The Saxon Wars: Berent's Saga
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The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes. Part II Author(S): Henry H
The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes. Part II Author(s): Henry H. Howorth Reviewed work(s): Source: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 7 (1878), pp. 1-29 Published by: Royal Historical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3677882 . Accessed: 30/12/2012 11:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Historical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Sun, 30 Dec 2012 11:59:53 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYALHISTORICAL SOCIETY. THE EARLY INTERCOURSE OF THE FRANKS AND DANES. PART II. BY HENRY H. HOWORTH, ESQ., F.S.A., Fellow of the Royal HistoricalSociety. THERE is a passage in one of the Frankish annals which has not received the attentionwhich it deserves,and which I believe throws a great deal of light on the historyof the Danish revolutionsof the early part of the ninth century. This chronicle was writtenin verse by a Low Saxon monk some time during the reign of Arnulph, who died in 899. -
The Hostages of the Northmen: from the Viking Age to the Middle Ages
Part IV: Legal Rights It has previously been mentioned how hostages as rituals during peace processes – which in the sources may be described with an ambivalence, or ambiguity – and how people could be used as social capital in different conflicts. It is therefore important to understand how the persons who became hostages were vauled and how their new collective – the new household – responded to its new members and what was crucial for his or her status and participation in the new setting. All this may be related to the legal rights and special privileges, such as the right to wear coat of arms, weapons, or other status symbols. Personal rights could be regu- lated by agreements: oral, written, or even implied. Rights could also be related to the nature of the agreement itself, what kind of peace process the hostage occurred in and the type of hostage. But being a hostage also meant that a person was subjected to restric- tions on freedom and mobility. What did such situations meant for the hostage-taking party? What were their privileges and obli- gations? To answer these questions, a point of departure will be Kosto’s definition of hostages in continental and Mediterranean cultures around during the period 400–1400, when hostages were a form of security for the behaviour of other people. Hostages and law The hostage had its special role in legal contexts that could be related to the discussion in the introduction of the relationship between religion and law. The views on this subject are divided How to cite this book chapter: Olsson, S. -
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples. -
3. the Movement South and South-T7est to 9542 the British Isles
Tbe Mopemcnt Soatb and Soath-Wett t0 954 zos which, helped by a civil war instigated by the priest-king of Mun- srer, he spread his elbows to good effect throughout Ulster. By the capture of Armagh, at once a chief town of the north, the most important ecclesiastical centre oflreland, and one ofthe holy places ofwestern Christendom, he acquired wealth, power, reputation, and his place in Irish tradition. To him and his kind is attributed the esta^blishment of harbour-strongholds at Anagassan, Dublin, Wex- ford, Waterford, Cork and Limerick, with important consequences 3. The Movement South and South-T7est for the subsequent history of both Norse and Irish Ireland. He is to 9542 the British Isles, the Frankish Empire, the Mediterranean .r Io ror,r-ow rN DETATL THE vrKrNG oNSLAUGHT oN Europe whether nation b1' nationr decade, ninth-century r -decade.by or under thl fou.^ generally accepted heads of individual raids for plunder, expeditlons ol political significance and intention, colonial venture; seeking new land for settlement, and enterprises whose main concern was mercantile and commercial, would be a bis task-and in terms of this book a distorting one' It must be en"ough to trace it in general though one hopes indicative outline' We biein with Ireland in the 83os. thJ Irish coast had suffered sporadically from Norwegian plunderers ever since the first raid on Lambeyin Tg5rand sometimes ihe raiders had penetrated far inland. These were painful depreda- tionsrl but bearable, and left the character of country.and-people unchaneed. But nothing could ever be the same again after the arrival6f the famous Tuigeis from Norway shortly before 84o' Our knowledge of him, unfortinately, is at once inflated and diminished bv the leEendary material associated wjth him several hundred years aiter his"death, when he had become a favourite receptacle for Christian.indignation and alarm. -
