ESF EUROCORES Programme Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) Highlights European Science Foundation (ESF) Physical and Engineering Sciences (PESC) The European Science Foundation (ESF) is an The Physical and Engineering Sciences are key drivers independent, non-governmental organisation, the for research and innovation, providing fundamental members of which are 78 national funding agencies, insights and creating new applications for mankind. research performing agencies, academies and learned The goal of the ESF Standing Committee for Physical societies from 30 countries. and Engineering Sciences (PESC) is to become the The strength of ESF lies in its influential membership pan-European platform for innovative research and and in its ability to bring together the different domains competitive new ideas while addressing societal of European science in order to meet the challenges of issues in a more effective and sustainable manner. the future. The Committee is a unique cross-disciplinary Since its establishment in 1974, ESF, which has its group, with networking activities comprising a good headquarters in Strasbourg with offices in Brussels mix of experimental and theoretical approaches. and Ostend, has assembled a host of organisations It distinguishes itself by focusing on fundamental that span all disciplines of science, to create a research and engineering. PESC covers the following common platform for cross-border cooperation in broad spectrum of fields: chemistry, mathematics, Europe. informatics and the computer sciences, physics, ESF is dedicated to promoting collaboration in fundamental engineering sciences and materials scientific research, funding of research and science sciences. policy across Europe. Through its activities and instruments ESF has made major contributions to science in a global context. ESF covers the following scientific domains: Editorial Board • Humanities • Professor Vladimir Falko, Project Leader, • Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom • Medical Sciences • Professor Giuseppe Iannaccone, Project Leader, • Physical and Engineering Sciences IEIIT-CNR sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy • Social Sciences • Professor Andrew Briggs, Project Leader, • Marine Sciences Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom • Materials Science and Engineering • Dr Christopher Marrows, Project Leader, • Nuclear Physics University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom • Polar Sciences • Professor Bogdan Bulka, Project Leader, • Radio Astronomy Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland • Space Sciences • Mr Neil Williams, PESC Head of Unit, ESF, France • Dr Ana Helman, EUROCORES Programme www.esf.org Coordinator, ESF, France • Dr Isabel Van De Keere, Junior Science Officer – EUROCORES, ESF, France • Dr Hilary J. Crichton, Junior Science Officer – EUROCORES, ESF, France • Ms Catherine Lobstein, EUROCORES Administrator, ESF, France

Cover Image: Artistic view of the image-potential states above a cobalt island on a gold surface. Courtesy of Professor Chris Van Haesendonck Contents

Foreword 3

1. Governing Bodies 5 1.1 Management Committee 5 1.2 Scientific Committee 5 1.3 International Review Panel 5 1.4 Funding Organisations 6 1.5 Support Team at the ESF 7

2. Description of the FoNE Programme 9 2.1 Rationale and Objectives 9 2.2 Scientific Themes and Research Objectives of the Call for Proposals 9 2.3 List of Projects 11 2.4 EUROCORES Selection Process 12 2.5 EUROCORES Acknowledgements 13

3. Highlights of the FoNE Collaborative Research Projects (CRPs) 15 3.1 Spin-Coherent Transport and Control in Quantum Nanostructures (SpiCo) 15 3.2 Device Electronics Based on Nanowires and Nanotubes (DEWINT) 17 3.3 Intra-Molecular Propagation of Electron Spin States (IMPRESS) 19 3.4 Domain Walls and Spin-Polarised Currents (SPINCURRENT) 21 3.5 Spin-dependent Transport and Electronic Correlations in Nanostructures (SPINTRA) 23

4. Networking and Dissemination Activities 27

5. Outreach Activities 33

6. Related ESF Activities 35 6.1 Research Networking Programmes 35 6.2 EUROCORES Programme: EuroGRAPHENE 37

Annex: FoNE Review Panel Consensus Report 39

l l l FoNE was one of the early EUROCORES pro FoNE one EUROCORES was early of the Europe. The goal of The to goal was generateEurope. FoNE funda Projects, resulting in the development the in of common resulting Projects, Several advances were made in the field: the advancesSeveral wererealisa field: the madein Foreword encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (peapods) nanotubes carbon and in encapsulated exchanged, and young postdoctoral and PhD stu PhD and postdoctoral young and exchanged, project were know-how ideas and tools developed, physics; resistance creation pinning of a quantum to create a synergy between the the between to create and electronics asynergy multidisciplinary collaborations among the pro the among collaborations multidisciplinary dents had the opportunity to present research their opportunity haddents the measurement properties; spin of demonstra the field of the nanoscale within knowledge mental that provides a direct electrical measurement of electrical providesthat adirect of anon-magnetic spin-photovoltaic polarimeter to leaders in the field. the to leaders in torque resonator spin frequency-dependent a of tion chains spin with functionalised oftion fullerenes high-level producing many publications. and tools needthe for basic in research on nanoelectronics based on current-threshold magnetic domain-wall onbased current-threshold domain-wall magnetic cant scientific achievements scientific cant havethe been made by activities of world-leading, European research European of world-leading, activities light polarisation. light networking activities. networking joint workshops, FoNE fostered innovative and ject investigators and their laboratories. Newject investigators their and standard using graphene carbide; creation using on silicon standard of fiveResearch efforts Collaborative synergistic groups through real scientific collaborations and collaborations scientific real groups through grammes that were launched in 2005, recognising were 2005, that recognising in launched grammes Through its successful conferenceand series successful its Through Over the course of the past three years, signifi years, three past of course the Over the ------Leaders and all scientists and ESF colleagues colleagues ESF and scientists all and Leaders mitment. order to contribute to the international endeavour endeavour international the to contribute to order to address the many remaining questions and chal questions and remaining many the to address of the programme. The collaborations that have The collaborations programme. of the involved high-levelcontribution com for and their and dissemination activities during the duration duration the during activities dissemination and lights in terms of scientific results, and networking and networking of terms scientific results, in lights lenges in this exciting field. exciting this lenges in started will hopefully continue and strengthen in in strengthen continue and hopefully will started The aim of this report is to illustrate the high the illustrate is to report this of aim The With this I would like to thank the five the Project to thank like Iwould this With Physical and Engineering Sciences Unit (PESC) Sciences Engineering and Physical Head ofHead Unit Mr Neil Williams - - -

Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 3

1. Governing Bodies 1.1 Theory, Poland l l l Computer Science, Department Condensed Matter Matter Condensed Department Science, Computer Cyprus General Dirección Europeos, Programas de General Consiglio delleNazionale Ricerche, Republic Czech Foundation, Science Czech of Electronics, Bulgaria Electronics, of de Internacional,Cooperación Spain University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Applied and Astronomy Physics, of Faculty University, Institut Ruder Boskovic, Croatia Boskovic, Ruder Institut Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian Jagiellonian Physics, of Institute Smoluchowski Marian Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Subdirección Subdirección eInnovación, Ciencia de Ministerio Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Republic Slovak Sciences, of Academy Slovak Switzerland Natural Foundation, Science National Swiss Forschung, Austria Wissenschaftlichen der Förderung zur Fonds Institute Sciences, of Academy Bulgarian Unit, Cooperation International and Programmes Research Promotion Foundation, European Research Hungary Physics, Biological of Department University, Loránd Eötvös Belgium Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen, and Engineering Sciences, Division Mathematics, Mathematics, Division Sciences, Engineering and National Research Council, Dipartimento Dipartimento Council, Research National Professor Jozef Spalek Rakoczy Doris Dr Nedkov Ivan Professor Ms Constantina Makri Luby Stefan Professor Kürti Jeno Professor Dr Jaroslav Horvat Dr Benno Hinnekint Dr Severino Falcón Morales D’Amato Anna Dr Burkhard Paul Dr Bonkova Karolina Mrs per le Attivita’ Internazionali Servizio I Roma, Italy IRoma, Servizio Internazionali Attivita’ le per Management Committee Management

1.3 1.2 of Padova, Italy Padova, of Poland Poznan, Sciences, of United Kingdom University of Leeds, Faculty of Mathematics and and Mathematics of Faculty Leeds, of University United Kingdom United Kingdom Materials, of Department Oxford, of University Ingegneria dell’Informazione,Ingegneria Pisa, Italy di c/o Dipartimento Pisa, di sezione IEIIT-CNR Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy Academy Polish Physics, Molecular of Institute Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Council, Research Sciences Physical and Engineering Ireland Programmes, Technology International Ireland, Enterprise Lithuania Technologies, Optical of Department Electronics, Physical of Technology, of Institute University Kaunas Lithuania Technology, of University Kaunas Department, Physics Belgium K.U. Leuven, Magnetisme, en Vaste-Stoffysica voor Laboratorium University Sciences, Chemical of Department Kingdom United Sciences, Physical University, Lancaster Department, Physics Dr Jonathan Williams Ward Rita Ms Professor Sigitas Tamulevicius Dr Christopher Marrows (SPINCURRENT) Professor Giuseppe Iannaccone (DEWINT) Dr Arvaidas Galdikas Professor Yvan Bruynseraede Professor Renato Bozio Professor Vladimir Falko (SpiCo) Bulka (SPINTRA) Bogdan Professor (IMPRESS) Professor Briggs Andrew

Scientific Committee Scientific International ReviewInternational Panel

Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 5 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 6 Advanced Materials and Surfaces Group, Tyndall Group, Surfaces and Materials Advanced Gothenburg University, Sweden University, Gothenburg Atomique/Direction àl’Énergie Commissariat QinetiQ Malvern, Sensors and Electronic Division, Division, Electronic and Sensors Malvern, QinetiQ of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology and and Technology of University Chalmers Physics, of DRFMC/SPSMS, (CEA), Matière la de Sciences des University, Hungary States United Massachusetts, of University Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Barcelona, de Universitat United Kingdom Institute of Measurement Science, SAS, Slovak Slovak SAS, Science, Measurement of Institute Republic Czech ASCR, Physics, of Institute Institute of Physics, Marie Curie-Slodowska University, University, Curie-Slodowska Marie Physics, of Institute Surfaces, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland Lausanne, de Université Surfaces, Physical Electronics and Photonics, Department Department Photonics, and Electronics Physical Lorand Eötvös Physics, General of Department Republic 411 Physics, of Laboratory, Hasbrouck Department des Physique de -EPF, -IPNSB LPS Laboratoire France Departament d‘Electrònica, Facultat de Física, Física, de Facultat d‘Electrònica, Departament Electronics, Bulgaria of Institute Sciences, of Academy Bulgarian Poland National Institute, University College Cork, Ireland Cork, College University Institute, National Professor Magnus Willander Professor Tamas Ungar Tysler Milan Dr Professor Mark Tuominen Smrcka Dr Ludvik Professor Wolf-Dieter Schneider Dr Marc Sanquer Professor Martyn E. Pemble E. Martyn Professor Professor Joan Ramòn Morante Professor Georgy Mladenov Professor John H. Jefferson Professor MieczyslawJalochowsky 1.4 Austria: Vlaanderen * Vlaanderen (actual funding received from organisations organisations from received funding (actual Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique/ àl’Énergie Commissariat Czech Science Foundation* Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation Arts and Sciences of Academy Croatian Czech Republic: Republic: Czech Cyprus: Croatia: Enterprise Ireland* Enterprise Hungarian Academy of Sciences Matière* la de Sciences des Direction Sciences of Academy Bulgarian - Onderzoek Wetenschappelijk voor Fonds * Forschung Wissenschaftlichen der Förderung zur Fonds marked with *) with marked Ireland: Hungary: Hungary: France: Bulgaria: Belgium: Funding Organisations Interministerial Committee on Science and Technology* and Science on Committee Interministerial United Kingdom: Swiss National Science Foundation* Switzerland: Spain: Sciences of Academy Slovak Republic: Slovak Polish Academy of Sciences* of Academy Polish Foundation Studies and Science State Lithuanian Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council* Research Sciences Physical and Engineering National Council*Research Italy: Italy: Poland: Poland: Lithuania: 1.5 Junior Science Offi Science Junior (2011) – EUROCORES cer Offi Science Junior (2010) – EUROCORES cer Chief Executive Offi Executive Chief ce Communication Communications Officer EUROCORES Scheme Administrator (2006-2008) Administrator Scheme EUROCORES (2009-11) Administrator Scheme EUROCORES (2010) Administrator Scheme EUROCORES (2004-08) Coordinator Scheme EUROCORES (2008-11) Coordinator Scheme EUROCORES (2004-11) Administrator EUROCORES (2004-05) Coordinator EUROCORES (2005-08) Coordinator EUROCORES (2008-11) Coordinator EUROCORES (2004-09) PESC Unit the of Head (2009-11) PESC Unit the of Head Finance Controller Administration and Finance of Director OffiPublications cer Ms Stephanie Pery: Piémont: Eléonore Ms McIntosh: Päivi Ms Dr Svenje Mehlert: Dr Farzam Ranjbaran: Ms Catherine Lobstein: Limeres: Josefa Dr Trapani: Di Antonella Dr Crichton: J. Hilary Dr Keere: De Van Isabel Dr Helman: Ana Dr Bressler: Patrick Dr Mr Neil Williams: Ms Philippa Rowe: Rowe: Philippa Ms Weber: David Mr Hama: Michiko Dr Schott: Sabine Ms Physical and Engineering Sciences Unit Finance Finance Support Team Support ESF at the

Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 7

The text below summarises the scientific objectives belowsummarises The text The main motivation FoNE the pro to launch main The l l l FoNE provided a forum for the cross-fertilisation of FoNE provided cross-fertilisation for the aforum which recognised that acomprehensive that recognised which understand By studying these phenomena these contexts, different in By studying Objectives of the Call for of Proposals the Objectives 2.1 2.2 2. 2. explore of new arange physical phenomena is microelectronics which in foredge asociety electronics, it is necessary to understand and con and to understand it necessary is electronics, ence correlations. of phase-coherentand dynamics proposals issued in 2004. issued in proposals development to It aimed electronics. of nanoscale therefore and devices knowl create necessary the distinct fields of nanoscale physics, magnetism, physics, magnetism, of nanoscale fields distinct techniques and the exploration of emerging fields exploration the fields and of techniques emerging pres from the - share genericthese properties arising networking facilitating of and activities the trating of physical phenomena nanoscale in understanding between world-leading, European research groups. European world-leading, between involving quantum dots, quantum wires, carbon carbon wires, quantum dots, quantum involving ing of the above phenomena is crucial to the future above of the ing phenomena future to the crucial is and research topics as stated in the FoNE Call for research FoNEand topics the Call stated in as accelerate research pace of by the European concen nanotubes and molecular point contacts. Many of Many point contacts. molecular and nanotubes such as graphene. as such and electronics, molecular and superconductivity gradually replaced by nanoelectronics. gradually basic the need from came the to enhance gramme Programme FoNE of the Description To realise the immense potential of nanoscale ofTo nanoscale potential immense the realise hitherto together the to was bring goal The FoNE athree-year was research programme, Rationale and Objectives and Rationale Scientific Themes and Research Research and Themes Scientific - - - - - At a practical level they lead to new and unexpected lead level unexpected to new and they apractical At will therefore be important for future materials materials therefore for future be important will ecules are crucial. Single molecules are also a means a means are also molecules Single are crucial. ecules point contacts, arise from the interplay between cor interplay from between the arise point contacts, ductors represent relatively anew and unexplored a contacting When sensor capabilities. and device magnetic random accessmemories. poten The magnetic metallic counterparts, ferromagnetic semicon ferromagnetic counterparts, metallic beginning just only is functionalities magnetic on this scale. Nanoelectromechanical phenomena Nanoelectromechanical scale. on this effects. novel proximity discovering for opportunity electron correlations from one of communicating Therefore hybridstud structure. ofresulting the tial of nano-spintronics and hybrid devices with hybrid of and with nano-spintronics devices tial effects proximity and scattering interface trol size, technologies on a ten-year timescale. Unlike their their Unlike on aten-yeartechnologies timescale. in information for writing amechanism as used phenomenon be ofThis might ties ferromagnets. of isolated mol level the and structure transport characteristics transport dominate contactthe can to be explored, but will surely impact on coming on impact coming surely to be explored, but will fundamental level, proximity effects in hybrid nano effects level, proximity fundamental field of materials and basic physics and research. of materials field of proper electronics understanding fundamental freedom into play, electri and becausemechanical related systems with different broken symmetries. broken different symmetries. related with systems cal degrees of freedom as a rule are strongly coupled strongly are degrees of freedom arule cal as contact therefore and to another provide a new in a wide variety of hybrid nanostructures. At a At of hybrid nanostructures. variety awide in integrated superconducting, semiconducting and and semiconducting integrated superconducting, conventionalies interplay of between the metallic and sensors also brings nanomechanical degrees of nanomechanical brings sensors also and and devices. Similarly current-induced magneti Similarly devices. and structures, such as ferromagnetic superconducting ferromagneticsuperconducting as such structures, sation reversal also poses a major challenge to our to our amajor poses sation challenge reversal also reservoir, physics the of to a metallic molecule single The ongoing miniaturisation of electronic devices devices electronic of miniaturisation The ongoing ------

Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 9 10 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) Areas of theoretical interest will include differ include interest of will theoretical Areas The aim hereaim is to The generateandtheoretical new This activity will investigate possibilities for using using forinvestigate possibilities will activity This be a platform examin for topicresearch will This Topic Molecular-scale and electronics 2. and noise Topic transport, 1. Quantum (correlations), including Luttinger liquid carriers carriers liquid Luttinger (correlations), including Ferromagnetic-semiconductor are nanostructures with noise signatures of systems with interactions interactions with of systems noise signatures with other novel structures and wires dots, quantum in correlations experimental breakthroughs concerning the fun the concerning breakthroughs experimental ent approaches to counting statistics, the probingent the approaches statistics, to counting be naturally and can transport electron ena affecting programme is on fundamental nanoscale phenom nanoscale on is fundamental programme devices can be enhanced substantially compared to substantially beenhanced can devices wires quantum in of electron transport damentals molecules are very attractive for building electronic electronic for attractive building very are molecules devices and sensors brings new physics sensors brings play into and devices ordinary single-electron transistors. single-electron ordinary hybrid structures. of especially samples, fabrication the in challenges include quencies, and quantum detectors where noisequantum plays role. acentral techniques to increase sensitivity and higher fre higher and to sensitivity increase techniques also will liquid, Luttinger the as such model, uid beyond are phenomenologicalthat the Fermi liq blocks. It was realised some time ago that organic organic that ago some time It realised blocks. was considered. be ferromagnetic systems and quantum dots, along along dots, quantum and systems ferromagnetic can be introduced by use of chemical synthesis. synthesis. of beintroduced by chemical use can of properties that variety rich of the view in circuits ing non-local coherence.ing Systems of interest are ing such effects, including the question of thehow including effects, such ing of extension the presentinclude day measurement phenomena nanoscale magnetic of in collective ing also of fundamental importance forunderstand the importance of fundamental also atoms or molecules as basic electronic building building electronic basic as molecules or atoms single-electron of nanoelectromechanical accuracy properties. nanoelectromechanical with associated prob states and of entangled manipulating and on based dots semiconductor hetero quantum and like carbon nanotubes. Experimental problems Experimental nanotubes. carbon like nanoscale systems is concerned problemsis systems with like nanoscale designs. device new degrees of freedom to future atomic contacts superconductor-normal superconductor- systems, structured into four related into four topics: structured add they time same at the and solid-state systems structures. Systems with non-zero Systems with electron density structures. The primary focus of the FoNE EUROCORES the of EUROCORES FoNE focus The primary Quantum shot noise in small mesoscopic shot or small noise in Quantum The ongoing miniaturisation of electronic electronic of miniaturisation ongoing The ------This topic will aim at optimising spin injection and injection spin at aim optimising topicwill This The increasing possibilities afforded bymodern possibilities increasing The Topic 3. Nanoscale spin-dependent Topic 4. Proximity effects and hybrid hybrid and effects Topic Proximity 4. Rapid advances are now being made in the labora the Rapid in advances made now are being exhibit a variety of unique features such as very very as such features of unique avariety exhibit nanotube carbon of properties electromechanical experimental reality, and it takes careful and well- and it careful and takes reality, experimental of part all are interfaces of the structure electronic the behaviour and field of a exchange ferromagnet, potential as building blocks for future electronics electronics blocks for future building as potential which wires, quantum ofprominent molecular class d. Studies of nanoscale ferromagneticsemiconduc of nanoscale Studies d. detection, to find novel physics in the manipulation novel to find thedetection, manipulation physicsin to include: to of spins, and to reach and amoreof understand spins, thorough beinvestigated. will scales on molecular of the problem, and the different issues in different in issues problem,of the different the and of (single) asuperconductor. in spins richness of The unusual transport properties. Fundamental phys- Fundamental properties. transport unusual tive. coordinated a need laboratories European and tory the questions space derives parameter the large from the ble some long to major answer questions, conceptual these of in spins ofmanipulation the b. Studies ferromagnetic hybrid nanostructured devices. These These devices. ferromagnetic hybrid nanostructured corners. Spin polarisation, diffusion constants, mag constants, diffusion polarisation, corners. Spin the with concern of interaction aCooper the pair of spin-current-induced Studies c. magnetisation hybrid structures. Carbon nanotubes represent nanotubes Carbon a hybrid structures. in metals and semiconductors. Activities are likely likely are semiconductors. and Activities metals in reversal of inducedmagnetisation spin-current ing ics ( ics a. and electronic of investigations the theoretical and competi to are remain they if area this in activity ago posed theoretically, regarding superconductor- regarding posed theoretically, ago netic dipole fields, ferromagnetic domain walls, and walls, domain ferromagnetic fields, netic dipole now fabrication techniques it make possi nanoscale transport andtransport control nanostructures

The interface properties of metals with oxides, with oxides, interface The properties of metals electric fields gated mag structures), fields electric (through tors. best achieved. best reversal, which has potential application potential has particu reversal, which in order to understand the process of electrical process order the in of to electrical understand and both metals and oxides with semiconductors, oxides with and metals both and larly for magnetic random accessmemory. for magnetic larly netic fields, currents and optical andmethods. optical currents netic fields, structures by external fields and forces as such fields by external structures how and are detection these and injection spin Also included will be common experimental becommon experimental will included Also e.g. e.g. Luttinger liquid behaviour) as well as their their behaviour) as liquid well as Luttinger ------The study of such NS and SNS junctions is a prereqSNSand junctions NS ofsuch Thestudy where N is either a very thin metal, or a nanotube, or a nanotube, metal, where thin either Nis avery manipulated. of (carbonmany them dimen 2- and nanotubes low density their is compounds mon of feature these of carriers, which could be modulated by field effect byeffect field bemodulated could which of carriers, or asemiconductor superconductor. S is and Acom uisite for developing systems and devices where devices and the foruisite developing systems cial or are wherecial pairs coherent Andreev entangled them. to disentangle controlled experiments and is easily brought out of equilibrium. Moreover brought out of equilibrium. easily is and superconducting proximity effect is controlled effect by superconducting proximity mobility. sional electron gases) high a very exhibit gates, where the ballistic nature of carriers is cru is of carriers nature wheregates, ballistic the Facts Figures and 4.9 M€ 4.9 research: for Budget programme: the of Duration (CRPs): Projects Research Collaborative Funded 2005 15 May Applications: for Deadline different countries different 10 in November 2006 – March 2010 –March 2006 November 5 Individual Research Projects Projects Research 25 of Individual , consisting Studies are expected of NS and SNS junctions, junctions, of SNS expected NS are and Studies - - - - • • • • • • • • • •

2.3 (IMPRESS) States Spin Spin-Coherent Transport and Control Control and Transport Spin-Coherent and Nanotubes (DEWINT) Intra-Molecular PropagationIntra-Molecular of Electron Device Electronics Based on Nanowires Nanowires on Based Electronics Device in Quantum Nanostructures (SpiCo) Principal Investigators: Principal Investigators: Principal Investigators: United Kingdom United Kingdom United Oxford, United Kingdom United Oxford, Festkörperphysik, Zürich, Switzerland Festkörperphysik, Zürich, Oxford University, Division of Mathematics Lancaster University, IENS, Physics Department, University, PhysicsLancaster Department, IENS, Falko Vladimir Andrew Briggs of University Department and of Sheffield, MontfortDe University, Leicester, Souza De Merlyne c/o Pisa, sezione di di IEIIT-CNR Dipartimento Giuseppe Iannaccone Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, CNR-INFM, CNR-INFM, TASC, Nazionale Laboratorio Franceschi De Silvano Vienna UniversityVienna of Technology, Institute Kosina Hans Sheffield, Engineering, &Electrical Electronic Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Ensslin Klaus University of Cambridge, Department of University Department of Cambridge, Bill Milne University of Basel, Department of Physics,University Department of Basel, Loss Daniel Academy of Sciences CzechRepublic, of the Tomas Jungwirth Engineering, Cambridge,Engineering, United Kingdom Ingegneria dell Informazione, Pisa, Italy Pisa, Informazione, dell Ingegneria Lancaster, United Kingdom United Lancaster, Interfaces, Prague, Czech Republic Prague, Interfaces, and of of Physics, Surface Department Institute für Laboratorium Hönggerberg, Basovizza, Italy Basel, Switzerland Basel, for Microelectronics, Vienna, Austria Vienna, Microelectronics, for and Physical Sciences, Department of Materials, of Materials, Physical Department and Sciences, List of Projects (Project Leader) (Project Leader) (Project Leader)

11 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 12 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) • • • • • • • • • • • • • Associated Partners:

(SPINTRA) Nanostructures in Correlations Collaborator: Spin-dependent TransportSpin-dependent and Electronic (SPINCURRENT) Domain Walls Currents and Spin-Polarised Principal Investigators: Principal Investigators: Astronomy, United Kingdom Leeds, Vienna, Austria Vienna, Université Orsay, Sud, Paris de France United Kingdom United Condensada, C III, Madrid, Spain Madrid, CIII, Condensada, Vladimir Falko Vladimir Coey Michael Allenspach Rolf Lancaster University, IENS, Physics Department, University, PhysicsLancaster Department, IENS, of School Physics, Dublin, College, Trinity Switzerland Division, Rüschlikon, Research IBM of Mathematics Faculty University of Leeds, David Williams Viret Michel Marrows Christopher Forro Laszlo Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cambridge, Cambridge, Laboratory, Cambridge Hitachi Saclay,CEA Gif-sur-Yvette, France Fédérale Lausanne, de Polytechnique École (Project Leader) Bulka Bogdan Ravelosona Dafiné Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute AcademyPolish of Institute Sciences, Fondamental, d’Électronique Institut Herwig Peterlik Herwig Universität Wien, Institut für Materialphysik, Materialphysik, Universität für Institut Wien, Farkhad Aliev Farkhad Universidad Facultad Autónoma Madrid, de Jozef Barnaś Jozef Adam Mickiewicz University, Mickiewicz Department Adam Tomasz Dietl Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics AcademyPolish of Institute Sciences, Ireland Institute of PhysicsInstitute of Complex Matter, Lancaster, United Kingdom United Lancaster, Lausanne, Switzerland Lausanne, de Ciencias, Depto Ciencias, Fisicade Materia la de of Molecular Physics, Poznan, Poland Poznan, Physics, of Molecular of Physics, Poznan, Poland Poznan, of Physics, and Physical Sciences, School of Physical School Physicsand Sciences, and and College of Warszawa, Science, College and Poland (Project Leader)

• • • • • • The peerThe review Collaborative of Research the Council. (minimum three from three different countries). different fromAt three three (minimum Associated Partners:

Project (CRP) proposals in a EUROCORES Project (CRP) aEUROCORES in proposals

New and challenging ideas for EUROCORES pro for ideas EUROCORES challenging New and 2.4 external assessment to at least three referees. assessment to at three least Based external on evaluated are proposals the feasibility, and elty programme like FoNE is a multi-stage process, FoNE amulti-stage is like programme mends which themes are to be further developed, to are themes be further which mends open Call for proposals, for proposals, open Call recom Board Science Advisory the reviews, on these that stage, the Review Panel is responsible is Panel Review the for the stage, that of by submitted are ateam applicants pages three to conduct programme tion: why the it necessary is requirement of basis the collabora the for European In for ThemeProposals. Call annual an through 2.4.2 2.4.1 international international of an establishment the including in a global context. Each proposal is sent for written proposal sent is for Each written context. aglobal in a decision which is then ratified by the Governing theGoverning by ratified then is a decision which programme the level howat and aEuropean will nov quality, scientific to criteria including addition sifting of outline proposals prior to the invitationthe prior proposals to of outline sifting advance and Europe’sposition strengthen scientific and independent Review Panel Review independent and grammes are invited from the scientific community areinvited community from scientific the grammes Czech Republic Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cambridge Cavendish Hitachi Wunderlich Joerg of School Physics University of Nottingham, Gallagher Bryan Universita’ Facoltà “Federico Napoli II” di Tagliacozzo Arturo für KeplerJohannes Institut Universität Linz, Springholz Gunther Prague, of PhysicsInstitute ASCR, Novák Vit Katholieke UniversiteitKatholieke Leuven, Laboratory Van Haesendonck Chris Napoli, Italy Italy Napoli, Laboratory, United Kingdom Cambridge, Halbleiter- und Festkörperphysik, Linz, Austria Austria Halbleiter- Festkörperphysik, Linz, und Department of Physics,Department Leuven, Belgium di Scienze, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Scienze di Dipartimento Scienze, di of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, of Physics Solid-State Magnetism, and and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Astronomy, Kingdom and Nottingham, EUROCORES Selection Process Selection EUROCORES Theme Selection Project Selection outline proposals outline . In response . In to an of about about of

