Dene of I>ee»e

De~:ne of Sa.ltanst«ll el, •.

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:Deo.ne- of Dea.nela.n_~~ . .a. Tuwe'l"S'<~.

THE BOOK OF DENE, DEANE, ADEANE.

B Genealogical 1bistot\?.

BY MARY DEANE.

LOt~DON: ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. I 899. Elliot Stqclt, 62, Pa!enwsfer Ro'w, Lo,r..ion, " Deane, than which none other name Is of better or more fame." Old Epitapk by Gomersall.

The Badge of Dene.

ACH branch of the Dene family bas from time to time changed or altered its armorial bear­ ings, but there is a badge peculiar to the name that has belonged to it from first to last. This is the raven which sits on the summit of Peter de Dene's window in York Cathedral; marked the resting-place of Henry, Archbishop of Canterbury, until rude hands pillaged the brass ; and was conspicuous on the state hearse of the General­ at-Sea. The raven of heraldry is the famous ra:fan of the Danes, and " Ralph" the familiar name of the bird of constancy, ·and " Hugh '' ( '' H ugin ") the appellation of one of Odin's sacred ravens, have always been favourite names among the Deanes. It may have been chosen as a punning device, for even now " Deane" in Berkshire is called " Dane ''; or supposing the two roots of the name to have really but one origin, it may well be that, proud of their descent from the ancient Kings of Denmark, as they must have been, they adopted the Scan... dinavian bird as their totem, even before they were known by the name of Den, or Dene. There is a small unclaimed banner in the Bayeux tapestry, a black raven on red ground, with a gold dancette border, which it would be very agreeable to suppose was the clan banner of those Danish chiefs of royal blood who had become Norman barons. It may be so.

Preface. c-r-'HIS genealogical history owes £ts ex£stence to long years 1 of patient research on the part of Mr. J. Bathurst Deane, but the loss of his sight precluded his making his volttminous notes £nto a complete book. My only substitute for the finished scholarship and the preslige of a well-known antiquary has been diligence, which would have attained to snzall result had z"t not been for the generosity of Mr. Willianz Dean (of the Holdenhztrst family), who placed at my disposal the whole of his large collection of extracts froni wills & State Papers, & I desire to record here my great obligation to hinz. I offer my thanks also to 1ny kinsfolk both near & distant, whose cordial concurrence has enabled 1ne to save my father's work fr~;n the oblivion of faded manuscript, & beg their £ndulgence for the unavoidable £,npeifeclions-& even for any avoidable ones-they nzay discover. There £s yet scope for sonie future genealog£st of our wide clan in a search after those l£nks whz"ch are lost in the years succeeding the dissolution of nionasteries-the dark age of the archceologist-& I hope tlzat one 'lo-ill arise zuho ntay pro,,1e • • • Vlll Preface. exactly where each flourishing branch diverged from the parent stock, &, possibly, the unity of the two stocks of Dene. As one of a family representing both those stocks, I have the pleasure & advantage of a claim of kindred, back even to a shadowy past, with all who are derived f ro11i the1n, & thzs has added pleasantness to the work I have now finished, & beg to ded£cate to nzy subscribe1/'s. MARY DEANE. Cheney Court, Box, Wilts, December 3, 1898. Contents.

PAGE ROBERTO DE DENA I DENE OF DEVON 8 DENE OF DEENE, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE - IO DENE OF CODSHALL, YORKS 15 DEANE OF ODIHAM AND DEANELANDS - 18 DEANE OF FREEFOLKE - 24 SIR JAMES DEANE, OF BASINGSTOKE 27 DEANE OF SOPLEY IN AVERN (AVON) - 30 DEANE OF TOWERSEY AND TETSWORTH - 32 DEANE OF THE HOW, HAMBLEDON 39 DEANE OF WOLVERTON, BUCKS - 41 DEANE OF STOKENCHURCH 42 ARCHBISHOP DENE 44 RICHARD DEANE, ADMIRAL AND GENERAL 47 DEANES OF GUYTING POER 51 DEANE OF TORRINURE AND BERKELEY FOREST 53 SIR ANTHONY DEANE, KNIGHT - 59 CHESHIRE 62 AMERICA 64 ADDITIONAL PARTICULARS CONCERNING DEANE, OR DEAN, OF CHRIST­ CHURCH AND RYNGWODE - DENE OF THE FOREST OF DENE X Contents.

PAGE PETER DE DENE 77 DEANE OF DROMORE AND THE LORDS MUSKERRY 80 DENNY OF TRALEE 89 DEANE OF DUFTON AND APPLEBY 90 DENE OF WALLINGFORD AND HIGH WYCOMBE - 91 CRONDALL, HAMPSHIRE - - 103 DEANES OF LONDON - 105 ADEANE OF CHALGROVE AND BABRAHAM - III DEANE OF DYNE'S HALL, GREAT MAPLESTEAD, ESSEX - - 117 DEANE OF STUKELEY NETHERCOTE AND WOKINGHAM - - 123 POSSIBLE IDENTITY OF THE TWO STOCKS - 132 THE BADGE OF DENE - • 143 SUBSCRIBE RS.

The Right Hon. Sir James Charles Adeane, Esq., J.P. The Lord Muskerry. Parker Deane. Admiral Adeane. Miss Charlotte Deane. Rcilph Hawtrey Deane, Esq. Miss Adeane. W. H. Deane, Esq., J.P. Captain St. George Berke­ H. R. Grenfell, Esq. G. Onslow Deane, Esq., ley Deane, R.N. Mrs. Robert Smith. J.P. Major Egbert Cooper, late Mrs. Hugh Colin Smith. Arthur Eliot Deane, Esq., Black Watch Regiment. Hon. Mrs. Bernard J.P. Mrs. Tyndall. Mallett. Major G. W. Deane. H. Hargrave Deane, Esq., Reginald Abel Smith, Major Hugh Pollexfen Q.C. Esq. Deane. Lieut. - General R. Owen Wilfred Robert Smith, Walter Meredith Deane, Jones, R.A. Esq. Esq., C.M.G. Mrs. N orreys Russell. Eustace Robert Smith, Mrs. John Wilder. Mrs. Dawson Thomas. Esq. Horace Drummond Miss Emily Deane. Deane, Esq. William Dean, Esq. Mrs. Malcolm Thompson. J. Bargrave Deane, Esq., Mrs. Edgar Matthews. Scots Guards. Mrs. A. H. B. Bradshaw. Miss Bathurst Deane.

