Our 25Th Year

Je Me Souviens 50 Spring 2003 Je Me Souviens

A Publication of the American-French Genealogical Society Our 25th Year

Volume 26 Number 1

Spring 2003

Jean-Baptiste RAYMOND and Marie-Anne MATANE Married at St. Anne Church, Fall River MA, 27 February 1911 AMERICAN-FRENCH GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY Post Office Box 830 Woonsocket, Rhode Island 02895-0870

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COPYRIGHT Je Me Souviens is © 2003 by the American-French Genealogical Society. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any way without written permission of the A.F.G.S. I.S.S.N.: 0195-7384 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 2, Number 1 — Spring 2003

AFGS Mission Statement ...... 2 President’s Message ...... 3 The Martin Family in Acadia ...... 5 Do You Have a French Surname? Meet Your Great- Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother .15 Pensees d’Une Canadienne…Loin De Ses Foyers… 21 Bye Bye Bachelorhood ...... 23 Member’s Corner ...... 26 The Latour Dit Forgit Family in New England ...... 27 Le Perche...... 34 Discovery and Connections on Québec Tour ...... 46 The Godefroy Family -A Continuing Story ...... 66 AFGS Presents the 25th Silver Anniversary Member Pedigree Book ...... 78 Genealogical Materials & Publications For Sale...... 80 New Books on the Library Shelves...... 90 Member’s Corner ...... 94 100 Years Ago ...... 100 Authors’ Guidelines ...... 102 AFGS Research Policy ...... 106 Index To This Issue ...... 107 Parting Shots ...... 112

1 AFGS Mission Statement

The mission of the American-French Genealogical Society is:

— To collect, preserve and publish genealogical, historical and biographical matter relating to Americans of French and French-Cana- dian descent.

— To play an active part in the preservation of French-Canadian heritage and culture in the United States.

— To establish and maintain a reference library and research center for the benefit of its members.

— To hold meetings for the instruction of its members.

— To disseminate information of value to its members by way of a regularly published journal and other appropriate means.

— To disseminate genealogical and historical information to the general public, using appropriate means.

2 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

Roger Bartholomy, President

I don’t know what the golden on the library computers. years will bring, but I do know that the silver years have brought growth, sta- I have recently completed the bility and recognition that, I can well scanning of all the Canadian repertoires imagine, goes beyond the dreams of our at the library creating a digitized backup founding members. I will not review the of these resources in the event that history of our great Society for that was something terrible might happen to one eloquently done by our former presi- of them, or heaven forbid, all of them. dents in the Spring 1998 issue of the Volunteers are needed to bookmark (in- JMS on the occasion of our Twentieth dex) them on Adobe Acrobat and then Anniversary. Their reminiscences bear they, too, can be added to our library witness to the AFGS’ birth, early steps computers. and then striding gait in its second de- cade. The last five years have seen us We have a Lending Library man- taking giant steps as we continue to aged by Gene Arsenault. This service grow. allows our members who cannot visit the library to conduct their own re- Let me list some of our notable search by borrowing fiche. The Lend- accomplishments. After purchasing the ing Library catalog contains listings of copyrights to all the Drouin Dictionar- over 7,000 fiche, and it continues to ies, we set ourselves the task of scan- grow. ning these extensive resources in order to preserve them and make them We have a presence on the Inter- accessible in a more modern format. net through our award-winning Website All three versions The Blue (Male) and produced and continuously maintained the Orange (Female) and the Red by Bill Pommenville. Members may (1760-1608) may now be accessed on now submit research requests, renew the computers at the library. In addition, membership, purchase products, read the Red Drouin may be purchased as a our newsletter and access links on line. CD so that you may research on your home computer. Our Cultural Committee chaired by Norm Deragon has been busy plan- All of the repertoires published ning our 25th Anniversary Gala and is by the AFGS have also been scanned and seeking members who are interested in indexed and are available for research working to expand our cultural offer- 3 ings. In the future we would like to ini- to add to our resources, both through tiate teleconferencing with genealogi- purchasing and publishing of reper- cal societies in Canada, organize film toires. She and her library committee festivals and speaking programs, and have reorganized the library making forge ties with other French-Canadian optimum use of our space. groups. We have forged an alliance with We have established a Capital La Société Généalogique de Québec Funds Campaign to purchase a perma- at Laval University in Ste. Foy, QC; and nent home for the AFGS. Co-chaired by last September we organized our first George and Theresa Perron, to-date the historical tour to Québec City. Be sure campaign has reached one–third of its to read about our tour in an article in goal of $300,000. this issue written by member Al Poulin.

We continue to gather birth, mar- Words cannot express our grati- riage and death records from all the tude to those early visionaries who pre- communities in the Blackstone River served our French-Canadian history and Valley National Heritage Corridor. Bill culture through the founding of our Beaudoin has made it his mission to Society. We have achieved international visit every library and town hall in these acclaim because of our dedicated vol- Corridor communities explaining this unteers who over the years have de- worthwhile project and encouraging voted their time, talents, and energy to participation in reaching our goal. the AFGS. May our Society continue to be blessed with leaders and mem- Under the leadership of Roger bers who will keep us moving forward Beaudry and Paul Delisle we continue to even greater accomplishments. to be involved in the Rhode Island Cem- etery Transcription Project. Bonne vingt-cinquième anniversaire, mes amis! Librarian Jan Burkhart continues

Things My Mother Taught Me

My mother taught me about ANTICIPATION... “Just wait untin your father gets home!”

My mother taught me about RECEIVING... “You are going to get it when we get home!”

And my all time favorite thing - JUSTICE... “One day you will have kids, and I hope they turn out just like YOU...then you’ll see what it’s like!”

4 The Martin Family in Acadia

by: George L. Findlen

Editor’s Note: In his cover let- and (3) that Barnabé MARTIN [est le] ter accompanying this article, the au- fils de Robert MARTIN et de Marguer- thor cites an error in the Dictionnaire ite LANDRY.”1 These statements (a) National des Canadiens-Français that make Pierre and Robert brothers and has led to many similar errors in fam- (b) make Barnabé the son of Robert and ily genealogies. Mr. Findlen discov- nephew of Pierre. Only LANCTÔT’s ered this error in the identity of the first claim, that Pierre is the son of Martin family in Acadie, and pub- René and Étienne, is substantiated by a lished an article in Les Cahiers du marriage entry in the register of Saint- Société Historique Acadienne in June Germain-de-Bourgueil. (Bourgueil is a 2001 under the title A Note on the Fa- village in the current Département de ther of Acadian Barnabé Martin, Ances- L’Indre et Loire between Tours and tor of New Brunswick Martins. Our Saumur in France. In the early seven- thanks go to the author for his kind teenth century, the village was a part of permission to reprint his article. Anjou.)

Individuals interested in the Established and respected dictio- Acadian Martins have long wondered if naries also publish the error and thus Pierre MARTIN and Barnabé MARTIN, extend it. One is the Dictionnaire Na- the two MARTIN men first found in tional des Canadiens-Français Port-Royal in the 1671 census, are re- (1608-1760). The entry for “MARTIN, lated. They have also wondered who Barnabé,” lists his parents as “Robert Barnabé’s father is. Several published [Martin] et Marguerite Landry de genealogical compilations have an- France.”2 Since the Dictionnaire is so swered both questions. Unfortunately, well known, and its first edition came no official document exists which jus- out in 1965, we have had the past 35 tifies their answers. years for the error to be copied by con- scientious hobbyists who copy exactly One compilation is Léopold what the trusted reference tome gives LANCTÔT’s Familles acadiennes. In them. it, the author declares (1) that “Pierre Martin [est le] fils de René MARTIN The effects of the above serious et d’Étiennette PAYRIER,” (2) that publications shows up in informal ge- “Robert MARTIN [est le] fils de René nealogies which perpetuate the view MARTIN et d’Étiennette PAYRIER,” that Robert is the brother of Pierre and 5 the father of Barnabé. Remember Us: marriage record for Robert MARTIN Historical, Biographical, Pictorial, an in the register of Saint-Germain-de- updated, privately printed family gene- Bourgueil – or anywhere else in France alogy, devotes three paragraphs to Rob- – for the period between 1630 and ert MARTIN, “the son of René Martin 1665 when he was likely born and mar- and Éstiennette Poyrier.”3 The writers ried. (Pierre MARTIN was baptized and do not provide a source for their data. married at Saint-Germain-de-Bour- Since major research libraries collect gueil.) family histories like this one, the un- substantiated answers to my two open- 2. There is no Robert MARTIN ing questions will continue being per- included in any baptism, marriage, or petuated every time an enthusiastic de- burial entry in the registers for Saint- scendant pulls down the volume and Jean-Baptiste, the church at Port-Royal. bolts for the copy machine. The reason is simple: most of us treat what is in 3. There is no Robert MARTIN print as true, or it would not have been in the first census of Port-Royal in printed in the first place. Thus future 1671. genealogy buffs using library collections of privately printed family gene- 4. Barnabé MARTIN first shows alogies done by less-than-careful enthu- up in the 1671 census of Port-Royal siasts, more formal compilations like residents with a wife and two children, Léopold LANCTÔT’s, reference works one 4 years old and a second 8 months like the Dictionnairre are likely to re- old. peat this error as gospel. The error has been so often repeated that we might 5. The name, Robert MARTIN, is even call it the Apocryphal Gospel of among the signatures on the 16 August Saint Martin! 1654 surrender document of Port- Royal to the New England forces un- One serious genealogist. C.-J. der Major Robert SEDGEWICK. All d’ENTREMONT, addressed the matter the English signatures are in a separate in an article published in the journal for column, and Robert MARTIN’s signa- Martin descendants.4 The article in- tures is in the column of English names. formed Acadian Martin family members that the available documents do not sup- Careful genealogists like Ste- port the connection made between phen WHITE, a lawyer by training, draw Pierre and Barnabé or between Barnabé only those conclusions which can be and Robert. It is time to repeat his mes- supported by official documents. sage. WHITE’s Dictionnaire généaligique des familles acadiennes (Moncton, Here are the facts; sources for NB: Centre d’etudes acadiennes – them will be cited in the following para- Université de Moncton, 1999) (here- graphs. after DGFA) gives us what careful genealogists should: facts from official 1. To date (July 2000), no one has documents and conclusions based on uncovered and reported a baptismal or logical deductions necessitated by the 6 facts in those official documents. His tells us how that went for Marie- entry for Barnabé MARTIN in the Josèphe MARTIN: “La déclaration à DGFA is a model for all genealogists.5 Belle-Île-en-Mer de Louis COURTIN, Since no official documents exist in the époux de Marie-Josèphe à Michel à New World which identify Barnabé’s Étienne MARTIN, dit que les père et parents or relatives, WHITE list none. mère d’Étienne s’appelaient René Since the 1671 census says that Bar- MARTIN et Marguerite LANDRY nabé was 35 years old, WHITE con- (Doc. Inéd. vol. III, p. 27).”6 It turns out cludes that he was “n v 1636,” that is, that COURTIN was an Irishman who born about 1636. People who are 35 married Marie in Ireland in 1761. years old in a given year had to be born Marie’s father died when she was only 35 years earlier. Since Barnabé had a six years old, she was only 14 when the four-year-old child in the household, deportation occurred, and her mother WHITE infers that Robert and his wife died during the deportation period. As married no later that “v 1666,” that is, WHITE puts it, “Marie-Josèphe n’avait about 1666, a year before their first aucun répétiteur pour l’aider à remonter child was born. Human gestation usu- au premier Martin de sa lignée en ally takes nine months, so adding a year Acadie.”7 It only makes sense that her to the oldest child’s age gives a reason- recollection was prone to error. able approximation of the latest year the marriage likely occurred. Note that WHITE properly gives more cre- WHITE assumes the couple is married dence to an official document, the reg- and that the children in the household ister of baptisms and marriages at the are theirs, both reasonable assumptions church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste in Port- given their Catholic community. Royal, each entry made at the time of the event, than he gives to a recollec- Good genealogists use the meth- tion over a hundred years later across ods of good historical research. One the Atlantic by someone who had many practice is to look at a variety of state- reasons for not remembering correct ments to find consistency and to evalu- information. ate each for accuracy. Another practice is to give more value to documents cre- WHITE goes on to identify how ated closer to an event than those cre- the error was promulgated. In his ex- ated many years later. Using these prac- planatory notes on the Belle-Île-en- tices, Stephen WHITE has found the Mer declarations, Rameau de SAINT- origin of the error now so widely spread. PÈRE, writing in 1890, states that During the 1755 deportation, some Barnabé “a pu en effet venir de France, Acadians were shipped to England for avec son père Robert Martin” and cites the duration of the war. They were re- the presence of Robert MARTIN’s sig- located in France in 1763 after the war. nature on the 1654 surrender document Some of them were settled in Belle-Île- as the basis for his conclusion.8 This en-Mer in Brittany where an effort was one act of sloppy scholarship has been undertaken to reconstruct a register of repeated ever since.9 their baptisms, marriages, and deaths from their memories. In DGFA, WHITE Although WHITE’s work uncov- 7 ers the root source of the error, we are before 1700.12 Many different MAR- still left with this question to resolve: TINs came to New France in its early who is the Robert MARTIN who signed years, forcing us to question whether the August 1654 surrender document? any two we encounter are related. Is it still possible that he is French, or is he for sure English? The remainder Émile MARTIN’s listing does of this note presents the research I have not include the many MARTINs who done with accompanying reasoning to came from several countries and answer these two interrelated questions. settled in the American colonies from New England through the Carolinas. First, we must look to the MAR- Filby and Meyer’s Passenger and Im- TIN surname itself. Some surnames are migration Lists Index lists three pages reasonably limited to one language or of MARTINs who came to the New country. Other surnames are found in World, several in the seventeenth cen- many countries. MARTIN, it turns out, tury.13 One was Robert MARTIN who is one of the latter. The Encyclopedia came to New England a year ahead of of American Family Names tells us that Pierre MARTIN’s arrival in Acadia. the surname has “Czeck, Danish, Dutch, (More on him later.) From this infor- English, Flemish, French, German, Irish, mation alone about the surname, we Norwegian, Scottish” origins.10 And that must at least conclude the possibility does not include English, French, Ital- that the Robert MARTIN who signed ian, German, Swedish, and Dutch trans- the 1654 surrender document is of formations and cognates (such as Mar- some nationality other than French. ten, Martineau, Martinelli, Martenssen, Martensson, and Martens). MARTIN is Second, we must look to the not a rare surname. documentation available for Port-Royal residents during the years Barnabé’s Not only is the MARTIN surname father could have been there. Milton P. found in at least ten European countries, RIEDER and Norma GAUDET- it is very common in New France dur- RIEDER have translated the registers ing the seventeenth and eighteenth cen- of Saint-Jean-Baptiste in Port-Royal turies. The Programme de recherche for the years 1702 through 1740. They en démographie historique (PRDH) at are published in three, indexed volumes. the Université de Montréal has deter- The only MARTIN with a first name mined that the MARTIN surname is the beginning with “R” in any of their three 12th most common surname among the volumes is “René.”14 more than 710,000 individuals found on a record in Québec between 1621 and It is wise to look at someone 1799.11 Work done by Émile MARTIN else’s work for confirmation. Bona indicates that there are many distinct ARSENAULT used Acadian church reg- lines of MARTIN ancestors in New isters and censuses for his Histoire et France. He has uncovered 55 separate Généalogie des Acadiens.15 To make branches of MARTINs in the Canadian use of his multi-volume work easier. Maritimes. All 55 branches originate Phoebe CHAUVIN-MORRISON cre- from France, and 20 of those 55 came ated an index, organizing it by settle- 8 ment location. An examination of each conclusive evidence that Robert MAR- of her indexes also shows that the only TIN was not among the long-term resi- given name beginning in “R” is “René,” dents of Port-Royal in the 1636-1671 and that at Port-Royal.16 Thus, AR- period when the settlement was becom- SENAULT’s work supports an exami- ing established and Barnabé MARTIN nation of the two REIDERs’ work, and was beginning his family. The absence we must conclude there is no extant of the name in the church registers and document showing that a Robert MAR- censuses also suggests that no Robert TIN lived in Acadia in the seventeenth MARTIN ever lived at Port-Royal be- century. tween 1636, when d’AULNAY’s group came over on the Saint Jehan, and Yet another resource to check is 1755, when the Acadians were deported. The French Canadians, 1600-1900. It It is hypothetically possible that a is a database assembled by the Genea- French Robert MARTIN lived at Port- logical Research Library of references Royal briefly, but the documents cur- to individuals in archived documents. rently available do not let us conclude The earliest date that the name Robert that. MARTIN shows up in the database is in 1871 in St. Epiphane.17 Two years later, Third, we must look at documen- in a companion volume, The Atlantic tation found in New England. And there Canadians, 1600-1900, we find the we find a Robert MARTIN among those earliest date that the name Robert MAR- who laid siege to the fort at Port-Royal TIN shows up is 1783, and that Robert in late July 1654. To see how this Rob- was likely English since the record says ert MARTIN showed up at Port-Royal he was a “loyalist.”18 The first instance in 1654, we need to look at the docu- of a Robert MARTIN who could be an ments leading up to the attack. Acadian is “MARTIN, Robert, farmer, living in 1896 in Madawaska County,”19 In 1652, England and Holland and he came on the scene almost 300 were at war, and New England colonists years too late to be Barnabé’s father. All were worried that the Dutch in New other instances of a Robert MARTIN York would enlist the aid of Indian al- in both publications are in the late lies to attack the English. Robert 1800s. Had a record existed, Elliot, the SEDGWICK, commander of the mili- editor, would have picked it up as he did tia at Massachusetts Bay Colony, went for “MARTIN, René, living in 1671 in to England to seek help in the winter of Port Royal NS (Acadian)” (II,2066). 1652/1653. He returned with four war Here too, we are forced to conclude ships and orders from Oliver CROM- that there was no Robert MARTIN in WELL, the Protector, to recruit a force Acadia in the seventeenth century. of volunteers from the four New En- gland colonies (Massachusetts Bay, The absence of Robert MARTIN Plymouth, New Haven, and Connecti- in the registers of Saint-Jean-Baptiste, cut) to attack the Dutch at New York. in the censuses taken of Port-Royal The first sentence of his orders, issued residents, or in other archival docu- on 8 February 1653, reads, “You are to ments available to researchers is fairly take under your care and direction for 9 this present expedition, and according glory of his owne name, and good of to the Instructions following, the ships his people!”22 Black Raven, Hope, Church, and Augus- tine…”20 He circulated a letter from Earlier in the same letter, LE- CROMWELL to each of the governors VERETT identified two of the ship cap- and each sought volunteers for the ex- tains as “captain Martin, in the Hope … pedition against the Dutch. However the and captain Harrison in the Church.”23 expedition did not get started in a timely way because of the loss at sea of a ship When we look at the signatures bearing extra masts for his ships, and he on the surrender document for Port- had to have replacements made. On 1 Royal, we find that Rev. Père Léonard July 1654, Robert SEDGWICK wrote DE CHARTRES, Robert BOURGEOIS, a letter to CROMWELL of the hold-up and Guillaume TROUËN [TRAHAN], due to the loss of the ships carrying resigned in one column, while Robert placement masts and that a ship had ar- SEDGEWICK, Robert SALEM, Marke rived from England which “brought HARRISON, Robert MARTIN, and Ri- newes of peace” with the Dutch just as chard MORSE all in another column.24 he was about to sail against New York. We already know that two of the En- He then writes, “Our shippes being pro- glish signers, MARTIN and vided and fitted for the former designe, HARRISON, are the captains of the and our ladeing not readye, it was ships Hope and Church; it is likely that thought best acording to our commis- MORSE and SALEM are the captains sion, to spend a lyttle tyme in ranging of the ships Augustine and Black the coast against the French, who use Raven. The copy of the capitulation tradinge and fishinge hearaboute. The document in the Archives Nationales shippes are to sayle next faire winde, if indicates that the document was “fait God permitt.”21 Three days later, on 4 et passé ce seizième d’aoust mil six July 1654, John LEVERETT, who cent cinquatre quartre, stile de forme à worked with Robert SEDGWICK to pre- bord du Navire L’amiral nommé pare the expedition against the Dutch, L’auguste, etant ancré dans la Rivière wrote to CROMWELL to say that, et devant le fort du Port Royal.”25 Thus from LEVERETT’s letter, we know that “The major Sedgwicke haveing all four ships sent from England by received commission and instructions Oliver CROMWELL, the Church, the from the honorable generalls of the fleet Hope, the Augustine, and the Black and the commissioners of the admiralty, Raven, participated in the attack and for the seizeing upon the ships of any that the captain of one of them is Rob- of the subjects of the French king; by ert MARTIN. From the surrender docu- vertue of which, and other consider- ment itself, we know that it was writ- ations afore-mentioned, major Robert ten on board one of the ships, the Au- Sedgwicke is this day set sail with a fair gustine. What these documents tell us wind to the French coast, haveing the is that the Robert MARTIN who signed Augustine, Church, Hope, and a small the 1654 surrender document at Port- catch [the Black Raven], whom the Royal is definitely English. Lord in mercye direct and prosper to the 10 To allay future speculation, we in 1654 he was appointed to the com- must look at the Robert MARTIN who mand of the Plymouth forces, consist- lived in New England and who was a ing of about sixty men, destined to act contemporary of Pierre MARTIN and in concert with the Massachusetts and Barnabé MARTIN in Acadia. Robert Connecticut troops, against the Narra- MARTIN,26 age 44, and his wife, gansett Indians and the Dutch, who had Joanna, also age 44, were on a list of combined to destroy all the English passengers from Badcombe, England, people in these parts. The news of peace to Boston, New England, in March between England and Holland, which 1635. He was a surveyor who was reached America in June, rendered the elected townsman (selectman) several expedition unnecessary; and the troops times to manage the affairs of the vil- were discharged. It is also proper to lage of Rehoboth; Robert and his wife mention, as it shows the confidence the Joanna were among the village’s found- magistrates of Plymouth colony had in ing families in 1644. We know that Capt. Standish, that he was sent to Bos- Robert was alive when SEDGWICK at- ton, in the spring of the same year, to tacked Port-Royal, for he did not die consult with Major Sedgwick, ap- until six years later, when “A true and pointed commander in chief, respect- pfect Inventory of the lands goods and ing the proposed expedition against the Chattles of Robert Martin of Rehoboth Indians and Dutch.”28 Deceased [was] taken this 19th Day of the fift month Commonly Called June Robert MARTIN would have been [sic.] in the year 1660.”27 63 at the time of the attack on Port- Royal. Thus his age may have permit- Since Robert MARTIN was alive ted him to be excused from serving. In and a civic leader when Major SEDG- any event, since the Plymouth Colony WICK sought to raise a force of 500 men “were discharged” after news of men from the colonies, we must look peace with the Dutch arrived, it is un- at whether Robert MARTIN of Reho- likely that this Robert MARTIN was at both, in Plymouth Colony, was among Port-Royal fighting on the English side. those who sailed with SEDGWICK to Port-Royal. However, it would not ap- In sum, we know that the MAR- pear that Robert MARTIN was among TIN surname is common in ten coun- the expedition’s members. The basis for tries and very common in seventeenth this inference comes from a lengthy century New France. That fact alone letter written on 25 August 1820 by forces us to suspect that any two given Alden BRADFORD, a descendent of MARTINS in the New World may not the first governor of Plymouth Colony, be related. We also know that there is to John DAVIS, then president of the no documentation which would put a Massachusetts Historical Society. In his French Robert MARTIN in Port-Royal letter, BRADFORD writes, in the middle 50 years of the seventeenth century, whereas we do have “In 1653, a period of great alarm, documentation that the first time French Capt. [Myles] Standish was one of the (not English) MARTIN parents named council of war in Plymouth colony; and a son Robert in Eastern Canada is in the 11 late nineteenth century. Those twin facts 7. Details about Marie-Josèphe come from force us to reject speculation that there Steven A. White’s article, “Corrections aux was a Robert MARTIN in Port-Royal in ‘Notes explicatives, sur les déclarations des the 1600s. Finally, we have documenta- Acadiens conservées à Belle-Isle-en-Mer, et les Établissements des premiers colons de tion to support the fact that an English l’Acadie’ de Edmée Rameau de Saint-Père,” Captain Robert MARTIN of the ship Les Cahiers de la Société historique Hope accompanied SEDGWICK on his acadienne, 15 (1984), 116-121. The section expedition against the three French forts of White’s article dealing with Martins is on in 1654 and was a signer of the surren- pages 119-120. der document with his fellow English 8. Edmée Rameau de Saint-Père, “Notes navy captains. Given the information at explicatives, sur les déclarations des hand, careful thinkers should conclude Acadiens conservées à Belle-Isle-en-Mer, et (a) that no French Robert MARTIN lived les établissements des premiers colons de l’Acadie,” Le Canada-Français, Collec- at Port-Royal in the seventeenth century tions de documents inédit sur le Canada et and (b) that the Robert MARTIN whose l’Amerique (Québec: Imprimerie de L.-J. signature is on the 1654 capitulation Demers & Frère, 1890), vol. III, p. 141, as document is English. quoted by White in his “Corrections aux ‘Notes exlicatives’” article, p. 119. That leaves us with one question 9. White cites two works that Upper Saint yet unanswered, and I end this note with John Valley Acadians turn to with regularity: Father d’ENTREMONT’s answer to it in Henri Langlois, Dic-tionnaire généalogique his 1988 note cited above: “Que donc du Ma-dawaska (Saint-Basile: Ernest Lang, 1971), IV, 93, and Adrien Bergeron, Le était en réalité le père de Barnabé Mar- Grande arrangement des Acadiens au tin et comment était-il parent avec Québec (Montréal: Les Éditions Elysée, Pierre Martin? Je ne sais pas.” 1981), vol VI, p. 29. 10. H. Amanda Robb and Andrew Chesler, References eds. Encyclopedia of American Family 1. Léopold Lanctôt, Familles acadiennes Names (New York: Harper Collins, 1994), p. (Ottawa: Éditions du Libre-Échange, 1994), 425. vol. II, pp.160, 166, 167. 11. See the top 50 surnames at http:// 2. Dictionnaire national des Canadiens- www.genealogie.umontreal.ca/en/ Français (1608-1760), éditions revisée NomsPrenoms.htm. (Montréal: Institut Généalogique Drouin, 12. Émile Martin, “Souches des familles 1985), vol. II, p. 910. ‘Martin’ en Nouvelle France,” Entre Nous, 3. Lucien T. and Melba B. Martin, Remember les Martin, 9 (September 1990), 144-155. Us: Historical, Biographical, Pictorial (np: 13. P. William Filby and Mary K. Meyer, eds., np, nd), p. 128. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index: A 4. C.-J. d’Entremont, “Les pionniers des Guide to Published Arrival Records of Martin d’Acadie: Pierre et Barnabé,” Entre about 500,000 Passengers Who Came to Nous, les Martin, 7 (1988), pp. 147-155. the United States and Canada in the 5. Stephen A. White, Dictionnaire Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth généalogique des familles acadiennes Centuries (Detroit: Gale Research, 1981). (Moncton, NB: Centre d’études acadiennes – 14. Milton P. Rieder and Norma Gaudet Université de Moncton, 1999), vol. II, pp. Rieder, Acadian Church Records: Volume 1128-1129. III, Port-Royal, 1702-1721 (Metairie, LA: 6. White, DGFA, II, 1139. His citation is to Le np, 1977), Acadian Church Records: Canada Français. See note 8 below. Volume IV, Port-Royal, 1716-1729 12 (Metairie, LA: np, 1983), Acadian Church Nationales [de France], Colonies (CII D), vol. Records: Volume V, Port-Royal, 1730- I, fol. 98b, copy on file at the Centre d’études 1740 (Metairie, LA: np, 1983). acadiennes, Université de Moncton, Moncton, 15. Bona Arsenault, Histoire et généalogie NB. The reader should note that the des Acadiens, rev. ed. (Québec: Leméac, transcription made by Rameau de Saint-Père 1978). in Une Colonie féodale en Amérique: 16. Phoebe Chauvin Morrison, Index to Bona l’Acadie (1604-1881) (Paris: Librairie Plon, Arsenault’s “Histoire et généalogie des et Montréal: Granger Frères, 1889), vol. II, pp. Acadiens” (Houma, LA: P. C. Morrison, 303-304, is as much excerpt and paraphrase 1990). as it is transcription. The serious reader who 17. Noel Montgomery Elliot, Ed., The French wants the full document will want to work with Canadians, 1600-1900: An Alphabetized a photocopy of the Archives Nationales Directory of the People, Places and Vital document (available in the Archives privées Dates (Toronto: Genealogical Research of the Centre d’études acadiennes, Université Library, 1992), vol. II, p. 2014. de Moncton, Moncton, NB). 18. Noel Montgomery Elliot, Ed., The Atlantic 25. Ibid. Canadians, 1600-1900: An Alphabetized 26. Details of Robert Martin’s life are Directory of the People, Places and Vital provided in Henry Joseph Martin’s Notices, Dates (Toronto: Genealogical Research Geneological and Historical, of the Martin Library, 1994), vol. II, p. 2066. Family of New England, Who Settled at 19. Ibid. Weymouth and Higham in 1635, and were 20. Collections of the Massachusetts among the First Planters of Rehoboth (in Historical Society, Fourth Series (Boston: 1644) and Swansea (in 1667), with Some the Society, 1854), II, 230. Account of Their Descendants (Boston: Lee 21. Thomas Birch, Ed., A collection of the and Shepard, 1880). State Papers of John Thurloe, Esq; 27. Plymouth Colony Records, Volume I, Secretary, First to the Council of State, and Wills and Inventories, 1633-1669, ed. C.H. afterwards to the Two Protectors, Oliver Simmons (Camden, ME:Picton Press, 1996), and Richard Cromwell (London: Thomas p.511. Woodward and Charles Davis, 1742), vol. II, 28. Collections of the Massachusetts p. 419. Historical Society, Second Series (Boston: 22. Ibid., p. 426. the Society, 1843), vol. X, p. 60. 23. Ibid., p. 425. 29. C.-J. d’Entremont, « Les pionniers des 24. “Capitulation de Port-Royal,” Archives Martin d’Acadie… », op. cit., p. 155.

Things it takes most of us 50 years to learn...

