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A Report on the Conservation Status of North Carolina's Freshwater and Terrestrial Molluscan Fauna

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A Report on the Conservation Status of North Carolina's Freshwater and Terrestrial Molluscan Fauna fuht/hF5 %fu,*fu A REPORT ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF NORTH CAROLINA'S FRESHWATER AND TDRRESTRIAL MOLLUSCAN FAUNA Gonlobasls Intarrupta Trlodopsls soolnerl Preprn:d by The Scientific C,ouncil on Freshwater and Terrestrial Mollusks MAY I99O JUN13 1990 A REPORTOiI THE .COIISERVATIONSTATUS OF NORTHCAROLITTIA rS FREISTITIATERAIID TERNESTRIALI,IOLLUSCAN FAUNA HAy 1990 / -_l Prepared by Ttre Scientific Council on Freshwater and TerresbriaL llollusks in accordance with Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Sbatutes of North Carolina A REPORTON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF NORTHCAROLINA'S FRESHWATERAND TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCAN FAUNA MAY1990 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 1V SCIENTIFIC COUNCILMEMBERS INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND DISCUSSION 5 RECOMMENDATIONS./. 9 SPECIESACCOUNTS 14 -\EXTINCT OR EXTIRPATEDSPECIES Greenfield rams-horn (Helisoma eucosmium) 16 Libtle-wing pearJ.ymussef(Pegias fabula) 18 Carolina elktoe (Alasmidonta robusfa) 22 FRESHHATERMOLLUSKS Endangered Species 24 Knotby elimia (Goniobasisinternupta) 24 l.tagnificent rams-horn (PlanorbelJ-a magnifica) 27 Tennessee pigboe (Fusconaia barnesiana) , . 31 PisLolgrip (Tritigonia verrucosa) 33 Neuselpike @-iudith;t 35 Tar River spiny mussel (ElIiPtio steinstansana). 37 CaroLina heelsplibter (Lasmigona decoraba) 42 Tennessee heelsplitter (Lasmigona holstonia) 45 Green floater (Lasmigona subviridus) 47 Dwarf wedge musseL (Alasmidonta heterodon) . 50 Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta ravenel.iana) . 53 Slippershefl mussel (Alasmidonbavinidis) 55 Barre1 floaten (Anodonta couperiana) 58 TABLEOF^C0NTENTS (cont. ) ThreatenedSpecies 50 Seep mudalia (Lepboxis dilabata) 60 . Atlantic pigtoe (Fusconaia masoni) 53 Yellovl lance (Elliptio lanceolata) 66 Cape Fear spike (EIliptio mansupiobesa) 59 Roanoke slabsheLl (El-lipti,o roanokensis) 71 l.laccamawspike (EIlipbio waccanawensis) 73 Triangle floaler (Alasmidonta undulata) 81 Brook floater (Alasmidontavaricosa) 84 Squawfoob(Strophitus undulatus) 87 Savannah1illiput (Toxolasmapullus) 91 Mountain creekshell. (ViIlosa vanuxemensis) 94 Yetlow lampmussel(Lampsilis cariosa) 97 I'laccamawfatmucket ( Lampsilis fullerkati ) 101 Species of Special Concern 107 lJaccamawsiltsnail (Cincinnatia sp. ) 07 Waccamawamnicy'la (Amnieola sP.) 10 Blackwater ancylid (Ferrissia hendersoni) 14 Spike (ElIiPtio dilataba) 17 Pod lance (Elliptio folliculata) 120 Arewife flolTeftnoEffi implTcata) 129 Alabamarainbow lm.-9.-.",f neuiflosaT-. r31 Carolina creekshell (Villosa vaughnanianus) 134 Eastern pondmussel(Lieunia nasuta) 135 Waccamawlampmussel (Lampsilis crocata) 138 Wavy-rayedlampmussef (tampsilis fasciola) 145 Tidewabermucket (Lampsilis oqtapea) 147 Eastern lampmussel(Lamosilis radiata) 155 TERRESTRIALMOLLUSKS EndangeredSpecies .l 159 Fragile glyph (Glvphvalinia clinemani) . : . $g ThreatenedSpecies 161 Waccamawambersnail (Catinella waccamawensis) r61 Sculpted supercoil (Paravitrea ternaria) 164 166 Roan supercoil.