
40 those caused by the forcible opening of boxes and turning of hinges, and those made by bronze and iron. For the s 803 sound made on the anvil is hard ' when the iron that is being forged is chilled and has become hard. So, too, is
the noise from the file, when they are filing iron implements and making teeth in saws. The most violent claps of thunder, too, produce very hard sounds, and those showers
5 which from their violence we call ' tearing ' showers. It is quickness of breathing which makes the voice shrill,
force which makes it hard. So it happens that the same individuals have not only sometimes a shriller and at other times a deeper voice, but also at times a harder and at
times a softer voice. Yet some people hold that it is owing
10 to the hardness of the windpipe that the voice becomes
hard. In this they are wrong ; for, though this may be
quite a slight contributing cause, the real reason is the force of the impact caused by the breath from the lungs. For as some men's bodies are moist and soft, while those of others are hard and closely knit, so do their lungs show
i 5 variety. Therefore in some cases the breath which comes
forth is soft, in others it is hard and violent ; for it is easy to see at a glance that the windpipe by itself exercises
1 803*1. Omitting koi nakanos, which is due to aiCkripoTtpav koi
fiaXaKtoTfpap, 1. 8 below. E DE AUDIBILIBUS 8o 3
but little influence. For no windpipe is of the hard con- sistency of an oboe yet ; for all that, by passing the breath through the former and through the latter, some people
produce soft and others hard tones on the oboe. This is 20 clear from the direct perception ; for, if by using greater force one increases the strength of the breathing, the voice immediately becomes harder as a result of the force applied, even if it be naturally a somewhat soft voice. So, too, in 1 the case of the trumpet ; when they are revelling, men 25 relax the pressure of breath in the trumpet in order to make the sound as soft as possible. The point can also be illus- trated from other classes of musical instruments 2 as has ; been stated, the sounds produced by tightly stretched strings are hard, as are the notes of horns which have been
well baked. If one touches the strings violently instead 30 of softly with the hand, they necessarily respond with more violent sounds. The notes produced by less tightly stretched strings and unbaked horns are softer, as are those
produced by the longer musical instruments ; for the
impacts upon the air are both slower and softer owing to 35 the distance that the sound has to travel, whereas in the shorter instruments they are harder owing to the tension
of the strings. That this is so is shown by the fact that the sounds which the instrument itself gives forth are harder when one does not strike the string in the middle, because
there is more strain upon the parts of the strings near 40 the crossbar and near the pegs. The notes produced by
instruments made of fennel-wood are softer ; for the sounds striking on a soft material do not rebound with such 803 13 violence. Voices are rough when the impact of all the breath upon
the air is not single and simultaneous but divided and broken. For each portion of the air striking separately upon the hearing—as if each were moved by a different 5 impact—the sense-impression is broken, so that one vocal utterance fails to produce any sound, while another strikes
1 803*25. Or perhaps, 'when they are accompanying a hymn of victory.' 2 803*27. Reading <-Vi twv (aWav) npydvav. 645-8 D b 8o 3 DE AUDIBILIBUS
with great violence upon the ear, and the contact with the sustained just as when a rough hearing is not evenly ; object touches the skin. This can be best illustrated from
io the file ; for, when a file is being used, the air is set in motion simultaneously at a number of separate minute, points, and so the sounds passing from these points to strike
the ear seem rough, and especially so when the file is scraped against a hard substance. One may compare the sense of 1 touch ; hard, rough objects produce stronger tactual im-
15 pressions. The matter can also be illustrated from the pouring of liquids, for the sound made by olive-oil is less noticeable than that made by any other liquid, owing to
the unbroken continuity of the parts which compose it.
Voices are thin, when the breath that is emitted is small in quantity. Children's voices, therefore, are thin, and those 20 of women and eunuchs, and in like manner those of persons who are enfeebled by disease or over-exertion or want of
nourishment ; for owing to their weakness they cannot expel the breath in large quantities. The same thing may
be seen in the case of stringed instruments ; the sounds
produced from thin strings are thin and narrow and ' fine
25 as hairs ', because the impacts upon the air have only a narrow surface of origin. For the sounds that are pro- duced and strike on the ear are of the same quality as the
source of movement which gives rise to the impacts ; for example, they are spongy or solid, soft or hard, thin or
full. For one portion of the air striking upon another
3° portion of the air preserves the quality of the sound, as is
the case also in respect of shrillness and depth ; for the quick impulsions of the air caused by the impact, quickly succeeding one another, preserve the quality of the voice, as it was in its first origin. Now the impacts upon the air
35 from strings are many and are distinct from one another, but because, owing to the shortness of the intermittence, the ear cannot appreciate the intervals, the sound appears
to us to be united and continuous. The same thing is the
case with colours ; for separate coloured objects appear 40 to join, when they are moved rapidly before our eyes. The
1 b 803 14. Reading ftiaiorepav for ftiaiorepov. ;
DE AUDIBILIBUS 8o3b same thing happens, too, when two notes form a concord for owing to the fact that the two notes overlap and include one another and cease at the same moment, the inter- 8o4a mediate constituent sounds escape our notice. For in all concords more frequent impacts upon the air are caused by the shriller note, owing to the quickness of its movement the result is that the last note strikes upon our hearing with an earlier simultaneously sound produced by the 5 slower impact. Thus, because, as has been said, the ear cannot perceive all the constituent sounds, we seem to hear both notes together and continuously. Thick sounds, on the contrary, are produced when the breath is emitted in great quantity and all together. There- I0 fore the voices of men are inclined to be thick, and the notes
' of the so-called perfect ' oboes, especially when the latter are well filled with air. This is clear from the fact that if you compress the mouthpiece the sound tends to become shrill and thin, as also if one draws the ' speaker ' down- wards ; * but if one stops up the exits, the volume of the sound becomes far greater owing to the amount of breath collected 15 in the instrument, like the notes produced from thicker strings. The sounds uttered by those whose voices are breaking and persons suffering from sore-throats, and after vomiting, are thick owing to the roughness of the windpipe and the fact that the voice does not escape, but striking
upon it is pent up and acquires volume ; and above all, 20 owing to the moist condition of the body. Piping voices are those which are thin and concentrated, such as those of grasshoppers and locusts and the nightin- gale's song, and, generally speaking, cries which are thin, and are not followed by a second and different sound. For this piping quality does not depend on volume of sound 25
1 a 8o4 i4. As this line is punctuated by the Teubner Text and by Bekker, no sense can be obtained. It should be punctuated as
follows : XfTTTorepa, Here avptyyts are apparently the same as •yX&vrrai : A. A. Howard, op. cit., quotes Aristoxenus p. 28 and Plutarch, p. 1096% and suggests that the reference may be to a small hole covered with a sliding band ' and known as the speaker ' in a modern clarinet. Gevaert, Histoire et TMorie de la Musique de FAntiquite, ii. 643, takes the avpty£ to be a musical instrument which could be lengthened or shortened. The whole subject is very obscure. D 2 a 8o 4 DE AUDIBILIBUS nor on the tones being without tension and deep, nor yet upon the close sequence of the sounds, but rather upon shrillness and thinness and accuracy. Therefore it is the instruments which are lightly constructed and tightly stretched, and those which have no horn-work about them, 30 that produce piping notes. The sound of running water, and generally speaking, any sound which, whatever its cause, keeps up an unbroken continuity, preserve the accuracy of their tone. Cracked voices which suddenly give way are those which travel along in a solid mass for a certain distance and then become dispersed. The best illustration may be taken from an earthenware vessel ; every such vessel when broken it as the result of a blow gives forth a cracked sound, for the course of the sound is broken at the point at which the blow was struck, so that the sounds which it gives forth no longer form a solid mass. The same thing happens in the case of broken horns and badly strung strings ; in all such cases the sound travels in a solid mass up to a certain point and b 8o4 is then dispersed, wherever the medium which supports it is not continuous, so that the impact upon the air is not single but dispersed, and the sound produced seems cracked. Cracked voices closely resemble harsh voices, except that 5 in the latter case the sounds are themselves dispersed into small portions, while cracked voices, for the most part, form a solid mass at first and afterwards become split up into a number of parts. Aspirated sounds are formed when we emit the breath from within immediately together with the sounds ; smooth 10 sounds, on the contrary, are those which are formed without the emission of the breath. Voices become broken when they have no longer strength enough to expel the air with an impact, but the region about the lungs collapses after distension. For just as the legs x and shoulders eventually collapse when they are in 2 15 a strained position, so too the region about the lungs. The breath, when it does come forth, comes forth lightly, 1 b 8o4 14. Reading with Wallis o-kcXt) for ovefvq. 2 b 8o4 15. Reading a-vvrovovs optcls for a-vvrovas. DE AUDIBILIBUS 804 1 because the impact which it produces is not forcible enough ; at the same time, owing to the fact that the windpipe has become exceedingly rough, the breath cannot pass out in x a solid mass, but is dispersed, and so the sounds which it produces are broken. Some people hold that it is owing 20 to the adhesive condition of the lungs that the breath cannot pass out and abroad ; but they are wrong, for what really happens is that they make a sound but cannot speak out, because the impact upon the air does not take place with sufficient energy, but they only make a sound such 25 as the breath would make when forced merely from the throat. When people stammer, it is due not to an affection of the veins or windpipe, but to the movement of the tongue ; for they find a difficulty in changing the position of the tongue when they have to utter a second sound. They therefore keep on repeating the same word, for they cannot 30 utter the next word ; but the movements of articulation continue and the lungs go on working with an impetus in the same direction as before, owing to the quantity and force of the breath. For just as when one is running fast it is difficult to divert the whole body from its impetus in one direction to some other movement, so likewise is it with the individual parts of the body. So people who 35 stammer are often unable to say the next word, but can easily say the next but one, when they make a fresh start. This explanation of stammering is supported by the fact that people often stammer when angry, because then they force out their breath. 1 8o4b 20. Reading Shjt for cos. ; ; INDEX Aud. = de Audibilibus. MXG. = de Melisso Xenophane CoL = de Coloribus. Gorgia. Lin. = de Lineis Insecabilibus. Ph. = Physiognomonica. Mech. = Mechanica. PL = de Plantis. -&/*>. = deMirabilibusAuscultationi- F a b a b a b a b a b a l 9i -99 =79i -799 . o -58 =8oo -858 . 68 -8o =968 -98o a b b Abdomen, Ph. lo 5, io 17-23. up water, 24 17 ; the element of, b b Abusiveness, see Railing. 23 5, 24 22 ; naturally rises b b b Abydos, Mir. 32 17. above water, 23 3, 24 23 b Accidens, per, Lin. 72 a 18, 24. Mir. sucked into the earth, 32 s1 Accidental predicates, Mech. 56 31 ; Mech. progression through, a 35- quicker than through water, 5i b b Achaea, Achaeans, ./J/zr. 30 23, 1 7 ; MXG. constitutes the All, 7S b b 40 2, 11. 24 ; Democritus's view of, 75 s b Achilles, temple of, Mir. 40 10. 28 ; an eternal element, 75 5 Acorn, PL 20b 10. unlimited, 76a 32. 36. a h Acquired characters )( natural, Ph. Albinism, Cot. g8 24-* g; Mir. $i 6a 24. 14. a s1 Acropolis, Mir. 46 18. Alcinous, of Sybaris, Mir. 38 15, Acute angle, between thigh and leg 25. in rising from sitting position, Aletafur, PI. 29a 2o (see note). b a 2 in rhombus, the, to God, Mech. 57 22, 58 ; a All, applied MXG. a a a 55 5, 13,15. 79 6; may be limited, 76 7; b Adder, see Viper. may have one form, 75 22, 25, a b b Adriatic, Mir. 36 7, 25, 39 3, 8, 76 i. 11, 18. Alluvial mining, Mir. 33^ 13-14, Aeacidae, Mir. 40** 7. 21-31. b b a Aegae, Vent. 73 2. Almond, almond-tree, PL 20 I, 2i a b a., a Aeneas, Mir. 36 17. 34.39 19; bi«er 2i 5 ; a. gum, b a a 1. Aenianians, Mir. 43 17. i8 5 ; Mir. 32 b b b Aeolian islands, Mir. 38 30, 43 6. Altar, of Artemis, Mir. 47 1 ; of b b Aethaleia (Elba), Mir. 37*26, 39 Jason, 39 16. 20. Alteration, in Being, MXG. 76b b Aetolians, Mir. 47 3. 29-34, 38. h b Affectionate disposition, Ph. g 35. Alum, Mir. 42 22. Agamemnonidae, Mir. 40a 8. Amber, Islands, Mir. 36s 34; from b b Agathocles, Mir. 40 23. black poplars, 36 4. Air, C INDEX I7 a 26; MXG. b a b 75*17, 76*14, Ape, Ph. io 3, n 26, u 9, 20, 23, b a 20. I2 9. Anaximander, MXG. 75*22. Apeliotes (E. wind), Mir. a 44 25 ; b a b Anaximenes, MXG. 75 23, 24. Vent. 73 13, 6. Anger, bodily expression of, Ph. Aphrodite, Mir. 38 a 24. 