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The following alphabetical order is used here as throughout the volume: a, b, c, d, ð, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, þ, u, u¨, v, w, x, y, z, a¨,æ,o¨,ø,œ,ƒ,a˚, with no distinction made in alphabetization between vowels with an acute accent and those without. The following procedure has been adopted in this index for Icelandic personal names: names of modern scholars are given (as in the lists of references for each chapter) in the order patronymic (or surname) followed by given name. Other Icelanders are listed in the order given name followed by patronymic and/or any nickname or appellation; for example, Arno´rr Þo´rðarson jarlaska´ld, Eyvindr ska´ldaspillir. Page numbers in italics refer to figures.

Aall, Jacob 331 Alexanders 113, 167–8, 345 Abbo of Fleury 158 alphabet, adoption of Roman 184, 245–6 abbreviations Althing see assemblies manuscripts 261–2 Altuna stone 306, 418, 419 runes 424 Alvı´ss 87 Adam of Bremen Anders Sunesøn 230 on Icelandic government 225 Andersson, Theodore M. 104, 438, 451, on paganism 305–6, 313 466–7, 475 on the Scritefingi 130 annals 36–7, 152 on travel 132 Lƒgmannsanna´ll 252 work as modelCOPYRIGHTED 158, 159 Anne, MATERIAL St 39 Aðalbjarnarson, Bjarni 495 Anselm, St 342 Aebischer, Paul 378 anthropology, and mythology 10 Aethelstan, king of England 166, 504 Appalachian Mountains 299 affluence 13–18 archaeology 7–26 Akureyri 332 and saga historicity 75–6 Alcuin of York 339, 347–8 ships 127 Alexander de Villa-Dei 355, 358 as source for myth 306 Alexander the Great architecture see building styles Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Ari inn fro´ði (‘the Knowledgeable’) Bay of Fundy 299 Þorgilsson 147, 157–8, 302, 389 Bech, Benedikt Magnu´sson see Benedikt see also I´slendingabo´k Magnu´sson Bech Ari Jo´nsson 253 Becket, St Thomas 34 Ari Þorgeirsson 38 Bede, the Venerable 156, 158, 168, 317, A´ rnes 9 343 Arngrı´mr Brandsson 34, 38–9 Benedict, St 341 Arngrı´mur Jo´nsson 70, 72, 78, 392 Benedikt Magnu´sson Bech 217 A´ rni La´rentı´usson 32 Benediktsson, Gunnar 436 A´ rni Magnu´sson 64, 75, 213, 285, 324, 428 Benediktsson, Jakob 72 A´ rni Þorla´ksson, bishop of Ska´lholt 35, Bergen 232–3 and dance ballads 377 A´ rna saga biskups Þorla´kssonar 27, 37, 152, language 187 427, 433 laws 232, 238 Arno´rr Þo´rðarson jarlaska´ld (‘earls’ in poetry 128 poet’) 48–9, 273, 479, 481 runic inscriptions 415–16, 418 art, 12th-century 20 and spread of foreign literary influence artes poeticae 356–8 206, 212 Arthur, King 166, 170, 200 Bergr Sokkason 32, 34, 38 A´ sbirningar family 149 Bergsteinn Þorvaldsson blindi (‘the A´ sgarðr 309, 313 Blind’) 67, 217 A´ sgautr 125 Bergþo´rshva´ll, Bergþo´rshvoll 67, 104 Aspo¨ stone 413 berserks 520, 521 assemblies 8–9, 138, 139–43, 227, 503–5, Bible, the 508–12 first Icelandic edition 70 Law Council 226–7, 504, 510 influence on saga 113 origin 512–13 translations 343–7 Atli (Attila, king of the Huns) 88, 90, 91, Billings mey 526 454 Birka 181 Auden, W. H. 333 Birkibeinar, the 149 Auðr dju´pauðga (‘the Deeply Wealthy’) Bio¨rner, Erik Julius 325 Ketilsdo´ttir 123, 533–4 Bjarni Gissurarson 71, 72 Augustine, St 58, 355, 358 Bjarni Herjo´lfsson 299 Bjarni Jo´nsson Borgfirðingaska´ld 218 Babylon 199 Bjarni Thorarensen 73 Baetke, Walter 287 Bjo¨rketorp 180 Baffin Island see Helluland Bjo¨rn Einarsson Jo´rsalafari Bagge, Sverre 398, 440 (‘Jerusalem-farer’) 212 Baie de Vin (Wine Bay) 297 Bjo¨rn Jo´nsson of Skarðsa´ 428–9 bailiffs 151 Bjo¨rn Þorleifsson 39, 253 Baldr 91–2, 524, 526 Bjƒrn Brynjo´lfsson 253 Baldwin, king of Jerusalem 133 Bjƒrn buna Veðrar-Grı´msson 141–2 Balestrand 331 Black Death 153, 246 ballads 376–7 Blackwell, J. A. 327 Barnes, Geraldine 381, 384 Bla´land hit mikla (‘Blue-land the Bartholin, Thomas 323, 324 Great’) 198–9 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Blekinge inscriptions 180 Ba¨llsta 417 Bloch, R. Howard 442 Bo¨ðvarsson, Jo´n35 Bloxwich, John, bishop of Ho´lar 215 Blo¨ndal, La´rus H. 392–3 Cape Breton 299 Boer, Richard Constant 456 Cape Cod 299 Boniface VIII, Pope 243 Cape Farewell see Hvarf Borg 11 Carlson, Catherine 298 Bornholm 229 Cartier, Jacques 297 Borre 11 carts, ritual 304, 313 Boston 334 Cederschio¨ld, Gustav 378 Boyer, Re´gis 380, 441 cemeteries 18 Bragason, U´ lfar 466 see also burials 309 Chase, Martin 48 Bragi inn gamli (‘the Old’) Boddason Chicago 334 276–7, 479, 480 chieftain-priests 147 Brandr Jo´nsson, bishop of Ho´lar 167 chieftains 9, 139–41, 149, 226, 227, 512, Brandr Sæmundarson, Bishop 429–30 513–15 Brattahlı´ð 16, 498 Chre´tien de Troyes 192, 200, 373, 454 Breiðabo´lstaður 246, 253 Christian literature Breiðfjo¨rð, Sigurður see Sigurður Breiðfjo¨rð annals 36–7 bridal quest themes 457–8 Bible translations 343–7 Briem, Halldo´r see Halldo´r Briem Christian history 342–3 British Isles exempla 341–2 runic inscriptions 182 lists of saints’ feasts 29 see also individual countries by name manuscripts 248 Broby 132 moral treatises 347–50 Brown, George Mackay 334 prose of instruction 338–53 Bruun, Daniel 9 sermons 339–41, 359, 361, 362–3 Bru¨nger, Tanja 469 style 358–9, 361, 362–3, 368–70 Brynhildr Buðlado´ttir 88, 89–90, 454–5, translation into vernacular 29 523, 526–8 þy´ðingar helgar 29 Brynjo´lfr Steinraðarson 253 visions 40, 350–1 Brynjo´lfsdo´ttir, Valgerður 459 Christian literature: works Brynjo´lfur Sveinsson, bishop of Ska´lholt 83 ‘Dedication Homily’ 340 building styles Dialogues (Gregory) 341–2, 351 10th-century change 22–3, 24 Duggals leiðsla (‘Dougal’s Vision’) 351 halls 11, 12, 22–3 Elucidarius (Honorius) 342 long-houses 11, 22 Etymologiae (Isidore) 343 burials 10–11, 22 Heimsaldrar 343 cemeteries 18 Imago mundi (Honorius) 342–3, 345 ritual carts in 304 Niðrstigningar saga 351 ships in 127 Oculus sacerdotis 352 Byatt, A. S. 334 Rannveigar leiðsla 40, 351 Byock, Jesse L. 79–80, 105, 439 Un samedi par nuit, translation of 350 Byzantium 126 Senna æðru og hugrekkis (‘Debate between see also Constantinople; Mikligarðr Anxiety and Courage’) 349–50 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Speculum penitentis 352 on grammar and rhetoric 355 Speculum regale or Konungs skuggsja´ 348–9 Josephus 345 Stjo´rn 344–6 Lucan 113, 156, 164, 345 Viðrœða lı´kams ok sa´lar (‘A Debate between on metre and metrics 282 Body and Soul’) 350 Physiologus 339 De virtutibus et vitiis (Alcuin) 347–8 Ro´mverja saga 164–5, 168–9, 345 Visio sancti Pauli apostoli 350–1 Sallust 113, 156, 164, 345 Vitae patrum 341 as sources for 113 see also poetry: Christian poetry; saga: as Tro´jumanna saga 113, 165, 170 Christian literature; saints’ lives Clement IV, Pope 236 Christiania see Oslo cloth industry 137 Christianity Clover, Carol J. 292, 440, 518, 519, Avignon papacy 243 522 Christian voyages 132–3 Clunies Ross, Margaret church administration 35 on literary representation of women 522, church power in 12th century 50 523 church power in 145–7, 152–3 on myth 316–17, 438 church power in 145–6, 235–7, on Sturlunga saga 437, 438, 440 239 Collingwood, W. G. 333 church schools 50, 246 Comhaer, Bishop Godsvin 39 church’s attitude to rı´mur 210–11 Constantinople 125, 126 church’s attitude to vikivakar 215 see also Byzantium; Mikligarðr conversion as literary theme 457, 463, cooking 22–3 464–5, 469–71 cosmology 342–3 Icelandic adoption of 20–2, 28–9, 144–5, courtly style 360, 368, 380 184, 302–3 see also saga: riddaraso¨gur Icelandic church law 232–3, 236 courts, law Icelandic–French church links 348 effectiveness 227 influence on literature 94, 147–8, 157, Iceland 142, 507–8, 510–11 277, 279, 469 Norway 233–4, 239, 504–5 Norwegian adoption of 28, 396, 420–2 origin 513 Norwegian church law 232, 234, 235–7 241 and post-medieval reception of sagas 70 Craigie, William A. 270 reform attempts 31, 160 Craxton, John, bishop of Ho´lar 215 Reformation in Iceland 153 crime and punishment 238, 242, 504–5, Scandinavian adoption of 184, 302, 420–2 507–8, 510–11 status of Icelandic priests 146 see also dispute resolution; feuds and women 39–40 Cumbria 306 Christoffer, king of Sweden 241 cursus 362–3 Christopher, St 470 Cyprus 132 chronologies, of Gerlandus 32 churches 16, 22, 340 Dahl, Johan Christian 331 Ciklamini, Marlene 437–8 Da´lkr bo´ndi (‘the Farmer’) 252 classical literature and works drawing from Dares Phrygius 156, 165 113, 167–8, 345 Debes, Lucas Jacobsen 326 Germania (Tacitus) 303–4, 305 democracy 515 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Denmark sources 82–3 19th-century politics 330 translations 334 adaptation of romances 376 eddic poetry, the Poetic Edda see poetry: eddic adoption of Christianity 184, 420 poetry Gesta Danorum (Saxo) 307, 324 education history of kings 392, 450 church schools 50, 246 Icelandic rule 153 and sagas 77–8 interest in Old Norse literature 323–5, Edwards, Diana 48 329–30 Edwards, Paul 457 language 182–3, 184, 185–8 Eggert O´ lafsson 72 laws 229–31 Egill Skalla-Grı´msson medieval extent of 229 and Einarr ska´laglamm 480 Norwegian union 153 Hƒfuðlausn 274, 323, 