- - - - • Novelty/Originality: • Members • Members • The • The • Each At the time that the Call for proposals is published, for published, is proposals Call the that time the At 10 different European countries 10European different Organisations (EFOs).Organisations FoNE and launched in 2006. These five CRPs 2006. con FoNE in launched These five and Each EUROCORES programme undergoes two two undergoes programme EUROCORES Each Funding EUROCORES to the communicates ESF with scientific quality being the main selection cri selection the main being quality scientific with 5 forFoNEpage the MC). assessments external proposal sent is for written densed matter physics matter densed general. in were five selecteddecisions for EFOs, CRPs by the mid- and final stages. The aim is to assess scientific scientific assess isaim to The stages. final mid- and subsequentESF, by the the managed and funding full proposals stage proposals full the At proposals. of full the progress using the listed criteria: listed the progressthe using wheretion project the leaders are asked to report on tors provide and recommendations forfuture. the makes recommendationsPanel Review terion. The opportu given are an Applicants outside Europe. referees referees,to at from three least including for funding of CRPs, with prioritisation, which prioritisation,which with of CRPs, for funding results of the five of the results workareFoNE teams’ research cooperation and interactions among the investiga cooperation the among interactions and comprehensive reviews to its progress evaluate at the 2.4.4 2.4.3 highlighted with respect to both the programme programme respect the to both with highlighted aims and to the field of nanoelectronics and con field toof the nanoelectronics and aims a Management Committee (MC)a Management Committee (see established is considered then are Panel applicants Review by the nity to reply referee anonymous tonity the reports. sisted of 25 individual research projectssisted of in 25based individual EUROCORES Scientific Committee, Review Review Committee, Scientific EUROCORES EUROCORES programme as observers. as programme EUROCORES guidelines the within programme EUROCORES advisory group; advisory hoc ad other orPanel any within their organisation; their within process by nominating potential Review Panel Review potential process by nominating members and external expert referees expert on behalf members external and of the funding process for EUROCORES projects process for EUROCORES funding of the organisation; funding of their Scheme; EUROCORES of the their funding organisation, including supervision supervision including organisation, funding their After the international peer review international process the After The assessment is carried assessmentout The is carried by remote evalua Written referees’ replies by assessmentsand Mid-Term and Final Reviews Management Committee MC MC MC member can has support may request overall attend is the responsible Most expert responsibility EUROCORES all innovative/original meetings . advice In Chapter the In 3, for liaising from for of review , each , each with the the the ------

• Relevance • European-added • Collaborative • Multidisciplinary The European Science Foundation (ESF) provides (ESF)provides Foundation Science European The To and programme promote EUROCORES the Acknowledgements various subfields within the nanoelectronics area, the nanoelectronics within subfields various (and prior Commission), to 2008, European all the FoNE Review Panel is available in the Annex. Annex. the availablein is Panel FoNE Review working, training and dissemination activities; and and activities; dissemination and training working, Based on these reports, the Review Panel is then then is Panel Review the reports, on these Based 2.5 publications, posters, websites posters, publications, other dissemina and scientific coordination and support for network for support and coordination scientific disciplines, leading to more qual publications and leading disciplines, the programmes, particularly peer-reviewed particularly pub programmes, the as outputstion required are identified to beclearly who support it organisations funding national the and laboratories countries from different uniting a sig with electronics, to progress nanoscale in by the Review Panel, who commented in the final final who commented the Panel, in Review by the being programme-funded or co-funded. This is an an is This or co-funded. programme-funded being report that ‘the five CRPs contributed significantly contributed five ‘the report significantly CRPs that important indicator for monitoring the output of of output the monitoring for indicator important the of report detailed studies’. The high-profile ity the proof major The strength journals. impact assess the overall potential of the programme. of the potential overall the assess achievements; scientific the net asked to examine lications. ing activities of funded scientists currently through through currently scientists of funded ing activities nificant number of publications, including in high high in including of number publications, nificant gramme was in establishing collaborations in the the in collaborations establishing in was gramme Europe; working towards (or achieving) multidisciplinary towards (orworking multidisciplinary achieving) partners outside example illustrat Europe: aclear partners - address of expertise; mass developing a critical to the Call. to the would period that reporting this during CRP the research; contribution relevant to the field in of research ing their added value to the programme and their their and programme to the value added their ing scope). and of issues scale involving ing For CRPs longer to achieve) in an individual project; longer to achieve) individual an in not have been achieved (or have would taken scientific contribution of each CRP to the proto contributionscientific CRP of each given to national funding ( given funding to national relevant to the and field of gramme research; For FoNE, the acknowledgement until 2008 was: acknowledgementFor the until FoNE, FoNE had positivereviews mid-term final and EUROCORES EUROCORES to the Research: Call:

Value: Research: Achievement Results

European e.g. , building up ERA; up ERA; , building How obtained most is

dimension each relevant within CRP ------

13 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 14 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) The aim of the European Collaborative Research Research Collaborative aim of European the The ERAS-CT-2003-980409. Research funding is provided provided is ERAS-CT-2003-980409. funding Research European research in and across all scientific areas. scientific all across and in research European ERAS-CT-2003-980409. of 2009, As the national (EUROCORES) Scheme is to enable researchers in in researchers to enable is Scheme (EUROCORES) (PESC) the at ESF. From 2009 acknowledgement onwards the is: allows national basic research funding and perform and funding research basic national allows neces mass to arerequired reachthe scope critical and scale European where areas in synergy scientific and different European countries to develop collaboration collaboration develop to countries European different funding organisations will provide the funding for the for the funding provide will organisations funding by participating organisations. FoNE is managed by by managed is FoNE organisations. participating by the EC FP6 Programme, under contract no. contract under the EC Programme, FP6 through funded was networking and tion the research funding. Committee Sciences Engineering and the Physical no. contract under the EC Programme, FP6 scientific coordination and networking in addition to addition in networking and coordination scientific aglobal in context. science top class for sary ing organisations to join forces to support excellent excellent to support forces to join ing organisations The scheme provides a flexible framework which framework flexible a provides scheme The Until the end of 2008, scientific coordina of 2008,Until the scientific end - - - – – – • Loss • Daniel Jungwirth • Tomas Ensslin • Klaus Franceschi De • Silvano • • • • The SpiCo project aimed at performing a system a The SpiCo project aimed at performing l l l Control in Quantum Nanostructures Nanostructures in Quantum Control 3.1 phenomena of dots semiconductor newand in wires (SpiCo) transport and control systems. and low-dimensional in transport coherent relevant the physics spin underlying tify and recently developed materials in orderrecentlyand developed in to iden materials atic investigationof spin-related transport quantum 3. 3. Funding Organisations Principal Investigators (CRPs) Collaborative Research Projects Research Collaborative Highlights of the FoNE of the Highlights

Czech Republic Czech Falko Vladimir Italy Switzerland United Kingdom Sciences Research Council Research Sciences to investigate fundamental aspects of electron aspects to investigate fundamental mes- in to investigate spin-dependent transport to find materials andincoherent suitable conditions for materials to find ence, in order to identify materials and devices devices and materials orderence, in to identify designing methods of characterisation of of spin- characterisation methods designing oscale semiconductor structures with a view to aview with semiconductor structures oscale related new materials; in parameters cuits and to develop methods to detect spin currents; to to spin detect develop and methods cuits and mechanisms of spin relaxation and de-coher and of relaxation spin mechanisms and micro-cir coherent and and nano- of in spin transfer suitable for quantum information processing. information forsuitable quantum dot circuits, and dots quantum in dynamics spin The objectivesthe projectof were: Spin-coherent Transport Spin-coherent and : National Research Council Council Research : National : Swiss National Science Foundation Science National Swiss : (Project Leader) : Czech Science Foundation Science Czech : : Engineering and Physical and : Engineering - - - - They were also the first to study first to thelow-temperature also They were The main overlappinginterestsandThe main complementary Mn-based catalytic nanoparticles, while Ensslin’s Ensslin’s while nanoparticles, catalytic Mn-based Franceschi and Ensslin resulted in the observation of the resulted in Ensslin Franceschi and when the coupling is weak whereasweak is for coupling strongcouwhen the work research groups the between headed by Falko InAs and InP nanowires connected to superconduct nanowires InP and InAs expertise of the participating researchers enabled participating of the expertise pling the transport is governed is reflection. transport by the Andreev pling in bistability control polarisation and polarisation magnetic semiconductors. magnetic optically pumped quantum dots. pumped quantum optically types of nanostructures, such as semiconductor as such of nanostructures, types to tonew beextended studies transport quantum the tunnel coupling strength between the nanowire nanowire the between strength coupling tunnel the phenomena transport in of quantum the study tal to spin nuclear dots leading in quantum effects tion transport in p-type GaAs nanowires grown from nanowires GaAs p-type in transport and superconductor:and blockade dominates Coulomb ing of quantum devices in p-type GaAs with strong strong with GaAs p-type in devices of quantum ing seen depend to behaviour The was on electrodes. ing atransmission placed dots inside ire-based quantum nanow InAs in electron spins examining included and Loss produced a theory for hyperfine interac produced for hyperfine Loss and atheory dot at zero mag quantum single InGaAs/GaAs an singlet-triplet tuneable degeneracyin electrically an line resonatorline groupCollaborative by the of Loss. nanowires; quantum dots embedded in nanowires; nanowires; embedded dots in quantum nanowires; neto-resistance magneto-thermopower and in dots quantum on studies Theoretical netic field. spin-orbit interactions. spin-orbit graphene-based devices and nanostructures; and and graphene-based nanostructures; and devices group was the first to investigate theinvestigate manufactur to first group the was A theoretical investigation of anisotropic mag of investigation anisotropic A theoretical Research on quantum dots in the groups the led in dots by De on quantum Research De Franceschi’s groupDe experimen performed an ------15 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 16 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) Additional research by the group led by Jungwirth research group by the led byAdditional Jungwirth (Ga,Mn)As. Analysis of the experimental results results experimental of the Analysis (Ga,Mn)As. Nature al. et Nanotech. A. Tzalenchuk, image. enlarged the in shown is devices the of configuration on top of the terraced substrate; c substrate; terraced the of top on configuration a with SPINTRA researchers; discovered they and SPINTRA with work on GaAs materials, the team collaborated team the materials, work on GaAs with the experimental groups from Nottingham groups from Nottingham experimental the with explained the gating effects on a semi-quantitative on asemi-quantitative effects gating the explained phenomenon of terms wavevector in of scattering makes substantial progress fabrication towards the substantial makes semiconductors performed was magnetic by the of (combining a multiferroicsystem ferromagnetism theoretically described the spin-injection Hall effect effect spin-injection described the Hall theoretically moment dilute ferromagnetic semiconductorthe temperaturethe derivative of ofconductivity the carriers from spin fluctuations. Continuing their their Continuing from fluctuations. spin carriers in a non-magnetic material. The effect was observed effect The a non-magneticin material. iconductor by (Ga,Mn)As aferroelectric material and ferroelectricity) in asemiconductor ferroelectricity) device. and in demonstrated team the Jungwirth’s Lausanne, and level. The result represents the first of its kind and kind first The level. represents oftheits result led the team to explain the physical origin of the physical the origin toled explain team the non-volatile control sem the of in ferromagnetism gave rise to the discovery of critical behaviour of behaviour ofgave critical discovery to the rise theoretically they this, with Along gate electrode. groups of Jungwirth and Falko. In collaboration Falko.In and groups of Jungwirth , AFM image of large flat terraces of graphene on the surface of the Si-face of a SiC substrate; b substrate; SiC of a Si-face the of surface the on graphene of terraces flat large of image , AFM m m 10 a 5 0 b 0 V :1. nm 14.2 z: 1 - :1 m 15 y: mm

V Graphene 1 + 5 V m 2 m - , Layout of a7 of , Layout V 2 + :15 x: 10 × 7 mm m nm 0 nm 4 nm 8 - 2 wafer with 20 patterned devices. The contact configuration for one one for configuration contact The devices. patterned 20 with wafer c (4.2 K), confirming the robustness of the quantum the quantum of robustness (4.2 K), confirming Falko’s a outnew collaboration carried in was team developed of quantum Loss Falko and a theory Ensslin’s team developed the technology to manu developed team technology Ensslin’s the with the National Physical Laboratory, UK. They They Physical National Laboratory, the UK. with Hall effect in graphenein the silicon- on synthesised effect Hall established a quantum Hall resistance quantisa Hall aquantum established graphene- tuneable enabled to fabricate them afully more have devices at low been studied temperature tum resistance standard. quan towards development the of a fundamental steps significant making face of SiC, terminated at 300 mK abillion in of afew parts accuracy tion graphene-based in manipulation spin and transport based single electron transistor. The groups electron transistor.The led single by based facture graphene quantum dots and wires. This This wires. and dots graphenefacture quantum injected into asemiconductor. in a large-area epitaxial graphene Several sample. alarge-area epitaxial in scalable, electrical, aphotovoltaicin allowing cell local detection of the spin polarisation of electrons polarisation spin of detection the local nanostructures. Further research on graphene Further by nanostructures. Responding quickly to the discovery of graphene, discovery to the quickly Responding V V I 1 source 1 + - SiC 5 I , 186 (2010). source , Graphene patterned in the Hall bar bar Hall the in patterned , Graphene V V 1 1 + - mm 7 Graphene V V 2 + 2 V V L - 2 2 + - V V 3 3 + - W I I drain drain V V 3 3 + - - - - 464 (2008). 464 A., Paolillo, S., Syväjärvi, M., Yakimova, R., Yakimova, R., M., Syväjärvi, S., Paolillo, A., V. and Jungwirth, T., Spin-injection effect V. Hall Jungwirth, and 2378 (2008). Wunderlich, J., Irvine, A. C., Sinova, J., Park, Park, Sinova, J., C., A. Irvine, J., Wunderlich, 121306R (2009).121306R Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. M., Výborný, K., Rushforth, A. W., Edmonds, W., A. Edmonds, Výborný,M., Rushforth, K., Tzalenchuk, A., Lara-Avila, S., Kalaboukhov, Kalaboukhov, Lara-Avila,S., Tzalenchuk, A., Time-resolved detection of single-electron single-electron of Time-resolved detection Jungwirth, T., Non-volatile ferroelectric control of of control ferroelectric Non-volatile T., Jungwirth, the in T., point Curie singularity Jungwirth, J., versus Coulomb Blockade in semiconductor in Blockade versus Coulomb (2010). (2009). Campion, R. P., and Campion, R. Foxon, L. B. T., C. Gallagher, (Ga,Mn)As. Gttinger, J., Ihn, T. and Ensslin, K., Tunable K., T. Ensslin, Ihn, and J., Gttinger, T., Ihn, Studer, M., R., Leturcq, Gustavsson, S., Fischer, J., Trauzettel, B. and Loss, D., Hyperfine Hyperfine D., Fischer, Loss, Trauzettel, and J., B. Kazakova, O., Janssen, T., O.,Janssen, Kazakova, V. Falko, Kubatkin, and K. V., Campion, R. P., Gallagher, B. L., Sinova, V., L., B. K. P., Campion, R. Gallagher, R., Dynamics of coupled spins in quantum dots dots of coupled quantum in spins Dynamics R., Pfund, A., Shorubalko, I., Ensslin, K. and Leturcq, Leturcq, and K. Ensslin, I., Shorubalko, A., Pfund, A. C., Gossard, and D. C. Driscoll, K., Ensslin, Novák, V., Olejník, K., Wunderlich, J., Cukr, Cukr, J., Novák, Wunderlich, V., K., Olejník, Phys. Rev. B Rev. strongspin-orbit Phys. with interaction. B. G., Zarbo, L. P., Xu, X. L., Kaestner, B., Novák, Kaestner, B., L., P., X. L. Xu, Zarbo, B. G., Doh, Y. J., De Franceschi, S., Bakkers, E. P. E. A. M. Bakkers, Y.Doh, S., Franceschi, De J., S., Towards based S., standard resistance aquantum Setter, N., Rushforth, A. W., Edmonds, K. W., K. W., A. Edmonds, Rushforth, Setter, N., J., H. W. Trodahl, Stolichnov, S. Riester, E., I., Stampfer, C., Schurtenberger, E., Molitor, F.,Stampfer, Schurtenberger, E., C., Nature Nanotech. Nature graphene. epitaxial on temperature derivative in of resistivity Nature Mater. Nature (Ga,Mn)As. in ferromagnetism Nature Phys. photovoltaic Nature aplanar in cell. interference. Selected Publications Publications Selected interaction and electron-spininteraction and decoherence in and Kouwenhoven, L. P., Andreev Reflection P., Kouwenhoven,and Reflection L. Andreev Nano Lett. Nano devices. nanowire Nano Lett. graphene electron transistor. Nano single graphene and carbon nanotube quantum dots. dots. graphene quantum nanotube carbon and 80, 155401 (2009). Lett. Rev. Phys. Nano Lett. Nano

8 , 2547 (2008). 101

8 , 4098 (2008). 4098 , , 077201 (2008).