5*30, I2 a vocal expres- Apollo, 30, 35; Mir. 38° 24 ; temple in sion of, And. b 38; Ph. 7* Croton, b 4 15 ; 40*21, in Sicyon, 34 b see also Irascibility, Temper. 24, in Thebes, 34 2i. Angles, Mech. of circles, 5i b Apollonia, b 24, Mir. 33* 7, 42 14 ; Vent. a 38, 55 36; exterior a. of a 73*24. ' b parallelogram equal interior op- Apotome ', Lin. 68 19. posite a., b b 56 24 ; formed by Apple, apple-tree, Col. 96 13 b b limbs in rising from a sitting PI. I9 22, 2o 37. b a position, 2i ff ; in a triangle, Aquatic b 57 . animals, Col. 94 24, 99 51* Lin. of a square, 70* 12 14 ; ; see also angle, b a Acute Obtuse Arabia, Mir. 3o 5, 45 24. angle, Right angle. Arbutus, Col. 97*27. b b Animals, Col. colours of, 97* 33~99 Arc, of a circle, Mech. 49 I, 7, 16, b 19; Ph. physiognomy of lower 55 i3, 17. a a a b b a., 5 10-18, 9 26-io i3; phy- Arcadia, Mir. 3i 14, 42 6. siognomic inferences from lower Architecture, ancient Greek style a b a b b a., 5 20-28, 5 io-6 6,6 6-14, of, in Sardinia, Mir. 38 13. a b a a b 7 17-30, 8 3o-9 i, 9 5, 10*15- Ardiaei, Mir. 44 9. b a • I3 5 ; PI- absence of female sex Arethusa, fountain of, Mir. 47 3. a b in some a., i6 i8; are plants Argestes (NW. wind), Vent. 73 a a a. ? I5 19, i6 2 ; bred in snow, a b 25*3 ; compared with plants, i8 Argonauts, voyage of the, Mir. 39 b a a 17-21, 2, 19*18, 19, 2i io; I4~40 5. ' a b a b b s concoction ' in, 22 26, 29, 7, 28 Argos, Mir. 36 1 1, 44 23, 46 22. b b 10, 20 ; created after plants, I7 Aristaeus, Mir. 38 23. a ; of, 35 ff. embryo of, 17* 31 ; food Arm, Ph. 8 3l, 13*10. b b l6 l2 ff. ; hibernation, l8 25; Armenia, Mir. 31*4. lack of intelligence in some a., Arno (River), Mir. 37*24 (note). a a b i6 6, 10; muscles of, i8 2o; not Aromatic trees, PI. 20 26-29. a 13 found in Dead Sea, 24 26 ; nutri- Arrows, Mir. 30 22 ; of Heracles, of, a 40* poisoned, 12-23, with tive material 28 20 ; produced 19 ; 37* a viper's venom, 1-9. from decaying vegetation, i6 22 ; 45* respiration, absence of, in some Art )( nature, Mech. 47* 11-13, 21. b a b a., i6 27; sensation in, i6 i2; Artemis, temples of, Mir. 39 iS, a b b b ' sex in, i6 i8, I7 2; shape of, 40 19, 21, 47 I ; Orthosian ', a b 28 24 ; sleep and its causes in, 47 I- b a Articulation, vocal, \°3, I4> 1 33 ff. ; skin of, 1 1 9 ; superior Aud. b b to plants, I7 32. 4 3i- a b Animate )( inanimate, PL l6 9, 37, Asbamaeon, Mir. 45 34. b3ff- Asconian lake, Mir. 34*31, 34. b of, Col. 91* Phry- Ankles, Ph. 7 23, 10*24-27. Ashes, colour 5 ; Annuals, PI. i8b io, I9b i3. gian, as a remedy for eyes, Mir. b Antidote, to arrow-poison, Mir. 30b 34 3°- 20, 37*19-23; to leopard's bane, Asp, Mir. 45*11. a b Aud. 3i 5; to scorpion's sting, 44 Aspirated sounds )( smooth, a b b 8-n. 31 ; to snake-bite, 3i 28, 44 3C 4 a b Antiphon, quoted, Mech. 47* 20. Ass, Ph. & 35, 37, n 26, u 7-3i, b a 13* Mir. 31* 23. Antiphrasis, example of, Mir. 46 i2 8, 10, 32 ; b 27. Assiduity, Ph. u 6. Antlers, PI. i8b 24; Mir. 30*24- Astringent solutions, in dyeing, Col. a b2 94* 30. 3i 3) 35 8. 46* Anvil, Aud. 2b 42. Athene, Mir. 38*24, 40*31, ; ; INDEX • ', b ' 1 8 ; Achaean 40 2 ; Heile- easily moved than shorter, Mech. b 1-21 nia', 40*28, 34; statue of, by 52 1 ; of a swipe, 57* 35. Phidias, 46* 17-21. Base-breeding, Ph. 11*23. Athens, Mir. 34*12-16, 43 b I, 18, Bashfulness, Ph. 12*31. 46*6-8, 17-21. Basil, PI. 21*30. b b Atitania, Mir. 33* 7. Bath, vapour in, PI. 22 19-22, 24 1 Atridae, Mir. 40 7. 25-34. Augeas, Mir. 34b 27. Bay- tree, PI. 20b 4o. b b Aulus, the Peucestian, Mir. 36*5. Beak, Col. 97 2o; Ph. n*34- i. b Autariates, Mir. 44 10. Beam, of a balance, Mech. 50* 2 ff. b Avermis, Mir. 39* 13. 34, 52*21; of a steelyard, 53 Axe, b b Mir. 4o 2 ; Mech. 53 14-24. 29 m b Axle, Mech. 52* 33. Bean, Mir. 46 22. Bear, hibernates, Mir. 35* 30 Babylon, b b Mir. 35 7. none in Crete, 36 27 ; habits of b b a b Back,/^. 7 i7, i9 28, io 4, 9-i2, white Mysian b., 45* 17-23 ; b.'s 25-34, I2b 2I. grease, 35* 20. b b Bactrians, Mir. 33 14. Beard, Col. 97 3o; Ph. 8*23. b a b Baking, of horns, Aud. 2 1-5, 3 Bed, Mir. strewn with saffron, 4o 30, 33- 30 ; Mech. dimensions of, 56* 39- a b Balance, Mech. 48*3, 5o 34; con- 5 ; ropes of, why not stretched b trivances for cheating in the b., diagonally, 56 2, 5 ff. b b 49 35-39; equilibrium in the b., Bee-bread, Mir. 3i 2o. a 54 14 ; the steelyard is a half Bees, habits of, Mir. 32*3, 35* 22. b 5 b b., /. 53 26, 54* 3-8 ; why does Beet,/ I9 i8. a b. move more easily without Beetles, Mir. 42* 8 ; killed by odour a weight in it? 52*23-28; why of roses, 45 15 2. does the beam of a b. not rise Being, MXG. alteration in B. possi- b when the weight is removed, if ble, 76 29-34 ; assumption that the cord is attached to its lower things come into b. from what b surface? 50*5,21-29; why does already is, 77 21, 22, questioned, h the beam of a b. rise, when the J7 22 ff. ; assumption that B. is weight is removed, if the cord is necessarily inherent in things, attached to its upper surface ? 75* 36 ; common to the Many a b 5o 2-20 ; why are large balances and the One, 78 4 ; contrary b more accurate than small ? 48 1 o inions about, 79*13-18; de- b ff., 49 25 ff., 25*19. stroyed if it undergoes change, Balearic islands, Mir. 37* 30 (note). 74*22 ; cannot be destroyed, 75* b b Balsam, PL 20 28. 38; is eternal, 74*2, 7, 76*21, b Bapyrus, Vent. 73* 1 5. denied, 76 35 ; is unlimited, 74* b b a 'Barbarians', Mir. 36*12, 40*25; 9-1 1, 8, 22, 75 37> 76 4, 22, b b b barbarian language, 46* 32. 9, 79 22, questioned, 75 34 ff., 18* denied, b is b Bark, Col. as a dye, 94* 18 ; PI. 76 35 ; one, 74 7, b 7-9, 16, 19, 31, i2, 19*32, 20* 23, 76*19, 38, questioned, 76* b b 17-19, 21*11, I4,j27 26, 28, 29*1 21 ff., denied, 76 35 ; if B. is b aromatic, 20 27 ; Mir. of oak, an one, its motion is of the whole, a antidote to arrow-poison, 37* 19. 77 I ; is neither one nor many, Barking dogs, how silenced, Mir. ungenerated or having come into b 46 23. being, 79* 22 ; unity of B. no Barley, Thracian, edible by man more proved than multiplicity, b b only, Mir. 4i 4-8. 74 24 ; is similar ( = homoge- b Barren trees, fertilization of, PI. neous), 74* 13, 8, 76* 13 ff., ques- b 21*12. tioned, 76* 39, denied, 76 36 ; if Barrenness, of the great vulture, dissimilar, B. is many, 74* 13, 76* Mir. 35*4; of mules, not uni- 22, 23 ; is without motion, 74* b b versal, 35 I. 15, 80*1, questioned, 76 12 ff., b Bars, of a capstan, longer more denied/ 76 36 ; is ungenerated, , ; INDEX 74b a a a 23, 75 23,35,76 8,79 i7ff-. Blackbird, white in Cyllene, Mir. b ff. if b 2l ; anything is, it cannot 3i i4. have into a come b., 77 14 ; not Black Mountains, Mir. 46* 26. the result of a process of coming Blinking, Ph. 7*7, 37, 8* 1, 13*20. b b to be, 9 ; one B. may have Blood, Col. b 75 96* 15, 98 18 ; Ph. I3 76'' b several kinds, 2 ; the One PI- 7-33 ; 24 19- may change from b b B. to B., 75 Blue, Col. 94*12, 95 27, 96*17, things b 31 ; may pass into other 20 ; PI. in flowers, 28 35 ; Mir. modes of B., b 2i B. l 75 ; and not- 43 25- being, Gorgias's view of, 79*21 ff., Blue-grey, Col. flowers, 28b 37 cannot have the same nature, b leaves, 28 2 ; in trees, 29* 26. h 77 6, may have the same attri- Blushing, Ph. 12*31. a b b butes, 78 26-27, 27~30 ; B. Boar, wild, Ph. 6 9. b arising out of not-being, 75* 7, Body, Ph. b. and soul, 5* 1-18, 8 not produced not-being 1 a 17, from 1 -29 ; build of, 6 32, 8* 25, 30, A b b and vice versa, ; if B. is a 77 22 8, 9 10, 31, io 6, 14* 1-5 ; Lin. moved, not-being is not neces- joints in, 72b 31. 1 ' b b b sarily moved, 78 15, 16. Boeotia, Mir. 38 3, 42 3,5, 43 19. b b Bellows, Aud. o 1. Bold spirit,/"^. 12* 15, 2, 5, 24, 33; b b Belly, Ph. 6 18, 21, 7*33, 8 2, 9, see also Courage. b b b io 7-9, I2 i4, 16, I4 6. Bolinthus (bison), Mir. 30* 7. b Bennut-tree, PL 29 33. Bones, Ph. 7* 32. Berecynthius (Mt.), Mir. 47* 5. Bony substance, PL 20*37. a Berecyntias (E. wind), Vent. 73 Boreas (N. wind), Vent. 73* I, 7, 12. 24. Bow, Aud. ob 14. Birds, Col. colours of, see Beak, Bow and arrows, of Heracles, Mir. Combs, Plumage, Wattles; Aud. 40* 17. a b a cries of, o 26, o 23, 4 23 ; imi- Bowl of inflammable mixture, Mir. a b tate sounds, o 30 ; Ph. physio- 32 26. b a b gnomic inferences from, Ph. 6 1 1 Bows, of a ship, Mech. 5i 32, 36, 9. a b 20,10*21, 23, 31, 11*34, I2 8, Box-tree, Mir. 3i 23. b b a b I2 16, 21 ; Mir. 32 5, 36 33, Brain, PL 24 20. b b a Bramble, I9b 20*20. 37 17, 38 25, 39 23 ; hawking PL 9, b a a for, 4i 15-27; hibernating, 35 Branches, PI. i8 12, 19* 16, 18, 26, a b b 3i, 2i b 15 ; wise birds of Diomedeia, 36 30, 4, 7, 10, 2o 24; a 7-14. causes of variety in, 28 27 ; not Bisaltae, Mir. 42* 15. found in some trees and plants, Bison, Mir. 30* 5-25. 19*27, 20*20; shed each year, Bithynia (Thracian), Mir. 32*27. 19* 28. a b Bitterness in fruit, cause of, PI. 29 Brass instruments, Aud. l 9- 36 ff. Brave, see Courage. s1 b 4* 17. Bitumen, Mir. 41 33, 42 1 5. Breaking, of the voice, Aud. Bitys, avenged by his statue, Mir. Breast, see Chest. 46a 22-24. Breath, emission of, and voice, see a s1 b b Black, Col. 94 32, 96 2o- 2, 96 4, Voice. a b 92* 12, 16, 24, 97 2i, i4, 20, 28, 34, Brightness (of colour), Col. 15, a b b a b a 98 i-io, 26, 2, 10, 13-24, 99 28, 93*n,94 33- 7, 97 8- _ b b of, a b 9i Brimstone, Col. 92*27, 6; PL 19 ; conditions 9 io- 6, 93 a 15 17-92*1, 93 26-32, 94 28-95* 26* 4, 8. b b colour- Brine spring, Mir. 9-22. 10, 96*17, 97 2-7 ; in 44 b 2*37. blends, 92*8-14, 92 7, 93* 1-5, Bronze-work, Aud. b b b b Col. 92*27, x 94 3, 29, 95*3, 32, i8, 27-32, Brown, 94 5, 95 9» b 96*7, 10, 97*6; Ph. 7 19, 36, 97*6. a b b for drawing water, Mech. 8 17, 19, 5, 12* 12, i ; PI. Bucket, b a b6. b.-ness in plants, 20 20 ; in 57 36, 37, b Buds, PL 2i b 10. wood, 27 30 ; Mir. b. clothes, a a b why worn in Daunia, 40b 6-i5- Bull, Ph. 7 19, n 14, n 35; 645-8 5 ;; INDEX 11 b i also golden, Mir. 47 ; see Centre, Mech. 49 1, 13, 17, 19, 23, b a b Cattle. 24, 5o 36, 37, i6, 51*25, 34, b a b Burning alive, as punishment for i7, 19, 52 2i, 8, 14, 22,23,33, b b a b perjury, Mir. 34 15. 53 3i, 55 3°, 32, 2, 6; 10, 19, b b a a b Bushes, PL I9 i, 19; defined, I Q 6. 29, 56 25, 57 i4, 30, 58 i2, 19, Bushy tails, animals with, Ph. 8^35. 25. b a Buttocks, Ph. io 1-4. Ceos, Mir. 45 15. a Byzantium, Mir. 3i a 15. Cephalonia, Mir. 3i 19. Cerbes (River), Mir. 46b 38. Cabbage, PL I9b n. Cetus (River), Mir. 38s 12. s b Cadmeia, Mir. 35 1 1 (note). Chalcedonians, Mir. 34 18. a a Caecias (NE. wind), Vent. 73 8, Chalcidice, Mir. 42 5. b s- a i. Chalcis, Mir. 32 1, 42 5 (note). s b 32* Caldrons, Mir. 32 7, 45 35 ; mira- Chalybians, Mir. 23 ; C. iron, a b culous c. in Elis, 42 27-34. 33 22. b Callisthenes, Mir. 43b 8. Chameleon, Mir. 32 14. Camel, piety of the, Mir. 3ob 5-10. Chaos (in Hesiod), MXG. 75M2, b Cantharolethros, Mir. 42* 6. 76 16. b b Caphereus, Vent. 73* 22. Charcoal, Col. 9i 26, 92' 14, 92 b b a Cappadocia, Mir. 3i 2i, 35 1. 27 ; Mir. 33 25, 41*30. Capstan, Mech. 52*30, 33. Chariots racing on the sea, MXG. b a Carbanians, Vent. 73 4- 8o 12. h b Carbas (SE. wind), Vent. 73 4. Charisia or love-plant, Mir. 46 7. s a Caria, Mir. 44 35. Charms, against adultery, Mir. 46 Carriage (of body), see Gesture. 28-31 ; against demons and b b Cart, Mech. 52 12, 14, 18. spectres, 46* 33-37, 46 22-25 b b Carthage, Carthaginians, Mir. 36 against snakes, 45 23-32; against a b b s* 31, 34, 37 2, 5, i, 38* 20, 27, wild beasts, 46 31-33 ; love- a a b 4i io, 44 8, 10, 32. charms, 46 7-9. b Castanets, Mir. 39* 1. Chaste-tree, PL I9 21. b a Cat, Ph. 1 i 9. Chastity, test of, Mir. 4i 17. a Cataporthmias (E. wind), Vent. 73 Cheerfulness, see Good Spirits. 25. Cherries, PL 20b 13. a a b a Catarrh, Aud. l 16. Chest, or breast, Ph. 7 35, 33, 8 a b b a b a Catkins,/*/. i8 15. 22, 3, 9 6, 27, io 3, 23, 29, I2 a b Catmint, PL 2i 3o. 26, 14, 17 ; position of, in rising Cattle, Col. a b a sitting b 97 34, 98 20 ; Ph. n from posture, Mech. 57 23 b a 29, n 6, 10, 21, 28, 30, I3 32. 34 ; b b a b Mir. 41 5 ; Geryon's, 43 8, 44 Chestnut eyes, Ph. I2 3; see also prolific b 2 ; in Illyria, 42 27, in Yellow. a salt, b b Umbria, 36 20 ; require 44 Chian wares, Mir. 39 7. b a 19-23 ; wild c. of Paeonia, 42 Chick-pea, Mir. 46 35- also b 32-35 ; see Bull, Ox. Children, colour of hair, Col. 97 a a Caunias (NNE. wind), Vent. 73 24-29, 98 30-32 ; voice, Aud. b b 4,12. i 5, 3 i9. a b Caunus, Vent. 73 3, 4. Chin, Col. 97 30. b Causes, of Empedocles (love and Cilicia, Mir. 32 4. b b strife), MXG. 75 15. Circaean mountain, Mir. 35 33. b Cave, at Cumae (the Sibyl's), Mir. Circaeum, Vent. 73 20. a b 38 6 ; in Demonesus (with stal- Circias (NNW. wind), Vent. 73 actites), b at b 20. 34 31 ; Enna, 36 13 ; b b at Orchomenus, 38 5. Circle, Mir. charmed c, 45 23 b Cedar, Mir. 41* 15. Mech. 48 35, 49*3, 22, 36, 38, tin, b a Celtic Mir. 34* 7. 5o 4, 52 37 ; angles made by, b a Celtoligurians, Mir. 37* 7. 5i 24, 38, 5 36 ; inclination of, b a Celts, Mir. 37*7, 12, 14. 5i 28-35, 52 2, 7, 10; infinity a Centaury, PL 20 36. of smaller c. always describable, ; INDEX a I larger c. 52 ; moves more 91* 1-92*3,92* 32-34; mixtures quickly than smaller, b of,9i*ii, b b 58 9, 17, 92*4-94*i5,95 5-96 3, 28, move other objects more 97*20-26, 99 b 2-io; secondary easily, 52* 14-22, them- b 37-40, and tertiary, 92* 30- 32 ; causes selves b b move more easily, 5i of variety of, 93* 1-94* 1 10 37, 5, 97 ; when rolled trace longer paths, variations in purity of, 92* 5, a b 55 35; the c. is made up of 93*10, 93 14-30; variations in contraries, b 47 19-48* 3 ; marvel- strength of, 92*5, 93*1-9; ap- b lous properties of, 47 i7 ff. parent colour the predominant b b b motion of, 48*18, 52* 11, 55 8, hue of a blend, 93 29, 95 4, the 56* 8 ff. ; moves in two contrary resultant of light, translucent directions simultaneously, 48* 4, medium and colour of thing, 94* 22 ff. ; movement of one c. by 1 ; conveyed by tincture, 93* 24- b 56* 1 ff. b another, ; paths of large 2, 94*i6- n (see also Tinc- and small c. differ when rolled ture) ; modified by saturation, separately placed about b b and when 94 I2~99 20 ; of lower animals b the same centre, 55*28 ff. ; re- and men, 97*33~99 19; Ph. of b b volve in three different ways, 5i lower animals, 9 35, 10*6, 12* b b b 16-21 ; smallnessof contact of, 5 i 12-17, 3~i2; of men, 6 3-5, b 22, 52* 8 successive circles 2, 8*17, 25, ; 7 17, 19, 32, 20, 34, V b b b in whirling water, 58 6 ff. ; Lin. 8, I2*i2- i2, I3 12-36; PI. in b b 7i i6; see also A re, Centre, Cir- flowers, 28 34-37 ; in flowers and b b ; ctimference, Diameter, Radius. fruits, 20 17 ff. in leaves, 28 2 ; b Circular bodies, why easily moved, in plants and trees, 19* 2, 27 18 b b Mech. 5i 15 ff. ff., 28 15, 21 ff., 29* 24 ff. ; Mir. Circular process of things coming changeable, of chameleon, 32b b into being out of one another, 14; of elk, 32 9~i3 ; of polypus, :i b b ; of serpents, 10-15 MXG. 75 25-27, 32. 