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14 Do You Have a French Surname? Meet Your Great-Great-Great-Great- Great-Great-Grandmother

by: John Hill Editor’s note: This article was ture in the Americas. published in the Providence Journal on 12 May 2002, and is reprinted here It was the late 1600s and Louis with permission. Mr. Hill is a staff XIV had a problem. His country was try- writer for that publication. ing to protect its holdings in North America from the encroaching English It’s weird, Jacqueline LONCHAY to the south and angry native inhabit- said, driving through Woonsocket, see- ants all around. ing dozens of people she doesn’t know, thinking that she and they may have a Soldiers sent there were willing great-great-great-great-great-grand- to stay in exchange for land, but it was, mother or two in common. well, lonely. Louis’s ministers realized the best defense was a heavily popu- That’s because if you have a lated, thriving colony. French Canadian surname, it’s almost certain that when you track your family “The soldiers settled, but there is tree back about 400 years, you’ll end no way they are going to stay without up with the Filles du Roi. women,” said Peter GAGNE, author of King’s Daughters and Founding Moth- The Filles du Roi – in English, ers, a two-volume history of the women the King’s Daughters – were about 700 published by Quintin Publications of women who emigrated from France to Pawtucket. Québec between 1663 and 1673. They gave up their lives in the Old World to “They said this is a nice place, but marry men they had never met and spend where are the women?” GAGNE said. the rest of their lives building homes “It’s like when I’m going out with my and raising families in New France. buddies. We go to a bar, we go in, it’s nice but hey, there are no women.” To genealogists, the King’s Daughters are a dynastic mother lode, So the message went out: Quebéc a specific group that has, over genera- needs women. The government became tions, yielded millions of modern-day a matchmaker par excellence, recruit- French-Canadians. To French-Canadi- ing women in their late teens and early ans, they are patriotic icons, revered as 20s from orphanages, poor houses, the the literal mothers of the French cul- petty nobility and country parishes. 15 At first, recruits came from the FAUCONNIER, a 17-year-old cob- cities, but Mother Marie L’IN-CARNA- bler’s daughter from Orleans, whose TION, superior of the Ursuline convent father had died. Or Jeanne DODIER and in Quebéc City where many of the girls Elisabeth DE LAGUERIPIERE, who stayed after their arrival, wrote back that both lost their mothers and fathers city girls didn’t work out as well in the while they were in their early 20s, and countryside. both decided to take a chance on the wilds of New France. “From now on, “ Marie L’IN-CAR- NATION wrote in 1668, “we only want In the 1600s, hunting was a walk to ask for village girls who are as fit for in the woods, GAGNE said. But house- work as men, experience having shown work was brutal. that those who are not raised [in the countryside] are not fit for this coun- “They had to do everything,” he try.” said of the frontier women. “Like the laundry, they had to do it with these Aesthetics did enter into the equa- large gigantic cast iron things that had tion. to be put in the fireplace, they had to fill them with water. They had to go out “It would be good to strongly rec- and help with the crops.” ommend that the girls destined for this country not be disfigured by Nature in LONCHAY sat at the kitchen any way, that they have nothing repul- table with her daughter Samantha sive about the exterior,” wrote Inten- BEAUDET, 16, on a warm afternoon dant Jean TALON, the colony’s admin- two weeks ago, studying the genealogi- istrator, in 1667, “that they be strong and cal charts of their family and the short healthy for country work or that they at biographies of the King’s Daughters least have some aptitude for household they had found. chores.” Sitting in a heated house with a Many of the women knew what television and VCR ensconced in the kind of life they had to look forward to corner of the living room, LONCHAY in France and it wasn’t pretty. More than said she could not even conceive of how half of the King’s Daughters had lost her forebears endured those early years. one or both parents, GAGNE said, and many were living in charitable institu- “You wonder what the hardships tions with little hope of advancing in were like,” LONCHAY said. “ . . . Did society. they have houses built? Did they have neighbors? Were you 10 miles from the Others were from large rural nearest neighbor? If someone was sick, peasant families and welcomed the what did you do? chance for a new start on a farm of their own. “Losing a child now, you can’t comprehend it,” she said, as she imag- They were women like Jeanne ined Jeanne FAUCONNIER, burying 16 her newborn daughter, or Jeanne The inquisition/courtship inter- AMIOT, seeing five of her eight chil- views would occur in the late fall, after dren die before their 13th birthdays. the harvest was in, said Silvia BAR- THOLOMY of the American-French “You wonder how they went on Genealogical Society in Woonsocket, after that,” she said. “I couldn’t go on, which has one of the most extensive picking up my life; and they did it. I don’t archives of French-Canadian genealogi- understand how.” cal records in the country.

Her daughter Samantha said it put By then the recently arrived complaining about having to empty the King’s Daughters would have spent the clothes dryer in a new perspective. previous weeks or months in the care of the Ursline nuns, learning sewing, People in 17th-century France farm tools and how to use herbs for would be astounded by 21st-century medicines. ideas of romantic marriage. Back then, virtually all marriages, from the nobil- The young woman would be ity to the peasantry, were set up by the seated at a table, with a nun on one side two families. Refusal to marry meant a and a notaire – an official recorder for one-way ticket to the convent. any marriage contract – on the other. BARTHOLOMY said the nun and But the King’s Daughters were notaire would be able to offer the different. They had a special right that young woman their own insights. “The other Frenchwomen of their time did nun might lean over and whisper ‘he not: When a man asked a King’s Daugh- drinks,” BARTHOLOMY said. ter to marry, she could say no. Once a woman accepted a pro- For volunteering to move to New posal, the couple would sign a marriage France, a land where men outnumbered contract drawn up by the notaire. It women by about 15 to 1, the king gave would stipulate what each party was these women the right to question their bringing to the marriage, and in case of suitors, and to refuse a proposal if they annulment, the woman would get her found the supplicant inadequate. They goods back. were most interested in whether the man had a house. The men weren’t just looking for companionship. The government of “The smartest [among suitors] New France had its own ways of en- began making a habitation (house) one couraging family values. year before getting married, because those with an habitation find a wife Single men were about as wel- easier,” wrote Marie L’INCARNATION. come as wolves in the new colony, and “It’s the first thing that the girls ask the government used carrots and sticks about, wisely at that, since those who to get them to marry. are not established suffer greatly before being comfortable.” According to Francis PARK- 17 MAN, a late-1800s historian who wrote Many of the women had families about the French in the Americas, men of 6, 8, or 10 children. And if their hus- were given a bounty of 20 livres on top bands died, women of marriageable age of any dowry if they married before the were seldom single for long. And the age of 20. Women got the bounty for shortage of marriageable women some- marrying before age 16. times created complex family structures. Fathers whose children who had not married by the bounty ages were Take Jeanne AMIOT, one of the fined and had to appear before a local King’s Daughters in LONCHAY’s fam- magistrate every six months to explain ily tree. In 1673, at the age of 22, she the delays. Unmarried men were forbid- left St. Pierre de Losne in Burgundy for den to hunt, fish or trade with the na- Québec. That fall she married Nicolas tives or to go into the woods for any PION dit LAFONTAINE, who was 34. reason. They had eight children together.

The single men of the colony got Nicolas was buried on March 3, the message, and after an arrival of 1703, when Jeanne was about 52. The King’s Daughters, there were up to 30 next year she married 26-year-old marriages at a time. François CHICOINE, the son of another King’s Daughter. Jeanne’s son The incentives didn’t end on the Maurice was married to her new hus- wedding day. By royal decree, a couple band François’ sister Thérèse CHI- with 10 children would be given a pen- COINE, which made Jeanne her daugh- sion of 300 livres a year (GAGNE esti- ter-in-law’s sister-in-law. mates that would be roughly $4,200 a year in 2001 dollars, compared to That kind of trail can be traced today’s $2,900 standard per-child in- because of a bureaucratic obsession in come tax deduction); those with 12 got New France that, unlike other colonies, 400 livres. tracked the identities of wives and mothers as meticulously as it did hus- The King’s Daughters program bands and fathers. ended in 1673, GAGNE said, mostly because, at about $1,400 – in 2001 dol- Many of those records are now lars – per daughter in transportation and in this state, in the archives of the dowries, it had gotten expensive. American French Genealogical Soci- ety in Woonsocket. The society is an By then the effort had already lit- internationally recognized research erally begun bearing fruit. In 1670, center, with microfilmed birth, death TALON reported back to Paris that and marriage records from thousands nearly 700 births had been recorded in of village churches throughout Québec the province that year. By 1672, the in its collections. population had grown to 6,700, almost triple the 2,500 who were there in 1660. In the 1860s, French-Canadians began migrating from the farms of 18 Québec to the mills of New England www.quintinpublications.com/ seeking work. Many of them stayed, creating French-Canadian enclaves The Virtual Museum of New throughout the region in such places as France: http:// Woonsocket, West Warwick and Fall www.vmnf.civilization.ca/ River, Mass. The museum’s Filles Du Roi BARTHOLOMY and GAGNE page: http://www.vmnf.civilization.ca/ said the attention paid to women in gen- vmnf/popul/filles/s-fil-en.htm eral and to the King’s Daughters in particular in French-Canadian records La Societe de filles du roi et brings some much-needed balance to soldats du Carignan Inc., (A King’s the history of the Europeans in the Daughters Society): http:// Americas. www.fillesduroi.org/

“Almost all genealogy is about For more on researching ances- men, who founded this town, who dis- tral roots online: http://projo.com/spe- covered this country, passing the name cials/genealogy/ down,” said GAGNE, whose own fam- * * * ily tree has more than 80 King’s Daugh- Books: ters. “This is a way of getting back to the women.” Kings Daughters and Founding Mothers: The Filles du Roi, 1663- “We look back at their time and 1673 by Peter J. GAGNE, published by think things were so weird,” Samantha Quintin Publications, Pawtucket, 2001. BEAUDET said. “Is it going to be weird A history of the King’s Daughters to the next generations coming when that includes short biographies of nearly they look back at us?” all the women as well as charts showing details such as time of arrival and “To think of all the people who husbands. have roots in Canada, so many of us are related,” LONCHAY said. “We’re from The Splendid Century, by W. H. Canada. When you think of this big pic- LEWIS, Doubleday Anchor Books, ture, it’s really neat that your family is 1957. a part of this. Your family did this.” A survey of what life was like in 17th century France, for the nobility * * and the lesser classes. Further reading on the King’s * * * Daughters/Filles Du Roi The marriage contract of Isabelle HUBERT and Louis BOLDUC, circa Internet sites: 1665: “The future spouses shall not be held accountable for the debts and American-French Genealogical mortgages of the other made and cre- Society: http://www.afgs.org/ ated before the solemnity of their mar- Quintin Publications: http:// riage. And if there be any they shall 19 be paid and settled by he who has to bring to her future husband the day made and created them out of his own after their wedding the equivalent of property.” 400 livres for all her furniture, clothes rings and jewelry.” “The future groom takes the said future bride with her rights names rea- Excerpts from King’s Daughters sons and actions in whatever place and Founding Mothers, by Peter J. they may be situated and found. And GAGNE. nonetheless the future bride promises

I am in shape. Round is a shape.

Brain cells come and brain cells go, but fat cells live forever.

Time may be a great healer, but it’s also a lousy beautician.

Never be afraid to try something new. Remember, amateurs built the ark. Professionals built the Titanic.

Conscience is what hurts when everything else feels so good.

Talk is cheap because supply exceeds demand.

Stupidity got us into this mess... why can’t it get us out?

Even if you are on the right track, you’ll get run over if you just sit there.

Politicians and diapers have one thing in common. They should both be changed regularly... and for the same reason.

I don’t mind going nowhere as long as it’s an interesting path.

Anything free is worth what you pay for it.

Indecision is the key to flexibility.

It hurts to be on the cutting edge.

If it ain’t broke, fix it till it is.

In just two days, tomorrow will be yesterday.

I always wanted to be a procrastinator, never got around to it.

I am a nutritional overachiever. 20 Pensees d’Une Canadienne… Loin De Ses Foyers…

by: Ann Maurice (Fournier) On the train to Woonsocket, my The immigrants came from countries nose was buried in Bonier’s The Begin- where people spoke those languages, nings of the Franco-American Colony had certain values and habits, and where in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. I was homes smelled of a certain cuisine. But going home. They say we French Cana- I was the only one who was “French dians wander but that we always come Canadian”. What did that mean? For back. Is that what was happening to me? my generation, the pressure was to as- While not technically from Rhode Is- similate, which meant not to notice, not land, not one of the soil, I am for sure to dwell on ethnicity. And anyway, how one of the soul. My father was born in could I know, I was out of context. There Canada, and grew up in Woonsocket. weren’t any other French Canadians He made sure his children all knew that. around. While far from his birthplace, our home in New York – a wood frame house with The train finally rolled into Provi- its vegetable garden, spoke of his ori- dence. I marveled at the style of the gins. buildings which filled me with nostal- gia, with memories of my distant youth. What was it to be French Cana- Here in Providence, wood-frame and dian? To be truthful, I wasn’t sure. In brick blend into a comfortable theme. New York City I was surrounded by So that’s it, my first clue: my wood immigrants. We all had idiosyncracies, frame house with a white picket fence at least that was what they called them. – just like home in Rhode Island. Little did I know that my friends’ grandparents came from the Old Country – By car now with the maps in my whole nations of people who spoke and lap. Highway 95 to 146 to uh, oh where behaved the way they did. Their speech, am I? A sign says this way to a Mu- their manner, their style, were more seum… Might as well… I’m tired of than individual peculiarities or per- driving. I opened the door and walked sonal quirks. I was observing in my smack into “La Survivance” – the de- friends’ behavior, the culture of their termination of French Canadian immi- parents’ or grandparents’ country of grants to remember and retain, persist origin. I was surrounded by Italian bak- and preserve, to acknowledge and ca- eries, Greek restaurants and Jewish ress their language and culture, the core delicatessens. Slowly I realized what it of their identity. The Woonsocket Mu- meant to be Italian, Greek or Jewish. seum of Work and Culture, the story of 21 the deep commitment of a people to in the parade of French Canadians that remember the joys and sufferings of stumbled upon the Museum of Work those who came before. Why that’s me and Culture to be moved deeply by the they’re talking about – trying to look message of La Survivance? back at the past in order to understand the present and the future. How did they My next stop was the train sta- know I was coming? Who told them this tion, now home of the Blackstone museum of culture history is just what I River National Heritage Corridor; then was looking for? on to a delightful reunion with family, sharing photos and anecdotes of days Here’s a classroom just like my gone by; then on to my new friends at father’s. Maybe this was his desk, his the American-French Genealogical inkwell, his reader. There’s a beautiful Society in Woonsocket, with their replica of the Church of the Precious good humor and passion genealogical Blood. Experience the Past in a New study. Thank-you Sylvia Bartholomy England Textile City: the noise of the and Robert Pelland for your genial hos- mills and the stories of the working pitality and for giving your time so gen- people. Oh how I wish he were here with erously to help trace branches of my me. He would have loved it. It would family tree. They treated my quest with have brought tears to his eyes as there enthusiasm and love for genealogical were in mine. research speeding through pages in volumes and microfilm to track down in- How nice of them to make this formation with the lightning speed of museum just for me, for my quirk, my the professional. I could hardly keep idiosyncracy, for my peculiar desire to up. I can’t wait to come back for their reconnect with my family’s past – to see guidance and to enjoy their entertain- it, hear it, touch it. But wait, could it be ing and amusing anecdotes, and to lose that this peculiar desire to reconnect, myself among the pages of history so to remember, to reminisce wasn’t so carefully shelved in the Society library. peculiar after all? Was it like an Italian’s peculiar desire for lasagna, a Greek’s As one more descendant of the yearning for spanikopita? Could it be families of the Richelieu Valley of that to remember is as French Canadian Québec, who emigrated centuries ago as meat pie? Was sentimentality over from the parishes surrounding Little Rhody like maple sugar of the Mortagne au Perche, and other parts of soul? Could it be that I am just one more western France, Je me Souviens…

I am having an out-of-money experience.

I plan on living forever. So far, so good.

I’m not afraid of heights, just afraid of widths.

Practice safe eating, always use condiments.

22 Bye Bye Bachelorhood

by: Albert Boissonneault

Editor’s note: The following is made it difficult for me to keep my taken from the book, Je Me Souviens mind on the parade. When we finally – A Family Remembrance, by Albert arrived at the Arena, we sat near each Boissonneault, and is serialized here other and I found out that her name was with his widow’s permission. This is Ellie (christened Helen Louise) VAN the sixteenth installment in the series. VALKENBURG. A resident of Arling- Mr. Boissonneault’s book is in the ton, she belonged to that town’s Air AFGS Library. Force Association and since only three of them were marching, they had joined While I had been trying to secure our group. Of course I had vaguely heard the position of treasurer at Grafton of Arlington, but just barely. I knew that State Hospital an event occurred that the end of the Boston Elevated lines was to drastically change my life. going west ended at Arlington Heights but where that was I had no idea. Bos- October 17, 1947, was a beauti- ton was an insular town in those days. ful fall day; the weather could not have been better. On that day a patriotic pro- After the speeches and orations gram had been planned in Boston to were completed we decided to go to a commemorate the first return to this Waldorf restaurant for coffee, a snack, country of the body of a deceased vet- and lots of conversation. (You can see eran from World War II. A parade was the importance of the Waldorf in my to be held along Huntington Avenue, life.) After that we went to a nearby ending at the Boston Arena, just off movie. When we came out we walked Massachusetts Avenue. Several veter- to Commonwealth Avenue and for ans groups were participating along with awhile we sat on a park bench and got peppy high school bands and any civic to know one another. I found out that organizations that desired to take part. she was almost 16 years younger than I decided that I would put on my army me, and that she was an Episcopalian. uniform (it still fitted me then) and The difference in age I thought was or march with the Air Force Association, would be more of an obstacle to any which I had recently joined. serious relationship than the religion. Although I had a Catholic upbringing, I As I marched along briskly, a had long ceased to practice that religion young WAC sergeant was marching di- so I did not consider that difference of rectly in front of me and watching her any great importance. 23 When she decided that she should steaks, roasts and even lamb chops (the return to Arlington, we were still not last of which I happily passed up.) Our talked out and I accompanied her on the cook baked bread and rolls, and all trip. We had to take the subway to Park kinds of deliciously fattening pies and Street, change there for the subway to pastries, so all of us living there en- Harvard Square and then transfer to a joyed a pretty good life. I did not have trolley headed for Arlington Heights. It far to go to work, as my office was on seemed to be a long ride and it really the first floor next to that of the Su- was. We finally arrived at Bartlett Av- perintendent. The only drawback was enue, a couple of miles from the end of that the hospital was about ten miles the line. When I alighted from the street from the city of Worcester with its car, I thought that I would be in a farm- movies and stores; there were no stores ing area – but lo and behold, I was still near the hospital. I could have used a in what we refer to as civilization. We state car had I wanted to, but they had proceeded to walk at least half a mile to be returned to the garage by 5:00 up a long street. On either side of the p.m. and as I worked until that time, street were lovely old homes with what their use for me was not practical. The appeared to be well kept lawns and books were in sad shape and most shrubbery. Of course her home was on nights I went back to work after the top of the hill, where else. I left her there evening meal, staying until 8:00 p.m. I and I went back down the hill to take the would then read a newspaper of maga- street car what would, after a long and zine for an hour or so, afterwards climb- tedious trip, take me back to Boston and ing the stairs alone to my sitting room. home to Roxbury. Perhaps I might listen to the radio for an hour or so, before showering and Soon after my meeting with Ellie, bedding down. After a good night’s I started my new position as treasurer sleep, I usually arose at 7:00 a.m., at Grafton State Hospital, which was shaved, and went downstairs for a lei- situated in North Grafton. Since this po- surely breakfast. sition required that I live at the hospital, I was given two rooms on the third I did not return to Boston again floor of the administration building. I until about six weeks after I started to lived at one end of the building and four work. At Christmas I spent the day with or five psychiatrists lived at the other my father and Grace. I had sent a Christ- end. Like myself they were all single mas card to Ellie and she sent me a little men and we had all of our meals on the note after the holidays. I then wrote her first floor of the building. We had a spe- a letter and made a date to see her in cial cook and waitress, and since the Boston, where we went to the movies. hospital had a large farm where cows, I accompanied her to her home that pigs and chickens were raised, all of our night and met her mother and sister. We food was certainly very good and fresh. had a few more dates during that spring We were supplied with all the milk and (1948) and in May, she went to visit her eggs that we wanted. The farm animals grandmother and her Aunt Ruth in New were butchered on the premises so we Jersey. When she was due to return, I had fresh chicken, ham, pork chops, took the bus down there and met Ellie 24 at their home. We came back together my shoulder; this was a recurrence of on the late Sunday night bus. I got off an injury that had happened while in the in Worcester and took a local bus to the Air Corps in England. George had to hospital, and after shaving and shower- take me to the hospital where they set ing, went to work. We saw each other the shoulder and strapped it. I remained on and off during the summer. I was in the hospital one night. With my close to 16 years older than she so I shoulder in a sling, I could not look for held back from becoming too serious, work so it was a fruitless week as far as although she did not seem to mind the my goal was concerned. Disappoint- age difference as much as I did. Finally edly, I took the train back to Grafton, during that summer I bought her a ring determined to go back to Detroit when and we became engaged. I resigned in September.

The prospect of becoming mar- I did return to Detroit around La- ried influenced my decision to leave the bor Day (1948) but by that time my hospital, as there were no rents avail- stepbrother George had quit his job able in the area. Dr. Paine said that he because his employer had not per- would make me a small apartment in one formed as he was supposed to do, and of the ward buildings but I did not like George was now looking for a new po- that idea. At times, some of the patients sition himself. I stayed in Michigan became more frenzied than usual and about five weeks, looking for work un- would yell and curse all night. These successfully and eventually came back were the women patients; the men were home in order to vote (for Truman.) even worse. I did not feel that it would When I returned, I of course saw Ellie be conducive to peaceful married life. again and had a few dates with her. We eventually decided to get married the I decided to resign around Labor following spring. Day, and in July I took a vacation and went to Detroit with the intention of I kept looking for work around seeking work out there. My stepbrother Boston, but failed to find any job. I was George was already established there then drawing on the 52-20 club, a and had told me that I would have a good veteran’s program that paid $20 for 52 chance of obtaining employment, which weeks, while looking for work. Of was still difficult to do in Boston. course I did not have a car then so Ellie and I went to movies pretty regularly. When I reached Detroit on that We decided to get married on April 28th July afternoon, it was 90 in the shade at St. John the Evangelist Church be- and George suggested that we go in hind the State House in Boston. Nei- swimming. He and his family lived in ther one of us wanted a big wedding, so Windsor, Ontario, in a section called at 8:00 p.m. that evening, with only a Riverside. His rented home was on the few relatives attending, she became St. Clair River, in the straits of Belle Mrs. Albert BOISSONNEAULT. Her Isle, across the river from Detroit. He mother, brothers, sister and sister’s had a pier and rowboat so we jumped in husband were present and on my side to cool off. When I jumped I dislocated were my father, stepmother, step- 25 brother John and his wife, Lonnie, and in Montréal, its appealing restaurants my sister Estelle and Smitty, her hus- and shops, and, to Ellie, the delightful band, who was my best man. Ellie’s fa- courtesy of the residents. She has of- ther was away in the Army Reserve, re- ten said that she wishes we had pulled hearsing for any future conflicts. He was up stakes and settled in Québec (al- in the mail forwarding branch and held though April is far different weather the rank of major at that time; it paid from Québec winters!) pretty well and he did not seen to mind the time away from home. Eventually A week later, we returned to Bos- that duty ended and he had to return to ton and set up housekeeping at the work sorting mail at East Boston Air- home of Ellie’s parents. Her sister port, where he was a foreman. Madeline had married Russell BAR- TON the year before and was living at After the wedding we, that is Ellie his mother’s home. (Housing was prac- and I, had a fine dinner at Pieroni’s Sea tically impossible to find in those post- Grill on Washington Street, Boston. We war days.) The Bartlett Avenue house- then went to the Hotel Touraine, corner hold included, besides her parents, her of Tremont and Boylston Street and two brothers, Charles, age 12, and six spent our wedding night there. The fol- year old Earle, and now the two of us lowing morning we took the B. & M. as well. train, called Alouette, to Montréal for one week, where we had an enjoyable Mr. Boissonneault’s story con- time exploring the many aspects of life tinues in the Autumn issue. Member’s Corner

I am looking for the record of baptism and marriage of Hilaire CAMIRE, born around 1818 to 1820. He is possibly the son of Jean-Moise CAMIRE and Françoise VALOIS.

He married Henriette MAYER around 1838 to 1840. She was born/baptized in April 9/10 1821, the daughter of Louis Mayer and Julie Coutu at Ste. Geneviève, Berthierville, Québec.

Submitted by: John Cameron 137 W. Christina Blvd. Lakeland, FL 33813

Member #4996 26 The Latour Dit Forgit Family in New England

by: Roy F. Forgit Le Fondeur de Cloches: The Bell- Born in 16711 at Saintes in the maker Province of Saintonge, which was just southeast of La Rochelle, Pierre The year was 1712 when a twice LATOUR was the son of a minor offi- married widower of about age 41 sailed cial, a Huissier (Bailiff). His father was from La Rochelle in the small maritime Louis LATOUR, also titled Archer de Province of Aunis on the southwestern la Marechaussée de Saintonge,2 which coast of France. There was a relative means he was a bowman in the militia peace in Canada’s three small colonial of the local general, as a Marechal was settlements along the St. Lawrence a General Officer. His mother was River. The famed Carignan Regiment Marthe MICHEL. Only two of Pierre’s had succeeded in the task of control- siblings are known, both sisters: Su- ling the murderous raids of the Iroquois zanne, born in 1686, and Marie, born in from the forests of the inland to the 1688, who died in 1700, at age 12.3 south. Forts guarded the approaches to Montréal and Québec along the Riche- Pierre first married on 15 No- lieu and Chaudiere Rivers, respectively. vember 1688 in the Church of Saint New France was about to embark on a Sauveur (Holy Savior) at La Rochelle. period of economic expansion which His bride was Renée DUBOIS, daugh- would last a quarter-century, beginning ter of Emmanuel DUBOIS and Marie in 1713 when the Treaty of Utrecht was VIAU. His father-in-law was also a Bai- signed. The result would be a doubling liff, from Beauvais, a town in the valley of the population of these French colo- of the River Sevres. There are no found nies of North America, from under records of children born of this union, 20,000 in 1712 to over 40,000 by nor do we know when Renée passed 1739. away. We do, however have a remark- able copy of the original record of this The Sun King, Louis XIV, still first marriage, written in ‘old French’ ruled France, but the aging absolute script, with the signatures legible, monarch was nearing the close of his courtesy of I.F.G.H.4 See appendices. long reign, 1643-1715. He had been Le Roi since age 5, but was now 69 years His second marriage was to old and would be deceased within three Jacquette LEVASSEUR on the 3rd of years, to be succeeded on the throne at February, 1706, at the church of St. Versailles by his son, Louis XV. Jean, also in La Rochelle. He is then 27 termed a fondeur and the widower of indicate that they were then deceased. Renée DUBOIS. He resides in the city, But his sister, Suzanne LATOUR- in the Parish of St. Barthelemy. The CROZETIERE,7 had married well in La bride is the daughter of Louis LEVAS- Rochelle and she most likely raised the SEUR, an innkeeper, and of Elisabeth girl, who being her name-sake was BOUTIN. We are fortunate to have re- probably her god-child. Pierre had been ceived, also from I.F.G.H. in La Roch- godfather to Suzanne’s own daughter, elle, a copy of this marriage in the origi- Marie, at her baptism on 9 January 1705 nal handscript. See appendices. in La Rochelle. So these two little girls, first cousins, were only about a year Most likely the fondeur crossed apart in age. Marie herself would marry the ocean in the springtime, after the well in 1725 to André GRESSEAU, threat of the Atlantic’s winter storms. It Seigneur de St. Benoit, the rich son of also appears that he had companions on a counselor to the King. The the sea voyage, which often took two CROZETIERES were politically con- months at that time. Records of his mar- nected it appears, as the husband of riage contract of 23 September 1712, Suzanne LATOUR, Geoffroy, was in so well completed by the Notary 1709 the caretaker of the Royal Pris- CHAMBALON, and of his October 3rd ons at La Rochelle and a merchant. marriage at Beauport to Catherine CHEVALIER, state that several friends Unfortunately, we found no fur- of the groom were present. Among ther record of the life of Pierre’s older them were Jacques PAYANT dit Saint- daughter by Jacquette, Suzanne. How- onge, his cousin, and Jacques BER- ever, another daughter is recorded by THAULT, a friend.5 PAYANT was a rope- GODBOUT in his writings. He lists a maker and BERTHAULT a barrel-maker, baptism on 23 June 1711 at La Roch- both crafts in high demand, as New elle of Françoise LATOUR, daughter of France was increasing exports to France Pierre and Jacquette.8 Why is she omit- and to her possessions in the West ted by CHAMBALON? This child Indies. would have been about eight months old when Pierre left for Canada, if indeed We learn too, from CHAM- she was still living. BALON that LATOUR had apparently hurried his preparations to sail from In his third marriage, his new France. He had failed to take the time wife was a 20-year old native of Canada, to inventory the joint property of his her family having been one of the ear- second wife, Jacquette, who was re- liest to settle in Beauport, sometime cently deceased at age 34. What is more, before 1656. Her parents were Jean he had left his six-year-old daughter, CHEVALIER and Marguerite-Mad- Suzanne, in France without appointing a eleine AVISSE, who had themselves guardian.6 What a critical notary he had! wed there in 1686.9 Jean was a stone- mason. It is fairly certain that his own parents, Louis and Marthe, couldn’t have The parish at Beauport was named taken in the child, as other references Notre-Dame de la Misericorde. It had 28 been established in 1673 and the first one-horse carriage could travel all the church erected in 1684. This tiny settle- way from Québec City to Montréal in ment lay just east of Québec. The biog- four days. Even then, ferries were rapher of LATOUR, Gerard MORIS- needed to cross the larger tributary riv- SET, duly notes that one of his first ers, chiefly the St. Maurice at Trois- pieces of workmanship in Canada was Rivieres.11 During the winters, a road a bell of the fondeur intended for the was marked out with spruce trees on the church at Beauport. ice of the wide St. Lawrence, which was truly their ‘Main Street’. By 1716 Pierre is well established with a business as a merchant in What is more fascinating is that the lower city of Québec, residing on the bell-maker did not travel at all the Rue du Sault-au-Matelot. But the lightly, as his tools of trade were heavy! times are sad. Their first two children These included hammers, chisels, had both died within months of their tongs, bellows and molds, plus a sup- births at Québec. Marie-Josephte was ply of copper and scrap-iron. A won- born in July 1713 and died that Septem- derfully descriptive paragraph by ber. Pierre-Charles had been born in Morisset tells us in some detail what August 1715, but he only lived until this craftsman bell-maker did in a day’s February 1716.10 work: “…it depends on the written records, tower by tower, precise or odd, LATOUR’s first large contract that we show the caster at work, busy was with the 1716 commission to cast around his furnace, heating up the fire an 1800-pound bell for the Cathedral or cooling it, proportioning the bags of of Québec. This to be not only a work iron pellets that he collected at the of art, but also an engineering feat sim- homes of the inhabitants of each village ply in the raising to the bell-tower. Sad where he labored, filing and polishing to say, it no longer exists. We are in- with pains the roughly cast bronze, formed, again by Morisset, that it: seeking the essential harmonics, taking “…was destined to be wrecked during care finally at the installation of his the siege of 1759, probably in the bells so that they rang the most agree- course of the terrible bombardments at ably as possible.”12 the end of July.” The ‘iron pellets’ referred to are Two years later in 1718, the fam- grapeshot (Fr.: mitraille), and we asked ily is at Montréal where a third child, why people living in a dangerous fron- Madeleine-Marguerite, would be born tier area would give him ammunition and baptized on September 20th. This which they needed to defend against move of some 156 miles is just the Indian raids. We believe now that first of many to be recorded as Pierre’s LATOUR had to scrounge about for business required on-site castings of these bits of iron and that the ‘collect- the church bells. Travel was by river ing’ in the local homes meant that he boats or bateaux, as no roads yet con- dug them out, literally, from the exte- nected the three major settlements of rior log walls of cabins and palisades. New France. It would be 1737 before a 29 Next we find the fondeur back handle, and its circulation was limited down-river at Beauport in 1720, but to the colony. It had, therefore, to be Catherine remained at Montréal where sent back to France.”14 her fourth child, Jean-Baptiste, was born on March 10th. Once again, sad to re- Card money was re-instituted in late, this child would not survive to 1729 by Louis XV, and so successfully adult-hood. He died on 7 September that people hoarded it, requiring a new 1720. The years 1720-27 would show issue in 1733. This type of currency parish records with Pierre’s name over then continued to command credit as a a wide area, indicating a great deal of viable means of exchange. travel, but no impressively large bells being cast. He was in Bellechasse in In 1722 a fifth child had been 1724, Lauzon and Beauport in 1726, and born to the LATOURs, this time at in both Yamachiche and Berthier-en- Québec City, on July 15th. He was bap- haut in 1727. An interesting fact is that tized Michel on the 16th. As had hap- he was sometimes paid by means of ag- pened with three earlier babies, Michel ricultural products; for example, at would live a short life. He died at Grondines, he received 66 minots de Québec, only age three, on 7 Septem- bled, or wheat. A minot was equal to ber 1725. 1.05 bushels. Later on at Varennes he was given 30 minots of corn, at an ex- Their sixth child, Marie- change rate of 2 livres per minot.13 A Josephte, arrived in September 1723. livre was a currency unit. She and Madeleine would both survive to adulthood and marry at Québec City, The need for barter was evidence but after the demise of their father. The of the problems with achieving a stable six offspring recorded by René JETTE currency in the colony. Lanctot dis- are considered an incomplete listing. cusses this matter at some length in his We know that the other issue of Pierre historical writings, to quote: “…com- and Catherine, perhaps several, are not mercial activity was seriously hampered mentioned due to lost baptismal re- by the scarcity of coin in the colony. cords. Our own next generation ances- Each year the King’s ship brought a large tor, Antoine, is stated as their son on quantity of specie from the Royal Trea- his marriage record of 1737.15 The very sury, chiefly for payment of the troops, fact of this couple’s frequent change of but much of it went back in the autumn domicile gives credence to the idea that to pay for imports, and part of what re- some other births have been missed. mained was hoarded. The dearth of small change had become so acute since A large assignment was won by 1719, the year card money was abol- our fondeur in Montréal on 12 June ished, that in 1722, in an effort to si- 1728. This was a commission for a lence complaints, the West India Com- 1200-pound bell for the Church of pany fabricated and sent to Canada Notre Dame. It became a three month 20,000 livres of copper money. The long project, as the completed bell was people, however, refused to accept it not mounted in its belfry until the end because it was heavy and awkward to of December. A second bell of 100 30 pounds was cast for Notre Dame just separate notes on one page for a bell of two years later, in September of 1730. 80 pounds which he cast in 1733-34. These include the Abbé Ulric’s costs In between the two bells at Mont- for tin, wood, bricks, tallow, iron-shot, réal, he made one for Ste. Anne de and labor, plus brandy and the ‘Bless- Beaupré, a considerable distance away, ing’ – no doubt a celebration. LATOUR as this shrine is well east of Québec would not receive his final payment City. That bell was consecrated on 31 until 1735. Could this be that this very May 1730, and raised to the beautiful meticulous priest wished to be quite belfry which had been designed by certain that the bell would not crack? Claude BAILLIF and added to the church in 1696. This church no longer The risks found in Pierre’s pro- stands, as after partially rebuilt in 1787- fession did not come only from his han- 89, it was carefully de-constructed in dling of a hot forge and molten metals, 1878. The materials were then used to nor in climbing the scaffolds of many build a replacement, the Memorial high belfries. Other accounts tell us of Chapel.16 We understand that the bell a 1732 earthquake at Montréal, which now there is a facsimile to LATOUR’s, brought down walls at the hospital put up in 1788 to replace his original.17 (Hôtel-Dieu) and at the Recollet Mon- astery. Later a smallpox epidemic be- We should note here, too, that a gan at Montréal in 1733 and spread all plaque on the front wall of this chapel through the country, resulting in the is dedicated to the memories of Louis deaths of 900 people. The hospitals of and Pierre GAGNE and their wives, who all three major towns were over- helped to establish the original church worked. Finally, a third disaster befell in the 17th century. These are the ances- the city in 10 April 1734 when an ar- tors of our uncle, Clarence GAGNE, as sonist set fire to the Hôtel-Dieu and its documented in his family history, and chapel. This catastrophe destroyed 46 his extensive genealogy. houses before being put out.18 As noted earlier, the fondeur was all about the The year 1730 also saw the area during these calamitous events. fondeur at the villages of La Prairie and Boucherville, both opposite Montréal The labors of the bell-maker on the south bank. He was paid 200 would cease in 1736. He died at livres in each case for similar small Montréal on January 19th of that year. bells. As best we now know, La Prairie We located his brief three line burial marks the most westerly point in his notice in the records of Notre-Dame travels. It lies just below the notorious de Montréal.19 He is said to be the Lachine Rapids of the St. Lawrence, the fondeur de cloches, so there is no mis- site of many drownings. taking him. It states that he is a resident of Québec, but omits any reference to The final entries of MORISSET his wife which indicates that they knew in his loggings of the bell-castings of but little of him. He was buried in the LATOUR concern the work he did at cemetery of the poor. The age of 70 is Varennes. There are said to be fifteen stated, however this is of some doubt 31 and is questioned by MORISSET and November 1749.23 Their stepfather was others. Three people signed his burial present at both weddings, so it is to be notice, two of whom were priests, assumed that he gave away the brides. PEIGNE and BREUL. The third signer Also, each of the girls was present at was Simon MANGINO, perhaps just an the other’s ceremony, but no mention available person who could write. is made of their mother, Catherine. Since the fact that Pierre LATOUR is Pierre LATOUR was not the first deceased is duly noted, it must be that fondeur of New France. Earlier ac- their mother is still living. Further re- counts of the Church of Notre-Dame de search may locate the record of her Québec indicate that a man by the name demise. However, a real possibility of Jean HAMMONET or AMOUNET exists that she may have left Québec had cast bells there in 1664 or 1665.20 with her husband, as many French offi- He is also listed in the census of 1666 cials did, following the Conquest in as maitre-fondeur, 38 ans. 1759, in fear of the British.