5

, 186 186 , 5 , 675 675 ,

7 8 79 , , , – – – – • Milne • Bill Kosina • Hans Souza De • Merlyne • • • The project aimed at acquiring fundamental knowl fundamental The projectaimed at acquiring intrinsic the looked both at CRP The DEWINT Technology for Semiconductors Roadmap that which has indeed characterised DEWINT. characterised indeed has which 3.2 - research intotrans theoretical and experimental physical structures, propertiesand of materials (DEWINT) edge of promising building blocks for integrated building of promising edge port and noise in electronic devices based on carbon based on electronicdevices noise carbon and in port potential performance as areplacement as performance potential of current exploitation in large-scale integrated nanoelec integrated large-scale in exploitation drives world-widedrives research development and in techniques, basic physics and electrical engineering engineering basic physicstechniques, electrical and group a required This a of tronics. with researchers explore properties and ofthe silicon- tematically sys to was the goal More specifically, technology. their evaluating semiconductor and the industry, on Nanowires and Nanotubes combined expertise and proficiencyfabricationin and combined expertise carbon-based devices in view of their possible of their view carbon-based in devices and their application in electronics. It combined electronics. application in their and nanoscale circuits beyond present the circuits International nanoscale (CNTs)nanotubes (SiNWs). nanowires silicon and Funding Organisations Principal Investigators

to improve our understanding of shot noise and to improve understanding our to raise the degree of integration between experi degreeof between integration the to raise to conduct a comprehensive analysis linking the to conduct acomprehensive linking analysis to develop models and accurate simulation tools tools simulation to accurate develop and models Austria Giuseppe Iannaccone Italy United Kingdom Sciences Research Council Sciences Council Research electrical properties of SiNW and CNT devices devices CNT and properties of SiNW electrical port mechanisms and defects through theory and and theory through defects and mechanisms port - trans into the insights additional to gain devices, measurements to down 30 mK; tothe boost activities theoretical and mental other sources of excess noise in SiNW and CNT CNT and sourcesother of SiNW excess noise in that can address realistic three-dimensional three-dimensional realistic address can that ture, defects and transport mechanisms on the on the mechanisms transport and defects ture, role of the tempera of contacts, understanding ics, including the nature of contacts, defects and and defects of contacts, nature the including ics, and structures; and non-ideal behaviour; non-ideal structures, taking into account the relevant into account the phys- taking structures, The main objectivesthe projectof The main were: Device Electronics Based Based Device Electronics : National Research Council Research : National : Austrian Science Fund : Austrian : Engineering and Physical and : Engineering (Project Leader) ------17 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 18 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) Milne established away a established to fabricate in these Milne Meeting, 2009 in Baltimore. The group also devel groupalso The Baltimore. 2009 in Meeting, The most interesting results obtained from the obtained results mostThe interesting CNTs, have in-house they process an to devised FETs show and a characteristics have unipolar Iannaccone at a special session at on aspecial grapheneIannaccone nano SiNW-FETs. The work of importance the revealed k gated CNT-FETs. Short-term group to the visits electronics at the International Electron Devices Devices Electron International atelectronics the project stem work from the on top-gate SiNW of the research part performed as experimental performance technology with zero hysteresis with cur technology performance developments in chirality separated DNA wrapped developments chirality in marked improvement The of performance. device used it to study the phenomenon the itused to study CNT- in and approachoped an to shot evaluate quantitatively enabled Mulhouse of CNRS, Laurent Simon, Dr of Schottky barriers for holes barriers metal/nanotube at the of Schottky transistors. In particular, the group the headed by particular, In transistors. using lithography. using transport measurements conducted ontransport CNT-FETs role to the investigate height on of the hybridisation shot noise behaviour. whentions examining graphene ofachannel using as possibility the ofproject. the Markedly, beginning at the the-art process the of in implementing currently is team by the CRP produced several interesting results, producedresults, several interesting CRP by the rent-voltage characteristics which conventionally conventionally which rent-voltage characteristics construction. required for their for FETsfromthe received attention significant contact in CNT-FETs.contact in Temperature-dependent thus of and multiple patterns alignment consuming construct field effect transistors (FETs). transistors effect field construct These hinders the performance of silicon dioxide/high- of performance silicon the hinders including a self-assembly to generatetechnique including including the effects interacelectron-electronof effects the including a self-assembled nanodielectric to achieve high to achieve high a self-assembled nanodielectric advances in device fabrication. Based on the latest on the fabrication.Based device advances in lation of devices with structures based on based carbon structures lation of with devices lithography.the The negatesneed method time- for noise in quasi one-dimensional conductors one-dimensional and quasi noise in nanoelectronics community and was presented was and by community nanoelectronics graphene and nanoribbonsnanotubes represents nanometre-sized graphene in superlattices without significant progress with the with state-of- progress respect to significant significantly reduces the length time of production the reduceslength significantly dose-modulation electron-beam step using single design rules for fabrication of technologies such rules design ory to experiment to generate some fundamental to generate to experiment ory some fundamental in future. in Of the theoretical outcomes, the atomistic simu outcomes, atomistic the theoretical the Of De Souza and Milne used ab-initio used Milne and Souza De De Souza and co-workers and Souza De have other made calculations calculations - - - - - CNT-FETs than considerably is more challenging in transport (CMOS) n-type Achieving applications. (6,1) ~0.39 bandgap, CNT. The small eV, high and Society. ACS al. et Nano A. Colli, from Reprinted nm. 200 bar: FET, scale nanowire Si gated h, 1µm; bar: scale g, exposure; e-beam single-pattern via nanowire aSi on terminals a-f, filed a patent based on this concept. a patentthis filed on based p-type transport and the team led by De Souza has has led bySouza team De the and transport p-type gave assessment aquantitative of calculations, port doping and makes it an ideal candidate for main candidate ideal it makes an and doping transport behaviour in a palladium-contacted apalladium-contacted behaviourin transport n-type revealed height and anomalous barrier the been identified. Research into the effects ofthe intoeffects pho Research been identified. fabricated- group, by Milne’s trans combined with ried out co-workers; by and Kosina consequently a clear optimum for gate-source the has optimum spacerclear width hole to effective mass ratio, 0.4, unique to the unique to hole toratio, effective mass 0.4, (6,1) non scattering on the electronic transport in CNTs in transport electronic on the non scattering even without transport n-type facilitates nanotube, stream complementary metal-oxide semiconductor complementary metal-oxide stream SEM image of a long-channel (3 µm) top-gated Si nanowire FET, nanowire Si top-gated µm) (3 along-channel of image SEM Process to simultaneously fabricate source, drain and gate gate and drain source, fabricate simultaneously to Process Theoretical workTheoretical CNT-FETs on car also was 3 , 1587 (2009). Copyright 2009 American Chemical Chemical American 2009 Copyright , 1587 (2009). SEM image of a short-channel (400 nm) top- nm) (400 ashort-channel of image SEM - - - ACS Nano ACS A. and Milne, W. on Role of hybridization I., Milne, and A. 39 W. I., Anomalous n-type electrical behaviour behaviour electrical n-type W. Anomalous I., Lett. Device Milne, W. I. and Ferrari, A. C., Top-gated C., W. A. Ferrari, and silicon I. Milne, Europhys. Lett. Europhys. Nanotechnology Jejurikar, S., Casterman, D., Pillai, P. De B., Pillai, D., Casterman, S., Jejurikar, Colli, A., Tahraoui, A., Fasoli, A., Kivioja, J. M., M., J. Kivioja, A., Fasoli, Tahraoui, A., A., Colli, Tahraouhi, M., M. Souza, De D., Casterman, Cranney, M., Vonau, Cranney, Denys, M., B., F., Premlal, (2010). Fiori, G. and Iannaccone, G., Ultralow-voltage G., Iannaccone, Fiori, and G. field-effect transistors in the in presence transistors of electron-field-effect E., Aubel, D., De Souza, M. M. and Simon, L., L., Simon, and M. M. Souza, De D., Aubel, E., Pourfath, M. and Kosina, H., The effectof The H., Kosina, and M. Pourfath, Neophytou, N., Wagner, M., Kosina, H. and and Wagner,Neophytou, H. N., Kosina, M., Betti, A., Fiori, G. and Iannaccone, G., Statistical Statistical G., Iannaccone, Fiori, and G. A., Betti, Superlattice of resonators on monolayer graphene graphene monolayer on resonators of Superlattice Selberherr, S., Analysis of thermoelectric of thermoelectric Analysis Selberherr, S., Milne, and C. Durkan, Tahroui, A., M., M. Souza, effectively degraded by scattering as theopposed to degraded scattering by effectively Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. electron interaction. photogroup’s The detectors. devices work on SiNW properties of scaled silicon nanowires using an an using nanowires properties silicon of scaled phonon scattering on the switching response switching onphonon the scattering theory of shot noise in quasi-one-dimensional of shot quasi-one-dimensional noisetheory in tion of their thermoelectric performance. thermoelectric oftion their transistors. transistors. effect field of height CNT barrier Schottky the diameter nanotube. Nanotechnology nanotube. diameter calculate the electronic structure of SiNWs and and of SiNWs structure electronic the calculate bilayer graphene tunnel FET. IEEE Electron. tunnel graphene bilayer of carbon nanotube field effect transistors. transistors. effect field of nanotube carbon has been used to study various carbon-based devices, carbon-based various been todevices, used has study Selected Publications Publications Selected created by intercalated gold nanoclusters. gold nanoclusters. created by intercalated investigating engineering techniques for optimisa techniques engineering investigating sp the using included CNT-FETs infrared CNT and tunnelling including limit. The device simulator developed device thegroupsimulator The by limit. in Pd-contacted CNTFET fabricated Pd-contacted on small- in CNTFET J. Electron. Mater. Electron. J. model. tight-binding atomistic nanowire transistors in a single fabrication step. asingle in transistors nanowire static characteristics which remain near the ballistic ballistic the near remain which characteristics static response ofshowed CNT-FETs dynamic the that is , 1902 (2010). 1902 ,

3 , 1587 (2009). Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. 30 , 1096 (2009).,

91

18 , 66004 (2010). 66004 , , 424036 (2007). 3 d 5 79 s * tight-binding model to to model tight-binding , 125407 (2009). 81 , 035329 (2010).

21 , 215202 215202 ,

- Peterlik • Herwig Forro • Laszlo • • • • The project IMPRESS dealt with theelectron spin with dealt The projectIMPRESS Within this CRP a whole series of new func CRP this Within Electron. Comput. J. Tunneling CNTFETs. (carbon nanotubes filled with fullerenes). Thewith goal (carbon filled nanotubes (2007). Geometry optimization for carbon nanotube for nanotube carbon optimization Geometry Pourfath, M., Kosina, H. and Selberherr, S., Selberherr, and H. S., Kosina, M., Pourfath, Pourfath, M., Kosina, H. and Selberherr, S., Selberherr, and H. S., Kosina, M., Pourfath, within their inner spheres. inner For their N@C example, within 3.3 endohedral fullerene derivatives, been synthe has fullerene endohedral dependent transport in nanomaterials and it and paves nanomaterials in dependent transport modelling. modelling. molecular and mented theory by advanced quantum mental strands of research: the synthesis and of synthesis research: the strands mental of the project was to understand the spin-spin the projectof the to understand was tionalised fullerene derivatives, including derivatives, including fullerene tionalised the way for future experiments to control experiments way the these for future ullerenes and single- or multi-walled nanotubes nanotubes or multi-walled single- and ullerenes of Electron Spin States (IMPRESS) States Spin of Electron transistors. transistors. chemistry of endohedral fullerenes, the characteri the fullerenes, of endohedral chemistry Synthesis and chemistry of endohedral endohedral of chemistry and Synthesis have atoms, ions or clusters enclosed additional inside.) By tuning the conditions of the reactions, a a reactions, of conditions the the inside.) Bytuning devices. nanoscale ics and electron scale develop and interactions molecular invaluableknowledge is for spin- This peapods. in spin-active between interactions metallofullerenes and the interaction between spin-active metallof between interaction the and and the arrangement of these molecules in ordered in molecules of these arrangement the and sised. (Endohedral fullerenes are fullerenes that that fullerenes are fullerenes (Endohedral sised. work been comple has Experimental structures. properties electronic and structural sation of their peapods nanotube carbon individual states within stands for a C stands fullerenes Funding Organisations Principal Investigators Foundation Andrew Briggs Austria Switzerland United Kingdom Sciences Research Council Research Sciences The scientific output spans three main experi threemain scientific outputThe spans Intra-Molecular Propagation Intra-Molecular : Austrian Science Fund : Austrian Solid-State Electron. Solid-State : Swiss National Science National : Swiss 60 fullerene with a atomnitrogen with fullerene (Project Leader) : Engineering and Physical and : Engineering

