DOCSLIB.ORG

The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes. Part II Author(S): Henry H

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes. Part II Author(S): Henry H The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes. Part II Author(s): Henry H. Howorth Reviewed work(s): Source: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 7 (1878), pp. 1-29 Published by: Royal Historical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3677882 . Accessed: 30/12/2012 11:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Historical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Sun, 30 Dec 2012 11:59:53 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYALHISTORICAL SOCIETY. THE EARLY INTERCOURSE OF THE FRANKS AND DANES. PART II. BY HENRY H. HOWORTH, ESQ., F.S.A., Fellow of the Royal HistoricalSociety. THERE is a passage in one of the Frankish annals which has not received the attentionwhich it deserves,and which I believe throws a great deal of light on the historyof the Danish revolutionsof the early part of the ninth century. This chronicle was writtenin verse by a Low Saxon monk some time during the reign of Arnulph, who died in 899. Under the year 807 we read that a Norman chief named Alfdeni,accompanied by a great following,submitted to Char- lemagne, and made a perpetualpact with him (Pertz, I, 263). This notice I consider is very important. It is quite clear, fromwhat we know of Norse modes of thought and habits, that this was no plebeian, but some distinguishedchief. It is furtherclear that no Danish chief would put his head under the yoke of the Frank empire except under compulsion. That such a one should have willinglyand freelysubjected himselfto the mightyKaizer Charles is incredible; nor,again, is it to be supposed that a statement like this,in whichan uncommon name is mentioned by the Saxon poet, was an inventionof his own. The only alternative that remains is the view I would urge, namely,that he was a fugitiveand an VII. B 2 This content downloaded on Sun, 30 Dec 2012 11:59:53 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 2 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY. outcast. If a fugitive,he was in all probabilityescaping from the dominantchief of Denmark at this time,namely, Godfred. In my formerpaper I argued that Godfredwas the Gudrod the Magnificentof Snorro,the chief of the Inglings,and that he was a strangerand a conqueror in Denmark. He first appears as king there in 804, the mentionof him previously in 782 by Regino being, as I have shown,in all probabilitya mistake. What more probable,therefore, than that Halfdene was the King of Denmark, or rather,perhaps, of Jutland,who was dispossessed by Godfred? This view,which I believe is new, also explains some very crooked parts of the history of this period. Halfdene was doubtless the same Halfdene who was sent to the Emperor as an envoy with Osmund by the Danish king Sigfred in the year 782. It is not improbable,as I shall show presently,that on submittingto the Emperor in 807 he received the grant of an appanage, was allowed to settle in Friesland, and Godfred's campaign in Friesland in 8Io was perhaps decided against him. I forgotto mention a curious incident of that campaign referredto by Saxo, in which he tells us that when peace was made with the Frisians they had to pay a large sum of money whichthe conqueror caused to be throwninto the hollow of a shield,and he judged by the sound whetherthe metal was pure or not: assuredly he must have had a good ear forthe ringof honest coin. If my contentionbe right, then it is clear that on Godfred's death therewould be a dispossessed and rival dynastywith betterclaims than his own to the allegiance of the Danes. Let us now shortlyconsider anotherfact, which has been somewhat overlooked. Under the year 808 we read that in a fightwith the Obotriti there fell Reginold, the nephew of Godfred, "who was the first afterhim in the kingdom" (Einhardt, Pertz, I, I95; Chron. Moiss. id. 2, 258). Godfred,as we know,left a number of sons behind himnt;how thenwas his nephew called the next after him in the kingdom,unless the succession among the Norsemenwas the sameas in many Eastern nations, where This content downloaded on Sun, 30 Dec 2012 11:59:53 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE EARLY INTERCOURSE OF THE FRANKS AND DANES. 