32 14 46 \ Circumference, Mech. of a circle, of Tmolus stone, 47* 9 ; MXG. b b b 5i i7, 52*4, n, 58 i3> angle perception of c, 8o ff. between diameter and c, 55*36, Colours, names of, Col. brown b (opcpvios), (xa\icoei8r]s) continual motion in, 5i 35; copper , b earth's c, angle formed with, 57 crimson ( INDEX s (xXwpos), purplish (nopcpvpifav), Mir. 36 26 ; c. and iron from yellow (£avdos). b one mine, 37 26-32 ; flower of c, of birds, Col. b 14. b for b Combs 99 34 30 ; good eyesight, 34 27- Combustion and colours, Col. 9i a 31 got by divers, b 22 ; 34 ; grown b b 3-7- as a crop, s* b 6, 18-24, 93 33 30- 3 ; Indian, Commensurate, lines, Lin. 68b 6-8, a b 34 1-5 ; mountain c, 34 25; b a 69 6-i2, 70* 1 ; indivisible lines white c, 35 9-i4. b b are c. 70*3; c. squares, 68 15, Copulation, of vipers, Mir. 46 i7- 70*2, 3. 21. b Communication, impossibility of Corcyraean jars, Mir. 39 8. a b (Gorgias), MXG. 79* 12, 8o 19 Cord, of a balance, Mech. 49 24, b a ff., i8. 27, 36, 52 20, 21, attached above, a b a Compassion, Ph. 8 33- 2. 5o 2, 7, 19, below, 50*5, 21, 34; s* a b Complex numbers, Lin. 69 14. of a pulley, 53 34, 37, 7 ; of a b a Complexion and hue of body, Ph. steelyard, 53 3i, 36, 39, S4 2, 7,8. a b a 6 29, 6^3-5, 7 2, 17, 32, 8M7, Corinthians, Ph. 8 3i. a b I2 b b 12- colour of, s 20, 34, 4-8, I2- I2, I3 Corn, Col. 97 19 ; famine 26. of, in Lacedaemon, Mir. 32 s1 20. h b Composite, lines, Lin. yo 7-9 Coronea in Boeotia, Mir. 42 3. b b magnitude, 68 26 ; time, 7o 9. Couch, as measure of area, Mir. b s a b b Concave, Mech. 47 25, 48 * 2. 30 i6, 34 8, 42 22. 1 5 a b a /, of, Concoction',/ process 22 27 Count, counting, Lin. 68 2, 69 3i ; s a b in the air, 25 29 ; in animals, 22 defined, 69 3. a b 26, 28 10, 20 ; in the earth, 25 Counterpoise in a steelyard, Mech. a b a in metals, ff. z6, 27 ; 22 26, 28, 31 53 34, 37, 54 5, 15- b b a in olives, 27 1 ff. ; in plants and Courage, Ph. 5 3, 25, 31, 6 1-4, a b a b b a b a trees, 22 26, 29, 4, 25 27, 8 ff., 6-i6, 27, 7 i8, 3i- 4, 9 28, a b a b a a 28 6 ff., 29, 7, 8 ; in stones, 22 l3, I2 i4, I4 3, 8; see also 28, 26a 27. Bold spirit. b a a Concord, Aud. 3 4o-4 8. Coverings, of fruit, PI. i8 34; of b a Conflict of sounds, Aud. i 15-20. plants, i8 37« b Congruity of feature with character, Cowardice and timidity, Ph. 5 26, a b a b b a argument from, 6-1 1 Ph. 9 13-18, 29, 6 8, 27, 7 8, 5-1 2, 8 1 , 9 a b a b b a a b a i° 34, 35. 9> 3°, " 2, 5> i3> 28, i3, io 23, n i6, 7, I2 13, a b l, b a 19, 24, I3 1, 18, 26, 33, 3, 17, 1, 4, 9, 29, 31 ; i3 2o; see a H 7- also Fear. s a Consumption, Mir. 46 3. Crane, Aud. o 26. Contact, of continuous things, Lin. Crannon, Mir. 42b 10. a a a 7i 26-30 ; of point with line, 72 Crastonia, Mir. 42 15. a b a 24-29, with point, 7i 27, 4~72 Crater, Mir. 46*9. a b b 6 ; of ' simples ', 7o 30, 7i 7, 23. Crathis (River), Mir. 46 34, 35. s b b s Contiguous, Lin. 71 26. Crete, Mir. 3o 2o, 35 2, 36 * 29, a a b a Continua, Lin. 69 34, 7i 16. 27 ; Vent. 73 2i. b a b Continuous, Lin. 68 23, 7o 24, 25, Crimea, PI. 2i 7. b b b 28, 71*18, 20, 2, 31 ; defined, Crimson, Col. 92*7, 9-14, 28, 2, b a a b b a 7i 29, 30; MXG. 8o 4. 10, 93 7, 24, 95 1,27, 29, 96 4, b b Contraries in the circle, Mech. 47 10, 14, 24, 29, 31, 96 4, 9, 15, 24, a a b 19 ff. 97 28, 99 10-14, 99 3- Contrary, predicates, MXG. 78b Crocodile, Mir. 3i a 12. b 7 ff. propositions, opi- Croesus, 1 ; 74 29 ; Mir. 34* 24. b a nions about Being, 74 i9, 79 13- Cross-bar, of stringed instrument, a 18. Aud. 3 40. b a Contrast, Col. 94 1-4. Croton, Mir. 4o 17, 20. h a Convex, Mech. 47 2$, 48 2. Crowns of olive at Olympia, Mir. a Cooking by volcanic fires, Mir. 34 i7- b a 32 29-33 4. Crows, tales about, Mir. 37' 20, b b b b Copper, Col. 93*19, 27, 6, 94 9; 42 1 o, 44 6. . ; INDEX b Cubit, Mech. 53*7, 8, 4. b 56 Desert, PI. 25*34 5 d. wind, i8 13. Cuckoo, habits of, b Mir. 3o n-i9. Desire in plants, PI. 15*22, b i6, 20. Cucumber, PI. 20* 38. Despondency, Ph. 13*33; see also Cumae, Mir. 38* 5-12, 39*12, 29. Low spirits. Cunning, a Ph. io 8. Determination, of character, Ph. a Curium, Mir. 45* 10. I3 4- Curved lines, Lin. yi h 2i. b Diagonal, Mech. 48 13, 23 ff., 49* Cuticle, Pi. 2ob 11. b 5, 54 2o, 25 ff., 55*1, 6; of a b Cyanos, Mir. 34 20. square, Lin. 70* 12-17. Cyclopes, Mir. 42 s* 1 1. Diagonally, bed-ropes not stretched, Cylinder, b b Mir. 46 4. Mech. 56 2, 5 ff. b Cyllene, Mir. 3i 14. Diameter of a circle, Mech. 48*21 Cymbals, Mir. 1 b 39* ff., 49*24, 37, 5i 28, 30, 52*13, Cyprus, Mir. a 32*22 «, 33*31, 45* 55 37- b 10. Diet, Ph. 8 23. Cyrene, Mir. 32*31, 35*33; Vent. Diomedeia, Mir. 36*7. 73*21, 22, b b 4. Diomedes, Mir. 36*8, 15, 16, 4o 3, b Cythera, Mir. 43 27. 20. Dionysius, the Elder, Mir. 38* 19; s1 b Daedalus, Mir. 36 27, 36, 7, 11. the Sophist,/*^. 8*16. Dancing, love of, Ph. 8*31. Dionysus, festival of, Mir. 42*26; Danube, see Ister. temple of, 42*18. Darius, Mir. 34*3. Discrete, doctrine that times and Dark, darkness, Col. 91*12; not lengths consist of d. elements, a colour, b b 9i 2 ; without definite Lin. 71* 16-20, denied, 7i 3, 4. b b size or shape, 9i 5 ; see also Dishonesty, Ph. 9* 28, 13. Black.; Mir. d. colour, 43* 25 Dissimilar, PI. division by d. parts, b b (£o(f)ep6s), 46 18 (nepKi/os) ; d. 18*22-29; MXG. 77*15, 23, rocks b 40*1. b d., b (Symplegades), 39 i4, 25, 8o 12 ; Being not 76 11, Dark-blue, see Blue. if Being is d., it would be many, Dates, of, b of d. colour Col. 95 26; PI. 74* 13 ; that which consists b 20*34, 2, 9, 21*22; see also parts is many, 76* 22, 23. Palm. Distance, apparent, of sounds, And. b b Daunia, Daunians, Mir. 40 1, 6. i*36- i. b Dead, worship of, Mir. 40* 6-26. Dittany, Mir. 30 21. Dead Sea, PI. 24* 26. Divers, raising copper, Mir. 24b Decay and generation balancing 2 3- b . . one another, MXG. 75 34. Division, PI. by similar and dissi- 8* Deduction, Ph. 7* 2-13, 9* 19-25. milar parts, 1 22-29 ; Lin. finite b b 68* 69* Deer, Col. 98*26; Ph. 5 i8, 6 8, number of divisions, 6, 7, b 7*20, 11*16, 2, 7. 9, 11, 13, 16; infinite number of, b b Deiope, Mir. 43 3. 68*4, 22, 25, 69*2, 3, 10; d. of b line is 72* ratio Delirium, Mir. 47 9. a a point, 28, 29 ; b Delphium (Mt.), Mir. 39 1. of d., 69*4; d. of time and length, b Demaratus, Mir. 47 7. 69* 30. b b b Demeter, A/ir. 36 25, 43 i. Doctor, Ph. 6*16, 8 23. b b Democritus, PI. I5 16; MXG. 75 Dodder, PI. 27* I. b a i9, 28. Dog, Col. 98 7, 20 ; Ph. 5* 17, 7 b b b b Demonesus, Mir. 34 18. 8 37, 10*21,28, 32, 5, u 32, b b Demons, charm against, Mir. 46* 37, 12*7, 10, 8, 24, I3 3; Mir. b b b b 36; cure for possession by, 46 22- 30*21, 36 18, 38 4, 4i 6, 45* 18, b of 22, 27, 46* 25, 23 ; wise dogs b Dense, density, PI. 22b 1 1 ff., 24*30 Daunia, 4o 5. b b b MXG. 75 26, 76 3 ff., 77*1. Dogstar, PI. 2l 5. Dentist, Mech. 54* 16, 29. Domed buildings in Sardinia, Mir b Depth, apparent, in pictures, And. 3 8 i 4 . b 1*32-36. Dorylaeum, Vent. 73 l5. ;; 7 INDEX a a 99*' also Eggs, PI. ff. ; Dove, Col. 93 15, 12 ; see 1 32 experiment Ring-dove, Turtle-dove. with, 24a 17. ' a b 1 Drawing of water with a swipe ', Egypt, PI. 2i 34, 8 ; Mir. 31* 1, a b a Meek. 57 34- 8. 45 n. a Dropsy, Mir. 46* 3. Egyptians, Ph. 5 27, 12M2; E. b a Drum, Mir. 38 34. trees, I9 l2. a Drunkenness, utterance in, Aud. Elaitic Gulf, Vent. 73 10. b b b i 6; facial signs of, Ph. 1 i 14, Elba, colour of pebbles in, Mir. 39 a I2 33, referred to, 5*4. 23-28. Dryness, in the earth, PI. 23b 28; Elbow, Ph. i3 a io. b b a in plants, i8 39, 26*34, 29 27, Elements, Col. colours of, 9i 1-92* b s 29, 40, 30*4, 3; in salt water, 3 ; transmutation of, 91 10 ; Lin. b b a 24 36; in the sea, 23 15. corporeal e., 69 21 ; e. of things a b a Ducts in plants, PL 26 36, 27 39, defined, 72 9, 10 ; are indivisi- a b a 28 5, 34, u, 17, 19,26, 28, 29, ble, 68 16; nothing is prior to b the e., a 29 36, 39- 68 1 5 ; points as e. of a b Dullness of sense, see Sense-percep- bodies, 72 10, 11 ; MXG. 75 12, tion. of, b 1 5 ; Democritus's view 7 5 28, eternal, b Dumbness, caused by hyaena, Mir. 29 ; are 75 5. a b 45 26 ; in madness, 47 8. Elephants, period of gestation in, s b b b Dyeing, Col. 94 i6- u, 95 10-20, Mir. 47 S. a Eleusis, b 97 3~8 ; see also Tincture, colora- Mir. 43 2. a b tion by. Elis, Eleans, Mir. 34 2i, 26, 42a a Dyes, sources of, Col. 94 16-30, b 95 11-21. Elk, Mir, y£° 9 (note). Elm, PL 28b 24. Eagle, Ph. a I2b 6 Mir. b Emathiotae, Mir. a n 37, ; 34 35 34. , a a 35, black e., 35 2, sea-e., 35 I. Embryo, PL 17* 31. Ears, Ph. I2 a 9-n. Emotion and quality of voice, And. b Earth, Col. natural colour of, white, 2*3, 4 38- a a 91*4; coloured by tincture, 9i Emotions, expression of, Ph. 5 6, a s b 8 b 5, 94 19 ; as a dye, 94 19 ; PI. 27-31, 3~9, 28-31, 36, 15-20, in, b of, a io, b a 3i, b io, dryness 23 28 ; element in 9 il 3, I2 4, 17,27, a a b b b x l plants, 22 12, 2, 23 2, 26 3i, 3 34 , see a so Facial expres- b b 27 28 ; naturally fresh, 23 20 sion. b a b a naturally lower than water, 23 3, Empedocles, PL I5 16, 16, I7 I, b a 24* 8 ; neither increases nor de- . 10; Lin. 72 29; MXG. 75 39, a b a creases, 22 39; Mir. hot in quoted, 75 1-3, 7-8, 10-11, 76 11 b Pithecusa, 33 15 ; refills holes in 33-37, 24-27- b b i3- Melos, 33 4 ; MXG. creation of, Enna, Mir. 36 a s ace. to Hesiod, 75 12; an eternal Enterprise, Ph. 13 * 7. a element, 75° 5 ; the universal ele- Envy, Ph. 7 7. a a ment, 76 18; its depth unlimited, Epeus, Mir. 4o 29. a ?6 32, 35- Epilepsy, cured by honey from box- b a 15 skin, Earthenware, Col. 9i 20 ; Aud. l tree, Mir. 31 25, by lizard's b a a a 2 ; from sea-calf, 28, 3, 4 34 Mir. 32 8 ; see 35 29, by rennet b also Pottery. 35 32. b a Earthquake, PI. 22 34, 38, 23 ff. Equal, the, is the mean between Mir. &* 27. the greater and the less, Mech. a b East wind, Mir. 44 2 5, Vent. 7$* 47 27. a 13 ff. Equilateral triangle, Lin. 70 9, 10. b Ebony, colour of, PI. 28 23, 24; Equilibrium, caused by a right s b b why it does not float, 23 27, 28 angle, Mech. 57 25 ; in the b 25, 26. balance, 54 14. Effectiveness, see Persistence. Eridanus (River), Mir. 36a 30. a a a a b Effeminacy, Ph. 8 10, I3 15. Erotic passion, Ph. 5 30, 8 36, 36. b Effrontery, see Impudence. Erythe, Mir. 43 3i. 2 ;, 9 , INDEX Erytheia, Mir. b 44* b a 43 28, 3, 5. Face, Ph. 7 is, 25, 33, 8 4, 8, 16, Erythrae, Mir. 38* 8. b b 17, 28, 30 5, 16, n 5-l 9 39, 3 , b a b Erythus, Mir. 43 30, 44 2. 12*31, i4 4. Eternal, if anything exists, it is e. Facial a b expression, Ph. 5 28- io, MXG. a a a b a b 74 2, 75 35, 76 2i, de- 6*29,^8,35, 7 u, 27,8 6, i5- nied, b the b b 7° 35 ; elements aree., 17, u 2, 5-12*5,27-36, 10, 26, b is & b a 75 5 5 God e., 77 23, 2 ; if I3 2I. all things come to be, how can Falconry, Mir. 4i b 15-27. they be e. ? 75*33; some exist- Falsehood and truth in cognition, b ents are e., 75* 38, 39, 4. MXG. 8oa ioff. a b Ethiopians, Ph. I2 13, 3i; PI. Fat, why it floats on water, PL 23* a 2o 5. 31 ff. s b Etna (Mt.), Mir. 33 17, 40*4, 46 Fatigue, Ph. 9* 10. 9- Fear, or terror, Ph. 5*7, 30, 9* 10, b a b Etruria, Etruscans, Mir. 37 26- I2 18, io; see also Cowardice. a 38 4 . Feathers, see Plumage. b a b Etrurian Sea, Mir. 39 2i, 43 3. Female, Ph. sex, character of, 6 b a a b b a Euboea, Mir. 46 36 ; Vent. 73 2 1 32-34, 3o- i4, 36-io 8, 19, 28, b b a 22, 2I. 37, u, 14, 28, 37, n 13, 14*1, Eudoxus, Mir. a 6. 47 9 ; see also Women ; PI. palm, b 20. a i5ff. their Eunuch, Aud. 3 2i ; plants, charac- b a b Euphrates, Mir. 45 10. teristics, I7 8, 2i 22 ff. ; see also b Euronotus (SSE. wind), Vent. 73 Sex. 6. Fennel, Aud. 3*41. b s Eurus (SE. wind), Vent. 73 2, 7. Fermentation, Mir. 32 10. b a a Excrement, PI. I7 19 ; Mir. 30* Ferocity, Ph. 7*14, 8 2o, n 14, a b b 18-25, 31*7, 35 i6, 4i 7. 2. Existents, coming into being out of Fertilization, of barren trees, PI. a a non-existents^XC 75 8; some 21*12; of palms, 2i i4ff. a b a e. are eternal, 75 38, 39, 4 Fibres, PI. i8 6, 11, 20, 19*35. may be limited in relation to one Field-mice, that live in water, Mir. a another, 76 3, 20, 21; see also 42*7- Being. Fiery colour, of skin (eTr«p\eyr)s), b Extremities of the body, Ph. 6 24, Ph. 12*26; of eyes (nvpudrjs), a b a also I2b see also Flame-colour. 33, 7 32 , 8> 8 22 ; see 7 ; b b a Foot, Hand. Fig, fig-tree, PI. i8 35, I9 5, 2o 34, b b a b Eyebrows, Col. 98*31; Ph. 9 20, 38, 2i 24,25, i5. b a a b 1 25-27. File, Aud. 2 38, 3 2, io. a i b Eyelashes, Col. 98 3 1 ; copper sti- Finger-rings, Aud. 4. b b mulates growth of, Mir. 34 29. Finite, Lin. 68*6, 7, 20, 23, 1, 3, b a b Eyelids, Ph. b 29, u 13-18, I3 69*7,9, 11, 13, 16, 27, 7o i3- 7 b 22, 25. Fins, fishes that walk on, Mir. 35 10. b b b7~i7 Eyes, colour of, black, Ph. 7 36, I2 Fire, Col. colour of, 9*3, ; b b in plants, 22* 14, 1, chestnut, I2 3, fiery, I2 7, PI. element of, a a b b ; brimstone, 26 ; Mir. grey, I2 4, mottled, I2 10, pale, 28 26 in 5 b a b modes of kindling, 32b 26-30; 7 23, lo i, I2 8, red, 12*35, b b ominous, s 18-24; volcanic, white, 10* I, I2 ; bright, 29, 42 5 7 b a b b b 40*1-5, 20-23, 42 20- 8 34, 6; gleaming, 7 i, 19, 9 33*1-23, b b b element, 68* 16 weak ; Lin. as an ; 19, I2 5; dull, 7 35 5 > 7 25 a h b i2; an eternal ele- 7, 8 9, 12; movements of, 7 7, MXG. 75 a b a ; the universal element I3 19-30 ; also referred to, 8 3, ment, 7 5 5 b a b b 16, 28, 30, 9 39> I2 35- i2, 76 l. b in colour-blends, Col. 92* I4 4- Firelight b b Eyesight, defects of, cured by cop- 10, 23, 93 l9- per, Mir. b 30, by gold-solder, Fire-mixture, Mir. yz° 27. 34 b b 2 see also Fire-proof stone, Mir. 33 27- 34 32, by sarissa, 47* ; b 23-27. Sight, Vision. Fire-stone, Mir. 32 29, 33* ; ; INDEX b a b Fish, amphibious kinds of, Mir. PL 18*16, 9, I9 39, 36 ff-, b b b b i3, 16, 26 29*28; ab- can nve m mu(*> ^» 2i 24, 4, 35 5-14 5 35 b are by the earth, sent in some plants, I9 31 ; 15-26 ; engendered b a leaves really fruit? 27*306*.; caus- 35 26; insensible to pain, 35 20; b a taken with tridents, 15. ingsleep,22*7; composition of, i8 37 b ff. ; edible Flame-colour (<£\oyoet8ijs), a lus- 31 ff. ; colour of, 20 17 b and inedible, 20 3ff., 26*136°.; trous crimson, Col. 92* 29 ; of 20* skin, Ph. 12*23; see also Fiery effect of locality on, 1 3; effect colour. on bowels, 22* 7 ; flavour in, of, 29* juices in, Flanks, Ph. 10*15. causes 36 ; b 20* ff. period of productive- Flattery, Ph. il 36, 13* 16. 