Danimarca=Danmark=Denmark
DANIMARCA DANIMARCA=DANMARK=DENMARK Kongeriget Danmark Regno di Danimarca Kobenhavn=Copenhagen 1.250.000---2.000.000 ab. (Dal 1020 al 1443, la capitale era Roskilde) Kmq. 43.074 (43.032)(43.069)(43.075)(43.076)(43.095) Compreso Kmq. 700 di acque interne. Rivendica (unitamente all’Islanda e all’Irlanda) alla GB lo scoglio di Rockall (per conto delle Isole Faroe). Alcune fattorie sul confine con la Germania sono exclave. Dispute per le acque territoriali con Polonia (Baltico intorno a Bornholm). Dispute per la acque territoriali con GB (presso le Isole Faroe). Dispute per la pesca con Cuba (Oceano Atlantico). Dispute per la pesca con Islanda/Irlanda/GB (presso le Isole Faroe). Movimento indipendentista a Christiania=Freetown Christiania. Movimento indipendentista nella Skania=Scania=Skaneland=Terra Scania (coinvolti anche territori svedesi). Movimento indipendentista tedesco nel Nord Schlewig. Movimento indipendentista nelle Isole Faroe. Movimento indipendentista nella Groenlandia. Movimento indipendentista a Bornholm. Ab. 5.050.000---5.500.000 Coefficiente natalità: 19,6% Coefficiente mortalità: 11,4% Danesi (96%) Tedeschi Svedesi Turchi Inglesi Norvegesi Faroesi Lingua Nazionale/Ufficiale: Danese=Danish Alfabetizzazione: 99% Ciechi: 10.000 Sordi: 320.000 (con 20 Istituzioni) Pagina 1 di 22 DANIMARCA Indice di diversità: 0.05 Chirmangichi=Kirmanjki Croati (5,000) Danese=Danish=Dansco=Dansk=Danese Centrale=Central Danish=Siellandese= Siaelland (5.000.000) Danese Gitano=Danese Zingaro=Gitano=Zingaro=Traveller Danish=Rodi= Rotvelo=Rotwelsch -
From the Viking Age to the Middle Ages
Part III: Ritual Actions in Different Areas of Confrontation Hostages in peace processes The purpose of this part of the book is to elucidate how the giv- ing and taking of hostages can be understood within a ceremony (or several ceremonies). The analysis must in part be carried out as a reconstruction because the medieval writers sometimes saw the giving and taking of hostage as irrelevant during negotiations: there were more important events to describe, such as the con- version of heathens. At the same time it is important to under- stand the use of a hostage as a major or essential part of a wider context: the peace process. The central parts of ceremonies are also analysed in this part, the treatment of the hostages, and how they were valued as persons. These ceremonial patterns may have taken altering expressions – regulations, and procedures – in dif- ferent areas of confrontation and must therefore be understood by identifying their contextual factors. Initially Anglo-Saxon areas of confrontation are described and analysed, as well as some other contexts. In particular, it is emphasized that there were specific conditions for each individual conflict, with a subsequent peace, where personal interests may have been decisive for the outcome as well as other social mechanisms related to competitive group- ings. Additional examples will also be taken from other confron- tational areas involving Scandinavians: the Carolingian Empire, Denmark, and Norway. How to cite this book chapter: Olsson, S. 2019. Ritual Actions in Different Areas of Confrontation. In: Olsson, S. The Hostages of Northmen: From the Viking Age to the Middle Ages. -
Fyrretyve Fortællinger Af Fædrelandets Historie
Fyrretyve Fortællinger af Fædrelandets Historie Af A. D. Jørgensen Født d. 11. juni 1840, død d. 5. oktober 1897 Fyrretyve Fortællinger af Fædrelandets Historie Af A. D. Jørgensen Femte oplag. Med forfatterens portræt, 5 stentrykte kort og 58 billeder. Ved Udvalget for Folkeoplysnings Fremme, København. I kommission hos G. E. C. Gad. 1907 Med nærværende femte oplag er A. D. Jørgensens „Fyrretyve Fortællinger af Fædrelandets Historie” trykt i i alt 39,000 eksemplarer. Trykt hos Nielsen & Lydiche (A. Simmelkiær). København. Tekstgenkendt med Tesseract-OCR efter 5. udgave (1907) G.E.C. Gad, København Bearbejdet af Lars Erik Bryld, 2016 Ortografiske rettelser: I forbindelse med tekstgenkendelsen af faksimileudgaven er med enkelte undtagelser gj- ændret til g-, kj- til k-, og aa til å. Navneord, som ikke er egennavne er rettet til lille begyndelsesbogstav. Enkelte tilpasninger af andre ældre stavemåder, såsom "kunde"->"kunne", "hjærte"->"hjerte" o.l. er ligeledes blevet foretaget. Forord til 3. Oplag. Tredje udgave af de „40 Fortællinger af Fædrelandets Historie” er i alt væsentligt et optryk af den foregående, hist og her dog med enkelte, mindre væsentlige forandringer. Det blev alt ved andet oplag (1886) fremhævet, hvad der måske vil være anledning til nu at gentage, at „Bogens titel (med angivelse af det vilkårlige antal fortællinger) var valgt i den udtrykkelige hensigt at forhindre opfattelsen af den som en sammenhængende og udtømmende fremstilling af vor historie”. Det er i virkeligheden kun et begrænset antal fortællinger, men valget -