3 brothersucceeded brotheruntil those of the same generation were extinct,when the successionwent back to thedescendants of the eldest ? This I believe was the case, and Reginold was perhaps the son of Godfred's brother Eystein, who is mentionedby Snorro. On the death of Godfredhis sons fledas I have mentioned; one of them apparentlysucceeded to his father'sdominions in Westfold, namely Olaf. In Jutland,however, he was suc- ceeded by his brother'sson Hemming (Einhardt, Pertz,I, 197, 198; Kruse, 54). He was doubtless a brother of the Reginold just named. The Saga of Olaf Trygveson,which is a verylate authority, calls him a brotherof Godfred,while Saxo makes him a son of Olaf; but these authoritiescannot weigh against the con- temporary Frank annalist. The new king came to terms with the empire,and in a treatymade between them in 81I the Eyder was accepted as the frontierbetween the two kingdoms (Helmold Kruse, 58), and thus the borderdistrict occupied by the Transalbingian Saxons, and the Obotritiof Wagrien, over which Godfred had enacted a kind of suzerainty,was surrenderedto the Franks. This treaty was concluded at a conferenceheld on the Eyder,in whichten chiefson the side of the Franks weremet by an equal number of Danes. The names of the Franks are thus given :--I. Count Walach, son of Bernhard,that is Walach or Wala, afterwards Abbot of Corbey, cousin to Charlemagne,being the son of his uncle Bernard,whom he sent against the Lombard King Desiderius (Kruse 61, note). 2. Count Burchard; he was comes stabuli to the Emperor, and was sent byhim in 807 into Corsica (Einhardt sub ann; Kruse, id.). 3. Count Unroch, the father of Albgar, who was sent into Dalmatia (Einh. sub ann 817; Kruse,62, note I). 4. Count Wodo, or Odo, doubtless the Odo legatus mentioned in 81o as the commanderof Hohbuokhi (Einhardt annales Pertz I, 197). 5. Count Meginhard, the fatherof Eberhardthe Saxon who was killed in 881 by the Norsemen. 6. Count Egbert This content downloaded on Sun, 30 Dec 2012 11:59:53 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 4 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL IIISTORICAL SOCIETY. (already named as the founderof a fortressacross the Elbe). 7. Count Theodoric, who was probably a Saxon. 8. Count Abo, probably the Abbio who was baptized with Witekind (Annales Lauriss, and Einh. sub anno 785; Kruse, 62). 9. Count Ostdag, doubtless a Saxon; and Io. Count Wigman, also no doubt a Saxon (a Wigman Saxonis named in 939 (Pertz, I, 619). On behalfof the Danes the deputieswere thus named :-Two brothersof Hemming named Hancwin (pro- bably Hakon, Dahlman) and Augandeo (Augantyr,Dahl. 25), and the followingchief men :-Osfred styledTurdimul ( ? from Islandic tutinn,and meil mouth,Dahl. 25), and Warsteinand Suomi ? and Urm, and anotherOsfrid, the son of Heileg (i. e., Helye), and Osfridof Sconaowe (i.e. of Scania), and Hebbi, and Aowin. It is remarkable,as MM. Warnkoenig and Gerard have that no mention is made here of Godfred's sons, although Hemming's brothers are named; showing his hostile title (Hist. des Car. 2, 2Io). We are told that peace was sworn accordingto the methodof the Danes. The Emperor now divided his army into three sections; one was sent into Brittany,another into Pannonia, and a thirdcrossed the Elbe into the countryof the Linones, which restored the fortressof Hohbuoki, destroyed the previous year by the Wiltzi. The Emperor himselfwent to Bononia (i.e. Boulogne), wherethe ships he had orderedto be built the year beforewere assembled. He restoredthe pharosthere, and caused the nocturnal fire to be relighted. He then went up the Scheldt to Ghent, where he inspected another fleet,and in the middle of November returnedto Aachen, where there came Aowin and Hebbi, the two envoys of the Danish king,bearing gifts. While he thus extended a civil hand to the Norsemen,he carefullyprepared more efficacious defences for the coasts. Hemming died in the early part of the year 8 I2. The verysuspicious narrativeof Saxo makes him be buried at Lethra. The Frankish chronicles introduce us on his death to a fiercestruggle for the vacant throne,and we are told that this This content downloaded on Sun, 30 Dec 2012 11:59:53 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE EARLY INTERCOURSE OF THE FRANKS AND DANES. 5 struggletook place between "Sigfred,the nephewof Godfred, and Anulo, the nephew or grandson of Harald who was formerly king." This Sigfred, or Sigurd, was doubtless a brother of Reginold and Hemming already named,who succeeded them naturally. Anulo is translated Ringo in Saxo's narrative,and in the Saga of Olaf Trygvason,which at this time seems based on Saxo; and it has been generallyagreed that the person here meant is Sigurd Ring, who in the Sagas was a nephew of Harold Hildetand; but it is far fromclear that this is so.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THARP-THESIS-2021.Pdf