Roberto de Dena.

~~~~~MONG the Norman nobles of the Court of Edward the Confessor holding official ap­ pointments was Roberto de Dena, pincerna, that is to say, cupbearer, or butler, to the King. The origin of his name is unkno,vn, but it is highly improbable that it was a British territorial surname, as such \Vere not in use at that date, and, moreover, it v1as frequently spelt Den, or Dyn. An explanation suggested by the learned antiquary, ?v1r. G. T. Clark's, history of the " Land of Morgan," is in accordance with the custom of the day in such matters, and I venture to offer it in case it should te1npt some genealogist. . . claiming this ancient descent to a systematic 1n vest1gat1on. " It is singular," says l\1r. Clark, " that of so notable a man as FitzHamon so little should be known. His father, 'Hamo Dentatus,' seems to have received favours from Duke \Villiam. In the battle ( of Val e Dunes), amongst the leaders was 'Haimonem agnomine Dentatun1,' who led the first line of six thousand men, and much distinguished himself fighting hand to hand with the King of France, by whose attendants he ,vas slain. He was known as De Thorigny, de Bersy, et de Creully, and his ,var-cry, according to the Roman de Rose, was ' St. Amant !'- " Et Han-a-dens va reclamant 'St. Amant,' 'sire St. Amant.'" I 2 Dene, Deane, Adeane,

Hamo a Dens had two sons-Hamo " Dapifer," a Court official, and Robert FitzHamon, mentioned by "\Villiam of Jumieges. Hamo Dapifer, though omitted in the index to the folio Domesday, appears as tenant-in-chief in the record, holding in Essex fourteen parishes, and, as " H aimo Vice­ comes," possessing others in Kent and Surrey. Hasted says he was also called "Crevecquer." He was one of the judges in the great cause between Archbishop Lancfranc and Odo, and died childless in the reign of Henry I. Mabyle, the great heiress of the day, was Hamo's niece, and her demand for a " to-name " and hereditary title as the condition of her marriage with Henry's illegitimate son Robert is well known. " It did not become the daughter of FitzHamon to marry a nameless man." These two were the ancestors of the great Clare family. FitzHamon, the friend and follower of Rufus, was lord of the Honour of Gloucester, the magnificent heritage of Brictric, who is said to have refused the hand of Matilda FitzHamon was the most noted of the early conquerors of Wales, first in conjunction with Jestyn, Prince of Glamor• gan, and afterwards in the political scheme that was accom­ plished in crushing that unfortunate chief. The surname "Dens" or "Den," taken in connection with the fesse dan­ cettee, or toothed band, of the oldest shield of Dene-that borne by the descendants of Robert the cupbearer-is too suggestive a derivation to be overlooked. The dancettee has already been conjectured by heraldic authorities to be a play on the name, or '' canting heraldry." If Robert de Dena "1"as one of this family, the tradition of a descent from the Clares is accounted for. Roberto de Dena left a son Robert, ,vho was succeeded by his son Ralph, or Ranulphus, and also a son Radulphus, who was the ancestor of various families in l(ent and other counties, including, we may suppose, Northamptonshire. The younger Ralph had two children, a son and a daughter; but the son, \vho was the third Ralph of the line, dying young, his sister, Ela de Dene, became sole heir to the immense estates of her father. In I 189, in conjunction with her father, she founded the Roberto de Dena. 3 abbey of Odyham, or Ottiham, Kent, and also of Begeham, or Bayham, where Ralph was buried. In I I 70 he had been sent on a royal commission into eight counties to inquire into all fines, in company with ·sundry earls and abbots. The inquisition extended to the rentals of bishops and all pledges taken by bailiffs and sheriffs, and was undertaken in consequence of complaints made by the people of grievous oppressions suffered at the hands of bishops and barons during the King's absence. Otteham is not far from East Dene, in Sussex, and was founded for the Order of Premonstratensians, but was re­ moved in I 200 by Ela de Sacvilla, daughter of Radulphi de Dene, to Begeham, because the monks cornplained of the incredible poverty of the soil. In 1190 Radulphus de Dyna was third Prior of St. John of Jerusalem, London. In I 32 1 Robertus de Dyni was sixteenth Prior of the same. In 1224 Gilbert de Dene was appointed Verderer in the forest of Odyham. The abbey of Bayham was suppressed at the Dissolution, in the face of furious opposition from the surrounding peasantry. Ela married Jourdan de Sackville, and carried into that family many rich manors, among which was Knole. Geyle, in Normandy, was also a part of her inheritance. Her mother was Joan, daughter of Hamon de Gatton. In Ela de Sackville's seal her figure is represented hold­ ing a bird in one hand, which may be the hawk, indicating lordship, or a raven, the badge of Dene. Ranulphus, the second son of the pincerna, was succeeded by his son Amfridus, who held the manor of W arehampton. He was ambassador to the Pope from King John, according to ancient authorities~ but, to judge by dates, it would appear that a generation had been omitted. Amfridus, ho,vever, had six sons, Walter, Gilbert, Henry, William, Luke, and John. From one of these descended Alured de Dena, Legislator of Romney Marsh. Alured had three sons, John, Walter, and Richard. From one of these descended 1\1 ichael Dene, or Denne, as the I-2 .d. I Dene, Deatze, Adeane . name was indifferently spelt, ternp. Henry VI. Their seat was Denne Hill, Dorset. Sir Alu red, or Alfred de Denn, was Seneschal of the Priory of Canterbury and Escheator of Kent I 234. He is said to have been a person of great learning. Hasted asserts that he sealed with a seal bearing "three leopard's heads couped and full-faced," but some error must have crept in, as there is no shield of the kind attributed to the name of Den, or Dene, at that early date. Indeed, "Swinbourne" is the only family bearing mangled parts of an animal in the earliest records of English heraldry. The oldest shields were in­ variably the simplest, and the true gentilian coat of this ancient family is "argent, a fesse dancettee." Alured held property in three counties-Kent, Sussex, - and Suffolk. In 1201 he gives the King £100 and two palfreys. In 1205 he is co-custodian for the ten1poralities of Canter­ bury during a vacancy. In I 2 1 2 he is one of the four securities for William, Arch­ deacon of Huntingdon, ,vho gave the I(ing £ 100 for the custody of the heirs of Ralph de Anvers, their marriage, and that of the widow. In I 2 1 5 he offers the King 500 marks for the custody of the estates of Richard de Tuit and Robert de Lacy, in Ireland, with the wardship of their children. The King writes to the Archbishop of Dublin to give him seizin of the estates, and also to supply A1nfridus de Dene with as much scarlet cloth as would be necessary for robes to be given to the Irish Kings and other faithful men. An order is also sent to the Constable of Bristol Castle to find him a ship to take him across the sea. Amfridus was one of the " Barons" of \Vinchelsea, and Lord of the 1".Ianor of Kernadiston, in Kent. In I 216 he gave the King 300 marks for the wardship of Gallienne de Northmanville, whom he seems to have given in marriage to one of his sons. Maud de N ormanville married Jordan de Sack ville, grand.. son of Ela de Dene. Sir Aufred was governor of Hastings Castle, and nearly Roberto de Dena. 5 twenty-six years later his son Walter was called upon to account for "50 marks which had been given to his father Alured while holding that post for the liberation of certain knights there in his custody, but which he did not apply to t h at purpose. '' In I John, Reginald de Dene appears as witness in a suit to recover lands in Sussex. In 1227 Richard de Dene gives 40 marks to Henry III. not to· be dispossessed of his land in Dene, Sussex. This was a family dispute in ,vhich Robert de Dene and Sibella de Harengood, his sister, were suitors. A second Alured de Dene, temp. Henry I I I., was joint commissioner with Henry de Beebe for reclaiming Romney Marsh. His seat was Dene Court, in the parish of Brentset, since known as "Deane" and "Danescourt." It descended to the Derings, but for some unknown reason they quarter, not the fesse dancettee, but the " two bars canton conjoined" of the Denes of the Forest of Dene. In 1310 Gilbert, son of William de Denne, bought a messuage in the parish of lfield, Sussex. The charter bears his seal, with the dancettee. In 1304 Stephen de Dene was Constable of Rochester Castle. In r 307 Sir William de Dene, of Gatton, Kent, was Seneschal of Agenesis, in Normandy, having in 1304 been one of four commissioned by Parliament to receive petitions from Ireland and Guernsev, which could be answered without ,I refere nee to the King. In 1314 and 1320 he was Knight of the Shire for Suffolk.

LETTER FROM I(rNG EDWARD. '"' Rex dilecto et fidele suo, Gulielmo de Dene senescallo suo de Agenesis, salutem. Licet de facto Templariorum aliqua nobis scriptmitis non est die, voluntes tamen super facto illo et statu terrce pra:dicta per nos planius effici ces­ tiores, vobis mandamus quod omnibus aliis prcetermissis, situ ad nos apud Bonoriam Super mare in instanti festo natalis 6 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Domini ad. informandum. ,, et instrumendum nos ad plenum super prem1ss1s te. The result was the arrest of the Te~plars in England, · and their committal to the Tower, under the custody of Sir William de Dene. His treatment of them was kind, in opposition to that of the Pope and the King of France, who urged Edward to put them to torture. The I{ing replied: " Having searched for precedents," he could not " find that the use of torture to extract confession had ever been practised in England." In 1309 Sir William was sent as envoy to Rome, and ,vas at other times employed in special services. In the Treasury Rolls is a bond given by him to Ed­ ward II. for 6,540 marks. The arms of this knight are carved on the roof of the cloisters at Canterbury, as well as those of Sir William de Dene, of Gloucestershire, among the benefactors of the Cathedral. In 1314 and 1320 he was Knight of the Shire for Suffolk. He married Elizabeth, sister and heir of Sir Hamon de Gatton. Their sons were : (I) Thomas de Dene, of Gatton, who paid aid to the knighting of the Black Prince. He married Martha de Skelvinge, and died 23 Ed­ ward I I I. ( 2) William, d. s.p. There were no male heirs, but Sir Henry Wootton was descended from a daughter, Martha Gossal. Thomas left the following manors in Kent : Buckton, Malesherbe, Thornleigh, W ormeshall ; and Borstall and Shamelsford, in Ospringe. In 1345 Robert de Northeswode and William de Dene held Gatton and the other estates. vVilliam was probably descended from Gilbert, son of \~lilliam, who in 1310 held a charter of lands near Reigate. His seal bore the dancettee. In 1433, among the gentry of Kent, we find Michael atte Dene, Philip Dene de W olwich, and Richard Dene de Headcorn.

'' The Manor of Deane, which anciently belonged to owners of that name, is in the parish of Challock. This Manor was sold in the reign of Henry VI." There exist Roberto de Dena. 7 several deeds without date _relating to it, bearing the names " At Deane," "A'Deane," and lastly, " Deane."

In Halling Church there is a brass to Silvester, daughter of Robert de Dene, born I 554; died 1567. Dynes Hall, Essex, but not Dynes Hall, Maplestead, in the same county, belonged to this family. The Leger Book of the Knights Hospitallers contains : " 1 Carta Johannes Dyn militis de dimidia acra pasturce. 2 Carta Domin~ Marjorie Dyn ac. 3 Carta Sarrce Dyne de Gestingthorpe " ; and a fourth referring to property of the same-viz., Hengham and Castrum. · For about a year Mary Queen of Scots was under the custody of Sir John de Dene at F otheringay, who is said to be the above Johannes Dyn. In 1326 Sir \Villiam Denne was Burgess for the city of Canterbury, and in 1341 he was Knight of the Shire for Kent. Thon1as Denne, of Denne Hall, was descended from him. From his second son, who married Agnes, daughter of Nicholas Tufton, was descended John Denne, of Patricks­ bourne Court, living in 1619. 'fhomas Denne was Recorder of Canterbury in 1655. His daughter married Vincent Denne of the same family. Although his family died out with four daughters, the ar111s of Vincent Denne, ,vhich were not those belonging to the na1ne, are borne by the Dennes of Lydd. Thon1as Denne in I 741 n1arried Sarah, daughter and co-heir of Thomas G:-e~nland, of Lydd. He is represented by Major-General Lambert IIenry Denne, of Lydd, late R.A., who married Maria Elizabeth, daughter of Francis Gosling, of Sutton, Surrey, Esquire. Dene of Devon.

I~'""'-~: N r ~enry III. the Sheriff of D~von is _ordered 1 l · · · ~fJll to give Ralph de Dene possession of h1s lands.

I. _,._Lb ✓.-,.. .,, In I 620 the Heraldic Visitation contains 1~ ;··.. · this pedigree: ·~) · Richard Dene, of Newton Petrock, married ~ ~~ the daughter and heir of -- Langle, of Ashwater. Their son Thomas married Miss Blighe. Roger married Elizabeth Wood, of Trewland. Roger's sons were: (1) Guy; (2) Arthur; (3) Richard, who married Philippa, of the family of Hole, Devon. Roger Dene, their son, died cet. I 2, in 1620. Roger Dene, of F rithestock, died, cet. 2 2, in 1684. There is a Latin inscription to his memory in the church. The Denes of Horwood are the only family of the name who retain the old and correct spelling. In 1717 Humphrey Dene was patron of the living of Horwood. In 1 784 John Dene, who was succeeded by the Rev. Job Dene and the Rev. Octavius Dene. In 1428 Thomas Dene was Prior of Exeter. His seal was found in that city among some building debris in 1822. Sir Phillip de Denemede was a Knight of Devon in 1391, and a tomb of the name was seen by Symonds in Honiton Church in I 644. Dene of Devon. 9 The royal descent of William Deane, who died in 1818, of Great Torrington, Devon, clerk, F. R. S., from Edward I I I., is recorded in the College of Heralds. He was also of Bentley Hall, Suffolk. His arms, the chevron and ravens, are ascribed to co. Hants and co. Gloucester.

2 Dene of Deene, Northamptonshire.

~~=-....=.,-=-=-'l~I HIS pedigree begins with a Sire de Dene, 1 who appears to have been Robert, brother to Amfridus de Dene, and whose family owned large estates in Warwickshire, Norfolk, and Kent, as well as in the county to which they more especially belonged. ROBERT married Beatrice Bassett, heiress of Rushton, whose mother was Beatrice de Harcourt. In I I 99 I vo, their son, succeeded to the vast property of his parents. Some of his lands in -Dene, or Deene, were held of the Abbot of Westminster. To the original shield of '' argent a fesse dancette " he added three crescents, in token of his having joined in the Crusades under Richard I. He held the Manor of Deen from the Crown, part of which had been an ancient priory before the Conquest. He gave the Abbey of Coombe in Wolvey: I. Lands for the pasturage of horses and oxen. 2. Twelve kine and a bull within all places in vVolvey where his own kine, oxen, and horses ,vere wont to have pasture. 3. Liberty to dig turf yearly ,vith two men six days. 4. His mill with the pool belo\,,. his manor-house and course of water, excepting all the fish but eels, whereof the monks were to have one-half. He afterwards bestowed on the community the whole lordship and manor of Wolvey, with the homage and services of all that held thereof. All which grants were confirmed by his son, Nicholas, and by Richard de Harcourt, superior lord Df"-llf o{ '11.ltor.st~[l GA,

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2-2 12 Dene, Deane, Adean. of the fee by descent from Yvo de Harcourt, uncle to I vo de Dene. The monks answered for a ,vhole knight's fee out of the above grant 20 Henry III., 13 Edward I., 20 Edward III. In the chancel of W olvey Church Dugdale reports much painted glass of early date, and some imperfect monumental figures. In 1202, 3 John, Ivo ,vas amerced in four marks for including sixteen acres of brushwood within his own demesne belonging to the royal forest of Rockingham without license from the King. On another occasion he was fined eight mares for some infringement of the King's prerogative within the forest. Before this he had had a suit about some property he had seized from one Peter Holt, a priest, who brought a complaint against him. " Quod I vo de Dene venit cum vi sua " (into an estate held by him in ferme), "et robavit ibi xv librar" (in shillings), and carried off chattels to the value of sixty mares. I vo " venit et defendit robenam," on the plea that the property in question belonged to Almeric de Nevers, against whom he had obtained a judgment and seisin from the Sheriff. Or if it did not all belong to De Nevers, it was found among De Nevers' chattels, and therefore regarded as his. I vo accordingly took it, "and threw himself on the con­ sideration of the court." The court considered his plea favourably, or possibly he acted after the manner of his uncle, Reginald de Bassett, who gained a lawsuit against William de Harcourt respecting the n1anor of W olvey by sending two palfreys to the King. In 3 Henry 11 I. lvo, having become involved in the customary money troubles of Crusaders, is sued for debt by one Cok, a Jew, of Northampton. He was allowed three weeks to put in a reply, and nothing more comes of the case. I vo found means of one kind or another of settling affairs ,vith Cok of Northampton. In I 199 Gilbert de Dene holds lands in Houghton. I vo was succeeded by his eldest son, ( 1230) NICHOLAS, who sided with the Barons, and narrowly escaped confiscation. He left four sons-Henry, William, · Peter, and John. Dene of Dee1ze, Northa,nptonshire. I 3

Of this family was " Richard de Dene, who holds lands in Houghton of our lord the King" I 216, "and Gilbert de Dene in Dene ,, 1 2 2 8, Aveline de Dene in Dene, Symon and William de Dene in the hundred of Berton. In 1295 Sir Henry de Dene was summoned to the first Parliament of Edward I. among the Barons. He had been one of six prisoners committed to the custody of the Constable of Northampton Castle, having been concerned in holding the town against Henry I I I. He was appointed one of the Commissioners to consider the claims of Bruce and Baliol. In I 3 I 6 he was Knight of the Shire for Northampton, and in 1322 appears in the Roll of Edward II. Bannerets. He took part in the tourna­ ment at Stepney. "Sire Henry de Deen, de argent a une daunce de goules, en le chief 3 cressanz de goules." In 1295 Sir John, his son, was Knight of the Shire, summoned by writ July, 1297, as holding lands in capite above £ 20 in value, to serve beyond the seas. Fordham in Norfolk was a portion of his property, perhaps the inheritance of his wife Maud. In 1322 he was a Commissioner of Array to raise 500 infantry. In 1325 he was summoned to serve with the Earl de \Varenne in Guienne, and previously in 13 I 5 had served with King Edward. In 1327 he was manucaptor for Robert de Hungerford, Knight of the Shire for \Vilts. His three sons were Henry, John, and Richard. In 1316 and 1321 Sir Henry was Knight of the Shire, and fought at Borroughbridge 1323. He was in the tourna­ ment at Dunstable I 329. In I 345 his brother, Sir John, also Commissioner of Array, was summoned to follow the King to France, and fought at Crecy. He was Knight of the Shire for \Varwick and High Sheriff. He held lands in both Leicestershire and Staffordshire, and changed his arms for argent a li'on purjntre, granted by his feudal chief, De Lacy, Earl of Lincoln. He 1narried ~1argaret, daughter and heir of Thomas Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Rysbrigge, of Codshall, and was ancestor of the Deanes of Codshall and T ernal. . In 1330 RICHARD DE DENE, the third brother, is found to be the ancestor of the Denes of Odyham and Deanelands and Towersey. Sir Henry de Dene succeeded his father of the same name. He was Knight of the Shire for Northampton, and married Catherine, who, after his death, became the wife of John de Tyndal. To a "Quo W arranto" of Edward I I I., Sir Henry replied that his "ancestors had held the manors of Deene, Denethorp, Kirby-Dene, Brigstock, and Stanwick time immemorial." Unfortunately he died, leaving one young son, Clement de Dene, whose early death has a sinister aspect, as he bequeathed the whole of his vast inheritance to the Tyndal family, his step-father and his sons. With him ended the eldest line. The younger sons of Nicholas, Peter and William, the latter of whom married a daughter of the house of Marmion, both left descendants. Their sister Maud married Sir William de 1-Ioldenby. From this marriage descended the Hattons, represented by the Earl of Winchelsea (see Deane of Torre­ more). Dene of Codshall, Yorks.

IR JOHN DE DENE, of 1'ernal, m. Isabel, d. and h. of Thomas de Rysbrigge, of Codshall. Adam de Dene, of T ernal, m. the daughter of Fitzherbert, of Somersal, Derby. Roger de Dene, of Temal and Cod- shall, m.- Thomas de Dene m. d. of Buffery, of Penn. John de Dene m. d. of M ytton, of M ytton, Lane. John de Dene m. d. of Roger Ffulk, of Breward. William de Dene m. d. of Fitzherbert, of Tyffington. Richard de Dene, als Woods, m. Jocelyn, d. of Ralph Brooke, of Blakeland. In I 576 William Dene, als Wood, m. Mary, d. of William Hill of Solyhill. Edward Dene. Richard Dene d. s.p. William Dene d. s.p. Edward, son of Edward Dene, m. Frances, d. of Moseley de la 1\1 are. Dorothy and Mary co-heirs. l\Iary m. Penhorne, of Salisbury. The following are men1bers of the family found by Fine {Subsidy and Tenure Rolls) immediately about the part of Hants in which Richard de Dene settled, but as some of the dates are earlier than his, it must be presumed that the Dene, Deane, Adeane. properties named had been owned previously by the Denes of Dene: 1236 Stephen de Dene, of Est Dene, Wilts. 1241 Richard de Dene, who sells property in Sunwyk to the Prior. I 248 John Dene, in the Hundred of Porchester. 127 2 y\T illiam and Constance his wife own lands in Hunkley. 1290 Philip, Joan, and Robert de Denemeade. I 292 Herbert de Denemeade, Geoffry his son. Isabel, d. of Thomas de Dene, owns Dene in the vill of Eston. 1307 Adam de la Dene was one of the collectors of the customs on wine at Portsmouth. In 1322 he was manu­ captor of Ralph de la Bole, Burgess for Portsmouth. 1316, in the return of names for a military levy, vVilliam de Dene is described as one of the four lords of the township of Houghton. 1327 Roger Atte Dene. William owns land in Stuppe Alreschate and W estmure. Richard, John, and William atte Dene in Culmstone and Chiddene. 1327 Stephen le Dene at West Eure. I 330 and 1350 Gilbert de Dene. 1350 Richard Dene, of Hargrave, Rector of Ivlexley. In Banco 1358 Laurence de Dene, of Ringwode. 1360 Robert and William Dene at Stokebrigg. 1341 Roger de Dene, of Drokenford. 1361 Thomas de Dene, of Denemeade, Bykford, Hoke­ strete, and Hipperley. 1368 Nicholas Dene, a priest, was incumbent of Harpeden ; in 1379 of Werketon. (1399 Sir John de Dene, of Roughton, purchased a slave called Richard Ulfic of John Rugge, of South Reppe. He was probably of the Kentish family.) 1433 Edward Dene was Prior of Southwyke, Hants. 1441 William Dene was Rector of Brampton. 1484 Richard de Dene was Master of Winchester College. His epitaph is in the Collection of Epitaphs, Add. MSS., Dene of Godshall, rorks. 17-

B. M., but the brass is no longer to be seen in the college chapel. There are eight brasses in the ante-chapel, the inscriptions on several of them hidden by the steps of the tribune. -· " Hie jacet Ri Dene Mag. in art. et quondam lnfor­ mator scholarium hujus Coll. qui obiit 28 die Maii, A.D. MCCCCLXXXIV. cujus animre propicieten Deus."

3 Deane of Odiham and Deanelands.

HE ancient shield of the simple fesse dancette gradually disappeared through additions and assumptions, but can be traced from one form to another (see Plate). The crescents of the Crusader were the first change ; the lion of Lincoln, sometimes rampant, sometimes statant, and at length couchant, took the place of the dancette. This lion couchant, with the motto, "He sleeps, wake him not," was a favourite device in the fifteenth century, the origin of which is unknown In 1417 Sir Henry de Dene bore a lion couchant sable between 3 crescents. The fesse dancette appears later with 3 cross crosslets £n ch£ef. In 1598 Dethek, a trustworthy herald, allo\ved to Dene of Deneland gules, a lion couchant or, in chief argent, 3 crescents of the field. This ,vas confirmed by Camden in 1634, and has been borne differently only in two instances. Henry Deane 173 I had the arms of Sir Henry 1417 on his tomb. Ralph Deane, ofEstcote, born 1778, bore the lion rampant. c. 1310 SIR RICHARD DE DENE, son of Sir John, was of Ywood, or Highwood, now called Hackwood, in the parish of Basing. He is also styled De Denemead 19 Edward II. John, his son, witnesses a charter "Carta Ric de Ruyhale," "Hiis testibus Johannes de Marys, Johannes de Campe- d ene, " etc. In 1333 Sir John de Dene represents the borough of Winchester. Adam de Dene represents Southampton. Deane of Odiham and Deane/ands. t9

In I 399 Walter de Denefield (or 1nead) at Cliddesden is held not to repair the bridge at W odmille. In 1401 Richard de Dene, of Denefield, m. Isabel, d. and h. of Sir William Dobbes, descended from the Holowells of Odyham, Hants. His brother, William de Dene, d. s.p. Sir Henry de -Dene 1419. In 1417 Richard (Robert in MS., B. M.) at Dene de Odyham m. Isabel, d. of Ralph Yonge. In I 450 \Villiam atte Dene succeeded his father and married Agnes, d. and h. of Sir John Leeche, "one of this ancient Berkshire family, living near Windsor in the time of Edward I I I., entertained and feasted three Kings in his house, ye King of England, ye King of France, and ye King of Scotland, then prisoners to King Ed\vard. Which King Edward, to requite his good entertainment and other favours, gave him for arms 3 crowns or, on his chief indented gules, ye field er111-£ne." I. Nicholas de Dene, of Odiham, d. s.p. c. 1480 James de Dene, of Odyham and Denelands, m. Amy-- 14 Henry VIII., John, James, Christopher, Richard, Margery, and Alienor, their children, were each taxed 20s. on goods for a subsidy (see Towersey). In I 505 Elizabeth Deane, widow of John Philpott, of Compton and Twyford, Hants, died. The Tichborne family is named in her will and in that of others of this family. At this time the a began to be inserted in the name. I I I. The third son of !V'Iatthew was Richard, ancestor of Sir James Deane, of Denefield, Knight. Richard inherited Estdene and Silkestede, which he left to his sons, Richard and Stevyn. He died in 1540, and was buried in the south aisle of Basingstoke Church (see Sopley). In I 540 John at Dene of Denelands and Odiham succeeded James. He married Margery Dunhurst, or Deer­ hurst, of Derhurst, Sussex. 'fheir sons were Henry, Nicholas, Richard, and John (Nicholas, see Torr-inu1'·e). _ In 1598, I Henry, -Deane of Deanelands, Newnham, Rotherick, and Brockdown, m. Alice, d. and co-heir of s-2 20 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

