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28 February 1997 https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1997.56.34

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Kathryn E. Perez, Ph.D. Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 1201 W

2019 CV Kathryn E. Perez, Ph.D. Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 Phone: 956-665-7145 Email: [email protected] URL: http://northamericanlandsnails.org/ Education 2005 Ph.D. Biological Sciences, University of Alabama. 2001 M.S. Biology, Angelo State University. 1998 B.S. Biology, Angelo State University. Professional Experience Assistant Professor, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 2014-present. Assistant Professor, University of Texas Pan-American/University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 2014-2015. Undergraduate Program Coordinator, Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 2017-present. Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin at La Crosse, 2012-2014. Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin at La Crosse, 2008-2012. Member, Assessment of Competence in Experimental Design in Biology (ACED-Bio) Research Coordination Network 2014-2019. Associate, UWL Institute for Latina/o and Latin American Studies. 2008-2014. Research Associate, Section of Mollusks, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 2005-present. Postdoctoral Fellow, Seeding Postdoctoral Innovators in Research and Education (NIH-SPIRE), 2005-2008. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Visiting Research Scholar, Duke University, Durham NC, Postdoctoral Research with Dr. Cliff Cunningham, 2005-2008. Visiting Assistant Professor, North Carolina Central University, Durham NC, 2007. Graduate Fellow, Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (NSF-IGERT) program in the Freshwater Sciences,
EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Polynesian Tree Snails (Partula Spp)

EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Polynesian tree snails (Partula spp) Edition 1.0 Publication date June 2019 Partula Snail EEP Species Committee Editor Dave Clarke, ZSL 2019_Partula sp_EAZA Best Practice Guidelines EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Polynesian tree snails (Partula spp) Terrestrial Invertebrate Taxon Advisory Group TITAG Chair: Mark Bushell, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 3HA [email protected] TITAG Vice-Chairs: Tamás Papp, Chester Zoo, Moston Rd, Upton, Chester CH2 1EU. [email protected] & Vítek Lukáš, Zoo Praha, U Trojského zámku 3/120, 171 00 Praha 7, Czechia. [email protected] EEP Co-ordinator: Paul Pearce-Kelly, ZSL [email protected] EEP Studbook keeper: Sam Aberdeen, ZSL [email protected] Edition 1.0 Publication date June 2019 (based on global Management Guidelines document Nov 2007 eds Pearce-Kelly, Blake, Goellner & Snider) Editor Dave Clarke, ZSL [email protected] Citation - Clarke, D., EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Partula snails. EAZA 2019 We acknowledge the invaluable input of all Partula snail EEP Species Committee members, SSP colleagues and global participating Partula collections. EAZA Best Practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (June 2019) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable.
Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L

EENY-494 Terrestrial Slugs of Florida (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L. Capinera2 Introduction Florida has only a few terrestrial slug species that are native (indigenous), but some non-native (nonindigenous) species have successfully established here. Many interceptions of slugs are made by quarantine inspectors (Robinson 1999), including species not yet found in the United States or restricted to areas of North America other than Florida. In addition to the many potential invasive slugs originating in temperate climates such as Europe, the traditional source of invasive molluscs for the US, Florida is also quite susceptible to invasion by slugs from warmer climates. Indeed, most of the invaders that have established here are warm-weather or tropical species. Following is a discus- sion of the situation in Florida, including problems with Figure 1. Lateral view of slug showing the breathing pore (pneumostome) open. When closed, the pore can be difficult to locate. slug identification and taxonomy, as well as the behavior, Note that there are two pairs of tentacles, with the larger, upper pair ecology, and management of slugs. bearing visual organs. Credits: Lyle J. Buss, UF/IFAS Biology as nocturnal activity and dwelling mostly in sheltered Slugs are snails without a visible shell (some have an environments. Slugs also reduce water loss by opening their internal shell and a few have a greatly reduced external breathing pore (pneumostome) only periodically instead of shell). The slug life-form (with a reduced or invisible shell) having it open continuously. Slugs produce mucus (slime), has evolved a number of times in different snail families, which allows them to adhere to the substrate and provides but this shell-free body form has imparted similar behavior some protection against abrasion, but some mucus also and physiology in all species of slugs.
Status of Tree Snails (Gastropoda: Partulidae) on Guam, with a Resurvey of Sites Studied by H