    Danishness in the Viking Age: Violence, Christianity, and Boundary Perception in the Construction of Medieval Danish Identity by Jessica Tharp, B.A. A Thesis In History Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved John Howe, Ph.D. Chair of the Committee Gretchen Adams, Ph.D. Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School May, 2021 Copyright 2021, Jessica Tharp Texas Tech University, Jessica Tharp, May 2021 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are numerous people who have helped me throughout the course of writing this thesis. First, I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. John Howe and Dr. Gretchen Adams, for their patience and invaluable feedback throughout the production process. I would also like to thank Dr. Sydnor Roy for her instrumental assistance in translating early medieval Latin, as well as her encouragement and advice. Thank you also to the numerous professors within the History Department at Texas Tech University who encouraged and helped me grow as a scholar. ii Texas Tech University, Jessica Tharp, May 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iv I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 II. THE THEORETICAL LANDSCAPE ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • WOODRIDGE Providence Blaze D More Effort and .Sacrifice Are De­ World Situation at the Time the 26 Turee in Down Town Stantforgj Other Industries, It Was Said
    The Wsathsr Average Daily Circnlation rO U B T E EN THURSDAY, DECEMBER 81,1942 Fore f t of C. a. Wratkor B aras iltm rhfBtrr iEii^nino Hpralb For the Montk wt Deeember. 1942 7,858 Moderate mow tonlgkt; little Ultutrhrfitrr Sarttlttg B rralb chango te temperataiow About Town Thomas Qiara MenriMr of tbo Audit and Prosperous Boreau of Clrculatlooa ^ Manchester——a, « Aa Cky.^s. oj. # Tr*flVillage____ Charm A daughter, Marilyn Elaine, wna To Get f 2,000 PRICE THREE CENTS THE TEA ROOM born Tuesday at the Hartford (TWELVE PAGES) hospital, to Captain and Mrs. Wal­ VOL. LXIL, NO. 78 Wi»he$ AU lit Friends ter Hooper of 751 Collins street. Well Known Local Real* East Hartford. Mrs. Hooper was dent Now in Army Re­ NEW YEAR the former Miss Beatrice Arnold A Very Happy of 300 Spruce street. membered in Will. High British Officers Given Soviet Army Drives Mrs. Elsie Wilhelm of 44 Wood- I Is Our Wish To You Allied Submarines bridge street has received word Mrs. M ary B reyer of 611 Cen­ ter street, who died December 10 i ------------------------- N E W YEAR from her son. Pvt. Walter C. Wil­ Honors by King George VI helm, U. S. M. C., to. the effect and waa buried In St. James's TONIGHT th a t he Is a t present som ewhere In cemetery on January 12, left to I Please Note— Store will be closed from Thurs- And Planes Score “No Wines — No Liquors — Just Good the Pacific. He enlisted in the Ma­ St.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin 92 - Annual Catalogue 1925-1926 Eastern Illinois University
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Eastern Illinois University Bulletin University Publications 4-1-1926 Bulletin 92 - Annual Catalogue 1925-1926 Eastern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/eiu_bulletin Recommended Citation Eastern Illinois University, "Bulletin 92 - Annual Catalogue 1925-1926" (1926). Eastern Illinois University Bulletin. 188. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/eiu_bulletin/188 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Eastern Illinois University Bulletin by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1: '3"CO."'C3 c na.- ~G c.or·~ The Teachers College Bulletin No. 92 April I, 1926 Eastern Illinois State Teachers College AT CHARLESTON .... ------.;.;==~= ::::: ·:: ... Twenty-seventh Ye~:r:=::::.::::: .=:· :':": ·:·:·· --------. .. ...... : :· .: .: .:.. ~ .:. ·: :. .. ... ······::.···::·.·.. ANNUAL CATALOGUE NUMBER 1925-1926 WITH ANNOUN~EMENTS FOR 1926-1927 The Teachers College Bulletin PGBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE EASTERN ILLINOIS STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE AT CHARLESTON Entered March 5, 1902, as second-class matter, at the post office at Charleston, Illinois. Act of Congress, July 16, 1894 No. 92 CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS April 1, 1926 Eastern Illinois State Teachers College AT CHARLESTON ::::l"· .. ·.~ *"·' .,. .. .. • t • '9 " ... ~ •• : 't..... ~ :· :· Annual Catalogue Number i .. {:-~~f:: /~ :·:;. ... for the Twenty-seventh Year , 'I. ' ·.: • ~