It is reasonable to wonder In review the above is a remark- whether Pierre’s son, Antoine, contin- able account, a lode of information ued in this particular craft, being also a concerning one man’s life, lived over blacksmith. We find no definitive an- two hundred and sixty years ago. Pierre swers. But MORISSET provides some LATOUR was neither wealthy nor fa- background when he writes: “His bells, mous. He was made unique by his oc- many of which were very small, have cupation. Although just a humble arti- been replaced by much heavier bells, and san, his efforts produced a product that more clarion-like. Who could have was much valued, even capable of be- foreseen, in the period of 1730, the ing termed a coveted possession, as it rapid development of the colony…when had a great utility to the clergy who they began to erect large belfries and contracted his services. In so doing huge light-towers? It is without doubt they did also a great service to his later the unexpected change in the weight of renown, in their scrupulous account- bells that had discouraged the succes- ings of the costs of casting a bell for sors of Pierre LATOUR.”21 their parishioners, and for the Glory of God. His widow, Catherine, would re- marry in October of 1741 to François This must be termed, too, a half- RAGEOT, a notary for the French biography, as it encompasses only the Crown (Notaire Royal), at Québec.22 latter half of his life. How many bells She would have been age 49 by then. did he cast in France? We can only guess whether there exist dusty vol- Their two daughters also wed at umes containing the name Pierre Québec, in the Church of Notre-Dame. LATOUR in the library archives of Madeleine married Louis BARDET, a Aunis and Saintonge provinces. navigateur, on 15 September 1744. Her sister, Marie-Josephte, married Footnotes François LEMAITRE, widower, on 11 1 JETTE, Réné, Dist. Généalogique 32 des Familles de Québec. Les Presses 12 MORISSET, see #5, p.567. de l’Univ. De Montréal, 1983, Vol. 3, 13 Ibid. p.568. p.661. He cites the census of 1716 14 LANCTOT, see #11, p.31. which states the age of LATOUR is 45 15 TANGUAY, Complement au years. Dictionnaire Généalogique Tanguay, 2 Ibid. Vols. 1 & 2, p.116. 3 Suzanne is listed by JETTE, above. 16 GAGNE and ASSELIN, Sainte Anne Marie is found in GODBOUT, Pere de Beaupre, Pilgrim’s Goal for Three Archange, Emigration Rochelaises en Hundred Years, a brief history of the Nouvelle-France, Archives de Québec, shrine, translated from the French by 1970, p.141. Eric W. GOSLING, 1966. A note of 4 Institut Francophone de Géné- credit found on the back of this booklet alogique et d’Histoire, La Rochelle, reads: “This publication is greatly France. Correspondence. I became a indebted to the research of Mr. Gerard member in 1999. Morisset. Director of the Inventory of 5 MORISSET, Gerard, Le Fondeur de Works of Art of the Province of Cloches, Pierre Latour, La Revue de Québec…: l’Université Laval, Québec, Vol. 3, 17 MORISSET, see #5. In his footnote No. 7, p.566. He discusses the marriage no. 9 on p.570 he states: “C’est le contract by CHAMBALON, interpret- clocher, refait en 1788 d’apres le ing it. (We should note, too, our même dessin, qui courenne la chappelle discovery that MORISSET is evidently commemorative de Sainte Anne.” descended from Suzanne LATOUR 18 LANCTOT, see #11, p.32. CROZETIERE, Pierre’s older sister, 19 Drouin files, microfilm @ A.F.G.S., perhaps explaining his interest.) Roll 1173, Notre Dame de Montréal, 6 Ibid. 1736. 7 GODBOUT, see #3 above, p.63. 20 GOSSELIN, Amedée, Ptre. Fondeurs 8 Ibid. de Cloches au Canada. Bulletin des 9 Drouin files, vol. DRN 069, p.269, Recherches Historiques, Vol. 26, Nov. Library of A.F.G.S, Woonsocket, RI. 1920, pp. 334-336. 10 JETTE, See #1 above. 21 MORISSET, see #5, p.571. 11 LANCTOT, Gustave, A History of 22 Drouin files, Notre Dame de Canada, Vol. 3, p.34, translated by Québec, 1744, @ A.F.G.S. M.M. Cameron, Harvard U. Press, 23 Ibid. 1749. Cambridge, MA. 1965.

Did you know that dolphins are so intelligent that within only a few weeks of captivity, they can train Americans to stand at the very edge of the pool and throw them fish?

33 Le Perche

by: Jerry Lesperance Foreword but, unlike much of France, it is blessed The Perche region, located 100 with some beautiful forests. It also ben- miles West of Paris, France, is the ori- efits from a number of rivers and gin of a large number of 17th Century streams. It is not a particular popular settlers in Québec. I have had the good tourist destination today because most fortune to visit the region several visitors to France are looking for things times. Both my wifes have numerous that Perche does not offer. French-Canadian ancestors who originated in Perche. It has been difficult for me to find the population and geographical size of The RegionPerche, located 100 Perche because it is not an “official” miles west of Paris, has always been a political subdivision of France. I would Region. It has never been an official guess that the total population of Province or a Department of France. It Perche today is less than 200,000. Sev- was created in 1115 when the comte of eral of the larger cities today are: Mortagne was combined with the Nogent-le-Rotrou with 11,524 people; seigneuries of Nogent and Belleme. Mortagne-au-Perche 4,943; St-Cos- The main city is Mortagne. Before the mes-de-Vair 3,263; Belleme 1997; Revolution it was part of the Province Tourouvre 1,662; and Logny-au- of Normandie. In 1799 when the 34 Perche, 1,625. I estimate the land area provinces of France were changed to 96 to be about 1,200 square miles, or departements, Perche was included about the size of Rhode Island. mostly within the Department of Orne but small parts of Perche lie within the Why The Emigration to Québec current departements of Eure-et-Loir, Eure, Sarthe and Loir-et-Cher The par- M. and Mme. Pierre MONT- ishes of St. Jean in Mortagne and St. AGNE of Perche, both deceased, have Aubin in nearby Tourouvre accounted researched the emigration which oc- for a disproportionately large number curred primarily in the 1640’s and of emigrants to Québec. Fifty-three 1650’s. She reminds us that the King came from Mortagne and 45 came from of France was offering incentives for Tourouvre. his people to settle in New France. One incentive was the establishment of a Perche is a pastoral area consist- group called La Compagnie des Cent ing mainly of gently rolling farmland Associes (The Company of One Hun- 34 dred Associates) who were to create of thirty-nine Percheron men and two seigneuries in Québec that could be sub- women who executed contracts before divided and conceded to qualified im- the Tourouvrain notary CHOISEAU in migrants. The apothecary and surgeon, the years 1646 through 1651. Jette tells Robert GIFFARD of Autheil in Perche, us only fourteen of these forty-one was the first to acquire a Québec people permanently settled in Québec. seigneury. His seigneurie was in the area Incidentally the salaries of the two presently called Montmorency County, women were at the very low end of the east of the city of Québec, with Cha- scale. teau-Richer and L’Ange-Gardien, as two of the main communities. GIFFARD The Immigrants enlisted the aid of the brothers Jean and Noel JUCHEREAU of Tourouvre to re- The typical emigrant was a 37-1/ cruit people in the area for migration to 2 year old illiterate bachelor from the Québec. One historian has said that Seigneury or Canton of Tourouvre who Noel was one of the hundred associates. was a laborer or carpenter and who In any case Noel spent much of his time signed a 36 month engagement to work in Perche doing the actual recruiting and in New France. contracting of emigrants. Jean spent most of the time in the Province of The Perche pioneers were also Québec on the receiving end of the mi- prolific. L’Institut National d’Etudes gration. Apparently another JUCHER- Demographiques of the University of EAU, Pierre, was active in France in Montreal published Naissance d’une readying the emigrants. The emigrants Population in 1987 which provided a were often hired for a period of three lot of demographics concerning the years. Thus they were called Les 36 Québec pioneers prior to 1730. Among Mois. Most of the recruits were bach- other lists the publication presented elors. They were to be paid from 40 to the ranking of the pioneers by the num- 120 livres per year. In addition they were ber of descendants they had prior to provided transportation to Nouvelle 1730, roughly three generations after France and were to receive some land. their arrival in Québec. In the top ten Most were unskilled and illiterate. Ma- in Québec there were: first Jean dame MONTAGNE tells us that Perche GUYON & Mathurine ROBIN with was not a poor area. People had the re- 2,150 descendants; second Zacharie sources in Perche to acquire food and CLOUTIER & Sainte DUPONT 2,090; shelter. She suggests that it was the de- fourth Marin BOUCHER with sire to try the unknown or to make a new Julienne BARIL & Perrine MALLET start in another world that attracted 1,454; fifth Noel LANGLOIS & some of the residents to sign the con- Françoise GRENIER with 1,388 and tract. Most of the immigrants stayed in tenth Nicolas PELLETIER & Jeanne de Québec although their contract provided VOUZY with 939. for them to be returned to France after the terms of their employment in Most of the following list of Québec were fullfilled. On the other Percheron/Percherones came from an hand, I have reviewed the Québec stay unpublished document by Jean-Fran- 35 çois HUBERT-ROULEAU. Although Sees (In Orne but not in Perche). De- written in Perche, it is evident that parted 1636. Jette p 76. some of the author’s material came 6. BERMEN, Claude (Judge) departed from Jette. For instance, the occupa- La Ferte Vidame 1662. Cousin of Jean tion and titles such as Seigneur of a JUCHEREAU. Jette p89. person may have been the person’s sta- 7. BISSON, Florent from Contres; with tus in New France. wife Jeanne YVON & children Ma- thurine & Michel departed St-Cosme- I don’t pretend that the following de-Vair. Brother of Gervais BISSON; is a complete list of immigrants from Father-in-Law of Simon ROCHERON. Perche as well as areas of Orne that are Jette p107. not within Perche. In abbreviated for- 8. BISSON, Gervais (Domestic) from mat I’ve provided when known: Name Contres; with wife Marie LEREAU & of emigrant; Occupation; accompany- children Gervais & Antoine departed ing family members; origin (usually the St-Cosme-de-Vair. Jette p107. place where born); place and year of 9. BOISSEL, Jacques (Mason) with departure from France; Contract wife Marie ERIPEL from the diocese Length; Annual Salary in pounds; of Chartres (may not be in Perche), Whether could sign name or couldn’t departed about 1639. Jette p121. sign name; Marital status; and name, 10. BOISSON, Jean (Gunsmith) with place and year of marriage of single wife Jacqueline CHAMBOY, sisters women; and page of Jette where the Mathurine & Barbe, & daughters person can be found. If an immigrant Louise & Jeanne (became a nun) de- the person is shown as “Not in Jette”, parted Mortagne. Jette p932 there is a high probability that the per- 11. BOUCHARD, Claude (Tailor) de- son returned to France after his or her parted St-Cosme-de-Vair. Jette p132. 36- or 60-month contract was com- 12. BOUCHER, Gaspard ( Wood- pleted. I’ve indicated when death was in worker) with children Pierre, Nicolas, France if that information was available. Marie & Marguerite and related to Marin, departed Mortagne 1634. Jette 1. ALOGNON, Pierre (Laborer) de- p136. parted from Tourouvre. 24 mo. contract 13. BOUCHER , Marin (Mason) with 11 Mar 1647 notary CHOISEAU. An- 2nd wife Perine MALLET & children nual salary 60 pounds. Received a pair François, Louis-Marin & Jean- Gal- of shoes, a hat and a homespun cloak. leran, departed Mortagne 1634/5. Jette Single. Couldn’t write his name. Not in p135/6. Jette. 14. BOULAY, Robert with wife Fran- 2. AUBIN, Michel (Domestic) departed çoise GRENIER & daughter Jacqueline from Tourouvre. Single. Jette p21. departed Loise 1662. Jette p145. 3. BARRE, Jacques (Soldier) from 15. BOYER, Barbe from St-Maurice Argentan (In Orne but not Perche). Jette les Charencey. Married Paul CARTIER p52. in Québec in 1673. Jette p205 4. BEAUVAIS, Jacques (Chaufronier) 16. BRUNET, Mathieu from Tourouvre from Ige. Jette p70. or L’Aigle. Departed France in 1667. 5. BELANGER, Jacques (Mason) from Jette p180 36 17. CHABOT, Marie departed Ran- 28. COURBIER, Guillaume from donnai. Jette p214. Alencon (not in Perche), departed 18. CHASTEL, Thomine, widow of Jean LaRochelle 1722. Jette p283. BIGOT, with children Françoise & Jean 29. CRETE or CRESTE, Jean (Master departed La Ventrouze. Jette p100. cartwright) and his wife Marguerite 19. CHATEL, Michel departed Ran- GAULIN departed Tourouvre 1649. donnai. Son-in-law of Aubin LAMBERT. Jean was nephew of Sebastien LE- Jette p239 GRAND. Marguerite was sister of 20. CHAUDON, Philibert departed François & Pierre. 36 mo. contract 18 Tourouvre 1647. 36 mo. contract 19 Mar 1649 notary CHOISEAU. Annual Mar 1647 notary CHOISEAU. Annual salary 80 pounds. Could sign his name. salary 90 pounds. Couldn’t sign his Jette p292. name. Married. Not in Jette. 30. BIDARD, Marie from Alencon (In 21. CHAUVIGNY (PELTRIE), Marie- Orne but not in Perche). Married Madeleine de Dame de la, departed Honore DANIS, Montreal 1659. Jette Bivilliers 1639. Founded the Ursulines. p305. Jette p241. 31. DELAUNEY, Nicholas departed 22. CHAUVIN, Marin departed Tou- Toruouvre. Jette p 320. rouvre 1648. 36 mo. contract 6 Mar 32. DODIER, Jacques (Laborer) from 1648 notary CHOISEAU. Annual salary Champaissant. Jette p355 40 pounds, 10 in advance. Couldn’t sign 33. DODIER, Sebastien (Carpenter) his name. Jette p241. departed Ige alone. Returned to France 23. CHEMIN, Jean departed Randonnai then back to Québec with his wife 1647. 36 mo. contract 1 Mar 1648 no- Marie BELHOMME, and children tary CHOISEAU. Annual salary 66 Catherine, Sebastien, & Marie departed pounds. 15 pound advance. Couldn’t Ige 1643 or 1644. Jette p355. sign his name. Single. Not in Jette. 34. DROUET, François probably de- 24. CHEVALIER Charlotte, widow of parted from Mortagne. Jette p362. Jacques GAUDRY, with sons Nicolas & 35. DROUET dit LAPERCHE, Fran- Jacques, departed Feings 1651-3. Jette çois (Navigator) departed Tourouvre . p472. Returned to France. Not in Jette. 25. CLOUTIER, Zacharie (Carpenter) 36. DROUIN, Robert (tiler & brick- with wife Sainte DUPONT and children layer) departed Pin-la-Garenne 1634. Zacharie, Jean, Anne, Charles, & Louise Jette p362. departed Mortagne 1634. Jette p259. 37. DUBOIS, Jean from Senonches 26. COCHEREAU, Pierre from Re- departed France in 1648. 36 mo. con- nouard. Returned to France. Jette p262 tract 17 Mar 1648 notary CHOISEAU. 26. COSNARD, Martin departed Ran- Annual salary 66 pounds. Couldn’t write donnai 1648. Furnaceman. 36 mo. con- his name. Returned to France. Not in tract 2 Mar 1648 notary CHOISEAU. Jette. Annual salary 60 pounds, 15 in advance. 38. DUMORTIER, Madeleine departed Didn’t know how to sign his name. Not Chemilly, district of Mortagne. Mar- in Jette. ried Timothee ROUSSEL Québec 27. COTE, Jean departed 1635 probably 1667. Jette p 1014. Mortagne. Jette p.273. 39. DUROY, Pierre (Merchant & 37 Boucher) from Roiville, district of pp447-8. Argentan, (Orne but not Perche). Jette 51. GAGNE, Pierre from Ige, with wife p396. Marguerite ROSÉE from St-Jacques, 40. DUTARTRE, François (Laborer) Jauze & sons Louis, Pierre & Nicholas departed 1648 from Cherency 36 mo. departed Courcival 1652-3. Brother of contract 2 Mar 1648 notary CHOI- Louis GAGNE. Jette p448 SEAU. Annual salary 60, 15 in advance. 52. ROGER Renée, widow of Pierre Couldn’t sign his name. Not in Jette. GAGNON, departed La Ventrouze 41. DUTARTRE, Gilles (Gunsmith) 1643. Children (see following) de- departed from St-Sauveur de Belleme. parted 1635. Jette p451. Jette p397. 53. GAGNON, Jean and brothers Pierre 42. DUTEIL, René (Manual laborer) & Mathurin (sons of Pierre & Renée departed 1647 probably from Bubertre. ROGER) departed La Ventrouze 1635. 36 mo. contract 18 Feb 1647 Notary Jette p451. CHOISEAU. Annual salary 100 pounds. 54. GAGNON, Marthe, illegitimate Couldn’t sign his name. Single. Not in daughter of Mathurin, departed La Jette. Ventrouze 1643 (possibly with her 43. ENJOUIS, Pierre (Laborer) de- grandmother, Renee ROGER. Jette parted 1648 probably from Cherency. p453. 36 mo. contract 2 Mar 1648 notary 55. GAGNON, Robert, cousin of Jean, CHOISNEAU. Annual salary 66 Pierre & Mathurin, nephew of Pierre pounds, 15 in advance. Could sign his the older departed La Ventrouze prob- name. Single. Not in Jette. ably 1657. Jette p453. 44. FORESTIER, Jean from Sees (In 56. GAGNON, Jacques (Soldier of the Orne but not in Perche. Jette p427. Marine) from Tourouvre. Not in Jette. 45. FORGET, Nicolas from Alencon, 57. GARNIER, François from Notre- (In Orne not in Perche. Jette p428. Dame-de-Vair. Jette p467. 46. FORTIN, Julien from Notre-Dame- 58. GAULIN, François and brother de-Vair. Jette p431. Pierre departed St-Martin du Vieux- 47. FOURNIER, Guillaume from Cou- Belleme. Jette 274. limer, district of Argentan (In Orne but 59. GERMAIN, Robert (shoemaker) not in Perche). Jette p437. from St-Sauver de Lonlay, district of 48. FRONDIERE, Raoullin departed Alencon (not in Perche). Jette p490. from Tourouvre 1647. 36 mo. contract 60. GERVAIS, Marin from Champ-se- 10 Apr 1647 notary CHOISEAU. An- cret, district of Alencon ( not in nual salary 90 pounds. Received a pair Perche). Jette p491 of shoes. Couldn’t sign his name. 61. GIFFORD, Robert (Surgeon, Doc- Single.. Not in Jette. tor, Apothecary), with wife Marie 49. GADOIS, Pierre (Merchant), with RENOUARD & daughter Marie-Fran- wife Louise MAUGER, & children çoise departed Mortagne in 1634. Jette Robert & Pierre departed Ige 1636. p494. Jette p447. 62. GIGUERE, Robert departed Tou- 50. GAGNE, Louis (Miller) from Ige, rouvre 1650-1. Jette p495. with wife Marie MICHEL & daughter 63. GIRARD, Pierre from Bures, dis- Louise departed Ige 1643-44. Jette trict of Alencon (not in Perche). Jette 38 p499. Geneviève & Rodolphe departed Mort- 64. GIROUX, Toussaint (Weaver) from agne 1636-8. Jette p560. Reveillon or Mortagne. Jette p502. 77. HERVIEUX, Isaac (Bourgeois) 65. GIROUX, Charles from Mortagne. from Lonlay L’Abbaye, district of Jette p503. Alencon (In Orne but not in Perche). 66. GODE, Nicolas (Master carpenter) Jette p568. with wife Françoise GADOIS & chil- 78. HOUDE, Louis (Mason) from dren François, Nicolas, Françoise & Manou, district of Nogent-le-Rotrou. Ma-thurin departed Ige 1641-2. Jette Jette p571. p508. 79. HUAN, Martin (Locksmith) from 67. GODEAU nee JAHAN, Jeanne with Beaulieu. 36 mo. contract 9 April 1647 daughter Françoise departed La Ven- notary CHOISEAU. Annual salary 90 trouze. Jette p509. pounds. Could sign his name. Single. 68. GOULET, Jacques (Miller) from Jette p574. Nor-mandie & wife Marguerite MEU- 80. HUBLIN, Nicolas departed Feings NIER from La Potereie, departed La 1651. 60 month contract 22 May 1651 Poterie 1646. Jette p518. notary CHOISEAU. Annual salary of 69. GOYER, Mathurin departed Tou- 45 pounds. Given a pair of shoes. Could rouvre 1648. Jette p522. sign his name. Single. Not in Jette. 70. GRAVEL, Joseph-Masse departed 81. HUPPE, Michel (Hatter) from Tourouvre or Mortagne. Jette p523. Alencon. (In Orne but not in Perche). 71. GROS-AUBRY, Jacqueline from St- Jette p582. Pierre de Sees (In Orne but not in 82. JARRY, Eloi (Cartwright) departed Perche). Jette 531. from Ige 1654. Jette p595 72. GROUVEL-AUBERT, Jacqueline 83. JUCHEREAU, Jean (Fur merchant, departed La Ventrouze. Jette p025. Seigneur) with wife Marie LANGLOIS 73. GUIMOND, Louis (Laborer) de- and children Jean, Nicolas & Gene- parted Tourouvre 1647. Six year con- vieve, departed La Ferte Vidame 1634. tract 18 Feb 1647, Notary CHOISEAU. Jette p612. Annual salary 40 Pounds. Received pair 84. LAIGU, René (Soldier) from of shoes & a serge suit. Couldn’t sign Alencon (In Orne but not in Perche). his name. Single. Jette p546. Jette p631. 74. GUILLEBOURG, Charles (Laun- 85. LAMBERT, Aubin departed Tou- dryman) departed Tourouvre 1645. Jette rouvre about 1662. Cousin of Jacques p542. GOULET and father-in-law of Michel 75. GUYON, Jean (Mason & Surveyor) CHATEL. Jette p637. with son Jean departed Mortagne 1634. 86. LANDE, Pierre (Manual Laborer) His wife Mathurine ROBIN with their departed Ste-Ceronne du Boisey 1647. children Simon, Marie, Claude, Denis, 6 yr. contract 7 Apr 1647 notary & Michel departed Mortagne 1636. CHOISEAU. Annual salary 78 pounds. Daughter Barbe departed Mortagne 6 pound advance. Could sign his name. 1652 with her husband Pierre PARADIS Single. Not in Jette. & their 7 children. Jette p548. 87. LANDRY, Guillaume departed La 76. HAYOT, Thomas (Tenant farmer) Ventrouze. Jette p 643. with wife Jeanne BOUCHER & children 88. LANGLOIS, brothers Jean (Pilot) 39 & Noel from St-Leonard des Parcs, borer) from Sonchamp (Yvelines), 36 district of Alencon (In Orne but not in month contract 12 Feb 1647 notary Perche). Jette p645. CHOISEAU. Annual salary 100 Pounds. 89. LAPORTE, Jacques departed Noce. Single. Couldn’t sign his name. Not in Jette p650. Jette. 90. LARUE, Jean de from Breel, dis- 103. LESAGE, Louis (Domestic) from trict of Argentan (not in Perche). Jette Loisal, district of Mortagne. Jette p658. p722. 91. LEDUC, Jean (Lumberman), from 104. LESSARD, Etienne de from Ige, departed La Rochelle 1644. Jette Chambois district of Argentan (not in p683. Perche). Jette p724. 92. LEFEBVRE, Antoinette from 105. LETARTRE, René with wife Chanu, district of Argentan (In Orne but Louise GOULET (step-sister of not in Perche). Married Hilaire LIM- Jacques GOULET) and children Anne, OUSIN, Québec 1671. Jette p737. Marie, Charles, Elisabeth, & Barbe, 93. LEFORT, Antoine departed Tou- departed La Poterie. Jette p 726. rouvre. Jette p 694. 106. LEVEAU, Jacques from Chartres 94. LEGRAND, Jacques from L’Aigle (In Orne but not in Perche). 36 month (In Orne but not in Perche) Jette p700. contract 17 Mar 1648 notary CHOI- 95. LEGRAND, Sebastien (Domestic) SEAU. Annual Salary 66 pounds. Could departed Tourouvre 1643. Not in Jette. sign his name. Not in Jette. 96. LEHOUX, Jacques (Coalman) with 107. LOIGNON, Pierre (Manual La- children Jean & Françoise departed La borer) from Moussonvilliers, departed Ventrouze. Jette p 701. La Ventrouze 1647. Jette p 738. 97. LEHOUX, Françoise from La 108. LOYSEAU, Jacques (Domestic) Ventrouze. 60 mo. contract 22 May departed Tourouvre 1647. 36 mo. con- 1651 notary CHOISEAU. Annual sal- tract 13 Apr 1647 notary CHOISEAU. ary 30 pounds. Given a pair of shoes. Annual salary 70 pounds, received 10 Couldn’t sign her name. Single. Possi- pound advance & pair of shoes. Could bly daughter of Jacques; if so, she mar- sign his name. Single. Jette p 738. ried Robert PARE 1653 in Québec. 109. MABILLE, François (Lumber- 98. LEMATIRE, François (Master tai- man) departed Tourouvre 1646. 60 mo. lor) from Flers (In Orne but not in contract 19 Mar 1646 Notary CHOI- Perche) departed from LaRochelle SEAU. Couldn’t sign his name. Annual 1651. Jette p703. salary 90 pounds. Married. Cousin of 99. LEMOYNE, Barthelemi (Surgeon) Michelle MABILLE who married departed from Pin-la-Garenne 1634. Guillaume PELLETIER. Not in Jette. 36 mo. contract. Cousin of Robert 110. MAHEU, Zacharie (Domestic & DROUIN. Not in Jette. Mason) with son René from Mortagne, 100. LEPAGE, Barthelemi from St- departed Reveillon. Jette p752. Germain d’Auray, district of Argentan 111. MAHEU, Jacques departed Bu- (In Orne but not in Perche). Jette p715. bertie. Jette p752 . 101. LEREAU, Simon departed St- 112. MAHEU, Pierre from Mortagne, Cosme-de-Vair. Jette p718. departed Feings 1651. Son-in-law of 102. LE ROY, Jacques (Manual La- Robert DROUIN. 60 mo. contract 22 40 May 1651 notary CHOISEAU. Annual (Sergetier) departed Courgeost 1647. salary 45 pounds. Given a pair of shoes. 36 mo. contract 9 Apr 1647 notary Could sign his name. Single. Jette p753. HOISEAU. Annual salary 80 pounds. 113. MALENFANT, Jean (Laborer) de- Could sign his name. Married. Not in parted Tourouvre 1647. 60 mo. contract Jette. 18 Feb 1647. Notary CHOISEAU. An- 124. NORMAND, Gervais (Carpenter) nual salary 55 pounds. Received a pair with wife Leonarde JOINEAULT, son of shoes. Single. Couldn’t sign his Jean, and his brother Jean (Carpenter ) name. Not in Jette. departed Ige. Jette p853. 114. MALLET, Denis (Wood carver; 125. NORMAND, Pierre (Master Cabinet-maker) from Alencon (In Orne Knife-Sharpener) departed St-Martin but not in Perche). Jette p759. du Vieux-Belleme. Nephew of Gervais 115. MANOVELY de REVEILLE, & Jean. Jette p853. Marie-Geneviève from La Chapelle- 126. NOURY, Jacques (Habitant) de- Montligeon. Married Jean PELLETIER parted Feings 1651. 60 mo. contract 22 at Québec in 1662. Jette p888. May 1651 notary CHOISEAU. 116. MARAIS, Marin (Soldier) from Annual salary 50 pounds. Given a pair Alencon (In Orne but not in Perche) of shoes. Single. Couldn’t sign his departed 1665. Jette p761. name. Jette p 856. 117. MAUFAY, Pierre from St-Cosme- 127. PARADIS, Pierre (Cutlery Maker) de-Vair. Step brother of Antoine with wife Barbe GUYON & children ROUILLARD. Jette p270. Marie, Jacques, Guillaume, Pierre & 118. MERCIER, Jean (Laborer) de- Jean departed Mortagne 1652. Jette parted St-Mard de Reno 1647. 36 mo. p871. contract 9 Apr 1647 notary CHOISEAU. 128. PELLETIER, Guillaume (Mer- Annual salary 55 pounds. Could not sign chant; Coal man) with wife Michele his name. Single. Not in Jette. MABILLE, & son Jean departed Tour- 119. MERCIER, Julien (Laborer) de- ouvre 1641. Jette p887. parted Tourouvre 1647. 60 month con- 129. PELLETIER, Antoine from Bre- tract 5 Mar 1647 Notary CHOISEAU. solettes. Brother of Guillaume. Jette Annual salary 75 pounds. Couldn’t sign p888. his name. Single. Jette p798. 130. PEUVERT, brothers François & 120. MERY, Antoine (Manual Laborer) Jean-Baptiste (Notary) departed departed Tourouvre 1646. 36 mo. con- Belleme 1651. Jette p908. tract 29 Jan 1646 by Notary CHOI- 131. PIAU, Pierre departed Tourouvre SEAU. Annual salary 100 Pounds. Re- 1647. 36 mo. contract 18 Feb 1647 ceived 52 pound advance. Couldn’t sign Notary CHOISEAU. Received a suit. his name. Single. Not in Jette. Couldn’t sign his name. Single. Not in 121. MORIN, Claire departed Mortagne Jette. 1634-6. Married Jamin BOURGUIG- 132. PINGUET, Henri (Merchant & NON in Québec 1636. Jette p154. Seigneur) with wife Louise LOUSCHE 122. MOREL, Jacques (Soldier) from & children Françoise, Noel, & Pierre St-Font de Collieres, Sees (In Orne but departed Tourouvre 1634. Jette p922. not in Perche). Jette p832. 133. PITOT, Pierre (Smelter) departed 123. MONTCHEVREUL, Pierre de Randonnai 1647. 36 mo. contract 1 41 Mar 1648 notary CHOISEAU. Annual p987. salary 66 pounds, 15 in advance. 144. RIVARD, Robert departed Tour- Couldn’t sign his name. Not in Jette. ouvre. Brother of Nicolas. Jette p987. 134. POTIER, Louis (Laborer) departed 145. ROLLIN. Philippe (Soldier) from Autheil 1648. 36 mo. contract 2 Mar La Loupe. Jette p1005. 1648 notary CHOISEAU. Annual sal- 146. ROCHERON, brothers Simon & ary 60 pounds, 15 in advance. Could Gervais (Mason) departed St-Cosme- sign his name. Not in Jette. de-Vair. Brothers of Marie who married 135. POULIN, Maurice (Procurer) François GAULIN. Jette p1001/1002. from Villebedin, district of Argentan (In 147. ROUILLARD, Antoine (Carpen- Orne but not in Perche). Jette p938. ter) departed Notre-Dame-de-Vair. Step 136. POULIOT, Charles (Master Car- brother of Pierre MAUFAY. Jette penter) departed St-Cosme-de-Vair. p1009. Jette p940. 148. ROULEAU, Gabriel (Habitant) 137. POUPAR, Jacques (Laborer) de- departed Tourouvre. Jette p1011. parted from Logny 1647. 36 mo. con- 149. ROULOIS, Michel with wife tract 17 Feb 1647 Notary CHOISEAU. Jeanne MALINE & daughters Mad- Single. Couldn’t sign his name. Not in eleine & Jacqueline departed Notre- Jette. Dame-de-Vair. Jette p1012. 138. PROVOST, François departed 150. ROUSSIN, Jean (Farmer) with from Tourouvre. Jette p950. children Madeleine & Louise departed 139. PROVOST, Mathurin (Manual La- Tourouvre 1650. Two sons, François & borer) departed from Tourouvre 1646. Nicolas departed 1647. Jette p1015. 36 mo. contract 5 Feb 1646 Notary 151. ROUSSIN, Nicolas departed CHOISEAU. Annual salaray 120 Tourouvre 1651. Son of Jean. 60 month Pounds. Received 60 Pound advance. contract 22 May 1651 notary CHOI- Couldn’t sign his name. Single. Not in SEAU. Annual salary 30 pounds. Given Jette. a pair of shoes. Couldn’t sign his name. 140. RAGEOT, Gilles (Notary) de- Single. Jette p1015. parted from L’Aigle. Jette p961. 152. ROUSSIN, Françoise departed 141. RIBAULT, Gervaise (Laborer) de- Tourouvre 1651. Daughter of Jean. 60 parted from Aulnou, Sees (not in month contract 22 May 1651 notary Perche) 1648. 36 mo. contract 5 Mar CHOISEAU. Annual salary 20 pounds. 1648 notary CHOISEAU. Annual sal- Given a pair of shoes. Couldn’t sign her ary 66 pounds, 15 in advance. Couldn’t name. Single. Jette p1015. sign his name. Not in Jette. 153. ROY, Olivier from Fontenay-sur- 142. RIDAY, Jean (Master Shoemaker) Orne, district of Argentan (In Orne but from St-Jean des Murgers, La Loupe, not in Perche). Jette p1018. district of Nogent-le-Rotrou. Jette 154. ROYER, Jean from St-Cosme-de- p985. Vair. Jette p1025. 143. RIVARD, Nicolas departed Tour- 155. SIGOUIN, Jean (Domestic) from ouvre 1648. Brother of Robert. 36 mo. La Ferte-Mace, district of Alencon (In contract 6 Mar 1648 notary CHOI- Orne but not in Perche). Jette p1048. SEAU. Annual salary 66 pounds, 15 in 156. SUPRENANT, Marin (Soldier) advance. Couldn’t sign his name. Jette from St-Philibert sur Orne, district of 42 Argentan (In Orne but not in Perche). CHOISEAU. Annual salary 63 pounds. Jette p1058. Couldn’t sign his name. Single. Not in 157. SUPRENANT, Jacques (Soldier) Jette. possibly from St-Martin-du-Vieux- 167. VISAGE, René (Laborer) departed Belleme. Jette p.1058. Tourouvre 1647. 36 mo. contract 18 158. TAVERNIER (or LETAVERNIER), Feb 1647 Notary CHOISEAU. Annual Eloi with wife Marguerite GAGNON salary 50 Pounds. Received a pair of from Tourouvre (daughter of Renée shoes. Couldn’t sign his name. Single. GAGNON nee ROGER) & children Not in Jette. Marguerite & Marie (became a nun) departed Randonnai probably 1643. REFERENCES Jette p1065. 159. TREHARD, Jean (Sergetier), de- (All in French. To my knowledge none parted Randonnai 1648. 36 mo. contract can be purchased in the USA) 2 Mar 1648 notary CHOISEAU. Annual salary 60 pounds, 15 in advance. Could Catalogue des 279 Percerons- sign his name. Not in Jette. Percherones, Ornais-Ornaises, 160. TREMBLAY, Pierre (Laborer) de- parties pour la Nouvelle France au parted Randonnai 1647. Father-in-law XVIIe, debut XVIIIe siecle by Jean- of Nicolas ROUSSIN. 30 month con- François Hubert-Rouleau for Le Musee tract 9 Apr 1647 notary CHOISEAU. d’histoire de l’emigration percheronne Annual salary 75 pounds. Couldn’t sign au Canada. An unpublished 1987 paper his name. Single. Jette p1088. which in columnar format giving some 161. TREMOND, Daniel (Sergetier) detrails of 279 persons from Perche departed Tourouvre 1648. 36 mo. con- and elsewhere in Orne including tract 26 Feb 1647 Notary CHOISEAU. children who migrated from France to Annual salary 55 pounds. Received a pair Québec primarily in the 17th century. of shoes. Could sign his name. Single. The data include: full name including Not in Jette. “dit” name; place of origin; place and 162. TROTTIER, Gilles (Laborer) with year of departure from France; wife Catherine LOISEAU & sons Gilles, profession; birth and death year; place Julien, Antoine & Pierre all from Ige, of death; relation to others who departed La Rochelle 1646, Jette migrated; and page in Jette where the p1091. person is mentioned. The paper also 163. TRUDEL, Jean (Weaver) departed summarizes some of the demographics Parfindeval. Jette p1096. of the emigrants. It is apparent that the 164. TURGEON, Charles with wife some of the author’s data came from Pasquiere LEFEBVRE & children Jette. 35pp. Marie-Claire, Jacques & Anne departed Mortagne 1662. Jette p1100. Dictionnaire genealogique des 165. VALIN, Charles (Soldier) departed familles du Québec des origines a Renalard. Not in Jette. 1730. 1983. Rene Jette & Programme 166. VIGNERON, René (Laborer) de- de Recherche en demographic parted L’Home-Chamondot 1647. 36 historique de l’Université de Montréal. mo. contract 19 Mar 1647 notary 1176pp. 43 350e anniversaire du depart des visit Perche. 87pp. premiers colonspercherons de Tourouvre au Perche a la Nouvelle L’Histoire de Tourouvre ses habitants France. 1984. By M. & Mme Pierre a travers son patrimonie, 1980. A Montagne and edited by the commune short town history apparently prepared of Tourouvre. Of particular note is a by the city. Contains only two pages page listing the essentials of about the emigration to New France. engagement contract to go to France of 18pp. 41 Tourouvrans before the notary Choiseau of Tourouvre. The data for L’Emigration tourouvrain au each engagee included: the name of the Canada, catalogue de l’exposition. hirer (typically one of the Juchereau 1984. Apparently by the city of brothers); the name of the recruiter Tourouvre. 18pp. (typically a Juchereau); the engagee; parish of origin of the engagee; whether Naissance d’une Population. 1987. or not he knew how to sign his name (in L’Institut National d’Etudes Demo- most cases, “no”); occupation; duration graphiques of the University of of contract; annual salary in livres Montreal. (pounds); advance of salary; shoes or apparel given to the engagee; whether An outstanding reference which married or single; and date of contract. gives demographics of the Québec 21pp. pioneers. 229pp.