29 ; b ness, 28b 4ff. poisonous, 22*7; Flavours, Col. 96 2i. ; b Flax, PL 31*32. produced after flowers, 28 32, be- Flesh, physiognomic significance of fore or after leaves, 27* 8 ff., b b position in plant, 19*96". condition of, Ph. 6*32, 22-24, 28 33 ; b b b b 20° 12, 8*25, 8, 10, l2, I3 i2- wild, 14, 23. 7 9 b 26; of plants, PL 18*6, 19*36. Fulcrum, Mech. 50*35, 38, 2, 6, 7, b Fleshiness, Col. 98b n. 11, 14, 16, 33, 39, 5i i> 4, 5, Fleshy substance, PL 18*33, 20*37 53* io, 11, 13, 15, 18, 22, 29, b 54*10, 13, 23, 28, M, 8, 10, 12, ff., 5 . b 13, 18. Flowers, Col. as dyes, 94* 17 ; col- 57 b b Fungi, PL 19*31, 25b i7. ours of, 94 13, 96 6-97* 13 ; PL b b 18*15, 9, 19*38, 25*19, 20, 28* Fur, PL l8 25. b 18; absent in some plants, 28 37 Furnace, for iron-smelting, Mir. i>2 b b 5-3 1 ' aromatic, 2o 27 ; colours of, 2o 33 b b 35-4* 8. 17 ff., 28 34-39; composition of, Fusion, Aud. 3 b b 28 3o; of olives, 27 3; produced before fruit, 28b 32. b Flower-honey, Mir. 3i 18. Gades, Mir. 44* 24. b b a Foam, as a dye, Col. 94* 20 ; PL Gait, Ph. 7 34, 8*6, 14, 9 3*, I3 b 23 i3> 15- 3-20. Folly, Ph. 11*25. Gaius, Mir. 36* 5. b Foot, Ph. 9 9, 10*15-24, 13*14, Gamblers, Ph. 8*31. b b I4 6 ; see also Extremities. Garden, plants, PL I9 28, 21* 1, b Footprints, of Heracles, Mir. 38* 33. 21 ; trees, I9 36, 21* 1, 24. Fop, Ph. 13*22-26. Gargaria, Mir. 40* 27. b b b Forehead, Ph. 7 2, 12, 8*2, 9 20, Geloni, Mir. 32 7. b b b io* 1, n 28-i2*5, 34, I4 4. Generation and decay balancing b Forepart of an object travels fastest, one another, MXG. 75 34. b Mech. 51*7-10 (and note). Generosity, Ph. 9 34. Form, no change of, in the One, Genital organs,^//r. 31*26; of mar- b MXG. 74* 20 ; one f. may con- ten, 3l i. b b stitute the All, 75 22. Gentleness, Ph. 8*24-27, 9 35, b b Fox, Ph. 12* 17 ; tale of a, Mir. n 28, I3 4. 38^3-11. Genus )( species, PL 16* 13 ff. Frame, of a bed, Mech. 56b 6. Germans, Mir. 46b 30. Frankincense, PL 18*5. Geryon, Mir. 43 b 28. Freezing, does not alter volume of Gestation, Mir. 47* 5. b b honey, Mir. 3i 3i ; melts Celtic Gesture, of body, Ph. 6*29, 28, 37, b tin, 34*9-11. 7*32, 5, 10,27,31,8*6, 11,20, Friction, Mech. 52*8, 32, 33. 26; of limbs, 8*14, 13*10. a b b Frogs, Aud. o 26 ; Ph. io 16 ; f. Geyser, Mir. 34 8-n. silent in Cyrene, Mir. 35* 33, in Giants, Heracles and the, Mir. Seriphos, b sea-f., b 35 3 ; 35 13. 38*29. b Fruit, Col. as dyes, 94* 19 ; colours Gills, of fish, Mir. 35 14. of, b b 18. 94 2o, 95*26-97*14, 98 5> Glass, Col. 94*5 ; PL 23* b 99*9-14; flavours of, 96b 2o; Gluttony, Ph. 8 b 2-4, lo 17-20. ; 6 INDEX Goats, Col. b 2o; b b b b a 98 Ph. I2 7, 14, 6, 3T 9, 39 24> 4o 5, 27, 42 28, b b b b I3 6; tales of g., Mir. 30 2o, 43 n,45 i5. b b 31*19, 42 29, 44 2-5. Greek architecture in Sardinia, Mir. b Goatberry, PL I9 2i. 38b i3- a God, MXG. 77 15; is eternal, Green, bright, Mir. &,€° 13 {xkoa- a b s* 23, 2, neither limited pale, (xXcopos) ; see 77 19; fav) ; 34 14 nor unlimited, 77* 3, 20, criti- Herb-green, Leek-green, Yellow- a b cized, 78 i6- i4; neither in green. • b b motion nor at rest, 77 8-20; Greenness in plants, PL 2o i9, why should not G. move into 27b i8ff., 29a 25. something else or his parts re- Grey, Col. a mixture of black and a a a b volve? 79 3; if G. is a body, white (ftot), 92 8, 95 33, 97 I, there is he should hair (noXimais), no reason why 7 ; greyness of a a a b (yXay- not move, 79 8, 9; is One, 77 24, 98 13, 22, i4, 25 ; eyes b b b 34-36, 2, 9, 19, 78 7, 8, mean- kos), Ph. I2 4; origin of g. in b ing of the One as applied to G., plants, Ph. 28 i5ff. ; see also a 79 1 ff.; is similar and sees and Blue-grey. a b hears in every part, 77 37-39, Grief, Ph. 8 15. b a a a i, 19, 78 12-13, criticized, 78 Grin, Ph. 8 17. b a 3-7; is spherical, 77 i-3, *9, Groin, Ph. 8 23. b criticized, 78* 7—15, cannot be Grubs, Mir. 31 7, 9. b spherical, if incorporeal, a Gudgeon, Mir. 14. 79 7 ; 35 s a b a b - PL 2i supremacy of, 77 24-33, 78 9, Gum, Mir. 36 5, 44 *4 5 a b a a g.-arabic, i8 5. 13, criticized, 77 27~78 4; no 40, 29 15-23 ; b more ungenerated than anything Gut, Aud. 2 17. b else, 77 24. Gyaros, Mir. 32* 22. a Mir. Gold, Col. 93 i8; Mir. alluvial, Gymnesiae (Balearic Isles), b gold-solder, b a 30. 33 14-17 ; and 34 37 a 21 ; eaten by mice, 32 24 ; for- Isles, b Hair, conditions of colour in, Col. bidden in Balearic 37 3 ; a b a b as a found in nuggets in Bactria and 94 23, l2, 97 33-99 *9 5 b Ph. 6a b6- Paeonia, 33 6-l4; grows at physiognomic sign, 30, a a b a 26, Philippi, 33 30, and in Pieria, 21, 7 3i, 4, 18, 8 19, 23, b b a b 18-21 coin, PI. 23* 21, 24. 22, 24, I2 l4-I3 2; human, 33 ; 9 b b b of animals, l8 i4; of Golden, bull of Artemis, Mir. 47 1 PL i8 i4; a Mir. 32*7-16. colour, Col. 93 13, 26. elk, changes colour, b Lin. 68a 19. Gold-solder, Mir. 34 20. Half-way point in a line, b instance of, Mir. Good moral character, Ph. 7 33- Hallucination, a b b 8 2, 1. 32 17-21. b b b 8M4, Good natural parts, Ph. 6 5, 23, Hand, Aud. o 8; Ph. 7 9, b a b b i3a io; joints in, Lin. 72* 32; see 7 12, 8 37, io 34, 1 i 21. Good spirits, or cheerfulness, Ph. also Extremities. b a Hanno's ' Circumnavigation ', Mir. 5 7, 8 2-7- b a 11. Goose, Aud. o # 33 23 b Gorgias, his views stated, MXG. Hardness of heart, Ph. 8 2. b b a a b 26 ; Ph. 26, 8, 79 11-33, criticized, 79 34~8o Hare, Col. 98*25, 5 a with two livers, 21. 7 2i ; Mir. 3b* 19; b a Grafting, PI. 2o 34 ff. 42 16. l b a of, Harmony, or symphony, Aud. Grapes, PI. 2o 30 ; colour Col. a b b b 28. 20, 4 2. 92 8, 95 25, 96 b a b Ph. I2a 21, I3 7. Grass, Mir. 32 1, 42 23- Hastiness, a Grasshopper,^^.4a23;AfzV.35 24. Haunches, see Hips. b 3o~39a 11. Grease, Aud. 2b 22. Haunted tomb, Mir. 38 a a 2o; used in hunting, 'Great', as a predicate, Lin. 68 3, Hawk, Ph. l3 a 'greater', as a Mir. 41*15-27. 5, 69 5, 6, 11 ; antidote for arrow-poi- predicate, 72b 12. Hawkweed, a a s* son, Mir. 20 n. Greece, Greeks, Mir. 32 1 1, 36 11. 37 9 INDEX a b b Haziness, Col. 94 2, 95 19. Hips, Ph. 7* 37, 9 7, 29, 10* 4. a b Head, Ph. 8 i3, 9 5, 24, 12*6-9, History of Sicily, by Polycritus, b b I4 4. Mir. 40 32. Healing fountain, at Scotussae, Holm-oak, PL 2i b 2o. b b b Mir. 4i 9-i4. Homer, Mir. 39 33, 40 15. Hearing, sense of, Aud. 1*21-40, Homicide, Mir. 32*17; homicidal b b b b I5-22, 25-30, 2*12, 3o, 3 s, mania, 46 28. b 2-37, 40-4*8; MXG. 8o 5, 15, Homogeneous, see Similar. b in God, 77*36, 78*4, 9, 13; does Honey, tales about, Mir. 3i i8- b b not recognize colours, 8o 6 ; ob- 32* 13 ; h.-balls, 3i 28 ; h.-comb, b jects of, exist because they are 3l 2i,32*6; h.-pale, Ph. 12* 19. 80* b solid, cognized, 13. Hoofs, Col. 97 19 ; swine with Heart, the seat of intelligence, Ph. Mir. 35*35. b I3 9, n. Horizontal, Mech. 52* 27, 28, 34. b Heat, necessary in dyeing, Col. Horn, The (in India), Mir. 35 5- b in Horns, of, Col. b 2o; 94*26, 95 16, 97*7 ; matura- colour 97 as b b b tion, ib. 95*24-28, 95 8, 98 15, musical instruments, And. i 9, sensation of, 2* a a their selection 23-27 ; Aud. 13 ; 3 33, 4 38, and 2* b h. and cold in the body, propor- preparation, I7~ 14 ; of bison, b tions of, Ph. 9*7, I3 6~35 ; stimu- Mir. 30* 12-16 ; of Paeonian wild b b lates sense of pain, Mir. 35* cattle, 42 34 ; of stag, 30 24- 17-21. 31*3; see also Antlers. 6* a b Heavenly bodies, PL 1 24. Horse, Col. 97* 34, 98 6, 7 ; Aud. a b Hecate, mysteries of, Mir. 47* 6. o 25 ; Ph. 5* 16, io 33, 13* 12 ; b Hedgehog, habits of, Mir. 31*15, Mir. 30*10, 46 35 ; the wooden b 32 3, 35*26. h. of Troy, 40* 30. Heilenia, meaning of, Mir. 40* 27- Hot substance, in tin, Mir. 34* 11. b 35- Hot temper, Ph. 6 3, 26, 8* 2, 37. b b Helice, Mir. 30 11. Hunting, love of, Ph. io 5 ; bears, b Hellas, Hellenes, see Greece, Greeks. Mir. 45* 17 ; hares, 36 18 ; leo- b lions, 45*28- Hellespont, Mir. 39 3, 6 ; Vent. pards, 31*4-10; 73*23. Hellespontias (E. wind), Vent 73* Husks, PL 20b 29. 21. Hyaena, paralysing power of, Mir. Heneti, Mir. 4i b 28-42*4. 45*24-27. b b Hens, lay well in Ulyria,Mir. 42 3i. Hypate, Mir. 43 16. Hera, Mir. 38* 17, 24. Hypnotic influence of snakes, Mir. Heraclea, in Italy, b Mir. 40* 12 ; in 45 23-32. b Pontus, 35 15. Heracles, fables about, Mir. 34* 16, b b a b 26, 37 6, 38 28- 2, 18, 20, 40* Iapygia, Mir. 38* 27-34. b pillars of, b Vent. b 17, 43 27 ; 33* 10, 36 Iapyx (NW. wind), 73 13. a b 30, 44*25; road of, 37 7-n; Iberia, Iberians, Mir. 33 15, 37* b b a sons of, 38 16. 8- 6, 44 4. b b b Herb-green, Col. 93 24, 94 2o, 24- Icarus, an island, Mir. 36 11 ; son a b 29, 95 i> 17,31,96*1, 14, 16, 6, of Daedalus, 36** 9. 97*24, 99* 12. Ichnussa, old name of Sardinia, b Herbs, PL I9b i8, 2i 28, 28b i5 Mir. b 20. ; 38 b a defined, 1 11. Ichor, Mir. 38 29. b a 10 line, Hercynian wood, Mir. 39 9. Idea, defined, Lin. 68 ; of a a a Hermes, promontory of, Mir. 44* 7. 68 9, 69 i7, 21. a Hesaenus (mountain), Mir. 30* 5. Ideal, line, Lin. 69 17, is indivisi- b a Hesiod, MXG. 75* 11, 76 16. ble, 68 10; the i. square, triangle, b a Hibernation,/*/. i8 25; Mir. 35* plane, solid, 68 12, 13. a a 15-33, 45 U- Idyreus, Vent. 73 6. h Hip-joint, Ph. 7 2i. Idyris (NNE. wind), Vent. 73*7. a Hippos, promontory of, Mir. 44* 8. Ilissus, Mir. 34 l8. 7 ; INDEX Illiberally, or miserliness, b Ph. 9* name, 7o 28-30, is ultimate, 7ob 11*4, b i b 23, n 2 , I2 i. 37. 25 ; lines are all commensurate Illusions of depth and distance, in length, 70* all lines are made a b 3, And. i 32- i. b up of i. lines, 7o 18, three com- b Illyrians, Mir. 32*5, 42 44'' 9. bined 27, in a triangle, 70* 9 ff. ; the b Imbecility, Ph. n 23. ideal line must be i., 68* 1 1 ; a Imitation, vocal, And. o* b 25-29 (by point is not an i. joint, 72 25-31 of ; men animals), 30 (of birds). if there is a line between points Immobility, Ph. 12*19; see also in a line, the unit-line will not be b Obstinacy. i., 7o 20. Impact as a cause of sound, And. Ineffectiveness, see Persistence, lack 0*1-16, b b 21, 33, 2, 1*8, 24, 27, of. 2*10, b 18, i7, 27, 30, 3*12, 35, Infinite, infinity, Lin. 68*4, 21, 22, b i, b b 2-15, 25-4*5, , 13-15. 26, 22, 69* 3 3, 25, 1,2,4, 10, 1 5, 28, Impudence, or effrontery, b b b Ph. 5 3, 31, 32, 7o io, 11, 13, 72 3i, 32; b b 7 28-33, 8 2, 9*21, 10*20, 33, infinity of lesser circles describ- a a b ll I2 8, 8, 18, 22. 35, able, Mech. 52* 1 ; see also Un- Incidentally, Lin. 72* 18, 24. limited. b Inclination, of a circle, Mech. 5i Infra-sternal notch, Ph. iob 17. 2a2 28-35, 5 > 7, 10; of weights, Ink, Col. 94* 20. 52*28. Inscribed pillar at Hypate, Mir. Incorporeal, b a MXG. 79*7. 43 i5-44 5. India, Indians, b b Mir. 34* 1, 35*6, 5. Insensibility to pain, Ph. 8 37 ; of Indivisible, Lin. the elements are fishes, Mir. 35* 20 ; of hibernating i., 68*16; i. lines, 69*18, 70*1, birds, 35* 17. b 15, 21 ff., 4, arguments in favour Insolence, Ph. 8^35, 13*31. of, 68* [ b b b -31, answered, 68 2i-69 Instability, Ph. 6 23 ; see also Per- 26, further consideration and sistence, lack of. b b criticisms of, 69 26-70* 33, vari- Intelligence, Ph. lack of, io 32 ous impossible consequences of organ of (the heart), i3b 9-33! h b the theory, yo 1 ff., their existence parts indicative of, i4 3-9; Pl.'m b argued from the statements of plants, I5 17 ; lacking in certain b mathematicians, 68 4, proved to animals, 16*6, 10. b b conflict with mathematics, 69 29, Intermittent, insanity, Mir. 32 2l- b b 70*18; the theory of i. lines 25; springs, 34*34- 2, 34 4~n, b makes it impossible to construct 44 n, 47*4- a square on every line, 7ob 21-23, Invisible fire, Mir. 33* 8. makes the limit of a line a line and Iolaus, Mir. 38** 15. not a point, 7ob 23-28, necessitates Ionians, Mir. 40*13. b the existence of i. planes and Iphicles, Mir. 38 15. solids, 7ob 3o-7i*3, entails that Irascibility, Ph. 6 b 3i, 7*5, 11*31, part of a line is not a line, nor of a 12*26, 29, 36. b plane a plane, 71*9-10 ; the i. line Iris (plant), Col. $6 26. b in a composite magnitude, 68 25, Iron, Col. 93* 19 ; i.-work, And. a 1 alluvial in 26, is not between two points and 3 ; Amisus and Cha- 1 b ' 21-31 eaten by has no middle, 69 33, 34, proved lybia, Mir. 33 ; b to be divisible, 7o*26- 6, 12, mice, 32* 22 ; found in copper- b admits of an infinite number of mine, 3 26-32. b divisions, 69* 2, can be bisected, ' Irrational' lines, Lin. 68 18, 21. 70*29^4, square on, 70* 6-8, ' Is ' in its copulative )( existential b is neither finite nor infinite, 7o sense, MXG. 79* 35 ff. n-13, contains no point, 7ob Island of the Carthaginians, be- 15-17, if it contains one point, it yond the pillar of Heracles, Mir. b 6. is a point ; if more, it is divisible, 36 30-37* b b 7o 16, if it contains points, there Ismenium, Mir. 43 2i. will be nothing between them, or Issus, Gulf of, Vent. 73*17. b b b a line, 7o 19, is a point in all but Ister, Mir. 39 9, 15, 46 29 9 ; ; INDEX a a I stria, Mir. of, PI' 18* 39*34. 97 15-30, 99 11 ; 15. b b a b b Istrus, Mir. 45 8. 29. 30, 9> I9 38, 40, i2, 2i 25, b a b Italy, 38* b 1. Mir. 34* 3, 35 33, 37 7, 25* 16, 19, 20, 8, 26 28 ; are a a 20* 5, 8, 3i. 39 12, 26, 40*27, 43*5, really fruit? 27 3off. ; cleft, b b ; Vent, grey, 28 of 21* 45 4 71* 19. 15 ; 2 ; palms, 14 ; b a Ivy, Col. 96 11 ; .A/zV. 3i 2. position of, in plant, 19* 9, 10 produced before or after fruit, 27a ff. ; 20* of, Jackdaws, ominous, in Venetia, 8 rough, 1 5 ; shedding b b b Mir. 4i 28-42*4. i8 27, I9 34, 28* 32 ff. ; smooth, b Jason, Mir. 39 13-20. 2oa 16. b b b Jaws, Ph. 7 24, 9 1 7. Leek-green, Col. 95* 3, 9, 99 4. b b b Jealousy, Mir. 46* 29. Leg, And. o 8, 4 14 ; Ph. 7 8, 21, a Joint, joints, in plants, PL 20 b 3o, I4b calf of, a 19 ; 25, 9 37, 6 ; 7 37, in the body and hand, Lin. h b b ioa a position J2 6, 9 8, 29, I3 15 ; b 31 ; nature of aj., 72 26, 27, 29; of, in rising from a sitting posture, b b no j. in stones, 72 33 ; a point Mech. 57 22, 33, 34. is not an indivisible joint, 72° 25- Length, divisible in bulk and dis- if line 33 ; a point were a j. a and tance, Lin. 69* 25 ; infinite and b a plane would also be j., 72 28. finite, 69* 29. Jowl, Ph. 12*33. Leopard, see Panther \ l.'s bane, b Joy, Ph. 8 iS. Mir. 31*5. fruits, a b Juice, in PL 2o 29ff. ; in Leprosy, Col. 97 15. b a b plants, 2i 4o; milky, 29 4ff. Lesbian wares, Mir. 39 7. oily, 27 a 13 ft, 29a 5ff. Lesbos, Vent. 73*8, b2i. a Justice, or uprightness, Ph. 9 28, Less prevailing over greater, Mech. b a i i 2, 8. 