    [Show full text]
  • Stockholm Diplomatic List
    Stockholm Diplomatic List 9 September 2020 The Heads of Mission are requested to kindly communicate to the Chief of Protocol all changes related to personnel as they occur (arrivals, departures, promotions, new addresses etc.), so that they may be included in the next updated edition of the Diplomatic List. Ministry for Foreign Affairs Protocol Department Abbreviations: (S) = Swedish citizen (SB) = Permanent resident in Sweden (”stadigvarande bosatt”) Afghanistan August 19th - Independence Day Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Chancery: Skepparbacken 2B, Saltsjö-Duvnäs Tel: +46-(0)73-965 95 70 Postal Address: Fax: +46-(0)8-35 84 20 Källängstorget 10 Email: [email protected] 181 44 Lidingö Consular Section: Källängstorget 10 Tel: +46-(0)72-016 22 65 181 44 Lidingö Fax: +46-(0)8-35 84 18 Office hours: Mon-Fri 09.30-16.00 Email: [email protected] His Excellency Mr Ghulam Abbas NOYAN, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (28.11.2019) Mrs Sidiqa NOYAN Mr Ahmad Zaher MAQSOODI, Counsellor (Deputy Head of Mission) Mrs Bnafsha MAQSOODI Ms Farima NAWABI, First Secretary Mr Ajmal AHMADZAI, Second Secretary Mrs Marwa AFZALZADA Mr Ahmad Saber ETEBAR, Second Secretary (Consular Section) Albania November 28th - Independence and Flag Day Embassy of the Republic of Albania Chancery: Capellavägen 7 Tel: +46-(0)8-731 09 20 Postal Address: Fax: +46-(0)8-767 65 57 Capellavägen 7 Email: [email protected] 181 32 Lidingö His Excellency Mr Virgjil KULE, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (24.10.2018) Mr Albert JERASI, Minister-Counsellor Mrs Albana JERASI Ms Marsida KURTI, Second Secretary Colonel Arben DEMOLLARI, Defence Attaché (Berlin) Algeria November 1st - National Day Embassy of the People´s Democratic Republic of Algeria Chancery: Danderydsgatan 3-5 Tel: +46-(0)8-679 91 30 Postal Address: Tel: +46-(0)8-679 91 40 P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Papers of Surrealism, Issue 8, Spring 2010 1
    © Lizzie Thynne, 2010 Indirect Action: Politics and the Subversion of Identity in Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore’s Resistance to the Occupation of Jersey Lizzie Thynne Abstract This article explores how Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore translated the strategies of their artistic practice and pre-war involvement with the Surrealists and revolutionary politics into an ingenious counter-propaganda campaign against the German Occupation. Unlike some of their contemporaries such as Tristan Tzara and Louis Aragon who embraced Communist orthodoxy, the women refused to relinquish the radical relativism of their approach to gender, meaning and identity in resisting totalitarianism. Their campaign built on Cahun’s theorization of the concept of ‘indirect action’ in her 1934 essay, Place your Bets (Les paris sont ouvert), which defended surrealism in opposition to both the instrumentalization of art and myths of transcendence. An examination of Cahun’s post-war letters and the extant leaflets the women distributed in Jersey reveal how they appropriated and inverted Nazi discourse to promote defeatism through carnivalesque montage, black humour and the ludic voice of their adopted persona, the ‘Soldier without a Name.’ It is far from my intention to reproach those who left France at the time of the Occupation. But one must point out that Surrealism was entirely absent from the preoccupations of those who remained because it was no help whatsoever on an emotional or practical level in their struggles against the Nazis.1 Former dadaist and surrealist and close collaborator of André Breton, Tristan Tzara thus dismisses the idea that surrealism had any value in opposing Nazi domination.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
    The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples.