Pacific Science (1992), vol. 46, no. 1: 77-85 © 1992 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Status of Tree Snails (Gastropoda: Partulidae) on Guam, with a Resurvey of Sites Studied by H. E. Crampton in 19201 DAVID R. HOPPER 2 AND BARRY D. SMITH 2 ABSTRACT: Tree snails of the family Partulidae have declined on Guam since World War II. One species, indigenous to the western Pacific, Partu/a radio/ata, is still locally common along stream courses in southern areas of the island. The Mariana Island endemic Samoanajragilis is present but not found in abundance anywhere on Guam. Partu/a gibba, another Mariana endemic, is currently known only from one isolated coastal valley along the northwestern coast, and appears to be in a state ofdecline. The Guam endemic Partu/a sa/ifana was not found in areas where it had been previously collected by earlier researchers, and is thus believed to be extinct. The decline and extinction ofthese snails are related to human activities. The single most important factor is likely predation by snails that were introduced as biological control agents for the giant African snail, Achatina ju/ica. The current, most serious threat is probably the introduced flatworm P/atydemus manokwari. This flatworm is also the likely cause of extinctions ofother native and introduced gastropods on Guam and may be the most important threat to the Mariana Partulidae. TREE SNAILS OF TROPICAL PACIFIC islands have 1970). With the exception of the partulids of been of interest since early exploration of the Society Islands, all are lacking study.
Achatina Fulica Background

Giant African Land Snail, Achatina fulica Background • Originally from coastal East Africa and its islands • Has spread to other parts of Africa, Asia, some Pacific islands, Australia, New Zealand, South America, the Caribbean, and the United States • Can be found in agricultural areas, natural forests, planted forests, riparian zones, wetlands, disturbed areas, and even urban areas in warm tropical climates with high humidity • Also known scientifically as Lissachatina fulica • Common names include giant African land snail and giant African snail Hosts Image citation: Cotton - Charles T. Bryson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.bugwood.org, #1116132 Banana - Charles T. Bryson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.bugwood.org, #1197011 Papaya - Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, www.bugwood.org, #5420178 Pumpkin - Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, www.bugwood.org, #5365883 Cucumber - Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, www.bugwood.org., #5363704 Carrots - M.E. Bartolo, www.bugwood.org, #5359190 Environmental Impacts • Consumes large quantities and numbers of species of native plants – May cause indirect damage to plants due to the sheer numbers of snails being so heavy that the plants beak under their weight – May also be a vector of several plant pathogens • Outcompetes and may even eat native snails • It eats so much it can alter the nutrient cycling • Their shells can neutralize acid soils and therefore damage plants that prefer acidic soils • Indirectly, the biocontrol and chemical control that is used on this species can affect native snail species as well. Structural Concerns and Nuisance Issues Image citation: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Public Health Concerns • Intermediate host that vectors: – rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis (roundworm) – A.
Taxonomy, Conservation, and the Future of Native Aquatic Snails in the Hawaiian Islands

diversity Perspective Taxonomy, Conservation, and the Future of Native Aquatic Snails in the Hawaiian Islands Carl C. Christensen 1,2, Kenneth A. Hayes 1,2,* and Norine W. Yeung 1,2 1 Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; [email protected] (C.C.C.); [email protected] (N.W.Y.) 2 Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Freshwater systems are among the most threatened habitats in the world and the biodi- versity inhabiting them is disappearing quickly. The Hawaiian Archipelago has a small but highly endemic and threatened group of freshwater snails, with eight species in three families (Neritidae, Lymnaeidae, and Cochliopidae). Anthropogenically mediated habitat modifications (i.e., changes in land and water use) and invasive species (e.g., Euglandina spp., non-native sciomyzids) are among the biggest threats to freshwater snails in Hawaii. Currently, only three species are protected either federally (U.S. Endangered Species Act; Erinna newcombi) or by Hawaii State legislation (Neritona granosa, and Neripteron vespertinum). Here, we review the taxonomic and conservation status of Hawaii’s freshwater snails and describe historical and contemporary impacts to their habitats. We conclude by recommending some basic actions that are needed immediately to conserve these species. Without a full understanding of these species’ identities, distributions, habitat requirements, and threats, many will not survive the next decade, and we will have irretrievably lost more of the unique Citation: Christensen, C.C.; Hayes, books from the evolutionary library of life on Earth. K.A.; Yeung, N.W. Taxonomy, Conservation, and the Future of Keywords: Pacific Islands; Gastropoda; endemic; Lymnaeidae; Neritidae; Cochliopidae Native Aquatic Snails in the Hawaiian Islands.
Summary of North American Blancan Nonmarine Mollusks1