424, 489 runic inscriptions 413 and metre 279 Dictys Cretensis 165 on own abilities 479 dispute resolution 148–9, 227, 233–4, 239, preservation of corpus 489 439 representation in Egils saga 107, 414–15 see also feuds (‘The Loss of Sons’) 267, 489, Djulefors stone 411, 423 491 Donatus, Aelius 282, 355, 357 and travel 411 drama, eddic poetry as 95–6 see also saga: family sagas: Egils saga dreams 436–7, 463, 499–500, 523 Eiðasko´gr 130 Driscoll, Matthew James 211 Eilı´fr Goðru´narson 43–4, 482, 489, 491–2 Dra¨vle stone 420, 421 Einar fo´stri 212, 217 Dublin 123, 533 Einar Sigurðsson, Rev. 218 Dume´zil, Georges 313–14 Einarr Gilson 206 Dunstan, St 32–3 Einarr Hafliðason 253 Dy´rafjo¨rður 9 ska´laglamm (‘Scale- tinkle’) 46, 480, 492–3 earthwork systems, Iceland 16–18, 17 Einarr Sku´lason 51, 128, 274 Ebel, Else 471 Einarr þambarskelfir (‘Paunch-shaker’ or Eberhard de Be´thune 355, 358 ‘Bowstring-trembler’) 397 economy Einarsdo´ttir, O´ lafı´a 441 affluence 13–18 Einarsson, A´ rni 9 medieval Iceland 136–9, 153 Einarsson, Stefa´n 193, 197 Edda (Snorri) Einfœtingaland (‘Uniped Land’) 123 on ars poetica 356 Eirı´kr, Archbishop 146 Gylfaginning (‘The Tricking of Eirı´kr, king of Denmark 132, 133 Gylfi’) 1–2, 308, 309–11, 315, Eirı´kr Magnu´sson 481 316–17 Eirı´kr Oddsson 389 Ha´ttatal (‘List of Verse Forms’) 280, Eirı´kr rauði (‘the Red’) 15, 120, 122 281–3, 309, 483 see also saga: family sagas: Eirı´ks saga rauða; poetry preserved in 48, 51, 92, 492 saga: family sagas: Grœnlendinga saga Ska´ldskaparma´l (‘Poetic Diction’) 53, Eirı´kr the Good, king of Norway 398 308–9, 483, 487–8 Eirı´kr Þro´ndarson 248 as source for myth 308–11 Ekrem, Inger 159 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Eliade, Mircea 312–13 euhemerism 318 Elizabeth of Scho¨nau 38 Eustace, St (formerly Placidus; Old Norse England Pla´cidus, Pla´citus) 29–30, 52 the Danelaw 223 Evans, David A. H. 131 Danish claims to 229 Eyjafjo¨rður, Eyjafjƒrðr 432, 508 government 503, 504 Eysteinn Erlendsson, archbishop of influence on Norse script 255–6 Niðaro´ss 146, 234, 394 interest in Old Norse literature 322–3, Eysteinn A´ sgrı´msson 49, 59–61, 274–5 326–7, 331–2, 332–3 Eysteinn, Archbishop see Eysteinn Erlendsson Knu´tr’s court and poetry 489 Eysteinn Haraldsson, king of Norway 51, 128 language and runic inscriptions 182, 185 Eysturoy 15 missionary work in Scandinavia 184 Eyvindr ska´ldaspillir (‘Poet-spoiler/ Viking raids on 124 Plagiarist’) 267, 480, 482 English literature Anglo-Norman 374 Faeroe Islands/Faeroe Bede 156 affluence 15, 16 Beowulf 93, 330, 410, 411, 422, 484 antiquities committee 332 Deor 93, 407 archaeology 11 Geoffrey of Monmouth 113, 156, 165–6, Færeyinga saga 161, 162, 332, 391–2 392, 451 Icelandic links with 123 influence on Norse 215, 275–80, 390 interest in Old Norse literature 332 Middle English 207 laws 235, 249 Thomas of Britain 191 manuscripts 249 Widsith 93 runic inscriptions and language 182, 184, Wulf and Eadwacer 276 185–8 entertainment sagas 123 fornaldarso¨gur as 449–52, 457 sea routes round 119–20 leikir 215 Fa´fnir 89, 418–20, 420, 421 and rı´mur 212 family life 141, 143–4 saga reading 66, 71–2, 202–3 farms and farming storytelling, prevalence of 288–90, 12th-century change 22 449–50 advice for farmers in eddic poetry 85 vikivakar 214–15 farmers and government 18–19, 138, Erlingr Skja´lgsson 397 139, 143, 468, 503, 505 Erlingsson, Davı´ð 209–10 farmers’ relationship to chieftains 514–15 erosion 138–9 medieval Iceland 136–7, 138 Estonia 184, 185 North Atlantic 15–16 ethics saga reading 66, 71–2, 202–3 Christian view of traditional 470–1 south Scandinavia 22 eddic poetry on 85 storytelling, prevalence of 288–90, 449–50 rune stones as sources 422 Fearnley, Thomas 331 and sagas 70–5, 102–5, 108, 110– feudemes 105 12, 148 feuds 102–5, 110–12, 148–9, 151, 439 Sturlunga saga 437–8 as þa´ttr theme 463, 465, 471–2 see also Christian literature women’s role 519 Eufemia, queen of Norway 376 Fidjestøl, Bjarne 481, 500 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Finland, language 183–4, 185 Gade, Kari Ellen 272, 277, 282, 466–7, Finnur Magnu´sson 320, 330 475 fishing 136–7, 138, 139, 153 Galicia 133 Fitela 93 Gallehus Golden Horn inscription 174–5 Fjellhammer Seim, Karin 415 Gamli kanoki 49, 53–5 Fjo¨lnismenn 332 Gamli sa´ttma´li (1262) 150 Flateyjarbo´k Garðarı´ki see Russia age and origins 250, 253 Gautland 495, 496 historical writings in 157, 162 Gefion 524 poetry in 51, 90, 92, 206 Geirrøðareyri (now Narfeyri) 250 sagas in 162 Gellir Þorkelsson 48–9 structure and contents 155, 399 Gellner, Ernest 515 þættir in 304, 467–8, 471, 473 gender issues Fljo´tsdalsheiðr 129–30 gender response to popular literature 213 Fljo´tsdalshe´rað 9 gender roles in sagas 108–9 Foley, John Miles 292–3 see also men; women food see cooking genealogies 431 Foote, Peter Geoffrey of Monmouth 113, 156, 165–6, on Jo´ns saga 36 392, 451 on laws 223 Gerðr 86, 316–17, 524, 526 on metre and metrics 272, 274 Gerlandus, chronology of 32, 36, 38 and runes 404 German literature and Sturlunga saga 435, 436 barditus 95 Forsa 423 Hildebrandslied 93 France influence on Norse 210, 275–8 interest in Old Norse literature 325 Nibelungenlied 307, 328 links with Icelandic church 348 Old High German literature 93 see also French literature Germany Frank, Roberta 519 connections with Iceland 39 freedom see democracy Germanic language 173–4 French literature interest in Old Norse literature 328–9 chansons de geste 191 linguistic influences on Scandinavia 187–8 Chre´tien de Troyes 192, 200, 373, 454 missionary work in Scandinavia 184 Marie de France 373, 455 Tacitus on 303–4, 305 sagas based on 373, 378–81 Gerpla (Laxness) 69 Freydı´s (daughter of Leifr Eirı´ksson) 530–2 giants 315, 316–17 Freyja 92, 304, 313, 315 Gı´sl Illugason 35, 36 Freyr 86, 304–5, 308, 313–14, 316–17, 524 Gı´slason, Bjo¨rn M. 330 Friðriksson, Adolf 9 Gı´sli Su´rsson 274 Friðþjo´fr of Sognefjord 331 Gissur Einarsson, bishop of Ska´lholt 251 Frigg 497, 524, 525 Gissur Sveinsson, Rev. 213 Frosta 504 Gizurr Hallsson 147, 169 Frosta peninsula 231 Gizurr I´sleifsson, bishop of Ska´lholt 29, 50, Frostuþingslƒg 223, 231, 232, 234, 504 145 Furðustrandir (‘Wonder Beaches’) 122 Gizurr Þorvaldsson 150, 434, 437 Fu¨rstenspiegel 349 Gjermundbu 11 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Glasisvellir, Glæsisvellir (‘glittering on Leifr’s nickname 129 plains’) 199, 452 setting 101 Glauser, Ju¨rg 111, 192, 197 travels in 122–3 Glendinning, Robert J. 436–7 women in 528–9, 530–3 Glæsisvellir see Glasisvellir Grœnlendinga þa´ttr (Einars þa´ttr Sokkasonar) goðar 139–41, 149, 226, 227, 512–15 471 Gokstad 127 runic inscriptions and language 182, 183, Gosforth Fishing Stone 306 185 Gotland 126, 229 sea routes to 120 government 503–17 settlement of 122, 162–3, 298 assemblies 8–9, 138, 139–43, 227, Gregory the Great 250, 341–2, 470 503–5, 508–12 Gregory IX, Pope 230 England 503, 504 Gregory X, Pope 236, 239 Iceland 12–13, 138, 139–43, 149, Greluto´ttir 15 150–1, 225, 505–15 grið 143–4 Norse society 12–13, 18–19 Grikkland (Greece) 126 see also kings and kingship; laws Grimm brothers 329 grammatical treatises Grı´mr geitskƒr 513 Artes grammaticae (Donatus) 355 Grı´mr Ho´lmsteinsson 33, 346 Doctrinale (Alexander) 355 Grı´mur Thorkelı´n 330, 333 De doctrina christiana (Augustine) 355 Gripsholm stone 125, 410, 423 First Grammatical Treatise 157, 187, Grotti 92 257–60, 281, 356, 363 Grundtvig, N. F. S. 320, 330 Fourth Grammatical Treatise 356, 357–8 Gra¨ter, Friedrich David 329 Graecismus (Eberhard) 355 Gro¨f16 Institutio oratoria (Quintilian) 355 Guðbrandur Þorla´ksson 70, 210 Institutiones grammaticae (Priscian) 355 Guðmundr (character from eddic poetry) Second Grammatical Treatise 356 88 Ska´ldskaparma´l (Snorri) 53 Guðmundr Arason, bishop of Ho´lar Third Grammatical Treatise (O´ la´fr and Bishop Pa´ll 31 Þo´rðarson) 53, 282–3, 356–7, 359 and female visionary 40 graves see burials Guðmundar saga biskups 34, 36–7, 37–9, Gray, Thomas 327 40, 252, 351 Greece see Grikkland and Icelandic church power 146–7 Greenland Prestssaga 36–7, 37–8 affluence 15 Guðmundr Ormsson 432 antiquities committee 332 Guðmundr the Powerful 109 derivation of name 120–1 Guðmundsson, Barði 513–14 Eirı´ks saga rauða Guðmundur Bergþo´rsson 217 historicity 161, 162–3, 295–300 Guðmundur O´ lafsson 325 on Leifr’s nickname 129 Guðnason, Bjarni 389, 391, 450 setting 101 Guðrı´ðr Þorbjarnardo´ttir 299, 531, 532–3 travels in 122–3 Guðru´n Gju´kado´ttir 88, 90, 91, 523, 526–7 women in 101, 528–30, 531, 533 Guðru´nHa´konardo´ttir 213 Grœnlendinga saga Gufudalur 58 historicity 161, 162–3, 295–300 Gula, Gulen 231, 504 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Gulaþingslƒg 131–2, 223, 231, 232, Hallgrı´msson, Jonas see Jo´nas Hallgrimsson 234, 504 Hallgrı´mur Pe´tursson 72, 83, 218 Gulf of St Lawrence 297–9 Hallr Þo´rarinsson 280, 281, 483 Gullo¨ld I´slendinga (Jo´nJo´nsson) 74 halls 11, 12, 22–3 Gummarp 180 Hallur Magnu´sson 216 Gunnarr Gju´kason (Gundaharius, king of the Halvorsen, Eyvind