22. 3 , 35, 4 47* b b Lethargy, Ph. 6 25, n 10, 20, 30, s a Kitchens, Mir. 33 3. I3 5- a Kites, wise, in Elis, Mir. 42 35. Letters, ancient, on inscribed pillar, b Knee, wood broken across, Mech. Mir. 43 1 5-44* 5. 52b 22-28. Leucadians, Ph. 8*31. a b a Knock-knees, Ph. 8 13, 8, io 34. Leucippus, MXG. 8o* 7. a h Knot, in wood, PL I9 l4; Mech. Leuconotus (SSW. wind), Vent- 7$ b 49 38- 10. a Knowledge, Ph. 6 15-18. Leucosia, the Siren, Mir. 39* 33. b b Lever, Mech. 48* 14, 5o 13, 53 12, Lacedaemon, Mir. 32 a 18. 54*13; elements of, 5oa 37; a b Lacinium, Mir. 38 17. double 1., in the axe, 53 24, in the a b Lacrimosity, Ph. 8 35. nut-cracker, 54*37~ i5, in tooth- s Laertidae, Mir. 40 7. extractor, 54*22-32, in wedge, Lakes, marvellous, Mir. 34*31-34, 53*21-31 ; large weights raised b a b a 36*30-34, 37 8-i5, 39 12-15, by, 5o*3°- 9) 53 39, mast as a b a b 4o 32-4i 9. 1., 51*40; oar as a 1., 5o n; b Lampsacus, Mir. 42 8. plank as a 1., 53*9-17; piece of Lance, Mir. 1. b problems of 47* wood as a 1., 57 12 ; b b b b Lasciviousness, Ph. 8 5, n i, I2 the 1., 47 10-15 '> pulley as a 1., b b i 5o 11, 13- 53* 39, ; rudder as a 1., 31 ; s b Laughter, ghostly, Mir. 39 1. in steelyard, 53 30, 54* 10. a b b Lava-stream, Mir. 33 i7, 21, 40* Lewdness, Ph. I2 7, I3 5- 5 ; spares the pious, 46*9-16. Libanus, Vent. 73* 1 5. a b b Laziness, or placidity, Ph. 7 l6, Liberality, Ph. 9 34, n*l~3, I2 b 11*28, 5. 22, 35. a Lead, Mir. 34*8, 35*7; used to Libya, Mir. 44* 3, 6, 46 38 ; Vent. b b weight balance, Mech. 49 36 ; to 73 ll. b b s weight 'swipe', 57*35, 4, 6; Lichen, Col. 9i 26, 92 * 1. white 1., MXG. 78* 10, 15. Life, in animals and plants, PL 15* Leaves, Col. as dyes, 94* 19 ; colours 10-13, l6*22ff. ; INDEX Ligeia, the Siren, Mir. 39* 33. divisible into points, 72* 6-1 1 ; Light, the colour of fire, Col. b 9i 7- if a 1. consists of points in contact, in mixtures, 17; 92* 10-15, 28, the circumference of a circle will b a b a 22-3o, 1-5, n, 1 1 93 5~94 5 ; touch the tangent at more points sensation of, a b Aud. 2 12 ; see also than one, 7i 15-20 ; a 1. cannot Firelight, Sunlight. b consist of points, 71*6, 3, 19, 26, Liguria, Mir. b 16-25. 72* 37 12 ; points in a 1. must touch Limit, of Being, MXG. b b 75 37; or not touch, 7i 26-31 ; if a point nature of b 1., 78*18, io-i4; the touches a 1., it is not in contact h One has no 1., ; a yy 8 sphere with it, 72* 24-27 ; a point cannot s must have 1., 76 11, 78*21; a be subtracted from a line except thing which is ungenerated may incidentally, 72* 13-24, is not the b have a 1., 76* 11 see also 75 38, ; smallest constituent of a 1., 72* Unlimited, b Infinite. 3o- 24 ; see also indivisible lines, Limitation, mutual, of the Many, Non-indivisible lines, Straight b MXG. 77* 7, 8, 78 2. line, Points in a line. Limited, existents, in relation to one Lion, b b b Ph. 5 18, 25, 6 9, 7* 18, 9 another, MXG. 76*3, 20-21 iob b ; 15-36, 5, 11*15, 33, 27,34, b God is neither 1. nor unlimited, 12* 16, 6, 24, 34, 36, 13*14; h 77 3, 20 ; things may be 1. though foods poisonous to, Mir. 45* 28- the whole is unlimited, 76* 5. 34. Line, Mech. lines described by 'Lion-killer', Mir. 45*28-34. b movements of points in a rhom- Lip, Aud. i 39; Ph. 8*32, n»i8- b bus, 54 17 ff. ; enclosing circle, 28. b Lin. b b b 47 24; 68*19, 22 » *3> l8 > Lipara, Mir. 32 29, 33* 12, 15, 38 a a b 69 i» 2 , I3> 7o 4> 21, 6, 21, 23, 31- a b b 7i*3,72 8,30, 26, 28; commen- Lips (SW. wind), Vent. 73 n. b b surate lines, 68 6-8 ; definition of Lisping, Aud. l 7. b ' a 1., 69 31 ; 1. Ex duobus no- Liver, Mir. 42* 16. ', b b minibus 68 19 ; the idea of a 1., Lizard, climbs trees, Mir. 3i 6; 68* 9, 69* 17, 21 ; the ideal 1., 69* sloughs and swallows its skin, 35* b 17, is indivisible, 68*10; 'irra- 26; star-1., 45 4-7. b tional'lines,68 i8, 21 ; 'rational', Localization of sounds, Aud. 0*21- b b 68 15,18, 21; a 1. compared with i. b a space of time, 71*16-20, 3 Locrian, Mir. 47*7. & a 1. is a magnitude, 71*20; a 1. Locusts,Aud.4 23; eaten by moles, b b is made up of indivisible lines, Mir. 47 4; fight scorpions, 44 b 1. 70 18 ; a admits of two modes 23-3I- h of conjunction, 70* 20-2 ; every 1. Loins, Ph. 7 g, 25, 8*15. can be divided equally or un- Long objects, more difficult to carry equally, 70* 26, admits of bisec- than short, Mech. 5 7* 23 ff. b b tion, 70* 29, if not finite has two Loquacity, Ph. 6 18-21, 8 8, 10* b b terminal points, 7o 10, 72*21; 3i, i5- if one 1. is superimposed on Love, Ph. 5*7; (in Hesiod), MXG. another, the breadth is not in- 75*13; see also Erotic. b creased, 71*23-24 ; if 1. consists Love-charm, Mir. 46 7-9. 8* of simples ', composite time must Low spirits, Ph. 7-1 1 ; see also also do so, 7ob 9; if indivisible Despondency. lines exist, part of a 1. is not a 1., Lucanians, Mir. 38* 10. 71* 9, one 1. will be longer than Lungs, and quality of voice, Aud. b b another by a point, 7i*loff. ; a o*2i,3i- i9, 1*13, 3*13, 4 13- 1., if it consists of one point only, 26. . b Lusi, b 6. is a point, 7o 15 ; if a 1. consists Mir. 42 b of points, point will be in contact Lustre, Col. 92*28, 7, 93* 11-16. b with point, 7i b 4-16, there will no Lycia, Mir. 42 25. longer be straight #« INDEX ' Lye-mixture, Col. 91*8, 94*22. Maricus ', easily ignites, Mir. 33* Lynx, Mir. 35** 29. 27. b Lyrantians, Vent. 73*8. Marjoram, PL l8 38, 20*35 5 Mir. b Lyre, Aud. i i8. 31*28. b Market, Mir. 39 5. Macalla, Mir. 40* 1 7. Marksmanship of the Ligurians, b b Macedonia, Mir. 33" 28, i8, 35* Mir. 37 17-20. b s 34, 42 17- Marseus, (E. wind), Vent. 73 19. 1 a b Mad ' vine, Mir. 46 38. Marsh plants, PL 26 10 ff. a Madness, caused by box-tree honey, Marsus, Vent. 73 19. b b Mir. 3i 24, by 'sound-minded' Marten, Mir. 3i 1. b b stone, 46 28, by 'sword-stone', Massilians, Mir. 37* 28, 8. a of, b b a 47 5 ; tales 32 17-25, 47 Mast, as a lever, Mech. 5i 4o; m.- b 8-10. socket, 51*40, 5. Maeander, Mir. 46b 26. Mathematics, mathematicians, b b Maedica (in Thrace), Maedi, Mir. Mech. 47*27; Lin. 68 4, 69 9, a a 3o 6, 4i 27. 13,29,70*19. b a b Magnitude, Lin. 68 23, 69 16 Maturation and colour, Col. 92 9, b a b b composite, 68 26 ; simple, 68 6, 31, 94 i2-99 18. a 19; a line is a m., 7i 2o; points Mean, the, between convex and con- b can constitute no m. by compo- cave (the straight), Mech. 47 28; sition, 7i a 21-26. between greater and smaller (the b Magydum, Vent. 73* 5. equal), 47 27. Male, sex, characters of, Ph. 6 b 32- Meanness, see Smallness of soul. a b b 34, 9 3°- 36, 10*17, 26, 30, 36, Meat, weighing of, Mech. 53 35- b a 8, 10, 14, 24, 26, 36, n 12, 14*5, Mechanical, motion, Mech. 48* 9; m. palms, PL 2i a i4ff.; m. 15; problems, 47*24; skill, 47* s b plants, 17 7, 8, 2i 22 ff. 19- b b Mallow, PL I9 i7. Medea, Mir. 39 18. a Mallus, Vent. 73 I, It. Media, Mir. 32*26, 33* I. a Malnutrition, and colour, Col. 97 Mediannus, PL 20* 19. b a b b b b 16-30, 25, 32, 98 i2- 6, 3i, 99* Medicinal plants, PL 2i 34, 26 2. voice, b b 26. 2-7 ; and Aud. 3 22 ; and Megalopolis, Mir. 42 b b dullness of sense, Ph. io 23. Megarid, Vent. 73 18. b Mane, of lion, Ph. 9 25 ; of bison Melancraera, name of the Sibyl, and horse, Mir. 30* 10. Mir. 38* 9. b a Mania, Ph. 8 2i-26, I2 23~25 ; see Melissus, MXG. 77^22, 79*22 ; his b also Madness. views stated, 74*2- 8, criticized, 5- b b Mantle of Alcimenes, Mir. 38* 1 74 8-77 li. b b 26. Melos, Mir. 3i 19, 33 3- b Manuring, PL 21*37. Memory, Ph. 8* 37, 9. Many, the Many, MXG. the Many Mentores, Mentoric district, Mir. b can only exist if Being is made 39* 34- 2. b up of several constituents, 74 2, Meses (NNE. wind), Vent. 73* 3. if b 8. 3 ; the M. exists, it must arise Mesopotamia, Mir. 45 b b from what is not, 20, 21 Messina, Straits of, Mir. 74 ; 34 3, 39* b b existents are m., 74 28, 79* 16 ff. 27, 40* 2, 43* 1-32 ; Vent. 73 1. the M. due to mixture of the ele- Metals, ' concoction' in, PL 22*26, b is ments, 75 12 ; Being m., if 28, 31. composed of dissimilar parts, Metamorphosis, Mir. 36* 1 5. a 76 22, 23 ; mutual limitation of Metapontium, Mir. 40* 28. the h b M., 77 7, 8, 78 2 ; motion of Meteorologica, referred to (?), PI b b b the M., 74 28, 77 11 ; Zeno's 22 33. b view that the One can be m. in Method of criticism, MXG. 74 8 ff., a a the sense of having parts, 79 4, 75 l8ff. 5 ; see also Multiplicity. Mice, eat metals, Mir. 32*22-25; b Marble, Parian, Mir. 44* 15. Cyrenaic kinds, 32*3l- 3; poi- ;;; INDEX sonous kind, b b ; field-m. in 45 7 16 ff. ; increases the force b 54 of water, 42 7. b a weight, 53 18-23; objects al- Milk, abundant in Illyria, Mir. ready in m. easier to move, b b 52 4~ 42 30. a a 7, 53 24, 25, 58 3-i2; of radii, b Minae, weight of four, Meek. 9. a 53 49 1 5 ff. ; that which has no m. Mind and body, see Body and soul. cannot move anything else, 58*31, Minerals, PL 23* 18. 32 ; Lin. of a body along a line, Mints, b a a Mir. 32 28, 34 23; bitumen, 68 19, 22, 69*28, b 7ob s b 24, 1, 71 copper iron, b b 42 15 ; and 37 26- 14; in a joint, 72 29; of thought, b a a 32 ; cyanos and gold-solder, 68 b 34 20 25, 69 33, i ; MXG. of a gold, salt, 44a b 32 25, 33*29; 12. Being, various theories of, 76 a Minos, Mir. 36 28. 13 ff.; if Being is one, its m. is of a s Mint, PI. 2i 30. the - 1 whole, 77 ; Being is with- Mirrors, colour a b of reflections in, out m., 74 15, 76 i2, criticized Col. b 3i- b b 93 76 i3, denied, 76 36 ; belongs Mischievousness, Ph. iob b 3, 30. to a plurality of things, 77 15, Missiles, Attd. travel 2*34 ; faster 16; existents in m., 7^27; of sling b from a than from the hand, God and the One, 78 37 ff.; of Mech. 52a 39-b io. the a b many, 77 3, u ; not-being a b Mitylene, Vent. 73 n. has no motion, 77 10, II; see Mixture, for kindling fire, Mir. 32b also Moved, Unmoved. a b 27 ; with the One, impossible, Mouth, Aud. c 2i, 23, i 8, 12; a b b a MXG. 74 2i, 23- 2; of exist- Ph. 9 16, 39, n i9. a b ents, 77 3-1 1. Mouthpiece of oboe, Aud. i 33, b a 'Modon', a charm against wild 2 22, 26, 4 i3- beasts, Mir. 46a 32. Move, nothing can (theory of Gor- a Moisture, Col. necessary in dyeing, gias), MXG. 8o 1 ff. a b 94 26 ; and colour of plants, 94 Moved, MXG. God is not m. nor _ a b I 9 97 3°5 and colours of animals, unmoved, 77 9, 10, 20, criticized b b b a 97 i~99 14 ; and tones of voice, 78 i5~79 9; not-being not ne- a a Aud. i 10-20, 4 2i ; of flesh, cessarily unmoved because Being b a b b h Ph. 7 12, 8 25, 9 n, I3 i6, 20. is m., 78 15, 16 ; the One is nei- b Moles, none at Coronea, Mir. 42 ther still nor m., 77^ 17. in b 20a 3i, b i3, 3 ; not blind Aetolia, 47 3 Mulberry, PI. 41. usually eat earth, but locusts in Mules, fertile in Cappadocia, Mir. b b Aetolia, 47 4. 35 i- a 5 s Monaepus (bison), Mir. 30 7. Mullein,/ /. 25 4. b Money, forbidden in Balearic Isles, Multiplicity of things, MXG. 74 b a a Mir. 37 3~7. 24> 75 2, 7, 77 3; and see also b tides, b Moon, Mir. 3i 16 ; and 34 Many. Col. b 20. Mir. b 4 ; m.-light, 93 Musaeus, 43 4- b a a a Moroseness, Ph. 5 6, 7 5, I2 3, Muscles, PI. i8 2o. b b I2 25- Mushrooms, PI. 19*31, 25 17. ' Mossynaeci, Mir. 35*9. Musical ', as an accidental predi- b Mother of the Gods, Mir. 46 5. cate, Mech. 56*35. a Motion, movement ; Ph. physio- Musician, Ph. 6 16. gnomic significance of movement, Mussel, Mir. 3i b 11. a b b a 6 28, 25, 37, 7 io, 26, 32, 34, Mustard, PL 2o 36. a b a b 8 5, 11, I4>9 32, i3 3-2o; PI. Mustek, Mir. 32 2. a b b a in plants, i6 26, 9ff., I7 23, Myrrh, PL i8 5- b b a 3i, b 22 I ; Mech. of bodies continued Myrtle, PL I9 22, 2o 28 3; when no longer in contact with Mir. 33* 15. a Vent. 10. impelling force, 58 17-22; of Mysia, Mir. 45*17 ; 73* b a one body by another, 55 34 ff. Mysteries of Hecate, Mir. 47 6. b s1 18 of the of circles, 47 20, 48 ; b b Nails, Ph. ioa 2i; PL i8 i5. circumference of a circle, 5l 35 > of extreme points in a rhombus. Natural, problems, Mech. 47*2$; ;; ; INDEX a science, defined, 47 29; specu- Nutcracker, mechanics of, Mech. a b lations, 47* 26. 54 32- i5. Nature )( art, Mech. 47* 11-13, Nutrition, Col. effect on colour of a a 21 ; no deviation in, 47* 15. plants, 95 21, 97 i, 15-30, of ani- b b 15 l Navel, Ph. 8 3, lo i7. mals, 97 22-99* % ! PI- common b Naxos, Mir. 44 32. to plants and animals, i6b i2ff.; of a b a b Neck, Col. 93*15, 98*12, 99 3; plants, I5 27ff., i6 3, I7 i6, 27. b b Aud. o 23; Ph. 7*36, i4, 25, Nutritive, material, of animals, PL b a b a b 9 6, 24, io 3, i8, 11*11-17, I2 28* 20, of plants, 27 20, 34, 40, b b b b 28 ; back of, 7 20, io 35, I2 23. 28*6, 16, 19, 33, 36, 38, l9; n. Necklace, Diomede's, Mir. 4ob 20. principle in plants, 17*25. b b Negation, MXG. 78 18, 29, 34. Nut-tree, PL l9 2o, 21*28. Negative, predicate, MXG. 78 a 32 prefix ('a privative'), 78 b 22. b Neleus, Mir. 46 38. Oak, its bark an antidote to 'arrow- b Nest, Mir. 30 12, 15. poison', Mir. 37* 19. 'Next', in a series, Lin. 71^27. Oax,Mech. 50*11, 17 ff., 51*2, i6ff. a a Nightingale, Aud. o 26, 4 23. Oath, see Perjury. b Nightshade, PL 21*33. Oboe, or pipe, Aud. o 24, 1*28, b i8, Nile, Mir. 46b 22. 32-40, 2*8, b i8-29, 3*18-20, 4* a a a b Noises, Aud. o 1, l 36, 2 40, 4o- 11-16. a b 3 5, i2. Observation, place of, in theory of s a b Non-indivisible lines, Lin. 69 3. colours, Col. 92 3o- 32, in physio- s a b a North wind, Mir. 31 15, 18 ; Vent. gnomy, Ph. 5 2i- 9, 6 13-15, a 73*1-12. 7 n-30, 9* 8-18. a Northern and southern people com- Obstinacy, Ph. 9 36. pared, Ph. 6b 16-18. Obtuse angle, in a rhombus, Mech. b a b Nose, Ph. 9 18, 23, u 28- 4« 55*11,15, 18,23. b b Nostrils, Ph. 8*34, n 3. Odour, Col. 96 2o; Aud. 2*12; Not-being, MXG. can it have exist- PL of palms, 21M9; of plants, a b ence? 79 35ff. ; cannot come to 2i 4o; Mir. of box-tree honey, b b a be, 75*37; has no motion, 77 10, 3i 2i-25; of copper, 34 5; of II; is generated, if Being changes, fire-stone, 41*33; of ichor, 38* b 74*22; is nowhere, 77 14; is 30; of Italian lake, 36*32; of b a oil-well, 41* 32* unlimited, 77 3~5, 78 25-37; no- 15 ; of unguents, a thing can come out of N., 75* 1, 4» 45 35> of violets at Enna, b 22, 28 ; Being and N., Gorgias' 36 l8. a b view, 79 25 ff., cannot have the Oenarea, Mir. 37 32. b b 26* same nature, 77 6, may have the Oil, Col. 9i 23, 96* 27 ; PL 18 b it same attributes, 78* 26-37; Being, plants producing, 2i 33 ; why a if it moves, becomes N., 8o 2 floats on water, 23* 30 ff. ; Mir. N. does not produce Being, and turpentine-o., 37*33 ; well of, 41* a vice versa, 77 22. 