51 , 1565 (2007). 6 , 243 243 , 60 60 ------19 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 20 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) T Th CRP contributed e detailed the work to the of C1CC10427F). Commun. Chem. al. et J. Fan, from 47 adapted aSWNT. in (Image encapsulated derivatives fullerene-organometallic of illustration Schematic with bridge molecules of varying lengths, have been lengths, of varying molecules bridge with Sc@C Characterisation of structural and electronic electronic and structural of Characterisation electronic interaction between the fullerenes. fullerenes. the interaction between electronic protocol been developed has preserves that approxi- determine the spin phase coherence phase spin the ( determine time spin-active metallofullerenes. using devices diffandexperimen- correlated with (XRD) raction matrices. Thmatrices. interac- and exchange dipole–dipole e example An system. the mately 80% in spins of the quantities of La@C quantities orbit coupling and the nuclear spin environment. nuclearorbit spin the and coupling temperature solvent and environment order in to and studies for spin-dependent transport tectures Th SWNTs. the information needed important is is with interactions transfer to attributed charge ture La@C between tions behaviour of of spin-active the met- understanding to switch visible irradiation and ultraviolet used tal electron spin resonance (ESR) data. Th resonance electron spin data. (ESR) tal is was by changing the concentration the of La@C by changing C chain short bonded dimers, C isomers cis the and of both trans the between found that the mechanisms governing relaxation ( relaxation governing mechanisms the that found advancement of solid-state archi- for further any result was the loss of the measurablehyperfi was result struc- ne centrations of 10% and 0.1%, diluted with C centrations with of 10% diluted 0.1%, and complemented spectrum. of ESR the by simulations the tune thus and spacing control interfullerene the is a photo-switchable fullerene dimer and its analo- and dimer aphoto-switchableis fullerene allofullerenes in various types of empty fullerene of fullerene empty types various in allofullerenes N@C and nanotubes (SWNTs)nanotubes con- to with form peapods several species of metallofullerene as a function of afunction as several species of metallofullerene structures of empty fullerenes containing trace containing offullerenes empty structures Th matrix. species fullerene empty of the crystal e one molecule can bridge the By altering synthesised. properties gous nitrogen endohedral species. Thgous nitrogen endohedral eresearchers 2 , 5696 (2011) by Dr Kyriakos Porfyrakis, University of Oxford, UK by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry, http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ Chemistry, of Society Royal the of permission by UK Oxford, of University (2011) Porfyrakis, , 5696 Kyriakos Dr by ) arise from metal-cage vibrational modes, spin- modes, vibrational from metal-cage ) arise Thin studied has been e electron relaxation spin Other types of fullerene dimers such as directly directly as such dimers of fullerene types Other 82 was also inserted into single-walled carbon carbon single-walled into inserted also was 60 -based dimers. 82 82 were measured using X-ray were using measured molecules were controlled were controlled molecules 60 dimers and dimers dimers and dimers 82 82 T 2 and the the and ). It was It). was 60 T e Th . T 60 ₁ - , Th e Th Fullerenes and their functionalised derivatives were functionalised their and Fullerenes Arrangement of molecules in ordered ordered in molecules of Arrangement ers in an excellent position excellent ambitious to achieve the an ers in delivered specifi ofeach methods these informa- c physics, molecular electronics and biomedical appli- biomedical and electronics molecular physics, plates for concepts proving the of nanometre-scale mined with Raman spectroscopy and XRD, where spectroscopy XRD, and Raman with mined diff spectroscopy.Raman and raction defiand level. doping intra-tube ned spacing ese Th make metallofullerenes of interest in areas such as as such of areas interest in metallofullerenes make materials have high potential as functional tem- functional as potential have high materials the mechanisms for controlling the assembly of assembly the for controlling mechanisms the troscopy, whereas XRD gave troscopy, of the dissolution the whereas XRD the oppositethe eff K. observed was ect at 77 C the transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray (HRTEM), microscopy electron transmission high-resolution with chains molecular the terising Thtion. decrease e the of content undamaged of structures functionalised fullerene arrays by varying the size size the by arrays varying fullerene functionalised fullerenes. of fractions spec- Raman content using obtained was fullerenes chain for information transfer and entanglement. and for transfer information chain Thcations. involved scientists e also investigated (DWCNT) nanotube werecarbon transition deter- inserted inside SWNTs and observed at and room SWNTs and inside inserted and geometry of the functional groups charac- and functional of the geometry and lytic reactor to develop iron-basedlytic anew material: low (77 K) temperature Room temperatures. ESR previously reported consequentlylonger and than nanoparticles residing on DWNTs with awell- on DWNTs residing with nanoparticles shows a change in the g the in shows achange computing. quantum spintronics and spin-labelling, group that could be attributed to the alignment of alignment to beattributed the group could that goal of creating and demonstrating an ordered an demonstrating spin ofand creating goal ThSWNTs asa used cata- was e environment of Thresearch- IMPRESS ethe far puts progress so Ththe peapodof kinetics todouble-walled e T 60 2 times are over are orders times two of magnitude molecules inside the nanotube. However, nanotube. the inside molecules -factor of the functional functional the of -factor , ACS Nano ACS Lett. Phys. Appl. A., Champness, N. R., Castell, M. R., Briggs, Briggs, R., M. Castell, R., N. Champness, A., Anderson, D., Jones, G. A. C., Chorley, J., C., S. Jones, D., A. G. Anderson, Ardavan, A., Khlobystov, A. N., Watt, A. A. R., R., A. Watt, N., A. Khlobystov, A. A., Ardavan, Phys. Appl. J. Chem. Phys. Chem. Wabnig, A., Porfyrakis, K., Balmer, C., Dantelle, Dantelle, C., Balmer, Porfyrakis, K., Wabnig, A., D., A. G. Briggs, and K. Porfyrakis, R., A. Watt, A. Weglikowska, U. and Roth, S., Growth and and Growth S., Weglikowska, U. Roth, and Warner, J. H., Ito, Y., Rümmeli, M. H., H., Warner, M. Ito, Y., H., J. Rümmeli, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. Morton, J. J. L., Ardavan, A., Shinohara, H., H., Shinohara, A., Ardavan, L., Morton, J. J. G. A. D. and Khlobystov, A. N., Endohedral Endohedral N., Khlobystov, D. and A. A. G. Crossley, Shaw,G., Q.,Hadjipanayi, M., A. Gardener, Iwasiewicz- J., C., M. Gimenez-Lopez, Capturing the motion the of novel molecular Capturing Dettlaff- D., A. G. Warner, Briggs, C., H., J. of interactions spin intermolecular Controlling C., A. Ferrari, A., Lombardo, C., Casiraghi, C. G., Smith, R., M. Buitelaar, L., Cantone, A. Chamberlain, T. H., Chamberlain, W., R., Peterlik, Pfeiffer, Robertson, J., Zhong, G., Telg, G., Thomsen, Zhong, H., J., Robertson, spin Pauli D., A. G. Briggs, and K. Porfyrakis, Electronic transport characterization of of characterization transport Electronic Kuzmany, H., Peterlik, H. and Briggs, G. A. D., D., A. G. Briggs, and H. Peterlik, Kuzmany, H., H., Okimoto, N., Aono,R., Pfeiffer, Izumi, T., Kuzmany, H., Liu, Z., Suenaga, K. and Kataura, Kataura, and K. Suenaga, Z., Liu, Kuzmany, H., Kuzmany, H., Zerbetto, F., Zerbetto, Melle-Franco,Kuzmany, H., M., walled carbon nanotubes for interconnects. nanotubes carbon walled Ito, Y., Warner, J. H., Brown, R., Zaka, M., M., Ito, Y., Zaka, Warner, Brown, R., H., J. La@C H., Catalytic reaction inside a single-wall carbon carbon asingle-wall reaction inside Catalytic H., Büchner, B., Shinohara, H. and Briggs, G. A. D., G. A. D., Briggs, and H. Shinohara, Büchner, B., L., Cantone, Fransson, A. J., R., M. Buitelaar, Sc@C Shinohara, H., Ardavan, A., Warner, A., Ardavan, J., H., Shinohara, Shiozawa, H., Pichler, T., Grüneis, A., Pfeiffer, R., R., Pfeiffer, Pichler, T., A., H., Shiozawa, Grüneis, C., Jones, D., A. G. Anderson, G., C. Smith, Staddon, L., Champness, N. R., Briggs, G. A. D. A. G. Briggs, R., N. Champness, L., Staddon, dots. dots. metallofullerenes in self-assembled in monolayers. metallofullerenes blockade in carbon nanotube double quantum double nanotube quantum carbon blockade in fullerenes in carbon nanotubes: towards controlled nanotubes: carbon in fullerenes characterization of high-density mats of mats single- of high-density characterization Selected Publications Publications Selected and Khlobystov, A. N., Polyarene-functionalized Polyarene-functionalized N., Khlobystov,and A. nanotubes with ultrahigh temporal resolution. ultrahigh with nanotubes carbon encapsulated within nanomaterials nanotube. nanotube. geometry of molecular chains. chains. of molecular geometry Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. 82 82 single-wall carbon nanotube peapods. peapods. nanotube carbon single-wall Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. matrices. fullerene empty in

3 Adv. Mater. Adv. , 3037 (2009).

12 104 , 1618 (2010). 1618 , 93 , 083717 (2008)., 77 , 163111 (2008). , 245439 (2008). 245439 ,

20 12 , 1443 (2008). , 123 (2010). 123 , Small 4 , 2262 (2008).

– – Williams • David Viret • Michel Falko • Vladimir Coey • Michael Allenspach • Rolf • • Ravelosona • Dafiné • • 075424 (2010). 075424 Lett. Rev. Phys. Gemming, H., Warner, M. Ito, Y., H., J. Rümmeli, The SPINCURRENT project to designed was SPINCURRENT The T., Büchner, B., Shinohara, H. and Briggs, G. A. D., D., G. A. Briggs, and H. T., Shinohara, Büchner, B., view, this effect could be useful for writing data to writing for useful be could effect view, this One-dimensional confined motion of single metal metal motion confined of single One-dimensional Associated Partners wall (a naturally occurring magnetic nanostructure) nanostructure) magnetic occurring (awall naturally L., Rümmeli, M. H., Pichler, T., Ardavan, A., Pichler, T., H., A., M. Ardavan, Rümmeli, L., Zaka, M., Warner, M., Ito, Y., H., J. Zaka, Morton, J. J. Shinohara, H. and Briggs, G. A. D., Exchange Exchange D., A. G. Briggs, and H. Shinohara, Collaborator 3.4 propagation of magnetic domain walls, and their their and walls, propagation domain of magnetic momentum from a polarised current to a domain to adomain current frommomentum apolarised Polarised Currents (SPINCURRENT) Currents Polarised high density non-volatile memories and performing performing and memories non-volatile density high Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. solid-state networks. carbon in metallofullerenes spin-active of interactions interactions with spin-polarised currents. As well well As spin-polarised currents. interactions with hetero magnetic semiconducting and metallic in of angular spin exploit transfer investigate and the as being interesting from a fundamental point of from afundamental interesting being as atoms inside double-walled carbon nanotubes. nanotubes. carbon double-walled inside atoms switching operations in domain wall logic schemes. wall operations domain in switching the and nucleation was focus Themain structures. Principal Investigators Funding Organisations

to gain an understanding of how a domain understanding an to gain to make use of this knowledge to find candidate candidate to find knowledge of this to use make Christopher Marrows Christopher Ireland Switzerland United Kingdom wall is moved is flow by current aspin-polarised wall Sciences Research Council Sciences Council Research materials and sample geometries that would make make sample would geometries and that materials forces; transfer momentum the effect suitable for technological exploitation; suitable for effect technological the ing through it, e.g. it, through ing The main aims of the projectof aims were: The main Domain Walls Domain Spin- and : Enterprise Ireland : Enterprise : Swiss National Science Foundation Science National Swiss : 102 , 195504 (2009). : Engineering and Physical and : Engineering , by spin-transfer torques and (Project Leader) 81 , - - 21 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 22 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) – The project createdlinks collaborativevaluable The researchers in this CRP have made significant have made significant CRP this The in researchers This is a scheme which serves the community as a the isschemecommunity a serves which This MicroMagnetic FrameworkMicroMagnetic (OOMMF) The code. with diverse skills and expertise which are now are which expertise and diverse skills with Journal of Applied Journal Physics the publishedin was groups other two work who also with led –jointly The spin-transfer torque models. terms realistic with be treated can to a work wall show adomain that experi The basedspintronic technologies. wall with expertise spanning the range of fundamen range the spanning expertise with and interdisciplinary, thereforewas intrinsically zurich.ibm.com/st/magnetism/spintevolve.html. producing high-quality scientific output, in the in output, scientific high-quality producing engineering of the shape and profile of the of shape profile the and of notch, engineering ence and electronic engineering. SPINCURRENT SPINCURRENT engineering. electronic ence and provided By combining by a nanowire. a notch in domain wall during its depinning. The teams went The teams its depinning. during wall domain potential a confining in pinned is wall domain model current-induced domain wall motion. The current-inducedmodel wall domain mental and theoretical results produced in this produced this results in theoretical and mental quality factor, well-defined resonances that yielda that factor, resonances well-defined quality on to show how force to control by lithographic this test bed for micromagnetic simulations. The The work test bed simulations. for micromagnetic have groupsthe led by Allenspach Marrows and the code can be downloaded freely at freely http://www. bedownloaded codecan the between world-class experimenters and theorists world-class theorists between and experimenters to applications. linked research closely to that tal brought together academics and industrial scientists scientists industrial and brought academics together been able to quantify the force the experienced by a been able to quantify frequency-selective of mode operation for domain form of publications in high-impact journals and and journals high-impact form of in publications restoring forcerestoring may that bederived notch from the combines condensed sci physics, matter materials have used been incorporated most widely intothe into micromagnetic codes – to the proposal –to codes for the into micromagnetic a implemented approach their to spin-transfer torque and ultrasensitive magnetotransport measurements, measurements, magnetotransport ultrasensitive and way amagnetic the that understanding advances in and how to use this restoring force restoring howto provideand this to use high new code extension allows users of the code to code of users the allows new extension code nanofabrication, state-of-the-art imaging magnetic shape in a physically transparent manner. transparent aphysically shape in so-called “standard problem” “standard micromagnetism. in so-called Object available Oriented freely the tool, simulation able are to complementsimulations experiments good approximation as a quasiparticle acted on by a approximationgood aquasiparticle as

to improve our understanding of howto improveadomain understanding our wall in a nanometre-scale structure scattersspin- ananometre-scale structure in wall polarised carriers passing through it, and assess assess and it, through passing carriers polarised the usefulness of these effects for effects applications. of these usefulness the The field of spintronics is naturally one that one The field of is spintronics naturally With today’sWith power, computing micromagnetic , and and , - - - 96 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 Lett. Rev. Phys. Marchetto, H., Charlton, T. R., Langridge, S., S., T. Charlton, Langridge, H., Marchetto, R., Charlton, T. R., Langridge, S., Potenza, A., A., Potenza, S., T.Charlton, Langridge, R., Coey, J. M. D., Magnetic noise in MgO-based MgO-based noise in Coey, Magnetic D., M. J. Feng, J. F., Diao, Z., Feng, G., Nowak, E. R. and and R. Nowak, E. Feng,G., F.,Feng, J. Diao, Z., et al. Phys. Rev. Lett Phys. al. et S. Lepadatu, From wire. the of length the along direction magnetisation the show images spin-SEM The (bottom). imaging spin-SEM and (top) simulations micromagnetic using determined angle notch of afunction as saturation, from reversal after field magnetic zero at position pinning wall Domain 127203 (2009). Copyright (2009) by the American Physical Society. Physical American the by (2009) Copyright 127203 (2009). Kuzmenko, I. and Falko, V., Falko, and I. Kuzmenko, Canted Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. vanadium. with Lepadatu, S., Hickey, M. C., Potenza, A., A., Potenza, Hickey, C., S., M. Lepadatu, J., C. Kinane, Claydon, S., J. S., Lepadatu, Hence, whilst some workHence, been has independently whilst B. J. and Marrows, C. H., Domain-wall pinning, pinning, Domain-wall H., C. Marrows, and J. B. Dhes, S. S. and Marrows, C. H., Experimental Experimental H., C. Marrows, and S. S. Dhes, Hickey, Keatley, J., P. S., Hicken,R. Dhesi, S. S., D., Magnetic noise in structured hard magnets. hard magnets. structured noise in Magnetic D., Coey, and Feng,G. M. J. R., Nowak, E. Diao, Z., published, nonepublished, of work the isola place taken in has determination of spin-transfer torque torque spin-transfer of determination magnetization texture in ferromagnetic tunnel ferromagnetic tunnel in texture magnetization Appl. Phys. Lett. Phys. Appl. rings. junction tunnel magnetic tion fromtion groups. other frequent exchange of ideas, students and know-how. and frequent students of ideas, exchange current polarization in permalloy wires doped wires permalloy in polarization current conference talks. Regular meetings have meetings led to the Regular conference talks. Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. permalloy. in Selected Publications Publications Selected nonadiabaticity parameter and spin polarization polarization spin and parameter nonadiabaticity spin- and torque, spin-transfer nonadiabatic junctions. junctions. , 052504 (2010). 052504 , Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. , 047202 (2010). 047202 , 78 , 184425 (2008). 184425 , 79 81 , 094402 (2009). 094402 , , 020413 (2010). 020413 , . 102 ,