James Berington, of Streightley. He signed the Heraldic Visitation I 598. Died 16 Io. In 3 Richard Deane of Swallowfield m. Bridget, co-heir of Streightley. Their sons were John, and Francis, whom. Jane Horwood (vVhorwood ?). In 1614 John Dene, of Beech Hill, Reading, was Henry,s eldest son. He m. Alice Turner, d. s.p. He left a legacy to his uncle Richard, and to his sister, Anne Baldwyn, " a gold ring with the arms of my father and ancestors, to be kept." He was buried at Basing. In 1653 James Deane, of Oxenwood and Deanelands, married, first, Elizabeth, daughter of John Pigott, of Colleth, one of the ancient Bucks family; second, Frances, daughter of Thomas Baynard, of Lucknam, Wilts., and Wanstrow, Somerset. F ranees survived him, and claimed £800 on settlements out of the estates forfeited to Oliver Cromwell. In 1622 Basingtoke had a charter of incorporation granted, and James was one of the first pair of '' bailiffs ,, elected, that is, he held a ''bailiwick" with cert~1.in governing powers. He possessed lands at Sopley, and these were confiscated by the Lord Protector for " recusancy." He died in 1653, and was buried at Tidcombe. He leaves a bequest to Francis Deane, of Swallowfield, his uncle's son. In 1652 William Deane, of Sopley, in Avern (Avon Hill), claims Deane's Coupe in Avern in a Chancery suit "owned by ancestors for many generations," but this was not William of Whitehouse, Havant, the third son of Henry Deane (see Havant). JOHN DEANE, of Oxenwood and Deanelands, b. 1632, d. 1694. His elder brother, Henry Deane, Chancellor of Bath and Wells, d. s.p., aged thirty-seven, in 1672. John Deane was member for Great Bedwyn, Wilts., in which county some of his property was situated. He married, first, Margaret, daughter of -- Garrard, of Lamborne ; second, Magdalene Stranghill, whose grandfather wa~ .Sir John Blagrave, of Southcot, Bart., · In 1654 "Colonel" John Deane, of Oxenwood, was prisoner . in Fisherw_ick Gaol_ for "high treason.'' He petitio~ed- t~e . House~ for mercy .. and-- -pardon,· which: ; was Deane of Odiham and Deane/ands. 21 granted, but evidently at the cost of a large fine, as he was obliged to mortgage Deanelands, and to borrow £ 900 from his brother, Thomas Deane, of F reefolke. It would seem that he was the "Colonel Deane" who was deeply involved in a plot to overthrow Oliver Cromwell. The individual who seems to have been the chief insti­ gator of this wild scheme was a Royalist, and household official of King Charles, a Captain Alexander, otherwise Zinzan, a Berkshire landowner, with whose descendants the Deanes became connected by marriage. He belonged to a noble Italian family, which, after being employed in missions between Henry VII. and the Pope, settled in England, and held office at the court of the sovereigns until the Ci vii War broke out. This Zinzan undertook to attack the Protector in person if he were well horsed, while Colonel Deane engaged 200 men in Southwark, or, as another witness says, at St James's, to fall upon the soldiers. The meetings of the conspirators were held at Captain Alexander's house, in what had been the royal mews. James Deane died in 1694, and was buried at Tidcombe. Magdalen's children were John and Henry and seven daughters. Henry died in 1681. John left one daughter. In 1701 James Deane succeeded to the embarrassed estates of his father, and sold Oxenwood, Shalburne, and Tidcombe by Act of Parliament. He left no son, and his widow, Jane Bowles, in conjunction with her daughter Jane, sold Deanelands by Act of Parlia­ ment in 1710. In 1639 Wil1iam Deane, of Havant, youngest brother of James Deane, of Oxenwood, clain1ed by Bill in Chancery lands called Whitechurch, in the Isle of Hayling, and the manor of Havant. His wife was Frances Vachell, daughter of the member for Reading. Her sister married John Hampden. Captain Joseph Deane, R.N., is said to have belonged to the Havant family. He was a distinguished officer under Nelson. In I 779 he commanded the Rub;1, and is frequently mentioned by his great chief, who on January 2 3, I 780, writes to Captain Lockyer, of the Lowestoffe: 22 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

" Port Royal, West Indies. " I am now going to tell you what you and many others will be very sorry to hPar, the death of that worthy good man Captain Joseph Deane. He died on January I 2, and was buried next day at Green's Bay amid the tears of his officers and ship's company and his many friends. Captain Cowling is appointed to the Ruby. Of that noble ship's company 300 took boats and are gone off! Every method has been tried to bring them back, which I hope will be successful. "(Signed) HoRATIO NELSON."

Captain Robert Deane was appointed to the Pearl in 1690 and to the Ruby 1698, in which he joined the squadron in the \Vest Indies. He was afterwards in command of the St£rl£ng Castle (70), and died Rear-l\dmiral in 1699. He appears to have been Joseph Deane's father. In 1 760 the Lowestoffe frigate, commanded by Captain Deane (Joseph}, was the first ship to convey to the English army besieged in Quebec the joyful tidings of the arrival of the relieving squadron in the river. " 'fhe Brigadier ex­ pressing an earnest desire that the French squadron above the town might be removed, the Commodore ordered Captain Swanston, of the Diana, and Captain Deane, of the Lowestoffe, to slip their anchors early in the morning and attack the enemy's fleets, consisting of two frigates, two ar1ned ships, and a great number of smaller vessels. They were no sooner in motion than the French ships fled in the utmost disorder. One of their frigates was driven on the rocks above Cape Diamond, the other ran ashore, and was burnt at Point au Tremble about ten leagues above the town, and all the other vessels were taken and destroyed " (Smollet ). " Had any accident retarded the progress of General Amhurst, the reduction of Montreal would have been attempted by General Murray, who embarked with his troops at Quebec on board a great number of small vessels under the command of Captain Deane in the Diana. This gentleman with uncommon ability surmounted the difficulties of an unknown, dangerous, and intricate navigation, and Deane of Odiham and Deane/ands. 23 conducted the voyage with such success that not a single vessel was lost in the expedition " ( Smollet ). The Lowestoffe was eventually sunk on a rock in the St. Lawrence. General Murray, Governor of Quebec, writes: "I have not words to express the readiness, vivacity, and valour they showed in attacking and destroying the enemy's squadron. Captain Deane has lost his ship, but it was in a good cause, and he has done honour to his country." Lord Colville writes to the Secretary of State, dated Northumberland, off Quebec, September 2, 1760 :

"The joint requests of Generals Amherst and Murray concurring with my own inclination to serve Captain Deane, of the Lowestojje, has induced me to send him to wait on you with this letter. He commanded the vessels employed in the expedition from Quebec to Montreal, and from his own abilities overcame the difficulties ~L~ unknown and dangerous navigation. To sum up his merits in one sentence, he has approved himself a most deserving officer, and as such I presume to recommend hin1 to your favour. He is very capable of giving you an account of whatever you desire to know with relation to this country." ~--... ~~.~~ ■"'•.n~)ila.-~-• r.l,~~

. ~

Deane of Freefolke.

HOMAS DEANE, brother of John Deane, of Oxenwood, emigrated to America in 1664, and settled at Boston, where he succeeded so well as a merchant that he converted a younger son's portion into . a large fortune. " He was a very large owner of real estate in Boston, Wrentham, Mass., and appears to have belonged to that party which desired to see the colony brought more directly under the authority of the King. When the Commissioners appointed by Charles I I. to regu­ late the affairs of New England arrived, Mr. Deane brought a complaint before them of some injustice done to him in 1661. The Commissioners prepared to hear his complaint, when the General Council of Massachusetts sent forth a herald to sound a trumpet and read a proclamation with great solemnity in three places in Boston, ' that in accordance with their duty to God, the King, and their constituents, the General Court will suffer no one to abet his Majesty's Com­ missioners in their proceedings , " (Hutchinson's " History of Mass."). In 1678 Thomas Deane was appointed by the English Government one of the Commissioners to administer an oath to the Governor of Massachusetts " faithfully to execute the duty required by the Act of Trade." Thomas married, lost his first wife, and, returning to England, purchased the estate of Freefolke in Hampshire. Deane of Freifolke. 25

He died in 1686, and was buried in Freefolke Church, where there is a monument to him and his second wife. There exists a very good engraving of him in the full \vig of Charles I I. 's time. His first wife was the daughter of William Browne, of Salem, younger son of Francis Browne, of Brandon, Suffolk. He went over in 1635 and became a wealthy merchant; was afterwards Judge of the County Court, and gave largely to Harvard College both on the foundation and by will. His arms are carved on the building. Thomas's second wife was Anne Farr. He left three sons, Thomas, Samuel, and James, and three daughters, the eldest of whom, Sarah, married Dr. Woodward, Dean of Sarum. Thomas, who succeeded to Freefolke, was born 1673, and was barrister-at-law of the Inner Temple, but does not appear to have practised. He died intestate in 1703, leaving an only child, Jane, who married Sir J. Cullum, Bishop of Norwich. She died I 730 with her infant child. His widow, Jane Grey, of Kingston, Dorset, sold his estates on petition to Parliament. Freefolke was bought by the Portals, \vho converted it into paper-mills for the Bank of England. A mill at Freefolke still bears the Deane arms.

4 TOMB OF SIR JAMES DEANE. Sir James Deane, of Basingstoke,

l\IERCHANT OF LONDON.

HE third son of Matthew atte Dene in the reign of Henry VI. was Richard, who left four sons, John, Richard, William, and James. William's two sons were Richard and William, the former of whom left a son, William. Richard, the third brot~er, also left two sons, John and James, but the descendants of these have not been definitely traced. John, the eldest of the four brothers, however, had one son, James, who, trading "over the seas," became a merchant of great wealth and standing, and was knighted in 1604. His brother Richard, '' of Basingstoke," married'' a foreigner." He left the manor of Tonckes to his brother, "l\1aster James Deane," also a sum of money " for ever " to the poor widows of Basingstoke Marten. James married three times, first, Susan Bunstede ; second, Elizabeth Offley ; third, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Thornhill. He had only three children, who all died in infancy. Sir James died at his house at Hackney in 1608, and his wife in the following year. They were buried in St. Olave's Church, Hart Street, where there is a sumptuous Jacobean monument to their memory. He mentioned Denefield or " Denemeade" in his will. 4-2 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

The manor and advowson of Deane, Hants, he bequeathed to his sister, the wife of the Rev. -- Holdip, Rector. He built almshouses at Basingstoke, on which his arms are to be seen, and founded a lectureship in that town, and provision for a "Godly preacher from Oxford or Cambridge." He left legacies to all the hospitals of London, and to all the parishes with which he had to do ; also £ 30 to mend the roads for ten miles round London. He left £20 to his cousin, Sir John Deane, to buy him a horse, and £ 500 for his funeral, which was to be by torchlight. If this Sir John Deane was of Dynes Hall, Great Maple­ stead, the relationship is unknown and perplexing, but no other knight of that name has been discovered as contemporary with Sir James. The proceedings at the funeral of his widow, Dame Eliza­ beth, preserved among the MSS. at the British Museum, give an idea of the ceremonial deemed correct at that period. A procession of great length, including " 40 poor women in gowns," was headed by escutcheons borne by heralds, with her arms and those of her three husbands, and ended with Sir Rowland Lytton, whose daughter had married her son, supported by Sir James Lancashire and Sir John Foulkes. After these came Lancaster Herald and Clarenceaux King­ at-Arms. Her son, Sir \Villiam vVebbe, "supported" his wife, who ,vas called " chief mourner,'' and she was further " assisted ,, by Lady Platt, Lady Lo\ve, Lady Hayes, and l\tlrs. Barnett. Following these came" friends, thP- parish, and other company.'' The offertory was as stately as a minuet. "First Clarenceaux goeth up with the chief mourner and the four assistants together, supported as before (by gentlemen), but none offereth but the Chief Ji1ourner, and she layeth down a piece of gold, which done, Clarenceaux bringeth her do\vn to her place againe. Clarenceaux goeth ,vith her agayne alone, but supported by the knights and gentlemen aforesaid, and then she offereth the silver. . . . Lancaster goeth up to offer with the first two Assistants, and after they are brought down Clarenceaux goeth up agayne ,vith the other two, and after they are brought down, he goeth up agayne with the gentleman Sir James Deane, of 'Basingstoke. 29 supporter, and placeth him by the Preacher with the bason, there to receive the pennon which Lancaster conducteth up." i\nd so on with all the knights, doctors of divinity, etc., and '· the gentlemen in clokes." '' And there an end." Deane of Sopley in A vern (Avon).

, ... ~-r"?b. N I 586 Richard Dene, of Sopley, died. He ·m .,. ·· was descended from an early branch of the vj~~ ~ .. ," . family, perhaps a younger son of Richard de ·,.· ~Denefield. His sons were Walter, who died 1591, and Matthew. •. . William was the son of Walter. He left 1 a son, Walter, who owned land at Chard. Matthew's sons were James and William. In 1661 James Deane was of Sopleyin Avern. His wife, Anne. His sons, John and Richard. He had a grandson, James, son of his deceased son, Edward. There were Deanes also at Holdenhurst, Great Dean and Little Dean, Throop, and Wimborne. In 1692 Thomas Deane, of Throop, d. s.p. In 1683 another Thomas died, leaving three sons, Thomas, James, and Samuel. In 1669 died Thomas Deane, of Wimborne, leaving five young children. These younger sons of gentle families formed the body of yeomen-which in the days of Locke and Addison meant gentlemen farmers, who settled in small colonies around the heads of their name- throughout England. '[heir only portion was a freehold or copy hold of greater or lesser value, stocked with sheep, whose wool was the staple wealth of the country. They formed no class apart, and laid little claim to family consideration, beyond commonly carving a coat-of-arms Deane of Sopley in Avern. above the door of the modest manor-house or grange in which they dwelt generation after generation, supplied with all they required, excepting a fe\v foreign luxuries, from their own fields and barns. As time went on differences of wealth and education raised or lowered them, but, as Cromwell knew when he turned to them as the backbone of his army, they had the "good blood," in which he was a firm believer, honourable traditions, and a stubborn preference for old English liberties. I M/.' ~ g __ , II ...... ~.... r--¥~~ ~-

I C I

Deane of Towersey and Tetsworth.

VISITATION of Hampshire gives the pedigree of the Deanes of Towersey, Bucks, with descent from a younger son of Deane of Deanelands, who migrated into Buckingham­ shire in the reign of Henry VII. or VIII. In Tetsworth Church there is a curious brass of 1 504 to John a Dene and Alice, his wife. Beneath the two figures is an inscription beginning, " Pray for ye soules of John a Dene and Alyce his \i\Tif." This John must have been the ancestor of the family, and his name being absent from the Odiham and Deanelands pedigree is no proof that he was not the grandson of \Villiam at Dene and Agnes Leeche, or Robert and Isabel Yonge, as the direct heirs only are named. Nicholas, son of John Deane and Margery Deerhurst, I 558, was left out. Richard, one of the sons of James and Amy, is only found in a MS. pedigree in the British ivluseum. Sir Henry de Dene is omitted, although his ar1ns prove him to belong to this family. The date, 14 I 9, at which they are given would make him brother of \\'illiam atte Dene and son of Robert. A good reason for conjecturing Sir Henry to be the father of this John a Dene is that Mr. Henry Deane, who, as we shall see, ,vas the authority on the family arms, had placed on his tomb in St. Lawrence, Reading, 173 I, the identical arms borne by Sir Henry, which differed from those usually dis­ played by the Deanelands family, in havir~.g 3 crescents sable DEANE OF PINNOCK, TORRINURE DEANE OF DEANELANDS AND AND BERKELEY FOREST. TOWERSEY.

Deane of Towersey and 1'etsworth. 33 with the lion couchant in the midst, instead of the 3 crescents gules in chief. Another apparent inaccuracy in the Deanelands pedigree is the statement that both James and Christopher, sons of James and Amy, died without issue. In 1542 James, who possessed a freehold at Basingstoke, was fined for hunting on the common without permission from the bailiff ( this office is stiJI continued in Guernsey), and he was succeeded by Christopher, " his son and heir," named in Exchequer Rolls 1546 and I 550. The name Christopher soon appears in the pedigree of the Towersey family. In 1603 John Collins, als Deane, of Towersey, who appears in the registers also as John Deane, als Collins, or als Deyoe, is buried in his parish church ( also referred to 1555, 2 Exq. Roll?). He makes bequests of £50 of goods and lawful English money to his wife Alice, and to his son Edward. John is his heir. Thomas and Francis Deane, als Collins, overseers of his will. This alias is frequently seen in old pedigrees, and there are two ordinary explanations to be found. In times of civil or religious disturbance a name that had become dangerous was frequently dropped; thus among the Deanes' Bucking­ hamshire neighbours " Blount '' became " Coke ,, in conse­ quence of a Yorkist rising in which the family were involved. Again, the sons of an heiress sometimes took their mother's name and arms. Margaret Aldworth, daughter and heir of Thomas Deane, of Reading, signed herself '' Margaret Ald­ worth als Deane." The whole family seems to have taken the alZ:as Collins, and one branch dropped it again about 1660. AARON DEANE, of Towersey and Tetsworth, probably grandson of John, I 603, married Rebecca Garden, or Gardyne. 'fhey had five sons and three daughters : 1. Zachary, born 1626, whose wife was Alice. His descendants kept up the Puritanical names of the family. In I 703 Zachary Deane, als Collins', name appears in a bond signed by his sons, Christopher Deane de Henley and Joseph Deane de Henley. He was the son of a previous Zachary, and had brothers bearing the names of John, Aaron, Joseph, 5 34 Dene, Deane; Adeane. Christopher, and Richard. His wife Alice signs a deed with him. In 17 I 6 Charles Deane, \\·ho witnesses this deed, dies, leaving a son, Aaron. In 1722 another Zachary Deane, als Collins, of Towersey, yeoman, leaves land, dove-houses, barns, stables, and so forth to his two sorts, Aaron and John. His widow, Elizabeth, in I 731 leaves all the pewter and all cows to her loving son John. 2. Aaron Deane, of Tetsworth, born 1629, whose wife was Eleanor, who on his death, 1677, married Mr. Wootton. Aaron left a ring to his mother. 3. John. 4. Richard, whose daughter Mary married John Collins, of Betterton. 5. CHRISTOPHER, 1638. October 4, 1660, "Mr. Christopher Deane, als Collyns, fifth son of Aaron Deane, als Collins, of T owersey, in the county of Bucks, gentleman, is admitted into the society of the Middle Temple, and bound with --. Here gives for a fine £4 10s. od." In 1665 there is the register of a marriage at Ampthill, Beds., of Christopher Deane, of the Middle Temple, bachelor, aged twenty-seven, to Agnes Willes, of Ampthill, widow. Justice Willes, who had a son, Edward, lived at Burnham, near Maidenhead, where are monuments to the Hawtrey family. Christopher's second wife was Eleanor --, by whom he left one son and three daughters. He was a great benefactor to Towersey, and left legacies to several London charities. JOHN Deane succeeded to the manor of Ashwicken, Norfolk, of 500 acres, with £1,000 of timber thereon, lands called Orsett in Essex, some entailed property in Lincoln-­ shire, and valuable house property in White Friars, Aldgate, and Whitechapel. He was educated at Balliol College, and in I 71 I married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir T. Austin, of Kent, Bart. They had ten children, HARRY-AUSTIN, Mary, Christopher, Eleanor, Elizabeth, John, Stephen, Joyce, Edward, and Anne. John Deane lost about £100,000 in the South Sea Bubble, after which he took Orders, and became Rector of Willersley, of which he had the advowson. He died there Deane of Towersey and Tetsworth. 3 5 in 1732, ten years after the great disaster. Harry-Austin Deane practised law in Reading, and married, first, his cousin Anne, daughter of Henry Deane, and, secondly, Philadelphia, daughter of George Blagrave, of Bulmarsh, Esq., of an ancient Berkshire family, descended from Bernard the Dane through Harcourts and Hawtreys. Their children were Henry, George, Philadelphia, Jane, and Anne. Sir James Parker Deane possesses a letter from John Deane to Harry when the latter was studying law under his future father-in-law :

'' October 21, 1730. Postscript.

h I believe you hardly know that I have disposed of yr old walnut tree, and as ye Buyer has promised to give me a very handsome chair made out of it, so I must desire you to send me a fair impression of my coat of arms, wth an explanation of what field, whether d' or argent, or azure, and what else is requisite in order to be painted on your elbow chair. I suppose Deane has a seal of the right coat of arms, and there­ fore observe this in your next letter."

It was this Henry Deane who bore the same shield as Sir Henry de Dene 1413. Harry-Austin Deane, however, had the arms confirmed to Deane of Deanelands, for they are affixed to the will of Robert Deane, whose arms were the griffins, but whose will was made and witnessed by Harry­ Austin. The latter lost a legacy left to "Henry Austin Deane " on account of the mistake in his name. B. 1743, Henry Deane, of Friar Street, Reading, was Harry-Austin's eldest son. He married Lucy, daughter of -- Wilder, of Purley, Berks, Esq., whose royal descent from Thomas, Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I., is authenti­ cated. lVIargaret Plantagenet, daughter of the Prince, married Lord Segrave ; their daughter was Elizabeth, Lady Mowbray, whose son Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, had a daughter, Lady l\'1argaret Howard. Sir John Howard (created Duke of Norfolk) was sixth in descent from the King; he was suc­ ceeded by Thomas, Earl of Surrey and Duke of Norfolk. His son and heir, Thomas, married the daughter of the Duke 5-2 Dene, Deane, Adeane. of Buckingham. Their son, the Earl of Surrey, was beheaded in I 54 7. His son, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, beheaded in 1572, was succeeded by his son Thomas, created Earl of Suffolk. The second Earl was Theophilus, whose daughter Margaret married Roger Boyle East, of Orrery. The Hon. Henry Boyle, second· son, married Lady Mary O'Brien, descended from an Irish royal race. Their fourth son married Colonel Boyle's daughter and co-heir. lVIartha Beaufoy married John Wilder, of Nunhide, Berks, J.P. Henry Deane commanded the volunteers raised in Reading and the neighbourhood, and is highly eulogized by historians of the ancient borough. He was town clerk for forty years, and is said to have been the prototype of Richardson's "Mr. Deane, the honest lawyer." His brother George died s.p. Anne married Dr. Knapp, D.D., Rector of Englefield (see pedigree). D. r 780, JOHN DEANE was the second son of John and Elizabeth. He. also practised law, and was town clerk of Reading. 1\1:ayor in 1775. He married Anne, daughter of Matthias rvlatthews, al£as Lovejoy, brewer, and he and his brother Harry became partners in the brewery. Sarah, sister to Anne 1\1 atthews, married Dr. Peter Zinzan, the last of the Zinzans of Tilehurst. Sarah, daughter of John Deane, married Dr. John Bostock, D.D., of Been­ ham House, and Canon of Windsor, whose brother was Sir Charles Rich. The family soon departed from their puritanical bias and became high Tories. Dr. Brookes, quoted in Monthly llfaga­ z£ne, 1820, says, apropos of an account of the Pretender visiting England incognito with I .. ord Cornbury : " I then stated that I had been informed by the keeper of the High Lodge, l\i r. Morris, of meetings having been held prior to the rebellion of 1745, at which Lord Corn bury, Messrs.Jenkinson, Cope, Deane, Basset of Deane, and Lacy used to assist ; and that these assemblies took place generally in the night-time . . . and, further, that he believed that these gentlemen kept up a regular correspondence with the exiled princes until I 745. '' This rvrr. Deane was John Deane, who was living in Oxfordshire, within two miles of Sydenham, formerly the Deane of Towersey and Tetsworth. 3 7 property of Admiral Richard Deane. The clique of Jacobites met alternately at one another's houses, and it seems that John Deane, the son, as a little boy, was curious to know the object of these late meetings in his father's house, and peeping through the keyhole of the upper room in ,vhich the party of cloaked gentlemen were received by his father, saw them kneeling and toasting a picture of the Pretender. This picture was sold in 178 5 or 1791 by John Deane of Hartley Court ( 2d. ). B. 1748, d. 1814. This was JOHN DEANE, eldest son of John and Anne. He was Justice of the Peace, Mayor of Reading, Receiver-General for the county, and Deputy­ Lieutenant. It was said that his influence returned both county and borough members. He was a classical scholar, a sportsman, a friend of William Pitt's, and, unfortunately, a gambler at White's. His house in Castle Street, Reading, was the only sixteenth-century house in the town ; its numerous panelled rooms surrounded a square hall with a gallery above. He married Sarah Ann, daughter and heir of John Deane, of Hartley Court and the Forbury estate. The grounds of the Forbury House covered the ruins of Reading Abbey, and a curious ecclesiastical seal in silver was picked up in the garden. This is now in the possession of Mrs. Edgar Matthews. The F orbury estate, including the ground occupied by Messrs. Huntley and Palmer and Sutton, was sold by Colonel Charles Deane ; Hartley Court by Georgiana Deane, Mrs. Cooper. John and Robert, the two sons, were educated at Eton; from school John went to India, and became a judge of high reputation. He built a bridge for the use of the natives at Benares, and was appointed co-Commissioner with Sir Edward Colebrook for the ceded North-\Vest provinces. In this state progress he was accompanied by his sister Ann, who had married Charles Meredith Deane, of the 24th Light Dragoons. Many years after his death, an old Hindoo remarked to a friend of the family, " There has been no Light (Deen) here since Sahib Deane entered into peace." Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Robert entered the Royal Artillery, married a Dutch lady at the Cape, and died a Captain at Berryhead, Devon. He was buried in the family vault of his connections, the Spicers, of Totnes Park. Zinzan Street and Zinzan Place, Reading, are built on the site of the Zinzan estate, which was bequeathed by " Madam Zinzan " to her great-nieces, Anne and Jane Deane, and sold by them (see pedigree). Deane of the How, Hambledon.

N 1587 Richard Collyns, als Deane, married Elizabeth, daughter of William Stephens, of Stevington, Berks. In 1592 the will is proved of John Collyns, als A'Deane, of Great Marlow, and in 1594 a grant is given out of the estate to Juliana, wife of his son, John Collins, als A'Deane. It is very perplexing to find " A'Deanes" in this family. In 1626 John Deane, als Collins, of Hambledon, leaves five sons, Richard, John, Robert, George, and Thomas. Elizabeth marries Adrian Graye. In 1640 Richard Dean, als Collins, dies. His sons are Thomas, George, and Francis. He was buried at Fingest, and leaves a legacy to the poor of Tewknor. In 1673 George Deane leaves property called "Deane's Lane," Great Marlow, to his son Edward. One can only conjecture that through intermarriage this property passed from one family of Deane to the other, just as Hartley Court was conveyed by a " Griffin " Deane to a " Lion ,, Deane. In 1716 William Deane is of Hambledon. D. 1750John Deane of the How, Hambledon. D. 1767 John Deane of the Ho\v, Hambledon, "·ho married Elizabeth Lancaster, of Thame. The next John Deane of the Ho\v married Susan Reynolds, grand-daughter of Dr. Dayley, D D. Richard Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Deane succeeded as heir-at-law to the Passmore estates of the Doyleys. He married Mary--. Sir Cope Doyley of Greenland House, Han1bledon, died 1633. It is to be hoped that some descendant of this ancient fan1ily may be found to bring this pedigree to the present date. John Deane, of Shutford. In 1 580 Christopher, his son. In 1590 Denys Deane, of Shutford. In 1597 there was a Christopher Deane, of Shutford and Swalcliffe. N. B.-William Deane of Pinnock's wife, Margaret Wickham, came from Swalcliffe. In 1686 Christopher Deane of the same places. He was succeeded by his nephew Christopher, whose father's name was John. John had two sons, John and Edward, to whom, as \\·ell as to the children of his late brother Edward, he left lands in Shutford. In 1692 Christopher Deane of Shutford left lands to Elizabeth his wife until their son Christopher should be twenty-four. Another son was Soloman. Daughters­ Mary, Elizabeth, and Faith. Deane of Wolverton, Bucks.