MALACOLOGIA , 1966, 4(1): 1-172 SUMMARY OF NORTH AMERICAN BLANCAN NONMARINE MOLLUSKS1 D. W. Taylor U. S. Geological Survey, and Research Associate, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. A. ABSTRACT All known North American nonmarine mollusks of Blancan (late Pliocene and early Pleistocene) age have been here fitted into the available framework of associated fossils, physical stratigraphy and radiogenic potassium-argon dates. Many of the independently dated molluscan assemblages are so similar to other faunas that most of the fossils summarized can be assigned confidently to the Blancan age. These assignments permitted compilation of lists of last appear- ances of genera and families that are unknown during or after Blancan times. About 50-55 Blancan assemblages are known, and together with about 10-15 older or younger faunas included for convenience of discussion they are summarized under 57 local geographic headings (map, Fig. 1). For each local assemblage the following data have been given so far as possi- ble: location, previous references to mollusks, stratigraphic unit and most recent geologic maps, number of species of mollusks, mention of other fossils from the same locality or formation, age, institution where fossils are preserved, and most recent topographic maps. The detail of treatment varies widely, according to available information, progress of knowledge since previous liter- ature and the usefulness of new information. Lists of species are included usually only if the fauna is revised or first recorded in this paper, but the references to previous work are intended to be complete. The Blancan faunas from the Great Plains region (Nebraska, Kansas, Okla- homa, Texas), and from Arizona, are generally similar and include mainly widespread living species.
Euglandina Rosea Global Invasive

FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Euglandina rosea Euglandina rosea System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Spiraxidae Common name Rosige Wolfsschnecke (German), rosy wolf snail (English), cannibal snail (English) Synonym Similar species Summary The carnivorous rosy wolfsnail Euglandina rosea was introduced to Indian and Pacific Ocean Islands from the 1950s onwards as a biological control agent for the giant African snail (Achatina fulica). E. rosea is not host specific meaning that native molluscs species are at risk of expatriatioin or even extinction if this mollusc-eating snail is introduced. Partulid tree snails of the French Polynesian Islands were particularly affected; having evolved separately from each other in isolated valleys, many Partulid tree snails have been lost and today almost all the survivors exist only in zoos. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description The shell is large (up to 76 mm in height, 27.5 mm in diameter), thick and has prominent growth lines (University of Florida 2009). The shape of the shell is fusiform with a narrow ovate-lunate aperture and a truncated columella; typically, the shell color is brownish-pink (University of Florida 2009). Adult Euglandina grow from about seven to 10 cm long (Clifford et al. 2003). Habitat Description Euglandina rosea is usually found singly in hardwood forests, roadsides and urban gardens in its native range in Florida (Hubricht 1985, University of Florida 2009). Reproduction Euglandina rosea is a cross-fertilising egg-laying hermaphrodite. Chiu and Chou (1962, in Univeristy of Florida 2009) gave details of the biology of Euglandina in Taiwan. Individuals live up to 24 months.
From 61 Species to Five: Endemic Tree Snails of the Society Islands Fall

Oryx Vol 37 No 1 January 2003 From 61 species to five: endemic tree snails of the Society Islands fall prey to an ill-judged biological control programme Trevor Coote and E´ ric Loe` ve Abstract Following the well documented extinctions almost 100 years of biological research. It now seems that of many species of endemic tree snail (family Partulidae) the remnant populations of Samoana attenuata discovered throughout French Polynesia, field surveys were under- only 5 years ago are the only species of partulid still taken on four islands in the Society archipelago to surviving beyond Tahiti on the Society Island group. The provide up to date information for the international mixed species populations in the Te Pari area of Tahiti-Iti conservation programme for this group of invertebrates. are still extant, but the predatory snail Euglandina rosea These surveys have confirmed the loss of all species of has now spread to the last valley on the Peninsula that Partula in the wild on the Society Islands other than did not have previous evidence of predator activity. On Tahiti. Thirty-three species have been lost from Raiatea, Tahiti-Nui populations of partulid, without the predator, thereby eliminating one of the most outstanding were found near the crest of Mount Tahiti above Orofero examples of island evolutionary radiation. On Huahine Valley. Partulidae are clearly a highly threatened family the disappearance of P. varia and P. rosea, used for of invertebrates, and in need of the most intense making lei (shell jewellery), had an economic and social conservation focus. eCect on the local community: many of the women of the villages lost their livelihoods, and the artisan’s associ- Keywords Biological control, extinctions, Mollusca, ation folded.
Invasive Temperate Species Are a Threat to Tropical Island Biodiversity