- Allenspach, R. and Marrows, C. H., Dependence H., C. Marrows, and R. Allenspach, Allenspach, R., Potenza, A., Marchetto, H., H., Marchetto, A., Potenza, R., Allenspach, Vanhaverbeke, A., Bischof, A. and Allenspach, R., R., Vanhaverbeke, Allenspach, and Bischof, A. A., Lett. Rev. Phys. Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. Marrows, C. H., Domain-wall spin-torque Domain-wall H., C. Marrows, Control of domain wall polarity by current pulses, by pulses, current polarity Control wall of domain (2010). (2009). Charlton, T. R., Langridge, S., Dhesi, S. S. and and S. Dhesi, S. S., T.Charlton, Langridge, R., F. Meier, and problem for Proposal astandard G., R., Vanhaverbeke,Fangohr, H., Allenspach, A., Najafi, M., Krüger, B., Bohlens, S., Franchin, M., M., S., Franchin, Bohlens, B., Krüger, M., Najafi, Lepadatu, S., Vanhaverbeke, A., Atkinson, D., D., Vanhaverbeke, S., Atkinson, A., Lepadatu, Lepadatu, S., Wessely, S., O.,Vanhaverbeke,Lepadatu, A., Bending, S. and Marrows, C. H., Spin-transfer H., C. Marrows, and S. Bending, Bolte, M., Merkt, U., Pfannkuche, D., Möller D. P. Möller D., Merkt,U., Pfannkuche, M., Bolte, San Emeterio Alvarez, L., Wang, K. Y., Landi, S., S., Y., Wang, K. Landi, L., Emeterio Alvarez, San Lett. Rev. Phys. wire. multilayer torque assisted domain wall creep aCo/Pt in torque wall domain assisted Lett. Rev. Phys. profile. on pinning current threshold depinning of domain-wall Phys. Appl. J. torque. transfer for micromagnetic simulations including spin- including for simulations micromagnetic resonators for frequency-selective operation. operation. frequency-selective for resonators 81 , 060402 (2010). 060402 , 101 , 107202 (2008). 105 104 , 113914 (2009). 102 , 137205 137205 , , 127203

• Wunderlich • Joerg Gallagher • Bryan Van Haesendonck • Chris Tagliacozzo • Arturo Springholz • Gunther Novák • Vit Dietl • Tomasz Barnaś • Jozef Aliev • Farkhad • • • • • • 7 T. In/PbTe the it shown that was Additionally, One aim of this CRP was to exploit was favourable the CRP of this One aim Associated Partners Sm) junction compounds, e.g compounds, Sm) junction of spin- aspects on fundamental focused SPINTRA 3.5 possible to observe pronounced conductance max properties of superconductor-semiconductor (Sc- designed an experiment to detect the inverse to the detect experiment spin an designed as high as fields magnetic the persisted in ductivity correlations, electronic and transport dependent ments of spin-dependent transport and calculations calculations ments and of spin-dependent transport measurements in three-terminal devices showed devices three-terminal measurements in of electronic transport, noise current-induced and of transport, electronic unseen in other Sc-Sm systems. The devices devices The revealed systems. Sc-Sm other in unseen unique characteristics at the PbTe/In at the characteristics unique interface for nanoelectronics. The team comprised experts comprised The team forexperts nanoelectronics. constants and large effective large and g-factors,constants to construct Spin-polarised transport in hybrid transport Spin-polarised and Electronic Correlations in in Correlations Electronic and and on effects which could lead to could devices which new on effects and ima associated with the Andreev reflection. Andreev the associated with ima (96%), transparent extremely is itinterface making measure nanodevices, magnetic of fabrication in a superconducting transition at supercona superconducting 6 K and transition Nanostructures (SPINTRA) spin filter devices. Low-temperature devices. transport filter spin effects. switching nanostructures Funding Organisations Principal Investigators Onderzoek – Vlaanderen Vlaanderen – Onderzoek Austria (Project Leader) Bulka Bogdan Czech Republic Czech Belgium Italy Poland Spain and Technology and The groups of Wunderlich, Gallagher and Novák groups The Gallagher of Wunderlich, Spin-dependent Transport Spin-dependent : National Research Council Council Research : National : Interministerial Committee on Science Committee : Interministerial : Polish Academy: Polish of Sciences : Austrian Science Fund : Austrian : Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk : Czech Science Foundation Science Czech : ., very high dielectric dielectric high very .,

- - - 23 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 24 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) A new type of spin filter was proposed was of filter on spin based a A new type verts polarisation of light into transverse voltage intotransverse of light polarisation verts GaMnAs in order in to improve and magnetic the GaMnAs InGaAs samples by means of linear response theory. samples of by linear means InGaAs Hall effect (ISHE) of an optically excited spin- an effect optically (ISHE) of Hall polarised current in a two-dimensional electron atwo-dimensional in current polarised ers can be detected by transverse electrical signals signals bedetected electrical by transverse ers can transition the and sources ISHE of the extrinsic plane. used and constructed microdevice was diode p–n directly along the semiconducting channel, both both channel, semiconducting the along directly magnetic elements. The device is a nonmagnetic is a elements.device nonmagnetic The magnetic quantum interference effect in an InGaAs ring in ring InGaAs an in interference effect quantum the epitaxial growth conditions of ferromagnetic growth epitaxial the presencethe spin-orbit of Rashba interaction and spin-polarised or current the employing turbing of injection carri to demonstrate polarised that between these two regimes. Moreover, regimes. two these between a planar and hole gas system with variable Rashba-type variable Rashba-type holewith system and gas ied in Tagliacozzo’sied in group.investigated They clean - dis without area, outside injection and the inside an external magnetic field orthogonal to the ring thering to field orthogonal magnetic external an presence and the to study them of intrinsic allowed spin-photovoltaic polarimeter that directly conspin-photovoltaic directly that polarimeter signals. The spin Hall conductivity was also stud also was conductivity Hall The spin signals. Fermi-level. spin-orbit a tuneable and This coupling The groups led by Novák and Gallagher studied groups studied The led by andNovákGallagher - - - An important achievement important by VanAn Haesendonck’s This can be explained in terms of a model that takes thattakes in terms of a model explained be can This (and temperatures up Curie to 190- K).trans The GeMnTe concentrations Mn from 0.5–100% with By applying a special annealing technique to opti technique annealing aspecial By applying Springholz’s group of epitax developed growth the Correlated electronic transport and current Correlated transport electronic port properties were studied in detail using using detail properties in wereport studied devices magnetic field. magnetic demonstrating measurements, magnetoresistance layers world current the grown GaMnAs mally transport properties of this spintronic material. spintronic material. properties of this transport of nanometre size grains, where orientation the ofof nanometre grains, size to the other.to the Thestate untrained restorationthe of from one randomly grain varies axes anisotropy the hysteresis magnetic loopsthe of Co/CoO bilayers. in effect” the“training identification of the is team record temperature of Curie 187 achieved. K was copy presence at the low in temperatures of and a force by magnetic micros- visualised bedirectly can into account that the CoO antiferromagnet consists consists antiferromagnet CoO the into account that layersial offerromagnetic semiconductor: another anomalous and planar Hall effect and anisotropicand effect Hall planar and anomalous spin-polarised free carriers in the samples. the in freespin-polarised carriers induced magnetic switching in nanoscale nanoscale in switching magnetic induced 12 12 island. a Au(111). on island aCo of American American Physical Society. the by (2009) Copyright (2009). 103 Rev. Lett. Phys. C. VanHaesendonck, and K. triangle. From Schouteden, truncated dotted white/black a as comparison of ease for added been has island Co the of contour topographic The density. high bright: density, tunnelling voltages. indicated the at cobalt the of edges the by surface the above trapped electrons the of , Topography of the Co Co the of , Topography × 12 nm b ‑i , Local density maps maps density , Local 2 STM images images STM , 266805 , 266805 Dark: low low Dark: - - “uncertainty” that is imposed by quantum mechan imposed by is quantum that “uncertainty” Van Haesendonck now clouds has the shown that wave generators, magnetoresistive random access By comparing the data to conductance modelling, to conductance data modelling, the By comparing ecules attached to ferromagnetic leads. The The problem to leads. attached ferromagnetic ecules properties of devices and macroscopic properties properties macroscopic and devices of properties provided microscopic between abridge quantum employing and for suited studying well particularly metal island. The The team’s triangu images revealed island. metal devices and nanostructured metal contacts repre metal nanostructured and devices memory cells. Magnetic switching was shown to was switching Magnetic cells. memory measurements of T-shaped devices. three-terminal of charge and spin correlations in electronic shot electronic correlations spin in and of charge propertransport determine which effects quantum topics of other FoNE projects: SPINCURRENT topics of FoNE other projects: SPINCURRENT ofties mesoscopic devices. triangular confinement. triangular be a more general phenomenon, appears which for applications in spintronic devices such as micro for as such spintronic applications devices in retically can get trapped nanometre-sizedcan above asmall groups Polish the resulted between collaboration it was confirmed experimentally that the that T-shapeexperimentally is it confirmed was fabrication low-temperature the and in transport island. The fuzzy edges of the clouds reflect the the clouds reflect of edges fuzzy The island. on aAu(111)islands Previous work estab surface. states trapped potential above Co image magnetic one major of the walls, of domain dynamics the in in other magnetic systems, e.g. systems, magnetic other in and SpiCo. and ics, implying that the clouds can leak out leak from the can clouds the that implying ics, lar clouds trapped by the edges of a triangular Co Co trapped of atriangular clouds edges by the lar escape from a metal can electron clouds that lished conductance of electrical the that fact the lighted noise was studied experimentally by Aliev and theo and by Aliev experimentally noise studied was surface and move and surface above freely led team by it; the microscopy to confined detect tunnelling scanning valvesspin were effects investigated –important A tool to nanomagnetism. detect sents a powerful Among other successes, the project the high has successes, other Among The most recent achievement of SPINTRA used The most recent achievement SPINTRA of Current-induced switching and dynamics in in dynamics Current-induced and switching by Barnaś and Bulka. Noise , in magnetic mol magnetic , in measurements ------

Phys. Rev. Lett. Rev. Phys. demonstration. experimental An Acbas, G., Kim, M. H., Cukr, M., Novak, V., M., Cukr, H., M. Kim, G., Acbas, 097205 (2007). 097205 Quantum rings with Rashba spin-orbit Rashba coupling: with rings Quantum Phys. Appl. J. Quantum confinement of image-potential hot Quantum Wrobel, J., Zagrajek, P., Czapkiewicz, M., Bek, Bek, Wrobel, P., M., Zagrajek, J., Czapkiewicz, 101 Wegscheider, Holy, Matej, Z., V., M., Lechner, Phys. J. New M., Sztenkiel, D., Fronc, K., Hey, R., Ploog, K. H. K. H. Ploog, Fronc, Hey, D., K., Sztenkiel, R., M., T., J., Dugaev, J., Moodera, V. Barnaś, and K. 81 Rev. Lett. Conductance in Co/Al in Conductance Santos, R., F. Aliev, Villar, Guerrero, G., R., Wróbel, Kapcia, J., A., K. Kolwas, G., Grabecki, Olejník, K., Zemen, J., Výborný, J., Zemen, Ogawa, K., K., Olejník, Novák, J., V., Wunderlich, S., H. M. Owen, (2007). In-PbTeContact superconductivity in junctions. assisted Thermally J., Barnaś, and M. Gmitra, of asymmetry and effect training of the Origin K., Puźniak, R., Jakieła, R., Aleszkiewicz, M., M., Aleszkiewicz, R., Jakieła, R., Puźniak, K., Phys. Rev. B Rev. doped barrier. Phys. asymmetrically with R. T.,R. D’Acapito, Bauer, Rovezzi, M., G., F., Kiecana, M., Sawicki, M. and Dietl, T., Dietl, and Controlled M. Sawicki, M., Kiecana, Lucignano, P., Giuliano, D. and Tagliacozzo, A., Tagliacozzo, P.,D. and A., Lucignano, Giuliano, H. and Jungwirth, T., voltage Low control of Jungwirth, and H. Dietl, T., Springholz, G. and Bauer, and G. T.,G., Dietl, Springholz, Brems, S., Temst, Van S., Brems, and K. Haesendonck, C., Bonanni, A., Navarro-Quezada, A., Li, T., Li, A., Navarro-Quezada, A., Bonanni, S., Irvine, A. C., Ferguson, A. J., Sirringhaus, Sirringhaus, J., A. Ferguson, C., A. Irvine, S., Schouteden, K. and Van and Schouteden, K. Haesendonck, C., Sinova, J. and Cerne, J., Electronic structure of structure Electronic J., Cerne, Sinova, and J. T., O. Jungwirth, D., Dubon, A., M. Scarpulla, ferromagnetism in a semiconductor p-n junction, asemiconductor p-n in ferromagnetism junction, exchange polycrystalline in magnetization the Lett. Rev. Phys. systems. bias current-driven bistable precessional regimes regimes precessional bistable current-driven spectroscopy.by subgap magneto-optical Phys. Phys. Rev. B approach. Rev. integral Phys. a path ferromagnetic semiconductor Ga Lett. Rev. Phys. valves. spin asymmetric in and nonlinear transport of T-shaped transport nonlinear and ballistic linear in effects Quantum R., B. Bulka, and heterostructures. heterostructures. Selected Publications Publications Selected aggregation of magnetic ions in asemiconductor: ions in of magnetic aggregation junction patterned from GaAs/Al junction state electrons. electrons. state , 014404 (2010). 014404 , , 135502 (2008).