Au Perche des Canadiens-Français, I authorize persons to make copies 1991. Mme Pierre Montagne. Provides of this paper, or portions of this paper, a short biography for about 100 of the as long as the material is never sold. I Perche emigrees. Also provides an request to be given the Web Page excellent guide for those who want to address if anybody places this paper or portions of it on their Web Page.

I have kleptomania, but when it gets bad I take something for it.

If marriage were outlawed, only outlaws would have in-laws.

I am not a perfectionist. My parents were, though.

You’re getting old when you get the same sensation from a rocking chair that you once got from a roller coaster.

An optimist thinks that this is the best possible world. A pessimist fears that this is true.

People will accept your ideas much more readily if you tell them that Benjamin Franklin said it first.

44 KATHY SEARS 508-678-1014 ($350.00 Complete)

45 Discovery and Connections on Québec Tour

by: Francis Alfred Poulin

In September 2002, over 70 ing on genealogy at all. members and guests joined an excursion to the city of Québec and neigh- Whatever these personal back- boring areas. The American-French grounds, we would also connect with Genealogical Society (AFGS) had or- the land and with the history of les ganized this tour for months and ex- Québecois. There would be discovery ceeded the original goal of using one of new things to make a happy blend motor coach within a few weeks of the with things we already knew. After official announcement. We all met early lunch, we saw the first hint of the colo- on a cool Monday morning in Woon- nial scheme of allocating land to les socket, Rhode Island. We had come habitants when the forested mountains from various places: just down the of Vermont gave way to the long, nar- street, from nearby towns of New En- row strips of farm land in the Eastern gland, and from states such as New Jer- Townships of the province of Québec. sey, California, Illinois, and Virginia. The approach to our destination over the All from the United States, we were Saint Lawrence River gave us a view of bilingual folks, we were English-only the way the land meets the water on speaking folks with French and both sides. Between the steep slopes French-variant surnames, and we were and the shorelines that meet a fifteen English speaking folks with non-French foot high tide, there are narrow strips heritage. of flat land. The slopes rise steeply to a plain on each side. Québec City is on Some of us were old school the northwest shore, and the city of chums, some were spouses and friends, Lévis is on the southeast. On the Québec but many of us were strangers. Connec- City side, the steep slopes in part are tions happened during this trip. Connec- actually cliffs. tions began on the two busses, as we rode through New Hampshire and Ver- We met our bilingual tour mont, and at the first lunch stop, a nice guides at supper at our hotel in the sub- lakeside restaurant in Vermont. We be- urb of Sainte Foy. During our tour, gan to get acquainted. Some of us had Suzanne MORIN and Louis ARCHER visited the city of Québec before; some would speak to us in English and explain had not. Some of us had worked on our whatever French came along. They were family histories for years; some were very well qualified, knowledgeable and just beginning. Others were not work- fun. I later learned that our guides were 46 history majors. their language, and their legal system. Why? One reason was to preclude the My wife Anna was with me. usually peaceful French from joining She and I are but one example of the eth- the American Revolution. Learning nic variety in our group. Anna's ances- more about these historical changes is try is Irish. We believe that part of her part of what made our visits to our an- Irish ancestry goes back to the Norman cestral areas interesting. activities in Ireland about the 12th century. I know that part of my French-Ca- The next morning, as we rode nadian ancestry goes back to Normandy. along a beautiful, riverside parkway to- Perhaps there was a connection in our ward Vieux Québec (Old Québec), mutual ancestries, maybe a close, geo- Suzanne, our tour guide on AFGS Bus graphic one, or at least a cultural one. 2, described historical events of inter- One can easily suppose such things. But est. Samuel de CHAMPLAIN founded more significantly, we know that the Québec as a trading post in 1608. There lives of our ancestors, both Irish and followed five British invasions of the French-Canadian, were deeply affected city, the last one in 1759 leading to a by the conflicts our respective peoples permanent loss of French control. Ac- had with England. counts of history tell us that the French Regime ended by treaty in 1763 after British conquests over Acadia other British victories. The British and Canada on the one hand and over Ire- Regime survived until 1867 when a land on the other hand resulted from the confederation of provinces created the same British views of the world, the Dominion of Canada. British troops same ambitions and policies. Working finally left the continent in 1871. in the same era as many European nations in establishing colonies around the We passed under cliffs now world, the English excelled in building famous in illustrations of the British their British Empire. Yet Anna and I soldiers climbing toward the Plains of know that they tailored the implemen- Abraham for their successful attack, tation of their ambitions and policies to and just beyond the dock for the ferry the different circumstances found within to Lévis, we stopped to disembark. We their conquered territories. In Ireland were now below the bluff upon which for centuries, the British enforced their sits Le Château Frontenac. We were military, political, and religious will at a part of Vieux Québec called Basse- over the population. Catholicism en- ville (Lower Town). dured underground. In Acadia, the Brit- ish resorted to massive removal of the The first part of our walking population. Small numbers of Acadians tour was along Rue du Petit Champ- escaped to Canada (i.e., the part of New lain. This street runs alongside the base France that was the Saint Lawrence of a cliff. According to the AAA/CAA River valley) while others managed to Tour Book, this street may be the old- survive in remote areas of Acadia itself. est in North America. For pedestrian In Canada, the British did not force les and limited delivery traffic only, the Québecois to change their religion, street caters to shopping and eating. 47 The northern end of one build- mous explorer of the west. Historical ing that abuts the cliff is entirely occu- accounts show that, with Father Mar- pied by a trompe-l'œil (to fool the eye) quette and five other companions in fresco. This seemingly three dimen- birch bark canoes, JOLLIET travelled sional painting, done in the year 2001 the Mississippi River far enough south by three Quebecers, provides a view of to prove that it flows into the Gulf of an external brick wall matching the real Mexico and not the Gulf of California. brick on the front of the house, but most of that wall is largely cut away to re- At a right angle to the fun- veal the interior rooms of a bygone iculaire, the Éscalier Casse-Cou time. One can see details of post (Breakneck Stairs) rises along another -and-beam construction. There are slope about two or three stories high scenes of small-ship building, a tavern, toward a street that continues the up- a family with the tail of a pet raccoon hill climb. In times of an earlier, more overhanging a beam along with the legs rustic construction of the steps, and of a child, sail repair at the third level while a tavern on the heights served along with a lady in the window search- Basse-ville patrons, the stairs were the ing the distance with hand-shaded eyes, scene of accidents involving both man presumably for a returning ship. And and beast. In early days (1698), there also at the third level, the fresco shows came the prohibition of leading live- a room with its roof under construction stock on the stairs. or repair with a view of the open sky and sea gulls through the beams. Having spent a bit of time along the Rue du Petit Champlain with In an open area in front of the its history, many of us in the group fresco, there is a charming little gar- could have imagined connections with den with a large outcropping of rock and past ancestors, particularly while gaz- cliff side foliage. Beautiful flowering ing at the Éscalier Casse-Cou. Some plants surround a cross and small stat- of my ancestors knew this place. I do ues of the Blessed Mother and of Saint not know yet how many there might have Joseph and Child. been, because I am still tracking all the names back from the mid-1700s. I have At the north end of Rue du gone this far back with the great help Petit Champlain where it intersects of the microfiche lending library of the Rue Sous-le-fort (Below the Fort AFGS. I have collected only about 30 Street), another house, Maison Louis surnames of the first of my ancestors Jolliet built in 1683, is the base of the to arrive from France. My POULIN well used funiculaire (funicular) that ancestor must have known this place. I transports people between the Basse- understand that my TURCOTTE ances- ville and the Haute-Ville (Upper Town). tor and his wife, Acadian refugees of Two counterbalancing, glass walled 1755, spent a few weeks or months in cable cars, each on its own steeply in- the local area before taking land at Saint clined rails, cycle back and forth to the Gervais in Bellechasse across the river level of the Château Frontenac. Suzanne and a bit downstream. Many others in noted that Louis JOLLIET was the fa- our group should be able to name indi- 48 vidual ancestors in the same way. Some the ceiling above the center pews is a in the group, just beginning their work warship model, with the lower part of in French-Canadian family history, will the hull in gleaming red. The model someday know the names. Even early honors the soldiers of le régiment de colonists passing through on their way Carignan. The red finish relates to the to settlement or assignment in Trois- ox blood used to treat hulls of ships Rivières and in Ville-Marie (Mont-réal) against water leakage. After the tour, I the families, the filles du Roi (Daugh- learned that the soldiers had come to ters of the King), the soldiers, and the subdue the Iroquois in the years 1665 indentured men later turned colonist to 1668, mostly around Montréal and many spent days or weeks in this area to the West. awaiting further transport upriver. Later in the day, Suzanne de- The second part of the walking scribed a sharp contrast between two tour brought us to Place Royale, el- major groups of Amerindians. Spanning evated a few feet above flood stage. This the centuries, the Amerindians of the is where CHAMPLAIN established his Huron tribe have had good relations trading post next to the river. Built of with the French, whereas the Iroquois, wood, the trading post did not survive traditional enemy of the Huron, be- fire, and all traces are gone. Now there came the enemy of the French. About are outline markings on the stone pave- five miles north of Québec City, there ment. Most of the site is occupied by is a Huron reservation where there ex- the beautiful church Église Notre- ists a mixture of European blood. This Dame-des-Victoires that evolved from mixing occurred through both marriage 1688 as the first chapel for the lower and illegitimate contact. Notable in the town people. A plaque on the outside culture of the Huron Amerindians has reminds us that this church is the oldest been their love of children and respect church built of stone in present-day for life, with children being the key to province of Québec. survival. An example of Amerindian benefit to the French was the native Stone houses surround the practice of eating cedar bark that plaza, and those on two sides have shops yielded the vitamin C necessary to pre- at street level. Tourist literature indi- vent the deadly disease of scurvy. cates these 18th century houses have most of their original walls. On the While in the plaza, Suzanne plaza itself, there is a charming bust rep- reflected on CHAMPLAIN's missions, resentation of King Louis XIV. He is on which were to promote the fur trade, a small pedestal; you can look at him convert the natives, and populate the eye to eye! colony. Historians tell us that until his death in 1635, CHAMPLAIN was suc- Inside the church, an interior cessful in the trade, and there was some guide elaborated on its history. The success in converting natives. But even church had been destroyed by British in 1663, 55 years after he founded bombardment and then rebuilt after the Québec City, there were only about British Regime began. Suspended from 2,500 people in New France. Most 49 were men. sorbed into the French-Canadian community. We know that the Irish had Before leaving the plaza, come in large numbers during the fam- Suzanne was kind enough not to hint that ine, 1845-1849. Grosse Île, 30 miles her audience or any of its ancestors away in the Saint Lawrence River, was might have been affected, but she gave a quarantine site for all immigrants. an account about one of the effects of Here in 1847, authorities tried to pre- the fur trade. In the process of making vent typhoid fever from coming to the hats, people of early times used mer- mainland. Many immigrants the major- cury as part of the treatment process. ity were Irish died on Grosse Île. Over There came about the expression vous 3,000 Irish were buried in trenches in travaillez du chapeau, literally: you the Irish cemetery that year, joining the work on hats. The meaning was: You're older graves of others caught in chol- crazy. Suzanne noted the English ex- era epidemics. Today, there is a Celtic pression that we all know: Mad Hatter. cross that keeps their memory. Years of exposure to mercury poison- ing had its legacy in many languages. Making our way toward the bus, we passed abreast of the restored Our visit to Place Royale pro- Batterie Royale. This location gave me vides another occasion to wonder if we an excellent camera shot of the land- can discover family connections mark Château Frontenac, the grand ho- through history. Were ancestors of our tel built by the Canadian Pacific Rail- group baptized or married here? Some way at the Haute Ville at a time when 400 of the Carignan Regiment soldiers railroad companies did such things. remained in the colony. How many of During the late 1800s, railroads devel- them became ancestors of families who oped many vacation destinations eventually migrated to the United throughout the continent to attract States? Franco-Americans with ances- more and more passengers. tors in the Richelieu Valley between Lake Champlain and the Saint Lawrence Now climbing toward the River are more likely than others to heights, our driver survived a momen- have these connections. tary panic as we approached a vaulted stone overpass. It lacked the height limit On leaving the Place Royale, sign that is customary in the United we came upon another trompe-l'œil States; he just put his trust in Suzanne! wall, quite a bit larger than the first. This With two brief stops and while riding one shows major events of Québec his- along, we took in some of the major tory, blending the old and the new. One attractions in Haute Ville. image is of a 20th century mother handling a stroller with a little boy. Deco- We stopped before the Parlia- rating the stroller is a green flag with ment Building for a photo opportunity. shamrock. Both mother and boy have Built during Queen Victoria's reign slightly reddish hair. Suzanne explained (1886), this building features the first that the Irish people who did not mi- use of the motto: Je me souviens (I re- grate elsewhere are now largely ab- member), which is placed above the 50 main door. The structure memorializes Québec will impact family history. 22 French-Canadian heroes, their large Wives, those already married, and statues arrayed on the front. The sec- women coming to marriage now use ond stop was at Lookout Point at the east their maiden surnames. Their children end of les plaines d'Abraham. This lo- may be given the surnames of the moth- cation is east of the cliffs scaled by the ers. And, perhaps more bewildering British soldiers. A few of the landmarks than ever, children may use surnames that we saw up close were the length of compounded from syllables of the sur- les plaines d'Abraham, the Hôtel-Dieu names of both parents, i.e. father at the site of a hospital built in 1639, NORMAN and mother MORIN could several shopping areas, and finally the create NORIN not too bad in this ex- Château Frontenac. While riding about ample. the area, Suzanne entertained us with vivid descriptions of military actions, One of Suzanne’s anecdotes of fascinating explanations of various for- the early days related that Abraham tifications and monuments, and com- MARTIN, in 1630, lived nearby and mentary about the neighborhood settled used land that was not his own to pas- by the British in the early 1800s. ture his livestock. His neighbors came to refer to the land by his name. An- In Québec City of recent other anecdote described a military fi- years, there has been population change. asco that contributed to the British vic- The English have largely left the area, tory in 1759. A summer long siege moving westward to Montréal and be- ended with a battle on the Plains of yond. A Jewish cemetery is close to the Abraham. Montcalm, the French gen- Haute-Ville. The old synagogue is a the- eral, held his best forces east of the city ater, while the new synagogue is now in and placed his poorest soldiers on the the basement of a private home. The plains to the west. The militia leader people had moved to Montréal 10 years on the plains had then permitted his ago. It was not explicitly mentioned, but members to go home on a moonless I am sure the political climate had some- night, with little or no guard force on thing to do with this. picket duty. Five thousand British soldiers climbed the sheer, practically ver- An ethnic and cultural change tical cliffs from the Saint Lawrence of an Asian nature now enters the Prov- River to the plains. Men and cannon ince of Québec. In the past 15 years, formed a line about a mile and a half there have been many adoptions of Chi- long. In 15 minutes of battle, the French nese children, mostly girls. The govern- lost the fight, and both armies lost their ment is actively promoting the immi- leading generals. Today near the scene, gration of Vietnamese people, their fa- one may see a unique monument to miliarity with French culture and lan- both men, the French MONTCALM and guage being of benefit. Suzanne sug- the English WOLFE. gested that visitors in 75 years would find a large Asian and mixed populace. I would very much like to learn the name of that militia leader. Another change in modern day Was he one of my ancestors? Or was 51 one of the militia members an ances- using metallic thread, painting with tor? As other connections go, I can needle, and gilding with gold leaf. The imagine that another of my ancestors, room contains many displays of work Sieur Pierre BOUCHER, governor of accomplished through the years. There Trois Rivières and founder of Boucher- are works involving birch bark, porcu- ville, accompanied by his wife, would pine quills, beads, baskets, and boxes. have visited the Château Saint Louis, For those of us who are keenly inter- home of the governor of New France, ested in such skilled handwork, this was at the location now occupied by the truly a most rewarding visit. Château Frontenac. I will have more about the BOUCHER connection later. Now, I have another occasion Ancestors of many of us on the AFGS to muse about my ancestral connec- tour would have known and walked the tions. Marie GUYART de l’Incarnation streets to the early colonial institu- came ashore after a particularly stormy tions: hospital, church, school, and con- voyage that began on 4 May 1639. The vent. A few could have visited or even ship was one of three arriving on 1 Au- lodged in the prison. gust, the first arrivals that year, and the next would arrive on 18 August. In the afternoon at the Musée Whereas the Ursulines came to teach, des Ursulines, we were treated with the there were several nuns of another re- details of the purpose and the life of a ligious order who came to found the nun. Life was within the cloister with hospital. According to Mr. GAGNÉ, strict rules controlling visitation by there were also three young women, priest, relative, and doctor. To exit available for marriage, who arrived in would require the permission of the 1639. One of these, Jeanne MERCIER, Bishop. The purpose was to teach. And married my surname ancestor Claude this the nuns did, within the convent, for POULIN on 8 August 1639. Since a the girls of both the Amerindians and lady of stature acted as chaperone on the French. Arriving in Québec with any voyage to New France for other- several other Ursulines in 1639, Marie wise unaccompanied children and GUYART de l’Incarnation settled in a young women, what better companion small house down at Place Royale and could authorities have selected for a began taking students. A more perma- young women than one of the nuns, pos- nent structure was completed three sibly Marie GUYART? years later at the Upper Town site where the museum is located today. The mu- Before returning to the hotel seum takes one directly into the atmo- for a brief rest, we had free time, dis- sphere of the times: the oratory for covery time, for about an hour. Suzanne mass, prayer, and contemplation; the pointed out the directions for my wife infirmary, with tools for rudimentary and me to find the Parc Montmorency. bleeding; the refectory or dining hall, I had read a few years ago that there is a with basic table settings; the cell or plaque with the name of my POULIN bedroom; and what is now called the ancestor at the monument to Louis Crafts Room. This room focuses on HÉBERT. The monument, which in- embroidery, along with delicate arts of cludes pleasing figures representing 52 Louis HÉBERT’s family, was easy to Where were they? What immigration find. The plaque has the title: Les pre- paths to the United States did they take? miers colons de Québec (The First What migration since then? Colonists of Québec). The plaque also contains a tribute of sorts: Ils ont été à Having had dinner, would the la peine; qu’ils soient à l'honneur, day be done? Not for about half of the roughly meaning, They had a hard time; AFGS tour group. As we left the res- that they have a place of honor. taurant, each bus group split up and remerged into one group headed for the Claude POULIN and Jeanne hotel and the other group going to visit MERCIER were listed among 47 coup- La Société de Généalogie de Québec les. After returning home, while look- (SGQ) on the campus of the Université ing at my old notes and with quick re- Laval in Sainte-Foy. search in several marriage index CD-ROMs including the red Drouin First was a rather informal published by AFGS, I discovered that at meeting. Before the trip, some of us least seven more couples listed on the had identified research questions and plaque are among my ancestors. They interests that the AFGS had then for- include Louis HÉBERT with his wife warded to the SGQ. About six members Marie ROLLET and Abraham MARTIN of the SGQ greeted us. They acknowl- with Marguerite LANGLOIS. I asked edged our query package and indicated myself why there were so many ances- that the contents would become avail- tors noted here? This can perhaps best able to their membership with the hope be explained by the small population of that this would generate some future, the time. In 1636, there were only about individual contact. Mr. Roger BAR- 250 French people, including the chil- THOLOMY, our AFGS President, pro- dren. So if you have one ancestor posed that the AFGS help SGQ install among them, it seems likely you would a list of member names on their web have several more, since the children site to assist researchers interested in and grandchildren of the first settlers researching names of interest. Such a married each other within a very small list is now at the SGQ site. Mr. André population base. DAUPHIN of the SGQ presented us with their new, two-volume set: Ma- At dinner, conversation was riages du comté de Kamouraska, happy and energetic. It was a great op- 1685-1990. portunity for more socialization and for comparing points about our visit, about Next, the SGQ members took the attractions, about other travels some us to their library. We turned that place of us had had, about our connections into a busy bee hive. It was amazing to with the local history, and of great in- see this. Some AFGS members rushed terest to many of us about how things to specific book shelves, others evolved between the ancestors of 300 browsed about to get their bearings, and to 380 years ago in small localities of still more at the tables and computers New France and us, their descendants happily thanked SGQ helpers for com- scattered about in the United States. pleting searches for information. As 53 for myself, I copied pages from two level, a set of large photographs taken publications that I specifically wanted in former years of local features of ev- and captured additional information eryday life. A small gift shop behind the while browsing SGQ holdings on cer- altar introduces charming craft work, tain family names. Some of us kept go- from clothing and household goods to ing strong until library closing time of toys. There is also, in the shop, a framed, 10 PM. We boarded the bus in rain that hand-written list of 37 root family predicted the weather for the next day. names of people buried since 1679 in the old parish cemetery. Rain dominated our second touring day. Fortunately, our scheduled During our circuit of the is- attractions were indoors. The morning land, our driver slowed down at selected destination was the Île d'Orléans. This spots where family associations or is a rather large island, about 20 miles groups have set road-side markers, long, just downriver and northeast of small monuments with plaques celebrat- Québec City. Suzanne gave us a run- ing their family names. There are per- down as we rode along the highway. The haps several dozen of these along the island was one of the earliest areas of 42 mile chemin Royal. Suzanne worked expansion for settlement outside the a list of surnames, and anyone on the city, beginning in 1639, (but accelerat- bus who called interest in a particular ing only about 30 years later). There had name could attempt a photograph. The been 317 root families on the island. challenges were to spot the markers in Our four stops on the island would con- time and to focus cameras beyond the centrate on these roots and show rain swept windows of the bus. glimpses of the way of life at the beginning. Eel fishing with torches at night Our second and third stops at the western end facing Québec City were at the Maison de nos Aïeux and fed the mystique of the island that the at the Maison Drouin. One organiza- Amerindians called the Isle of the Sor- tion (Fondation François LAMY) runs cerers. Even today, off-islanders call both places. This foundation's web site, the local residents sorcerers. apparently by a different way of count- ing root families, holds the count at 264 8:46 AM. Wednesday, 11 Sep- instead of the 317 given by Suzanne as tember. Still on the bus. One minute of reflected several paragraphs above. SILENCE! Very much appreciated. Occupying the former rectory of the Sainte-Famille parish, the House of our The first stop at Saint-Pierre Ancestors features a large, table-top, (Saint Peter) church, built in 1717, three dimensional model of the island. brought us back to simplicity, almost The geographic features are annotated puritanical, in design and decoration in grid fashion with outlines of the compared to the churches in the city. early farms and the names of the first Yet here, the altars are enriched in gold. settlers. The grid of long, narrow strips Of stone outside, the structure presents is like the layout of the farms we saw a solid look. This church is now decon- as we rode into Canada. This display secrated. It serves to house, at floor drew the attention of many eyes for 54 many minutes looking for connections and Cyrille DROUIN. with family names. Our host told me The older part of the house about a POULIN seigneurie on the is- was built by René BAUCHÉ. Origi- land, but this did not involve any of my nally, there were no interior walls. The POULIN ancestors. (More about dirt floor served all the activities of a seigneuries later.) In another room was household of 19 children. The family a temporary display of colorful and de- slept on the ground. Also, a few ani- tailed models of horse drawn sleighs and mals would have been sheltered here. wagons with people belonging to any In its present configuration, there is a number of functions and missions, in- wood floor, and there is no plumbing. cluding fire fighting. There had been a The original space is subdivided into family name gathering a few weeks prior three rooms, so that a small room at to our visit; on a counter top was a nicely the front door could be perhaps a sew- stained and varnished wooden plaque ing room, and another small room is a with the words: Fiers de nos Aïeux pantry. The main room has a large fire- Rioux (Proud of our RIOUX Ances- place with a huge cast iron pot that tors). The plaque would soon be hang- hangs from a wooden arm pivoting ing at its intended place. And there is a from the edge of the fireplace open- book store, well stocked with informa- ing. tion pertaining to specific family names and with maps taken from early surveys In 1725, an extension was of land holdings. Our group kept the made to the southeast end of the house, cashiers busy. I bought one of the maps. now enclosing the chimney. This newer It has been a great help in tracking the part consists of three rooms at ground specific locations of my various ances- level and an upper space with a dormer. tral families whose marriages were re- The two smaller rooms at the front are corded at l'Île d'Orléans. I also found an furnished as bed rooms, and the larger informative 28 page POULAIN/ room that connects to the older part of POULIN booklet published in conjunc- the house is the kitchen. A small, cast tion with a 350th anniversary gathering iron stove has two cook top spaces and in August 1989. This celebration had is also a space heater. taken place at Sainte-Anne de Beaupré. The day of our visit, the fire- The Maison Drouin was a short place in the old section had a small fire. drive away. The last residents were a During early family life, there was a DROUIN brother and sister who lived fire day and night, summer and winter, there until 1984. Built of stone in 1675, to serve daily needs. On the adjacent this was one of the first homes on the wall is the bread oven, formerly fired island and is the oldest still standing. A up once a week. This oven would re- notary in 1734 provided information quire four to five hours to reach bak- about the house already passing through ing temperature. Bread would be in- three families. According to a recent serted at the point when one could not e-mail from the Fondation François keep the hand in the oven while saying LAMY, the three proprietors had been Ave Maria three times. The bread would René BAUCHÉ, Jean-Baptiste CANAC, be finished in about 20 to 25 minutes. 55 Arriving at the Maison Drouin nantly face the river that was the focus was a pleasant discovery. I had a vague of the lives of the river pilots who in- notion from memory of my research habited the southeast shore of the is- that a BAUCHÉ could have been one land. The houses simply reflect the eco- of my ancestors. I could only suppress nomic advantage of an occupation that the feeling of thrill and connection directly supported commerce. while realizing at the same time that this house was similar to other ances- Bread was a major theme of tral homes in the area that is, nothing our last stop on the island. Across the special. I now know that there were two road from the Saint-Laurent church, brothers BAUCHÉ, also spelled BAU- which was closed to visitors for the CHER, BAUCHET, and maybe even season, is the Galerie le Jardin des BOUCHER in the local records. Their Arts. The first room of the shop is given first names were Guillaume and René. to breads of many varieties. The re- My ancestor was Guillaume. Although maining spaces contain some nice his younger brother René BAUCHER crafts. If we had been there in season, dit Sanssoucy built the house, I feel we would have entered the Exposition certain that Guillaume and his family, d'Art Religieux at the church. living only one and one half miles away, had put their marks of wear on this On the bridge back to the house. In fact, on the map that I men- mainland, we had excellent views of the tioned above with information dated Chute Montmorency (Montmorency 1709, the name of one of Guillaume's Falls). These falls, where the river of sons, Guillaume BAUCHER (dit Mor- the same name tumbles into the Saint ency) appears at René BAUCHÉ's prop- Lawrence River, are taller (by 98 feet) erty. I can find no evidence that any of than the Niagara Falls. We were return- René's four sons by two of his three or ing to Québec City in the early after- four wives had married or lived long noon for lunch and free time discov- enough to take over the land. It is fur- ery. ther interesting to me that René rented his land to a neighboring tenant farmer Anna and I headed for the from April 1687 through 1692. The Musée de l'Amérique Française (Mu- renter was Jean RIOUX, the first of the seum of French America). The museum RIOUX cited on the plaque mentioned occupies spaces in the old buildings of above. Jean would later establish a the Séminaire de Québec. The entrance seigneury at Trois-Pistoles about 120 is on the same plaza as the Basili- miles downriver by boat and bring some que-cathédrale Notre-Dame de Qué- of his neighbors with him. Jean RIOUX bec. We made a quick detour into this was another one of my ancestors. That church. Suzanne later informed us that was a tight little group! the church was burned during the Brit- ish Conquest in 1759, and then again Back on the bus, we rode by arson in 1922. In the latest rebuild- through the parish of Saint-Jean. Here ing, instead of the traditional gold or- the older homes are larger than else- namentation in the altar areas, there is where on the island, and they predomi- Dutch gold that includes a mixture of 56 copper. The basilica follows a long line Franco-Ontario, the French in the West, of chapels and churches at or near the the Métis, and the Franco-Americans site that were all named Notre-Dame, in New England. Any descendant of the but with various suffixes. The first French settlers of present-day Canada chapel was built by CHAMPLAIN in would find an excellent introductory 1633. The earliest structures were ei- overview here. This overview of history ther destroyed by fire or simply re- helps in understanding the records and placed. Many of the earliest baptisms, stories about individuals with how, why, marriages, and burials noted today in and where things happened to these family research occurred here. One people. early fire required reconstruction of some records from memory, with fairly This visit helped us under- good but incomplete results. stand the growth and migration of population. A display at the museum shows Finally at the Musée de l'Am- numbers about New England. In a re- érique Française, the way to the major cent study, there were 2,354,648 exhibit areas in another building took us French Canadian ethnic people in New through a chapel, 111 years old, more England. This is 18% of the total New the size of a small church and now England population. Only 377,034, or deconsecrated. After passing through a three percent, were Francophone or large hallway with displays of old French speaking. Today, as Suzanne in- Québec City, the seminary, and the daily formed us, there are 12.1 million life there, and then passing through a people of French Canadian extraction courtyard that still shows the atmo- in North America. The majority, 6.3 sphere of being within the seminary million, are outside the Province of walls, we found the permanent exhibit Québec, with 5.8 million in the prov- areas. ince.