    [Show full text]
  • FOREIGN NAMES-Revised
    Yiddish ROOT Common m / f English Czech French German Hungarian Italian Lithuanian Polish Slovak Russian / Jewish ISSAC Isaac m. Ike Isaac Isaac Izsak Izaak Isaak Aizik Isaac Isaak Issaaki Icchok Izaak Issak Isaak Zack Issia Itchok Isya Itzhak Itshak Izik Izia Yitzhak IUCUND Jocund m. Jocundas Juconde Giocondo Jukundas Joconde IVOR Ivor m. Evander Igor Igor Igor Ivo Igor Igino Gocha Igor Igorek Ingwar Igorek Igor Gora Ivar Igus Igorko Igocha Ivor Igor Igoriok JACOB Jacob m. Coby Jakoubek Jacob Diego Jakab Giacobbe Jak Jakub Iacha Akiva Jacob Jakub Jacques Jacob Jakob Giacomo Jakub Jokubko Iakiv Kapel Jake Kuba Jaymes Jacobus Jacopo Jakubek Kubo Iakov Koppel James Kubicek Jacques Jakusz Yakiv Yaakov Jamie Kubik Jacub Kuba Yakov Yakov Jay Jakob Yasha Yankel Jeb James Yashenka Jim Jasha Jimmie Jockel Jocki Jacqueline f. Jackalyn Jacqueline Jackie Giachetta Jakobina Jacki Jacquleine Jacqueline Jacqui JANUARIUS January m. January Janvier Januarius Januarijus January Januarek JAROPELK Jaropelk m. Jaropelk Yaropolk Equivalent Foreign Names-revised Page 56 of 114 Yiddish ROOT Common m / f English Czech French German Hungarian Italian Lithuanian Polish Slovak Russian / Jewish JAROMIR Jaromir m. Jarda Jaro Jarda Jaromir Jaromir Yaromir Jarek Jaromil Jaromiras Jaromir Jaromir Jarousek Mirek Mira Mirek JAROSLAW Jaroslaw m. Jerry Jarda Jaroslaw Jaroslavas Jarek Jarinko Iar Jarek Jaroslaw Jarino Iaroslav Jaroslav Jeske Jarko Slava Jarousek Jesko Jaro Yarik Slavek Jaroslav Yaroslav Jaroslawa f. Jarca Jaroslava Jaroslawa Jarka Iaroslava Jarka Jeroslawa Jaroslava Yaroslava Jaroslava Jarunka Jaruska Slavka JASPER Casper m. Caspar Gaspard Caspar Gaspar Gaspare Kasparas Gasparek Gaspar Jaspar Casper Gaspard Gazsi Gasparo Kacper Gaspar Jasper Kacper Jasper Jesper Kasper Kaspar Kasperek Equivalent Foreign Names-revised Page 57 of 114 Yiddish ROOT Common m / f English Czech French German Hungarian Italian Lithuanian Polish Slovak Russian / Jewish JOHANNES Ivan m.
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona IASIS Preferred Physician Roster Updated 9/13/17
    Arizona IASIS Preferred Physician Roster Updated 9/13/17 PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS Specialty Last Name First Name PCP ID Facility Name Address 1 Address 2 City St. Zip Phone FAMILY MEDICINE ALLEN GREGORY 1952380925 ALLEN FAMILY MEDICINE 7233 E BASELINE RD STE 126 MESA AZ 85209 (480) 699-2222 FAMILY MEDICINE BABARIA CHATUR 1568514404 QUEEN CREEK FAMILY MEDICINE 22707 S ELLSWORTH RD STE H103 QUEEN CREEK AZ 85142 (480) 677-3494 FAMILY MEDICINE BAILEY LINDA 1447658448 HEAVENS MEDICAL 105 S DELAWARE DR STE 1 &2 APACHE AZ 85120 (480) 646-1001 JUNCTION FAMILY MEDICINE BEACH JAMES 1053304808 43RD AVENUE MEDICAL 7725 N 43RD AVE STE 111 PHOENIX AZ 85051 (623) 931-9201 ASSOCIATES FAMILY MEDICINE BERRY BARBARA 1457411613 CENTRAL PHOENIX MEDICAL 7600 N 15TH ST STE 190 PHOENIX AZ 85020 (602) 200-3800 CLINIC LLC FAMILY MEDICINE BOTTNER MELVIN 1053304972 PHYSICIAN GROUP OF ARIZONA 1010 E UNIVERSITY DR MESA AZ 85203 (480) 844-1010 FAMILY MEDICINE BOTTNER MELVIN 1053304972 PHYSICIAN GROUP OF ARIZONA 1492 S MILL AVE STE 101 TEMPE AZ 85281 (480) 257-2727 FAMILY MEDICINE BOTTNER MELVIN 1053304972 PHYSICIAN GROUP OF ARIZONA 1495 E OSBORN RD PHOENIX AZ 85014 (602) 254-7554 FAMILY MEDICINE BOTTNER MELVIN 1053304972 PHYSICIAN GROUP OF ARIZONA 1968 E BASELINE RD STE F101 TEMPE AZ 85253 (480) 775-4110 FAMILY MEDICINE BOTTNER MELVIN 1053304972 PHYSICIAN GROUP OF ARIZONA 3330 N 2ND ST STE 502 PHOENIX AZ 85012 (602) 824-4400 FAMILY MEDICINE BOTTNER MELVIN 1053304972 PHYSICIAN GROUP OF ARIZONA 3340 W SOUTHERN AVE STE 131 PHOENIX AZ 85041 (623) 399-6214 FAMILY MEDICINE
    [Show full text]