15 ; see also Olive-oil. Nothing can come into being out of Oily juice, substance,/'/. 27* I3ff, a b a n., MXG. 74 2, 3, i2, 28; n. 29 5 ff. b exists (Gorgias), 79*11 ff., 8o i7, Olbia, Vent. 73* 5. b b criticized, 79*33~ i9; n. is, but Old, utterance in the, Aud. i 6, 2*3. a b all things become, 75* 15. Olive, olive-tree, PL i8 32, I9 5, a a b a b Not-to-Be )( To-Be, MXG. 79 25 ff., 20 32, 4i, 2i 25, i6, 27*40, b b 2ff. 28 3 ; sacred Athenian, Mir. 34* Notus (S. b at Olympia, a 7- wind), Vent. 73 7 ; ori- 12-16,46*6; 34 1 gin of name, 8, 9. 22. 'Now', the, as in Olive-oil, Col. Aud. b 16 a discrete element 96*27; 3 ; b b time, Lin. 71* 16 ff., 4. Mir. 3l 22, 33*9, 44*18. Number, Lin. 69*15 ; complex n., Olympia, Mir. 34*17, 21. s 69 14; 'little'as applied to, 69 a i2; Olympias (NNW. wind), Vent. 73^ b must be odd or even, MXG. 78 35- 21. ; 8 ; INDEX 13 Olympus (Pierian), Vent. 73 22. Pandosia, Mir. 38* 33. b Olynthus, Mir. 42* 5. Pangaeus (Mt.), Vent. 73 16. b Omens, Mir. 4i 28-42*4, 18-24. Pantheon at Athens, Mir. 34* 13. One, the One, MXG. are existents Panther, or leopard, typical of b o. or many ? 79* 16 ff.; Being is female sex, Ph. 9 36-10* 8 a b o., 74 12, 7, questioned, 76* mode of hunting, Mir. 31*4-10. b b 21 ff., denied, 76 35 ; the O. can- Paphlagonia, Mir. 35 23. b not change, 74*20; the O. chang- Parallelogram, Mech. 54 28, 37 b ing from being to being, 75 3i exterior angle of p. equals interior ' the O. would be more than o., if opposite angle, 56^24 ; p. of force b b things changed, the and distances ioff. ; opposite 77 14, 15 ; ', 48 b O. is free from grief, pain, and sides of a p. are equal, 56 21 b b disease, 74*19; God is O., 77*24, similar, 48 20, 54 29, 30, 38 ; 'p. b 13 ; velocities ff. 34-36, 2, 9 Xenophanes' use f of ', 54 16 the term as applied to God, 79*3 ; Paralysing power, of hyaena, Mir. the O. has no likeness to Not- 45*24-27; of leopard's bane, 13*9. h b being or the many, 77 7, 8, 17, Parasitism in plants, PI. 26 32- 18 ; the O. cannot mix with any- 27* 1. b thing else, 74*21, 23- 2 ; motion Parian marble, Mir. 44* 15. b of the O.j 78 39ff.; the O. is Parmenides, MXG. 76* 6; quoted, h b neither still nor moved, yy 16, 76* 8-9, 78 8-9. b PI. definition of, 1 parts 17 ; is without motion, 74*15 ; if Part, 5, 6 ; it has no body, how can the O. be of plants, 18*4-19*41, compared 18* 16-21, unlimited ? 76*29 ; Zeno's use of with those of animals, b the term One, 76*25, 26, 79*4, 5. 2, 19*19, 20; composite )( b a Opigaidum, PL i8 39- simple, i8 10-12. b Oracle, Mir. 34 27. Parthenope, the Siren, Mir. 39*33. b Orchomenus, Mir. 38 3. Partridge, Col. 98* 27. b Orthonotus, Vent. 73 6 (note). Pathic,^.8*l2-i6, 10*34, 13*18,35. b 11-17. Orthosian Artemis, Mir. 47 1. Pavement, colour of, Col. 96* b Osprey, Mir. 35* 2. Peacock, Col. 99 11. b Othrys (Mt.), Mir. 46 10. Pear, pear-tree, Col. 97* 27 ; PI. b b b b Ox, Mir. 30*8, 12, 32 i5; see I9 22, 20 58, 2i 20; with Bison, Cattle. poisonous thorns, Mir. 45* 15. b Elba, Oxus (River), Mir. 33 14. Pebbles, why coloured in b Mir. 39 23-28; why round, Mech. s b 13 b Paeonia, Mir. 30 5, 7, 33 6, 8, 42 52 29-53* 4. b 46b 30. Pedasa, Mir. 44* 35> 2- 33, b Pagrean Mountains, Vent. 73* 3. Pedicels, PI. i8 lo. And. Pagreus (N. wind), Vent. 73* I. Pegs, of stringed instruments, b to, 3*41. Pain, Ph. 5* 8 ; insensibility 8 Mir. 36° 10. 17-21 ; the One un- Pelasgians, 37 ; Mir. 35* a b 10-13. affected by, MXG. 74 19- Pelican, Mir. 3i b 26. Pale, pallor, Ph. (kevicoxpovs), 8* 34, Peloponnesus, Mir. 42 b b 12* Pelorus, Mir. 40 25, 28. 5; (o>xpo7V7s),9*lo; (cvioxpos), Penuriousness, Ph. 9* 23. (/ifXi'x^copos), 12* ; of eyes 17 ; 9 b b 10. (oixpofifiaros), I2 8. Perennials, PI. i8 b Pale pink, or pale red, Col. 97 13 Pergamos, Mir. 34* 23 b h punishment os) Ph. 6 17 Perjury, test of, and (\(vk6ttvPP ; 4, 7 b b 33-46* (\evKff)v0pos). for, Mir. 34 8-17, 45 5. b Mech. 49* I, 32, Palici, Mir. 8. Perpendicular, 34, 34 b b ff., I2 23. Palm, why called 'phoenix', Mir. i4, 50*8 55 "> > *9i b b PI. 21*8, 28 b 4o, 29* 57 28; Lin. 70*10, 12, 13. 43 6-i4; b Perrhaebians, Mir. 14. and female, 21* 14 ff. ; see 43 3 ; male Persians, PI. 21*33; Mir. also Date. Persia, s Gulf, b 32* 33* 38 ; P. PI Palm-island, Mir. 43 7. 28, 1, 23 Vent. 6. 21*31. Pamphylia, Mir. 33* 6 ; 73* 645-8 ;; INDEX Persistence, TV*. 13*5-7; lack of, 2 ; if there are indivisible lines, I2b i5, 21, 13*5-9, b i3~2o; see there are indivisible planes, 7ob also Instability. 30 ff., and part of a p. is not a p., Perspective, Aud. 1*33-36. 71* 10 ; a solid is divided at a p., b a Petitio principii, Lin. 69* 23, 24. 7o 32, 7i 2 ; a solid consists of a Petrifaction, in mines near Per- planes, and a p. of lines, 72 8, 30. a b gamos, Mir. 34 23-30 ; in river Plane-tree, wild, PL 20 4i. Cetus, 37* 13. Planets, PL i6» 23. Peucestian, Mir. 36* 5. Plank, the longer it is the more b a Peucetians, Mir. 18. easily it bends, Mech. 5-18 40 53 ; b Phaethon, Mir. 3<5 2. why easier to lift and carry if held Pharangites (NW. wind), Vent. in the middle, 57* 5-21. b b 73 15- Planting, PL methods of, 2C 29 ff., b b Phaselis, Vent. 71* 8. 2i 39 ; season of, 2l 2 ff. b Phasis, Mir. 46* 28. Plants, Col. colour of, 94 13-97* b Pheneus, Mir. 34 24. 32, 99*7-14; PL animate or in- b Phidias, tale of, Mir. 46* 1 7. animate ? i6 3 ff. ; are p. ani- s a b Philippi, Mir. 33 28. mals? 15*19, i6 i, i; annual, b b a Philoctetes, Mir. 40* 16. i8 10, I9 13 ; causes of, five, 27 Philosophy, deduction character- 2-5 ; change of species in, 21* a b istic of, Ph. 7 9. 26 ff. ; cold, effect of, on, 25 24, b a Phlegm, PL 24 19; Mir. 45* 21. 28 40 ff. ; colour in, and its causes, b b b Phoenicia, Phoenicians, Mir. 43 9, 19* 2, 27 18 ff, 28 15, 22 ff. 1 44* ; Vent. 73* compared with animals, 18*17- 1, 9-34 13, % a Phoenix (palm), origin of the name, 21, 19*18, 19, 2i io; com- b b Mir. 43 6-l4. position in, 24 4 ; 'concoc- a b a a b Phrygia, Vent. 73 24, i5- tion ' in, 22 26, 25 27, 27 8 ff., b a b b Phrygian ashes, Mir. 34 30. 28 6 ff., 29, 7, 8, 29 4 ; corrup- 8* Physiognomy, or Physiognomony, tion in, 1 3 ; created before a a a b methods of, Ph. 5 I9~6 18, 7 animals, I7 35 ff. ; desert-p., b a a b a a b 3-3o, 8 3o-9 i4 6- pro- 34ff. ; desire in, I5 22, i6, 25, 9 ; 25 a vince of, 6 22-25. 20 ; divisions of, 19* 42 ff. ; earth, a a b Pictures, perspective in, Aud. i element of, in, 22 12, 2 ; ele- a b a 32-36. ments in, 22 12-14, 2, 28 26; a Pieria, a district of Macedonia, Mir. essentials of p.-life, 26 37 ; no b b 33 i8. excrement from, I7 l9; female, b Piety, Mir. insured by stone of 17*8, 2i 22ff. ; fire, element of, Sipylus, 46b 3~6; rewarded, 46s in, 22 a i4, 28*26; garden-p., b b b 9-16 ; of camels, 3o 5-10. I9 28, 2i l, 21; generative a Pigeon, see Dove. principle in, I7 25; indoor- p., b Pigments, Col. 92 b 17. I9b 28; intelligence in, I5 17; b b a a Pillar, brazen, at Eleusis, Mir. 43 juices of,2i 40,27 i3ff.,29 5 ff.; b a a 2; inscribed, at Hypate, 43 l5~ life in, I5 10 ff., i6 27; locality a Pillars s b 44 5 ; of Heracles, 33 10, and position, effect of, on, l9 4o b b b 36 30, 44*25. ff.,2i i,26*39, 5 ff.; male, 19*7, b a a b b ioff.; Pine, PI. l8 36, 20*18, 2i 7, 29 8, 2i 22 ff. ; marsh-p., 26 p.-nut, 20s* medicinal, 2i b 26b 2 move- 3 ; 33. 34, ; a b a b b b Pink, Col. 96 2, i4; of blushing, ment in, i6 26, 9 ff., I7 23, 22 a of, b a Ph. I2 3i, 35 ; see also Palepink. 1; nutrition I5 27ff., i6 3, b Pipe, see Oboe. I7 16, 27 ; nutritive material of, b b b a Pitch, Col. 9l 23; PI. i8 36; 27 20, 34, 40, 28 6, 16, 19, 33, b b spring of, Mir. 42 16. 36, 38, i9 ; nutritive principle a a b Pith, PL i 9 33 . in, 17*25; odour of, 2i i9, 2i a Pithecusae, a in, b i Mir. 33 14. 40; parasitism 26 32-27 ; Plains, b a a why sandy, PL 23 34 ff. parts of, i8 4-i9 4l ; perennial, b a b b b Plane, Lin. 68 14, 72 9, 3, 9, 11, l8 io; products of, 2i 32 ff. b a 28 ; divided at a line, 70 32, 71* production of leaves and fruit, 27 5 ; i INDEX ff. properties a 7 ; of, 22 pyra- b 4 ; gent at more points than one, 7i midal form in, 27* 16, quick 37 ; 15-20; points in a line must growth in small, b 22 5 ; no re- touch or a b not touch, 7i 26- 6 ; if a spiration in, i6b 26; rock-p., a 26 p. touches a line, it is not in contact 2 °~37 5 salt water unfavourable a with it, line is b 72 24-27 ; a not to, ff. a 24 3 5 ; sensation in, 1 1 composed of a b 7, points, 7i 6, 3, 19, b i9ff., i6a b b a 5, 5, ii, i7 ; sex in, 23 26, 72 i2; the indivisible line is a a 2o, a b l5 27, I7 i- i3; shapes of, in all b p. but name, 7o 28-30 ; if b b 27 32 ff. ; sleep not found in, i6 indivisible lines exist, a p. is also 13 28 ff., 20 snow a 17 ; unfavourable divisible, 7i a line will b 7-9, ex- to, 24 4o ff. ; 'soul' in, 15* a 14, ceed another line by a i io-i6. b a p., 7 31, 29ff., i6 4o, b4ff., I7 b s 24; Poisonous, arrows, Mir. 37 12-23, sulphurous ground, p. growing a i-9 lizards, b 45 5 45 4~7; mice, a a b in, 26 2ff. ; thorny, 1, b a b 27 6 ; plants, 3i a 45 7 5 5, 35 33~36 variation in, a 2o i5 ff. ; warmth, 6; snakes, 45*1-14; wasps, b b effect of, on, 25 i8ff. ; water, a a 44 32-35 ; waters, 36 30-34, 42 a element of, in, 22 13, 28a 26, the II-14. material of b p., 24 l2; water-p., Polished substances, colour of, Col. b 25*40 ff, 26 3o ff. ; a b watery places, 93 i7- 3- b growing in, ff. a p. 26 9 ; wild, Pollen, PI. 21 14. b I9 2i a 4o, b2o without b 29, 30, ; Polycritus (historian), Mir. 40 32, b flowers, 28 37; without fruit, 43 a 2 (note). b b I9 3i. Polypus, Mir. 32 14. Plato, PI. i5 a 2i, b a a is. Pomegranate, PL 2o 31, 41, 2 5, s Pleum, Mir. 40 13. 25 ; colours of, Col. 96*21, 27, Plumage of birds, colour of, Col. a 99 9-i 4 . a b a b b a b a 92 24, 28, 93 15, 9, 94 12, 97 Pontus (region), Mir. 3i 23, 35 b a a i7, 1, b i5 (a river a 33, 98 9, 32, 99 15^15 ; 15, ; of Thrace), 4i b b other characters of, Ph. 6 1 1, 20, 28 (? Hellespont), ; 39 3, 6. I2b b b 16, 21. Poplars, black, Mir. 35 2, 36 3. a a Plums, PI. 2o iZ. Poppy, Col. 96 26, 31, b i5- b a Pluto, Mir. 36 2i. Populonium, Mir. 37 31. b a a b Pods, PI. 20 7. Pores, Col. 93 24-32, 94 25~ io; Point, a b Mech. on the circumference Aud. 2 25, n ; of plants, see of circle, 52* 1 1 points at a ; the Ducts. b extremities of a rhombus, 54 Posidonia (in Italy), Mir. 39a 30. 16 ff. ; on the radius of a circle, Posidonium (or Posidium), Vent. s a a 48 16 ; Lin. points in lines, 68 73 l6 (and note). a b b b 19, 2i,69 i,2, 25, 7o i4-2o, 23- Possession, cure for, Mir. 46 22-25. a a a 30, 7i 6, defined, 7i 17, 18, Potameus (E. wind), Vent. 73 13, ' compared with a now ' in time, 16. a b a b 7i 16-20, 4, terminal p., 7o 2i, Potter's wheel, Mech. 5i 20. b constitute lo-i4 ; points no Pottery, composition of, PI. 23* 18 ; magnitude by composition, 7i a see also Earthenware. 21-26 ; contact of p. with p. is of Predicates, accidental, Mech. 56* a of, the whole with the whole, 7i 27 35 ; validity involves validity the smallest constitu- of their opposites, Lin. 68a a p. not 3, 4 ; a b b ent of a line, 72 30- 24, not contrary, MXG. 78 1 7 ff. ; nega- b an indivisible joint, 72 25-33, tive, 78* 32 ; the same p. may cannot be subtracted from a line be assigned, to Being and Not- a a except incidentally, 72 13-24 ; if being, 78 26 ff, to the Many and b a line consists of points, p. will the One, 78 3, 4. b be in contact with p., 7 i 4-16, Pre-existence of things impossible, straight and curved lines cannot if they come into being, MXG. b exist, 7i 20-26 ; if a line consists 74*5-9. of points in contact, the circumfer- Premisses, Melissus', criticized, a ence of a circle will touch the tan- MXG. 75 4, 20. P 1 6 ; INDEX ' Prester ', a kind of snake, Mir. of a r., 49* 2, 3, 13 ff. ; simulta- 43a 3i- neous movement in two contrary b a Pride, Ph. 9 35, n 15, 20, 33, 37, directions, 48*6-10; two simul- a b *27, 34, I3 i3- taneous displacements of,48 35ff. Problems, mechanical, Mech. 47* Railing or abusiveness, Ph. 8*33, b 24; natural, 47* 25. 37, 11*27. Proconnesus, Vent. 73*20. Rain, sound of, Aud. 3* 5. Procrastination, /^. 1 3*5. Rapacity, Ph. 13*20. Propagation of trees, methods of, Rare, rarefy, rarity, PI. 22* 22, 32, b b PI. 20 29ff. 35,36, ll, 16,23*1,6, 10, 19,24, b b b b Propria, Ph. 5 16-34, 20, 8 30- 26, 28, 41, 24*30, 25*8, 35, 27 9*1. II, 28* b b 22, 36, 4, 28, 39, 29 35 ; b b b A Proserpine, A/»r. 36 2i. MXG. 75 26, 76 3 ff., 77 2. b Protective coloration, Mir. 32 7- Ratio of division, Lin. 69* 4. b b 16, 46 10-15. 'Rational', lines, Lin. 68 15, 18, Psittacene, ^f/r. 33* I, 2. 21 ; square, 70*4. b b 1 b Pubes, Co/. 97 30, 98* 2. Raven, Col. 99 ; Ph. 10*36, I2 b Pulley, Mech. 5i 19, 52*5; large 12 ; Mir. 37*20 ; see also Crows. p. more effective than small, 52* Ravenswort, Mir. 37* 20. 16 ; why a double p. can raise Rectangle, Mech. 49* 26 ; Lin. 70* a b great weights, 53 3i- l3- 6 ; breadth of, determined by Pumice-stone, Mir. 47* 8. line applied at right angles to b Purge, Ph. 8 23. the side, 70* 4, 5. b b Purple, colour, Col. 92*17-29, 95 Rectangular figure, Mech. 56 27. b b 20, 96 25, 97* 5 ; dealers in, Rectilinear figure, Mech. 5i 25. Mech. b p.-fish, Col. Red, reddish, Col. (jrvppos) 49 35 ; 94*21, 94*24, b b 95 1 1-21,97*5. 96*2, 97 i,7, 13,25,32,35,98* b Purplish, Mir. 43*26. 14, l4, 99*5 ; Ph. (irvppos) 12* Pyramidal form, of fruit stones, 16 (emirvppos), b 8* PL ; 7 32, 20, 33; b b 29 13 ; of plants and trees, 27 (f'pvdpos), 12*21. 28* b b 16, 37, 34 ; of thorns, 27 12. Redness of plants, PI. 2o 2i. Pyriphlegethon, Mir. 39* 23. Red Sea, I9b 40. b b b Pyrrha, Vent. 73 22. Reed (of oboe), Aud. i 33, 38, 2 20* Pythian priestess, Mir. 32* 21. 19 ; (plant), PI. 19. b Pythopolis, Mir. 34* 34. Reflection of rays, Col. 91* I5~ 2, b b 92 18, 93* 16, 32. b Quadrant of a circle, Mech. 55 14. Reflectiveness, Ph. 13*29. b Quadrupeds, Mir. 31* 20, 41*8. Reindeer, Mir. 32 9 (note). Quail, 98* b b Col. 27 ; Ph. 6 14. Rennet, Mir. 35 31. b b Querulousness, Ph. 12*4, 13*34. Reptiles, Col. 99 17 ; Mir. 4l I, ' a Quicker ', two senses of, Mech. 43 28. 48b 6-9. Resemblance, arguments from, Ph. Quickness of sense, see Sense-per- b 10-6* b 5 7, 29, 9* 3-1 5 ; see also ception. Congruity. Resin, PI. 18*4. Racial characters, Ph. 5* 26, 6b 14- Respiration, not found in plants b 18, 12*13, 3i. and certain animals, PI. l6b 26, Radius, i)/ 34. 