We entered one of the two per- Suzanne also told us that manent exhibitions, Amérique française, Québec City recently had a population and concentrated on the displays per- of 169,000. Through the merger of 13 taining to Québec. We skipped sitting cities, the population is now given as down for the large screen video. The half a million. We easily forget that this displays and explanations in both French all began with a small ship load or two and English are extremely well selected of men almost 400 years ago. At the and presented. They are a visual story founding in 1608, 28 men remained to of discovery and settlement, of life's winter over, but only eight survived the challenges and conditions, and of daily winter. An English speaking nun in the weapons, tools, and articles. We noted chapel at the Musée des Ursulines told a collection of large file cards that dis- Anna and me that in 1636 the popula- cuss French surnames. tion of the city was 250 people. Suzanne mentioned that when the The museum also includes dis- population reached 500, one hundred plays on settlement and migration in six of the people were religious meaning other regions: Acadia, Louisiana, clergy and nuns. A large majority were 57 still men. And by 1663 as we noted New France by 1673 had the popula- above, the number for all of New France tion base for most of the French-Can- reached 2,500. New France then in- adian descendancy that we know today. cluded Acadia; Canada, which was the In 1681, the population reached an es- area on each side of the Saint Lawrence timated 10,000. As tabulated by histo- River; and the Great Lakes region. It rian Marcel TRUDEL, immigration up would be 10 years later when JOLLIET to 1680 was 3,802. Immigration con- explored the Mississippi River, leading tinued for another 80 years until the to the French settlement of Louisiana. British Conquest in 1760, by which time an additional 6,300 people had im- Although the population migrated. But the greater numbers of reached 2,500 by the year 1663, only later immigrants probably had less im- 262 single girls and women available pact than the internal growth driven by for marriage arrived by the end of 1662 the arrival of les filles du Roi and the according to author Peter J. GAGNÉ. earlier women. These women com- These girls and women came sponsored prised about ten percent of the total by seigneurs, business men, and nuns. immigration. Estimates indicate that But the pace remained far too low to most of the other immigrants were: stimulate sufficient population growth 3,900 tradesmen, 3,500 military re- from within the colony. The government cruits, and 1,000 deported or exiled stepped in. people. The total immigration during the French Regime was about 10,100, As Suzanne indicated, King and the population reached 85,000. Louis XIV instituted les Filles du Roi Overall, these numbers are small. At (Daughters of the King) in 1663. Dur- several markers during colonial times, ing an eleven year period, about 800 the population of New France ranged women arrived with dowries provided from about one to seven percent of the by the government and the freedom un- population of the other European colo- known in France to choose their hus- nies along the Atlantic seaboard. bands in a process of chaperoned inter- views. The majority were from Paris Having concentrated on Am- and its surrounding areas and most were érique française at the museum, we orphans. These women would have an missed seeing the other permanent ex- average of 12 children each, and their hibit: Histoire des Collections du next generation would also have an av- Séminaire de Québec (History of the erage of 12. The program ended in Collections of The Seminary of Qué- 1673, deemed too costly. Family his- bec). The seminary not only was a place torian William KANE indicates that the to educate candidates for the priest- Crown, with France again at war, lost hood, but it also provided education for interest in populating the colony. the other professions, including the sciences. Apparently, the seminary's What was the impact of the priests and faculty were pack rats. Their arrival in New France of about 1,060 acquisitions exemplify the cultures of marriageable girls and women during the years and the expansive education the first 65 years? We can suppose that in the fine arts, religion, and science. 58 In the evening, we visited La What about seigneurie? A Cabane à Pierre, a maple sugar shack. seigneury itself was a large tract of It is located in a wooded area in the town land, an estate. The Canadian seign- of Frampton in the Beauce County half eurial system was not France's feudal way between Québec City and the bor- system transplanted here in North der with Maine. We arrived just before America. Historian Marcel TRUDEL dark. Some of us first entered a low makes a clear distinction when he building where the evaporation of sap states: The seigneurial system prac- to syrup and sugar making take place. ticed in New France was a modified We saw the equipment and heard about version of the seigneurial system that the syrup-making process. Next door, at had existed in France since feudal tables with large decanters of maple times.... In a previous publication writ- syrup, the wait staff served us with large ten for La Société His-torique du bowls and platters of French Canadian Canada, TRUDEL describes the seign- food. We shared family style. Music eurial system as originating well before came from a guitar and an accordion. the feudal system and as continuing af- There were a washboard and spoons for ter the death of the feudal system. Dur- tour members to play, and plenty of ing feudal times, the seigneurial sys- dancing. The center piece of the small tem, an economic structure, had been stage was a replica of an old or early integrated into the feudal system, a 20th century black wood kitchen stove military structure18. elaborately decorated in bronze, a piece that would have been out of range for Briefly, the Canadian seign- the plain folk. We kept cashiers fairly eurial system borrowed the words and busy with purchases of maple products some of the ceremony from the French and music CDs. I did not see a frown feudal system. The ceremony was the whole evening, but I did see tired largely symbolic. A few of the first faces coming off the dance floor. It was seigneurs were of the nobility; most a happy time. were commoners. There were no serfs. A seigneur had social status, The next morning, we greeted much like the parish priest. In official the bright sunlight. We were on our way papers, his title was usually not Seig- to la Côte-du-Sud (The South Shore) neur, which translates as Lord, but downstream from the city. The first des- Sieur, which equates to Esquire. This tination, about 75 miles away, was La title simply referred to his status as Seigneurie des Aulnaies in the village being of the landed gentry, to owner- of Saint-Roch-des-Aulnaies. Our bus ship of land. But the popular use of members discussed the strange place Seigneur conveyed status and respect. names. Eventually, there was agreement, The seigneur was denied many of the with the help of someone's pocket dic- rights and privileges of the feudal lord tionary, that the names were about the in France. He had a job to do, given to alder bush. The word aulnaies derives him by the government; this job was to from aulne (alder) and indicates a place colonize the land. He had rights and where alders grow. duties tightly controlled by signed contract with the government. He recruited 59 tenants. The duties and rights of the ten- ing the lay of the land, the rivière ant were likewise tightly controlled by Ferrée, and the canal dedicated to the signed contract. The seigneur acted at larger water flow requirement of the once as a government official or admin- present mill. istrator and as an entrepreneur with his grist mill and with the land holdings he Three of the major working kept for himself. He was bound to make features of the mill are the waterwheel, a mill available to the tenants. Taxes and the millstones, and the bolter. The wheel fees were tightly controlled by con- is inside the building at one end and is tract; they ranged in value from token the largest one currently working in to fair. Tenants could sell their land and Canada, being 21 feet in diameter and move on, as was common practice. six feet wide. The wheel has a metal ring Abuse crept into the system after the gear about 18 feet in diameter attached British Conquest in 1760, and these to the side facing the working parts of abuses played a big part in the Patriots' the mill to drive the machinery. The Rebellion of 1837-38. It would take wheel turns at six to seven revolutions about a century to resolve the abuses. per minute while the top millstones turn at 100 revolutions. The mill has two At La Seigneurie des sets of stones, and there is floor space Aulnaies, we visited a grist mill and the for more. A rotating stone works above manor, but there was no exhibit relat- a static millstone at a precise distance ing to a tenant family. The grist mill was to grind the grain without causing fire. built in 1842 and is the third one stand- At the current pace of operation, the ing at the site. It had been designed by stones require addressing twice a year; an Irish immigrant engineer, Edward this is the sharpening of the grooves in INNIS. The structure is plain, but attrac- a stone's face. With hand tools, the pro- tive, made of stone, 60 by 40 feet. It cess takes 36 hours of labor for each rises three floors plus attic. Interior stone. The grooves are designed so that construction is of wood. Originally, the grain falling at the center of the stones seigneur, being the mill's owner and becomes flour as it works toward the keeping a miller on duty, received a outer edge. The bolter is a machine that small share, one fourteenth or about sifts the flour according to fineness seven percent, of each tenant's flour using cloths of different textures. The after grinding. Today, the mill's flour is cloths are stretched over a long, hori- for sale to the public. zontal wooden frame to make a five- sided drum that rotates on its long axis. JP, the host guide and mill op- JP opened several cabinet doors to erator, was an enthusiastic young man show the drum, and at the end of the who provided detailed descriptions of demonstration, he opened trap doors the mill and the process of grinding beneath, letting piles of flour drop into wheat, buckwheat, and rye into variet- a trough. We saw batches ranging from ies of flour. He found a bit of help from fine white to courser light yellow flour. the audience with his English, all in JP told us that the gentry at the house good fun. JP also showed us a large would use fine, white flour with the idea table top model of the property, show- of promoting a fine appearance, but he 60 vouched that the workers in the mill and Côte-du-Sud, and Louis-Etienne's fa- the farmers enjoyed better health by ther, Augustin ROY-DESJARDINS dit using the courser flour. LAUZIER, was a Captain in the militia. It was Augustin ROY's grandfather Could any of the AFGS tour Antoine, from France, who was killed members have ancestral connections in 1684 by a jealous husband in Mont- with the mill? Connections with the réal. Acting on suspicion, the man present building are possible, given that caught Antoine in bed with the man's much of the migration of les Québecois wife one morning and immediately at- to the United States occurred after it was tacked. There are two brief accounts of built. But in the numbers we see with this tragedy, one in the red Drouin the earliest settlers in Québec City, CD-ROM published by the AFGS, and Trois Rivières, and Montréal? No. The the other in Gagné's account of Marie parish of Saint-Roch-des-Aulnaies was MAJOR. Marie, Antoine ROY's wi- established in 1735, over 100 years af- dow, had been a fille du Roi. ter family beginnings in Québec City. They finished the first mill in 1739. But My other family connections the concession for the seigneury was to Saint-Roch-des-Aulnaies, known so dated much earlier in 1656. It seems far, include two DUPÉRÉ men who then, that the colonization of this area married women of the GOMON and occurred slowly and that this was fron- OUELLET families. tier territory well into the 1700s. To- day, the place is still a village surrounded Walking from the mill, the by farmland. manor of the seigneury was several hundred yards away and up a little hill. My mother's ties are with We were greeted by a lady in the cos- families who migrated downriver tume of the mid-1800s who spoke ex- through this area to Bic and Rimouski, cellent English. In the 1830s, Amable and my notes tell me that several mar- DIONNE had acquired the seigneury. riages in my ancestry occurred at From 1850 to 1853, about eight years Saint-Roch. Here in 1760, Louis- after rebuilding the grist mill, he had Etienne ROY dit LAUZON, LAUZIER the manor designed and built by a noted of nearby Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière architect from Québec City. Amable married a PELLETIER woman whose started life as a clerk, then moved into family belonged in the parish. I can be- commerce, principally with the milk, lieve that her father Joseph, if he was a butter, and cheese of the Kamouraska farmer like almost everyone in the area, region. These dairy products had a fa- would have known the new grist mill. vored, unique salt taste that came from Louis-Etienne's mother was Jeanne the salted herbs near the Saint Lawrence BOUCHER-MONTBRUN, a grand- River, which were, in turn, ingested by daughter of Pierre BOUCHER men- the cows. Amable died before the tioned above. She bore one or two of manor was completed, and his bequests Louis' siblings before marriage. went to his family. Two sons received Jeanne's father, René-Jean BOUCHER, land, about 15 by 10 miles in area, one had command of the militia of the here at Saint-Roch and the other in the 61 next, downriver region of La Pocatière. vated a porcelain look by staying out of His wife received $150,000, and his the sun. She also used a corset to mini- daughters received $10,000 each. mize her waist to about 15 or 18 inches and thereby risked health problems and The family members who fainting spells. moved into the manor lived comfort- ably. The manor seems to reflect a ge- Our second stop of the morn- nial life style. It is a charming struc- ing was at the small village of Saint- ture of neoclassical design that empha- Jean-Port-Joli, a few miles back toward sizes symmetry and natural light in- the city. The Musée des Anciens doors. There is a wide porch around the Canadiens features wood sculpture, entire perimeter so that the lady of the pure and simple, elaborate and beauti- house could take walks or sit without ful. BOURGAULT is the big name. Be- ever getting into the sun. The exterior ginning several generations ago, the decorations, using frieze work, are deli- family of wood carvers dominated the cately pretty. This house is not large by town scene. The museum sits in the comparison with plantation homes in midst of several woodcarving shops, and the United States. Indoors, the decor woodcarving by the BOURGAULT fam- and furnishings range from slightly or- ily and other artists continues. There is nate to quite simple. The most striking carving done in the museum itself. Dur- feature to me is the beautiful, orna- ing our visit, a woodcarver was at work. mented kitchen stove of a size suitable Several members of our group engaged for any kitchen in a small home. The him in conversation. cook would have spent 12 to 16 hours a day at duties here, with food prepara- It seems that whatever you can tion, and also with other chores. One see and imagine can be done in wood. of the large cabinet drawers served as a There are free standing, three dimen- baby's crib in the dead of winter. The sional pieces including ship models, and remainder of the downstairs is beauti- there are relief sculptures, such as fully furnished, fabrics matching the Norman ROCKWELL reproductions, wall coverings, and nicely decorated. In in which the figures seem to have great, the more formal of the two rooms for realistic depth. Scenes are the com- entertaining guests, there are two tables monplace, or what once was common- suitable for foursomes at cards. There place. Scenes are religious and profane, are, however, no cards to be seen, since heavenly and hellish. And some are just card playing was forbidden in the plain fun, like the two families racing 1850s. Cards would quickly disappear homeward in Le retour de la should a family member who was also Grand'Messe (Returning from High a priest arrive unannounced. The up- Mass). In this work, we see two horse stairs rooms are simply, tastefully drawn sleighs almost side by side, painted and nicely furnished. One room loaded with drivers and passengers, the is unfinished, showing construction drivers leaning forward and one with a details. horse whip, the horses running, a dog chasing to keep up with its rear paws The lady of the house culti- stretching ahead of the front paws, while 62 in the background a cottage stands out more than a notion. There was one story from the fir trees and a church is far in about a loan for $150 at 3,000% inter- the distance. est with payback of $5,000. The regular banks were in business to work with After lunch and a group photo commerce and big bucks, not with the at the side of our bus, our last visit was poor. Farmers could not borrow money at the Maison Alphonse-Desjardins in except for mortgages with a limit of Lévis. The house was built around 1882 four months. Economic conditions by a young DESJARDINS couple, and sent a half million people from the it came to accommodate a family of 12. province of Québec to the United States The story here is about the Caisse between 1860 and 1900. Many rural populaire (People's Bank) or a credit people went to Québec cities as well, union, the first credit union in North but were forced to borrow money due America. The first office was in the to the lack of work. house. The Maison Alphonse-Des- jardins, restored to its condition of Alphonse DESJARDINS 1906, contains the household items found the answer against usury in a book owned by the family. Fitted for electric- People's Banks by Henry W. WOLFF. ity in 1901, we see electric lighting, as This book discussed the European ex- well as gas lighting for backup in the perience. With three years of planning rooms that could not be seen from the and the help of many associates, street. The first Caisse populaire led- Alphonse opened the Caisse populaire ger lies open on the original desk in a de Lévis in his home on 23 January small room next to the front door. A 1901 and took the first deposit of 10 book case retains a selection of cents. Alphonse set the model for all Alphonse DESJARDINS' books. other credit unions in Canada and the United States. Whereas the minimum Alphonse DESJARDINS was deposit at a bank was 25 cents, at the born in 1854 and grew up in poverty. He caisse it was 5 cents. Whereas a bank and his wife were educated to the age required payback on a loan within three of 16. Many children at that time went months, the caisse had no time limit. to school to the ages of seven or eight. The caisse made the first loan in March We can easily guess what they did after for $50, which was paid back by July at that. Alphonse held several jobs, and in 3% interest. Membership cost $5.00 1892 he became a stenographer at the and payment could be completed in 50 House of Commons in Ottawa, which weeks at 10 cents per week. Member- occupied him for six months a year. Five ship also required that a person be a years later, after hearing a speech in the good worker, be honest, and avoid al- House about protecting borrowers of cohol. Alphonse was a member of the money, Alphonse began his fight against temperance movement. Mrs. DES- usury. JARDINS was the manager of the credit union. The children and unpaid friends For most of us today, usury is provided help. There was no safe or a vague notion about loan sharks. For vault in the house. Instead, the DES- people in the late 1800s, it was much JARDINS deposited funds in a local, 63 personal bank account. ancestors saw and knew, to simply join a nice tour, to go shopping, to enjoy the Success came through strong restaurants, or to accompany someone support from the clergy. Failing to ob- who wanted to go, there were rewards tain legal status at the national level in for everyone. We had dividends in mak- Ottawa because of opposition by the ing connections with each other and business world, DESJARDINS suc- making discoveries about the pioneers ceeded in getting legal status from the and later settlers who were our fore- Québec legislature in 1906. After this, bears. Helping make all this happen the number of Caisses populaire offices were the excellent talks and explana- grew from four to a total of 862 in the tions by our fun loving tour guides. mid-1900s. There are now about 700, There was many a thunder of laughter, reduced through consolidation of units. and many a quiet smile too, on the bus Early in the system's development, in and in the exhibit areas as we all enjoyed 1907, units appeared in schools to en- the companionship and the events courage a money-saving habit in chil- planned for us. dren. Each caisse stands next to a church. In 1917, Pope Pius X granted Enjoyment in eating gratified Alphonse DESJARDINS the title of us. The hotel breakfast buffets were Commander of the Order of Saint Gre- North American with all the varieties gory the Great, a recognition of his con- of food that one could expect in a large tribution to Catholic social action. hotel. Twice for lunch we found ourselves at Place d'Armes adjacent to the The next morning, our last, as Château Frontenac. Several restaurants we left the hotel with all our luggage were within sight and many others in and purchases, Suzanne MORIN and easy walking distance. The first day was Louis ARCHER were both there to see pleasant. Anna and I sat outdoors at the us off. The ride back to Rhode Island sidewalk tables, watching the street ac- was comfortable, giving those who were tivity. We were happy with the delicious wakeful at the right moment a nice view croissants to make up sandwiches in a of The Old Man of the Mountain. I unique way, while giggling a bit at sev- missed it. We arrived onto Woon- eral moments of hearing a poor Elvis socket's narrow streets to find little imitation thirty feet away. The next day other traffic in the late Friday evening. at the same restaurant, because of the rain, we were indoors where the atmo- For some of the group, this sphere was a bit more formal and the trip had been a repeat visit to familiar menu a bit different, though still excel- places. For others, it was a first experi- lent. While on excursion to la Côte- ence in Québec. This tour, short as it du-Sud, lunch found us in Saint-Jean, was, had many elements of success. Port-Joli at a restaurant geared for tour Whatever purpose we individually had groups, and maybe wedding groups too. in making the trip, whether to see a spe- At the La Roche à Veillon summer the- cific attraction that happened to be on ater restaurant, which has an extensive the itinerary, to learn more about spe- Québecois menu, Anna chose a quiche cific ancestors, to see the things our and I had a tourtière québecoise (meat 64 pie). Everyone seemed to be very Many came as traders, soldiers, arti- pleased with their selections. One can sans, farmers, or unmarried women. see a menu at a web site in English. That Migration and settlement continued list includes fresh salmon pie served along the river valleys used by the with egg sauce and traditional French Amerindians and then by commercial game pie cipâte, which has potatoes and rail routes. spices. We had two dinners in Québec City that set themselves off in style Since the trip, I better under- from the dinner at the sugar shack pre- stand some of the books and records viously mentioned. The selections were that I had already researched. The ge- familiar in name to what we find in the nealogical information that I gained on United States but different in taste each the tour blends in well with data that I time a treat. One of the deserts arrived had already collected, primarily using in a succession of flambé events. Cakes, secondary sources such as the réper- delicate and light, received the spirits toires or dictionaries of baptisms and and then the matches, the first to a dark- marriages. In all cases that I have cited ened room. above, I have at least two independent, secondary sources; they are subject to Seeing the places where many confirmation by primary sources such of my earliest ancestors lived in Québec as film copies of the original records. City and on l'Île d'Orléans and watching others on the bus make connections Looking back at the trip, I find with the names of their ancestors on the it striking that I found as many ances- island make me stand in awe at how, tral connections as I did. One would not about 400 years ago, such a small num- expect an organized tour to be the best ber of French people started the growth way to carry on research or to fill in of population of which we are a part to- one's gaps in information. The many day. positive results that I discovered simply indicate the ready availability of My own ancestors whom I have family history information. For me, uncovered so far migrated either south this tour was to the right places and at to the Beauce region along the rivière the right time. The Franco-Americans Chaudière or northeast down the south who have ancestors concentrated in side of the Saint Lawrence River. They Québéc City and other areas of the eventually moved into the state of Maine Province of Québec and in what was where many Acadian descendants al- Acadia should hopefully find success ready had settled. French Canadians in future visits. The French Canadians, moved to other New England states in with the force of sentiments along much greater numbers than those to themes like Je Me Souviens, are still Maine, and they followed different collecting and organizing genealogical paths. Many originated in the other information, making it easier for us to population centers: Trois-Rivières and meet our research goals. The tour was Montréal. Colonists had settled in those a living example of combining research early towns or opened farmlands nearby. and fun. Even if you are on the right track, you’ll get run over if you just sit there. 65 The Godefroy Family - A Continuing Story

by: Jack Valois

Editors note: The following, an early conflicts that constituted the historic genealogy of one of France’s and French and Indian wars period in North Canada’s prominent families of the America which, collectively, lasted a seventeenth century continues with mere 70 years, from 1690 to 1760: this installment. King William’s War, or War of the League of Augburg, whose Canadian Recurring Warfare with the Iroquois phase didn’t begin until 1690 and ended and English in 1697… Queen Anne’s War, or War of the Spanish Succession, 1702- When King Louis XIV decided to 1713… King George’s War, or War of personally govern France’s North the Austrian Succession, 1743-1748… American colony, the fur trade was in lastly, the French and Indian War, 1755- deplorable shape. Sparsely colonized 1763. Canada – unpopular with prospective immigrants due to its lengthy, severe Very unofficially, significant war- winters and predatory Five Nations fare got underway with Iroquois allies enemies – always needed more settlers of the English as early as 1666 when to cultivate the land, more soldiers for New France’s governor, Daniel REMY, protecting habitants, and more voy- Lord DE COURCELLE (1626-1698), ageurs to paddle fur brigade canoes to an experienced soldier, belatedly re- and from Indian country. sponded to crippling raids into the colony by predatory bands of Mohawks, The fur trade policy, begun in one of the mighty Five Nations. Gov- CHAMPLAIN’s day, of Huron and ernor COURCELLE himself led a win- Algonqiun allies bringing pelts directly ter retaliatory expedition, in January to St. Lawrence River trading posts had 1666, against Mohawk villages in New to be halted during the disastrous York Colony. Iroquois wars. Agriculture’s slow growth meant that fur exports to France His troops comprised 300 regu- became the colony’s primary business. lars from the royal Carignan infantry French efforts to develop the lumber regiment and 200 veteran woodsmen/ and shipbuilding industries had always settlers organized into colony militia proved unsuccessful. units. A rendezvous was held at Fort Ste. Thérèse, just above Montréal, awaiting There were really four separate the arrival of Algonquin scouts under 66 Lord Louis II, GODEFROY DE NOR- were promptly sacked and put to the MANVILLE. For whatever reason, the torch, reducing the Indians to near star- Indians arrived drunk as skunks and an vation. TRACY’s only casualties were exasperated DE COURCELLE had to eight soldiers who drowned while leave without them. crossing Lake Champlain. The Mo- hawks were sufficiently impressed, Minus the Algonquin scouts, DE however, to conclude a peace treaty COURCELLE was unable to locate the with the régime at Québec (City) in the principal Mohawk villages targeted for following year of 1667. destruction and wound up at the Dutch village of Schenectady, near Albany in Joseph II, GODEFROY, Lord DE midstate New York, which they appar- VIEUX-PONT (1645-1696/99), was ently left untouched. There, DE NOR- an official Indian interpreter for New MANVILLE and his 30 errant scouts, France’ Governor, Louis DE BAUDE, now sober, rejoined the campaign on Count DE FRONTENAC (1622-1698). February 20. VIEUX-PONT might well have worked with Iroquois chieftains on the 1667 They helped atone partially for treaty. A career marine officer, he was their earlier misbehavior by bringing wounded by cannon fire during the along, on hastily constructed sleds, a 1690 siege of Québec by the English. number of badly needed deer carcasses to fill the empty bellies of hungry ex- The Fur Trade in the French and pedition members. Outnumbered hos- Indian Wars tiles in the immediate area shrewdly avoided contact with the invading French Even the 1667 peace treaty who had to content themselves with seemed more beneficial for the Iro- burning any native villages encountered quois. The Five Nations then controlled including destruction of all food sup- the flow of furs southward to the plies that they came across. Hudson River where, three years earlier in 1664, aggressive English new- Five months later in June of 1666, comers ousted the incumbent Dutch Alexandre DE PROUVILLE, Marquis rulers of New Amsterdam colony and DE TRACY, the King’s lieutenant-gen- renamed it New York. They were able eral for North America, landed at as well to maintain an ongoing block- Québec (city) with four companies of ade of the Ottawa River in the north, regular army troops from the royal regi- utilizing Iroquois allies, to effectively ments of Allier, Chambelle, Poitou, and prevent the flow of pelts from Mid- Orleans. In September, TRACY led a western Indian country to the Montréal force of 1,200 – half of them soldiers, fur merchants. the rest Canadian militia and Indian auxiliaries – into forbidding Mohawk home With Huron rivals virtually de- territory. stroyed by warfare and disease, the cun- ning Iroquois were able to play English Again, the wily savages refused to allies and French enemies against each do battle and fled their villages, which other. It was only due to still surviving 67 alliances with regional Algonquin tribes harsh punishment whenever appre- that Canada was able to avoid becom- hended by colony military authorities. ing completely subservient to the Five Nations confederacy. These valued aux- Wayward coureurs de bois were iliaries included the Abenaki and quickly replaced by voyageurs: hardy Micmac nations who consistently sup- woodsmen/canoemen who roamed the ported the Canadien cause. length and breadth of the enormous pays d’en haut (Upper Country; i.e., Replacing Hurons as principal Indian country) located west, south, and confederates of New France were north of Montréal. Dressed much like Algonquin Ojobways, Ottawas, and red men – in moccasins, deerskin leg- Potawatomis – dominant tribes living gings, knee length breechclout, and on the shores of the Great Lakes and leather hunting shirt – voyageurs wore its neighboring rivers – who managed a colorful sash (blue for Montrealers, to fight off earlier territorial invasions red for Quebeckers) around the waist by the Iroquois. The three Indian nations that supported a beaded bag containing used their new rise in ally status to su- pipe, tobacco, fire-steel, and flint. A persede the Hurons as primary fur trad- capote (hooded head covering), woolen ers and middlemen of the French. cap, knife, and flintlock musket completed their wilderness kit. To counter this, Canadians began venturing deeper into the little known Operating under business permits western wilderness to barter furs di- issued by colony authorities to the in- rectly from tribes in those distant re- dividual Montréal merchants who hired gions. The eventual achievement of this them, Canadian-French voyageurs goal effectively eliminated both Huron transported trade goods by canoe to and eastern Algonquin middlemen. Thus wilderness trading posts over a hazard- was born the coureur de bois (woods ous, 45-day trip along the length of a runner), a rugged bunch of trappers/ 1,700-mile water route from Lachine, traders who became so completely im- just below Montréal, to the Great Lakes mersed in the Indian way of life that area. On the return journey to Lachine, they rejected their white heritage, reli- they hauled bales of animal pelts in the gion, and values. same canoes.