Fjeld 248, 378 Burgundians) 88, 89–90, 91, 93, Hamðir 91, 487 455, 527 Hamer, Andrew 472 Gunnar Pa´lsson 73 Hannes Hafstein 69 Gunnarr Ha´mundarson, Gunnar of The Happy Warriors (Laxness) 69 Hlı´ðarendi 66, 67, 80 Haraldr (brother of Ingvarr) 125 Gunnell, Terry 215 Haraldr bla´tƒnn (‘Blacktooth’), king of Gunner, bishop of Viborg 230–1 Denmark 184, 229, 420 Gunnhildr, queen of Norway 522 Haraldr harðra´ði (‘the Hard Ruler’) Gunnlaugr Leifsson 30, 36, 147, 265, 394, Sigurðarson, king of Norway 489 campaigns 125, 126, 494 Gunnlaugr ormstunga 274 in Morkinskinna 396 Gunnlƒð 524 Percy’s accounts of 327 Gylfi 309–10 and poetry 280–1, 415 Go¨taland 124 praise-poems for 48, 481 Ga˚rden under Sandet (GUS) 16 Haraldr ha´rfagri (‘Finehair’) 10, 158, 391, 481 Hafstein, Hannes see Hannes Hafstein Harris, Joseph 104, 438 hagiography see saints’ lives Hassmyra stone 422–3 Ha´kon, Duke 235 Haugen, E. 186 Ha´kon, Earl 43, 44, 481, 493 Haukadalur 29, 50, 149 Ha´kon Aðalsteinsfo´stri, king of Norway see Haukadal(u)r family 145, 147, 150, 432 Ha´kon the Good Haukr Erlendsson 119–20, 158, 252, 352 Ha´kon Ha´konarson gamli (‘the Old’), king of Haukr Valdı´sarson 216, 269–73 Norway 147, 149–50, 235, 367, health, Iceland 18 375, 395, 396, 398 Hebrides 123, 124, 183, 279, 533 Ha´kon Magnu´sson ha´leggr (‘the Highleg’), Hedeby 181 king of Norway 152, 344 Heimdallr see Rı´gr Ha´kon Sigurðarson see Ha´kon, Earl (‘The Circle of the World’) Ha´kon the Good, king of Norway 231, 396, (Snorri) 504 on Ari 157 Ha´lfdan the Black 396, 397 editions 327 Hallar-Steinn 484 manuscripts 252 Hallberg, Peter 434–5 as model for family sagas 113 Halldo´r Briem 332 on Norwegian history 231 Halldo´r Laxness 64–5, 69, 75, 79, 80 O´ la´fs saga helga 131, 394–5, 397, 465, Halldo´rsson, Bragi 497 467–8, 473, 485, 495, 496 Halldo´rsson, O´ lafur 217–18, 296, 468 poetry preserved in 51 Hallfreðr vandræðaska´ld (‘Troublesome- prologue 383 ’) 43, 44–6, 124, 496–7 sea-battles described in 127 Hallgerðr Hƒskuldsdo´ttir 76, 80 as source for myth 308 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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sources 389 Breta sƒgur 165–6, 170 structure and contents 396–7 Gyðinga saga 166–7, 345 Ynglinga saga 166, 308, 391, 534 Ro´mverja saga 164–5, 168–9, 345 Heinrekr, bishop of Ho´lar 147 Tro´jumanna saga 113, 165, 170 Heinrichs, Anne 437, 473 historical writing: works Helgado´ttir, Guðru´n P. 436 A´ grip af No´regs konunga sƒgum (‘Summary of Helgafell 153, 252 the History of the Kings of Nor- Helgason, Jo´n 196, 212, 213, 217, way’) 160–1, 391, 396 417 Eirı´ks saga rauða Helgason, O¨ gmundur 219 historicity 161, 162–3, 295–300 Helgi Hjƒrvarðsson 84, 87–8 on Leifr’s nickname 129 Helgi Hundingsbani 84, 87–8 setting 101 Heller, Rolf 435 travels in 122–3 Helluland (‘Flat-stone Land’, probably Baffin women in 101, 528–30, 531, 533 Island) 122, 299 Fagrskinna (‘Fair Parchment’) 124, 396, Hennøya 121 397 he´raðsrı´ki 149 Gesta Danorum (Saxo) 307, 324 Herder, Johann Gottfried von 73, 328–9 Grœnlendinga saga Herjo´lfsdalur 15 historicity 161, 162–3, 295–300 heroism on Leifr’s nickname 129 Christian view of 470–1 setting 101 sagas’ treatment of 109–10 travels in 122–3 Hertzberg, Ebbe 233 women in 528–9, 530–3 Heusler, Andreas 78, 285, 439 Historia de antiquitate regum Norvagiensium Hickes, George 326 (Theodoricus) 160, 390–1 Hildr (anchoress) 35, 36, 39, 40 Historia Norvegiae 159, 343, 391 Hildr Hro´lfsdo´ttir 522 Imago mundi (Honorius) 342–3, 345 Hill, Thomas D. 60, 470 No´regskonungatal (‘List of the Kings of Hillersjo¨ inscription 422 Norway’) 157 historical writing 155–72 Veraldar saga 168–9, 170, 343 family sagas as 112 see also I´slendingabo´k; Landna´mabo´k; saga: transmission 169–70 kings’ sagas; saga: political sagas historical writing: post-medieval Hjaltalı´n, Jo´n see Jo´n Hjaltalı´n Brevis commentarius de Islandia Hofmann, Dietrich 169 (Arngrı´mur) 70 Hofstaðir 11, 12 Crymogæa (Arngrı´mur) 70, 72 Ho´lar 29, 50, 153, 252 Gullo¨ld I´slendinga (The Golden Age of the Holm-Olsen, Ludvig 392–3 Icelanders)(Jo´nJo´nsson) 74 Holmsteinn 125 I´slandssaga handa bo¨rnum (The History of Holsten 229 Iceland for Children)(Jo´nas Holtsmark, Anne 451 Jo´nsson) 77 Holy Land, pilgrimages to 132–3 I´slenzkt þjo´ðerni (Icelandic Nationality) Homan, Theo 211 (Jo´nJo´nsson) 74 Homer 165 historical writing: pseudo-histories Honorius Augustodunensis 342–3, 345 163–8 honour see ethics Alexanders saga 113, 167–8, 345 Ho´p (‘Tidal Inlet’) 122 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Horn 119, 121 building styles 22–3 horses 129, 141 chieftains 9, 139–41, 149, 226, 227, 512, Horsford, Eben 334 513–15 hospitality 131 church power 145–7, 152–3 houses Danish rule 153 10th-century change 22–3, 24 earthwork systems 16–18, 17 halls 11, 12, 22–3 economic and social change 22 as homes 143–4 economy 136–9, 153 long-houses 11, 22 etymology of name 120 Hrabanus Maurus 58 first settlement 10–12, 121–2, 123, 136 Hrafn Oddsson 150 government 12–13, 18–19, 138, 139–43, Hreinsson, Viðar 436 149, 150–1, 225, 505–15 hreppr 143, 505–7 history 136–54 Hrı´mgerðr 88 language 182, 184, 185–8, 333 Hro´ðgeirr 125 law courts 142, 507–8, 510–11 Hro´mundr Gripsson 190 laws 150–1, 224–9, 235, 236, 246 Hruni 149 links with French church 348 Hudson river 299 links with Germany 39 Hugh of St Victor 348, 350, 391 links with Norway 119–20 Hugsvinnsma´l (didactic poem) 61, 269 manuscripts 249–53, 250, 251 human sacrifice 304–5 Norwegian rule 149–52 Hundingr 88 overland travel 129–30, 131, 141 Hvamms-Sturla Þo´rðarson 432, 435 place names 121 Hvarf (now Cape Farewell) 119, 121 post-medieval reception of Old Norse Hvı´ta´rholt 15 literature 64–81, 332 Hymir 86–7 republic declared (1944) 153 Hyndla 92 and rhetoric 356 Ha¨llestad stone 412–13, 422 script 254, 255, 257–61 Ha¨lsingland 423 settlement patterns 12–13 Ho¨gby stone 412, 423 status of priests 146 Hƒðbroddr 88 war (1235) 148–50 Hƒgni 89, 90, 91 Iceland’s Bell see I´slandsklukkan Hƒskuldr Þra´insson Hvı´tanessgoði 76 Icelandic Youth Movement 79 Iˆle de Bacchus (Isle of Bacchus) 297 Ibsen, Henrik 331 imagery Iceland sagas 368 14th century 152–3 saints’ lives 370 19th- and 20th-century politics 73–5, 79, Independent People see Sja´lfstætt folk 286 India, as saga setting 198 adoption of Christianity 20–2, 28–9, Indrebø, Gustav 395 144–5, 184, 302–3 Ingi, king of Norway 51 affluence 13–18 Ingo´lfr 121 Age of the Sturlungar 149 Ingstad, Helge 297 antiquities committee 332 Ingvarr 125 archaeology 7–26 inheritance assemblies 8–9, 508–12 laws 238, 242 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:22 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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and rune stones 422 John the Baptist, St, sagas about 33, 346 as saga theme 453 Jo´msvı´kingar, the 162 insurance 506 Jo´n Arason 213 Ireland Jo´n Birgisson, archbishop of Niðaro´ss 51 influence on Norse literature 277, 279 Jo´n Einarsson 227 language 182, 183 Jo´n Gissurarson 428 sea routes round 119–20 Jo´n Guðmundsson lærði (‘the Learned’) 217, Viking activities in 123, 124 218 Irnerius 237 Jo´nHa´konarson 253, 399 Isidore of Seville 343 Jo´n Halldo´rsson, bishop of Ska´lholt 192, 376 I´slandsklukkan (Laxness) 64–5, 67 Jo´n Hallsson 217 Isle of Man see Man, Isle of Jo´n Hjaltalı´n 200 I´sleifr Gizurarson, bishop of Iceland 28–9, Jo´nJo´nsson að Kvı´abekk 217 145, 246 Jo´n kollur (‘Pate’) Oddsson 253 I´slendingabo´k (‘The Book of Icelanders’) (Ari) Jo´n Leifs 329 age, sources and contents 157–8 Jo´n Loptsson 146 end 389 Jo´nO´ lafsson Indı´afari 213 on Greenland 15, 120 Jo´nPa´lsson Marı´uska´ld 216 on Icelandic adoption of Christianity Jo´n rauði (‘the Red’), archbishop of 184 Niðaro´ss 152, 232, 235, 236, 239 on Icelandic government 141, 508–13 Jo´n Rugmann 324–5 on laws 224–5, 246 Jo´n Sigurðsson 332 as model 36 Jo´nÞo´rðarson 253, 399, 467, 468, 473 on settlement of Iceland 121, 136 Jo´n Þorla´ksson 253 style 363 Jo´n Þorvaldsson, Abbot 253 Istaby 180 Jo´n Vilhja´lmsson 215 I´þro´ttasambandið Skarphe´ðinn 79 Jo´n ¯gmundarson, St, bishop of Ho´lar 27, Ivla stone 411 145, 147 Jo´ns saga helga 27, 30–1, 32, 35, 36, 39, Jacobus de Voragine 167 252 Jakobsson, A´ rmann 437, 459, 467, 469 Jo´nakr 91 James, St, sagas about 34, 352 Jo´nas Hallgrı´msson 73–4, 78, 332 Jamtaland (Ja¨mtland) 124, 131, 420 Jo´nasson, Hermann 76 Jansson, Sven B. F. 423 Jonsson, Bengt R. 376–7 Jefferson, Thomas 333–4 Jo´nsson, Brynju´lfur 9 Jerusalem 132–3 Jo´nsson, Finnur 197, 202, 395, 441, 489, Jesch, Judith 431 495 jewellery 20, 21 Jo´nsson, Jo´n 74, 77 Jewish history, books about 166–7, 345 Jo´nsson, Jo´nas 77 Johannessen, Matthı´as 74 Jo´nsson, Magnu´s 436 Jo´hannesson, Jo´n Jo´runn ska´ldmær (‘Skald-maid’) 480, 522 on chieftains 513–14 Joseph, Herbert S. 437 on Landna´mabo´k 158 Josephus 345 on Sturlunga saga 430, 431, 432, 433, Judas Iscariot 166–7 440, 441 Jutland 186 on Vı´nland sagas 296 Ja¨mtland see Jamtaland John the Apostle, St, sagas about 34, 53, 352 Jƒrmunrekr 91, 93 