N 1628 Christopher Deane, of Wolverton, ~,~l gentleman, is buried at Fingest. His sons are Christopher and Henry. ~ In 1647 Henry Deane, of Wolverton, ~ ! gentleman, to be buried in the parish church ~~=~if•·YJI ,vith "n1y brother Christopher." In 1658 Christopher Deane, of Mile End, Stepney. A grant given out of his estate to his wife Joyce. His kinsman Henry Deane, of Wolverton, is named; also William Deane, London, and Anne Muscot. In I 664 Joyce Deane, his widow, of 1\1 ile End, leaves bequests to her sister's children, Alice and Robert Thornton. Among the well-known tombs at Stepney are several to the Deane fa1nily. Stepney was formerly a centre for wealthy merchants. In August 28, 1558, William Deane, a missioner and clergyman, suffered death at Mile End for his religious belief. In 1677 Aaron Deane, brother of Christopher of the Middle Temple, died at Tetsworth, where he was buried. He left two sons, Aaron and I-1enry (this was Henry Deane, of Reading, whose only child was Ann Deane). In 1685 Jane Deane, his daughter, died, leaving legacies to her mother, Mrs. \Vootton, and her brother, Henry. In 1697 a Joseph Deane of Henley died, leaving sons­ Aaron, John, Christopher, and Joseph. There were three l{ichard Deanes in succession at Caver­ sham : the first dying in I 714, the second in I 7 18. The third, living at that date, married Hannah Greenwood. 6 Deane of Stokenchurch.

N I 5 2 I John a Deane, of Stokenchurch, pays subsidy. In 1529 William Dene, "citizen and goldsmith," died. He names "Collyns" in his will. In 1551 John a Deane and Rychard a Deane pay subsidies at Stokenchurch. In 1552 Christopher, the son of Christopher, do. In 1--581 Christopher and John do. In 1555 Richard A'Dene, of Stokenchurch, leaves sheep to his daughters and to "little Johana Deane." Anthony Deane to have his own goods "·hich have been in Richard's keeping. In 1583 John Deane, als Collins, of Stokenchurch, in Aston Rowant, dies. He is Richard's son. Christopher, the second son, is to be trustee for Anthony and his brother Edward. These names raise the question if we do not here find the true descent of the Deanes of Pinnock. All these are of the Northampton stock, it may be remembered. Margaret and John Deane were executors to the will of I 58 3. The sons were Thon1as, John, and Francis Deane, als Collins. '' lvI y brother John Dene, als Collins," is named. Query wife's brother, as the name is the same as his own ? In 1603 Thomas Collins, als Deane, of Stokenchurch, dies; desires to be buried in the parish church. Leaves Deane if Stokenchurch. 43 legacies to Francis Collins, als Deane, his brother, and John Hester, his nephew, of the profits of all his lands in Aston Rowant except Wallis Mill, until his son John is twenty-one. Woods not to be felled beyond the value of £8 towards his bringing up. All lands and tenements in Stokenchurch to his son. Also "I give to my son John £40 a year for his wiffe's jointure, if he be ruled in his choyce by my executors." Reversion to Francis and his heirs, who eventually succeed. In 161 I Francis and John pay subsidy at Stokenchurch. In 1623 Francis only. In 1639 Francis and Thomas. In 1675 Francis, of Stokenchurch. In 1696 Elizabeth, his widow.

6-2 Archbishop Dene.

ORN 1430, Henry Dene's arn1s-" Argent on a chevron gules bet,veen 3 birds (ravens) sable, 3 crosses patee or ''-were not known · in the family before his time, but though his parentage has not been discovered, it is pro­ bable that he inherited them, or at least was aware of his claim to bear the "crosses patee,'' and to carry as a charge the raven, the ancient badge of Dene. These arms are given by Willemont in his "Heraldic Notices of Canterbury,,, but there instead of the crosses are as many croziers adopted as a mark of his ecclesiastical dignity. At Llanthony, near Gloucester, the gateway still exists on which an escutcheon of his arn1s is carved with the crosses patee. Godwin says that he was educated at Win­ chester and New College, Oxford, and that is all that is known of his early life. George and Richard Deane were two of his monks at Llanthony, names that point to the family of the Lord Mayor, Richard Deane, and of Pinnock. He also names in his will "Coofe" and "Garlball," two curious names belonging to the Forest of Dene." He was born in troubled times, when genealogical diffi­ culties are greatest in consequence of irregularity in keeping the registers. During the \\'ars of the Roses, and still more during the Reformation, these irregularities occur to baffle the pe

In · I 461 he becan1e Prior of Llanthony, at that time Llantonia Secunda to the superior house in Monmouthshire, of which the senior prior was found to be wasting the revenues and neglecting hospitality and alms, so that his priory was reduced to a very few monks. In consideration of the dangers of the Welsh Marches, and the wise and prudent government of Prior Dene, Edward IV. caused the two establishments to be thrown into one. Thus the Gloucestershire house became the principal one of the Canons of St. Austin. Bacon reckoned Henry Dene among "the ablest men that were to be found," and though he might have been brought into notice through the Y orkist interest the family possessed, his own remarkable talents only required to be known in order to commend him ·to King Henry VII., who u knew a good man," as almost every Tudor did. He became successively Chancellor and Justiciary of Ireland, and was employed in important political services, among which was the mission to Ireland as coadjutor with Sir Edward Poynings, whom he assisted in framing the Poynings Act. By rapid advancement he became Bishop of Bangor, Bishop of Salisbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the Great Seal. One of his chaplains was Thomas \tVolsey, his famous successor. He established order and the rights of the see in the wild and neglected diocese of Bangor with resolution that did not hesitate to lead an armed band over to the Skerries, then occupied by a predatory colony of fishers. His architectural works included the rebuilding of the choir of Bangor Cathedral, the archiepiscopal 111anor house at Oxford, Otteford House in Kent, and the restoration of Rochester bridge. He negotiated for the marriage of Princess Margaret with James IV. of Scotland; and, with the assistance of nineteen mitred bishops, officiated at the luckless marriage of Arthur, Prince of \Vales, with Catherine of Arragon in St. Paul's Cathedral. In 1501 he died at Lan1beth, and was buried in the Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Chapel of the Martyrdom in Canterbury. " A fair marble stone inlaid with brass was placed as his memorial." The stone may be seen robbed of its brasses, and bearing no inscription to save the name of the wise and excellent Henry Dene from oblivion, but it is still easy to identify by the border, in which are the empty spaces once occupied by the Dene ravens. His will,. which is preserved, _is pious and benevolent. The antiquary W. Cole writes: "In Our Lady's Chapel in Gloucester Cathedral on the floor are various bricks with the arms of the See of Canterbury, impaling ' on a chevron between 3 birds 3 croziers ' for Archbishop Dene, which see in my vol. ii., p. 13. But I think Mr. Willis showed me in some other church in Gloster, when I happened to meet him there in 17 46, some other bricks with the same arms on them." This must have been St. Mary Lade's Church, where were bricks with the arms without the croziers. In 1505 Richard Dene, Merchant of the Staple, Warden of the Skinners Company. \Villiam Deane, Merchant of the Staple, of Great Dunmow, married Jane, daughter of Francis Scroggs, of Albury, Herts, gentleman. In 1628-29 Sir Richard Deane, Lord Mayor, member of the Skinners Company, probably grandson of the Warden. He bore the same arms as the Archbishop, but does not appear to have belonged to Suffolk or Hampshire, to which counties these arms are ascribed, having been born at Dunmow, Essex, where he appears to have inherited property. His father's name is entered in the books of the Skinners Company as "George," and his brothers were \Villiam and Edward. His first wife was Mary Bankes, his second " Recharde," named in his will. The position of his three sons-in-law, Rolfe, !v1ildmay, and Goodwin, as somewhat prominent supporters of the Parliamentary party, is consistent with his Puritan opinions, which he proved by being the first to put down Sunday trading in the city. He was knighted for his gallantry in quelling a serious riot, beginning about the time of his nomination as chief Archbishop Dene. 47 magistrate. He died in 1635, and the Earl Marshall sent a letter of remonstrance to the then IJord l\1ayor, having heard that the executors intended burying the late knight " in a private manner no way suitable to his dignity and eminent quality." His Lordship and the executors were desired to see the "ancient and reverend ceremonies of ye inter1nent, both of this Gentn deceased and those of his quality in ye Citty, to be decently celebrated and duly observed," etc. The nephews of the Lord Mayor were John, Anthony, William, Thomas, Richard, Bartholomew, and En,vARD, sons of his brother William, of Guyting, Gloucestershire, who married Margaret Wickham, of Swalcliffe, Oxon. This marriage connected the Deanes ,vith the close network of family relationship of which John Hampden was the centre. William and Margaret, who was sister to Humphrey Wickham, of Swalcliffe, were both buried at Guyting, the latter in 1602. Their son ANTHONY was grandfather to Sir Anthony Deane. En,vARD married Anne Wase, descended from Sire William de W asse, Bucks, temp. Edward I I. She was also descended from John Hampden, of \Vycombe. She survived her husband, dying in 1670, and was buried in Buckingham Church, where during the last century her gravestone was lying loose in the vestry (MSS., British Museum). Christopher Wase, her brother Christopher's son, was deprived of his Fellowship at King's College, Can1., for refusing to take the Covenant, became a soldier in Flanders, and was found by John Evelyn destitute in Paris, who, being much struck by his "parts and behaviour," brought hirr1 to England, and obtained a post for him in I 6 5 2.

Edward Deane lived at the \Voodhouse, Farmcot, Gloucestershire, where most of his children were born. By his first ·w·ife, Joan Colet, of another Bucks fan1ily, he had two sons, George and Robert ; by his second wife, Anne W ase, he had three, one of whom, Samuel, died an infant, and seven daughters, of whom the youngest, Jane Montague, left a brilliant line of descendants (see pedigree in "Life of Richard Deane "). In 1610 RICHARD, eldest son of Anne, went to sea in his Dene, Deane, Adea1ze. boyhood, but after\vards entered the Artillery. His dis­ tinguished military career began \vith the institution of the Self-Denying Ordinance, when he with two other officers only retained his post. The circle of his family connections predisposed him to the part he took, for he could claim kinship with all those squires of Bucks and Oxon who formed the solid force at Cron1well's back. He became Oliver's intimate friend and confidential adviser, for which post, if his advisers may be trusted, he ,vas well fitted. "An humble soul hid in a stern aspect; A perfect friendship in supposed neglect ; A learned head without the boast of books ; A devout heart without affected looks ; His chief perfection did in practise lie­ Religion lock' d up in sincerity." He had an equally brilliant record by land and sea, and rose to the rank of General and Admiral, displaying as great a talent for organization as he did for command ; reforming abuses, and instituting regulations for hospital and com­ misariat service, as well as distinguishing himself in naval and military '\\-.. arfare. In 1651 he ,vas entrusted with the highest command ever conferred by Parliament on a single individual, authority over Scotland by land and sea, and by his wise government brought about a more peaceful condition in the vvild High­ lands than had been known before or was again to be expe­ rienced until the present century. He began \vith a tour of military inspection, in ,vhich he was greatly surprised by the primitive state of Highland life; and, on their part, the d\vellers in glen and mountain were struck with terror as they watched the splendid train of cavalry wind glittering through their wilds, with " Emmanuel " on the bridies of the strange and formidable beasts, ,vhose hoofs occasionally plunged into the bracken-covered roofs of their huts. Richard did not attempt to coerce them brutally as l\Ionk had done, but made roads, opened markets, and forbade the torture and burning of witches. When, however, he was required to negotiate with the slippery Duke of Argyle 0 0 0

STATE HEARSE OF RICHARD DEANE, GENERAL-AT-SEA, 1653. De1ze, Deane, Adeane. another officer \Vas sent to assist him, as it was said " Deane is not Thilercurial enough to ,vord it with the Scot." He was spending an unusually long and peaceful interval at Dalkeith Castle with his wife when the war ,vith Holland recalled him to active service, and he took command as second in authority to his old chief Blake, Monk, whom he had superseded in Scotland, serving with them. In the midst of the gallant action off the Nore, June 2, 16 5 3, Richard Deane was killed by a chain-shot on board the Admiral's ship, the Resolution. Monk thre\v a cloak over the body that the ardour of the men might not be checked by the knowledge of their loss, but he was quickly missed, and the sailors S\vore "to avenge every drop of Deane's blood." He died at the age of forty-two. Oliver Cromwell, to whom his death was a severe blow, ordered a state funeral, which passed up the Thames with extraordinary pomp to Westminster amid the tears of the people and tl:e tolling of all the bells in the City. Richard Deane the regicide was laid in the vault of Henry VII. At the Restoration, ,vhich inaugurated the days of England's shame and Dutch glory, his remains ,vere cast with the rest into a pit in St. 1\1 argaret's churchyard. Lately, however, a n1arble memorial to him has been placed in the Abbey. His seal with the chevron and ravens appears distinct and upright on the death-warrant of King Charles, while many of the others show signs of great agitation, one or two being even upside down. Whatever may be our feeling as to his name being among the regicides, we must regard the rest of his actions ,vith admiration ; and we may remember that the work begun by John Hampden and carried on by Oliver Cromwell was brought to its inevitable issue in 1688. On May 21, 1647, Richard was married to 11ary Gryms­ ditch, of l(nottingley, Yorkshire, at the Temple Church ; the witnesses were Colonels Rainsborough and Lilburne, etc. He left two daughters, but no son. There is a fine engraving of him in armour holding his Admiral's baton. His appearance is handsome and command­ ing. 1'he arms of Deane, Grymsditch, and Crom\vell are on Archbishop Dene.

his state hearse. The exact connection with Cromwell is not ascertained. Richard Deane died seized of the manor and grange of Sydenha~, Thame, and the manor of Prince's Risborough, once the property of the Black Prince. This was included in the honour of Ewelm, and n1ust have been the "West Court " named in his will. The moat of this ancient manor­ house is all that remains. He also left lands and heredita­ ments in Hornchurch, Essex. His cosen, Captain Richard Deane, was one of his executors.

In 1634 Richard's birthplace, the Wood House, Guiting Poer, became the property of Thomas Deane, who, dying in 1634, left a legacy to this parish. This Thomas was pre­ sumably brother of Edward, ,vho appears to have sold the house when he took up his abode at Pinnock. In r 708 " Thomas Deane of the Woodhouse, gentle­ man," died, and was buried at Guiting. His son, Lewis Deane, sold the property to Edn1und, son of a \iVilliam Deane, from whom it passed to the family of Carruthers. Lewis changed his name to A'deane, but he adopted the "lion rampant purpure '' of Sir John de Dene of vVarwickshire. It is possible that his branch of the family may have come from London, ,vhere the lion rampant (but not purpure) was borne by some of the name. 'fhe Deanes of E tloe likewise took this shield. :tv1atthew Adeane was one of this family ; his son ~iatthew died in · 1657. The lion forms a clear link \Vith the Northamptonshire stock. It has been asserted that Lewis A~Deane, being a Jacobite, altered his name in order to conceal his connection with the regicide. In I 58 I is a bequest to Edmund Stile, son of Edward Stile, of Longley, Kent, from Margaret Dene. John Stile, Esq., is concerned with the disposal of William Dene's effects. In 1519 Rychard Dene, or A'Dene, bequeaths 10 marks to the church of Guiting Poer. His wife is Jane A'Dene. ln 1533 William Dan, or Den, of the Drapers Company, merchant, dies. His will proves him to be connected with the Styles of Langley. This identifies him with the Deanes 7-2 52 Dene, Deane, Adeane. of Guiting, and establishes a connection with those of Mat­ tingley. In 1572 William Dane (Dene), Alderman, of the Iron­ mongers Company, also mentions the name of Stile. He is related to Sir Humphrey Style, of Longley, Sheriff of Kent 1537•

GLOUCESTERSHIRE. At the Dissolution one of the dispersed fraternities was that of the Kalendars at Cirencester, whose chief purpose was to pray for the tranquillity of the realm. Sir William Deane, one of the brothers, was allowed £xxiiij vj 8 viijd as compensation. In 1641 Joan Vaughan, descended from Isabel de Dene, co-heiress of St. Briavel's, was committed to Gloucester gaol for harbouring a priest, and condemned to be hanged. In 1634 Thomas Deane was complained of as building a vessel for his private use from the finest oaks in the Forest of Dean.

GOLDSMITHS COMPANY. In 1505 William Deane is Warden of the Hon. Company, and long remains so. D. 1529, William Dane, m. -- Ayellom. Circa 1520 a William Dane bound to William Dane. In 1652 Christopher Deane bound, and called the son of Christopher Deane, late of Stokenchurch. Deane of Torrinure and Berkeley Forest.

HE family in Ireland descended from Joseph Deane, brother of Richard, the General-at­ Sea, claim for their ancestors the Denes of Saltonstall, Yorkshire, with whom, therefore, we begin their genealogy.

In 1330 Gilbert, second son of Sir Henry de Dene, of Deene, and brother of the last of that same name, is found in the Northamptonshire pedigree, and in State Rolls in 1330 and 1350. In 1407 John Deen was collated to the prebendary of Stanwick in exchange with John Middleton for the living of Brandesby. In 1409 he was instituted to one of the prefer­ ments of Linton in Craven. He was co-founder with William Cardwode, prebendary of Ripon, of the Chantry of St. James in Ripon Minster 1418. His ,vill was proved at York 1435. In the choir of Ripon: "Hie jacet Johannes Deen, quondam canonicus Eccl. Coll. Ripp. Prebendarius Prebendce Stanwick. MCCCC ..." Gilbert Deene, of Saltonstall, married -- Horffold. Gilbert Deene, of Saltonstall, married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Jennings, of Syleshaw in Craven. Gilbert Deene, of Saltonstall, married Susan ., of Bentley. 54 Dene, Deane, Aaeane. In 15 70 his eldest son, Richard Deane, was born in 1570. He was of Merton College, Oxford, and afterwards Bishop of Ossory. He died in 1612, and was buried at Kilkenny. Edmond, or Edward, the second son, was born in 1572; also of Merton College, took a medical degree, and died before I 640. William was the third son. One of these two had a son, Edward, and there were cousins, Gilbert and Robert. Edward Deane, of Kilkenny, gentleman, died 1637. He names in his will his nephew, John Deane, and his cousins, Gilbert and Richard. Richard married Magdalen 1"1iller, and had two sons, William and Cyprian. Connected with this family was Richard Dene de Newby, whose brass plate was in T opcliffe Church : "Hie jacent. ,, Ricardus Dene de Newby armig: Et Henri- etta uxor eJ us, etc., 1441. As none of these were the direct ancestors of Edward Deane, of Pinnock, with whom the Deanes of co. Wicklow and co. Wexford start, we may suppose them to have b~en collaterals, and it seems to me that there is suffi~ient evidence to assume that they are descended from another of the Denes of Deene (1320), Sir Nicholas de Dene, who left four sons. In the reign of Henry V. Nicholas de Dene de Barrowby married Katherine, daughter of Walter Pedwardyn. His son James is said to have died s.p. ,· his daughter Thomasine, tenzp. Henry VI., to have been his heir. She married, first, Sir Richard Bozon, secondly, -- Vernon. Her daughter, Joane Vernon, married Henry Saville, from whom are descended, through William Saville, l\tlarquis of Halifax, the Dukes of Devonshire and Earls of Thanet. Joane, however, did not inherit Barrow by, which was doubtless entailed on heirs male, for in 1509 Dame lvl argaret ~.'l arkham, for1nerly Dene, desires to be buried by her first husband, Dene of Barrowby, in Barrowby Church.

In I 558 Nicholas de Dene married Catherine Bozon, and "Deanelands was divided," proving that this Nicholas was Deane of Torrinure and Berkeley Forest. 55 one of the sons of John Deane of Deanelands and lvlargery Denehurst. Saltonstall, Barrowby, and this last Nicholas bore the same arms, namely, "argent, 2 chevronels within a bordure gules.'' These arms have been a matter of great perplexity in the family, simply because no 1narriage that would account for them has yet been discovered. C-irca I 380 Monsire John Paynall bore "gules 2 chevronels ,vithin a bordure argent," and if these arms were brought into the Paynall fan1ily by marriage with an heiress of Dene, it is possible that one more marriage may have brought them back into the family. The Paynells, or Pownalls-in Latin Paganel, or Pagan­ hall-were a Cheshire family. They repeatedly held the high office of Chamberlain to the King as Earls of Chester, 10 Ed\vard II., 1, 5, and IO Edward III., in allusion to which they bear for crest a lion's paw holding a golden key. In 1664 Robert Deane, merchant of London, bore 2 chtvronels and a bordure for his arms.

In 1620 is attributed to Deane of Buckinghamshire" gules, 3 chevronels within a bordure argent." It is found in Norfolk in 1634 as the shield of George Deane, of Tilney Marsh, Esq., whose daughter and co-heir married Thon1as Ashley, eldest son of Isaac Ashley, and elder brother of Lord Ashley, of the " Cabal." But to this shield is added 3 crosses patee gules on each chevronel argent. This was also · attributed to Deane of Suffolk (MS. Pedigrees, British Museum), where the following descent is given: John Deane, of Lynnbishopp, Robert, Humphrey, Ed\vard. The '' creusules" indicate a crusading ancestor. Having brought the chevronels to Bucks, I now venture to state my theory for their existence, based upon Planche's assertion that the chevrons in ancient arms owe their origin to the great Clare family. In the thirteenth century Sir Nicholas de Clare bore for his arms " Or, 3 chevronels gules within a bordure sable," the bordure of course indicating a younger son. Dene, Deane, Adea,ze.

The same was borne by the W atevilles, a family ending with an heiress in the fourteenth century. They next appear as the arms of Sir Nicholas de la Beche, who owned the Manor of Watlington, Oxon, which he castel­ lated in 1337. The W atlingtons displayed them later on ; mentioned as "an unidentified family" by a writer in the Royal Archceo­ log£cal Journal, but their tombs are to be found in the Church of St. Lawrence, Reading, where so many Deanes have been baptized and buried. In 1413 Nicholas de Dene's arms were, "Argent, 2 chevronels within a bordure gules," and they are given as the arms of Deane of Bucks 1620. In 1616 Symon A'Deane was possessed of freehold property at Watlington, which may have come into the family through a marriage with these neighbours of many gene­ rations.

In the same Church of St. Lawrence is the Knollys' aisle, built by Sir Francis Knollys in 1637, and there we find the arms for which the chevronels were apparently changed, quartered with those of Knollys (Harl. MS., 1469). This shield is ascribed to Collins. Query, Did it come into the family fron1 this family ? " Deane, als Collins." These are " Argent, on a chevron gules bet,veen 3 ravens, as many crosses patee or," as borne by Archbishop Dene, Richard Deane, Lord Mayor, and the family at Pinnock. But in the achievement in St. Lawrence's the chevron is blank, showing that the crosses patee were added aftenvards. The crest that accompanies these arms is " a tortoise dis­ played," to which a green mound is added in Sir Richard's shield. Some of the Irish families show the tortoise crawling. There is a legend concerning this crest that is only half remembered, as it does not give the Christian name of the hero of it. A crusader of the de Denes was hard beset on the field of battle, fighting at great odds against the paynim, and, seemingly having lost his sword and shield, was about to be slain, when, lo ! on the ground he espied the shell of a great tortoise, the which he snatched up in his DBane of Torrinure. and Berkeley Forest. 57 desperate strait, and with it succeeded in felling his enemies, and so got safely off and eventually safely home, when, in accordance with a vow he had made, he adopted for his crest a tortoise displayed. Putting together all the obtainable evidence, · it appears that the Deanes of Guyting and Pinnock were, as Mr. Bathurst Deane believed, not of Gloucestershire origin; but, on the other hand, that instead of belonging to the \Valling­ ford family, they were descendants of that of Northampton­ shire. Old tradition may therefore be accepted after all as to kinship between the " lion and crescent" Deanes and Admiral Richard, a tradition that appeared unsupported until communi­ cation with the lineal descendants of Edward Deane brought to light their claim upon the Saltonstall ancestry. John Deane (2) of Hartley Court gravely asserted that the family had never flourished since there had been a regicide in it. His descendants are inclined to believe that his long afternoons and evenings at the famous "White's,, had a more practical effect on their fortunes. JOSEPH DEANE, the youngest son of the large family at the Wood House, was twenty-four years younger than his famous brother Richard. He was born at Pinnock in 1624, and claimed "Founder's Kin'' through his grandmother, I\1argaret \Vickham, at \:Vinchester College. The vacancy was disputed by the Fiennes fan1ily, and won by Lord Say and Seal. Joseph became a cornet in Rainsborough's Horse, and from that time seen1s to have served v1ith the Parliament troops in Ireland. His father, Ed,vard Deane, ,vent over in those troubled times, and settled at Dangan, co. Kilkenny. Joseph rose to high command, and received large grants of lands in cos. Cork, Westmeath, Dublin, Vl aterford, and Kilkenny. Another Joseph Deane, of Crumlin, was the son of Joseph and Ann Deane, of Ravensthorp, Northamptonshire. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Parker, Archbishop of l)ublin, and died in I 698, leaving no children. It ,vould seem that the Crumlin property devolved upon his nan1esake, the son of t~d ward and Ann. Joseph Deane, of Crumlin, beca1ne in 1661 High Sheriff of co. Dublin, in 1677 M.P. for 8 58 Dene, Deane, Adeane. lnistiogne, co. Kilkenny, and Seneschal of St. Sepulchre1s Liberty 1688. In 1689 he was attainted for being a Pro­ testant, and died in 1699. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Maurice Cuffe, of Quinn, co. Clare, in 1652, as his second wife, and had by her two sons, Edward and Joseph (see pedigree). Sir Anthony Deane, Knight.