Ignoring any monetary debts they Most colony males now lived owed to fur trade merchants in Mont- double lives – employed as fur trade réal, coureurs de bois completely em- voyageurs from May through October braced their Indian way of life and be- then cultivating their small Québec came illegal trappers when not busy farms the rest of the year. Some adven- hunting wild game for their own suste- turous individuals chose to become nance, joining red blood-brothers on full-time hivernants (winterers or warpath sorties against tribal enemies, northmen), spending the entire year in or exploring untapped beaver territory. Indian country. Unlike brusque-man- Soon denounced as outlaws, the French nered English traders of the Hudson Bay renegades were subject to arrest and Company, Canadians took to the care- 68 free, but rigorous, outdoor life with un- Two crew members usually re- bridled vigor. mained standing the entire time their 36-foot-long craft was afloat. A steers- In dealing with red men, they soft- man, higher-paid boss of the canoe’s ened sharp business practices with Gal- occupants, stood in the stern and guided lic finesse to the point of employing the the vessel with an overlong paddle unheard-of (in the English colonies, that which functioned as rudder. In the front, is) frontier policy of treating Indians as a bowman wielded an out-sized paddle equals. Readily going among tribes and to help propel the craft forward in his often intermarrying with dusky maidens capacity as navigator and second high- of forest and plain – to better learn na- est-paid crewman. tive traits, customs, and languages – French Canadians were unsurpassed as Without these frail-looking yet traders and wilderness ambassadors. amazing practical vessels, the history of North American colonization might From early May, when the ice- have been vastly different. For the blocked St. Lawrence River first be- French took the Indian vehicle and came navigable, until October, one transformed it into a cargo-hauling month before this primary water route marvel that helped them outstrip En- started icing up again, their birchbark glish competition to secure an enor- canoe fleets – painted with gaudy Indian mously valuable fur empire for them- symbols on towering bows and sterns – selves. crisscrossed the rivers and lakes of New France, into the regions known today as Voyageurs were required to Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and paddle a demanding, 40-stroke-per- British Columbia as well as the mid- minute pace during a 16 to 18 hour western U.S. states now called Ohio, workday broken only by a quick break- Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Illinois, fast and supper ashore consisting of a and Wisconsin. hot, soupy concoction cooked from lyed corn and pork fat, several pipe- Their fur trade expeditions also smoking breaks, and about four hours penetrated the vast, western reaches – sleep – also spent on land. by canoe or horse, as necessary – of Iowa, the Dakotas, Nebraska, Montana, The formidable trek mixed quiet and Wyoming in the persistent, money- streams with sometimes tempestuous driven quest for pelts. It involved gruel- lakes and rivers, spotted with treacher- ing labor. Imprisoned in the narrow hull ous rapids, intermittently joined by land between bales of trade goods, during the portages where canoes had to be harrowing trip from Montréal to the dis- beached, unloaded, and everything, in- tant Indian country, and squeezed among cluding the canoes, hauled at a trot – bales of furs during the equally long re- each man carrying at least two (!) 80- turn voyage, the men couldn’t stretch, pound packs on his back supported by or change from kneeling positions, once a leather sling looped over the forehead on board, to avoid puncturing the craft’s – to the next navigable stretch of wa- thin, quarter-inch shell of birchbark. ter. No wonder that ruptured hernias of 69 the groin were a crippling, occupational Top wage for part-time voy- ailment peculiar to voyageurs. ageurs during the French régime was 400 livres, about $66.40 in 1957 U.S. As opposed to the part-time currency, for the summer’s 90-day, farmer/voyageur, called mangeur de 3,400-mile round-trip to and from lard (porkeater, named for the mixed Lachine. In the purchasing power of that corn and lard ration he consumed dur- era, however, it would easily buy eight ing the trip), elite “winterers” (hiver- oxen and eight calves. nants) or hommes du nord (northmen), signed three-year contracts assigning The voyageurs were followed, them to Indian country. When not bar- even preceded at times, by intrepid tering trade goods for winter pelts (this French explorers, including Catholic was the season when furs were in their missionaries, who expanded the fron- thickest, prime condition) brought into tiers of the new colony. Vigorous men the post by Indian trappers, hivernants like fur trader-explorer Louis JOLIET mostly spent their time in the surround- (1645-1700) and missionary priest ing wilderness hunting wild game for Jacques MARQUETTE (1637-1675), garrison stew pots. both of whom, traveling together, ex- tended Canada’s southern frontier to the Every summer, these buckskin- Gulf of Mexico. clad frontiersmen hauled the fur brigade’s seasonal cargo of pelts by Also: the ill-starred explorer smaller 25-foot canoes over the Rene-Robert CAVELIER, Lord DE lengthy, water route from remote Indian LASALLE (1643-1687), discoverer of country posts to the annual rendezvous the Mississippi River and relative by at Michilimackinac in present-day marriage of the GODEFROY clan…and Michigan. that famed marine officer, Pierre GAULTIER DE VARENNES, Lord DE Here, over 1,000 voyageurs LA VERENDRYE (1685-1749), who from all over the continent gathered for combined exploration skills with his a two-week spree which degenerated military expertise to greatly enlarge into an alcoholic, riotous spectacle cen- New France’s fur trade, not to mention tering around rare, for the wilderness, its far western land boundaries in the culinary feasts…nonstop bouts of seemingly endless North American wil- drinking that ignited bloody, no-holds- derness. barred brawls between porkeaters and haughty winterers…Indian-style gam- More French Incursions Into Enemy bling games…rifle shooting plus knife Country and hatchet-throwing contests…and round-the-clock, amorous sessions Incited by envious English fur with local Chippeway squaws (brokered traders in New York Colony, the Sen- by enterprising warrior spouses in ex- eca tribe, a Five Nations member, be- change for trade goods ranging from gan attacking villages in Illinois Indian beads, bracelets, and comparable territory that bartered furs to the French. items). Canada’s new governor, LE FEBVRE 70 DE LA BARRE, attempted to punish the 30 regular soldiers and 70 Canadian hostiles in the summer of 1684. volunteers, under the command of the Chevalier DE TROYES, an ex- He took to the field with 1,200 Carrignan regiment officer, and three Troupes de la Marine, veteran Canadian LE MOYNE brothers – Lords IBER- militia, and Algonquin warriors. Captain VILLE, ST.-HÉLÈNE, and MARI- Jean GODEFROY II, Lord DE SAINT COURT – headed directly northwest PAUL & Lord DE TONNERE (1649- from Montréal and seized important 1730), marched along with his Trois- English fur trade posts on James Bay Rivieres militia company in both the belonging to arch-rival Hudson Bay 1684 and 1687 campaigns. Company.

DE LA BARRE badly misman- With the arrival of summer in aged the operation by ignoring advice 1647, new Governor DENONVILLE from seasoned militia officers familiar led another expedition against the Sen- with the terrain. He loaded his force ecas: 800 marines, 800 to 1,000 Ca- into canoes and clumsy flatboats then nadian militia (including Jean GOD- led them over wearisome, St. Lawrence EFROY’s Trois-Rivieres unit), and River portages and rapids to a poorly some 300 Algonquin auxiliaries. Three chosen bivouac site that became known companies of voyageur militia, as La Famine (The Starvation Place). brought in from fur trade posts in the Camped in a swampy, unhealthy loca- western Indian country, took up position, the troops were tormented nonstop tions as an advance guard and the force by seasonal mosquitos and north woods headed toward Iroquois territory. flies. The Seneca arranged an ambush Many expedition members con- along the route of march which soon tracted malaria, of all things, and suf- fizzled when they opened fire prema- fered terribly from hunger as well due turely, losing the surprise advantage. to a shortage of food rations. The dete- The main French column rushed up in riorating situation led to necessarily time to send the demoralized hostiles hurried negotiations and a resultant, ig- packing. Fatigue, coupled with igno- noble peace treaty with openly contemp- rance of the terrain, prevented any ef- tuous Senecas. The chastened DE LA fective pursuit of the Indians and BARRY led his struggling expedition DENONVILLE’s expedition had to back to Montréal. Lack of a decisive content itself with burning tribal towns military victory hastened the luckless and crops before returning home. governor’s recall to France. He was replaced by an experienced soldier, Frustrated by his inability to Jacques DE BRISAY, Marquis DE score decisively over Iroquois adver- DENONVILLE (____-1710), who at- saries, DENONVILLE cordially invited tacked that same Five Nations tribe a number of Five Nations chieftains to three years later. a hastily scheduled peace conference at Fort Frontenac, now Kingston, In the spring of 1686, a party of Ontario. A rude surprise awaited the 71 haughty red visitors. Seized immedi- cost him his job and he was replaced by ately on arrival, their legs and arms se- the most famous and successful of New curely shackled with chains, the chiefs France governors, Louis DE BUADE, were brusquely loaded onto a waiting Count DE FRONTENAC (1620-1713). ship and dispatched to France as pris- This individual was so well-versed in oners condemned to lifelong servitude Indian psychology that most redmen, as oarsmen aboard brutal slave galleys whether friend or foe, viewed him in of the French navy. awe as a demigod.

In immediate response, 1,500 In 1689, a 69-year-old, though Iroquois braves swarmed along the St. still robust, FRONTENAC began aveng- Lawrence River like angry hornets and ing the Lachine massacre. He sent con- struck the unsuspecting village of tingents of Troopes de la Marine, re- Lachine, next-door to Montréal, at dawn inforced by Indian warrior allies, to raid on 5 August 1679. The outnumbered English settlements on the frontiers of marine garrison in an adjacent fort New York and New England. The ener- watched in horror as shrieking, war- getic, trained soldiers – with a solid painted savages torched 50 to 80 set- background of European combat expe- tler cabins, butchered 26 hapless colo- rience – battled aggressively against the nists on the spot, then hogtied more than powerful Iroquois until the were, amaz- 90 habitant men, women, and children. ingly, subdued by sheer force of French arms seven years later in 1696. Prisoners chosen for initial kill- ing were deliberately tortured to death Zacharie HURTEL, Lord DE LA in plain sight of stunned onlookers at FRENIERE, was a marine officer who the nearby fort. Brazenly remaining in married Charlotte III, GODEFROY DE the vicinity over the next few days, the LINTOT (1677-1750). Captured by Mohawks callously subjected all re- Iroquois in 1681, his courage and prow- maining captives – men, women, and ess in surviving the dangerous gauntlet youngsters – to fiery, excruciating – that double line of screaming savages deaths at the stake. armed to the teeth and anxious to test a prisoner’s mettle – won him adoption It signaled the start of yet another into the tribe. campaign of terror against farm settlements of New France. Over the next After managing an escape, HER- several years, roving bands of war- TEL, then a noncommissioned officer, painted, Five Nations warriors indis- continued his military exploits against criminately killed disturbing numbers the English and was rewarded for ex- of Canadiens and their livestock while ceptional valor by promotion to offi- torching many communities. More than cer’s rank (normally reserved only for 91 colonists, in an already precariously noblemen). The subsequent gallantry in small populace, were slaughtered in action of HURTEL and his unit at the 1691 alone. capture of Falmouth, Maine, resulted in an appreciative King Louis XIV be- DENONVILLE’s incompetence stowing a rare patent of nobility on the 72 marine commander. Zacharie died in tribal towns. 1752, a marine captain partly disabled but still on active duty. The brutal war also fought itself out around Indian country ponds, riv- By the 1680s, the Five Nations ers, and lake shores from Sault Ste. realized that the peace was going against Marie, straddling the present northern them despite prior victories. It was due Michigan and Ontario borders, south- to the French and their expanding net- ward to Lake Erie, that gigantic water work of Indian trappers who had been barrier separating Ontario Province moving fur trade operations further west from upstate New York. across mid-continent – beyond the territorial influence of always formidable Each opposing Indian side mus- Iroquois enemies operating from New tered at least a thousand seasoned York colony. braved armed – thanks to French or British suppliers – with trade muskets Over time Canadiens continued and steel scalping knives in addition to to forge new trading alliances with dis- silent, deadly bows/arrows, toma- tant wilderness tribes, managing in the hawks, war clubs, and lances. The out- process to completely bypass the Five come was an unanticipated Iroquois Nations threat. So the haughty Iroquois rout that forced their withdrawal to went to war once more in an attempt to original Five Nations lands south of reestablish control over the fur trade. Lake Ontario in New York Colony. Primary targets were those Algonquin allies – Ojibways, Ottawas, and Pota- On 28 January 1690, in the dead watomis – of the French régime in the of winter, a military expedition orga- Great Lakes area. nized by Governor FRONTENAC left Trois-Rivieres, Québec, to raid the But attacks by Five Nations war- British settlement at Dover, New riors failed to close down the fur trade Hampshire. It comprised 20 Abenakis, route eastward to Montréal. Instead, the 5 Algonquins, and 25 Frenchmen led late 1600s witnessed a major setback by François HERTEL, Lord DE ROU- for the Iroquois: In the course of con- VILLE (whose daughter-in-law was a tinued wilderness fighting, they lost GODEFROY DE LINTOT). complete control of southern Ontario territory previously seized from Hu- Accompanying the raiders were rons. HURTEL’s three sons, two nephews, and Lord CREVIER DE ST. FRANÇOIS This conflict took place strictly (whose grandmother was a GOD- between red enemies; surprisingly few EFROY DE LINTOT). The French and whites were involved. Centuries-old In- Indians adroitly surprised the small vil- dian legends still tell of bloody battles, lage, killed about 30 settlers who re- ambushes, and deadly assaults occurring sisted, and took 54 colonists back to along lonely fur trade canoe portages, Canada as captives spilling over into peaceful forest trails, woodland campsites, and stockaded That same summer of 1690, an 73 ineffective English attempt by sea to tlers living in the steadily expanding capture the fortress at Québec (City) farm belt that formed an almost con- was repulsed. Joseph GODEFROY II, tinuous network of communities be- Lord DE VIEUX-PONT (1645-1696/ tween the colony’s three main popula- 99), served as personal Indian inter- tion centers: Québec (City), Montréal, preter for Govenor FRONTENAC. A and Trois-Rivieres. This was in marked career marine officer, Joseph sustained contrast to the overwhelming number minor wounds from British Navy can- of 250,000 British settlers living in 13 non fire during that siege. individual colonies along the eastern seaboard. For the remainder of the war, Canada continued to attack its enemies Beginning of the End for Canada in the English colonies to the south as often as it defended its settlements The origins of the French and In- against Iroquois raiders. Unlike the dian wars in North America – that even- French, who usually accompanied In- tually cost France its huge North dian auxiliaries on raids into New En- American empire – lay partly in the new gland, British colony militiamen were colony’s profitable trade in animal pelts. almost never present on forays into British commercial interests watched New France by the Iroquois. Here again, covetously as the first half of the 18th English-American dislike of forest war- century brought continued expansion to fare and lack of woodcraft skills proved Canada’s fur trade, agriculture, and At- clear impediments to victory. lantic coast fisheries.

The British and French concluded Ironically, those descendants of in 1697 still another peace treaty. Soon French colonists who settled Québec afterward, the Five Nations began seek- – 12 years before Pilgrim immigrants ing an end to their own long-running first stepped off the Mayflower at Ply- struggle with the New France régime. mouth, Massachusetts – managed to Four years later, the Iroquois confed- explore a sizable portion of this conti- eracy made the decision to remain neu- nent long before 1760, and well in ad- tral on any further conflicts between vance of the much heralded Lewis and France and England. Clark exploratory journey to the western U.S. that didn’t get underway until With defenses again secure, 1804. Canada was now able to consolidate its power and influence – for fur trade pur- Canadiens briefly inhabited poses – in the far western wilderness, more that half of the North American beyond the confines of established continent, initially occupied 30 future settlements in the eastern section of the states across this country, and bestowed colony. French names on more than 5,000 U.S. communities – not including miscella- New France’s population had neous hills, rivers, streams, and other barely reached the 15,000 mark by 1700 whimsical geographical features like and consisted primarily of Franco set- the Grand Téton (large breast) moun- 74 tain range in Wyoming. Utrecht (Belgium) on 11 April 1713, which ended Queen Anne’s War, King Queen Anne’s War, 1702-1713, Louis XIV was forced to surrender most started out as just another French and of Acadia (Nova Scotia, New Bruns- Iroquois conflict. After 1702, though, wick, and Prince Edward Island) to the Five Nations ceased to be a major Great Britain. The last remaining French factor in New France military history. settlements in Acadia, Cape Breton Is- They shrewdly used their on-going truce land, called Ile Royal (Royal Island) by with the régime to avoid fighting any its Franco colonizers, was transferred more of Britain’s colonial wars. Hence- over to England in 1763 under terms forth, combat was waged solely by of a treaty ending the French and In- Canadiens and their Indian allies dian War. against New England frontier settlements in traditional style: swiftly ex- King George’s War, 1743-1748, ecuted, early morning raids revolving was the third of the French and Indian around killings and scalpings, cabin conflicts. Still, this confrontation burnings, pillaging, and the capture of didn’t completely become an Anglo- colonists for ransom. French colonial fight in North America. The only significant military event oc- In summer, an immense, nearly curring outside Europe focused on unbroken canopy of green forests – elm, Louisbourg, a massive stone fortress pine, hickory, maple, spruce, and birch overlooking the Atlantic Ocean on Cape – stretched across thousands of square Breton Island in what is now Nova miles from the northernmost Great Scotia Province. Lakes to hilly bluffs of the New England shoreline. Within that wilderness, bor- Built in 1720, its garrison was der communities in the English colo- never adequately supplied from France. nies of New York, Maine, Massachu- Louisburg harbor was effectively used, setts, and New Hampshire were attacked though, by French Privateer (a legalism time and again by woods-savvy Acadian for government-sanctioned piracy) ves- and Québec militiamen or marines ac- sels as a major base from which to prey companied by fierce, red allies. upon New England sailing vessels working the nearby Grand Banks fish- Singled out were prominent set- ing grounds. tlements like Schenectady (New York), Salmon Falls (New Hampshire), Casco In 1745, a British expedition Bay (Maine), plus Deerfield and Haver- from Boston attacked Louisburg by sea hill (Massachusetts). By the way, those and compelled its surrender. Returned 17th and 18th century English towns and to France three years later under peace villages in present-day Vermont, Maine, treaty terms, the bastion fell for the last and portions of New Hampshire were time to another English sea and land then part of a substantially larger Mas- attack 13 years later in 1758 during the sachusetts Colony. French and Indian war. That takeover eliminated the last vestige of France’s Under terms of the Treaty of military power on the Atlantic seacoast. 75 English and French interests tute enough in 1729 to marry Françoise clashed anew on Canada’s southwestern (III), GODEFROY DE SAINT-PAUL frontier, which had been secure from (1683-1770), daughter of the enterpris- Indian raids since the Iroquois peace ing Lord DE SAINT-PAUL, a well-to- treaty of 1701. The new border flare- do seigneur who was also, by turns, a up now brought both nations to blows colony Indian interpreter, fur trader, in the Ohio region of the Midwest fron- militia captain, and fish merchant. tier. Réné (III), GODEFROY DE LIN- During this period, Troupes de la TOT (1675-1748), was a career officer Marine, together with veteran Canadian who commanded marine garrisons at militiamen, routinely outperformed Ile-aux-Tourtes, Québec, from 1710 to British colony militia. It was yet an- 1718. Commissioned a marine cadet, other instance of French superiority in aged 21, in 1696, he was a member of wilderness fighting – a failing of En- the 1705 military expedition that in- glish-American troops that was never vaded British-occupied New Foundland properly addressed by British military, island and destroyed a number of en- or colony leaders. emy settlements.

Britain then sent two regular Promoted to ensign (2nd lieuten- army infantry regiments to America as ant) in 1706, aged 30, Réné supervised reinforcements. France, as well, dis- construction of new forts in the middle patched more regular troops to west at Chagouamigan (near Duluth, strengthen their perennially outnum- Minnesota, where he served from bered marine contingents, army regu- 1720-26) and along Lake Superior. Pro- lars, and habitant militiamen at forts moted to lieutenant in 1725, Réné was scattered around eastern Canada. in charge of the French fort at Detroit (in present Michigan); he later com- In charge of all civilian militia at manded the fort at Green Bay (present Côte Sud, Québec, during the French Wisconsin). DE LINTOT retired from and Indian War was Jean BOUCHER, active military service as a captain. Lord DE MONTBRUN. Jean was as-

Doctors at a hospital in Brooklyn, New York have gone on strike. Hospital officials say they will find out what the Doctors’ demands are as soon as they can get a nurse over there to read the picket signs.” ~~~ In an upscale pet-supply store, a customer wanted to buy a red sweater for her dog. The clerk suggestedthat she bring her dog in for a proper fit.

“I can’t do that!” the lady said. “The sweater is a surprise!” ~~~ When someone says they don’t wish to be awkward, it practically guarantees they are going to be.

76 For all those of you who have access to the Internet out there... Check out the AFGS web site. You’ll be amazed at what you’ll see.

77 AFGS Presents the 25th Silver Anniversary Member Pedigree Book

The American French Genealogi- Member Pedigree Chart Book will be cal Society is producing a 25th Silver offered for sale later in the year. The Anniversary Commemorative edition of cost will be determined by the size of member 5-generation Pedigree charts. the book.

This book will contain a small A book was produced for the 15th portion of the families being re- Anniversary and was extremely popu- searched by AFGS members. Each lar. Now with our increased member- AFGS member is eligible to submit ship we feel that this book will exceed pedigree charts on their family or the the last publication. family of their spouse. By sharing your charts, your information will become General Instructions for Submit- part of this 25th Silver Anniversary ting Pedigree Charts: Commemorative Member Pedigree Book. Each AFGS member may submit up to 2, five-generation pedigree charts. Included in the book will be an The chart may start with any person of index of the names as well as the 5-gen- the 5-generations connected to the eration pedigree charts. Each listing in member or member spouse. There are the index will reference the charts that 31 people listed on a five-generation the name appears. pedigree chart. Any one of the 31 people can be number one on the chart being A list of members submitting submitted. The member or member’s charts is planned. This list of members spouse does not have to be listed as submitting charts will not identify number one on the chart. which charts the members supplied. Members do not have to be included on Charts do not have to be com- this list. If a person would like to con- pletely filled in. If you have one or two tact the person who submitted the stopped lines you can still submit the charts, they would contact AFGS with chart. the request. AFGS would then forward the request to the person who submit- In order to produce the book and ted the chart. index in a uniform format, we are looking for all the chart information to come The 25th Silver Anniversary from a computer generated genealogy 78 program. All computer-generated charts programs. If you would like to help are to be in .ged format. with this project please drop a line to [email protected] or contact Bill Charts will also be accepted on Pommenville at the library. paper. We will also accept scanned pic- tures of the charts. Paper charts can be Current information and pro- mailed or submitted at the library. If gress will be posted on this AFGS mailed or submitted at the library they website. Also address any questions or must be in an envelope with a note “At- comments to 5-generation Book at tention: For 5 generation book”. AFGS or at [email protected]

Important: All charts must have an The Deadline for submitting attachment (e-mail, note etc.) with the charts is August 15, 2003 name and number of the Member submitting the information and the current These instructions are subject to address. change. Please check the AFGS website or contact AFGS for the latest In- AFGS volunteers will enter the structions. paper and scanned charts into genealogy

WEIRD NEWS

A Dutchman has been charged with fraud after “making a small fortune” selling plots of land on the moon.

Rene Veenema is being prosecuted after complaints from clients who said they paid for, but never received, ownership certificates for their parcels of land in space. ~~~ A Romanian businessman is paying his wife $525 (GBP350) a month not to nag him when he comes home from work.

Nicolae Popa, who runs a food distribution company in Alba Lulia, says he struck the deal as a last resort. ~~~ Four Ecuadorian sisters have found the perfect match by marrying four brothers from the same village.

Olivia, Rosa, Kelly and Ketty Silva are married to the four Sanchez boys - Darwin, Henry, Ranulfo and William. ~~~ There is a theory which states that if ever anybody discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable. There is another theory which states that this has already happened. 79 Genealogical Materials & Publications For Sale Je Me Souviens — Our Journal September 1978 $5.00* Summer 1990 $3.50# January 1979 $5.00* Winter 1990 $3.50# September 1979 $2.50* Autumn 1991 $5.00# December 1979 $3.50* Spring 1992 $5.00# March 1980 $2.50* Autumn 1992 $3.50# October 1980 $5.00* Spring 1993 $3.50# December 1980 $2.50* Autumn 1993 $3.50# Spring 1981 $5.00* Spring 1994 $3.50# Autumn 1981 $5.00* Autumn 1994 $3.50# *Please add $2.00 each for postage and han- Spring 1995 $3.50# dling. Autumn 1995 $3.50# Spring 1982 $5.00# Spring 1996 $3.50# Autumn 1982 $3.50# Autumn 1996 $3.50# Spring 1983 $3.50# Spring 1997 $3.50# Autumn 1983 $3.50# Autumn 1997 $3.50# Spring 1984 $3.50# Spring 1998 Winter 1984 $3.50# (20th Anniversary issue) $5.00# Summer 1985 $3.50# Autumn 1998 $3.50# Winter 1985 $3.50# Spring 1999 $3.50# Summer 1986 $3.50# Autumn 1999 $3.50# Winter 1986 $3.50# Spring 2000 $3.50# Summer 1987 $3.50# Autumn 2000 $3.50# Winter 1987 $3.50# Spring 2001 $3.50# Summer 1988 $3.50# Autumn 2001 $3.50# Winter 1988 $3.50# Spring 2002 $3.50# Summer 1989 $3.50# #Please add $1.50 each for postage and han- Winter 1989 $3.50# dling. Baptism/Birth Repertoires Baptisms of First Universalist Church (1834-1998), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 83 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $7.00 Canada) $10.00

Baptisms of Holy Family Church (1902-1991), Woonsocket, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 716 Pages. ($5.00 p/h, $9.50 Canada) $40.00

Baptisms of Notre Dame Church (1873-1988), Central Falls, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2 Volumes, 1244 Pages. ($6.50 p/h, $11.00 Canada) $50.00 Also available in microfiche: 22 fiche $22.00

Baptisms of Precious Blood Church (1870-1995), Woonsocket, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 3 Volumes, 1662 Pages. ($6.50 p/h, $11.00 Canada) $60.00 Also available in microfiche: 30 fiche $30.00 80 Baptisms of Ste. Anne’s Church (1869-1996), Fall River, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 4 Volumes, 2291 Pages. ($7.50 p/h, $11.00 Canada) $120.00

Baptisms of Ste. Cecilia’s Church (1910-1988), Pawtucket, RI. $12.00 A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 466 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 8 fiche $8.00

Baptisms of St. James Church (1860-1991), Manville, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 706 Pages. ($4.50 p/h, $8.50 Canada) $40.00 Also available in microfiche: 12 fiche $12.00

Baptisms of St. John the Baptist Church (1884-1988), Pawtucket, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 765 Pages. ($6.50 p/h, $11.00 Canada) $40.00 Also available in microfiche: 13 fiche $13.00

Baptisms of St. John the Baptist Church (1873-1989), West Warwick, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2 Volumes, 1260 Pages. ($6.50 p/h. $11.00 Canada) $60.00 Also available in microfiche: 22 fiche $22.00

Baptisms of St. Joseph’s Church (1905-1986), Attleboro,MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 367 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $35.00

Baptisms of St. Joseph’s Church (1872-1990), North Grosvenordale, CT. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2 Volumes, 770 Pages. ($5.00 p/h, $9.50 Canada) $45.00 Also available in microfiche: 14 fiche $14.00

Baptisms of St. Joseph’s Church (1893-1991), Pascoag, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 349 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 7 fiche $7.00

Baptisms of St. Stephen's Church (1880-1986), Attleboro, MA A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 317 Pages ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $25.00 Also available in microfiche: 6 fiche $6.00

Baptisms of St. Matthew’s Church (1906-1988), Central Falls, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 592 Pages. ($5.00 p/h, $9.50 Canada) $38.00

Births of Peterboro, New Hampshire (1887-1951). A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 454 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 8 fiche $8.00

Births of Swansea, MA (1879-1973). A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 359 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 7 fiche $7.00

81 Marriage Repertoires Marriages of Blessed Sacrament Catholic Church (1892-1995), Fall River, MA A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 204 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $6.50 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 4 fiche $4.00

Marriages of First Universalist Church (1834-1998), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 269 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $20.00

Marriages of Holy Family Church (1902-1987), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 686 Pages. ($4.50 p/h, $8.50 Canada) $45.00 Also available in microfiche: 12 fiche $12.00

Marriages of Notre Dame Catholic Church (1873-1988), Central Falls, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2Volumes 1017 Pages. ($6.50 p/h, $11.00 Canada) $50.00 Also available in microfiche: 18 fiche $18.00

Marriages of Our Lady, Queen of Martyrs Catholic Church (1953-1986), Woon- socket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound,, 142 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada.) $15.00 Also available in microfiche: 3 fiche $3.00

Marriages of Our Lady of Victories Catholic Church (1953-1986), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 312 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 3 fiche $3.00

Marriages of Precious Blood Catholic Church (1870-1995), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2 volumes, 976 Pages. ($6.50 p/h, $11.00 Canada) $60.00 Also available in microfiche: 18 fiche $18.00

Marriages of Sacred Heart Church (1904-1990), North Attleboro, MA A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 242 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 5 fiche $5.00

Marriages of St. Agatha Catholic Church (1953-1986), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 119 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $15.00 Also available in microfiche: 3 fiche $3.00

Marriages of St. Ambrose Catholic Church (1905-1986), Albion, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 59 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $7.00 Canada) $12.50

Marriages of Ste. Anne’s Church (1869-1996), Fall River, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2 Volumes, 1284 Pages. ($6.50 p/h, $11.00 Canada.) $70.00

82 Marriages of St. Anne's Catholic Church (1890 -1986), Woonsocket, RI In addition to the names of the bride and groom and their parents, this repertoire contains a section listing the date and place of each bride and grooms baptism. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 480 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 9 fiche $9.00

Marriages of Ste. Cecilia’s Church (1910-1986), Pawtucket, RI.. A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 398 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 7 fiche $7.00

Marriages of St. Jacques Catholic Church (1904-1989), Taunton, MA A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 288 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 5 fiche $5.00

Marriages of St. Jean-Baptiste Church (1901-1996), Fall River, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 300 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $35.00

Marriages of St. John the Baptist Catholic Church (1884-1988), Pawtucket, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition. Spiral Bound, 496 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $50.00 Also available in microfiche: 9 fiche $9.00

Marriages of St. John the Baptist Church (1873-1980), West Warwick, RI.. A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 2 Volumes, 622 Pages. ($4.50 p/h, $8.50 Canada) $50.00 Also available in microfiche: 12 fiche $12.00

Marriages of St. John the Evangelist Church (1872-1986), Slatersville, RI.. A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 310 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $28.50 Also available in microfiche: 6 fiche $6.00

Marriages of St. Joseph’s Church (1872-1986), Ashton, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 246 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $24.00 Also available in microfiche: 5 fiche $5.00

Marriages of St. Joseph’s Church (1905-1986), Attleboro, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 232 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $22.50 Also available in microfiche: 4 fiche $4.00

Marriages of St. Joseph’s Church (1875-1989), Natick, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 410 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $40.00 Also available in microfiche: 8 fiche $8.00

Marriages of St. Joseph Catholic Church, N. Grosvenordale, CT This book is out of print. Available in microfiche: 9 Fiche $9.00