103 11 108 , 137201 (2009). 137201 , , 023008 (2009)., Lett. Rev. Phys. , 053714 (2010). 053714 , Phys. Rev. B Rev. Phys. 2 O 3 Al 99 81 103 , 067201 (2007). , 233306 (2010). 233306 , 1-x 2 x O , 266805 (2009). Ga Mn 3 permalloy permalloy 1-x 76 x

As As As probedAs , 045324 99

,

25 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE)

visits. • Short • Training • Summer • Working These are collaborative activities bringing together together arebringing These collaborative activities l l l Networking and dissemination activities are key are activities dissemination and Networking 4. discuss, plan and implement future collaboration collaboration implement and plan future discuss, or, appropriate,domain if domains across different the Collaborative Research Projects within agiven Projects within Collaborative Research the tate scientific collaboration and diffusion across diffusion and collaboration tate scientific can be tailored to the needs of needs to agiven the be tailored programme. can characteristics of a EUROCORES programme of a EUROCORES characteristics Networking activities Networking and programmes. These activities are flexible and are flexible activities These programmes. and and interaction. and leagues from other relevant programmes in order from relevant other in to programmes leagues like FoNE. Their aim is to encourage andisfacili to encourage aim Their FoNE. like scientists from EUROCORES programmes and col and programmes from EUROCORES scientists Dissemination Activities Dissemination and Networking Typical are: examples (graduate-level continuing-education); and demia, the private the governmental sector and demia, or non-governmental organisations); non-governmental symposia, conferences; symposia,

schools group programmes

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• Dissemination • Invited • These are all the activities that are carried out with with are thatout carried the activities all are These view of the main networking and dissemination dissemination and networking ofmain the view For FoNE, the principal networking activity was a a was activity networking principal For the FoNE, pal investigators invited speakersas pal at conferences the EUROCORES programme. They include: They programme. EUROCORES the of results awareness diffusing and of raising aim the tronics. Among the dissemination activities were activities dissemination the Among tronics. brochure presentations publications, princi by the Dissemination activities Dissemination activities of FoNE. activities section providesan pressand This over releases. series of conferences, workshops international and schools that focused on various aspects of nanoelec aspects on various focused that schools Leaflets, posters, publications, books, exhibition exhibition books, posters, publications, Leaflets, EUROCORES programme), while promoting promoting while programme), EUROCORES involved not is programme directly EUROCORES event; ticipation at conferences (organised outside the the outside (organised conferences at ticipation - dis generaland Scheme in EUROCORES the booth or stand at aconference; or stand booth in particular. of the or co-organiser conference the amain in as seminating the achievements the programme of the seminating sessions travel at larger grants, conferences to support (when active the par - - - -

27 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 28 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) • Adiabatic • Theory • The • Electronic • This summer school thestate-of-the-art reviewedsummer This

Lectures in theoretical methods were methods complemented theoretical in Lectures postdoctoral researchers with the recent researchers the postdoctoral progress with in mer school and students weremer students school and encouraged to present of Physics prize. their own work own their at poster sessions (preceded by brief areas: following the by reviews of advanced experiments and research by and of reviews advanced experiments course was designed to acquaint postgraduate and and postgraduate to acquaint designed was course introductory talks) and to compete for an Institute to compete and talks) Institute for an introductory quantum on, of, experiments and theory the in nano-systems and nano-structured materials. The The materials. nano-structured and nano-systems seminars. 29 researchers sum the participated in seminars. Transport and Dynamics in Nanostructures Windsor, United Kingdom, 6-18 Kingdom, Windsor, 2007 United August Windsor Summer School: Quantum exciton dynamics and optical properties of quan optical and exciton dynamics tum condensates of finite dimensions. condensates of finite tum microcavities; in dots tum carbon and wires quantum in liquid to Luttinger tures; recent progress in the quantum Hall effect and effect Hall recent quantum progress the in coherence and de-coherence in qubits, coherent qubits, in de-coherence coherence and renormalisation group methods in application application in methods group renormalisation new two-dimensional material, graphene, and the the and graphene, material, two-dimensional new nanotubes, and the theory of the Kondo of the effect; theory the and nanotubes, spin-Hall effect in novel effect semiconductorspin-Hall struc http://www.lancs.ac.uk/users/esqn/windsor07/ bosonisation

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• Spin • Magnetic • Vandœuvre), Teruo Ono (Kyoto University), Dafiné Metropolitan University).Metropolitan workshop The was The workshopThe to cover aimed state-of-the-art This cross-disciplinary workshop on quantum cross-disciplinary This very informal, offering space fordebate, scientific offering informal, very (University of Sheffield) Gen and Tatara (Tokyo CRPs, SpiCo, SPINCURRENT and SPINTRA. SPINTRA. and SpiCo, SPINCURRENT CRPs, Giancarlo Faini (Marcoussis), Faini Giancarlo Yves (LPMSM, Henry (NEC-Columbia), Gerrit Bauer (TU Delft),(NEC-Columbia), Bauer Gerrit (TU

Ravelosona Skolnick Maurice (CNRS-Orsay), Efficient spintronic devices should achieve Efficientcontrol devices should spintronic exchange and diffusion of know-how. of diffusion and exchange in invited experts the Among ers CRPs. from the problems regarding the fabrication of spintronic spintronic of fabrication the regarding problems devices, the interpretation the physics of the devices, involved measurements could provide this information. information. providemeasurements could this of 28 lectures from invited speakersof research lectures 28 and or of vorticesby means walls domain of magnetic involved mechanisms dissipation of noise the and transport, magnetic nanodevices and spintronics and nanodevices magnetic transport, the field of nanoelectronics were Boris Altshuler Altshuler Boris were nanoelectronics of field the The workshop field. byconsisted amagnetic than better electrons, by the carried current spin the knowledge requires a diffuse tion of spin; this the brought 68 together researchers FoNE from three control with external sources. In particular, the very very the particular, In sources. control external with high possibility of coherent manipula possibility quantum high in quantum electron transport of these systems and and systems of these electron transport quantum in addressed: More specifically, the following topics were following the More specifically, valves, spin torque, spin filtering, superconductor/ filtering, spin torque, spin valves, Naples, Italy, 10-13Naples, 2007 December Workshop: QuantumTransport, ferromagnet proximity; ferromagnet induced magnetic switching and dynamics in spin spin in dynamics and switching magnetic induced als, hybrid systems hetero-nano-structures, band band hybrid hetero-nano-structures, systems als, netoconductance, anomalous Hall effect; Hall netoconductance, anomalous structure and carriers, spin-orbit carriers, mag interaction, and structure Magnetic Nanodevicesand Spintronics Magnetic http://fone-cuma07.na.infm.it/

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• Quantum • This one-week Capri spring school on transport in in one-week This transport school on Capri spring

while the school was primarily aimed at instruct aimed primarily school was the while dimensional electronic devices. The number The of par number devices. electronic dimensional techniques and methods state-of-the-art to dents one- and two-dimensional materials. The speakers materials. one- two-dimensional and become more more and relevant will totures the of state-of-the-art nanostruc devices, electronic ticipants in the spring school was limited to 35 limited schooland was spring the in ticipants ticipants belongedticipants FoNE to the the and programme phenomena low in non-equilibrium to describe used the subject of the school were also welcome. subject school ofwerethe the par 20 also by leading experts supplemented experts by afewby shorter leading focus on graphene and electronic correlations in in correlations electronic and graphene on focus cal interest. With the decrease of the feature size decrease size the offeature the interest. With cal ing PhD students and young postdocs, more postdocs, senior young and students PhD ing nanostructures are of are considerable technologi nanostructures provided several five-hour nanostructures lectures sciences in this promising area of research. promising this sciences in physical European seen toschool was strengthen themselveswith who wanted toscientists acquaint school The semiconductorhad a special industry. Electronic nanostructures. in on transport seminars gave graduate-level stu presentations, introducing Spring School: 4 Italy, March 30 Naples, on Transport on Nanostructures resonant tunnelling. in dots, wires and rings. Charge sensing, Kondo sensing, Charge rings. and wires dots, in geometries, spin relaxation and spin manipulation manipulation spin and relaxation spin geometries, http://tfp1.physik.uni-freiburg.de/Capri08/ (spin dependent) th Capri Spring School - 2008 5 April transport in confined ------

• • The 1st The FoNE projects SpiCo, SPINCURRENT and The FoNE projects SpiCo,SPINCURRENT Warner (University of Oxford). Joerg Appenzeller (Purdue University)Joerg Appenzeller Jamie Dr and Guido MeierGuido (University of Professor Hamburg),

It was an opportunity for the scientists to network, forscientists the opportunity It an was Haug (UniversityHaug of Hannover), Professor Jonathan Bird (State University of New York), Professor SPINTRA recognised that added value to their to value their added that recognised SPINTRA electronics in the broadest sense. This included both includedboth broadest This the sense. in electronics participated in the workshop with interests spanning workshop interests spanning the in with participated exchange results and develop and new collaborations. results exchange days to discuss and present and nano in research results todays discuss of spintronic devices, the interpretation the phys ofof the spintronic- devices, tunity to put activities in FoNE in the context of the FoNE in in to put activities tunity the investigation of the unique properties of matter unique of investigation the the took and programme place the mid-way through the invited speakers in the field field were the invited speakersthe Professor in Rolf realise terascale integrated systems. integrated terascale realise chemists and electrical engineers together for three together for three engineers electrical and chemists held in Palermo in December 2008. in Palermo held 33 in researchers ics involved in quantum electron transport of these of these electron transport ics involved quantum in addressed, so that the conference the so that oppor an was addressed, ing scientists in the field, presentations field, the by in scientists FoNE ing Among nanoelectronics. on research international at the nanoscale, and the quest for a technology to quest for the atechnology and nanoscale, at the It gathered 56 physicists,attracted participants. action could come from a joint meeting; this was was this come could fromaction ajoint meeting; systems and control with external sources. external control and systems with scientists covering the latest results and aposter and covering latest results scientists the session with contributions researchers.session from junior with fabrication the regarding problems state-of-the-art 1 Palermo, Italy,Palermo, 14-17 Workshop SPINTRA and SPINCURRENT SpiCo, Taormina, Italy, 29June http://www.esf.org/fone http://www.esf.org/fone st All topics relevant to FoNE projectsAll were The The workshopfromincluded key-notelead talks FoNE Conference on Nanoelectronics 2008

FoNE conference, Nanoelectronics 2008, 2008, Nanoelectronics conference, FoNE

2008 December - 2008 3 July - - - 29 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 30 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) • Akin to the previously successful SPINTECH con SPINTECH previously to successful the Akin

effects in semiconductors and advances in theindevel semiconductors andin advances effects physical phenomena related to spin-dependent ductor spintronic systems. opment of new semiconductor spintronic materials, took place during the first half of the weekof to orient half first the took place during fabrication, measurement and theory of semicon fabrication, measurement theory and fundamental 5 highlighted ferences, SPINTECH information hardware concepts.information and school The a conference aimed at stimulating progress in the progress the in a conference at stimulating aimed students in this emerging field, and followedwas by field, emerging this in students included quantum This devices. and structures Technology (SPINTECH) Krakow, 7-11 Poland, 2009 July International School and Conference: Spintronics andSpintronics QuantumInformation http://info.ifpan.edu.pl/spintech5/ - - - • Discussion • Dissemination • The 2 This meant that the final ESF-FoNE final conferencethe that meant pro This conferencethis in The groups research participating Madrid were two-fold: were Madrid vided a forum for further cross-fertilisation between between cross-fertilisation for further aforum vided Christopher Marrows (SPINCURRENT mem Christopher Marrows (SPINCURRENT member), by Professor co-organised and (SPINTRA by(Madrid) Professor organised was Farkhad Aliev

end of the FoNE EUROCORES programme. end FoNE of the EUROCORES discussed means of continuing activity beyond the activity of continuing means discussed damentals of nanoelectronics and the exploration the and of nanoelectronics damentals member).- It platform for formedexcellent dis an of emerging themes. Additionally, the organising organising the Additionally, themes. of emerging the fields of spintronics and nanoelectronics, and and of nanoelectronics, spintronics fields the ber) and Professor Merlyne de Souza (DEWINT ber) Professor and (DEWINT Merlyne Souza de committee invited several experts from industry to from industry invited several experts committee physics, mag of nanoscale fields fromcame distinct leading European research groups working in fun research groups in European working leading netism, superconductivity and molecular electronics. electronics. molecular and superconductivity netism, semination of some latest ofdevelopmentssemination the in The main goals of the final conference thein FoNE of goals The main 20-30 minute talks summarising project outcomes, summarising 20-30 talks minute FoNE, FoNE, Madrid, Spain, 9-13 Spain, 2009 Madrid, September FoNE Final Conference final reporting. In addition to local project to local meet In addition reporting. final five main collaborative fiveprojectsformedwhich main In this aspect, the final FoNE conference final the simi was aspect, this In ahalf- organised each DEWINT, and IMPRESS www.uam.es/otros/foneconf/ project leaders from all researchproject groups were leaders from all day scientific session. In these, in addition to in addition these, In session. scientific day organised to discuss plans for further research for further plans to discuss organised the projects)the gave overviews. more expert extended collaboration. ings, joint meetings of principal investigators/ principal of meetings joint ings, speakers (aboutinvited external one for of each activities beyond endactivities the of projects the (ii) and lar to the first onein first toheld the 2008. in lar Italy, Taormina, nd and final Miraflores conferenceFoNE in final and i.e. , SPINTRA, SPINCURRENT, SpiCo, SPINCURRENT, , SPINTRA, of (i) of the results continuation and activities. of network All ------

Michel Viret (CEA-Saclay) Viret Michel who gave into insight Tsoi (University of Texas Professor and at Austin) Other invited speakers included Professor Maxim invited speakers Professor included Other Maxim Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart), who highlighted Robert Stamps (University Stamps Robert of Western Australia) Professor Klaus Kern (Max-Planck Institut für (Max-Planck Kern für Professor Klaus Institut Professor Vitali Metlushko (University of Illinois (University Metlushko Professor of Illinois Vitali was an additional strong point, reiterating strongEurope’s point, additional an was Semiconductors were highlighted within the pro the within Semiconductors were highlighted encouraging to note the confidence demonstrated demonstrated confidence the note to encouraging FoNE collaborativeentations posters and from all of nanoelectronics, already stimulating follow-up stimulating already of nanoelectronics, the final conferenceFoNE in theorderincrease final the to tems. The requirements of mainstream technology technology The tems. requirements of mainstream of issue isolationthe of graphene SiC. epitaxied in tion of metal-molecular contacts, in particular particular in contacts, oftion metal-molecular by the young scientists. young by the from the International Technology International from the of Roadmap ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupled- sys research projects. The young investigatorresearch projects. session The young collaborations and projects with new ideas. projects and collaborations with conference 40 pres more oral included - which than commercial exploitation of FoNE results. have had a significant impact on the fundamentals fundamentals theimpact on have had asignificant and ultra-thin domain walls respectively. Professor walls domain ultra-thin and spintronics torque, transfer spin antiferromagnetic practical and nanostructures magnetic ated with at Chicago) associ gave on technology direction and consolidation for the future; it was particularly it particularly was for future; consolidation the and number one position in physics in terms of training onenumber physics position of terms training in in jects (forjects DEWINT). example, solutions on design issues for a magnetic memory. forsolutions issues a magnetic on design state-of-the-art developments investiga STM in gave apresentation in anisotropy on exchange Altogether 55Altogether researchers the in participated To collaborative the FoNE activities summarise, by session inaugurated was plenary The - - - 31 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE)

l l l • http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/nanocarbon/ • http://royalsociety.org/Wonder-in-carbon-land- > download. to available have they and produced several worksheets are that nanocages, and of nanotubes carbon technology advanced the atevent the helped explain team the models 2008 at the event.science Structural exhibits how you do land: carbon one hold of amolecule, 23 Wonder organised University in the of Nottingham researchers University the of from Oxford both and work.questions them ask about and scientists their forto public interact with the opportunity unique therefore and science provides technology and a of of researchers teams and lic atcutting-edge the together members It brings of pub the media. the and policymakers teachers, scientists, students, as open is to membersand well as general public of the publicevent of year Society’s main the the is Society of The Royal ScienceExhibition Summer annual The (London, June 30 howland: you do amolecule” hold “Wonder 2008 Exhibition in carbon 5.1 5. 5. Outreach Activities Activities Outreach freestuff.html how-do-you-hold-a-molecule/

More information at: More information Professor Andrew Briggs (IMPRESS) along with with along (IMPRESS) Briggs Professor Andrew Royal Society Summer Science Science Royal Summer Society – 3 July 2008) - • Professor • Professor • Professor onlineand newspapers/journals 5.2 Chemistry. of Society Royal the of permission by Reproduced http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b507451g. (2006), From 2007, 13. page appeared on 8 December 2007, Italy. Pozzuoli, article The Spintronics’, and Nanodevices 9-13Magnetic FoNE Workshop Transport, Quantum ‘Cuma: Mattino Il onnewspaper, spintronics national to the interview 12-13 Wyspiarz newspaper, on spintronics to alocal interview ics to newspaper, aWyborcza national Gazeta spintron to contribution his on interview Chem. Soc. Rev. 35 Soc. Chem. N. A. Khlobystov, D. Aand Britz, Interviews in printed printed in Interviews th April 2008, written by Adam Kompowski. by Adam 2008, April written Arturo , number 45 (327), 6-12 , on the occasion of the EUROCORES occasion EUROCORES of, on the the Bogdan Jozef th December 2007, 50. page Tagliacozzo Barnaś Bułka (SPINTRA) (SPINTRA) (SPINTRA) th November gave gave , 637 , 637 gave an an an th th - ,

33 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 34 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) • Raul http://www.fys.es/fys/cm_view_tnoticia.asp?id= http://www.navarrainnova.com/es/acercate/actu http://www.universia.es/html_estatico/portada/ http://www.madrimasd.org/informacionidi/noti • Scientific • Joint • Warner, • • Bilayer • Professor http://www.diamond.ac.uk/Home/Beamlines/ www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=11356.php www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=11356.php http://spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/ http://nanotechweb.org/cws/article/tech/39595 http://www.uam.es/ss/Satellite/es/12348863444 I06/casestudies/magnetism.html. I06/casestudies/magnetic_devices.html http://www.diamond.ac.uk/Home/Beamlines/ synchrotron (SPINCURRENT) synchrotron (SPINCURRENT). websites. news technology on online syndicated beating_the_back-up_blues ( blues’ (2009). 1557 Nano ACS nanotubes. carbon of single-walled diameter-dependent the stability D. Investigating A. G. Briggs, and J. Robertson, Büchner, B., H., M. online: and Savage, 200926 June (IMPRESS). 25Nanowerk June 2009. Spotlight (DEWINT). materials/graphene-makes-transistors-tunable) superconductores’, Científica Unidad Cultura de (SPINTRA). 2005495 alidad/2009/04/20/15347.php jjiai.html actualidad/noticia_actualidad/param/noticia/ cias/noticia.asp?id=39003&tipo=g Autónoma Madrid. de la de Científica Universidad Unidad Cultura de magnético’, campo detectores de de ultrasensibles 1242648658587.htm (SPINTRA). 1242648658587.htm 85/1242648658587/notcientifica/notCientific/ Universidad la de Autónoma Madrid. de Graphene by Neil tunable, transistors makes (DEWINT). Leeds/IBM Villar, http://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/59/ IEEE Spectrum Graphene J.