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Kaalund, Kristian see Ka˚lund, Kristian Ko¨lbing, Eugen 378 Kalinke, Marianne E. 192, 379, 457–8, 459 Ka˚lund, Kristian 8, 9, 329, 428 Kaplan, Merrill 470 Karberga 131 Labrador see Markland Ka´ri Sƒlmundarson 67, 104 Ladoga 126 Ka´ri S. So´lmundarson 67 Lambka´rr Þorgilsson 37 Karl Jo´nsson, Abbot 147, 392–3 land Karlevi stone 404, 408–10, 409, 488 and the church 146, 152 Karlsefni see Þorfinnr Karlsefni erosion 138–9 Karlsson, Gunnar 225, 437 laws regarding 238, 242 Karlsson, Stefa´n 34, 40, 248, 252, 431 ownership 140 Ker, William Paton 196, 434, 440 Landna´mabo´k (‘The Book of Settlements’) Ketilfastr 125 Haukr’s version 119 Ketill flatnefr (‘Flatnose’) 123, 136 antecedents 389 Ketill Sigfu´sson 76 relationship to sagas 294–5 Ketill Þorsteinsson 158 on sea route to Iceland 119–20 Keyser, Rudolf 330 on settlement of Greenland 129 kings and kingship 503 on settlement of Iceland 15, 121–2, 123, ideology of 388–9, 393, 395–6, 398 142, 158–9 in fornaldarso¨gur 458 on Þorkell Geitisson 293 in þættir 467–8, 468–9, 471–2, þættir in 159 474 Langanes 119, 121 Norwegian 388–402 Lange, Wolfgang 462 Kirby, Ian J. 344 language 173–89 Kirk, Geoffrey S. 312, 317 adoption of Roman alphabet 184, 245–6 Kirkjubær 39 Common Scandinavian 179–81 kirkjugoðar 147 Germanic 173–4 Kjalarnes (‘Keel Headland’) 123, 512 Latin 184 Kjær, Jonna 378–9, 381 loan-words in Icelandic 368, 369 Knirk, James E. 415 Old Norse 7 Knu´tr, king of Denmark and England 132, pronunciation 5 398, 481, 485, 488 runic 174–5, 180–1 Kock, Ernst A. 489 Scandinavian 181–8 Kolbeinn Arno´rsson the Young 509 Scottish–Icelandic similarities 333 Kolbeinsey 119 syncope period and early Norse 176–9 Korma´kr ¯gmundarson 280, 482 see also grammatical treatises; manuscripts: Kramarz-Bein, Suzanne 382 script; rhetoric; style Kress, Helga 424 L’Anse aux Meadows 297–8 Kristja´nsdo´ttir, Bergljo´t Soffı´a 67, 496 Lapps 130–1 Kristja´nsson, Jo´nas 6, 435, 462, 475 La´rentı´us Ka´lfsson, bishop of Ho´lar 27–8, Krossanes (‘Crosses’ Headland’) 123 152 Kro¨mmelbein, Thomas 438 Latin, spread of 184 Ku´abo´t16 Laufa´s38 Kuhn, Hans 214, 272 Law Council 226–7, 504, 510 Kvı´abekkur 251 law-speakers 142, 151, 511 Kygri-Bjƒrn Hjaltason 32 lawmen Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Norway 234–5, 236–7, 239 leidang 18 Sweden 241 Leifr Eirı´ksson ‘the Lucky’ laws 223–44 and North America 122–3, 333–4 Denmark 229–31 reason for nickname 129, 532 effects of writing down 292 and women 528, 529–30 Iceland 150–1, 224–9, 235, 236, 246 see also saga: family sagas: Eirı´ks saga law-making process 226, 234, 510–12 rauða; saga: family sagas: lƒgmaðr 151 Grœnlendinga saga lƒgre´tta 142, 151, 236, 504 Leifs, Jo´n see Jo´n Leifs lƒgsƒgumaðr 142, 151 Leifsbu´ðir 122–3 manuscripts 247, 248, 250, 252 leikr 215 Norway 231–40 Le´vi-Strauss, Claude 314–16, 317 oldest legal document 423 Liestøl, Knut 424, 434 recommended reading 224, 230, 241 ligatures 258 role 142 Liljencrantz, Ottilie 334 style 362, 363–4 Lindblad, Gustav 83–4 Sweden 240–2 Lindow, John 470 see also courts, law lions 200 laws: works Lofoten 11 Bœjarbo´k/Bœjarlƒg 232, 237–8 Loftur rı´ki Guttormsson 216 Frostuþingslƒg 223, 231, 232, 234, 504 Loki 87, 315, 524 Gra´ga´s long-houses 11, 22 on chieftains 140, 226–7 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 334 editions 223, 228 Lord, Albert B. 291 on Icelandic government 505–6, Loth, Agnete 192–3 508–15 Louis-Jensen, Jonna 211 list of saints’ feasts in 29 Low Countries, Viking raids on 124 manuscripts 225–6, 252 Lucan 113, 156, 164, 345 origins 234 luck, and sagas 110 as retrospective rationalization 9 Lyons, council of (1284) 236 as source 228 Ly´sufjƒrðr 532 style 363–4 Lo¨do¨se, runic inscription from 416 Gulaþingslƒg 131–2, 223, 231, 232, 234, Lo¨nnroth, Lars 504 on dating medieval works 430 Hirðlƒg/Hirðskra´ 232, 235 on heroes 456 Ja´rnsiða 151, 225, 227, 232, 235, on runic inscriptions 414, 417 237 on sagas 104–5, 442, 449, 457 Jo´nsbo´k 151, 223, 227–8, 232, 237, 239, Lƒgberg 511–12 250 lƒgmaðr 151 Justinian’s Digest 237 lƒgre´tta 142, 151, 236, 504 Landsbo´k/Landslƒg 232, 237–8 lƒgsƒgumaðr 142, 151, 511 Magnu´s’s national lawcode 232, 236–9 Sto´rido´mur 217 McKinnell, John 315, 470 Laxness, Halldo´r see Halldo´r Laxness Macpherson, James 326 Leach, Henry Goddard 373 magic 85 Lehman, Carl Peter 335 Magnus, Johannes 324 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Magnus, Olaus 324, 326 Vallabo´k 429 Magnus Eriksson, king of Sweden Vatnshyrna 253 241–2 see also Flatyejarbo´k Magnu´s Erlingsson, king of Norway 234, Marie de France 373, 455 393 Markland (‘Forest Land’, probably Magnu´sHa´konarson lagabœtir (‘the Law- Labrador) 122, 299 mender’), king of Norway Marku´s Skeggjason 132, 273 books translated for 167 marriage 146, 242, 316–17 and church power 152, 235–6, 239 Mary, Virgin and law 150–1, 232, 235–40, 504 poems about 49, 59–61 poems for 481 popularity 39 sagas about 398 sagas about 32 Magnu´sJo´nsson pru´ði (‘the Courteous’) 208 Maurer, Konrad 8–9, 286, 329 Magnu´sO´ la´fsson, king of Norway 47, 48, Meissner, Rudolf 378, 379, 489 49 men Magnu´sÞo´rhallsson 253, 399, 464, 467, berserks 520, 521 471 Norse concepts of maleness 519 Magnu´sson, Finnur see Finnur Magnu´sson see also gender issues; women Magnu´sson, Sigurður Gylfi 71 merchants 469 maiden-kings 201–2 Mervalla stone 126, 411, 423 Mallet, Paul-Henri 325–6, 329 Meulengracht Sørensen, Preben 10, 105–6, Man, Isle of 124, 141, 182 434, 436, 438–9, 519 Manitoba 334 Michael, Archangel 32 manuscripts 245–64 Miðgarðr Serpent (Miðgarðsormr) 87, 306, abbreviations 261–2 418, 419 Faeroese 249 Mikligarðr 126, 198 fornaldarso¨gur 449 see also Byzantium; Constantinople Icelandic 249–53, 250, 251 military organization 18 Norway 246–8 Miller, William I. 10 scribes 248, 252–3 Mı´mir’s well 313 script 253–62 miracles 31, 40 Sturlunga saga 428–9 Miramichi Bay 297, 299 manuscripts: individual and compendia Mitchell, P. M. 192 Bæjarbo´kı´ Flo´a 253 monasteries 29, 341 Hauksbo´k 158, 160, 252, 349–50, 449, literary influence 147–8, 157 489 morals see ethics Kollsbo´k 195, 206, 253 Morris, William 333 Kro´ksfjarðarbo´k 428, 429–30 Mosfell family 145 Kvæðabo´kse´ra Gissurar Sveinssonar 213 Motte Fouque´, Friedrich de la 329 Melabo´k 158 Munch, Peter Andreas 330–1 Mo¨ðruvallabo´k 116 Munkaþvera´ 147 Reykjaho´labo´k 253 see also Þvera´ Reykjarfjarðarbo´k 428–9, 433 murder 238, 242 Skarðsa´rbo´k 158 Mu¨ller, Bishop P. E. 330 Sturlubo´k 158 Mykleboestad 11 Þo´rðarbo´k 158 myth 302–19 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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and anthropology 10 assemblies 141 in eddic poetry 84–92, 523–8 church law 232–3, 236 in fornaldarso¨gur 453, 455–6 church power 145–6, 235–7, 239 interpretation 311–17 church reform 160 on origin of poetry 480 Danish union 153 and runes 417–18, 419 government 503–5 in skaldic verse 483–4 historical writing about 158, 159–61, skiing in 131 162, 166 sources 306–11 history 10 My´vatnssveit 11 Icelandic rule 149–52 Mƒrðr Valgarðsson 66 interest in Old Norse literature 330–1 kings 388–402 Narbonne 133 language 185–8 Narfeyri see Geirrøðareyri law courts 233–4, 239, 504–5 Nerthus 303–4, 305, 313 laws 231–40 networks and relationships 144 links with Iceland 119–20 New Brunswick 297 manuscripts 246–9 Newfoundland 297–8 overland travel 130–2 Niðaro´ss (modern Trondheim) 160 plague 153 Nı´ðhƒggr 85 and rhetoric 356 Nı´ðuðr 87 script 256–7 Nielsen, H. F. 174, 175 succession to throne 234 Nikula´s (Benedictine monk) 133 Norwegian literature Nja´ll Þorgeirsson 66, 70, 107 Konungs skuggsja´ (The King’s Mirror) Njarðvı´k, Njo¨rður 469 120–1, 348-9 Njƒrðr 304, 308, 316 Novgorod 126 nobility 10–13 Nygaard, Marius 359–61 Noleby 417–18 Na¨sbyholm stone 420 Nordal, Guðru´n 56, 437, 438, 483 Nordal, Sigurður 79, 196, 435, 439–40, 442 oaths 363–4, 454–5 Normandy 185, 333 Oddi 29, 50, 146, 149 Norse Oddi family 149 in archaeology 8 30, 147, 157, 393–4 definitions 3, 7 Oddru´n90 as a language 7 Oddur Einarsson, Bishop 66 North, Richard 318 Oddur Gottska´lksson 346 North America O´ ðinn poetry from Vı´nland 497–9 aliases 408 Viking discovery of 122–3, 162–3, 181, in fornaldarso¨gur 453, 455–6 295–300, 333–4 and giantesses 526 see also saga: family sagas: Eirı´ks saga rauða; knowledge contests 85–6 saga: family sagas: Grœnlendinga saga and poetry 417, 480 Norumbega 334 quests 524 Norway and social order 313–14 adoption of Christianity 28, 396, 420–2 stories in eddic poetry 84–6, 92, 523, archaeology 11 524, 525–6, 527–8 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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O´ ðinn (cont’d) O´ lafsson, Guðmundur see Guðmundur temples to 305 O´ lafsson trickery 524 O´ la´fur Loftsson 253 and Troy 325 O´ lason, Ve´steinn 67, 69, 213, 442, 468 þættir as evidence for worship 470 Old English literature see English literature and valkyries 527–8 Old Norse, definitions 7 the vƒlva’s prophecies to 84–5, 92, 308, O´ lsen, Bjo¨rn M. 78, 79, 430, 434, 441 523, 525–6 orality to literacy Oehlenschla¨ger, Adam 329–30 poetry 51 O´ feigr (saga character) 109–10 prevalence of storytelling 288–90, 449–50 Oklunda 423 sagas 66, 202–3, 285–301, 366, 435, O´ la´fr, king of Sweden 481 449–52 O´ la´fr Ha´konarson, king of Norway 468 Orkneys/ O´ la´fr Haraldsson, St, king of Norway expeditions 133 books about 159, 160 language 182, 184–5 and Icelandic adoption of Christianity 28 Orkneyinga saga 133, 161, 162, 391–2, laws of 234 522 O´ la´fs saga helga (Snorri) 131, 394–5, 397, poetry 279 465, 467–8, 473, 485, 495, 496 sagas 123 O´ la´fs saga helga (Styrmir) 147 Ormaland (‘the land of serpents’, poems for 46, 47, 51–2, 488 Babylon?) 