~~~~~NTHONY DEANE was the son of William Deane and Margaret Wickham, and elder brother of Edward of Guyting Poer. He married Gillian Humphreys in 1603, of Lower Guyting. Their son Anthony was born at Glouces­ ter 1623. It was his son Anthony who became the noted Admiralty Commissioner. The arms con­ firmed to Sir Anthony's grandson only differed from Sir _Richard's in being " Or and sable " instead of " Argent and gules." To the tortoise crest was added the additional one of the stern of a ship, Royal Charles. Anthony began life as a Republican, served in the navy, and was present in some of the engagements with the Dutch under his famous cousin. After the Restoration, he had a post in the Woolwich Dockyard. There is a letter from him to Henry Cromwell, whom he addresses as "My Lord," in 1658, in which he beseeches him to be careful whom he trusts and confides in. Anthony was afterwards one of his pall-bearers. Both Pepys and Evelyn frequently mention him in their Diaries. s. PEPYS. " March 20th, 1662.-To Woolwich. Part of the way Deane ,valking with me, talking of the pride and corruption 8-2 60 Dene, Deane, Adeane. of most of his fellow-officers in the Yarde, and which I believe to be true." "May 5th.-ln the evening Deane of \Voolwich went home with me, and shewed me the use of a little sliding ruler,'' etc. " June 7th.-This Deane is a conceited fello\v, and one that means the King a great deal of service, more of dis­ service to other people that go away with the profits he cannot make ; but, however, I learn much of him, and he is, I perceive, of great use to the King in his place." "July 21st-Bye and bye comes Mr. Deane of Woolich with a draught of a ship very finely drawn which do please me mightily, and so am resolved to study hard to learn of him to understand a body, and I find him a very pretty fellow in it and rational," but a little conceited, but that no matter to me." "Nov. 17th.-Mr. Deane of VVoolwich came to me, and I did tell him that I did not fear but that he would in a little while be master of his enemies as much as they did think to master him." Deane was promoted to be chief superintendent of the Harwich Dockyard, and built the royal ships Rupert, Francis, Roebuck, Resolution, Swiftsure, and Harwich. He represented Harwich in Parliament 1673, and about this time was knighted. In 1674 he was sent over ,vith a· model of a man-of-war to the King of France, which was launched at Versailles. He and Pepys, who were almost the only pair of honest men in the public service, were attacked by a party of old Puritan enemies to the Duke of York, who was their patron, for misappropriating stores, ·but their accusers backed out, and the principal witness retracted his (bribed) accusations. Both Pepys and Deane resigned as Commissioners at the dethrone­ ment of James II., but between them they had restored the Royal Navy to a state of efficiency from one of decay and discredit. October 29, 1689, Sir Anthony writes to J\1r. Pepys : "SrR, " This is only to let you kno\.v that I am alive. I have nothing to do but to read, walk, and prepare for all the chances Sir Anthony Deane, Knight. 61 attending this obliging world. I have the old soldier's request (to Charles V. ), 'A little space between business and the grave,' which is very pleasant on many considerations. '' As most men towards their latter end grow serious, so do I in assuring you that I am "Your very humble servant, "ANTHONY DEANE. " To my esteemed friend Samuel Pepys, Esquire, London, these." In Pepys' answer to this he " kisses the hand ,, of Mrs. Hunts "with a thousand respects." Mrs. Hunts was a relative of Oliver Cromwell's, and as she was residing with Sir Anthony, she was probably also his relative. Sir Anthony married twice. By his first wife, Ann Prowse, widow, of Grigg, who, strange to say, bore the dis­ tinguished arms "Azure, 3 lions passant argent," he had four sons and a daughter: Anthony, ancestor of Anthony Deane, of W ebling, Devon, Esq. ; John, who accompanied the Czar Peter to Russia, where he died ; Robert, Morgan, and Elizabeth, who married Sir Edward Anderson, of Broughton, Lincoln, Knight. By his second wife, Christian, widow of Sir -- Dundas, Bart., he had a daughter, Christian, and a son, Henry, born 1685. He outlived his eldest son, Anthony, who was buried in St. Olave's; Hart Street, with his mother and his brother Robert. He also outlived his friend Pepys, whose pall he bore at his funeral, and died himself at the age of ninety in 1713. His descendant, the Rev. William Deane, of Great Torrington, Devon, had a renewed grant of the arms with the change of the chevron fron1 gules to sable, the field '' or.,, The stern of the Royal Charles sable and or. Sir Anthony is also represented by Charles I-Ienry Deane, Esq., barrister-at-law, and his son, the Rev. Anthony Deane. I\Ir. C. H. Deane possesses a very good portrait of his noted ancestor. Cheshire.

~~~~::.~~'!!!!!-~r,j'!!!!!.=~,-l\!flHERE were no Denes of Cheshire origin, for the arms of a family formerly found in that county, "Argent, a fesse dancettee sable," were '' not allowed.'' The Deanes who settled there in the reign of Elizabeth belonged to the family bearing the tortoise crest and the arms of Archbishop Dene. In 1558 John Deane, Rector of St. Bartholomew's the Great, London, Prebendary of Lincoln, founded the Grammar School at Whitton, with the stipulation that a Deane, if one was to be found, should always be headmaster. The statutes of the school enjoin that : " Upon Thursdays and Saturdays in the afternoon, and upon Holydays, the scholars do refresh themselves ; and that a week before Christmas and Easter (according to old custom) they barre and keepe out of the schole the Master, in such sorte as other scholars doe in great scholes. And that as well in the Vacations or the other daies aforesaid they use their bow es and arrows only, and eschewe all bowling, carding, dyeing, quoiting, and all other unlawful games." In 1643 James and Robert Deane formed part of the volunteer garrison of Withenshaw from Altricham against the Parliament. In 1629 Thomas Deane of the Park House estate in Cheshire.

Alderley died. Thomas Deane de Park, gentleman, died in 1694, and was buried at Alderley. On his tomb is a Latin inscription, setting forth that " he was a lover of his God, his Church, his Country, and his King, and of all good deeds. The giver of the endowment of the school in Alderley church­ yard, and also a bright example of uprightness and usefulness in life, of courteousness and frankness in his manners, and of the greatest charity to the poor and of generosity to his relations.,, His heir was his niece, Sarah Deane, who married William Stanley, of Astle, and upon whom he settled all his property in Alderley, including the Park House. The Deanes of Chelford Hall were related to Thomas '' de Park." They intermarried with the Antrobuses of Whitby and the Tomkinsons of Gresford. Richard was a name frequently found in their early pedigree. Timothy Deane,--- Done (of an ancient of Chelford Hall. I Cheshire family). I I I I Timothy,=?v1ary Samuel, I Jane James -- ,villiam of Chel- Gatton, of North- Hand- Kel- Dutton, ford of Hulse wick. cock. shaw. of Hall. Hall. Tarvin. I I I Thomas, George. Richard=Marianne Charles=l\1. Gray. of Hulse Hall Timothy, Sharp. b. 1809; No known descendants. d. 1851. I I I Arthur Macreth,=M. S. Tees- Emily. Margaret, Prehendary Chichester ; dale. m. Rev. Canon Residentiary ; P. Webb, b 1837. Prebendary I Chichester. I I I Richard Teesdale. Arthur Vernon, Daughters. b. 1884. b. 1886. I I I James Edward,=E. Gill!ng Lax. George. Geoffry. b. 1868. Two sons. America.

EVERAL members of the Deane family claiming descent from the stock of the " lion and crescents " or the " chevron and ravens '' settled in America. Among the most distinguished of these citizens of the U.S. was Silas Deane, a native of Connecticut. " He was a member of the first and second Congress, and was distinguished by his literary merits and political and mercantile knowledge, as well as a great zeal for liberty ( the characteristic of the first planters and their descendants). Consequently he was appointed in 1776 Ambassador by Congress to France." He died, in I 789, on board the Boston packet in the Downs, in his fifty-third year. John and Walter Deane were among the first settlers in Taunton, Mass. In 1760 Samuel Deane, D.D., received an honorary degree from Harvard University. Mr. William Ward Dean, of Boston, for many years edited the New England H£storical and Genealogical Register, a mine of antiquarian research. The genealogical history of most of the families of the early settlers are to be found in it, giving their English ancestry. Additional Particulars concerning Deane, or Dean, of Christchurch and Ryngwode.

~~J?-..3.~!:,~ HIS family obtained the grant of the following arms from Heralds College-a variation of Deane of Deanelands : Gitles a lion couchant, and in base a crescent argent. On a chief nebuly of the last 2 crescents of the first. Crest: a demi­ lion or gorged with a collar nebuly, holding in the dexter paw a crescent, and resting the sinister paw on an increscent all gules. 35 Henry VIII., Hundred of Christchurch. View of Frankpledge with the Court of our Lord the King. Grant to Richard Dene, the younger, of a cottage and parcel of land in Holnest, near the church. Fines, Southampton. January, 1542. Richard Dene is plaintiff in an action concerning this land. His right is acknowledged, and he pays the defendant, :t\largaret Strowde, £40. Will of William Dean, Littledown, Holdenhurst, proved January 22, 1813. Holweye Place, in "Holnehurste," with the " whole parcel of moor called Longmore," was held in tenure 8 by Richard Dene in 1537, for which he paid X • For lands 8 in Littledown he paid xx • 9

Dene of the Forest of Dene.

T is in the Forest of Dene, Gloucestershire, now vulgarly spelt "Dean," that we find the first English ancestor of the stock of Berk­ shire, Oxfordshire, and Gloucestershire Deanes, as well as those of Dromore, Ireland. The origin of the name is by no means certain. Speed mentions Ardene, meaning woods and forests, as a possible one. Geraldus Cambrensis calls it " Danica Sylva," or the Danes ,voods. Dr. Bird, the antiquary, tells us that the word " Dene " is Gaelic. The Castle of St. Briavels, formerly called Le Dene, where the Constable of the Royal Forest, or more generally his Lieutenant, the seneschal, lived, occupied an important position on the borders of wild \Vales. Another castle-of Dene-existed in early times, but was battered down, according to tradition, by the troops of Cromwell. As only the site remains, however, it is more likely to have disappeared long before the Civil \Vars. Although it was clear that the Denes of St. Briavels, with the particle " de " and their Norman Christian names, were foreign Knights, it was only on the publication of the second volume of the Battle Abbey Roll, edited by the Duchess of Cleveland, that they were traced to their Norman source. She proves them to belopg to the baronial family of De la Mare, from ,vhich are descended several distinguished lines. 9-2 68 Dene,. Deane, Adeane.

"Would you know," says an ancient Roll given by John Brompton in the French language, "what are the names of the great men who crossed the sea with the Conqueror? Here are their sirnames as we find them written : " Maudevyle et Daundevyle. " Oumfravyle et Dounfravyle. "Mare et Mautravers. " Ferny et F erers." Planche: "La Mare, 'Sire de.'-The name of this great Anglo-Norman family was derived from the fief of La Mare at St. Opportune in the arrondissement of Pontaudemer, where their castle was built on piles on the borders of the lake still called Grand Mare." Battle Abbey Roll, vol. ii.: "The ancestor of the English family Norman de la Mare lived circa 1030. Hugo de la Mare occurs in a Breton charter (Morice, 'Hist. Brit. Preuves '). This was one of his sons, of \\·horn four came to England at the Conquest, but in all probability not the eldest of them." "William FitzNorman, who in 1086 held of the King in Gloucestershire and Herefordshire, and appears as under­ tenant in Wilts and Herts, must have been the head of the house'~- (see Domesday Book; also Leland). The Barons of Pontaudemer were descended, through Thorold, the grandson of Bernard the Dane, from the old Kings of Denmark, who were superseded by Harold Harfager. Planche gives their pedigree, and shows that Thorold de Pontaudemer, who married W eever, sister to the Duchess Gunnora, was related to all the great Norman nobles of the day, and Henry, Earl of Warwick, and Roger, Earl of Lincoln, were among his descendants. - A son of the latter was Count Waleran, born 1104, one of whose family was a Constable of the Forest of Dene. Earl Gilbert de Clare married Elizabeth, sister of Count Waleran; their son ,vas " Earl Strongbow," with whom I<.obert de Dene crossed over to Ireland. At the time of the Domesday Survey the three 1\Ianors of Dene in the Forest of Dene, Gloucestershire, viz., Dene lvlagna, Dene Parva, and Ruar Dene, .or Ruardyn, w.ere Dene of the Forest of Dene. 69 united into one estate, which was held by William Fitz­ Norman tax free for keeping the Forest. In the reign of Edward the Confessor these manors were the property probably in severalty of three Saxon Thanes, Godric, Elric, and Ernui. William FitzNorman held also in the same county English Bicknor, Morcote, Tatington Ulgar, and lands in Blideslaw Hundred; also Yatton in Herefordshire and Lea in Cheshire, under Hugh " Lupus," Earl of Chester, whose daughter he married. The family appear to have very soon become possessed of lands in Somerset, to which they gave their name (see Dromore). · • The authorities for the fallowing particulars are : 1. Liber Feodorum Regis. 2. Liber de Finibus Regis. 3. Escheates of the Crown. 4. Testa de Neville. 5. In­ quisitiones post-mortem. 6. Close Rolls. 7. Pleas of the Crown. 8. Pipe Rolls; Atkins's "Gloucestershire"; Big­ land's and Fosbrooke's ditto; "The Cartulary of Dene Abbey," by A. W. Crawley-Boevey, Esq., etc.

William, the son of Norman, holds two hides and two virgates of land and a half in Dene. Three Thanes, Godric, Elric, and Ernui, held them in King Edward's time. Hugh, who is called Hugh FitzWilliam-FitzNorman, succeeded his father, and as Censor of the Forest, an office appertaining to some of the lands held by Willian1, rendered account of the taxes of the Forest. His brother, Ulric de Dene, succeeded to Bicknor. Before 1 I 33 the Manor of Bicknor, "previously held by Ulric de Dene, was granted by the King to l\1ilo de Gloucester." In these disturbed times lands changed hands frequently, and it is principally by studying grants and charters that we are able to trace their occupants. Henry I I. confirmed the Earldom of Gloucester to Milo's son Robert, and granted to him with certain exceptions the whole of the lands between Severn and Wye. That the Manor of Dene Magna was included is proved by a charter from Earl Roger conferring the ministry of the Forest on vVilliam de Dene with all that appertained to it, to 70 Dene, Deane, Adeane. hold as freely and as quietly as Earl ~1ilo did. This included command of the foresters and miners, ,vho were an important body in warfare, attending the King as his sappers and n1iners. Under Sir Henry de Dene they did considerable service in the wars of Edward I. \Ve find a William de Mara, of Hereford Parva, c£rca 1 128, described as nephew to Earl Milo's father, Walter Fitz­ Roger de Pistres. We may here notice the brothers of William FitzN orman. Of these Ralph became Baron of Montalt. " Montalt is a little hill in Flintshire, now Mould," says Dugdale. Ralph's descendants were hereditary seneschals of Chester for seven generations. The last but one was known as the Black Steward of Chester, and ruled with the iron rod of a Baron Marcher from his castles of l\ilontalt and Hawarden. His son Robert, who married Cecily, daughter and co-heir of the Earl of Arundel, was reputed one of the greatest Barons in the kingdom. In 1249 he sold to the monks of Coventry a great part of his woods and revenues, and signed with the cross in order to join the Crusades. His son died without heirs in 1329, and he settled his vast estates on Queen Isabella and her son John, of Eltham. Roger de la Mare, another of William's brothers, was first Baron of Kilpeck. His heir ,vas Hugh, who held under Earl Hugh of Chester, built the castle of Kilpeck, and gave a charter to St. W erburg's Abbey before I I 20. In 1124 he gave the church of Kilpeck to the monks of St. Peter's, (iloucester. His son Roger left co-heiresses Joan and Isabel. Isabel carried the barony to William \Valeran, and Joan married Phillip Marmion. She is said to have been eventually sole heir, but left daughters only, one of whom married Robert Botiler. Mazare married Richard Cromwell, and left descendants.

In I roo the sons of William FitzNorman were Hugh and Ulric. In. 1 133 Geoffrey, son of Ulric, who held H yncledene, witnessed a charter by which King Henry gave lands to the Abbey of Colum. Dene of the Forest of Dene. 71

In r r 55 William held the ministry of the Forest. \Villiam de Dene, the King's Forester, married Matilda. Galfridus was his son and heir ; Mael and William, and perhaps W alfric, were other sons. They signed with him a charter to the Abbey of St. Mary de Dene at Flaxley. A rubbing from an ancient brass exists in which the only part of the inscription actually legible is the name Galfridi Dene. There is no note to say from what church it came, but in all probability it was one in the Forest. Galfrid's son was William. In 1194 Geoffrey, son of William, signed a grant of his meadow " Pulmede" to the Abbey of Dene. He married Petronilla, paid a benevolence of 5 marks in 1202, and died 1209. William de Dene and William de Mara are among the most important benefactors of the Abbey ; the latter would · seem to be William FitzNorman. One Geoffrey de Dene died in I 195. In 1199 William paid a fine for a breach of Forest laws. In 1242 he held a blissatirum, or furnace, for blasting metal, which he was allowed to retain, while other unlicensed persons were deprived of their forges. He is described as "Forest­ arius in nostra Foresta de Dene " in a charter of Henry I I I. In I 202 we find Hugh, perliaps a brother of the preceding Knight, and Gulfric de Dene, whose son is, again, William. In 1208 William held a bailiwick in the Forest and lands £n cap£te, which obliged him to follow the King wheresoever he was required to go. In 1216 he held a sergeantry in Gloucestershire (no doubt in the Forest). He was seneschal of St. Briavel' s Castle, sometimes called Le Dene, and this office became hereditary in the family. The Constables were successively Milo, Earl of Gloucester, Hugh le Despencer, and Humphrey de Bohun, who married a daughter of Earl Milo. Hugh and Humphrey were also Constables of Wallingford Castle, hence the connection of the Denes with that place. In I 260 vVilliam de Dene of St. Briavels died, seized of the l\'lanor of Great Dene. He was bound by his tenure to keep one horsen1an and two foot-soldiers to- serve in the King's arn1y. 72 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

His arms were Gules 2 bars and canton con_joined argent. Hundred of Langtre Lassebirg, "Quod William de Dene quondam tenuit ibidem." Hundred of Bysley, "Quod Roseia de Dene," sister of " lvlargaret ejus Nicholas Seymor," in Paganhall. In I 269 Sir William de "Den,, was Rector of Walton-in­ the-Wold, Sir Hugh de la Spencer being the patron. In 1 289 among the confidential members of the household of the Bishop of Hereford was his seneschal, Thomas de la Dene, highly commended. Sir Henry de Dene is found to be son and heir, and of full age. He did homage for his lands at Winchester Sep­ tember 28, I 269, which his father, William de Dene, had held in capite from the King. The wheat belonging to the said William is stated to be stored for the winter in the " cemetery " of Dene, in the custody of his executors, namely, Hugh le Hope, Isabel, wife of Sir William, and Robert le Dene ; and the oats are in the custody of the Constable of St. Briavels. In 45 Henry III. he again did homage for the Sergeantry of the Forest, which he had received fron1 his wife Agatha, daughter and heir of Sir \Villiam de Lasseberg, Sergeant of the Forest. Lasseberg was held under Hugh le Despencer at one Knight's fee, and another Knight's fee was held of Lord William de Karnes. Sir Henry de Dene's bailiwick was twelve acres of land in St. Briavels. He held the l\'lanors of Great Dene and Little Dene, of Paganhall (Abenhall) and St. Briavels. He was seneschal of the castle to Sir John de Botetout, and served in the Welsh campaign. Also he held two virgates of land called Ryffletum in fee farm at the rent of 6 pence, and a certain assa11"t in Ardern at the rent of 2 shillings. In 1272 Geoffrey de Dene was Panetor (an office in royal households) to the Queen Mother. "He holds 110 acres of enclosure, free pasture, of the lord the king and of his men of Windsore. He pays yearly by writ Henry III. two and a half marks to the Hospital of Windsore, and four shillings to the king's exchequer."

Sir Henry de Dene, Sergeant of Fee, demanded house- Dene of t!ie Forest qf Dene. 7 3

bote and a trunk of a tree at Christmas by view of the Constable, Forester, and Verderer, and hay-bote and dead

,vood without view ; and common for his cattle throuo-hout0 the Forest save in land forbidden, and pannage free. He presented to the church of Dene Magna in r 280, and died I 292.

In 13 r I John le Dene was Chamberlain of the Exchequer.

In 1292 Vlilliam succeeded his father, Henry, but did not do homage for his lands till I 304. In 1310 his son and heir, Sir \\i1 illiam, styled in the Inquisitiones Lord of Dene, made fealty for his lands October I 4, I 3 Io. His arms are carved in the cloisters of Canterbury Cathedral among those of benefactors. The 2 bars and canton conjoined of this family are also to be found in Peterborough Cathedral, in the infirn1ary, in Allhallows, Evesham, and in Fladbury, Worcestershire, where they accompany those of Mortimer. This Sir William de Dene held the l\'Ianor of Little Dene -in capite, and added, perhaps by marriage, the 1'Ianors of Bradley and Newnham to his paternal estates. There appears to have been a continuity of tenure in the family, as he pays to the King the exact amount, ten shillings a year, paid by Geoffrey de Dene to Richard I. and John. He died in 1319, supposed to have fallen in battle. When Humphrey de Bohun ,vas summoned by writ in 13 Io, and again in r 3 1 5, to the Scottish vV ars, he was accom­ panied by Sir William, his Lieutenant of the Forest, \vith t\venty foresters, ,vho acted as miners in the siege of Berwick. Part of Berwick was bestowed on Sir Henry, and was O\vned in the next generation by William de Dene. In 1322 Humphrey de Bohun fell at the Battle of Borough­ bridge, and left a legacy of I oo shillings to John le Dene, and another of 50 to Richard le Dene. These are stated to be brothers of Sir William and sons of Sir Henry, and ,vere in De Bohun's household at Viallingf ord Castle. Sir William left two infant daughters co-heirs, but con­ siderable contention arose as to the tenure by which his land ,vas held. The question of 1nilitary service ahvays arose in IO 74 Dene, Deane, Adeane. such cases. The jurors held that in Great Dene and Little Dene he held of the King by homage and service of 10s and 6d, and by the service of remaining with the King in his wars for three days at his own expense in the counties of Gloucester, Hereford, and \Vorcester, and that the King had the custody of his lands and heirs. Ranaud de Abenhall, whose son and heir eventually married Isabella de Dene, was tenant for the moiety of the Manor of Great Dene. \Ve next find that Sir William de Dene, who must have been cousin to the heiresses, is in possession of the estates­ probably nominally as guardian. He became involved in the Despencer troubles, and was taken at the head of 500 men at the siege of Caerphilly Castle, when Mortimer's followers basely broke their pledge for life and limb, and dragged Le Despencer with the rest, "three other noblemen,'' to Bristol, where they were executed in 1327. Drayton's " Polyolbion ,, records : " Reding, the Marshal, the like way was led, And after him the Earl of Arundel, To pay the forfeit of a reverend head. The Muckledene, and with him Daniel, That foil owing him in his luxurious way, 1'hen went before him to his fatal day.'' The three ,vho ,vere of noble birth were hanged with silken rope. Sir William's lands ,vere adjudged forfeited: those '' north of the Trent " (perhaps a legal fiction) given into the custody of Richard de Clare, those south of the Trent to Sir \Villiam Trussel, who presided at the tribunal which condemned Hugh le Despencer and his comrades. These forfeited estates were Great and Little Dene, St. Briavels, Lasseberg, N e,vnham, Paganhall, Radleigh, and Stamford Kaymes. It is clear that some of these manors were restored to the two sisters, Johanna and Isabella, '\\' ho were now fifteen and eleven years old. Johanna married Ralph ap Eynon, and Isabella Sir Ralph de Abenhall. The older coat of Dene with the two bars so distinctive of the Forest family does not appear among the quarterings of the Bay~ham shield repre senting the i\benhall line, \vhere Azure on a chief argent, Dene of tlie Forest of Dene. 7 5

3 1nullets gules is given for Dene. This shield was formerly to be seen in the window of the church of Great Dene, and is more likely to belong to Lasseberg, whose heiress Sir Henry married. The 3 mullets may have been taken from the arms of De Bahun. At Kimbolton 3 mullets on a bend are on the De Bohun arms, replacing their 3 l£oncels, and elsewhere 3 sable mullets on a bend are formed for De Bahun, and exactly the same across the barry coat of Dene of Bucks and Hunts. It therefore appears to have been a grant from the arms of a feudal superior, and may be reckoned the origin of the sable mullets still borne by those families clain1ing descent from the Forest stock. The bars and canton of Dene are found again in con­ junction with the famous arms of Mortimer in the abbey church of Shrewsbury, a church especially patronized by the Mortimer family, but the relationship implied seems to have been complicated by a political feud. In 1332 Sir John de Dene, of Wallingford, was appointed by the King's Commission at Gloucester guardian of the goods and chattels of Roger Mortimer of Chirk, and of his three castles of Bolkedynes, Penkethly, and Plenvenny, from which estates he was required to raise forces for the King. This must have been granted in reprisal for the treacherous cruelty on the part of the 1\'1ortimers by which Sir \Villiam de Dene was put to death. It is a singular circumstance that Sir John should eventually have become a partizan of the Earl of March, as he did, and only to be accounted for by the relation­ ship. Richard, the youngest of the three sons of Sir Henry de Dene, inherited I 2 acres of land and 125 rent on St. Briavels, which the Lady Agatha, his mother, obtained leave from the King to alienate in his favour, to be held £n capite by the services due and accustomed ; namely, by keeping one foot­ man in the Forest for kP.eping vert and venison, and the peace, for all service except wardship and marriage when it happens. In the fine old church of Great Dene are the nameless relics of early and interesting n1onuments, besides two curious 10-2 Dene, Deane, Adeane. brasses to l\Iargaret Baynham and Alice \\Talwyn, two ladies descended from Sir Henry de Dene. These are han,g-ing on nails in the vestry. In N ewlands Church there is a beautiful monument with recumbent figures of a Knight and lady, said to be descendants of Isabella de Abenhall, but with names of a date posterior to theirs, which is not later than Ed ward I I I. The name disappears from the Forest about this ti1ne, as Richard follo,ved H un1phrey de Bohun and his brother John into Oxfordshire, but just at the time when the family fell into trouble the arms are found on a tombstone in the church of St. Briavels, with the name Catchmayde, which is "Gwalch­ mai,'' Vlelsh for "Hawk of Battle." This is just such a soubriquet as would be given to a warden of the wild marches of Wales, and unless some of the mangled remains of the judicially murdered William were buried there, might have been the title of another warrior of the family, whose real name was just then under a cloud. The arms ,vere rare ones, and it was impossible to adopt unauthorized bearings either at that time or for many centuries after, arms being jealously regarded as property of a very valuable kind. The estate of Dyne's or Dene's Hall, Hedingham, Essex, belonged to some member of this family in the reign of Ed ward I I., and later on its owner ,vas nan1ed De Bois, or Boys, and bore the 2 bars canton con_jo-ined, while the place ,vas called Bois Hall. Guido de Bois was High Sheriff for Essex in 1363. Before proceeding ,vith the account of the Denes now scattered an1ong the adjacent counties, it may be interesting to notice that the De la ]\,'!ares seem to be continually mixed up with their kinsmen the Denes. The original arms of De la lViare, a barry of six dancette, or and gules, is soon replaced by members of the fa1nily with other bearings, some of which are too much like those borne by Denes to be accidental adoptions. Their lioncels in pale \Vere probably taken from those of De Bohun. John de la Mare signs the Great Charter ,vith a seal Gules 2 lions passant £n pale, argent. Sir Robert De la Mare, of Hants, has de goules a deux lupars passanz de argent, vv·hile the arms of Sir Ed\vard de Dyn, or Dene, are contemporary and identical, except that the leopards are or. Peter de Dene.