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l l l tive and, therefore, efficient and simple therefore, and to use. tive efficient and, informa fast, contactless, are which arrays these microwave and of optical of characterisation givenattention was to novel photonic methods special particular, physics. In nonlinear and ture condensed matter, in needs low temperafuture frontiers and at identifying aimed Programme ing Network Research AQDJJ interdisciplinary an was Junctions (AQDJJ) 6.1.1 • Creation • Publication • Grants • Science involve: can They issues. andinfrastructure major research scientific research groups funded to address for nationally to of five four the lay activities to foundations years comprise ESF, of the which networking instrument another are Programmes Networking Research Programmes 6.1 them. between to promote links of order FoNE those and in activities these between possible, Where disseminated ics. is information field of the condensed matter phys –in - ongoing –either recently completed ESF at the or currently of fiveactivities section providesThis summary a 6. 6. Related ESF Activities Activities Related ESF visits; schools); at the European level. level. European at the Research Networking Networking Research Arrays of Quantum Dots and Josephson for

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35 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 36 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) • To • To • To • To systems. coherent of quantum superconducting erties the andphysical propstates confined quantised relations between fundamental the at identifying aimed Programme Networking a Research is NES (NES) in Superconductivity 6.1.3 > 2010. October for ran fivefrom gramme October2005 years to Pro Research Networking INSTANS ESF The • To • To physics. andstatistical theory field quantum condensed matter, in needs frontiers future and at identifying aimed Programme Networking Research interdisciplinary an was INSTANS Dimensional Systems (INSTANS) Theory Approaches to Nanophysics and Low- 6.1.2 • To perature and the gap in mass selected clusters mass gap in the and perature dependencetem of superconducting critical the nanosystems; superconducting in interfaces superconductor/magnet and conductor/normal the hybridsuper using by confinementpotential, geometry; theand scale the confinementon length effects huge arrays; and clusters their nanoplaquettes, form the of individual in introducedartificially confinement ous patterns superconductors vari by using nanoscale at the systems. sional physicsmodern of nanoscopic low-dimen and questions encountered the in fundamental the theory; field area of statistical the within excitations; charged separation or fractionally as spin-charge such to non-perturbative effects, give riseinteractions,which andstrong effects by aredominated quantum systems These cold atoms. devices featuring specific as well as devices, effect Hall quantum and dots quantum ity at the nanoscale by determining the size the by determining nanoscale at the ity bative theoretical methods recently developedbative methods theoretical

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• To phenomena. correlation and transport tum coherent processing, information quan quantum needs in frontiers future and at identifying aimed Programme Networking QSpiCE aResearch is (QSpiCE) 6.1.4 > for fivefrom run Mayyears 2007 to May2012. will Programme Research Networking NES ESF The • To > for fivefrom 2009 years run 2014.June to June will Programme QSpiCEESF Research Networking The • To • To quantum dots and graphene and dots nanoribbons; quantum nanotubes, carbon nanowires, semiconducting as such structures nanoscale in transport and conductors. super in arrays pinning periodic other and dipoles geometries; restricted different in ity superfluid by studying also and nanograins and field field of condensedmodern matter physics. andpopular important this in influence their increasethus and field groups the European in objects; nanoscale in spin decoherence and to relaxation of leading nisms mecha various the harnessing and at analysing and electron orthe nanostructures hole in spin

More information at: More information More information at: More information QSpiCE aims: QSpiCE Quantum Spin Coherence and Electronics investigate investigate improve strengthen the quantum the networking manipulation flux www.esf.org/nes. www.esf.org/qspice. confinement spin-dependent between and the by the control magnetic leading effects of - - - -

> from years June2010 for three to run June2013. will programme ThEUROCORES EuroGRAPHENE e activities. the networking phene its applications and by and concentrating accelerate gra- pace research of the in European to so it aims research doing groups.European In of world-leading consortia medium-size and small within theorists and experimentalists technologists, of complementary expertise the together bringing applications. for functional devices any based effgraphene- optoelectronic modelling and ects; at understanding processes graphene in aiming kinetic studying broadly properties, mechanical electro- and its mechanical properties; investigating its electronic to design for methods searching and material the modifying into of new areas chemically research physical properties of graphene; expanding of the understanding current lenges of deepening European-wide cooperation chal- the to tackle need there aclear is for that recognises which a three-year is programme, EuroGRAPHENE EuroGRAPHENE 6.2

More information at: More information EuroGRAPHENE provides the framework for for framework the provides EuroGRAPHENE EUROCORES Programme: Programme: EUROCORES www.esf.org/eurographene ISOF, Bologna, Italy). ISOF, Bologna, V. of Palermo, (Courtesy lattice crystal honeycomb a in packed densely atoms carbon of layer single a of consists graphene of structure physical The EuroGRAPHENE in Science and Innovation Research Graphene of Impact the Maximising EUROCORES Programme 37 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE)

Annex 39 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 40 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) • Creation • Theoretical • Realisation • Demonstration • Realisation include: applications, future for potential Notable with examples, CRPs. from the highlights There were internationally-competitive several scientific achievements Specific 1. projects. some within addressed indirectly were they resources, not could explicitly, be included due to limited tivity photonicsprojects superconduc and on nanoscale major Although nanoelectronics. of fundamental areathe within covered activities most scientific sharing. information and collaboration role facilitating in important played activities an networking ESF program. of duration the the spanning journals quality objectives. Major appeared publications high in proposed originally of many the years achieving dimension. European achievements,the augmented added scientific by producingworld-class been asuccess in has gramme of (FoNE)Nanoelectronics The Fundamentals pro Strasbourg, 11 May 2010 FoNE Review Report Panel Consensus • World • Creation urement of light polarisation. urement of light meas provides electrical that polarimeter a direct romagnetic semiconductor. nanoribbon. graphene a using transistor system. multiferroic of gate a ferroelectric – anew kind with netism physics. pinning netic domain-wall mag current-threshold on based torque resonator properties. spin of measurement sulated in carbon nanotubes (peapods) nanotubes carbon in andsulated graphene on silicon carbide. silicon on graphene There was good progress throughout the threeThere the good throughoutwas progress The five Collaborative Research The fiveResearch Projects Collaborative (CRPs) record of of demonstration a of of a quantum Curie non-magnetic non-volatile spin of a temperature chains frequency-dependent resistance of on control

a spin-photovoltaic channel fullerenes, (188 standard of K)

ferromag field for encap

effect using a spin fer ------

various workshops, schools, and conferences workshops, and various schools, organ (SPINTRA). collaborations networking actively most the within to multiplebi-partite exchanges (DEWINT) conferences FoNE the at attendance (only) from essentially preparation and varying tia, fiveby consistent the no means consor throughout expertise. complementary of resources and sharing exchanges, sible through awhole as collaboration had been pos- made the achievements of The main of research activities. to avoid momentum and duplicationto maintain vital of is research results broadand dissemination Effectivedeveloping field networking of research. abroad is Nanoelectronics worldwide and rapidly dissemination and 2. • The • The • The • The • The • The • The framework the FoNE of the programme:ised in “Quantum Transport, Magnetic Nanodevices, FoNE programme. programme. FoNE of impact the and importance the confirmed (DEWINT) Souza de M. and (SPINCURRENT) (SpiCo).D. Loss 2009)Cracow (July by and T. (SPINTRA) Dietl in Technology” organised V) (SPINTECH Information on Quantum Spintronics and (SpinCurrent). Marrows C. and Tagliacozzo (SPINTRA) by A. (March-April 2008) Nanostructures” organised 2007, 2010) August by V. organised (SpiCo). Falko 2007). (January and SPINCURRENT. SpiCo, by SPINTRA, jointly Spintronics” run and programme. FoNE EUROCORES the in participating CRP’s 2008) Taormina, in 5 by Sicily, the organised (SPINTRA) and co-organised by C. Marrows by C. co-organised and (SPINTRA) Sierra (September 2009) by F. organised Aliev Networking, training training Networking, Examples of the networking activities are the the are activities networking of the Examples Networking

4 1st

“Fifth SPINTRA final Pozzuoli th Capri FoNE conference “Nanoelectronics” (July FoNE conference (July “Nanoelectronics” and 5 and FoNe International

Spring th

Windsor Summer Schools (August (August Schools Summer Windsor has generally been good, though though been good, generally has workshop workshop conference

School school

(December organised

at on Miraflores

and “Transport Conference in 2007) Poznan de

on in la - -

lent, contributing much to their scientific success. success. scientific much to their lent, contributing level excel the ofwas collaboration SPINTRA, and SpiCo SPINCURRENT, CRP. each In within tion level the of collabora in variation awide there was However, examination. under areas various the positively very impacted FoNE which programme tronic devices. orderin for to lay foundations new nanoelec the research experimental and theoretical combining projects, the within partners ration the between research portfolio. European contributionthe to asignificant capable of making is FoNE, as such programme afocused respect, this innovative many In ideas. positive,very initiating level, was relatively of the view funding modest in the impact domains, research The various on project the among partners. lated much activity stimu has FoNE programme The EUROCORES Enhanced interaction between research teams programme’s potential 3. new ideas. projects and collaborations with follow-up stimulating already nanoelectronics, of fundamentals theimpact on have had a significant taxpayers. support of the European maintain and toare gain bewelcome would we outreachof if activities these More of number downloads. the considering public have general achord the podcasts struck with clearly Twotions. notable and examples of lectures video demonstra public and newspaper articles through mation presented was to a more general audience infor quantum and nanoelectronics of excitement There were case. the a few examples where the not was of always science, but this understanding possible much audiencefor public as as the awider posters. and ence presentations, invited talks impressive an of number confer giving also whilst journals, impact high Researchers targeted ented. ori fundamental very from projects aremainly that be expected might variable as good although very outside and FoNE. within both been organised, conferencesattend the workshops and have which groups to other visit to and opportunities from the substantially early-stage researchersand benefitting Realisation of the FoNE of the Realisation In general, all participants made good use of the of good the made use participants all general, In activation of the collabo was Most important To collaborative FoNE the activities summarise, includeThe should recipients dissemination of Dissemination Training was generally excellent, with students students with excellent, generally was of research results was generally generally of was research results ------in this area in this in potential initiatives future programme’s experiences EUROCORES of the use optimal 4. out Europe. through of research activities for stimulation the collaborations. tional new projects. triggered and ideas results, of dissemination the stimulated laboratories. It also research different between methods theoretical and of experimental transfer the enabling researchers, b) Benefit ofthe programme programme the of Aims a) Specific • The • The General national and EU programmes as well as interna as well as EU programmes and national for proposals new stimulated This programmes. reputation and of EUROCORES dynamics the developmentther of innovative enhancing ideas for fur ground the researchers a fertile creating enhance their resources. This created resources. This conditions their enhance to pooland expertise, own their with each ties, postdoctoral and students PhD to recruit tunity • • • (Taormina 2008).ence members were invited to one only FoNE confer Panel phase programme. of the networking the ing dur activities in additional also but reports, final and midterm proposals, evaluating in not only possibility. opens programmes this EUROCORES EU. ofmember in the countries Participation be encouraged to integrate researchers from new strong research Europe, groups throughout should order to develop scientific research uniformly orderuniformly to develop scientific research Suggestions to achieve Suggestions    The programme enabled differentenabled The programme communi European FoNE brought leading together FoNEThe provided programme oppor the It Both More been made. thescene whatof sets progressCRP. This has audience/reader the remind of their aims of the programme. the of those goals within research performed fitted objectives of CRP the main to the project leaders should provide a summary to project leadersprovide should a summary conferences, programme the EUROCORES would role programme

emphasis in of be

Panel reports interesting Members could should

and be to

be particularly

better could report given be

advertised. in in more

e.g. more the how the the how

at report active, detail

the In ------

41 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) 42 Fundamentals of NanoElectronics (FoNE) d) Collaborations c) Scientific output •  • •  • •    More The It tions. All CRPs should clearly report on clearly the should CRPs All tions. of collabora quantity and quality the reports first 6 months. first the beheld within should CRPs all with meeting were at one least group. other collaborative with conferences it of help would these to which know On presentations consortium. at the ners within part different papers at include two least which programme. FoNE the papers to restricted those is acknowledging related list iii) the programme; to the directly to restricted papers is ii) list the consortium; the in ofnumber papers partners publishedby the total the contains i) report if: the list in the tions beprovidedwould ESF. by the The template etc. new steps, opportunities, next problems, progress highlights, summarising manager, programme to the 6months, say every audience. massive European potentially a of science with understanding for public the important increasingly is becoming come. This demonstrations/podcasts/youtube bewel would career researcher. of the future the for and collaborations), (projects, initiatives new of thestart forhow beneficial is programme the In It should is order

PIs generally encouragement should to be initiate made

difficult send clear effective short of use from to research of evaluate interactions, the the list web summaries, of from lectures/ publica a first the - - - -

organised. arewho professional, staff, receptive andwell very ESF the by managed effectively is programme the that like point to out would panel The evaluation Final remark

European Science Foundation 1 quai Lezay-Marnésia • BP 90015 67080 Strasbourg cedex • France Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 37 05 32 www.esf.org

ISBN: 978-2-918428-44-2 June 2011 – Print run: 500