57 32, more motion, 48*3-11 ; bodies at b b quickly than shorter, 48 3 ff., resistance of (' vis inertiae '), 5i 49*ioff., b 50*36, 52 8, 9, 15-17 36 (and note), 58* 8, 9 ; equality r., b ' 27, 28, moves a weight more as a cause of 57 25 ; being at b easily than a small, 52* 17 r.', use of term, MXG. 78 29. b natural and unnatural movement Rhegium, Mir. 35 15, 43* 6. 9 . ; INDEX Rhine, frozen in b b winter, Mir. 46 sweat, 24 2 ; s. water, gives off b 29. fresh vapour, 24 2i ff., heavier Rhodes, Rhodians, Mir. 40* fresh, a b 23 ; than 24 3i, i5, unfavour- a b Vent. 73 4. able to plants, 24 35 ff. ; Mir. Rhombus, extreme points of, a why mined, 44 12 ; needed by cattle, when in two b of, b moved movements, 44 19-23 ; spring 44 9-22. they do not describe equal Same thing, the, cannot be present a straight lines, Mech. 54^ 15—55 simultaneously in several persons, b 27. MXG. 8o 9ff., 19. 1 b b Rhythm ', of Empedocles, MXG. Sand, PI. 23 i4, 24 5, 25*36; b b 75 29- why formed in the sea, 23 17 ff., h b b ; i Right angle, Mech. $7 25 ; Lin. on plains, 23 34 ff. Mir. 3 30, b b b 7o 4- 33 24, 46 14. b Ring-dove, Mir. 3o 12, 19. Sandpiper, Mir. 31* 11. a Road of Heracles, Mir. 37*7-1 1. Sandy localities, PL 23 2. b oil is complexion, Rock, which ignites when Sanguine, Ph. 7 32 ; b poured on it, Mir. 33* 6-9. temper, 6 3. Rock-plants, PI. 26* 20-37. Sap, PL 2i b 4o. a a b Rogues, Ph. I2 16, I4 1 ; see also Sardinia, Mir. 38 l2. a Villany. Sarissa, Mir. 47 2 (note). a Roots of plants and trees, Mech. Saw, Aud. 3 3. b b a Scales, of snake, Mir. 46 14. 49 37 > Col. as dyes, 94 18 ; PL a a a i8 15, 19, 29, 30, I9 n, 18,20, Scamander, Mir. 46 34. b 22, 26, 4, 8, 10, 13, 24, 20*24, Sciron (NNW. wind), Scironian b a b b b 15 25, 3i, 2l 12, 9, 40, 26 34, 28 rocks, Vent. 73 19. b b (SE. wind), Vent. 3. 1 1 ; aromatic, 20 26 ; not found Scopeleus 73 b ff. Scorpions, frequent near Susa, Mir. in water-plants, 25 5 ; proper- a a killed locusts, b ties of, 22 15. 32 26-30 ; by 44 Rope, of bed, method of stretching, 23-3I- b b 'Scorpion-fighter', a locust, Mir. Mech. 56 2 ff. ; of pulley, 53 5. b ; an antidote to scor- Rose, colour of, Col. 96* 22 ; odour 44 23-30 b b of, fatal to beetles, Mir. 45 2. pion's sting, 44 3 x . b Rosian Mountains, Vent. 73* 19. Scotussae, Mir. 4i 9. a b (N. wind), Scylletium, Rosus, Vent. 73 i7, 3- Scylletinus b b Round, why pebbles are, Mech. 52 Vent. 73 14. a b a Scythians, Ph. 27 ; Mir. 32 7, 29-5 3 4- 5 b Rowing, mechanics of, Mech. 50 a a of, 9i 2i 10-27. Sea, Col. colour 22, 92 ; b a PI. Rudder, as a lever, Mech. 5o 3i, turns things red, 94 24 ; 13 b small, it formation of sand in, 23 17 ff. 34, 5i i2; how, being b 11 b s.-calf, can move a large ship, 5o 28- saltness of, 24 4 ff., 5 ; a Mir. b 3i; s.-frog, ib. 13; s.- 5i 37- 35 fc 5 b shell, see Shell. Rue,/ /. 1 1 1 b a Reed. Seals, Aud. i 4- Rushes, Mir. 27 ; see also 44 a Rust, Col. 92b 27. Seaweed, Mir. 44 27. iron, Seeds, PI. 17*27, 32, 18*33, 34, Rustless, copper, Mir. 34*2 ; a b 2i b b 3i- 19*41, 20 38ff, 6, 30, 32, 33 b a a good 33, 24 io, 26 39, 28 l8; a a I-II. Sacrifices to the dead, Mir. 40 6- and bad, 21 b 26. Self-will, P/fc. n 35- b Sensation, sense, sense-perception, Saffron, Mir. 40 25-31 ; s.-colour, b a a b a b Aud. i 30, 2 l4, 3 6, 3 35-4 Col. 95 i. b b a b of colour, i 24, 3 39, and Sail of a ship, Af«rt. i 39. 2, 5, "• 6; 5 a of b see Pale. light, 2*12; of heat, 2 l3; Sallow, Ph. 7 7 ; b colour, b a touch, 14 ; Col. of 93 Salt, /7. 22 39, 23M6; saltness, 3 a a a i,95 b 4; Ph. and mobility in deserts, 25 34, in pools, 24 29, 94 b a 6-10 as related s1 in of the head, u ; 37, in the sea, 24 4 ff., 5, ; INDEX to blood-flow and size of body, Sicyon, Mir. 34b 23. b a a b I3 30-35; PL in animals, i6 Sides, of the body, Ph. 7 32, i6, plants, b a a b iob OI a 12 ; in 15*17, i9ff, i6 8 2o, 9 7, 28, 12-23; b b b ff. 5, 5, 1 1, I7 23 ; Lin. objects of, parallelogram, Mech. 56 22 a fallibility of, b of 6S 18; MXG. 74 of a rectangle, Lin. 70* 4 ; a b ff. 6, 10 ; see also Hearing, rhombus, Mech. 54 19 ff. Sight. Sigeum, Mir. 40a 15. b Seps, a kind of snake, Mir. \(i° II. Sight, MXG. 8o 15 ; does not re- b b Seriphos, Mir. 35 3. cognize sounds, 8o i ; in God, 77* a Serpents, i/Vr. swallow their slough, 36, 78 4, 9, 13 ; objects of, exist a 35*28 ; in Cyprus, a kind harm- because they are cognized, 8o less in winter, s in also Eyesight, Vision. 45 10-14; 1 3 ; see Lacedaemon, used for food, 32 a Signet-rings, Mir. 35° 30. 17-21 ; in Mesopotamia, a kind Signs (physiognomic), selection of, b that distinguishes strangers, 45 see Physiognomy, methods of; b 8-15 ; in Thessaly, destroyed by sources of, Ph. 6*27-36, I4 3~9. a ' storks, 32 14-17, a kind that Silk-worm ' (a musical instru- changes colour, 46b 10-17, the ment), Aud. ob 25. b sacred snake, 45 16-22, how Silliness, Ph. 12*27. killed, b Silver, Col. a i8, b Mir. b charmed and 45 23-32 ; 93 7; 33 30, b see also Viper. 37 3; in Iberia, 37*24-29, com- 1 a Serpent-necked ', the Lacedae- mon in Tartessus, 44 17-24. a a monians why so called, Mir. 32 Similar, PL division by s. parts, i8 18-21. 22-29 j Mech. parallelograms, b b Sex, comparison of the sexes, Ph. 48 2o, 54 29, 30; triangles, 51* b a b a Pl> ff, b 6 32-34, 9 3o- 14, i4 7-9 5 24; MXG. 77* 15 23> 25, b b a in animals, I7 2 ff. ; female s. 8o i2, 14; (= homogeneous), 74 a b a b sometimes absent, i6 18 ; in 13, 8, 76 38, 2, 36; the term a a b plants, i5 2o, 27, i7 i- i3; see explained, 76*13-18; God is s. b also Female, Male. in every part, 77°- 37-39, i9, this a a b Shadow, Col. 9i 20, 93 1-5, l6; view criticized, 78a 3~7. Mir. hyaena paralyses by step- Simple, Lin. 68a ig; line, 7ob 28; a a a l, ping on a man's s., 45 24-27. magnitude, 68 6, 19 ; unit, 68 a Shapes, of animals, PI. 28 24 ; of 8, 17- b b plants, 27 32 ff. 'Simple', Lin. 68 l3, 69*14, 21, a b b Sheep, Col. 97 34, 98* 6 ; Ph. 6 70* 12, 16, 9; contact of 'sim- b b ' ' 8, I3 4 ; Mir. colour of Euboean, ples ', 7i 7, 23 ; simples added 46b 36-38. together will not produce an Sheet, of a sail, Mech. 5i b 8. increased total magnitude, 70*22; Shell, of fruit, PI. b ' of only one mode 18*33, 2o 12 ; simples', admit a of seed, I9 41 ; s.-fish, sea-s., of conjunction, 70* 19 ; a *s.' has b a b 1 Col. 99 l7; PI. i6 io; Mech. no dimension, 7i 2; two'simples b 52 30 ; see also Purple-fish. will not form a continuous quan- b a Ship, Mech. 5o 10, 18 ff., 5l 27, 30. tum, 70*23, or magnitude, 7^° 3- 5 b Shoots,/ /. 19*18, 2i 9ff. Sinope, Vent. 73*24. Short objects, easier to carry than Sinti, Mir. 41*27. b long, Mech. 57*23 ff. Sipylus, Mir. 46 3. Shoulder, b a And. 4 i4; Ph. 7*34, Sirens, isles of the, Mir. 39 26 ; b a b a i4, 15, 21, 30, 8 2i, 9 27, 32, temples of the, 39 30. b a b a 4 io 29, 35-1 i 5, I2 20, i3 11, Sistros ', secures against demons, b a 12, I4 5; method of carrying Mir. 46 35. s long objects on, Mech. 57 5 ff., Sithonia, Mir. 32*27 (note). 23 ff. Sitting position, movements made a b Sibyl of Cumae, Mir. 38 5-10. in rising from, Mech. 57 22ff. a b a b Sicily, Mir. 33 2l, 34 3, 8, 36 28, Skin, colour of, Col. 97*34, i2, 18, b b a b i3, 40*2, 23, 25, 32, 43 1, 5, 22, 98 2i; other characters of, b a b b b 45 4, 47 3! Vent. 73* 25, 20. Ph. 6*30, 5, 7 i8, 8*18, 23; of 7 . ; ; 3 i ; INDEX a animals, PL i8 i9; see also ment of, in straight line, 2a 30 Complexion. qualities of— articulate )( inar- 11 a b Slate, Col. 93 20 (note). ticulate noises, o 1, 1*36, 2 39; a b Slaves as rulers, Mir. 38* 1-4. clear )( dim, o 14-15, i 22-39, Slave-traffic b a b to Balearic Isles, Mir. 2 9 ; cracked, 4 33~ 8 ; deep )( b b b IT 34- 3- shrill, 3 3i; distinct, i 9-2o; b b b Sleep, cause of, in animals, PI. i6 even, 2 i2; hard )( soft, 2 39- b a a b a ff. ; defined, i6 fruits i5- piping, 28- 33 30, 38 ; 3 4, 3 2, 29 ; 4 a b a causing, ; in i 22 7 not found 32 ; pure, 28 ; rasping, 2 39 ; b b b plants, i6 28. rough )( smooth, 2 12, 3 10-18; b a b b b Sling, Aud. o 13 ; Mech. 52 38, solid, i 28, 2 i2, 3 28; spongy, b of b thin, b 3> 5) 8, 10 ; marksmanship 3 28; thick )( 3 23-26, Ligurians with, Mir. b i6. a 9-1 perception of, the 37 4 7 5 MXG. a b b Slowness, Ph. I2 19, I3 10. 8o 1 ff. ; see also Voice. Slyness, Ph. 8a 27-29. ' Sound-minded stone', causes mad- ' a b Small ', as a predicate, Lin. 68 4, ness, Mir. 46 27- b b a fruit, ff. 5, 9, 22, 24, 69 i, 3, 6, 11, 14; Sourness in PL 29 5 a a point is not the smallest con- South wind, Mir. 3i 16, 17 ; Vent. b b stituent of a line, 72a 3o- 24 73 8. ' a b smallest 'as apredicate,72 33, S. Space, Zeno's argument about, b Smallness of soul, or meanness, Ph. MXG. 79 25. a a b ' a 8 3o, io 7, u 8. Speaker', of oboe, Aud. 4 14. a b i6 ff.; Smelting, iron, Mir. 33 25-31; Species )( genus, PL 13 a a copper, 35 11. change of, in plants, 2i 26ff. a b b a Smoke, Col. 9i 7, 2l, 22, 92 27, Spectres, charm against, Mir. 46 b a 93 5, 94 22. 37- Snail, Mir. 40b 20. Speech, physiognomic inferences b a Snakes, see Serpents. from manner of, Ph. 7 34, 1 35; a Snow, its effect on plants, PL 24 see also Voice. 40-25 a 2I. Sphere, MXG. 76*8, 7^9. a moved, Soda, Mir. 34 3i. Spherical, bodies, why easily b a b nature of Softness of character, Ph. 6 2S, 8 Mech. 5i 15-52* 13 ; a b God is 10, io i9, 27, 37, io 2, 8, 11, 13, the s., MXG. 78*21-24 ; b 27 vj s., 77 i-3, 19, 78*20, this view a Solid, Lin. 72*9; the ideal s., 68 criticized, 78*7-1 5 ; if incorporeal, divisible in bulk and God is not s., 79* 7. 13 ; solids ' y£° a s. divided at Spinos ', ignites readily, Mir. distance, 69 25 ; a b a a plane, 7o 32, 7i 2; made up 29, 33*23-27. a if are Spit, Mir. 35* 18. of planes, 72 8, 29 ; there 4i a 45* indivisible lines there must also Springs, cold, Mir. 23, 35 ; b healing, 4 b 9- be indivisible solids, 70 30 ff. fatal, 42*11-14; a intermittent, the point as part of a s., 72 7. 14; hot, 39*22; b b in test- a 4-i 1 47* 5 Solstices, Mir. 35 22, 25. 34* 34- 2, , 4 b b 46* 1-5 ; of brine, Somnolence, Ph. 8 7, n l7. ing perjury, b of pitch, Sophist, Ph. 8a 16. 44 9-22; of oil, 41*15; b Sophistry, sophistical reasoning, 42 16. construc- a 15. Square, Lin. 70* 12 ff. ; s. Mech. 56 33 5 Lin. 6^ 8, ' a s. is a ted of simples 7o 1 1 ; a Sore-throat, Aud. 4 18. ', a b b squares drawn a b l 8 n- divisible, 70 2i ; Soul, Ph. 5 6-24, i3, 6 3, a a plants, PI. on ' rational ' lines are commen- 35, 9 34> io 7; in b s., 68* b a b surate, 68 1 ; the ideal I5 a i4, 31, 29ff., l6 4o, 4ff., 5 indivisible line, 70*6, b 12 ; on the 1 24. 'rational' s., 70*4; unit s., Sounds, Aud. caused by impact, 15 ; b 0*1-16 (see also Impact); con- 68 16, so. b of, b Squill, PL 20* 25. flict of, i 1 5-20 ; concord 3 a Stags, hide when they have shed deflection of, 2 27-37 ; 40-4* 8 ; b b Mir. 23-3i*3 5 a i move- their antlers, 30 localization of, i 2i- ; ;; . INDEX b bury their right antler, 35 28 Strymonias (NNW. wind), Vent. b b other references, 32 16, 40*21. 73 i7. b b b Stalactites, Mir. 34 31-34. Stucco, colour of, Col. 9i 27, 94 32. b b b Stammering, Aud. 4 26-39. Stupidity, Ph. 8 2, 1 l 29. b Star-lizards, where poisonous, Mir. Substrata, Lin. 69 1. b 45 4-7- Subterranean, dwelling of Sibyl, a b Stars, influence of, on plants, PL Mir. 38 6 ; passage, 36 20. 24b II. Suckers, PI. 19*25, 20a 22. a Statues, Aud. 2 38 ; of Athena by Suffocation in mines, Mir. 34*26. Phidias, Mir. 46* 1 7-2 1 ; of Bitys, Sulkiness, Ph. 7* 5, 8* 17-19. s. Sulphur, 26* b 46* 22-24 5 copper in Phe- PI. 2, 9 ; Mir. 42 22. b neus and Sicyon, 34 23-25; s. Sun, Col. colour of, yellow, 91* 4, by Daedalus in the Amber Isles, 93* 14; s.-light in colour-blends, b b b 36*15. 92* 10, 23, 93 17, 94 28, 95* 11, b a it large Steelyard, why weighs 99 5 ; PI. i6 23 ; effect on b masses with a small counterpoise, plants, 1 7* 26, 26 5 ff., 36, 27* 20, b a b Mech. 53 25~54 15. 21, 32, 3o 2. a Stem of plants and trees, PI. I9 l8, Sunrise and sunset, colours at, Col. b 23, 5, 10, 12, 24. 92* 18. Sternofaship,Af^/j.5i a 5,ii,3i,35. Supremacy, of God, MXG. 77* 24- b a Stimulus and sensation, Aud. i 30, 33, 78 9, 13; Xenophanes' view a b a b a 2 i4>3 35-4 6. criticized, 77 28~78 4. a a Stone, Col. polished, 93 20 ; Aud. Susa, Mir. 32* 26, 38 23. s.- b a b throwing engine, o 13 ; Mir. Swallow, Col. 98 27, 99 12. b Iapygian, lifted by Heracles, 38 Swans, on Avernus, Mir. 39a 24. a b 1 ; stones as charms, 46 32-34, Sweetness in fruit, cause of, PI. 29 b b a 3-6; burning, 32 9, 33 23-27, iff. a b a b b 4i 29-32; causing madness, 46 Swine, Ph. ll 24, 30, 3o, i2 28 ; a a b 27, 47* 5 ; changing colour, 47 9 with solid hoofs, Mir. 35 35, 4i b curing possession, 46 22-25; fire- 6 ; see also Boar, wild. b 1 ' proof, 33 27; PI. 22a 39; 'con- Swipe for drawing water, Mech. a a a coction' in, 22 28, 26 27; float- 57 34ff. ' ing stones, 23*41 ff., their forma- Sword-stone ', causes madness, b a tion, 23 u ; no rarity in, 23 6 ; Mir. 47* 5. fruit-s., 29b 13; Lin. as. has no Sybaris (River), Mir. 40*23, 46b b joints, but it points, (town), has 72 32 ; 33,34; Sybarite, 38*15, see also Pebbles. 26, 40*15. Storks, exterminate serpents, Mir. Sycamore, PL 20*21. 32a 14-17. Sympathy of body and soul, Ph. 8b b Straight line, Mech. 48 l3, 27, 33, 1 1-27. b a 1 13 54 17, 58 ; the mean between Symplegades, Mir. 39 1 4 (note), 29. a b the concave and the convex, 48 Syracuse, Mir. 34 5, 47*3. b b ; ff.; 21* 1 Lin. 7i II, 21 definition Syria, PL 34 ; Mir. 31* 22, 43 of, b s. lines a b Vent. b 2. 69 32 ; any three can 9, 45 28, 8, 14 ; 73 a a be combined in a triangle, 70 8. Syrian Gates, Vent. 73 18. s Strangers distinguished, by birds, Syriandus (E. wind), Vent. 73 17. Mir. 36*7-14, 42*35 ; by dogs, b b 8— b 40 5 ; by snakes, 45 15. Tablets, Mir. 34 12-15. b Strangury, cure for, Mir. 31° 1-4. Tail, Ph.8 35. b a a Streams, origin of, PI. 22 25 ff. Tamarisk, PL 20 8, 27 1 1 Strength of character, Ph. loa i6, Tangent, Mech. 49^17; Lin. 71* b 25, 29, 36, 2, 7, 10, 13, 24, 26, 16, 17. a 35, n n. Tangential direction, Mech. 52* 12. a b b Stringed instruments, Aud. o 6, i Tarandos, Mir. 32 9. b a b b b 17, 2 14-18, 3 28- 2, 3 23-38, Tarentum, Mir. 32 2i, 40*6; a b 4 i7, 28, 38. Vent. 73 14. b a Strymon, Vent. 73 18. Tares, PL 2i 32. . INDEX Tartessus, Mir. 44* 17. Thought, Lin. contact of, with ob- b b Taulantians, Mir. 32* 5, 42 14. jects, 68 l, 69*31; movement Taurus, Vent, 73*18. of, quickest kind of movement, Tawny, see Yellow. 