  • 3. the Movement South and South-T7est to 9542 the British Isles
    Tbe Mopemcnt Soatb and Soath-Wett t0 954 zos which, helped by a civil war instigated by the priest-king of Mun- srer, he spread his elbows to good effect throughout Ulster. By the capture of Armagh, at once a chief town of the north, the most important ecclesiastical centre oflreland, and one ofthe holy places ofwestern Christendom, he acquired wealth, power, reputation, and his place in Irish tradition. To him and his kind is attributed the esta^blishment of harbour-strongholds at Anagassan, Dublin, Wex- ford, Waterford, Cork and Limerick, with important consequences 3. The Movement South and South-T7est for the subsequent history of both Norse and Irish Ireland. He is to 9542 the British Isles, the Frankish Empire, the Mediterranean .r Io ror,r-ow rN DETATL THE vrKrNG oNSLAUGHT oN Europe whether nation b1' nationr decade, ninth-century r -decade.by or under thl fou.^ generally accepted heads of individual raids for plunder, expeditlons ol political significance and intention, colonial venture; seeking new land for settlement, and enterprises whose main concern was mercantile and commercial, would be a bis task-and in terms of this book a distorting one' It must be en"ough to trace it in general though one hopes indicative outline' We biein with Ireland in the 83os. thJ Irish coast had suffered sporadically from Norwegian plunderers ever since the first raid on Lambeyin Tg5rand sometimes ihe raiders had penetrated far inland. These were painful depreda- tionsrl but bearable, and left the character of country.and-people unchaneed. But nothing could ever be the same again after the arrival6f the famous Tuigeis from Norway shortly before 84o' Our knowledge of him, unfortinately, is at once inflated and diminished bv the leEendary material associated wjth him several hundred years aiter his"death, when he had become a favourite receptacle for Christian.indignation and alarm.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Commutative Cryptography and Complexity of Group-Theoretic Problems
    Mathematical Surveys and Monographs Volume 177 Non-commutative Cryptography and Complexity of Group-theoretic Problems Alexei Myasnikov Vladimir Shpilrain Alexander Ushakov With an appendix by Natalia Mosina American Mathematical Society http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/surv/177 Mathematical Surveys and Monographs Volume 177 Non-commutative Cryptography and Complexity of Group-theoretic Problems Alexei Myasnikov Vladimir Shpilrain Alexander Ushakov With an appendix by Natalia Mosina American Mathematical Society Providence, Rhode Island EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Ralph L. Cohen, Chair MichaelA.Singer Jordan S. Ellenberg Benjamin Sudakov MichaelI.Weinstein 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 94A60, 20F10, 68Q25, 94A62, 11T71. For additional information and updates on this book, visit www.ams.org/bookpages/surv-177 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Myasnikov, Alexei G., 1955– Non-commutative cryptography and complexity of group-theoretic problems / Alexei Myas- nikov, Vladimir Shpilrain, Alexander Ushakov ; with an appendix by Natalia Mosina. p. cm. – (Mathematical surveys and monographs ; v. 177) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8218-5360-3 (alk. paper) 1. Combinatorial group theory. 2. Cryptography. 3. Computer algorithms. 4. Number theory. I. Shpilrain, Vladimir, 1960– II. Ushakov, Alexander. III. Title. QA182.5.M934 2011 005.82–dc23 2011020554 Copying and reprinting. Individual readers of this publication, and nonprofit libraries acting for them, are permitted to make fair use of the material, such as to copy a chapter for use in teaching or research. Permission is granted to quote brief passages from this publication in reviews, provided the customary acknowledgment of the source is given. Republication, systematic copying, or multiple reproduction of any material in this publication is permitted only under license from the American Mathematical Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Danimarca=Danmark=Denmark
