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The Caucasus Globalization Volume 2 Issue 1 2008 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 2 Issue 1 2008 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 2 Issue 1 2008 OUNDEDTHE CAUCASUS AND& GLOBALIZATION PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kanan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAKHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 499 11 74 E-mail: [email protected] (IMANOV) Archil Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) GEGESHIDZE Tel: (99 – 593) 31 77 29 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 2 IssueMembers 1 2008 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza Doctor of History, professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy ALEKSIDZE of Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa Professor, Ankara University (Turkey) AYDIN Irina D.Sc. (History), Leading research associate of the Institute of Ethnology and BABICH Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Douglas Professor, Chair of Political Science Department, Providence College (U.S.A.) W. BLUM Svante Professor, Research Director, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Silk Road Studies E. CORNELL Program, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS (U.S.A.) Parvin D.Sc. (History), Professor, Baku State University (Azerbaijan) DARABADI Murad D.Sc. (Political Science), Editor-in-Chief, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of ESENOV Social and Political Studies (Sweden) Jannatkhan Deputy Director of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus, Executive Secretary EYVAZOV of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of Social and Political Studies (Azerbaijan) Erkin Senior research fellow of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus, Member GADIRLI of the International Caucasus-Caspian Commission (Azerbaijan) Rauf Ph.D., Leading research associate of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the GARAGOZOV Caucasus (Azerbaijan) Elmir Director of the Department of Geoculture of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the GULIYEV Caucasus (Azerbaijan) Stephen Professor, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Mount Holyoke College (U.S.A.) F. JONES Akira Ph.D., History of Central Asia & the Caucasus, Program Officer, The Sasakawa MATSUNAGA Peace Foundation (Japan) Roger Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University MCDERMOTT of Kent at Canterbury; Senior Research Fellow on Eurasian military affairs within the framework of the Eurasia Program of the Jamestown Foundation, Washington (U.K.) Roin Doctor of History, professor, academician of the Georgian National Academy of METREVELI Sciences, President of the National Committee of Georgian Historians, member of the Presidium of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Georgia) Fuad Ph.D. (Econ.), Counselor of the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the MURSHUDLI International Bank of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan) Vladimer Professor, Senior Fellow of the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International PAPAVA Studies (Georgia) Alexander Professor, President of Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies RONDELI (Georgia) Mehdi Professor, Tehran University, Director, Center for Russian Studies (Iran) SANAIE S. Frederick Professor, Chairman, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS STARR (U.S.A.) James Professor, Director of the International and Regional Studies Program, Washington V. WERTSCH University in St. Louis (U.S.A.) Alla Doctor of History, professor, head of the Mediterranean-Black Sea Center, Institute of YAZKOVA Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Stanislav D.Sc. (Economy), Senior researcher, Institute of World Economy and International ZHUKOV Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion Editorial Office: THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION © The Caucasus & Globalization, 2008 98 Alovsat Guliyev, AZ1009 © CA&CC Press®, 2008 Baku, Azerbaijan © Institute of Strategic Studies of WEB: www.ca-c.org the Caucasus, 2008 4 Volume 2 Issue 1 2008 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 2 Issue 1 2008 CONTENTS GEOPOLITICS IRANIAN AZERBAIJAN: THE EPICENTER OF A COLD WAR Jamil GASANLY 6 MAIN FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EUROPEAN UNION’S POLICY Richard TOWARD THE BLACK SEA REGION ROUSSEAU 20 THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS: SITUATION ANALYSIS AND POSSIBLE WAYS TO OVERCOME THE CRISES AND CONFLICTS Alla YAZKOVA 32 THE MAIN DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN AND ISRAEL Rashad GUSEINOV 41 AZERBAIJAN-GERMANY: Sudaba COOPERATION VECTORS ZEINALOVA 48 GEO-ECONOMICS RUSSIAN BANK EXPANSION IN CIS COUNTRIES AND CIS BANK PARTICIPATION Zakhid IN THE RUSSIAN MARKET MAMEDOV 61 THE FORMATION OF AN EFFICIENT INTERNAL ENERGY MARKET UNDER GLOBALIZATION CONDITIONS (AZERBAIJANI CASE STUDY) Vagif NASIBOV 73 Volume 2 Issue 1 2008 5 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION DISTORTED MIGRATION TERMS: Avtandil CUI BONO? SULABERIDZE 82 GLOBALIZATION AND ECONOMIC THEORY Rozeta ASATIANI 87 DEVELOPMENT OF DAGHESTAN’S RURAL POPULATION SETTLEMENT SYSTEM IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD Eldar ELDAROV 95 GEOCULTURE THE UNIVERSALITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE PRINCIPLE OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM Kiamran SHAFIEV 106 GLOBALIZATION MYTH AND TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN GEORGIA AND Lela YAKOBISHVILI- THE CAUCASUS PIRALISHVILI 115 GLOBALIZATION AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING ETHNIC CULTURE (BASED ON INFORMATION OF THE KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION) Gulfia BAZIEVA 121 GEOHISTORY AZERBAIJAN’S CULTURAL RELICS Meshadikhanum IN THE GLOBAL CIVILIZATIONAL CONTEXT NEYMAT, Vafa KULIEVA 127 THE CAUCASUS AND THE CASPIAN IN THE GREAT GEOSTRATEGIC GAME ON THE EVE OF AND DURING WORLD WAR II (GEOHISTORICAL ESSAY) Parvin DARABADI 133 CARL VON HAHN— OUTSTANDING STUDENT OF THE CAUCASUS Gocha SAITIDZE 153 6 Volume 2 Issue 1 2008 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION GEOPOLITICS Jamil GASANLY D.Sc. (Hist.), professor at Baku State University, deputy of the Milli Mejlis (parliament) of the Azerbaijan Republic (Baku, Azerbaijan). IRANIAN AZERBAIJAN: THE EPICENTER O A COLD WAR Abstract he author based his investigation of a ers’ confrontation over Iranian Azerbaijan T wide range of issues related to the na- replaced the wartime alliance with the Cold tional-liberation movement in South Azer- War. Stalin’s attempt to use the national-lib- baijan on a wealth of foreign publications, eration movement in the region as a vehicle press reports, and documents (some of them of his imperialist and expansionist designs previously unknown) from Azerbaijanian, Rus- developed into a bloody tragedy for people, sian, American, and Georgian archives, which who in the 20th century alone rebelled four allowed him to conclude that the Great Pow- times in an effort to uphold their rights. I n t r o d u c t i o n The terms “Iranian Azerbaijan” and “South Azerbaijan” appeared in the historical texts in the early 19th century when Russia’s interest in the area’s Caspian coast first developed into Peter the Great’s Persian March of 1722-1723; later the attempts to expand Russia’s domains beyond the Great Caucasus Mountain Range led to two Russo-Iranian wars. They caused havoc in the Azeri khanates formed after the death of Nadir Shah in 1747; by the early 19th century they had already established themselves as independent states. The Qajar Dynasty that came to power in Iran and Russia’s expan- sionist Caucasian policies threatened their continued independent existence. Under the Gulistan Peace Treaty of 1813, which ended the first Russo-Iranian war of 1804-1813, the Qajars abandoned their claims to the Karabakh, Ganja, Sheki, and Talysh khanates. The Qajars lost the Second Russo- Volume 2 Issue 1 2008 7 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Iranian war (1826-1828) too. Under the Turkmanchai Treaty of 1828, Russia established its domina- tion in the Nakhchyvan and Irevan khanates and the Ordubad District. This divided the historical ter- ritories of Azerbaijan into North Azerbaijan (to the north of the Arax River), as part of the Russian Empire, and the lands to the south of the Arax that remained in Iran’s possession. This created the terms Russian or North Azerbaijan and Iranian or South Azerbaijan. The Soviet Union inherited much from czarist Russia: Eastern policy was determined by impe- rial geostrategic priorities and security and economic issues. In June 1920, the Gilan Soviet Republic fell, which put an end to the frenzied attempts to spread socialist ideas to Iran. On 26 February, 1921, Soviet Russia had to sign a treaty with Iran (which shamelessly copied the British-Russian agreement
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