Vikingetiden Ca
DANMARKSHISTORIEN.DK’S E-BØGER Vikingetiden ca. 800-1050 Forfatter: Else Roesdahl og danmarkshistorien.dk DANMARKSHISTORIEN.DK’S E-BØGER Vikingetiden ca. 800-1050 Forfatter: Else Roesdahl og danmarkshistorien.dk Denne interaktive e-bog er en del af en serie på i alt 12 e-bøger, der omhandler Danmarks historie fra vikingetiden og frem til i dag. Bogen her handler om vikingetiden, der strækker sig fra ca. 800-1050. Ud over at læse om selve perioden kan du finde billeder, video og historiske kilder og teste din viden i en quiz. Afslutningsvis finder du en liste med forslag til videre læsning om emnet. Alle 12 bøger i serien udgives af formidlingsprojektet danmarkshistorien.dk, der hører under Institut for Kultur og Samfund ved Aarhus Universitet, og er udarbejdet på baggrund af materiale fra hjemmesiden. © 2014 Forfatteren og danmarkshistorien.dk, Institut for Kultur og Samfund, Aarhus Universitet. Redaktion: Lene Elmegaard Bladt, knowMore. Udgivet med støtte fra Dronning Margrethes og Prins Henriks Fond. ISBN: 978-87-995547-5-1 1 DANMARKSHISTORIEN.DK – VIKINGETIDEN, CA. 800-1050 Indledning Den periode, som i dag kaldes vikingetiden, omfatter grundlæggende nyheder, som slog rod og udvikledes. tiden ca. 800-1050. Ordet ”viking” blev brugt både i Foruden kristendommen, kirker og en begyndende vikingetiden og længe før og betød dengang vistnok kirkeorganisation fik man bl.a. byer og søkriger, sørøver og hærfærd til søs. Siden forsvandt bybefæstninger, kongelige borge og en ekspanderende det fra det danske sprog, men kom via de islandske kongemagt, nye specialiserede skibstyper, et sagaer ind igen i 1800-årene og blev altså valgt til at møntvæsen, broer og stenarkitektur, bøger og latinsk betegne denne periode. -
THE CONQUEST of SAXONY AD 782–785 Charlemagne’S Defeat of Widukind of Westphalia
THE CONQUEST OF SAXONY AD 782–785 Charlemagne’s defeat of Widukind of Westphalia DAVID NICOLLE ILLUSTRATED BY GRAHAM TURNER © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CAMPAIGN 271 THE CONQUEST OF SAXONY AD 782–785 Charlemagne’s defeat of Widukind of Westphalia DAVID NICOLLE ILLUSTRATED BY GRAHAM TURNER Series editor Marcus Cowper © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: FRANKS AND SAXONS 5 CHRONOLOGY 19 OPPOSING COMMANDERS 22 Carolingian commandersSaxon commanders OPPOSING FORCES 32 Carolingian forcesSaxon forces OPPOSING PLANS 42 Carolingian plansSaxon plans THE CAMPAIGN 46 Carolingian defeat in the Süntel Hills, AD 782The Saxon defeat AFTERMATH 79 A continuing struggleImpact on the SaxonsImpact on the Carolingians THE BATTLEFIELDS TODAY 91 FURTHER READING 93 INDEX 95 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com The Carolingian kingdom and its neighbours, c. AD 782 N 1. Willebrord of Northumbria’s mission to 7. Southern provinces of the Lombard the Frisians (c. ad 690–739). Kingdom of Italy divided between the 2. Boniface of Wessex’s mission to the Duchy of Spoleto (nominally Papal) and Frisians and Hessians (c. AD 716–754). the Lombard Principality of Benevento). 3. Willehad of Northumbria’s mission to the 8. March of Friuli established in AD 776. Saxons (AD 780–789). 9. Against Lombard Kingdom of Italy in 4. Territory south of the Teutoburger Wald AD 773–74. KINGDOM lost by Franks to Saxons in AD 695, 10. Against rebel Lombard Duke of Friuli reconquered AD 722–804. later in AD 776. OF THE 5. Bavaria under Carolingian overlordship 11. Against Saragossa in AD 778. SCOTTISH KINGDOMS PICTS from AD 778. -
Ragnar Lothbrok and the Semi-Legendary History of Denmark