Marriages of St. Joseph’s Church (1893-1991), Pascoag, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 276 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 5 fiche $5.00

83 Marriages of St. Joseph Catholic Church (1929-1980), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 248 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $20.00 Also available in microfiche: 5 fiche $5.00

Marriages of St. Lawrence Catholic Church (1907-1970), Centredale, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 108 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $7.00 Canada) $20.00 Also available in microfiche: 2 fiche $2.00

Marriages of St. Louis Catholic Church (1902-1987), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 343 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 6 fiche $6.00

Marriages of St. Matthew’s Church (1906-1988), Central Falls, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 466 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.50 Canada) $40.00

Marriages of St. Matthew’s Church (1888-1986), Fall River, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 310 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.00 Canada) $27.00 Also available in microfiche: 6 fiche $6.00

Marriages of St. Paul’s Church (1852-1995), Blackstone, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 356 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $30.00

Marriages of St. Stephen’s Church (1880-1986), Attleboro, MA. A.F.G.S Edition, Soft Bound, 225 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.00 Canada) $19.95 Also available in microfiche: 4 fiche $4.00

Marriages of St. Theresa’s Church (July 1929-June 1987), Blackstone, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 132 pages. ($2.50 p/h, $6.50 Canada) $15.00 Also available in microfiche: 3 fiche $3.00

Marriages of St. Theresa’s Church (1923-1986), Nasonville, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 65 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $6.50 Canada) $15.00 Also available in microfiche: 2 fiche $2.00

Marriages of Blackstone, MA (1845-1900). A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 601 Pages. ($4.50 p/h, $8.50 Canada $35.00

Marriages of Blackstone, MA (1845-1995). A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2 Volumes, 989 Pages. ($6.50 p/h, $11.00 Canada) $35.00

Les Mariages des Iles de Madeleines, PQ., (1794-1900). By Rev Dennis M. Boudreau. Completely revised. Includes all marriages of the islands as well as many others from areas where Madelinot families settled, extending some lines beyond 1900. Complete listing of Madelinot Boudreaus from 1794-1980. A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 326 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $21.00

84 The Franco-American Marriages of New Bedford, MA, (1865-1920). By Albert Ledoux, A.F.G.S. Edition, Soft Bound, 478 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $40.00 Also available in microfiche: 9 fiche $9.00

Marriages of Peterboro, New Hampshire (1887-1948). A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 559 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 10 fiche $10.00

Marriages Recorded in the Town Reports of Norton, MA (1850-1950) A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 522 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 9 fiche $9.00

Marriages of Swansea, MA (1879-1973). A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2 Volumes, 1123 Pages. ($4.50 p/h, $8.50 Canada) $35.00 Death/Funeral Home Repertoires Burials of the Auclair Funeral Home (1944-1992), Fall River, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 373 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 8 fiche $8.00

Burials of the Brown Funeral Home (1958-1999), Burrillville, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 364 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $30.00

Burials of the Courchesne Funeral Home (1930-1998), Worcester, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 268 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.00 Canada) $30.00

Burials of the Egidio DiPardo & Sons Funeral Home (1926-1995), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 680 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 12 fiche $12.00

Elmwood Memorial-Meunier’s Funeral Service (1934-1990) w/Addendum, Burlington, VT A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 330 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 6 fiche $6.00

Franco-American Burials of the Stephen H. Foley Funeral Home (1911-1985), Attle- boro, MA A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 326 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 6 fiche $6.00

Burials of Gilman-Valade Funeral Home (1920-1969); Putnam & N. Grosvenordale, CT. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 563 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available on microfiche: 10 fiche. $10.00

Burials of Gilman-Valade Funeral Home (1970-1990), Putnam & N. Grosvenordale, CT. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 458 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 8 fiche $8.00 85 Burials of the Hickey-Grenier Funeral Home (1911-1987), Brockton, MA A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 412 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 7 fiche $7.00

Burials of the Lamoureux Funeral Home (1930-1980), New Bedford, MA A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 304 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $25.00 Also available in microfiche: 5 fiche $5.00

Burials of the Joseph Lauzon & Sons Funeral Home (1911-1988), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 624 Pages. ($4.50 p/h, $8.50 Canada) $35.00 Also available in microfiche: 11 fiche $11.00

Burials of Menard Funeral Home (1970-1990), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 272 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.00 Canada) $25.00 Also available in microfiche: 5 fiche $5.00 Burials of Menoche Funeral Home (1955-1984), Woonsocket, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 236 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $6.50 Canada) $25.00 Also available in microfiche: 5 fiche $5.00

Burials of Potvin Funeral Home (1893-1960), West Warwick, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2 Volumes, 1068 Pages. ($4.50 p/h; $8.50 Canada) $50.00 Also available in microfiche: 19 fiche $19.00

Burials of Potvin Funeral Home (1960-1995), West Warwick, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 376 Pages. ($3.00 p/h, $7.00 Canada) $25.00 Also available in microfiche: 7 fiche $7.00

Burials of the Alfred Roy & Sons Funeral Home (1904-1994), Worcester, MA A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 2 Volumes, 1286 Pages. ($4.50 p/h; $8.50 Canada) $50.00 Also available in microfiche: 23 fiche $23.00

Burials of First Universalist Church (1834-1998), Woonsocket, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 249 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $6.50 Canada) $20.00

Burials of Holy Family Church (1902-1991), Woonsocket, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 722 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $40.00

Burials of OurLady of Good Help Church (1905-1995), Mapleville, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 141 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $6.50 Canada) $30.00

Burials of St.. Joseph’s Church (1905-1986), Attleboro, MA. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 239 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $6.50 Canada) $25.00

Burials of St. Joseph’s Church (1872-1990), North Grosvenordale, CT. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 576 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $35.00

Burials of St. Matthew’s Church (1906-1988), Central Falls, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 466 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $35.00 86 Deaths Recorded in the Town of Bellingham, MA (1883-1992). A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 643 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $50.00 Combination Repertoires Baptisms, & Marriages of Our Lady of Good Help Catholic Church (1905-1995), Mapleville, RI A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 298 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $6.50 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 6 fiche $6.00

Baptisms, Marriages & Burials of Sacred Heart Catholic Church (1879-1990), West Thompson, CT A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 234 Pages. ($2.50 p/h, $6.50 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 5 fiche $5.00

Baptisms, Marriages & Burials of St. Anthony Catholic Church (1925-1996), Woonsocket, RI. A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 651 Pages. ($3.50 p/h, $7.50 Canada) $50.00

Baptisms, & Marriages of St. Michael Catholic Church (1922-1995), Swansea (Ocean Grove), MA A.F.G.S. Edition, Spiral Bound, 409 Pages. ($4.00 p/h, $8.00 Canada) $30.00 Also available in microfiche: 8 fiche $8.00 Canadian Maps These maps illustrate the counties within the province as well as the cities and towns. Lists county population and has location index. The following available: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Yukon & Northwest Territories, Newfoundland, Quebec, & Saskatchewan. Quebec map $4.00, all others $3.00. Postage (in mailing tubes) $3.50 ($5.00 Canada) Postage (folded approx. 8 1/2 X 11) $2.00 ($3.50 Canada) Charts

Standard Family Group Sheets. 8 1/2" X 11". Places to record pertinent data for a couple and up to 15 children. Reverse side blank for notes and references. Minimum order 100. $3.50 per 100 & $2.00 Postage, ($3.00 Canada)

Five Generation Chart. 8 1/2" X 11"; Standard pedigree chart. Improved version, designed to be either handwritten or typed. Minimum order 100. $3.50 per 100 & $2.00 Postage, ($2.50 Canada)

Eight Generation Family Tree Chart. 23" X 28"; Heavy parchment-like stock; Shipped in mailing tube. $4.00 & $3.00 Postage, ($4.50 Canada)

87 Ten generation Fan Chart. 25" X 36 1/2"; Printed on heavy paper, suitable for framing. Space for 1,023 ancestral names. Shipped in mailing tube. $6.00 & $3.00 Postage, ($4.00 Canada) Miscellaneous Books La Cuisine de le Grandmere Over 250 pages. These recipes have been handed down through many generations. NOTE: This is a new condensed version of our previous two book set. No new recipes, but just the best from the previous two books, in an improved format. Printed in English. $14.00 & $3.50 Postage, ($4.50 Canada)

Beginning Franco-American Genealogy. by Rev. Dennis M. Boudreau. Describes how to research French-Canadian roots including valuable references, resources and addresses for research. Spiral bound; 75 pages. $7.00 & $2.50 Postage ($4.00 Canada)

French & Belgian Immigrants to Northern RI. By Paul P. Delisle. Spiral bound, 156 pages, $15.00 & $3.00 Postage ($5.00 Canada)

Letourneau Dictionary (Vol I): The Descendants of David Letourneau 1616 to Present. By Armand Raymond Letourneau Spiral bound, 671 pages, $35.00 & $3.50 Postage ($7.50 Canada)

Letourneau Dictionary(Vol II): The Descendants of Guillaume Letourneau and the Letourneaus of New Hampshire. By Armand Raymond Letourneau Spiral bound, 212 pages, $35.00 & $3.50 Postage ($7.50 Canada)

Oak Hill Cemetery, Woonsocket, RI. Compiled by Paul P. Delisle & Roger Beaudry Spiral bound, 428 pages $30.00 & $4.00 postage ($8.00 Canada) Drouin Family Name Books These books were originally published by the Drouin Institute. They are photocopies of pages from “Dictionnaire National des Canadiens Francais 1608-1760” and “Repertoire Alphabetique des Mariages des Canadiens-Francais de 1760 a 1935,” hard cover bound with the family name engraved on both the cover and spine of the book. Quantities are limited.

Available names: Bouchard (146p), Roy (289p), and Simard (101p). Books are priced at $30.00 each CD-ROMs Dictionnaire National des Canadiens Francais 1608-1760 (Red Drouin Books)

$89.95 & $2.00 P&H ($4.00 Canada) NOTE: CD’S ARE BOTH IBM & MAC COMPATABLE 88 Payment UNITED STATES: Checks or Money Orders payable to the American-French Genealogi- cal Society, or Mastercard/Visa.

CANADA: Postal money orders payable to the American-French Genealogical Society or Mastercard/Visa. U.S. funds only.

Postage and handling on all fiche is $2.00 for the first set, and $.75 for each additional set.

Prices are subject to change without notice. An order form which you can photocopy is printed on the next page for your convenience.

WEIRD NEWS

More people think Albert Einstein should be cloned than Jesus, a survey has shown. A thousand people were asked whether Einstein, Jesus, Mozart or Elvis Presley should be cloned for the benefit of mankind. Twenty-two per cent voted for Einstein compared with just 12 per cent who thought Jesus should be cloned. Mozart was chosen by eight per cent and Elvis by seven per cent. A total of 61 per cent said none of the four should be cloned, and five per cent said they did not know. Some of those questioned chose more than one name. Ten per cent of men agreed humans should be cloned, compared with seven per cent of women. The survey was carried out to mark the publication next month of a controversial novel, The Coming, by Michael Rigg and John Alexander. The novel, published by Majestic Books, is described as a “deeply disturbing” vision about the cloning of Jesus. ~~~ Maine state representative Christopher O’Neil sponsored a bill in the Maine State House to repeal the law requiring motorists to yield to pedestrians in a marked crosswalk. He says this will make crossing the street safer for pedestrians because the fear of being legally run over by a car will make pedestrians more cautious and will therefore result in fewer pedestrians getting hit by cars. The bill titled “An Act to Protect Motor Vehicles From Dangerous Pedestrians,” has some lawmakers wondering if this is just a joke. There are no co- sponsors for the bill. ~~~ British farmers have 90 days to put a toy in every pigsty or face a $1,500 (GBP1,000) fine or three months in jail. In a new EU ruling farmers have to supply an object to keep pigs happy and deter them from chewing each other. ~~~

89 New Books on the Library Shelves

Our library keeps growing. This Historique de Ville La Salle. listing is current as of March Payette National Forest, Idaho. 2003. Saguenay – Lac St. Jean. France Travel Book. Le Tricentenaire de Sept-Iles, 1951. Les Cinquante Ans de la Paroisse de St. B-M-S: St. Vincent de Paul, Longueuil Grégoire de Montmorency, 1890- Since 1954. 1940 Les Premiers Tougas Canadiens. St. Charles Borromée, Detroit, MI, Marriages: Kamouraska County, 1685- 1886-1986. 1990, A-L (Grooms). L’Acadie et Son Eglise. Marriages: Kamouraska County, 1685- 250ieme Anniversaire de L’Érection 1990, M-Z (Grooms). Canonique de la Paroisse St. François Les Origines Familiales des Pionniers de Sales de la Pointe aux Trembles de du Québec Ancien, 1621-1865. Neuville. Obituaries: Volume 103. Notes Historiques sur la Paroisse de St. Checklist of Parish Registers, 1986. Étienne de la Malbaie (Charlevoix). René de Varennes et sa Descendance, Le Centenaire de Notre Dame, 1929. 1634-2000. Dedication of St. Theresa’s of the In- Les Toupin du Sault/Seigneur de Belair, fant Jesus Church, S. Attleboro, MA. Seigneurs des Écureuils. L’Église de L’Avadie et ses The Great Settlement of Acadians in Dependances. Québec, Volumes 2, 3 and 4. L’Étenard – École Superiure St. Mi- Index des Archivistes de Famille, chel, Sillery, PQ. 1997-1998. History of Brunswick, Topsham & La Famille Vadenay. Harpswell, Maine. 10,000 Vital Records of Eastern New Histoire Commerciale & Industriele York, 1777-1834. de Magog. 10,000 Vital Records of Central New Côte de Beaupré, Charlevoix, Côte York, 1813-1850. Nord. 10,000 Vital Records of Western New St. Vincent de Paul de L’Ile Jésus. York, 1809-1850. Cap St. Ignace, 1900-1950. Kaskaskia Records, 1778-1790. Historical Kaskaskia. La Famille Jean Marchesseau dit Petite Histoire de Berthier. Laramée, 1703-2003. Memories of Early Days on St. Pierre Rêche dit Beauchemin – Pilard Joseph’s Island. and Magdeleine Fleurant dit Pinard. 90 B-M-S: St. Michel des Saints/St. B-M-D: Marginal Annotations: St. Zenon/St. Ignace du Lac/St. Guillaume Calixte, 1854-1993. du Nord, Vol. 2. B-M-D: Marginal Annotations: Notre Recensement de 1851: Paroisse St. Dame de la Merci, Montcalm. Cesaire, Rouville. Baptisms: St. Esprit, Montcalm, 1808- R.I. History Album, 1856-1956. 1999, Tome 1 & 2. Les Cinquante Ans de Ferland, Sask. Deaths: St. Esprit, Montcalm, 1808- Bourget Diamantaire/Paroisse Sacre- 1999. Coeur. B-M-D: Marginal Annotations: St. The Story of Simcoe Co., Central Ligouri, Joliette, 1853-1987. Ontario. B-M-D: Marginal Annotations: Norte St. Theresa, Blackstone, MA, Golden Dame des Prairies, Joliette, 1950- Jubillee. 1999. St. Patrick’s Church, Niagara Falls, NY, B-M-D: Marginal Annotations: Notre 1895-1945. Dame de Lourdes, Joliette, 1925- Très St. Sacrement, Lachine, Cin- 1999. quantenaire. Marriages: L’Assomption de la Ste. Tricentenaire de Ste. Anne de Beaupre. Vierge, 1725-1993 (St. Pierre du 75th Anniversary of St. Theresa, Portage). Nasonville, RI. B-M-D: Marginal Annotations: St. Marriages: St. Joachim de Pointe Gerard Majella, l’Assomption, 1905- Claire, 1975-1989. 1995. Marriages: Ste. Catherine Laboure Baptisms: St. Paul l’Ermite, l’Assomp- (LaSalle), 1952-1980. tion, 1857-1994. The Antigonish Whiddens and a Brief M-D: Marginal Annotations: St. Paul Historical Outline of Nova Scotia and l’Ermite, l’Assomption, 1857-1994. Co. and The Town of Antigonish. Marriages: Beauport, 1671-1992. Baptisms: St. Jovite, 1879-1910, A-K/ Deaths: Biencourt, Esprit Saint, Lac Deaths: St. Jovite, 1879-1992. des Aigles, St. Guy, St. Medard, Trinité Les Maires l’Assomtion, 1919-1969. des Monts. Recensement 1851: St. François de Marriages: Ste. Thérèse d’Avila, Coeur Sales & St. Vincent de Paul. Immaculé de Marie, Sacré-Coeur de Recensement 1851: Ste. Rose de Lima. Jesus, St. Jean de la Croix, Notre Dame Recensement Nominatif des familles de l’Assomption, St. Rédempteur, Très d’Aylmer, Ottawa, 1851. St. Sacrement, Notre Dame de Fatima, Recensement 1851: St. Bruno & Ste. Ste. Françoise Cabrini, Holy Cross. Famille de Boucherville. Marriages: Dorcester Co., Men/ Recensement 1851: St. Jean l’Evan- Women, 1824-1992. geliste et village. Canadians in Vermont Units – Civil Recensement 1851: St. Bernard de War. Lacolle. Recensement St. Grégoire de Nazianze, Recensement 1851: Ste. Marguerite de Buckingham, 1902. Blairfindie et St. Luc. Marriages: Montmagny Co. B-M-D: Marginal Annotations: St. Marriages: St. André-Hubert-Fournet, Alexis, Montcalm, 1852-1993. Lachine. 91 Marriages: St. Ambroise de la Jeune Portage, l’Assomption, 1901-1993. Lorette/Notre Dame de Lorette (Vil- B-M-D: St. Joachim de la Plaine, lage des Hurons)/Ste. Marie Mediatrice. l’Assomption Recensement 1851: Ste. Flavie/St. Baptisms: Huberdeau, Argenteuil, Joseph du Grand Remous. 1886-1910. Recensement 1851: St. Thomas, l’Islet. Baptisms & deaths: Breboeuf & St. Births & Baptisms: Trois Pistoles, Adolphe d’Howard. 1713-1962/Riviere Trois Pistols, Recensement 1851: St. Louis de 1906-1988. Gonzague, Beauharnois. Marriages: Beauce Co., 1740-1992, 2 Recensement 1851: St. Laurent/Ste. volumes. Genevieve de Montréal. Marriages: St. Joseph, Montréal, 1868- Recensement 1851: Lachine/Pointe 1893. Claire/Ste. Anne du Bout de l’Ile. Marriages: Notre Dame du Chemin, Recensement 1851: Sault au Récollet/ Québec, 1909-1979. St. Joseph de la Rivière des Prairies. B-M-D: La Ferme, St. Viateur/Mission Recensement 1851: St. François St. Étienne. d’Assise de Longue Pointe/L’Enfant B-M-D: Berry-St. Nazaire/St. Gérard Jesus de Pointe Aux Trembles. Majella. Mariages: St. Jean-Baptiste, Montréal, B-M-D: Manneville-Bon Pasteur (Ste. 1875-1956 (2 volumes). Philomène). Recensement 1851: St. Mathias/St. B-M-D: Pikogan-Ste Catherine. Jean-Baptiste de Rouville. B-M-D: St. Mathieu d’Harricana Ouest. Recensement 1851: St. Valentin/St. B-M-D: La Motte/St. Luc. Patrice de Sherrington/St. Cyprien. B-M-D: St. Marc de Figuery. Recensement 1851: Ste. Anne de B-M-D: La Corne/St. Benoit. Varennes/Ste. Julie. B-M-D: St. Maurice de Daliquier. Deaths: Ste. Anne des Plaines, 1788- B-M-D: St. Émile/St. Léon le Grande/ 1899. St. Simon. Births & Deaths: St. Remi d’Amherst B-M-D: St. Georges/St. Alphonse. Cemetery, Lac de Plages. B-M-D: St. Dominique du Rosaire. Marriages: St. Sauveur des Monts, B-M-D: Ste. Gertrude de Manneville. 1853-1991. Marriages: St. Henri de Mascouche, Marriages: St. Janvier de Mirabel, 1750-1993 (2 volumes). 1846-1975. Baptisms: St. Henri de Mascouche, Deaths: Non-Catholics in Gaspe Co. 1750-1993 (2 volumes). 1820-2000 (2 Volumes). B-M-D: Notre Dame du St. Rosaire, Marriages: L’Assomption de Notre Mascouche, l’Assomption, 1950-1996. Dame de Grande Riviere, 1851-1993. B-M: St. Benoit de Mascouche, B-M-D: Anglican Church, St. Oswald l’Assomption, 1974-1996. of Montréal South, 1924-1941. Baptisms: St. Pierre du Portage, B-M-D: Methodist Church. l’Assomption, 1800-1850. B-M-D: Église Gadenville, 1905- Baptisms: St. Pierre du Portage, 1941. l’Assomption. 1851-1900. Deaths: St. Tite de Champlain, 1859- Baptisms & Annnotations, St. Pierre du 1940. 92 Births & Baptisms: St. Tite de wife. Champlain, 1859-1940. La Famille Leclerc, 1662-1962. Births & Deaths: St. Timothée Une branche de LaCourciere. (Herouxville), 1898-1940. Births and Baptisms: St. Alphonse de La Mission du Père LeJeune sur la Côté Bagotville, LaBaie, 1857-1940. du Sud, 1633-1634. Les pionniers de Longueuil et leur Jean-Marie Ducharme, 1723-1807 origines, 1666-1681. (Volume 33). Marriages: Notre Dame du Très St. Nos Premieres Mères de Famille. Sacrement, 1926-1990. Ancestry of Antoine Léopold Bédard to Births & Deaths: St. Rafaël, Belle- Isaac Bédard, b. 1616 & Marie Girard, chasse, 1851-2000.

Idiot Guide

I live in a semi rural area. We recently had a new neighbor call the local township administrative office to request the removal of the Deer Crossing sign on our road. The reason: too many deer were being hit by cars, and he didn’t want them to cross there anymore.

I was at the airport, checking in at the gate when an airport employee asked, “Has anyone put anything in your baggage without your knowledge?”To which I replied, “If it was without my knowledge, how would I know?”He smiled knowingly and nodded, “That’s why we ask.

The stoplight on the corner buzzes when it’s safe to cross the street. I was crossing with an intellectually challenged coworker of mine when she asked if I knew what the buzzer was for. I explained that it signalsblind people when the light is red. Appalled, she responded, “What on earth are blind people doing driving?!”

At a good-bye luncheon for an old and dear coworker who is leaving the company due to “down sizing,” our manager commented cheerfully, “This is fun. We should do this more often.” Not a word was spoken. We all just looked at each other with that deer-in-the-headlights stare.

When my husband and I arrived at an automobile dealership to pick up our car, we were told the keys had been locked in it. We went to the service department and found a mechanic working feverishly to unlock the driver’s side door. As I watched from the passenger side, I instinctively tried the door handle and discovered that it was unlocked.”Hey,” I announced to the technician, “It’s open!” To which he replied,”I know -- I already got that side.”

I work with an individual who plugged her power strip back into itself and for the life of her couldn’t understand why her system would not turn on.

93 Member’s Corner

New Members Since January 2002

If you need to contact anybody in this 5106 - Dora Horta - Rhode Island list, write of fax the Society, attention 5107 - Claire R. (Gendreau) Franek - Membership Director. New York 5108 - E. Neil Pelletier - Virginia 5070L - Guy Letourneau - Québec 5109 - Lynn Cyr - Massachusetts 5080L - George Martin - Maryland 5110 - Irene A. Beauregard - Rhode 5084L - Sarah Butler - California Island 5085 - Joe Dolorey - Massachusetts 5111 - Kathryn Petitpas - Connecticut 5086 - Bernardin R. Giguere - Maine 5112 - Lisa S. Hindle Deppe - Iowa 5087 - Elizabeth LaPlume - Massachu- 5113 - Laurent J. Beauregard - Maine setts 5114 - Susan E. McCarthy - Rhode 5088 - Elizabeth Cox - California Island 5089 - Philippe F. Fontaine - Connecti- 5115 - Patrick LaFountain - Connecti- cut cut 5090 - Maurice Ledoux - Québec 5116 - Therese A. Glaude - Rhode 5091 - Mia Turner - California Island 5092 - Brian Payea - Massachusetts 5117 - Sheri Martelli - Rhode Island 5093 - Jo-Ann Plante - Rhode Island 5118 - Doris A. Bonoyer - New 5094 - Francis J. Bousquet - Massachu- Hampshire setts 5119 - Therese Trofi - Rhode Island 5095 - Michel Lamoureux - Québec 5120 - Anne A. Bahl - California 5096 - Claire L. Whittaker - Rhode 5121 - Bro. Frank Fontaine - Rhode Island Island 5097 - Roger Lavoie - Rhode Island 5122 - Mary Lessard - Massachusetts 5098 - Ron Ohlfs - California 5123F - Charles J. & Jeanne Caine - 5099F - Edmond & Jeanne Laflamme - Massachusetts Rhode Island 5124 - Lorraine Gaudreau - Massachu- 5100 - Linda M. Sans-Souci - Missouri setts 5101F - Maurice E. Manny, Sr. - 5125 - Michael B. Melanson - Mas- Massachusetts sachusetts 5102 - B. Michael Servais - Tennessee 5126 - Anne-Marie Burke - Massachu- 5103 - Sydney R. Robertson - New setts Jersey 5127 - Eugene A. Lafleche - Massachu- 5104 - Joyce Charrette - Rhode Island setts 5105 - Pat Casavant - Rhode Island 5128 - Terry Walcott - Massachusetts 94 5129 - Susan Elizabeth Fauteux - Mass- 5165F - Terry & Gerry Gervais - Rhode achusetts Island 5130 - Barbara A. Desmarais - Maine 5166 - Judith A. Wypych - Massachu- 5131 - Donald J. Paquette - Ohio setts 5133F - Thomas & Jennifer Ezzell - 5167 - Charles R. Turcotte - Rhode Connecticut Island 5134 - Walter Ethier - Rhode Island 5168 - Richard Marois - Rhode Island 5135 - Roger Parent - Rhode Island 5169F - Dolor R. & Jeanne T. Jette - 5136 - Arthur Brunelle - Rhode Island Massachusetts 5137 - Kimberly Wood Bellemore - 5170 - Donna Potter - Rhode Island Rhode Island 5171 - Jeannette Ruhle - Rhode Island 5138 - Diane M. Cooper - Virginia 5172 - Cynthia Sweet - Texas 5139 - Rodney L. Loyear - North 5173 - Norman E. LaBrie - Rhode Is- Carolina land 5140 - Patricia Ryan - Nebraska 5174 - Joe R. Marceau - California 5141 - Constance Williams - Rhode Is- 5175F - Susan Trembley & George land Shuster - Rhode Island 5142 - Nancy M. Dusseault - Florida 5176 - Bridgette Poi - Connecticut 5143 - Paul Bouley - Rhode Island 5177 - Roger A. Francoeur - Rhode 5144 - Sharon LeDuc Pulse - Washing- Island ton 5178 - Ann Wright - Rhode Island 5145 - Elizabeth Lakeman - Massachu- 5179 - Amanda L. Briggs - Connecticut setts 5180 - Janet Dube - Vermont 5146 - Richard Heroux - Rhode Island 5181 - James Allie - Pennsylvania 5147 - Kathy Mitchell - Connecticut 5182 - Lisa M. Atherholt - Michigan 5148 - Michael Joseph DeGrenier - 5183 - Arthur Ayotte - Massachusetts Washington 5184 - Deb Haines - Illinois 5149 - Roberta Salvas - Rhode Island 5185 - Marguerite Plante Zywiak - 5150 - Mary K. Haughey - Michigan New York 5151 - Dean F. San Jule - New York 5186 - Anne Conway - Rhode Island 5152 - Donna Dobbelaere - Washington 5187 - Maureen H. Bessette - Rhode 5153 - Dianne Demers - Massachusetts Island 5154 - Barbara E. Burke - Massachu- 5188 - Janet M. Seffens - Florida setts 5189 - Norma Jean Lavoie - Rhode Is- 5155 - Kathleen A. McKenna - Rhode land Island 5190 - Jean T. Bonneau - Massachu- 5156 - Gregory A. Martin - Ohio setts 5157 - Christine Silvia - Massachusetts 5191 - T. Anne Gemme - Massachu- 5158 - Violette Lavoie - Connecticut setts 5159 - Leslie Smith - Rhode Island 5192 - David Sullivan - Rhode Island 5160 - George Thomas - South Carolina 5193F - Denis & Judy Roch - Rhode Is- 5161 - Jackie Croteau - Rhode Island land 5162 - Stephen Doyon - Massachusetts 5194 - Steven E. Kunz - Massachusetts 5163 - Louise A. Smith - Rhode Island 5195 - Joan Ratcliff - Rhode Island 5164 - Bruce Tavarozzi - Rhode Island 5196 - Donald Sullin - Ohio 95 5197 - Emil L’Homme, Jr. - North Car- 5223 - Lucille Monroe - Florida olina 5224 - Lawrence Roberts - Pennsylva- 5198 - Margaret Waterman - Rhode nia Island 5225 - Martin Chayer - Ontario 5199 - Albert Mercier - Massachusetts 5226 - Grace Namara - Vermont 5200 - Jonathan Fournier - Rhode Is- 5227F - Jane & Theodore Wassam - land California 5201 - Kathleen M. Brequet - Rhode Is- 5228 - Paul Bouliane - Massachusetts land 5229 - Marilyn Ise - Rhode Island 5202 - Richard Chausse - Washington, 5230 - Charles A. Boisseau - Rhode Is- DC land 5203 - Albert M. Fortier - Massachu- 5231 - Claire L. Vaillant - Rhode Island setts 5232 - Richard Steinhilber - Massachu- 5204 - Theresa Ann Goguen Hotchkiss setts - Texas 5233 - Renee Saari - Michigan 5205 - Donald Duchesne - Massachu- 5234 - Madeleine Estelle Holway - setts Massachusetts 5206 - Paul Boisseau - Massachusetts 5235 - Philip Robert Bousquet - New 5207 - Jeannine Johnson - Massachu- York setts 5236 - Roberta C. Carr - Rhode Island 5208 - Paulette La Plante Keefe - 5237 - Robert Decker - Massachusetts Rhode Island 5238 - Becky Keegan - Massachusetts 5209 - Paulette Pelletier - Rhode Is- 5239 - Debbie Orazi - Rhode Island land 5240 - Margaret McFarland - Maryland 5210 - Constance Halverson - Minne- 5241 - Louis Archer - Québec sota 5242 - Suzanne Morin - Québec 5211 - Nadine L. St. Jean - Rhode Island 5243 - John Benoit - Washington, DC 5212F- Leo & Joan Legendre - Massa- 5244 - Jacqueline C. McAlice - Massa- chusetts chusetts 5213 - Laure Berthelette - Massachu- 5245 - Murielle LaPointe - Massachu- setts setts 5214 - Richard R. Malone - Massachu- 5246 - Jeff LeBlanc - Virginia setts 5247 - Elizabeth Hanahan - Connecti- 5215 - Rev. Bernard Vanasse - Massa- cut chusetts 5248 - Jason M. LaForest - Massachu- 5216 - Frances Cunningham - Massa- setts chusetts 5249 - Lorraine Caruso - New Jersey 5217 - Margaret S. Pereira - Rhode 5250 - Rita C. Greenough - Rhode Is- Island land 5218 - Susan M. Lema - Rhode Island 5251 - Laurent D. Menard - Rhode Is- 5219 - Richard Allard - Rhode Island land 5220 - Robert Edward Passno - Florida 5252 - Kathleen Blum - Connecticut 5221F - Roland & David Morais - New 5253 - Margaret Anne (Crevier) Snyder Jersey - Florida 5222 - Michael P. Corrigan - Colorado 5254 - Betty L. Jasmin - Rhode Island 96 5255 - Lucienne C. Eaton - Rhode Is- Minnesota land 5288 - Joan Kathryn Pettipas - Florida 5256 - Gloria R. Martino - New York 5289 - Ellen Tetreault - Rhode Island 5257 - Margaret Landry Grell - Kansas 5290 - Daniel L. Savoie - Massachu- 5258 - Nancy M. Graves - Missouri setts 5259 - Alfred E. Michon - Massachu- 5291 - Norma L. Wasmer - Wisconsin setts 5292 - Tiffany Fugere - Texas 5250 - Susan Orlie - Arizona 5293 - Mary Gray - Rhode Island 5261 - Susan A. Schroeder - New Mex- 5294 - Shirley Chaisson - Massachu- ico setts 5262 - Wayne M. Bombard - Massachu- 5295 - Jan Haziett - Massachusetts setts 5296 - Anne Marie Nadeau - New York 5263 - Lynne Bosworth - California 5297 - Florence Reynolds - Rhode Is- 5264 - Diana Vickery - Illinois land 5265 - Laura J. Lalime-Mowry - Vir- 5298 - Tammy M. St. Pierre - Massa- ginia chusetts 5266 - Albert G. Langlais - Rhode Island 5299 - Paul Edward Parker - Rhode Is- 5267 - Denis Menard - Rhode Island land 5268 - Françoise Leveillee - Rhode Is- 5300 - Stephen G. Poirier, DDS - land Massachusetts 5269 - Armand R. Lienard - Virginia 5301 - Beverly Dwyer - Florida 5270 - Raymond Antil - Rhode Island 5302 - Richard John Richard - Wash- 5271 - Susan Lee Rivet - Rhode Island ington 5272I - Upton Historical Society - 5303 - Andre A. Peloquin - Florida Massachusetts 5304 - P. M. Sutko - Virginia 5273 - Luella Moltzen - New York 5305 - Edward Nocivelli - Massachu- 5274 - Francine M. Leclair - Massachu- setts setts 5306 - Sheila Beaulieu Beaubien - 5275 - Marilyn J. Menard - Massachu- Michigan setts 5307 - Raymond R. Metivier - Rhode 5276 - Leslie Smith - Rhode Island Island 5277 - Eileen Malec - Massachusetts 5308 - Pat Dinheen - Massachusetts 5278 - Carolyn L. Carr - Washington 5309 - Ronald Lapierre - Georgia 5279 - Joyce Rozell - British Columbia 5310F - Deborah Lacroix & Donald 5280 - Nannette Dumas - Massachu- Danis - Rhode Island setts 5311F - Roland & Suzanne Prive - 5281 - Lynn Kosewski - Rhode Island Rhode Island 5282 - Jean M. MacDonald - Rhode 5312 - Timothy Burr - Massachusetts Island 5313 - Lorrie Dogan - Alabama 5283 - Nancy B. Clark - Wisconsin 5314 - Esther Gaudagni - Rhode Island 5284 - John M. Richard - Arizona 5315 - Laura Payeur - Rhode Island 5285 - Karen C. Clifford - Georgia 5316 - Raymond Choiniere - Rhode Is- 5286 - Raymond H. Longacre - Penn- land sylvania 5317 - Linda Dean - Connecticut 5287F - Bruce & Ruth Charnley - 5318 - Leo T. Fontaine - Rhode Island 97 5319 - Judith A. Kohl - New York 5326 - Thomas A. Henault Sr. - 5320 - Kim Carter - Virginia Massachusetts 5321 - Kelly Townsend - Texas 5327 - Pat DeCiantis - Arizona 5322 - Carole Adelaide Troster - 5328 - Ann Maurice - California Florida 5329 - Joseph C. Norgeau - Rhode Is- 5323 - Ruth Paradise Konkowski - land Florida 5330 - Douglas A. Phinney - Massachu- 5324 - Bob Dupre - New Jersey setts 5325 - Emily Salings - Florida 5331 - Gary Tardiff - Wisconsin True or False? Can you guess which of the following are true or false? Answers at the end. 1. Apples, not caffeine, are more efficient at waking you up in the morning. 2. Alfred Hitchcock didn’t have a bellybutton. 3. A pack-a-day smoker will lose approximately 2 teeth every 10 yrs. 4. People do not get sick from cold weather; it’s from being indoors a lot more. 5. When you sneeze, all bodily functions stop even your heart! 6. Only seven (7) per cent of the population are lefties. 7. 40 people are sent to the hospital for dog bites every minute. 8. Babies are born without kneecaps. They don’t appear until they are 2-6 years old. 9. The average person over fifty will have spent 5 years waiting in lines. 10. The toothbrush was invented in 1498. 11. The average housefly lives for one month. 12. 40,000 Americans are injured by toilets each year. 13. A coat hanger is 44 inches long when straightened. 14. The average computer user blinks 7 times a minute. 15. Your feet are bigger in the afternoon than the rest of the day. 16. Most of us have eaten a spider in our sleep. 17. The REAL reason ostriches stick their head in the sand is to search for water. 18. The only 2 animals that can see behind itself without turning it’s head are the rabbit and the parrot. 19. John Travolta turned down the starring roles in “An Officer and a Gentleman and Tootsie. 20. Michael Jackson owns the rights to the South Carolina State anthem. 21. In most television commercials advertising milk, a mixture of white paint and a little thinner is used in place of the milk. 22. Prince Charles and Prince William NEVER travel on the same airplane just in case there is a crash. 23. The first Harley Davidson motorcycle built in 1903 used a tomato can for a carburetor. 24. Most hospitals make money by selling the umbilical cords cut from women who give birth. They are reused in vein transplant surgery. 25. Humphrey Bogart was related to Princess Diana. They were 7th cousins. 26. If coloring weren’t added to Coca-Cola, it would be green. The answer: All true! 98 These spaces are reserved for your ad! Over 1900 copies of this publication are mailed to AFGS members in the U.S., Canada, and Europe; including over 200 libraries and genealogical/historical societies. Your advertisement will be seen by thousands of people in your market.

