Cachiers Pluridisciplinaires Artistiques Et Culturelles

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Cachiers Pluridisciplinaires Artistiques Et Culturelles DE LA CRÉATIVITÉ Cachiers Pluridisciplinaires D’ÉTUDES LITTÉRRAIRES, Artistiques et Culturelles 2 Sous la direction de Ghislaine Sathoud et Chérif Seck, Ph.D. De la créativité Préface de Désiré Baloubi Professor of English & Linguistics Chair of the Department of Humanities Shaw University, NC Wasteland press, Inc. 3 © C.P.E.L.A.C., Élizabeth City State University 4 Comité de rédaction Rédactrice en chef Ghislaine Sathoud, écrivain, Montréal, Canada Rédacteur adjoint Chérif Seck, Ph.D. Coordonnateur du programme des manuels et autres outils didactiques (TLMP) d’ECSU Assistant éditeur Abdou Maty Sène, Ph.D. Directeur du programme des manuels et autres outils Didactiques (TLMP) d’ECSU. Comité d’honneur Dr. Willie J. Gilchrist, Chancelier Elizabeth City State University (ECSU), NC. Dr. Ali A .Khan Vice-chancelier chargé des études Elizabeth City State University (ECSU), NC. Pr. Claude de Grève Ancien Professeur de littérature comparée à l’université de Paris X, Belgique Pr. Assane Seck, Ancien Ministre d’État Professeur de géographie Dakar, Sénégal Pr. Madior Diouf, Ancien Professeur de littérature africaine UCAD, Dakar/Sénégal 5 Comité scientifique John Luton, Ph.D. Mohamed Mbodj, Professeur de langues et Associate Professor of History littératures Manhattanville Collège, New York Elizabeth City State University, NC Nacer Khelouz, José S. Gil, Ph.D. Assistant professeur, littérature Professeur de langue et française littératures University du Missouri à Kansas Elizabeth City State University, NC City Richard S. Freeman, Modou Ndiaye, J.D. Center Dean Professeur Graduate School of Management Département de lettres modernes of Devry University, GA UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal Papa Guèye, Ibra Diène, Professeur de littérature française Professeur de littérature française Département de lettres modernes Département de lettres modernes UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal Ibou Diawara, Birahim Thioune, Maître de conférences, italien Maître de conférences Département de lettres classiques Département de lettres modernes UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal Falilou Ndiaye Moussa Daff Professeur Professeur Département de lettres modernes Département de lettres modernes UCAD, Dakar/Sénégal UCAD, Dakar/Sénégal Kassim Traoré Cheryl Luton, Ph.D. Assistant professeur Assistant Professor. School of sciences, Mathematics, Department: School of Education technology, Aviation Science & psychology Program ECSU ECSU Désiré Baloubi, Ph.D. Professor of English & Linguistics Chair of the Department of Humanities Shaw University, NC 6 Sommaire Préface……………………………………………………………………………..8 Mot de la rédactrice Réflexions sur la créativité………………………………………………………..11 Jeanne Poulin (Canada) Searching for Absolutes in a Sea of relativism : Seleted Aspects of Augustine’s Confessions…………………………………17 J W Luton & Jose Gil (USA) La promotion culturelle par le livre voyageur : l’exemple de la bibliotheque tournante…………………………………………29 Birahim Thioune (Senegal) Yasmina Khadra’s Detective Fiction as Postcolonial Genre…………………36 Vandana gavaskar (USA) De la diversité dans l’espace francophone……………………………………48 Ghislaine Sathoud (Canada) Musical Intertextuality in Toni Morrion’s Jazz…………………………………64 Judah-Micah Lamar (USA) Dino Buzzati et Ernest Hemingway : aux confins de la chronique le roman…………………………………………..78 Chérif Seck (USA) The Role of African American Dialect in Literature from 1800 to 1970………………………………………………..104 Mary-Lynn Chambers (USA) L’émigration, opportunite ou menace pour l’Afrique………………………..124 Radouane Bnou-Nouçair (Canada) Caroline & Cobbett……………………………………………………………130 John Gardner (UK) Leo Tolstoy in Caribbean Imagination : the Importance of nieneteenth-Century Russian Literature………………… 141 Evadons-nous…………………………………………………………………150 7 Préface L’objectif principal de cette préface est de nous inviter tous à réfléchir profondément sur la thématique de notre journal, Cahier Pluridisciplinaire d’Etudes Littéraires, Artistiques et Culturelles. La valeur et profondeur de cette thématique réside essentiellement dans la responsabilité individuelle et collective que nous avons de mettre en relief et de façon équitable les différents prismes avec lesquels les autres perçoivent et interprètent le monde qui se rétrécit à une vitesse de croisière à peine imaginable sans l’avancée inexorable de la révolution actuelle des technologies de l’information et de la communication. Ce qui paraît fondamentalement préoccupant, ou à la limite inquiétant, est le risque d’ignorer, de sous-estimer ou d’expulser de façon quasi systématique certaines langues, cultures et littératures. Peut-être n’offusquerait-on personne en suggérant que celles-ci pourraient bien jouer un rôle déterminant dans