199 sagas about 465, 467–8 Ormur Loftsson hirðstjo´ri (‘the Royal and St Jo´n ¯gmundarson 31 Governor’) 208, 253 shrine of 132 Oseberg 11, 127, 304 O´ la´fr Ormsson 250, 253 Oslo (Christiania) 187, 232, 238 O´ la´fr pa´i (‘the Peacock’) 481 Ossian 326 O´ la´fr Tryggvason O´ ttarr svarti (‘the Black’) 488 books about 159, 160 Oxamy´rr 130 and Christianity 28, 145, 302 representing 487 paganism 302–19 O´ la´fs saga Tryggvasonar (Gunnlaugr) 30, Iceland 144–5 147, 157, 394 and Icelandic chieftains 514 O´ la´fs saga Tryggvasonar (Oddr) 30, 157, religious practices 303–6 393–4, 395, 397, 473 and Snorri 397 O´ la´fs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta 394 in þættir 463, 464, 469–71 poems for and about 43, 44–6, 124, 482 see also myth þættir relating to 289, 465, 467–8, Pa´ll Jo´nsson, bishop of Ska´lholt 27–8, 31, 471–2, 473 392 O´ la´fr Þo´rðarson hvı´taska´ld (‘the White Pa´ll Styrka´rsson 248 Poet’) Pa´ll Vı´dalı´n67 family 479–80 Pa´lsson, Gunnar see Gunnar Pa´lsson and Kny´tlinga saga 397–8 Pa´lsson, Hermann metres used 273 on family sagas 65–6 and Stafholt 148 and fornaldarso¨gur 448–9, 457 Third Grammatical Treatise 53, 282–3, on Icelandic ethics 70 356–7, 359 and poetry 500 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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on Sturla 437 poetry: eddic poetry 82–100 on Sturlunga saga 436, 441 age and provenance 93–5 and þættir 468–9 content 84–92 Paris 345, 348 context and performance 95–7 Pauli, Johannes 213 form, dating and degrees of direct Paulus Diaconus 160 speech 97–8 Percy, Bishop Thomas 326–7 and fornaldarso¨gur 448, 451, 454 Peringskio¨ld, Johan 325, 326 German translations 329 perjury 238 influence of skaldic poetry 94 Perkins, Richard 470, 500 linguistic studies 186 Peter Comestor 166, 344, 345 main manuscripts 82–4 Petersen, N. M. 330 metre and metrics 265 Pe´tr, bishop of Ho´lar 153 publishing history 323, 324 Phelpstead, Carl 159, 459 representation of women 523–8 Philip IV the Fair, king of France 243 as source for myth 307–8 Pilate, Pontius 166–7 poetry: eddic poetry: works pilgrims and pilgrimage 131–3 Alvı´ssma´l (‘The Words of Alvı´ss’) 87 place names 120–1, 122–3 Atlakviða (‘The Lay of Atli’) 91, 95, 96, Pla´cidus, Pla´citus, St see Eustace, St 277–8 plague 153, 246 Atlama´l (in grœnlenzku) (‘The [Greenlan- Poetic Edda, the see poetry: eddic poetry dic] Story of Atli’) 89, 91, 95, 268 poetry: alliteration Baldrs draumar (‘The Dreams of in dro´ttkvætt 271 Baldr’) 91–2 in fornyrðislag 271 Brot af Sigurðarkviðu (‘Fragment of the Lay function 266 of Sigurðr’) 89 and runic inscriptions 404–5 Eirı´ksma´l 269, 481 poetry: Christian poetry 43–63 Fa´fnisma´l (‘The Words of Fa´fnir’) 84, 89, influence of mainstream Christian 94, 96 material 56–61 Grı´mnisma´l (‘The Words of Grı´mnir’) skaldic inheritance 43–50, 54 content 86 poetry: Christian poetry: works form 85 by Arno´rr 48–9 landscape in 94 by Eilı´fr 43–4 language 410 Erfidra´pa (Sigvatr) 47–8 metre 268 Geisli 50–2 performance 96 Glælognskviða (Þo´rarinn) 47 women in 525 by Hallfreðr 44–6 Grı´pisspa´ (‘The Prophecy of Grı´pir’) 89 Harmso´l 50–1, 53–5 Grottasƒngr (‘The Song of Grotti’) 92, 95 Heilags anda vı´sur 58–9 Guðru´narhvƒt (‘The Whetting of Hrynhenda (Arno´rr) 49, 273–4 Guðru´n’) 91, 94, 95 Jo´ansdra´pa (Gamli) 49, 53 Guðru´narkviða I (‘The First Lay of Leiðarvı´san 50–1, 53, 55–6 Guðru´n’) 90, 94, 95 Lı´knarbraut 56–8 Guðru´narkviða II (‘The Second Lay of Lilja (Eysteinn) 49, 59–61, 274–5 Guðru´n’) 90, 95, 527 Pla´citus dra´pa 50–1, 52–3 Guðru´narkviða III (‘The Third Lay of So´larljo´ð 61–2, 351, 436 Guðru´n’) 90 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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poetry: eddic poetry: works (cont’d) Skı´rnisma´l (‘The Words of Skı´rnir’) 86, Ha´konarma´l (Eyvindr) see poetry: skaldic 94, 96, 316–17, 524, 526 poetry: works Svipdagsma´l (‘The Words of Svipdagr’) 92 Hamðisma´l (‘The Words of Hamðir’) 91, Þrymskviða (‘The Lay of Þrymr’) 87, 95, 95, 275, 277 523, 524 Ha´rbarðsljo´ð (‘The Chant of Ha´rbarðr’) 86, Vafþru´ðnisma´l (‘The Words of Vafþru´ð- 94, 277–8 nir’) 85–6, 96, 269, 523, 524 Ha´vama´l (‘The Words of the High One’) Vegtamskviða (‘The Lay of Vegtamr’) composition 84 91–2 content 85 Vƒlundarkviða (‘The Lay of Vƒlundr’) 87, form 85 94 influences on 94 Vƒluspa´ (‘The Prophecy of the Seeress’) landscape in 94 content 84–5, 308 metre and metrics 268 influences on 94 as model 61 printed editions 323, 324 printed editions 323, 324 women in 523, 525 and ritual acts 94 poetry: general on runes 417 artes poeticae 356–8 on travel 131 didactic poetry (Hugsvinnsma´l) 61, 269 women in 524, 526 in family sagas 101–2 Helgakviða Hjƒrvarðssonar (‘The Lay of female poets 67, 211–12, 522 Helgi Hjƒrvarðsson’) 84, 87–8, 94, in fornaldarso¨gur 448 523, 528 gra´tr 417 Helgakviða Hundingsbana I (‘The First Lay 208–9, 309, 486 of Helgi Hundingsbani’) 87–8, 94, O´ la´fr Þo´rðarson on 357 95, 523, 528 orality to literacy 51 Helgakviða Hundingsbana II (‘The Second printed editions 323, 324 Lay of Helgi Hundingsbani’) 87–8, referring to sagas 66–7 94, 95, 523, 528 representation of women 518–28 Helreið Brynhildar (‘Brynhildr’s Ride to from runic inscriptions 404–17 Hel’) 90, 527 in saints’ lives 38–9 Hervararljo´ð (‘The Waking of status 480 Anganty´r’) 92, 326 poetry: Hlƒðskviða 453 in Arno´rr 49 Hymiskviða (‘The Lay of Hymir’) 86–7, 94 and Christian poets 46 Hyndluljo´ð (‘The Chant of Hyndla’) 92, definition 486–8 94, 524 end of 61 Lokasenna (‘Loki’s Contest of Insults’) 87, gallows-kennings 48 94, 96, 523, 524 God-kennings 58–9 Oddru´nargra´tr (‘The Lament of in late secular poetry 208–10 Oddru´n’) 90, 266 man-kennings 52 Reginsma´l (‘The Words of Reginn’) 84, 89 Meissner’s compendium 489 Rı´gsþula (‘The Account of Rı´gr’) 92, 94 on runic inscriptions 408–10 Sigrdrı´fuma´l (‘The Words of Sigrdrı´fa’) 89, seafarer-kennings 52–3 94, 418, 523, 524, 528 Snorri’s lists of 309 Sigurðarkviða in skamma (‘The Short Lay of and valkyries 528 Sigurðr’) 90 women-kennings 519–20 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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poetry: late secular 205–22 ma´laha´ttr 268, 276, 280 humour and satire 218 minor late secular poetry genres 216, 217, minor genres 216–18 218 sagnakvæði 217 rı´mur 207–8 spells 218 runhent 274–5, 279–80 þulur 218 runic verses 404 vikivakakvæði 214–16 sagnadansar 214 o¨fugmælavı´sur 218 skja´lfhent 280 see also poetry: rı´mur; poetry: sagnadansar stikluvik 208 poetry: late secular: works u´rkast 208 ‘Allra kappa kvæði’ 216 vikivakakvæði 215–16 by Bergsteinn Þorvaldsson blindi 217 poetry: metrical treatises 280–3 ‘Ellikvæði’ (Jo´n Hallsson) 217 Ha´ttalykill (‘Clavis metrica’) (Rƒgnvaldr ‘Fjandafæla’ (Jo´n Guðmundsson) 218 and Hallr) 280, 281, 483 ‘Fjo´sarı´ma’ (Þo´rður Magnu´sson a´ Ha´ttatal (‘List of Verse Forms’) Strju´gi) 217 (Snorri) 280, 281–3, 309, 483 ‘Fjo¨lmo´ður’ (Jo´n Guðmundsson) 217 poetry: post-medieval ‘Grettisfœrsla’ 217–18 ‘Aldarha´ttur’ (‘State of the Times’) by Guðmundur Bergþo´rsson 217 (Hallgrı´mur Pe´tursson) 72 ha´ttalyklar (Loftur et al.) 216 ‘Fljo´tshlı´ð’ (Bjarni Thorarensen) 73 ‘Heimso´so´mi’ (Ska´ld-Sveinn) 218 ‘Gunnarsho´lmi’ (‘Gunnar’s Holm’) (Jo´nas kappakvæði 217 Hallgrı´msson) 73–4, 332 ‘Ko¨tludraumur’ 217 by Hannes Hafstein 69 ‘Lju´flingsdilla’ 217 ‘I´sland’ (‘Iceland’) (Eggert O´ lafsson) 72 ‘Mæðgnasenna’ (Þo´rður Magnu´sson a´ ‘I´sland’ (‘Iceland’) (Jo´nas Hallgrı´ms- Strju´gi) 218 son) 332 ‘Skaufhalaba´lkur’ (?Einar fo´stri) 217 by Sigurður Breiðfjo¨rð 76 by Steinunn Finnsdo´ttir 67, 70, 217 ‘Skarphe´ðinn’s Axe’ (Pa´ll Vı´dalı´n) 67 ‘To´lf postula kvæði’ 216 ‘Some Noblemen in Njals saga’ (Bjarni by Þo´rður Magnu´sson a´ Strju´gi 216–17 Gissurarson) 71, 72 poetry: metre and metrics 265–84 by Steinn Steinarr 69 afhending 208 poetry: rı´mur 206–12 ba´lkarlag 282 authorship 211 braghent 208 based on riddaraso¨gur 377 diachronic aspects 275–80 influence of Germanic poetry 210 dro´ttkvætt 61, 206, 269–73, 276–9, 280, manso¨ngvar 210, 482, 523 408–10 manuscripts 253 ferskeytt 207–8 metre and metrics 207–8 fornyrðislag 265–6, 275–6, 280 performance 212 gagraljo´ð 208 religious 210–11 galdralag 269 sources 195, 210 hrynhenda 273–4, 279 poetry: rı´mur: works hrynhent 49 Grettis rı´mur 208 knittel 376 