Full page — $50.00 Half page — $25.00 Quarter page — $12.50

Above rates are for camera-ready copy, and are payable in U.S. funds. 100 Years Ago

Researched from various sources.

The average life expectancy in $2500 per year, a veterinarian between the United States was forty-seven. $1500 and $4000 per year, and a mechanical engineer about $5000 per Only 14 percent of the homes year. in the United States had a bathtub. More than 95 percent of all Only 8 percent of the homes births in the United States took place at had a telephone. A three minute call home. from Denver to New York City cost eleven dollars. Ninety percent of all US physicians had no college education. There were only 8,000 cars in Instead, they attended medical schools, the US and only 144 miles of paved many of which were condemned in the roads. press and by the government as “substandard.” The maximum speed limit in most cities was ten mph. Sugar cost four cents a pound. Eggs were fourteen cents a dozen. Alabama, Mississippi, Iowa, Coffee cost fifteen cents a pound. and Tennessee were each more heavily populated than California. With a mere Most women only washed 1.4 million residents, California was their hair once a month and used borax only the twenty-first most populous or egg yolks for shampoo.Canada state in the Union. passed a law prohibiting poor people from entering the country for any The tallest structure in the reason, either as travelers or immi- world was the Eiffel Tower. grants.

The average wage in the US The five leading causes of was twenty-two cents an hour. The death in the U.S. were: average US worker made between $200 1. Pneumonia and influenza and $400 per year. 2. Tuberculosis 3. Diarrhea A competent accountant could 4. Heart disease expect to earn $2000 per year, a dentist 5. Stroke 100 The American flag had 45 were apt to become sexually aroused stars. Arizona, Oklahoma, New Mexico, by the steady rhythm, hour after hour, Hawaii and Alaska hadn’t been admitted of the sewing machine’s foot pedals. to the Union yet. They recommended slipping bromide – which was thought to diminish sexual Drive-by-shootings – in which desire – into the women’s drinking teenage boys galloped down the street water. on horses and started randomly shooting at houses, carriages, or anything else Marijuana, heroin, and mor- that caught their fancy – were an phine were all available over the ongoing problem in Denver and other counter at corner drugstores. Accord- cities in the West. ing to one pharmacist, “Heroin clears the complexion, gives buoyancy to the The population of Las Vegas, mind, regulates the stomach and the Nevada was thirty. The remote desert bowels, and is, in fact, a perfect community was inhabited by only a guardian of health.” handful of ranchers and their families. Coca-Cola contained cocaine Plutonium, insulin, and antibi- instead of caffeine. otics hadn’t been discovered yet. Scotch tape, crossword puzzles, canned Punch card data processing beer, and iced tea hadn’t been invented. had recently been developed, and early predecessors of the modern computer There was no Mother’s Day or were used for the first time by the Father’s Day. government to help compile the 1900 census. One in ten US adults couldn’t read or write. Only 6 percent of all Eighteen percent of house- Americans had graduated from high holds in the United States had at least school. one full-time servant or domestic.

Some medical authorities There were about 230 re- warned that professional seamstresses ported murders in the US annually.

The real art of conversation is not only to say the right thing at the right time, but also to leave unsaid the wrong thing at the tempting moment.

Age doesn’t always bring wisdom. Sometimes age comes alone.

As I said before, I never repeat myself.

Living on Earth may be expensive, but it includes a free annual trip around the sun!

There is a very fine line between “hobby” and “mental illness.” 101 AUTHORS’ GUIDELINES

Subject Matter: JMS publishes articles of interest to people of French Cana- dian descent. Articles dealing with history and genealogy are of primary interest, although articles on related topics will be considered. Especially desirable are articles dealing with sources and techniques, i.e. "how-to guides."

Length: Length of your article should be determined by the scope of your topic. Unusually long articles should be written in such a way that they can be broken down into two or more parts. Surnames should be capitalized.

Style: A clear, direct conversational style is preferred. Keep in mind that most of our readers have average education and intelligence. An article written above that level will not be well received.

Manuscripts: This publication is produced on an IBM-compatible computer, using state of the art desktop publishing software. While this software has the capability to import text from most word-processing programs, we prefer that you submit your article in straight ASCII text or in WordPerfect 8 format on 3.5" floppy disk. If you do not use an IBM-compatible computer, or do not have access to a computer, your manuscript should be typewritten on 8.5" x 11" paper. It should be double-spaced with a 1-inch margin all around. If notes must be used, endnotes are preferable over footnotes. A bibliography is desirable.

Illustrations: Our software is capable of importing graphics in most IBM-compatible formats. Vector graphics (PIC, PLT, WMF, WMT, CGM, DRW, or EPS) are preferred over bit-mapped graphics (BMP, MSP, PCX, PNT, or TIF). Scanned images can also be used. We prefer the Tagged Image File Format (TIF) for scanned photos. You may also submit printed black-and white photographs. We will have them scanned if, in our opinion, the photo adds enough to the article to justify the cost.

Other Considerations: Authors are responsible for the accuracy of all material submitted. All material published in Je Me Souviens is copyrighted and becomes the property of the AFGS. All material submitted for publication must be original. Previously published material, except that which is in the public domain, will be accepted only if it is submitted by the author and is accompanied by a signed release from the previous publisher. Articles that promote a specific product or service, or whose subject matter is inappropriate, will be rejected.

Members' Corner: Members' Corner is a section whose purpose is to provide a conduit by which our members may contact each other for the purpose of ex- changing information. This is a service provided for members only at no cost on a space-available basis. You may submit short items (one or two paragraphs) in the following categories: 102 Work in Progress - If you are involved in an unusual project or are researching a specific subject or surname, you may use Members' Corner to an- nounce this fact. Members able to help are encouraged to contact you. Books Wanted - If you are searching for a book or books to aid you in your research, you may advertise your need here. Please include as much information as possible about the books, i.e. title, author, publisher, publication date, etc. Books for Sale - We will accept items for used books which you wish to sell, or for books you have personally authored. Be sure to include the name of the book and your asking price. Book dealers may not use this space. Book dealers are encouraged to purchase advertising space in this journal. Rates are published on the inside front cover. Cousin Search - If you have a living relative with whom you have lost contact, you may use this space to help in your search. Include the person's full name and last known address, along with any other pertinent information.

All submissions to Members' Corner must include your name, address and phone number. Deadlines are 15 December for the Spring issue, and 15 June for the Fall issue. Keep in mind that this is a semiannual publication. Where time is important, items should be sent to AFGnewS.

To Submit Articles: Mail all submissions to Paul P. Delisle, P.O. Box 830, Woonsocket, RI 02895-0870.

103 The AFGS has a new address:

American-French Genealogical Society P.O. Box 830 Woonsocket, RI 02895-0870

Please use this address whenever you correspond with the Society.

104 The Joy Of Giving .... PCs

Do computers, like people, slow down as they get older? No, but it sure seems that way! Today's software places greater demands on equipment. That, along with higher expectations, nifty options, and tax de- preciation, feeds "upgrade fever".

But, while we're preoccupied with when to upgrade, and to what, an important question is often ignored...what do you do with the old equipment? Some of our members just pass it down the ladder to other family members, or to those whose demands aren't as great as those who are upgrading. The trouble is, many members often can't find anyone who can use the older machines. One alternative is to try and sell the hardware, while another is to sell your equipment to a liquidator or used computer dealer.

A better option, however, might be to give it to a nonprofit organization, such as the AFGS. What these machines lack in dollar value often pales in comparison to their value to groups and individuals that really need them.

Our organization would be happy to accept any old IBM-PC, 386, 486 or higher compatible. But, do not forget to take a few precautions! For example, software that works for you might be inappropriate for volunteers. Be careful about giving away machines with copyrighted software on the hard disk. Some software companies allow users to donate older versions of their programs, but it's best to check with the vendor.

Whatever you do, do not let your PC sit in a closet gathering dust! So many people can use them for so many different and very good reasons! (And, it could mean a substantial tax deduction for you!)

Don't Just Donate A Piece Of Equipment... Donate A Solution! You'll Feel Better For It! For More Information, Contact Roger Bartholomy @ 401-769-1623

105 AFGS RESEARCH POLICY

STEP ONE: WHAT YOU SEND

Your request and a self-addressed stamped envelope. Your choice of the type of research to be done according to the following descriptions:

A. Single Marriage - Only one marriage to search. Marriages of parents will be counted as additional single marriages and billed as such. Rates are $5.00 per marriage for AFGS members and $10.00 per marriage for non-members.

B. Direct Lineage - A straight line of either a husband or wife back to the immigrant ancestor. This will include each couple, their date and place of marriage, and their parents’ names. Origin of immigrant ancestor in France will be included where this information can be obtained. Price for this service will determined by the number of generations found times the applicable rate quoted above for single marriages.

C. Five-Generation Ancestral Chart - Standard five-generation ancestral chart of 31 ancestors with 8 marriages found. The last column of names will give parents’ names only: no marriages as they will each start a new chart. Prices are $35.00 for AFGS members and $50.00 for non-members.

NOTE: Do not send payment in advance.

STEP TWO: OUR JOB

After receiving your properly submitted request, we will immediately start your research. We will then notify you of our findings and bill you for the research performed according to the applicable rates quoted above.

STEP THREE: YOUR APPROVAL

After receiving our report and billing statement, return the top portion with a check for the proper amount payable to AFGS. Upon receipt, we will forward your requested research. All requests not resolved by the Research Committee will be placed in the Question and Answer section of Je Me Souviens.

Again, please do not send payment in advance.

106 Index To This Issue

Volume 26, Number1, Spring 2003 A BISSON, Mathurine 36 BOYER, Barbe 36 BISSON, Michel 36 BRADFORD, Alden 11 ALOGNON, Pierre 36 BOISSEL, Jacques 36 BRUNET, Mathieu 36 AMIOT, Jeanne 17 BOISSON, Barbe 36 ARCHER, Louis 46, 64 BOISSON, Jean 36 C ARSENAULT, Bona 8 BOISSON, Jeanne 36 AUBIN, Michel 36 CANAC, Jean-Baptiste BOISSON, Louise 36 55 AVISSE, Marguerite- BOISSON, Mathurine 36 Madeleine 28 CARTIER, Paul 36 BOISSONNEAULT, CAVELIER, Rene-Robert B Albert 25 70 BOLDUC, Louis 19 CHABOT, Marie 37 BAILLIF, Claude 31 BOUCHARD, Claude 36 CHAMBOY, Jacqueline BARDET, Louis 32 BOUCHER , Marin 36 36 BARIL, Julienne 35 BOUCHER, François 36 CHAMPLAIN, Samuel de BARRE, Jacques 36 BOUCHER, Gaspard 36 47 BARTHOLOMY, Roger BOUCHER, Jean- CHASTEL, Thomine 37 53 Galleran 36 CHATEL, Michel 37, 39 BARTON, Russell 26 BOUCHER, Jeanne 39 CHAUDON, Philibert 37 BAUCHÉ, René 55 BOUCHER, Louis-Marin CHAUVIGNY BAUCHER, Guillaume 36 (PELTRIE), Marie- 56 BOUCHER, Marguerite Madeleine 37 BAUCHER, René 56 36 CHAUVIN, Marin 37 BEAUDET, Samantha 16 BOUCHER, Marie 36 CHAUVIN-MORRISON, BEAUVAIS, Jacques 36 BOUCHER, Marin 35 Phoebe 8 BELANGER, Jacques 36 BOUCHER, Nicolas 36 CHEMIN, Jean 37 BELHOMME, Marie 37 BOUCHER, Pierre CHEVALIER, Catherine BERMEN, Claude 36 36, 52, 61 28 BERTHAULT, Jacques BOUCHER, René-Jean CHEVALIER Charlotte 28 61 37 BIDARD, Marie 37 BOULAY, Jacqueline 36 CHEVALIER, Jean 28 BIGOT, Françoise 37 BOULAY, Robert 36 CHICOINE, Thérèse 18 BIGOT, Jean 37 BOURGUIGNON, Jamin CHICOINE, François 18 BISSON, Antoine 36 41 CLOUTIER, Anne 37 BISSON, Florent 36 BOURGEOIS, Robert 10 CLOUTIER, Charles 37 BISSON, Gervais 36 BOUTIN, Elisabeth 28 CLOUTIER, Jean 37 107 CLOUTIER, Louise 37 DUBOIS, Jean 37 GAGNON, Renée 43 CLOUTIER, Zacharie DUBOIS, Renée 27 GAGNON, Robert 38 35, 37 DUMORTIER, GARNIER, François 38 COCHEREAU, Pierre 37 Madeleine 37 GAUDET-RIEDER, COSNARD, Martin 37 DUPONT, Sainte 35, 37 Norma 8 COTE, Jean 37 DUROY, Pierre 37 GAUDRY, Jacques 37 COURBIER, Guillaume DUTARTRE, François GAUDRY, Nicolas 37 37 38 GAULIN, François COURTIN, Louis 7 DUTARTRE, Gilles 38 37, 38, 42 CRESTE, Jean 37 DUTEIL, René 38 GAULIN, Marguerite 37 CROMWELL, Oliver 9 GAULIN, Pierre 37, 38 E GAULTIER, Pierre 70 D ENJOUIS, Pierre 38 GERMAIN, Robert 38 DANIS, Honore 37 ERIPEL, Marie 36 GERVAIS, Marin 38 DAUPHIN, André 53 GIFFARD, Robert 35 DAVIS, John 11 F GIFFORD, Robert 38 DE BAUDE, Louis 67 FAUCONNIER, Jeanne GIGUERE, Robert 38 DE BRISAY, Jacques 71 16 GIRARD, Pierre 38 DE BUADE, Louis 72 FORESTIER, Jean 38 GIROUX, Charles 39 DE CHARTRES, Léonard FORGET, Nicolas 38 GIROUX, Toussaint 39 10 FORTIN, Julien 38 GODE, François 39 DE LAGUERIPIERE, FOURNIER, Guillaume GODE, Françoise 39 Elisabeth 16 38 GODE, Mathurin 39 DE PROUVILLE, Alex- FRONDIERE, Raoullin GODE, Nicolas 39 andre 67 38 GODEAU, Françoise 39 DE VOUZY, Jeanne 35 GODEAU nee JAHAN, DELAUNEY, Nicholas G Jeanne 39 37 GODEFROY, Charlotte GADOIS, Françoise 39 72 D’ENTREMONT, C.-J. 6 GADOIS, Pierre 38 DESJARDINS, Alphonse GODEFROY, Françoise GADOIS, Robert 38 76 63 GAGNE, Clarence 31 DIONNE, Amable 61 GODEFROY, Jean 71 GAGNE, Louis 31, 38 GODEFROY, Joseph II DODIER, Catherine 37 GAGNE, Louise 38 DODIER, Jacques 37 67, 74 GAGNE, Nicholas 38 GODEFROY, Louis II 67 DODIER, Jeanne 16 GAGNE, Peter 15 DODIER, Marie 37 GODEFROY, Réné 76 GAGNÉ, Peter J. 58 GOULET, Jacques 39 DODIER, Sebastien 37 GAGNE, Pierre 31, 38 DROUET dit LA- GOULET, Louise 40 GAGNON, Jacques 38 GOYER, Mathurin 39 PERCHE, François GAGNON, Jean 38 37 GRAVEL, Joseph-Masse GAGNON, Marguerite 39 DROUET, François 37 43 DROUIN, Cyrille 55 GRENIER, Françoise 36 GAGNON, Marthe 38 GRESSEAU, André 28 DROUIN, Robert 37 GAGNON, Mathurin 38 DUBOIS, Emmanuel 27 GROS-AUBRY, GAGNON, Pierre 38 Jacqueline 39 108 GROUVEL-AUBERT, JUCHEREAU, Jean 40 Jacqueline 39 35, 36, 39 LEFEBVRE, Pasquiere GUILLEBOURG, JUCHEREAU, Nicolas 43 Charles 39 39 LEFORT, Antoine 40 GUIMOND, Louis 39 JUCHEREAU, Noel 35 LEGRAND, Jacques 40 GUYART, Marie 52 LEGRAND, Sebastien GUYON, Barbe 39, 41 K 40 GUYON, Claude 39 KANE, William 58 LEHOUX, Françoise 40 GUYON, Denis 39 LEHOUX, Jacques 40 GUYON, Jean 35, 39 L LEHOUX, Jean 40 GUYON, Marie 39 LAIGU, René 39 LEMAITRE, François 32 GUYON, Michel 39 LAMBERT, Aubin LEMATIRE, François 40 GUYON, Simon 39 37, 39 LEMOYNE, Barthelemi 40 H LANCTÔT, Léopold 5 LANDE, Pierre 39 LEPAGE, Barthelemi 40 HAMMONET, Jean 32 LANDRY, Guillaume 39 LEREAU, Marie 36 HARRISON, Marke 10 LANDRY, Marguerite 5 LEREAU, Simon 40 HAYOT, Geneviève 39 LANGLOIS, Jean 39 LESAGE, Louis 40 HAYOT, Rodolphe 39 LANGLOIS, Marguerite LESSARD, Etienne 40 HAYOT, Thomas 39 53 LETARTRE, Anne 40 HÉBERT, Louis 52, 53 LANGLOIS, Marie 39 LETARTRE, Barbe 40 HERTEL, François 73 LANGLOIS, Noel LETARTRE, Charles 40 HERVIEUX, Isaac 39 35, 40 LETARTRE, Elisabeth HOUDE, Louis 39 LAPORTE, Jacques 40 40 HUAN, Martin 39 LARUE, Jean 40 LETARTRE, Marie 40 HUBERT, Isabelle 19 LATOUR, Françoise 28 LETARTRE, René 40 HUBERT-ROULEAU, LATOUR, Jean-Baptiste LEVASSEUR, Jacquette Jean-François 35 30 27 HUBLIN, Nicolas 39 LATOUR, Louis 27 LEVASSEUR, Louis 28 HUPPE, Michel 39 LATOUR, Madeleine- LEVEAU, Jacques 40 HURTEL, Zacharie 72 Marguerite 29 LEVERETT, John 10 LEWIS, W. H. 19 I LATOUR, Marie 27 LATOUR, Marie- LIMOUSIN, Hilaire 40 INNIS, Edward 60 Josephte 29, 30 L’INCARNATION, Marie LATOUR, Pierre 27, 32 16 J LATOUR, Pierre-Charles LOIGNON, Pierre 40 LOISEAU, Catherine 43 JARRY, Eloi 39 29 LATOUR, Suzanne 27 LONCHAY, Jacqueline JETTE, René 30 15 JOINEAULT, Leonarde LATOUR-CROZETIERE, Suzanne 28 Louis XIV 27, 49 41 Louis XV 30 JOLIET, Louis 70 LEGRAND, Sebastien 37 LOUSCHE, Louise 41 JOLLIET, Louis 48 LOYSEAU, Jacques 40 JUCHEREAU, Gene- LEDUC, Jean 40 vieve 39 LEFEBVRE, Antoinette 109 M MONTCHEVREUL, POULIOT, Charles 42 Pierre 41 POUPAR, Jacques 42 MABILLE, François 40 MOREL, Jacques 41 PROVOST, François 42 MABILLE, Michele 41 MORIN, Claire 41 PROVOST, Mathurin 42 MABILLE, Michelle 40 MORIN, Suzanne MAHEU, Jacques 40 46, 64 R MAHEU, Pierre 40 MORIS-SET, Gerard 29 RAGEOT, François 32 MAHEU, René 40 MORSE, Richard 10 MAHEU, Zacharie 40 RAGEOT, Gilles 42 MAJOR, Marie 61 N REMY, Daniel 66 MALENFANT, Jean 41 RIBAULT, Gervaise 42 MALINE, Jeanne 42 NORMAND, Gervais 41 RIDAY, Jean 42 MALLET, Denis 41 NORMAND, Jean 41 RIEDER, Milton P. 8 MALLET, Perine 36 NORMAND, Pierre 41 RIOUX, Jean 56 MALLET, Perrine 35 NOURY, Jacques 41 RIVARD, Nicolas 42 RIVARD, Robert 42 MANGINO, Simon 32 P MANOVELY de REV- ROBIN, Mathurine EILLE, Marie- PARADIS, Guillaume 41 35, 39 Geneviève. 41 PARADIS, Jacques 41 ROCHERON, Gervais 42 MARAIS, Marin 41 PARADIS, Marie 41 ROCHERON, Marie 42 MARQUETTE, Jacques PARADIS, Pierre ROCHERON, Simon 70 39, 41 36, 42 MARTIN, Abraham PARE, Robert 40 ROCKWELL, Norman 51, 53 PARKMAN, Francis 18 62 MARTIN, Barnabé 5 PAYANT, Jacques 28 ROGER Renée 38 MARTIN, Émile 8 PAYRIER, Étiennette 5 ROLLET, Marie 53 MARTIN, Étienne 7 PELLETIER, Antoine 41 ROLLIN. Philippe 42 MARTIN, Joanna 11 PELLETIER, Guillaume ROSÉE, Marguerite 38 MARTIN, Marie-Josèphe 40, 41 ROUILLARD, Antoine 7 PELLETIER, Jean 41 42 MARTIN, Pierre 5 PELLETIER, Nicolas 35 ROULEAU, Gabriel 42 MARTIN, René 5 PEUVERT, François 41 ROULOIS, Jacqueline MARTIN, Robert 5 PEUVERT, Jean-Baptiste 42 MAUFAY, Pierre 41, 42 41 ROULOIS, Madeleine MAUGER, Louise 38 PIAU, Pierre 41 42 MERCIER, Jean 41 PINGUET, Françoise 41 ROULOIS, Michel 42 MERCIER, Jeanne PINGUET, Henri 41 ROUSSEL, Timothee 37 52, 53 PINGUET, Noel 41 ROUSSIN, Françoise 42 MERCIER, Julien 41 PINGUET, Pierre 41 ROUSSIN, Jean 42 MERY, Antoine 41 PION, Nicolas 18 ROUSSIN, Louise 42 MEUNIER, Marguerite PITOT, Pierre 41 ROUSSIN, Madeleine 42 39 Pope Pius X 64 ROUSSIN, Nicolas MICHEL, Marie 38 POTIER, Louis 42 42, 43 MICHEL, Marthe 27 POULIN, Claude 52, 53 ROY, Antoine 61 MONTAGNE, Pierre 34 POULIN, Maurice 42 ROY, Augustin 61 110 ROY, Louis-Etienne 61 TAVERNIER, Eloi 43 TURGEON, Jacques 43 ROY, Olivier 42 TAVERNIER, Marguerite TURGEON, Marie- ROY-DESJARDINS, 43 Claire 43 Augustin 61 TAVERNIER, Marie 43 V ROYER, Jean 42 TREHARD, Jean 43 TREMBLAY, Pierre 43 VALIN, Charles 43 S TREMOND, Daniel 43 VAN VALKENBURG, SAINT-PÈRE, Rameau 7 TROTTIER, Antoine 43 Ellie 23 SALEM, Robert 10 TROTTIER, Gilles 43 VIAU, Marie 27 SEDGEWICK, Robert 6 TROTTIER, Julien 43 VIGNERON, René 43 SIGOUIN, Jean 42 TROTTIER, Pierre 43 VISAGE, René 43 SUPRENANT, Jacques TROUËN, Guillaume 10 W 43 TRUDEL, Jean 43 SUPRENANT, Marin 42 TRUDEL, Marcel WHITE, Stephen 6 58, 59 WOLFF, Henry W. 63 T TURGEON, Anne 43 TALON, Jean 16 TURGEON, Charles 43

Things it takes most of us 50 years to learn...

There comes a time when you should stop expecting other people to make a big deal about your birthday. That time is: age 11.

People who want to share their religious views with you almost never want you to share yours with them.

If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be meetings.

The main accomplishment of almost all organized protests is to annoy people who are not in them.

If there really is a God who created the entire universe with all of its glories, and He decides to deliver a message to humanity, He WILL NOT use, as His messenger, a person on cable TV with a bad hairstyle or in some cases, really bad make-up too.

You should not confuse your career with your life.

A person who is nice to you, but rude to the waiter/janitor is not a nice person.

Your true friends love you, anyway. 111 PARTING SHOTS

Paul P. Delisle, Editor

We have a message for our fel- www.state.ma.us/legis/bills/ low genealogists, and not a very pretty st[followed by the number of the one. Beginning with the 2002 Massa- bill].htm. Only the Senate bills are chusetts legislative session, the politi- available online; you must contact your cal bigwigs created a challenge for us. legislator for copies of the House bills. While pretending to focus on identity theft and fraud, the legislature has made On a brighter note, our feature it more difficult for genealogists to article in this issue is important to obtain records from city and town those researching Acadian lines. The clerks in Massachusetts. author, George L. Findlen, has uncovered a major error in the MARTIN fam- Bill HD2428 would permit the ily, one which has been perpetuated by development of a statewide database for respected genealogical reference vital records. The projected surcharge sources. His very well researched work for certified copies of birth, marriage is a must-read even if you are not in- and death records would double the cost volved in Acadian research. of these records. It has lately been a very difficult And that’s not all… bills filed in task to edit this publication. The prob- the 2003 session are not good news lem has been contributions of articles either. Proposed laws restricting the from members of this Society. We have issuance of vital records are pending in been able to keep Je Me Souviens at a the House and Senate. respectable size in the years past. If we don’t see an improvement in contribu- The Massachusetts Genealogical tions, we will have to have fewer pages, Council has filed several bills to of go to an annual format. Remember, counter the proposed restrictions. The this is your publication. It was designed MGC has also contacted legislators to aid you in your quest for your family who are friendly to the genealogical history. community. The Senate bills involved are: 405, 408, 443, and 553; the House As we begin our twenty-fifth year bills are: 143, 545, 1085, 1321, 1465, in the genealocical community, may 1656, 1661, 2233, 2459, and 3147. The you find the answers that you seek. Senate bills are available online at Often the same thing that makes one person bitter makes another better. 112 OFFICERS ( Dates in parentheses indicate end of term)

President: Roger Bartholomy (2005) 286 Grandview Avenue Woonsocket, RI 02895 (401) 769-1623

Vice President: Janice Burkhart (2005) 263 S. Worcester St. Norton, MA 02766 (508) 285-7736

Secretary: Normand T. Deragon (2003) 4 Taylor Court Cumberland, RI 02864 (401) 334-1672

Treasurer: Roger Beaudry (2004) 730 Manville Road Woonsocket, RI 02895 (401) 762-5059

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Eugene Arsenault (2004) Gerard Lefrancois (2003) Leon Asselin (2005) Lucile McDonald (2004) Emile Martineau (2004) George W. Perron (2005) Paul P. Delisle (2005) William Beaudoin (2003) (Asst. Treas.) (2003) Alice Riel William Pommenville (2003) Roy F. Forget (2003) C O MMITTEE HEADS Library, Membership: Janice Burkhart (508) 285-7736 Publicity: Sylvia Bartholomy (401) 769-1623 AFGnewS Roger & SylviaBartholomy (401) 769-1623 Research: Ray Desplaines (401) 762-4866 Cemeteries: Roger Beaudry (401) 762-5059 Je Me Souviens: Paul P. Delisle (401) 766-3559 Computer : Roger Bartholomy (401) 769-1623 Lending Library: Eugene Arsenault (401) 769-4265 Building Fund: George Perron (508) 528-5316 Heritage: Normand Deragon (401) 334-1672 Website: William Pommenville (401) 333-5888