(Paravitrea varidenq) . : Noonday globe (t'tesoaon clarki nanbahala) 168 SmokyMountain coveat (MesodonferriFsi) 170 Big-tooLh covert (l'tesodonJonesianus) 172 Engravedcovert (Mesodonorestes) 175 177 Clingman coverb (Mesodonclingmanicus) . : Cape Fear threetooth (Tnlsggpgig soelneri) 179 ll TABLE0F CONTENTS(cont. ) Species of Special Concern 181 Black mantleslug (Pallifera hemphilli) 181 Saw-tooth disc (Discus bryanti) 183 Spiral coil (Helicodiscus bonanicus) 185 Fringed coil (Helicodiscus finbriatus) 187 Dark glyph (Glyphyalinia .iunaluskana) 188 Pink glyph (Glvphvalinia pentadelphia) 190 (Glvphyalinia 19? Honey glyph vanatLai) '194 High nounfain supercoil- (Paravibrea andrewsae) Mirey Ridge supercoil (Paravibreaclappi) 196 RampCove supercoil (Paravitrea lacteodens) 198 Lamellate supercoil (Paravitrea lamellidens) 200 Glossy supercoil (Paravitrea placentula) . 202 Opensupercoil (ParavitreS umbilicaris) 204 Bidentate dome (Ventridens coelaxis) 206 Appalachi"n gro"@) 208 Blue-foot lancefooth (Haplotremakendeighi ) 210 Great SmokysIlbmouth (Stenobremadepilat'um) 212 QueencraLlr (ilesodon ctrirnowEensiil. 214 Dwarf proud gt@. 216 Velvet covert (Mesodonsubpalliatus) 218 Dwarf fhreefootla, (Triodopsis fulciden) 220 STATUSUNDETERMINED SPECIES 222 Freshwaber Mollusks 222 Snails 2?2 Pea Clarns 225 Mussels 226 Terrestrial Mollusks ' 230 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 246 I APPENDICES APPENDIX A - A ChEcK]iST Of the Freshwater and Terrestrial Mollusks of North Carolina 111 PREFACE This report documenbsthe negative trends and uncertain fubure which sumoundsNorth Carofina's freshwaberand terrestrial molluscan fauna. Indeed, if this documenttells the truth wellt its reader shoufd be troubled thab the sibuation has becomeso critical; that, in almost a centunyof documenteddecline, so little has been done fo reverse bhe decline of so manyspecies towards exbine&ion. It is the hope of bhe scientific council this this report clearly illustrates tha! we cannot afford to wait any longer to acb on behalf of these species. W.F.A J o iv The Scientific Council on Freshwater and Terrestrial MolLusks Mr. William F. Adams(Chairman) Dr. EugeneP. Keferl Environmenbal ResourcesBranch Departmentof Nabural Sciences Corps of Engineers BrunswickJr. College P. 0. Box 1890 Altama at Fourth Wilmington, NC 28402 Brunswick, GA 31523 (919) 251-4748work (912) 264-7?33work (919) 799-4194home (912) ?65-0143home Mr. John M. Alderman Mr. HughJ. Porter PiedmontProJecb Leader University of Norbh Carolina Nongame& Endangeredtlildlife Program Institute of l4arine Sciences NCWildl-ife ResourcpsCommission 3407 Arendel-lStreet RT4, Box 518 | MoreheadCity, NC 28557 Pittsboro, NC 27312 (919) 726-6841work (919) (919) 542-5331 , 726-4265hone ..-\ Mr. Richard G. Biggins Ms. Any S. Van Devender EndangeredSpecies Field 0ffiee Rb 4, Box 441 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Boone, NC 28607 100 Otis Street,, Room224 AshevilJ-e,NC 28801 (704) 262-1821 (704) 259-0321work (704) 684-7703home I Mr. AndrewG. Gerberich Division of Mollusks Smithsonian Institution NHB118 Washingbon,DC 20560 (202) 357-2044work (703) 830-2317home A REPORTON THE'COI{SERVATIONSTATUS OF NORTHCAROLINAIS FRESHWATERAND TERRESTRIALI'{OLLUSCAN FAUNA Introduction This report presenbs bhe findings of the scientific councif established to evaluate the status of North Carolinars freshwafer and ber-estrial