68* 25, does not involve continua b Taygetus (Mt.), Mir. 7. and substrata, 46 69* 33 ; objects of, Teeth, Ph. 1 1*23 ; see also Dentist, 68* 17. Tooth-extractor. Thrace, Thracians, Ph. 5* 27 ; Mir. b b b a b Temper, Ph. 9*35-38, 1 i 3 ; see 3i 29, 32 28,33*24,4i 28, i5, also Anger, Ferocity, Hot temper. 11 Vent. 42*5, ; 7^ 17. Temples (of the head), Col. 98* 22 Thracias wind), Vent. b ; (NNW. 73 b 12* b Ph. 8 6, 28, 27 ; (buildings), 17- Mir. of Achilles in Tarentum, s Threshing-floors, Mir. b 42* 40 35 9, 7 ; II ; of Apollo, in Croton, 40*21, Vent. 73*15. b b in Sicyon, 34 24 ; of Artemis, in Throat, Aud. 4 26. b an Adriatic island, 39 18, in Thrown objects, travel a distance b Peucetia, 40 18 ; of Athena, in proportionate to the strength of b s b Daunia, 4o 2, in Gargaria, 40 the thrower, Mech. 58*24- 4; 27—35 > of Demeter at Eleusis, why they eventually stop, 58* 13- b 43 I ; of Diomede in Diome- 16. deia, 36*8 ; of Dionysus in Cras- Thunder, Aud. 3* 3. b tonia, 42 a 18; of Zeus, at Pedasa, Thunderbolt, Mir. 36 2. b b b 44 6, in Peucetia (?) 40 24. Thurium, Mir. 46 33. 1 Tendrils,/ /. 18*15. Thyme,/'/. 21*31. b b Tenos, Mir. 32 26, 45 21. Tides, in Straits of Messina, Mir. b Teos, Vent. 73* 20. 34 3- Terebinth, PI. 20b 4i. Tigris, Mir. 46*31. b Terror, see Fear. Tiller, Mech. 5o 30, 51*35. b b Thasian wares, Mir. 39 7. Timaeus, the Locrian, Mir. 47 7. Theatre, Mir. y£° 18. Time, Lin. composite times con- ' b Thebanas (NE. wind), Vent. 73*9, sisting of simples ', 7o 9 ; in- b 2. finite and finite, 69* 29 ; theory Thebe, Vent. 73*9. that it consists of discrete ele- b Thebes, Mir. 43b 2i. ments, 71* 16-20, denied, 7i 4. b also Themis, Mir. 38* 24. Timidity, Mir. 46 35 ; see Theodorus (the R. Douro), Mir. Cowardice. b Tin, Col. b Mir. 35*10, 36* 33 l S- 94 9; t. in cold, 34*7- Thermal, lake, Mir. 36*30-34; 26 ; Celtic melts spring, 39* 22. 11. Thespiadae, Mir. 38b 16. Tincture, coloration by, Col. 91*5, b b b b b Thessaly, Mir. 32* 14, 4i 9, 42 10, 93* 24- 2, 94* i6- l 1, 95* 26, 5- b b a a 3~8. 45 l6, 21, 46 10. 20, 96 23, 97 Thievishness, Ph. 10* 8. Tlepolemus, Mir. 40*24. b (Mt.), Mir. 47* 8. Thighs, Ph. 9 7, 29, 10* 4, 35-37, Tmolus 1 ' Be )( Not-to-Be ', MXG. 79* II* 1 position of, in rising from To ' ; b b a sitting posture, Mech. 57 23, 25 ff., 2 ff. Toes, Ph. io* 20-24. 24, 33) 34- Things are not words, MXG. 8ob Tomb, miraculous, at Lipara, Mir. b b ; Deiope, 18. 38 30-39* 1 1 of 43 3. b b Thirst resulting from snake-bite, Tongue, Aud. i 8, 4 28. b Tooth-extractor, mechanics of, Mir. 46 1 5. Thole-pin, Mech. 5ob 11, 16, 22, 25, Mech. 54* 16-31. 31*27-31. 27,5i a i8- Tortoise, Mir. . . b u bh Touch, sense of, Aud. 14. PI. 20* 20 ; their form, 27 3 Thorns, b b Col. 1 ff. ; of Cean Touchstone, 93 12 ; their origin, 27 6 b 30-37* 30-35, pear, poisonous, Mir. 45* 15. Trade, Mir. 36 6, b a b 44*i7-34- Thorn-tree, PI I9 8. 39 34- 9 5 Mir. 39*2-11. Thorny plants, PL 27*1. Trance, tale of a, ; ; INDEX b Translucent medium, Col. 93 34~ Unguents, fatal to vultures, Mir. a a 94 i5- 45 35 > stupefy bees, 32* 3. b b Transplantation, PL 2o 32 ; effects Unit, Lin. of measurement, 68 8ff, a 15 of, 2i 30 ff. 16, 69 8 ; is there a simple u. in a Transposition, of the One, impos- every class of quanta ? 68 2, h a sible, 74*20, possible, y6 38 ff. affirmed, 68 8 ; simple units in Trapezus, Mir. 3i b 23. objects of sense and thought, 68 a a b Treacherousness, Ph. n 17. 17, 18 ; u.-square, 68 16, 20. Tree- honey, Mir. 3i b 27. Unity of Being no more proved b b Trees, PL aromatic, 2o 26 ; barren, than multiplicity, MXG. 74 24 ; a fertilization of, 2i 12 ; colour in, see also One. b b 27 17 ff. ; defined, io, 3 ; a divi- Unknowable, Gorgias' view that if a a sion of plants, I9 4i ; distinguish- anything is, it is u., MXG. 79 b b ing, methods of, 2i 27 ; Egyp- 11, 80*8-19, i7. tian, I9a i2; garden-t., I9b Unlimited, MXG. 76* 16, 20, b 36, 36 ; a b 2i l, 24; greenness in winter, Anaxagoras' use of the term, 75 a reason of, 29 25 ; maturation of, 16-19 : Melissus' use of the term, b a a production of leaves ; nature of the u., 29 18-23 5 75 29-30 78 a a b fruit in, ff. is u., and 27 7 ; propagation 17-20 ; Being 74 9~n, 8, b b 6a b b of, 20 29 ff. ; varying productive- 22, 75 37, 7 4, 22, 9, 79 22, b b b ness of, 2i i2ff. ; wild t., I9 this view criticized, 75 34 ff, a b 37, 2I 1. denied, 76 35 ; the u. cannot a b Triangle, Mech. similar triangles,5i exist anywhere, 79 23 ; the 24 ; Lin. a t. can be constructed depths of the earth and air are a b of any three straight lines, 7o 8 u., ff. ; God is neither ; 76 32 h if formed of three indivisible lines limited nor u., 77 3, 20, this a a b will be equilateral, 70 9, 10 ; in view criticized, 78 i6- i4 ; more b an equilateral t. a perpendicular than one thing cannot be u., 76 h 11 from the apex bisects the base, 9, Not-being is u., 77 3-5, 78 25 a a 7o 11 ; the ideal t., 68 12. if Not-being is u., why should not a Tridents, for catching fish, Mir. Being also be u. ? 78 26-37. h ' b 37 IS- Unmoved )( not moving ', 78 a a Tripolis, Vent. gulf of, I7ff. ; is neither u., 73 13 ; 73 19. God moved nor b b Triptolemus, Mir. 43 4. 77 10,20; N ot-being is not neces- s b Troy, Trojans, Mir. 40 14, 16, 8. sarily u., because Being is moved, a a b Trumpet, Aud. i 28, 3 24-26. 78 15, 16 ; see also Motion. Truth )( falsehood in cognition, Uprightness, see Justice. a MXG. 8c* 10 ff. Uranion (Mt.), Mir. 4i 10. a b a Tunny, where frequent, Mir. 44 Urine, Mir. 35 29, 45 33. 24-34- Utica, Mir. 44a 6. Turpentine, Mir. 37* 33. b b a Turtle-dove, Mir. 30 13. Vanity, Ph. lo 32, I3 12. a a b b Twigs, PL i8 12, 16, I9 39- Vapour, PL in baths, 22 19-22, 24 Twins and triplets, common in 25-34; in the composition of s b b Umbria, Mir. 36 23. plants, 24 6 ; in the earth, 22 b v. Tyana, Mir. 45 33. 27, 29 ; fresh from salt water, a b Tydidae, Mir. 4o 7. 24 2lff. Tyrrhenian, see Etrurian Sea. Vargariaton, PL 19* 12. b b Tyrrhias, in Cyprus, Mir. 33*31. Vegetables, PL I9 2, 18, 28 i5; b defined, I9 9. s b a Umbrians, Mir. 36 19. Veins, Aud. 4 27 ; Ph. I2 29 ; v. a Ungenerated, MXG. 75^ 38, 76*4, of plants, PL i8 6, 11, 19*36. b s ' II, ; is u., Velocities ', ' parallelogram of 7, 21 Being 74 23, 75 ', b a b 23» 35> 76 8, 79 i7ff, is either Mech. 54 16 ff. b u. or has come to be, 79 2i ff. Venetians, see Heneti. God is no more u. than anything Versified history, by Polycritus, h b else, 7j 24. Mir. 40 32. i INDEX Vertical, vertically, b Meek. 49* i, Wandering Isles, the, Mir. 39 19. 52*27,55^19. Washing alluvial metals, Mir. 33^ a Vibration in a long plank, 57 7, 8, 26. 25-27. Wasps, feed on vipers, Mir. b 32- b 44 Villany, Ph. n 22. 35- b Vine, PL i8 37, 20*16,^38; 'mad' Water, Col. colour of, naturally Libyan v., Mir. 46* 38. a b white, 9i 2, 92 23, 95*11 ; when b Violet colour, Col. 92* 7, 15-29, io, ruffled, black, 9i a 20-25, or pur- a a o6b b a 21, 97* . 93 6, 94 4, 7, 99 3 ple, 92 2i ; when smooth, varie- b b Violets, Mir. 36 16. gated, 93 9; when stagnant, a b b Viper, Mir. 3i 27, 44 32, 45 19, black, green and other hues, 94b b 18-21 arrow-poison b a b 46 ; made 23-34 (cp. 9i 25), 96 n-i7,97 its b a from venom, 35. 2-7 ; in drops, lustrous, 44 93 15 ; ' h a b a Visinertiae', Mech. si 36, 58 8,9. a translucent medium, 93 30, 94 Vision, acuity of, increased a by 5 ; PI. element of, in plants, 22 copper, b also a Mir. 34 27 ; see 1 3, 28 26 ; fresh w. rises above Eyesight, Sight. a b salt, 24 31, l5 ; the material of a b Voice, Aud. o 1, affected by mode plants, 24 12 ; naturally fresh, a a a of emitting breath, o i7-i 2o, 24 5 ; naturally rises above the b 22-26, 2a b a 6- b i-4, 2-7, 29-39, 3 earth, 23 3, 24* 8 ; no rarity in, b a w., b 23, 2-9, 18-22, 4 9, 17-28, 33, 23*6 ; running 23 27 ; salt w. b b 8-26, by structure of lungs, unfavourable to plants, 24 35 &J a a b mouth and windpipe, o 17— 9, Mir. impregnated with salt,44 9~ a a by condition of these organs, i 22, with soda, 34 31 ; Mech. ob- a b a 10-20, 3 10-18, 1 8-22, 4 17-21, jects in whirling w., why carried to b b 1 2i qualities of, — aspirated the middle, 58 5-3 ; progression ; )( b smooth, 4 8-1 1 ; breath-like, Ph. through w. slower than through b b air, Democritus' 7 35 ; broken, Aud. 4 11-26; 51*17; MXG. a b b clear )( dim, o 14, i 22-31, view of, 75 28 ; an eternal ele- a a b b the universal ele- 40, 2 5 ; cracked, 4 37- 8 ; deep ment, 75 5; a a b b )( shrill or piercing, i 9, 3 6- ment, 75 23, 76* 18, i ; w.-birds, a b a a a b I3 Ph. io ; w.-lily, PI. 8, 4 27 ; Ph. 6 27, 7 13-24, 23 25 35 ; b b a b 3i- 6; distinct, Aud. i 1-15, w.-plants, 25 40 ff., 26 30 ff. a 21, 28; 'grey' )( 'white', 2 Watering, effect of, on plants, PI. a b a 2; hard )( soft, i 16-18, 2 3o- 2i 38. b a ; harsh, or rough, Watery places, plants growing in, 3 i Ph. I3 35 ; b a b b 26 ff. Aud. 2 4, 3 2-9, 4 3~8 ; hoarse, PL 9 b a b b of birds, Col. 14. i 12-15 ; hollow, o 36; Ph.is Wattles 99 a b 2 (note). 2 piping, Aud. 21-28 ; sim- Weasel, Mir. 32 ; 4 a b ' 8 ple, Ph. I3 2 ; strong or loud Weasel-armed ', Ph. 31. b of, Mech. s )( weak, Ph. 6 27, 7* 23-25, Wedge, mechanics 53 b b a ; compared with axe, 22. 35> I3 31 ; thick )( thin, Aud. 19-31 53 b a physiognomic infer- Weights, Mech. carried by two 3 i8~4 28 ; a b b ence from the v., Ph. 6 3i, 27, persons on a piece of wood, 57 a b a b force of w. increased by 7 13-24, 35, I3 3l- 6. 9-1 1 ; b b large w., Void, the, MXG. 76 4, 5, 12, 13, movement, 53 18-23 ; a b it, weighed with steelyard, 53 25- 34, 8o* ; views regarding 76 7 b a raised, lever, 2, 50* 14 ff. 54 15, by 47 b b a 3i-b Volaterra, Mir. 37 32 (note). 30- 9, by pulleys, 53 *3; s a imperceptible in small Volcanoes, Mir. 33 - 10-23, 40 1-5, small w. b ' a a ; w. of a swipe 4i 20-25, 46 9-i6. balances, 49 29 ', a b Volume, of honey, constant when 57 35> 4, 5- b ijr , a frozen, Mir. 3i b 3l. Wells, Mir. 34 I ; Mech. 57 34. a b 20b 21*32; Vomiting, Aud. 4 i8. Wheat, PL I9 14, 8, a s asserted origin at Enna, Mir. 3G Vulture, Mir. 35 2~5, 45 35. Waist, Ph. iob 4-7. 21-36. b i8, 52*24, Walnuts, PL 2ob 12. Wheels, Mech. 5i 30; ;; 2 ;; INDEX b dedicated in temples, 48*25 14, i8, 13*27; gait of, 13*15; b b b potter's w., 5i 2o. voice of, I3 i, And. 3 2o; ex- Whirling water, objects in, why car- cluded from worship of Agamem- b riedtothe middle, Mech. 58 5-31. nonidae, Mir. 40* 9 ; hardiness b b Whirlpool, Mir. 32 4. of Ligurian, 37 20-23 ; Trojan, in b White, Col. the natural colour of Daunia, 4o 9 ; see also Female, Sex. air, earth and water, a simple Wood, as a dye, Col. 94* 18 ; mode a of testing, colour, 91*3-7, 94 5, 95* u; in Aud. 2*32; PL of b blends, 92*8, 16, 94*1-15, 95 i9, plants and trees, 18*7, 9, 19*33, 15 2i b b b 96 14 ; other references, 93* 8, 10, 27 26 ; aromatic, 2o 27 ; b b rarity in, piece of, 94 2, 95*10-15, 32, 96*22, 4, 23*24 ; Mech. b 24, 97 2, 15, 21, 98*15-^5, 27- how most easily broken across b 99*1, 19; Ph. (KevKdxpovs), 8*34, the knee, 52 22-28, splits most b b b 5; (exXeuKoy), 12*13, 5; (XevKos), easily from one end, 56 7; weight b carried on, persons, b 12*13, 5 5 w.-leaved rod of by two 57 ' Phasis, Mir. 46* 29 ; w.' as an 9ff.; why it must be violently accidental predicate, Mech. 56* struck with an axe in order to be cut, b 35 ; w. lead, MXG. 78* 10, 15. 5 3 14-24. Whiteness in plants and trees, PL Wooden horse, Mir. 40*30. b b b 2o 2i, 27 i9, 30. Woodpecker, habits of, Mir. 3 i 5-9. b b Wild, boar, Ph. 6 9; PI. fig, 21* Wool, dyeing of, Col. 94* 32- 7. b b 23; fruit, 2o 1 5, 23; olive, 21*25; Woolly hair, Ph. i2 3o. plane, b 4i plants, b Words, expression of things in, 20 ; I9 29, 30, b b 21*40; trees, I9 37, 21*1. MXG. 8o 6-9; things are not Willow, PL 20*8. w., 8ob i8. b b Windlass, Mech. 52 12-21, 53 12. Worms, PL 25*4: Windpipe, and quality of voice, Wormwood, PL 20* 36. b a b And. 0*20, 28, 20-i i3, 3*10- Wrinkles, 7 4, 8*8. b 18, 4*19, i8. Xenophanes, concerning volcanoes, Winds, names of, in Vent., N., Mir. ; 76* ; his Boreas, also Pagreus; NNE., 33* 16 MXG. 32 views b criti- Meses, also Caunias, stated, 77* i3- 20, Idyreus b cized, 21-79* IO - NE., Caecias, also Caunias, The- 77 banas ; E., Apeliotes, also (Bere- Yard-arm, raising of, increases cyntias), Cataporthmias, Helles- speed of ship, Mech. 5i*38-b6. pontias, Marseus, Potameus, Sy- Yellow, Col. the colour of fire, a riandus ; SE., Eurus,also Carbas, simple colour, 91* 4 ; in parts of Phoenicias, Scopeleus ; SSE., b plants, 95*5, 33, 96 i2, 15, 97* Euronotus, also Amneus ; S., b b 15-20 ; of hair, 97 7, 98* 5, 32, Notus; SSW\,Leuconotus; SW., a b 33, 99 3, 7; Ph. 9 25> 12*15 Lips; W., Zephyrus; NW., Ia- b (' tawny ; of eyes, 1 3 (' chest- pyx, also Argestes, Pharangites, ') nut ') y. hair, from bathing in Scylletinus; NNW., Thracias, ; R. Crathis, Mir. 46*36; y. -green, also Circias, Olympias, Sciron. b a Col. 27, 95* 23> 25. b 94 29, 13, 97 Wine, Col. 94*22, w.-colour, 92 7, b b 95 l, 28, 96*9; Mir. made of Zeno, Lin. 68*19, 69*26, i7 ff. b honey, 33*6-13; miraculous cal- MXG. 76*25, 79*4, 23, 25, 37. b drons of, at Elis, 42*25-34: w.- Zephyrus (W. wind), Vent. 73 12. b merchant, 32 2i. Zeus, born in Crete, Mir. 36* 29 b Wings, of statues, And. 2*39; of fountain of Z. Horcios, 45 33; at b birds, see Plumage. Pedasa, temple of, 44 6, worship b Wisdom, Ph. 8 i. of, 44*35- Wolf, a Ph. ii 17 ; Mir. 36*27. Ziara, PL -2.& 5. h Women, character of, Ph. g i, 12* Zones, third and fourth, PL 1& 14. Oxford : Horace Hart, M.A., Printer to the University THE WORKS OF ARISTOTLE TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF W. D. ROSS M.A. FELLOW AND TUTOR OF ORIEL COLLEGE VOLUME VI OPUSCULA BY T. LOVEDAY E. S. FORSTER L. D. DOWDALL H. H. JOACHIM OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1913 HUMPHREY MILFORD M.A. PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD LONDON, EDINBURGH, NEW YORK, TORONTO MELBOURNE AND BOMBAY NOTE Professor J. A. Smith has retired from the position of joint-editor of this series, but will act as a general adviser. The Index has been made by Messrs. Forster and Loveday, with the aid (as regards the De Mirabilibus Auscultationibus) of Mr. Dowdall. W. D. R. Feb. 1 91 3. CONTENTS DE COLORIBUS By T. Loveday and E. S. Forster. DE AUDIBILIBUS By T. Loveday and E. S. Forster. PHYSIOGNOMONICA By T. Loveday and E. S. Forster. DE PLANTIS By E. S. Forster. DE MIRABILIBUS AUSCULTATIONIBUS By L. D. Dowdall. MECHANICA By E. S. Forster. DE LINEIS INSECABILIBUS By H. H. Joachim. VENTORUM SITUS ET COGNOMINA By E. S. Forster. DE MELISSO, XENOPHANE, GORGIA By T. Loveday and E. S. Forster. INDEX