~~~~~N the nave of York Cathedral is the oldest armorial ,vindow in England ( 1306). In it may be seen the kneeling figure of Peter de Dene, who put it up to the glory of God and St. Catherine. He wears the tonsure, [· ~-; -~~ and is clothed in surplice, blue cope and hood, purple cassock and shoes, and furred amice. At the head of the central light is a circle of blue, on which is the raven, the badge of Dene. The chief portion of the window is occupied with the history of St. Catherine, and on either side are a great many coats of arms of royal, ecclesiastical, and other distinguished personages both in England and on the Continent. Percy, Beauchamp, Mowbray, \Varenne, Clifford, and De Ros are represented. Many of the shields have dis­ appeared, others are defaced, hut De la 1\1are seems to be there, and what is attributed to Beauchamp is also given to Abenhall, the Forest family, ~~hose heir married one of the co-heirs of Sir \Villiam de Dene. These are Gules, a Jesse between six cross crosslets or, and seem to be the ar1ns of Dene with the addition of the crosslets. Peter de Dene was born about the year I 265. In 1295 he was summoned to Parliament at vVestminster. In r 297 he ,vas one of the Council of Prince Edward, afterwards Ed,vard I I. Dene, Deane, Adeane.

1-Ie was "Magister" Canon of the Cathedrals of York, London, and Wells, also of the collegiate churches of Wim­ borne and Southwell. In 1300 the convent of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, granted him a pension of £10 per annum, and he engaged to undertake their causes and business, especially in disputes with the Archbishop, Prior, and Archdeacon of Canterbury. In 1 302 he and William de Grenefield, Canon of York, were summoned as two of the King's clerks to appear before Chancellor Langton to advise on arduous affairs of the King. He attended Parliament in four years of Edward l.'s reign, and also at Carlisle the year of the King's death. He was domestic chaplain and chancellor to the Archbishop of York, and Vicar-General in 1309. Greene, appointed Archbishop in 1314, desired the Dean and Chapter to admit him to the next vacant dignity. He erected buildings at St. Augustine's, Canterbury, which bore his name, besides other services, so three monks were appointed daily to pray for his soul and for that of his relatives. Also St. Margaret's Day was a sacred anniversary in his family. In 13 13 the Canon, with the Bishops of Norwich and Ely and the Earl of Pembroke, is sent on a mission to Rome, with counsel to inquire concerning the goods of the Knights Hospitallers. He attended seven Parliaments in the reign of Edward I I. In I 319 he resigned his good living of Elmley, worth 70 marks. Being an adherent of Thomas, Duke of Lancaster, after his defeat at Boroughbridge and execution, Peter was treated rigorously by the King's party - the Chronicles of St. Augustine says without his fault. He therefore fled to that priory in the habit of a monk, ,vhile they threatened his life and property. As he had taken no vows, he retained houses and lands and a quantity of silver plate, and was not bound to attend services or to take meals with the other monks, but remained in his own rooms with his servants at his own expense. The son of what was then reckoned a noble house, in its full tide of prosperity, he enjoyed the privileges and also the dangers of distinction. He taught canon la,v, gave Peter de Dene. 79 counsel, conducted affairs, and took exercise in the precincts, but when he grew tired of this narrow life and wished to return to the world the community declined to allow it, even after he had made his will leaving many books and pieces of plate to them. He then planned an escape, and bribed two brothers, De Bourne, to arrange it for him. "He withdrew with a serving-boy, taking with him six silver dishes and six silver salvers, and passed through his own cellar into his garden." The adventure ended with loss of dignity ·to the Canon, for he was pursued and discovered in a roll of canvas, and conducted back to undergo judgment. The Queen Mother's jewels were pawned and left in his charge on one occasion, and much worry came of that ; and he was accused of making away with treasure from the Earl of Lancaster's treasury. But all these persecutions were occasioned by the Despencers, Lancaster's disappointed and vindictive foes. However, he seems to have found himself safest, after all, at Canterbury, and resigned himself to its dull seclusion, the monks getting over the difficulty about the treasure by bestowing an annuity of ten marks on one Matilda de Will­ mington. This lady exerted sufficient influence to secure " a pardon " from the King and permission to keep the plate. It is gratifying to know that Peter spent the rest of his life in peace from secular enemies, and died in the odour of sanctity. Deane of Dromore, represented by the Lord Muskerry.