Hyndlu rı´mur (Steinunn Finnsdo´ttir) kviðuha´ttr 267–8, 276, 278, 280 211–12 ljo´ðaha´ttr 95–6, 268–9, 276 Landre´srı´mur 211 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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poetry: rı´mur: works (cont’d) Eirı´ksma´l 269, 481 Ma´bilar rı´mur 195 Glymdra´pa (Þorbjƒrn) 481 O´ la´fs rı´ma Haraldssonar (Einarr Ha´konardra´pa (Hallfreðr) 44 Gilsson) 206, 208, 210 Ha´konardra´pa (Tindr) 46 Reinalds rı´mur ok Ro´su 195 Ha´konarkviða (Sturla) 267 Rollants rı´mur 211 Ha´konarma´l (Eyvindr) 269, 481 Skı´ða rı´ma 211, 212 Ha´leygjatal (Eyvindr) 267, 482 Skikkjurı´mur 211 by Hallfreðr 44–6 Snæko´ngs rı´mur (Steinunn Haraldskvæði (Þorbjƒrn) 269 Finnsdo´ttir) 211–12 Haustlƒng 483 Vilmundar rı´mur viðutan 208 Hu´sdra´pa (U´ lfr) 481, 483 Vo¨lsungs rı´mur 208, 214 Hƒfuðlausn (Egill) 274, 323, 424, 489 poetry: sagnadansar 212–14 I´slendingadra´pa (Haukr) 216, 269–73, O´ la´fs vı´sur 213 293, 482 poetry: skaldic poetry 479–502 Jo´msvı´kingadra´pa 482 characteristics 480–1 Kra´kuma´l 323, 324 clause arrangement and word- Merlı´nu´sspa´ (‘The Prophecy of Merlin’) order 485–6 (Gunnlaugr) 30, 265, 489 diction 486–8 No´regskonungatal 267 dra´pa 484–5 Ragnarsdra´pa (Bragi) 277, 278, 479, 482 flokkar 484–5 Rekstefja (Hallar-Steinn) 482, 484, 490 influence on Christian poetry 43–50, 54 Runhenda (Einarr) 274 influence on eddic poetry 94 Sexstefja (Þjo´ðo´lfr) 493–4 and kings’ sagas 395 Sigtryggsdra´pa (Gunnlaugr) 274 lausavı´sur 485, 496–500 Sonatorrek (‘The Loss of Sons’) (Egill) 267, linguistic studies 186 489, 491 metre and metrics 269–73 Þo´rsdra´pa (‘Þo´rr’s Lay’) (Eilı´fr) 43, 482, modern editions 489–90 483, 489, 491–2 representation of women 522–3 Vellekla (Einarr) 46, 487, 492–3 and seafaring 127, 128, 483 (Þjo´ðo´lfr) 267, 276, 407 skald þættir 463, 465 politics and political system see government 479–80, 483 Pope, Alexander 322–3 Snorri on 281–3 poverty 506 as source for myth 307 power distribution see government status 480 Prince Edward Island 299 structures 484–5 printing and publishing subject matter and social function 481–4 book dissemination 113 transmission 488–9 first Icelandic printed books 70, 251 see also poetry: Christian poetry publishing history of : skaldic poetry: works texts 320–7 Arinbjarnarkviða (Egill) 267, 489 Priscian 282, 355, 357 Austrfararvı´sur (Sigvatr) 130, 485, 494–6 prophecy see seeresses Bersƒglisvı´sur (Sigvatr) 500 Propp, Vladimir 290 Darraðarljo´ð (‘Dƒrruðr’s Lay’) 265 Psaki, F. Regina 381 by Eilı´fr 43–4 Pseudo-Seneca 349 Eirı´ksdra´pa (Marku´s) 132, 273 Pynchon, Thomas 334 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Quebec 297, 299 on travel 124–6, 132 Quintilian 282, 355 Russia (Garðarı´ki) interest in Old Norse literature 333 Rafn, Carl Christian 8, 191, 332, 333, 447 runic inscriptions and language 182, 185 Ragnarƒk 84–5, 86, 315 as saga setting 198 Ragnvaldr 126 Viking activities in 124, 126 Ramsund rock 418–20, 420 Rygh, Olav 8 Rannveig Þo´rðardo´ttir Magnu´ssonar a´ Rædwald, king of East Anglia 317 Strju´gi 211 Ro¨k stone 93, 180, 276, 405–8, 406,410 Rask, Rasmus 330 Rƒgnvaldr Bru´sason, earl of Orkney 48 Reenhielm, Jacob 325 Rƒgnvaldr Kali Kolsson, earl of Repp, Þorleifur see Þorleifur Repp Orkney 133, 274, 280, 281, 483 Resen, Peder 324 Rƒgnvaldr U´ lfsson, earl in Gautland 495, 496 Reuschel, Helga 448 Reykholt 16, 23, 24, 147 saga: general Reykjanes 119, 121 book-prose theory 9, 285–6 Reykjarvı´k (later Reykjavı´k) 121 decline 152 Reynistaður 39 depiction of violence 150 rhetoric 354–71 and ethics 70–5, 102–5, early learned writings 362–4 108, 110–12, 148 sagas 364–8 free-prose theory 285–6 saints’ lives 368–70 historicity 23, 75–8, 105–6, 285–301, Ribe cranium inscription 181, 413–14 440–2 Richard of St Victor 345, 348 ‘Icelandic school’ 79–80, 116, 286 Richardson, Peter 471 manuscripts 253 riddles 453–4 Norwegian translations 330–1 Rı´gr (Heimdallr) 92 oaths 363–4 Ripelin, Hugo, of Strassburg 352 orality to literacy 66, 202–3, 285–301, Risaland (‘the land of giants’) 199 366, 435, 449–52 rittengsl 435 post-medieval reception 64–81 romance see saga: lygiso¨gur; saga: riddaraso¨gur printed editions 323, 327 Rome 132–3, 164 reasons for quality 147–8 Roosevelt, Teddy 334 representation of women 518–22, 528–34 Roskilde Fjord 127 style 359, 360–1, 364–8 Rudbek, Olaf 325 see also saints’ lives Rugmann, Jo´n see Jo´n Rugmann saga: as Christian literature (bishops’ sagas runic inscriptions 403–26 and saints’ lives) abbreviations 424 Anne, St, saga of 39 as divine gift 417–18 A´ rna saga biskups Þorla´kssonar 27, 37, 152, inscriptions as historical and cultural 427, 433 sources 420–4 Becket, St Thomas, saga of 34 inscriptions as literary documents 404–20 Benediktus saga 253 language 174–5, 180–1, 182–3, 185 Dunstan, St, saga about 32–3 and mythology 417–18, 419 Elsta saga of St O´ la´fr 394 pictures on 418–20 Guðmundar saga biskups 34, 36–7, 37–9, published editions 323 40, 252, 351 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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saga: as Christian literature (cont’d) Egils saga Helgisagan 394, 397 authorship 308 Hungrvaka 31–2, 157, 327, 469 characterization 107, 365 James and John, the Apostles, saga of see Egill’s boast 479 saga: as Christian literature, Tveggja Hickes on 326 postola saga Jo´ns ok Jakobs language 411 Jo´ns saga baptista 33, 346 poetry in 102 Jo´ns saga helga 27, 30–1, 32, 35, 36, 39, on runes 414–15 252 and Scott 327 Jo´ns saga postola 34, 53 setting 101 Kristni saga 327 structure 103 La´rentı´us saga 27–8, 37, 152, 252 style 366 Marı´u saga 32 Eirı´ks saga rauða Michaels saga 32 historicity 161, 162–3, 295–300 Nicholas saga 34 on Leifr’s nickname 129 Oddaverja þa´ttr 35 setting 101 O´ la´fs saga helga (Snorri) 131, 394–5, 397, travels in 122–3 465, 467–8, 473, 485, 495, 496 women in 101, 528–30, 531, 533 O´ la´fs saga helga (Styrmir) 147, 394 Eyrbyggja saga Pa´ls saga 27–8, 31 characterization 108, 366 Pla´cidus saga 29–30, 52 and Scott 327 postola so¨gur 254 on settlement of Iceland 512 Prestssaga 36–7, 37–8 on social values 111 Reykjaho´labo´k 39 structure 104 Tveggja postola saga Jo´ns ok Jakobs 34, 352 women in 519–21, 529–30 Þorla´ks saga 30–2, 34–5, 35–6, 251 Finnboga saga ramma 114, 332 see also saints’ lives Fljo´tsdœla saga 293, 294, 295 saga: family sagas 101–18 Flo´amanna saga 114 age and dating 102, 114–16 Fo´stbrœðra saga 109, 366, 435 characterization 107–10, 366 Gı´sla saga 102, 109, 110, 111, 435, 531 comparisons with Sturlunga saga 434–5 Grettis saga 102, 103, 109, 255, 267, form and narrative patterns 438–9 457 as form of narrative 102–7 Grœnlendinga saga historical context 110–12 historicity 161, 162–3, 295–300 historicity 75–6, 105–6 on Leifr’s nickname 129 ‘Icelandic school’ 79–80, 116, 286 setting 101 manuscripts 254 travels in 122–3 narrative method 106–7 women in 528–9, 530–3 sources and models 112–14 102, 113, 327, themes and values 102–3 366 treatment of time in 107 Hallfreðar saga 44–6, 102, 497 saga: family sagas: works Ha´varðar saga 109 Austfirðingaso¨gur 293–5 Hrafnkels saga Freysgoða 79, 103, 109, Bandamanna saga 109–10, 111, 151 111, 129–30, 303, 326 Bjarnar saga Hı´tdœlakappa 102, 482 Hœnsa-Þo´ris saga 111, 151 Droplaugarsona saga 289, 293–4 Kjalnesinga saga 114 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Korma´ks saga 102, 280 metre and metrics 265 Laxdœla saga origins 449–52 on A´ rnorr’s poetry 48–9 publishing history 325 borrowings from 295 as sources for rı´mur 210 characterization 365 saga: fornaldarso¨gur: works content 103 Friðþjo´fs saga hins frœkna 325, 331–2 heroine 347, 522 Ha´lfs saga ok Ha´lfsrekka 449, 451 honour in 110 Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 191, 326, 448, on Iceland 136 449, 451, 452–4 influences on 113, 435 Hro´lfs saga Gautrekssonar 201, 449, 457–8 plot 294 Hro´lfs saga kraka 201, 326, 459 style 366 Hro´mundar saga Gripssonar 450 voyages in 129 Ketils saga hœngs 452 women in 109 Nornagests þa´ttr Ljo´svetninga saga 109, 294 content 289, 448 Nja´ls saga on conversion to Christianity 457, 463 characterization 365 on ethics 470 feuds 104 imitations of 464 historicity 75–6 influences on 470 later additions 66 transmission of 462 Laxness on 64 Ragnars saga loðbro´kar 326, 448, 449, 454, on luck 111 455 plot 294 Sƒgubrot af fornkonungum 448 post-medieval reception 67, 69, 70–1, Þorsteins saga Vı´kingssonar 325 72, 73–4, 79, 80, 330 Vƒlsunga saga 89, 329, 448, 449, 451–2, and Scott 327 454–6 structure 103 Yngvars saga vı´ðfƒrla 125, 423, 474 style 366, 434–5 ¯rvar-Odds saga 326, 448, 449, 452, translations 334 456–7 treatment of time in 106 saga: kings’ sagas 388–402 women in 109, 531 definition 388 Reykdœla saga 104 foreign influences 390 Þorsteins saga hvı´ta 115 form and narrative pattern 438 Þorsteins saga Sı´ðu-Hallssonar 115 and fornaldarso¨gur 450–1 Valla-Ljo´ts saga 131 genesis 388–90 Vatnsdœla saga 332 influence on family sagas 113 Va´pnfirðinga saga 293, 294, 435 style 364 Vı´ga-Glu´ms saga 102, 327, 464 