le sens de la refondation de notre histoire commune. Cette proposition est réaliste d’autant plus qu’elle constitue une composante incontournable à l’heure même de la globalisation où la connaissance et reconnaissance de l’autre, c’est- à dire l’alter ego, deviennent des vecteurs de développement dans un climat de confiance et de respect mutuels. Alors, les langues, les cultures et littératures non-Indo Européennes, c’est bien d’elles qu’il s’agit! Elles sont jusque-là très peu connues parce que beaucoup moins explorées que celles qui nous rangent et nous regroupent bien souvent paradoxalement en nous attribuant des identités culturelles francophones, anglophones, hispanophones et lusophones parfois sinon toujours très complexes à définir. Eh bien, clamons-le tout haut ! Tant que les langues, du moins tel que nous les utilisons, les littératures et toutes les œuvres artistiques que nous nous approprions cachent derrière elles une aire géographique correspondant à une entité culturelle, le vocable africaphonie, par exemple, qui semble prendre de l’ampleur ces dernières années, se justifierait autant que ceux qui le précèdent. Enfin, les langues, les cultures et littératures chinoises, africaines, arabes, juives et que sais-je encore, méritent aussi notre attention parce qu’elles enrichiront la qualité de nos articles et renforceront inéluctablement la réputation internationale de notre journal. Alors du Tibet à Durban, de Dassa ou Djougou à Dijon et de Campeche aux Séchelles, comme de Paris à Londres ou Alaska, nous cultiverons davantage tout ce qui nous rassemble plutôt que ce qui nous sépare pour garantir un lendemain meilleur aux générations futures. 8 Préface Malgré les turbulences sociopolitiques et les crises économiques actuelles sur notre planète, il est encore permis de rêver d’un monde paisible, riche et prospère où nos droits humains, nos libertés individuelles et collectives ainsi que nos patrimoines culturels sont respectés et préservés. A vrai dire, dans un monde qui se veut plus juste, plus ouvert et plus tolérant, il ne peut en être autrement. Désiré Baloubi, Ph.D. Shaw University, NC, USA 9 Mot de la rédactrice Quand la créativité se conjugue au pluriel Nous vous présentons le second numéro de notre revue. Si notre précédente publication élaborait des réflexions autour du thème de « La rupture », celle que vous avez sous les yeux, est placée sous le signe « De la créativité ». La revue « Cahiers Pluridisciplinaires d’Études Littéraires, Artistiques et culturelles » reste dans le prolongement de notre plan d’action, lequel vise à proposer des numéros thématiques et non thématiques. Pour cette nouvelle édition, la moisson a été abondante : nous avons collecté un florilège de textes illustrant la pluralité des formes d’expression qui enrichissent le domaine des arts. Notre comité de lecture et notre comité éditorial ont réalisé un excellent travail d’équipe pour sélectionner les textes qui composent ce numéro. Il faut le dire : cette cohésion réaffirme, simplement, notre fidélité à notre ligne éditoriale ! Au fond, nous restons fidèles à nos engagements et nos objectifs de départ : proposer une grande variété de textes à nos lectrices et lecteurs. Si l’on s’en tient à la diversité des champs explorés ici ainsi qu’aux analyses proposées par les personnes ayant contribué à ce numéro, nous pouvons affirmer que nous ne nous éloignons pas de nos objectifs. Force est de constater, en effet, que les contributions réunies dans ce volume présentent des expertises provenant de milieux divers et variés. Le fait que les articles soient diversifiés, tant au niveau des thématiques abordées qu’à celui des genres littéraires, confirme que nous sommes sur la bonne voie. Mais encore et surtout, ces écrits parviennent à se rejoindre, d’une certaine manière, et mettent en évidence la créativité des contributrices et contributeurs. Et justement cet aspect revêt une importance particulière pour nous dans la mesure où nous avons voulu aborder ce sujet. Donc, nos collaboratrices et collaborateurs sont sur la même longueur d’ondes que nous. Alors pour conclure, disons simplement que nous parlons un langage commun : celui de la créativité… Bonne lecture ! Ghislaine Sathoud 10 Réflexions sur la créativité Jeanne Poulin (Canada) Résumé La créativité est un phénomène mystérieux, autant pour le créatif que pour la personne qui voudrait l'être. Si à elle seule l'imagerie du lobe frontal du cerveau ne suffit pas à tout expliquer, quelles sont donc les composantes qui agissent sur les multiples dimensions du processus créatif ? Et comment l'enseigner et l'encourager ? Un questionnement fluide qui demeure souvent sans réponse et une démarche intimiste accompagnent le lecteur dans cette quête qui ne sera ni neurologique ni psychologique mais plutôt une prise de conscience personnelle qui deviendra au fil des réflexions,
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