RAGNAR LOTHBROK AND THE SEMI-LEGENDARY HISTORY OF DENMARK Senior Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Undergraduate Program in the Department of History William Kapelle, Advisor In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts by RYAN HALL KACANI MAY 2015 Copyright by Ryan H. Kacani Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor William Kapelle for advising me on this thesis, as well as Professors Gregory Freeze and Charles McClendon for serving on my defense committee. I would like to thank Nicholas Galinski for providing valuable eyes in the final stages of editing. And above all I would like to thank Rita, without whom this never would have been completed, and who not only guided me through this project, but guides me through life itself. CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter One: The History of Denmark and 5 Sweden to the Battle of Brávellir (c. 500-c. 750) Chapter Two: Expansion and the House of 22 Godfred in the Ninth Century (c. 750-867) Chapter Three: The Story of the Legendary 45 Ragnar Lothbrok Chapter Four: Reginheri and Other 64 Historical Ragnar Models Chapter Five: The Sons of Reginheri and 81 Lothbroka Conclusions 114 Appendix: Maps, Genealogies, and 117 Timelines Bibliography 129 INTRODUCTION From the late eighth to the late eleventh centuries, nearly the entirety of Europe was held at the mercy of Scandinavian raiders. These Viking warriors took countless riches from the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian France, and, when plunder was not plentiful, extorted thousands of pounds of silver from the regions’ rulers. -
A History of the V-5
L. The Scandinavian Community, t: Diversity and Unity (1 )o ,^o r* ouR AccouNT oF THE scANDTNAVTAN pEopLEs we have assumed that despite a threefold division inro Danes, Swedes, and Norwegians, and the internal division ofeach ofthese into tribes and regions, with a more or less constant pattern of neighbourly aggression, dynastic struggle, extra-territbrial con- quest, and folk migration--despite these things we have assumed that Scandinavia is an entity and have talked ofit as such. Before proceeding with the political history of the peoples we had better ask ourselves why. First there is the geographical position ofthe three countries in the north ofEurope. They are grouped together, it is true; but the grouping is less neighbourly than that of the countries of the British Isles, or the city states of Italy. The old Cimbric peninsula, modern Jutland, is an extension of the north German pliin, and a long run of wars from the beginning of the ninth ceniury to the middle of the twentieth has failed to draw what nature left undrawn, a definitive frontier. The flat and Grtile countryside of the Danish isles from Fyn to Z,ealand, of Bornholm, and Skine in Sweden, has more in common with lands south of the Fehmarn Belt and the Baltic than with Norway and Swedish Norrland. On the peninsula itse[ the upturned keel of mountains running south from Finn- mark almost to Stavanger and Vdrmland made vast areas ofeastern and western Scandinavia almost inaccessible to each other through- out the Middle Ages.l Eastwards there is no natural division r The two best lines of land communication between Norway and Sweden vere the Trondheim qap and the area south of Lake Miosa. -
The Coins of Denmark the Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, Commonly Known As Denmark, Is a Nation Situated in the Scandinavian Region of Northern Europe
The Coins of Denmark The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, commonly known as Denmark, is a nation situated in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries. The mainland is bordered to the south by Germany; Denmark is located to the southwest of Sweden and the south of Norway. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and a large number of islands, most notably Zealand (Sjælland), Funen (Fyn), Vendsyssel-Thy, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea, and these waters are also known as the Danish straits. The Faroe Islands and Greenland are autonomous provinces of Denmark with home rule. Denmark is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. It is a member of NATO and the European Union, having joined the European Economic Community in 1973. The national capital and the largest city is Copenhagen. Originally a seafaring nation relying on fishing, farming and trade, Denmark experienced steady industrialization in the 19th and 20th centuries and developed the Scandinavian model welfare state. The earliest archaeological findings in Denmark date back to 130,000 – 110,000 BC in the Eem interglacial period. People have inhabited Denmark since about 12,500 BC and agriculture has been in evidence since 3,900 BC.The Nordic Bronze Age (1,800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by burial mounds, which left an abundance of findings including lurs and the Sun Chariot.