BIOTROPICA 42(6): 732–738 2010 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00629.x Invasive Temperate Species are a Threat to Tropical Island Biodiversity Wallace M. Meyer III1,2,3 and Robert H. Cowie1 1 Center for Conservation Research and Training, Paciﬁc Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 408, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A. 2 Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A. ABSTRACT To protect the remaining biodiversity on tropical islands it is important to predict the elevational ranges of non-native species. We evaluated two hypotheses by examining land snail faunas on the eastern (windward) side of the island of Hawaii: (1) the latitude of a species’ native region can be used to predict its potential elevational range and (2) non-native temperate species, which experience greater climatic ﬂuctuations in their native range, are more likely to become established at higher elevations and to extend over larger elevational ranges than non-native tropical species. All non-native tropical species were distributed patchily among sites 500 m and occupied small elevational ranges, whereas species introduced from temperate regions occupied wide elevational ranges and formed a distinct fauna spanning elevations 500–2000 m. Most native land snail species and ecosystems occur 4 500 m in areas dominated by temperate non-native snail and slug species. Therefore, knowing the native latitudinal region of a non-native species is important for conservation of tropical island ecosystems because it can be translated into potential elevational range if those species are introduced. Because temperate species will survive in tropical locales particularly at high elevation, on many tropical islands the last refuges of the native species, preventing introduction of temperate species should be a conservation priority.
Partulid Snails, Their Collectors, and a Prodigious Dynasty of French Naturalists Harry G

Page 10 Vol. 40, No. 1 Partulid snails, their collectors, and a prodigious dynasty of French naturalists Harry G. Lee The Acquisition Phase; the “Adanson Family Collection” The peripatetic Alain Allary, noted French shell-dealer and frequent participant in COA Convention bourses, and I go back quite some time. I recall getting some very interesting, both biologically and historically, shells from him as far back as the Panama City (1993) event, but our conversations and transactions have unfortunately been relatively few and far-between. Consequently I was pleasantly surprised at the recent Port Canaveral bourse when he showed me a sizable sample of curatorially time-worn tropical land snails. Alain informed me that they were from a collection belonging to the extended family of pioneer malacologist Michel Adanson. He went on to say the shells began to accumulate in the Eighteenth Century and increased in number through the efforts of certain members of later generations. Fascinated as much by the fame and antiquity of the material as my need to know more about Partula snails, obviously the dominant group in the assortment, I happily purchased the entirety of his offering. The state of conservation of this little collection certainly warrants more than passing Fig. 1 The original display with the shells glued to the top of the box and comment. Firstly, Alain found this material in the labels attached inside. The label under the shell provides the name and a somewhat less well-curated condition than I locality while the additional label(s) inside the box expand the information. did.
Survival of Partula Species on Moorea and Tahiti

1 2 DR. AMANDA HAPONSKI (Orcid ID : 0000-0001-5521-7125) 3 4 5 Article type : Original Article 6 7 8 Article Type: Original Research 9 10 Deconstructing an infamous extinction crisis: survival of Partula species on 11 Moorea and Tahiti 12 13 Running head: Moorean and Tahitian Partula genomic patterns 14 15 Amanda E. Haponski*, Taehwan Lee, Diarmaid Ó Foighil 16 17 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann 18 Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 19 20 *Corresponding author 21 22 E-mail addresses: 23 [email protected] 24 [email protected] 25 [email protected] 26 27 28 Abstract 29 30 Eleven of eighteen Author Manuscript Society Island Partula species endemic to the Windward Island subgroup (Moorea and 31 Tahiti) have been extirpated by an ill-advised biological control program. The conservation status of this This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/EVA.12778 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved Haponski et al. 2 32 critically endangered tree snail radiation is of considerable import, but is clouded by taxonomic 33 uncertainty due to the extensive lack of congruence among species designations, diagnostic morphologies 34 and molecular markers. Using a combination of museum, captive, and remnant wild snails, we obtained 35 the first high-resolution nuclear genomic perspective of the evolutionary relationships and survival of 36 fourteen Windward Island Partula species, totaling 93 specimens.