synoptics 390–2 Vı´glundar saga 113, 480 saga: kings’ sagas: works Vı´nland sagas see Eirı´ks saga rauða; Grœn- A´ grip af No´regs konunga sƒgum (‘Summary lendinga saga of the History of the Kings of ¯lkofra saga 115–16, 294 Norway’) 160–1, 391, 396 saga: fornaldarso¨gur 447–61 Elsta saga of St O´ la´fr 394 characteristics 452–8 Fagrskinna (‘Fair Parchment’) 124, 396, definition and taxonomy 190–4, 447–9 397 and eddic poetry 448, 451, 454 Færeyinga saga 161, 162, 332, 391–2 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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saga: kings’ sagas: works (cont’d) A´ la flekks saga 198, 201 Ha´konar saga (Sturla) 395, 398 Blo´mstrvalla saga 192, 200 Helgisagan 394, 397 Cla´ri saga 192, 202, 367, 373, 376, 377 Historia de antiquitate regum Norvagiensium Dı´nus saga 201, 202 (Theodoricus) 160, 390–1 194, 199, 200 Historia Norvegiae 159, 343, 391 Elis saga 192, 367–8, 373, 375–6, 377 Hlaðajarla saga 391–2 192, 373, 376 Hryggjarstykki 389 Flo´res saga konungs ok sona hans 194, 200 Jo´msvı´kinga saga 161, 162, 391–2 Flo´vents saga 373, 375, 377 Kny´tlinga saga 397–8 198, 201 Morkinskinna (‘Rotten Vellum’) Grega saga 192, 200 content and structure 395–6 Jarlmanns saga ok Hermanns 194, 201 influences on and sources 389, 391 Jo´ns saga leikara 192 as model and source 113, 397 Kirjalax saga 198, 199 poetry in 128, 280–1 Konra´ðs saga keisarasonar 192, 195, 198, þættir in 466–7 200, 373, 377 O´ la´fs saga helga (Snorri) 131, 394–5, 397, Ma´gus saga jarls 191, 194, 199, 201, 372 465, 467–8, 473, 485, 495, 496 Melko´lfs saga 192–3 O´ la´fs saga helga (Styrmir) 147, 394 Mı´rmanns saga 192, 198, 199, 373, 377 O´ la´fs saga Tryggvasonar (Gunnlaugr) 30, Nikula´ss saga leikara 193, 201 147, 157, 394 195, 198, 199, 201, 202, 203 O´ la´fs saga Tryggvasonar (Oddr) 30, 157, 202, 373 393–4, 395, 397, 473 Re´mundar saga 198, 202, 373 O´ la´fs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta 394 202 þættir in O´ la´fr sagas 465, 467–8 Sigrgarðs saga frœkna 198, 201 Orkneyinga saga 133, 161, 162, 391–2, Sigurðar saga fo´ts 199 522 Sigurðar saga turnara 198, 199 Skjƒldunga saga 391, 392, 450 Sigurðar saga þƒgla 194, 200, 201 Sverris saga 113, 131, 391, 392–3, 394, Tristrams saga ok I´soddar 191–2 398 Viktors saga ok Bla´vus 198, 201 see also Heimskringla Vilhja´lms saga sjo´ðs 192, 199, 200 saga: lygiso¨gur 190–204 Vilmundar saga viðutan 194, 195, battle scenes 202 198, 199 critics on 196–7 saga: political sagas definition 190–4 Færeyinga saga 161, 162, 332, 391–2 feast descriptions 202 Jo´msvı´kinga saga 161, 162, 391–2 originality 197–8 Orkneyinga saga 133, 161, 162, 391–2, 522 personal names in 199 saga: pseudo-histories popularity 194–7 Alexanders saga 113, 167–8, 345 rı´mur based on 195 Breta sƒgur 165–6, 170 settings 198–9 Gyðinga saga 166–7, 345 sources 198 Ro´mverja saga 164–5, 168–9, 345 themes and content 199–203 Tro´jumanna saga 113, 165, 170 see also saga: riddaraso¨gur Veraldar saga 168–9, 170, 343 saga: lygiso¨gur: works saga: riddaraso¨gur 372–84 202 battle scenes 368 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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characterization 368 preservation 428–9 definition 190–4, 372–4 saints’ lives in 27 editions 377–8 storytelling episode 288–9 history 374–8 and Sturlungar family 149 list of 373 style 434–6 manuscripts 377 as subject of literary research 433–40 and pseudo-histories 170 and þættir 466 recent research issues 378–81 verse in 282 as sources for rı´mur 195, 210 saga: Sturlunga saga: components style 360, 366–8 A´ rna saga biskups Þorla´kssonar 27, 37, 152, translations 378–82 427, 433 saga: riddaraso¨gur: works Geirmundar þa´ttr heljarskinns 427, 431, Barlaams ok Josaphats saga 374 437, 438, 462, 466 373, 374, 377 Guðmundar saga dy´ra 431, 432, 435–6 Bærings saga 373 Haukdœla þa´ttr 427, 432, 437 Cla´ri saga 192, 202, 367, 373, 376, 377 Hrafns saga Sveinbjarnarsonar 38, 431, Elis saga 192, 367–8, 373, 375–6, 377 432, 435, 436, 439 Erex saga 192, 373, 376 I´slendinga saga (Sturla) Flo´res saga ok Blankiflu´r 376 authorship 150 Flo´vents saga 373, 375, 377 completeness 430 I´vens saga 200, 373, 375, 376, 377 dating 431, 432 Karlamagnu´s saga 373, 374, 375, 376, historicity 441, 442 378–9 moral messages 437, 438 Konra´ðs saga keisarasonar 192, 195, 198, narrative method 436, 440 200, 373, 377 as source 38 Ma´gus saga jarls 191, 194, 199, 201, 372 structure 435 Mı´rmanns saga 192, 198, 199, 373, 377 style 434–5 Mƒttuls saga 211, 373, 375, 377 Jarteinasaga Guðmundar biskups 427, 433 Partalopa saga 202, 373 Prestssaga Guðmundar go´ða 427, 431, 432, Percevals saga 373, 376, 377, 381 441 Re´mundar saga keisarasonar 198, 202, 373 prologue 432 367–8, 373, 375, 376, 377, Sturlu saga 431, 432, 435, 436 379, 383 Sturlu þa´ttr 433, 434, 438–9, 450 Tristrams saga ok I´sƒndar 191–2, 367, 373, Svı´nfellinga saga 432 375, 376, 384 Þo´rðar saga kakala 431, 432 Þiðreks saga 329, 372, 374 Þorgils saga ok Hafliða 431, 439, 440, Valvers þa´ttr 373, 377 449–50 saga: Sturlunga saga 427–46 Þorgils saga skarða 430, 431, 433, 434 composition 38, 429–33 St Lawrence river 297, 299 definition 427 St Victor 345, 348 editions 327 saints’ lives 27–42 evidence for courts in 507–8 canonization process 40, 41, 147 feuds in 142 influence on family sagas 113–14 genealogies 431 manuscripts 247, 251, 254 as historical source 440–2 style 359, 361, 362–3, 368–70 poetry in 499–500 translations from Low German 39 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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saints’ lives (cont’d) language 182, 185 use of annals 36–7 sea routes round 119–20 use of rhetorical devices 34 shipping laws 242 women 39–40 ships and boats 126–9, 137 see also Christian literature, exempla; saga: replicas 334 as Christian literature seafaring, as skaldic theme 127, 128, 483 Sallust 113, 156, 164, 345 Shute, Neville 334 Sammes, Aylett 326 Sicily 483, 494 Samsonarson, Jo´n 219 Sidon 133 Sandnes 16 Sievers, Eduard 266, 270, 278 Sarkel 125 Sighvatr Sturluson 508 Sarpsborg 238 Sigmundr (father of Sigurðr Fa´fnisbani) 93, Sawyer, Birgit 422 454–5 Saxo Grammaticus 83, 92, 289, 307, 324, Sigmundr Brestisson 162, 332 450 Signy´ 454–5 Scania see Ska˚ne Sigrdrı´fa 89, 418, 524 Schier, Kurt 191, 192, 462 Sigru´n 88, 528 Schlauch, Margaret 196–7 Sigtuna box 410 Schlyter, D. C. J. 240 Sigurðr Fa´fnisbani Schrøter, Johan 332 in eddic poetry 88, 89–90, 524, 527 Scotland lost poetry on 84 interest in Old Norse literature 327, 333 in runic inscriptions 418–20, 420, 421 language 182, 183, 333 in Vƒlsunga saga 454–5 Viking activities in 124 Sigurðr Haraldsson, king of Norway 51, 147 Scott, Walter 327 Sigurðr Magnu´sson, king of Norway 132–3 scribes 248, 252–3 Sigurðr munnr (‘Mouth’), King see Sigurðr scriptoria 252 Haraldsson Scritefingi 130–1 Sigurðsson, Gı´sli 217 seafaring, as skaldic theme 127, 128, 483 Sigurðsson, Jo´n see Jo´n Sigurðsson seeresses 523, 525–6, 528, 529 Sigurðsson, Jo´n Viðar 508 Seip, Didrik Arup 246, 253 Sigurður Breiðfjo¨rð 76 Sequentia 95 Sigurgeirsson, Magnu´sA´ .9 serfdom 18–19 Sigvatr Þo´rðarson, poet 47–8, 130, 473, Serkland 125, 483, 494 479, 485, 494–6, 500 servants 144 Simpson, Jacqueline 436 Servius 282 Simpson, John M. 440–1 settlement of Iceland see Iceland Simrock, Karl 329 settlements and settlement patterns Sinfjƒtli 88, 455 12th-century change 22 Sja´lfstætt fo´lk (Laxness) 69 North Atlantic 12–13, 15–16, 19 Sjælland see Zealand sheep farming 137 Sjo¨rup stone 413, 422 shelters for wayfarers 131–2 Skaði 131, 316, 524 sheriffs 151 Ska´ld-Sveinn 218 Sheringham, Robert 326 skalds 479–80, 483 Shetland Islands Ska´lholt 29, 50, 152–3 cooking 22–3 Skapti Þo´roddsson 513 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Skarphe´ðinn Athletic Club 79 Stad 119, 121 Skarpheðinn Nja´lsson 67, 69, 79 Stafholt 148 Skarpa˚ker stone 413–14 Starkaðr inn gamli (‘the Old’) 500 Skeljastaðir 18 Steinn Steinarr 69 skiing 130–1 Steinsland, Gro 470 Skı´rnir 86, 316–17, 526 Steinunn Finnsdo´ttir 67, 70, 211–12, 217 Sku´lason, Sveinn see Sveinn Sku´lason Steinunn Refsdo´ttir 522 Skuldelev 127 Steinvƒr Sighvatsdo´ttir 522 Sku´li, Duke 149 Stentoften 180 Ska˚ne (Scania) 124 Stephens, George 331–2 runic inscriptions 412–13 Sterpin, John 326 slavery 138 Stikla(r)staðir, Stiklestad 131 Slesvig 229 Sto´raborg 16 Slesvig-Holsten 330 Storch, Vilhelm 76 see also Holsten sto´rgoðar 141 Slyne Head 119 storytelling, prevalence of 288–90, Sma˚land 411 449–50 see also orality to literacy and the church 147–8 Straubhaar, Sandra Ballif 522 and Einarr Sku´lason 51 Straumey 122 family 479–80 Straumfjƒrðr 122 Ha´ttatal (‘List of Verse-forms’) 280, Sturla Sighvatsson 149, 437 281–3, 309, 483 Sturla Þo´rðarson likely environment 23 as chieftain 515 and politics 149 family 479–80 and þættir 464 Ha´konar saga 234–5, 395, 398 visit to Norway 234 and laws 227 writings as source for myth 308–11 and poetry 39, 267, 273, 282, 437 see also Edda; Heimskringla and politics 150, 440–1 Snæfellsnes 119, 