    DANIMARCA DANIMARCA=DANMARK=DENMARK Kongeriget Danmark Regno di Danimarca Kobenhavn=Copenhagen 1.250.000---2.000.000 ab. (Dal 1020 al 1443, la capitale era Roskilde) Kmq. 43.074 (43.032)(43.069)(43.075)(43.076)(43.095) Compreso Kmq. 700 di acque interne. Rivendica (unitamente all’Islanda e all’Irlanda) alla GB lo scoglio di Rockall (per conto delle Isole Faroe). Alcune fattorie sul confine con la Germania sono exclave. Dispute per le acque territoriali con Polonia (Baltico intorno a Bornholm). Dispute per la acque territoriali con GB (presso le Isole Faroe). Dispute per la pesca con Cuba (Oceano Atlantico). Dispute per la pesca con Islanda/Irlanda/GB (presso le Isole Faroe). Movimento indipendentista a Christiania=Freetown Christiania. Movimento indipendentista nella Skania=Scania=Skaneland=Terra Scania (coinvolti anche territori svedesi). Movimento indipendentista tedesco nel Nord Schlewig. Movimento indipendentista nelle Isole Faroe. Movimento indipendentista nella Groenlandia. Movimento indipendentista a Bornholm. Ab. 5.050.000---5.500.000 Coefficiente natalità: 19,6% Coefficiente mortalità: 11,4% Danesi (96%) Tedeschi Svedesi Turchi Inglesi Norvegesi Faroesi Lingua Nazionale/Ufficiale: Danese=Danish Alfabetizzazione: 99% Ciechi: 10.000 Sordi: 320.000 (con 20 Istituzioni) Pagina 1 di 22 DANIMARCA Indice di diversità: 0.05 Chirmangichi=Kirmanjki Croati (5,000) Danese=Danish=Dansco=Dansk=Danese Centrale=Central Danish=Siellandese= Siaelland (5.000.000) Danese Gitano=Danese Zingaro=Gitano=Zingaro=Traveller Danish=Rodi= Rotvelo=Rotwelsch
    [Show full text]
  • From the Viking Age to the Middle Ages
    Part III: Ritual Actions in Different Areas of Confrontation Hostages in peace processes The purpose of this part of the book is to elucidate how the giv- ing and taking of hostages can be understood within a ceremony (or several ceremonies). The analysis must in part be carried out as a reconstruction because the medieval writers sometimes saw the giving and taking of hostage as irrelevant during negotiations: there were more important events to describe, such as the con- version of heathens. At the same time it is important to under- stand the use of a hostage as a major or essential part of a wider context: the peace process. The central parts of ceremonies are also analysed in this part, the treatment of the hostages, and how they were valued as persons. These ceremonial patterns may have taken altering expressions – regulations, and procedures – in dif- ferent areas of confrontation and must therefore be understood by identifying their contextual factors. Initially Anglo-Saxon areas of confrontation are described and analysed, as well as some other contexts. In particular, it is emphasized that there were specific conditions for each individual conflict, with a subsequent peace, where personal interests may have been decisive for the outcome as well as other social mechanisms related to competitive group- ings. Additional examples will also be taken from other confron- tational areas involving Scandinavians: the Carolingian Empire, Denmark, and Norway. How to cite this book chapter: Olsson, S. 2019. Ritual Actions in Different Areas of Confrontation. In: Olsson, S. The Hostages of Northmen: From the Viking Age to the Middle Ages.
    [Show full text]