mollusks. Ab bhe oubset of bhe evaluation process, bhe comnibtee deEermined that a listing of all species of freshwater and ferresbrial mollusks which occur in North Carolina was needed as a basis for review. A checklist was bherefore developed using liberafure records and bhe personal records of committee members and is included as Appendix A fo this report. Using this list, the scienbific council deliberated the popuJ-ation conditions oi each taxon of freshwater and terresbrial mollusk icnbwn to occur in North Carolina and asslgned statuses under several different ranking sysfems. These statuses, including bheir definitions' are included in the checklist. The species accounbs provided as a part of this report will be published in bhe n/ar future by the North Carolina Sbafe Museumof Natural Sciences as a component of their ongoing series which reevaluates the state's endangered, threatened and rare fauna. The statuses used in bhe species accounts pr;ovided in this report are, therefore, bhose developed Uy tne sfate museun{and are consistenb with its other published rbevaluations. Stat-trdes used in the recorunendations section of bhis report are those used and defined in Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes of North Carol-ina. Background The Scienbific Council on Freshwater and Terresbrial Mollusks was established in December, 1988. Colleclively, it offers a broad backgnound of expertise in bhe sysbematics, distribution, and ecology of North Carolina's molluscan launa. The scientific council me! on 6 and 7 Mayt {989,.at the'North.Carolina }lildlife'Resources Conmissionrs wildlife depot .t Butne", North Carolina, to assess the populabion condition of each taxon known bo be a component of the stafers freshwaber or terrestrial mol"luscan fauna and to assign statuses under bhe vanious ranking sysbems. prior bo this efforb, the 1975 mollusk comrnittee convened by the .North CaroLina Sbate Museumof Nabural Sciences determined thab 28 species of freshwater or terresbrial, mollusks were either endangered, threatenedt of speciaf concern, or status undetermined. At the time thab nurnber seemedhigh, equating 101 of bhe state's known fauna (FuIIer' 1977). nunber of Today, we-know thab ltrat number was' in acbualiby, too low. .The specles being recommendedfor listing in bhis report, excludipg status undetermined species, sbands at 71, equaling roughly one-fourth of the staters-known iauna. If the stabus undetermined speeies were included in bhis bally, the species of concern would swell to over one-half of the state's fauna. The numberof taxa of freshwater and terrestrial mollusks being recommendedfor listing, within each lisbing category, are shown, by fanily, in Table 1. Table 1. Surmaryof the statusesof NorthCarolina's families of native freshwater and terrestrial mollusks. l{umberof Numberof Taxa Farnily Taxa Ext. Extirp. tnd. Th. 5.C. Und. X E/T/SC % U FRISHIIATERMOLLUSKS Valvatidae 1 _ 1009 Viviparidae 5 _ 60t Hydrobiidae 5 2 40g 20' Pleuroceridae 11 11 l8g 45'', Lymnae'idae 3 _ 67' _ Physidae 3 'l Planorbidae 9 1 ri* qir Ancylidae I 20' Sphaeriidae i3 6 46t Unionidae 64 i tt t2 10 20 s3,. 319 Subtotal 1i9 13 13 13 42 34* I -\ TERRESTRIALMOLLUSKS He'licinidae 1 1 - 1009 Pomatiasidae 1 Carychiidae 4 1-25X Cochlicopidae 1 Valloni iclae 1 ;-nit Pupillidae 14 9-64' Strobilopsidae
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