IF.:=~~~.. -§_ ru'M:OBERT DE DENE accompanied_ Earl Strongbow to Ireland in the reign of Henry II., and with Hugh de Lacy and others witnessed a charter from the King granting the kingdom of Cork to Robert FitzStephen and Milo de Coegan. This Robert de Dene was a feudal retainer of De Laci, who held the manor of Dene for a few years after the Conquest, and from whose occupation it passed to that of William FitzNorman, the founder of the family of Dene. Robert was the head of one of the fourteen illustrious tribes of Galway, con1memorated in an ancient inscription in Galway, and in a doggerel couplet : "Athey, Blake, Browne, Bodkin, Deane, Dorsay, French, Joynes, J\,lorres, Skerrett, Forte, Kerney(?), !\ilartin, Lynche." It is said that, corresponding with these septs, the city of Galway had fourteen gates, fourteen bridges, fourteen altars in the cathedral, and fourteen religious houses. Sir William de Dene was Justiciary for Ireland at the end of the twelfth century, and as he bore for his arn1s Argent 2 bars sable within a bordure gules, we can identify him as belonging to the Forest family, and that of Huntingdon and Berkshire. In 1216 Phelim O'Connor, King of Connaught, speaks of t s~ Jolm jt Dene. 1,,; Dene oY A.Dene · ~tcu£ of s;f1lk _ ,.....-~--1 ~ Stu.k-dt'J Ma,or- Dtn,e ec,v. .,t .t ~/eit--.c,,G_