121, 512 royal eulogies 481 social order and classes 10–13, 139–43 sagas about 450 chieftains 9, 139–41, 149, 226, 227, 512, and storytelling 289 513–15 and Sturlunga saga 429–31 kings 503 Sturlunga saga see saga: Sturlunga saga nobility 10–13 Sturlungar family 149 and religion 314 style 354–71 social welfare 506 categories of prose 358–62 Sommerfelt, Karl 330 Christian literature 358–9, 361, 362–3, songs 216, 376–7 368–70 South Jutland (Slesvig) see Slesvig; early learned writings 362–4 Slesvig-Holsten sagas 359, 360–1, 364–8 Spain saints’ lives 368–70 interest in Old Norse literature skaldic poetry 485–6 333 Sturlunga saga 434–6 Viking activities in 133 Styrmir inn fro´ði (‘the Knowledgeable’) Sparlo¨sa 417–18 Ka´rason 147, 158, 394, 479 spells 85 Sta¨ket 132 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Sto¨ng 16 Tallin 229 Suður-Þingeyjarsy´sla 9 Taranger, Absalon 504 supernatural, the Tate, George 58 journeys to the other world 464, 472 taxation 138 and sagas 436–7 Tegne´r, Bishop Esaias 331, 332 and þættir 464 Temple, William 323 see also magic temples, pagan 305–6, 313 Svalbard 119 tephras 136 Svanhildr 91 theft 238, 242 Svarfaðardalur 252 Theodoricus monachus 160, 289, 390–1 Sva´va 88 Theodric the Great, king of the Sveinn Knu´tson (Alfı´fuson), King 47 Goths 405–7 Sveinn Sku´lason 332 Thomas of Britain 191 Sveinsson, Einar O´ lafur 58, 79, 80, 441, 451 Thorkelı´n, Grı´mur see Grı´mur Thorkelı´n Sveinsson, Rev. Gissur see Gissur Sveinsson Thorsson, O¨ rno´lfur 499 Sverrir (Sigurðarson), king of Norway 131, 46 147, 190, 392–3, 394, 398, 452 Tinghaugen 11 Svipdagr 92 To´ftanes 15 Svƒlðr, battle of 473 Tolkien, J. R. R. 285, 287, 334 Sweden To´masson, Sverrir 211 adoption of Christianity 184 Torf-Einarr 282 interestinOldNorseliterature 323–5,331 trade 137, 469 law courts 241 translation, medieval notion of 163 laws 240–2 Tranter, Stephen 432–3, 439, 466 religious practices 305 travel 119–35, 141 runic inscriptions and language 183, 185 seafaring as skaldic theme 127, 128, 483 Swedish literature Trondheim 187, 212, 232, 415 Eufemiavisor 376, 377 see also Niðaro´ss Karl Magnus 376 Trondheimsfjord region (modern swords, as grave goods 11 Trøndelag) 223 syncope 176 Troy 309, 310, 325 sy´slumaðr 151 Tro´jumanna saga 113, 165, 170 Sæmundr (inn) fro´ði (‘the Knowledgeable’) Tulinius, Torfi 454 Sigfu´sson Tumbo 423 and eddic poetry 83, 323 Turinge stone 411–12, 423 education 29 Tussehaugen 11 historical writings 157 Tystberga 125 and royal biography 389 Tønsberg 232, 238 and St Jo´n 35, 36 societal status 147 Þangbrandr 522 as source 158 Þingeyjarsy´sla 513 Sæmundr Ormsson 432 Þingeyrar 29, 50, 133, 147, 252 So¨dermanland, runic inscriptions 125, 126, Þingska´lar 9 410, 411, 413, 418–20, 420, 423 Þingvellir 129, 141, 509 Þjo´ðo´lfr Arno´rsson 280–1, 483–4, 493–4 Tacitus 303–4, 305, 503 Þjo´ðo´lfr of Hvinir 267, 407 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Þjo´ðrekr 90, 93 Þorvaldr Eirı´ksson 123, 299 Þo´rarinn kaggi (‘Keg’) Egilsson 252 Þorvaldr Hjaltason 413 Þo´rarinn loftunga (‘Praise-tongue’) 47, Þra´ndr ı´ Gƒtu 162, 332 484–5 Þrymr 87 Þo´rarinn pentr (‘Painter’) Eirı´ksson 252 Þvera´ 133 Þorbjo¨rn Jo´nsson 253 see also Munkaþvera´ Þorbjo¨rn Þo´rðarson 218 Þykkvibær, Þykkvibœr 53 Þorbjƒrg 529, 533 þættir 462–78 Þorbjƒrn hornklofi 269, 481 age 464 Þorbiƒrn ska´ld 405, 423 compilation studies 466–8 Þo´rðr Kolbeinsson 479 conversion group 463, 469–71 Þo´rðr Narfason 430 definition 462 Þo´rður Magnu´sson a´ Strju´gi 208, 216–17, etymology 465 218 feud stories 463, 465, 471–2 Þorfinnr Karlsefni 299, 498, 531–2, 533 independence from context 465 Þorfinnr Sigurðarson, earl of Orkney 48 mythic-heroic þættir 464, 472–3 Þorgeirr (scribe) 252 relationship to sagas 159 Þorgeirr Ha´konarson 248 sources and reliability 464–5 Þorgeirr Ha´varsson 109 taxonomy 462–4 Þorgeirr Þorkelsson (law-speaker) 145, þættir: works 302–3 Auðunar þa´ttr vestfirzka 463, 464, 467 Þo´rgunna 529–30 Bergbu´aþa´ttr 463 Þo´rhallr veiðimaðr 497–9 Bolla þa´ttr 463, 464 Þorkell Elfaraska´ld 66, 78 Brand-Krossa þa´ttr 294 Þorkell Geitisson 293–5 Brands þa´ttr ƒrva 463, 468–9 Þorkelsson, Jo´n219 Draumr Þorsteins Sı´ðu-Hallssonar 463 Þorla´kr, St 27, 29, 34–6, 146, 147 Einars þa´ttr Sku´lasonar 463 church services celebrating 207 Eindriða þa´ttr ok Erlings 473, 474 Þorla´ks saga 30–2, 34–5, 35–6, 251 Eymundar þa´ttr Hringssonar 473, 474 Þorla´kr Ru´no´lfsson 158 Geirmundar þa´ttr heljarskinns 427, 431, Þorla´ksson, Helgi 469–70 437, 438, 462, 466 Þorleifur Repp 333 Grœnlendinga þa´ttr (Einars þa´ttr Þo´roddr dra´pustu´fr (‘Poem-stump’) 480 Sokkasonar) 471 Þo´ro´lfsson, Bjo¨rn Karel 208, 209, 219 Gunnars þa´ttr helmings 304 Þo´rr Gunnars þa´ttr Þiðrandabana 294 in eddic poetry 86–7 Halldo´rs þa´ttr Snorrasonar II 463 and giants 315 Haukdœla þa´ttr 427, 432, 437 power of 522 Helga þa´ttr ok U´ lfs 463, 464, 467, 471 sculptures and carvings 306, 418, 419 Helga þa´ttr Þo´rissonar 464, 470, 472 and social order 313–14 Hro´aþa´ttr heimska 464, 473–4 temples to 305 Hro´mundar þa´ttr halta 463, 471–2, 473, and the wind 470 475 Þorsteinn Eirı´ksson 532 I´slendingaþættir 463, 468–9 Þorsteinn Illugason 252 I´vars þa´ttr Ingimundarsonar 463, 467 Þorsteinn Þorleifsson 253 Kumblbu´aþa´ttr 463 Þorsteinsson, Bjo¨rn 150 Ma´na þa´ttr I´slendings 463 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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þættir: works (cont’d) Upplƒnd 503 Nornagests þa´ttr Uppsala 305 content 289, 448 Uppsala, battle of 413, 422 on conversion to Christianity 457, 463 Vafþru´ðnir 85–6 on ethics 470 Valhalla 86 imitations of 464 valkyries 527–8 influences on 470 Vanir 304, 316 transmission 462 see also Freyja; Freyr O´ la´fs þa´ttr Geirstaðaa´lfs 473 Varangian Guard 126 Orms þa´ttr Sto´ro´lfssonar 464, 473, 475 Vatnsfjo¨rður, Vatnsfjƒrðr 251 Rƒgnvalds þa´ttr ok Rauðs 463, 470 Vedel, Anders Sørensen 213, 214 Sneglu-Halla þa´ttr 463, 464, 467 Veili 280 Sturlu þa´ttr 433, 434, 438–9, 450 Vellir 252 Styrbjarnar þa´ttr Svı´akappa 473–4 Verelius, Olaus 325 Sveins þa´ttr ok Finns 463, 470 Verstegen, Richard 326 Sƒrla þa´ttr 463, 470, 471, 472–3 Vestmannaeyjar 15 To´ka þa´ttr 463, 464, 471 Vı´dalı´n, Pa´ll see Pa´ll Vı´dalı´n Þa´ttr af Ragnars sonum 473 Viðey 153 Þa´ttr A´ sbjarnar selsbana 476 Vigfu´sson, Guðbrandur 430, 495 Þa´ttr Eindriða ilbreiðs 463 Vigfu´sson, Sigurður 9, 75 Þiðranda þa´ttr ok Þo´rhalls 470 Viking Society 333 Þorleifs þa´ttr jarlaska´lds 473, 474 Vikings Þorsteins þa´ttr Austfirðings 463, 464, 465 definition 7, 8 Þorsteins þa´ttr bœjarmagns 464, 472 origins of traditional conception 324 Þorsteins þa´ttr skelks 463, 470, 471 travels and raids 124–6, 423 Þorsteins þa´ttr stangarhƒggs 463, 471 vikivakar 214–15 Þorsteins þa´ttr uxafo´ts 464, 472, 475 Vilborg ska´ldkona 522 Valvers þa´ttr 373, 377 vina´tta 144 Vƒlsa þa´ttr 463, 470 Vincent of Beauvais 344 ¯gmundar þa´ttr dytts 463, 464, 469–70 vinfengi 144 Vı´nland Ubby stone 125 Norse discovery 122–3, 162–3, 295–300, U´ lfljo´tr 224, 509 333–4 U´ lfr Uggason 481 poetry from 497–9 Undset, Sigrid 331 subsequent voyages to 530, 532 Unger, Carl Richard 330–1, 378 see also saga: family sagas: Eirı´ks saga rauða; Ungmennafe´lagshreyfing 79 saga: family sagas: Grœnlendinga saga Uppland Virgil 46 runic inscriptions 126, 416 Virgil’s Wheel 370 Altuna stone 306, 418, 419 Visio 199 Ba¨llsta inscription 417 Vogt, Kari 470 Hillersjo¨ inscription 422 Vogt, Walter Heinrich 159, 435 Karberga inscription 131 Va¨stergo¨tland 416–17, 417–18 Sta¨ket stone 132 Va¨stmanland 422–3 Ubby stone 125 Vƒlundr 87, 93 Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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Wagner, Richard 329, 448 wool and cloth industry 137 Walcheren 124 Worm, Ole 323, 324, 325 Walter of Chaˆtillon 113, 167, 198, 345, 349 Wu¨rth, Stefanie 451–2, 467–8 Weber, Gerd Wolfgang 380 Wendland 124 Yggdrasill 84, 86, 313 werewolves 455 Yngvarr vı´ðfƒrli 147 Wergeland, Henrik 331 York Powell, F. 495 Werlauf, E. C. 332 Widmark, Gun 181 Zealand (Sjælland) 186 Wilhelm II, kaiser of Germany 331 William of Jumie`ges 391 Æsir 309–10, 316, 325 Wine Bay see Baie de Vin Wodan see O´ ðinn O¨ land, Karlevi stone 404, 408–10, 409, women 488 and chieftaincies 515 O¨ rlygsstaðir, battle of (1238) 499, 508 Christian misogyny 470 O¨ stergo¨tland eddic poetry on 85 Ho¨gby stone 412, 423 first substantial poet 67, 211–12 runic inscriptions 125 inheritance rights 238, 242 Ro¨k stone 93, 180, 276, 405–8, 406, and marriage 316–17 410 poems in praise of famous 217 O¨ sterholm, Nils in poetry and sagas 108–9, 518–35 O¨ xnadalur 14 role of Icelandic 141 rune-stone commemorations 422–3 Øresund 186 saints 39–40 taste in popular literature 212 ¯gmundr Helgason 432 temporary adoption of male gender 454 ¯rlygsstaðir see O¨ rlygsstaðir Comp. by: PS0005 Stage : ChapterID: bindex Date:29/8/11 Time:13:14:23 Filepath://spiina1004z/Production_III/WILEY_BLACKWELL/3B2/Reprint/McTurk/appln/3B2/ bindex.3d

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