\ ~ ~ane, of Maffi.,,.J~ . AJ.ea11e f.. [:alsrove · - BinJielcl , · Balra ha.111

' '

II

Deane of Dro1nore. the late Justiciary, William de Dene, as " bonce me1norice," who had obtained for him restitution for damage done by Walter de Burgh, " who, since the death of Sir \Villiam de Dene," had returned '' to all his forn1er evil practices." In 1297 Reginald de Dene was summoned among the "Fideles" of Ireland by Edward I. to do military service in England, and in I 300 to Carlisle to serve against the Scots. In 1300 John de Dene was Chancellor of the Exchequer in Dublin, and was presumably identical with John de Dene, who in 13 I I was Chamberlain of the Exchequer in England. Sir John was summoned to do military service in Ireland for lands at Dromore, co. Cork. He seems to have been the Sir John de Dene, of Upwood and Stukeley, whose son added the '' creusules " to the bars of the original shield. In 1261 William de Dene of Ireland lent Prince Edward (Edward I.) £5,000. Of this large sum £2,000 was still due to Thomas de Dene, his son and heir. In I 3 I 5 Thomas de Dene, "one of the nobility of Ireland," was thanked for good services against Scotch and Irish "rebels." In 8 Edward I I. a release and pardon were granted to Sybella and Thomas de Dene for marrying ,vithout license from the King, in consideration of the services of John de Rydelsford, who gave Sybella away. Reginald de Dene was son and heir to Thomas, holding lands in Cork and Waterford, which were "resumed" in the King's name, of which Reginald complains, and is referred to the Chief Justiciary. He was patron of the church of Kelnes by inheritance from William de_ Dene. As Sir John was contemporary with Thomas and Reginald, it is clear that their estates in Cork were not the princely domain of Dromore, while their arms prove them to be of the same family. Dromore was a portion of the "Geraldine'' country, and may have fallen to that other great Norman family by marriage, or may have continued in the line of some descendant of .the Denes. \Ve hear no more about it until the seventeenth century, when it is once n1ore in the posses-- 11-2 Dene, Deane, Adeane. sion of a Deane of the old Forest family. This, if not more than a coincidence, is an interesting one, and it seems more probable that a tradition which remained concerning the old ownership induced the purchase of it-if it was a purchase, and not an inheritance. The arms of Deane of Dromore, Argent 2 bars g1tles, differ from those of the Justiciary and of the Denes of Stukeley

-i.~ : ·~ , ·-r, ~"' .. ..,. -i-t~ . .,.,. I -­...-

KEEP AND BELL TOWER, SPRINGFIELD CASTLE, CO. LIMERICK. and N ethercote only in colour, and this difference, as of gules­ sable, argent-or, was commonly adopted in the times ,vhen it was necessary to distinguish bet,veen two or three of the same name, about whose relationship there was no doubt ; whereas in later days, when there were numerous branches of the stock, it was desirable to preserve the arms in their integrity as the most certain proof of a common origin. The crest of Deane of Dromore is "a demi-dragon issuant Deane of Dromore. from a ducal coronet," erroneously described in some accounts as a sea-dog, or sea-otter. I ts correct form, with a beast's mouth, a scaly neck, claws, and a forked tail, is carved over the gateway of Springfield Castle. Heraldic animals have repeatedly undergone changes of form, owing most likely to the ignorance of workmen employed to paint or sculpture them, and the difficulty of obtaining a life-study of a dragon, griffin, or phrenix. A griffin is now established as a creature with an eagle's head and talons and a lion's body ; a dragon has t\VO paws and a twisted tail. Yet Johnson describes the griffin with a lion's head and paws. " Of all bearings among these winged creatures the griffin is the most ancient." A dragon he describes as a "kind of winged serpent." Thus, the well-known "dragon" prow of the ancient Scandinavian vessels, which is exactly like the crest that heads this division, is more properly a griffin ; and ,vhat is called a " ducal coronet " in the same crest is not that, but precisely the ornamental collar from which the Northman's dragon issued. Have we, then, the origin of both " dragon" and "griffin " crest so long borne in the Irish and the English families tracing their descent from the Denes of the Forest, the Barons of Pontaudemer, and the early Kings of Denmark? It is certain that a claim to that ancient strain of royal blood would not have been undervalued in medieval times, and as the Danish raven was the early badge of the "clan," so the dragon might very naturally have been chosen as a crest by those who had to make their choice of a suitable one when they were first worn on Knights' helms. The oldest known crest of the Forest family is, however, described as a wolfs head issuant from " a ducal coronet." This was of course the origin of that borne by the Deanes of Dromore, but wolf and griffin have been confused (see Mattingley), and the suggested derivation holds good. 1"he name Matthew is the distinctive one among the Deanes of Dromore, now raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Barons Muskerry. We find it as early as I 240 in that part of England in which the Denes of the barry arms clustered. !\fatthew de Dene d\velt "not far from Ambrosden and 86 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Burcester," in Oxfordshire. In 1593 a Matthew Deane was buried in Sonning Church, Berks. Another of the same name was buried in St. Giles's, Reading, in 1619. However, the Deanes of Dromore are said to have come from Somerset, where soon after the Conquest the Forest family held lands ; and as it seems impossible to discover the earliest links con­ necting the English and Irish offshoots with the parent stock, it may not be out of place here to give an account of a family of whom all trace is lost, but which no doubt sprung from the old Norman root. Porthcuith (Portskewet), meaning "the port under the wood," is within a few miles of St. Briavels, although in the neighbouring county. Humphrey de Bohun, the fifth Lord, with whom the Denes were so closely connected, did homage for it in 1220; and we find there an early settlement of a knightly family called " Deneband," which means " Dene of the Uplands,'' from the Welsh, whose crest temp. Henry III. was a "demi-lion rampant." As we have seen, there was so little distinction between the demi-lion and the demi-griffin, or dragon, that nothing was easier than to confuse the three; and there is no reason to suppose that the other family, then in Northamptonshire and Kent, had strayed away so far from their own counties. Sir Philip Deneband, of Pescoythe, married Alice, daughter and heir of John Gifford. Leland says that " Deneband Dominus de Porthcuith Gwallior " ( showing that it was then reckoned a part of Wales, as the Forest was) was a Knight of good repute and estimation in the time of Henry V. Deneband is named in connection with the privileges of Westwood,. ,, Somerset, in "The Secret History of Monmouth- s hire. The name was of the same type as Dene-mead, Denefield, or Hallpike, a N orthumbrian name meaning " Hall on the hill "; pike being dropped in course of time, the name became Hall.

The first Deane who (at present) is actually identified as an ~ncestor of the Deanes of Dromore was " lVIoses- Deane, of Deane of Dro1nore. . Deane's Fort, Somerset," who in 1589 married Alice, daughter of Sir Roger Ludlow, Knight. He settled in Ireland in 1590. There is an interesting portrait of him and his wife in what has been called " the Puritan costume ,, ; but the dress of " Dame Alice " is not unlike that of Queen Mary, so perhaps they kept up old country fashions. The Puritan costume did not, of course, come in until the Protector's rule, more than half a century later. Matthew Deane, "of Deane's Fort," was their son. There is no place known as Deane's Fort to be found in Somerset, but " Deane's Port" might easily be Port-Skewet, the castle in possession of the Denes of the Uplands. On the other hand, it might have been "fort," as forest was for­ merly written. Only the river Avon divided the place from the old boundaries of the Forest of Dene. Matthew Deane, born 1626, married, first, Mary, daughter of Thomas Wallis, of Somerset. Whatever was the con­ nection with Somerset, it was kept up till the end of the eighteenth century, when lands at South Brent were sold, the entail being cut off. Some of the family were '' merchants over the sea," trading from Bristol. The daughter of a Thomas Deane married Thomas Wallis, another married William Hoare. In the pedigree of the Hoare family "Deane Hoare" occurs. He was godson to Sir Matthew Deane about 1720. Sir Matthew Deane's will was proved 1717. He was to be buried in St. Peter's Church, Cork, by his first wife. He married, secondly, Dorothy, Countess of Barrymore. He left three sons, Robert, Thomas, and Moses. Robert's son was Matthew, whose sons, Matthew and Robert, were mentioned in their great-grandfather's will. The Dromore property and lands at South Brent, Berrow, and Mark, Somerset, were entailed on the heirs male, and "all other my fee and freehold mortgages, and leasehold lands in England and Ireland." In 1689 Sir Matthew Deane, Knight, ,vas placed under attainder by James I I. for siding with the Prince of Orange. Sir Matthew was created a Baronet by Queen Anne in 1700. rie mentions his nephew, Robert Deane, " now in Bristol." His house in Cork was to 88 Dene, Deane, Adeane. be made a hospital for six old Protestant men and two old women ; £800 was left for maintaining this. In 1747 Sir Matthew Deane, of Dromore, second Baronet, died. He represented co. Cork in Parliament. Sir Robert Deane, his son, succeeded him. He married Ann, daughter and co-heir of Colonel William Bretheridge (termed an officer in Cromwell's army, but dates do not admit this. She might have been a grand-daughter). Sir Robert died in 1 770. Sir Matthew Deane, fourth Baronet, represented co. Cork in Parliament. He married Salusbury, daughter and heir of H. R. Davies, of Manly Hall, Cheshire, who represented the ancient family of Salusbury. Their daughters, Mary and Charlotte, were co-heirs. Thomas, Sir Robert's second brother, died unmarried. The Right Hon. Sir Robert Deane, the third brother, was fifth Baronet. He was made a Privy Councillor ; sat for co. Cork in Parliament, and died I 770. His wife was Charlotte, daughter of Thomas Tilson, Esq. (see pedigree). The Lords of Muskerry represent the elder line of MacCarty More, and are heirs male to Cormack MacDaniell Oge, Prince of Desmond Through FitzGeralds and FitzMaurices they are descended from Nesta, daughter of Rhys, Prince of South Wales, through twenty Earls of Kerry, down to Anne FitzMaurice, wife of the first Lord Muskerry of the Deane family, who inherited the ancient castle and domain of Springfield. Gerald, fifteenth Earl of Kerry, married Julia, daughter of Cormac MacCarthy, Chieftain of Muskerry; died 1550. Denny , of T ralee .

. ENNY, or Dene, represented by Sir Edward · Denny, of Tralee, Bart. This family is descended from Sir Anthony Deane, or Denny, Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Henry VIII. He was the only man who dared tell that monarch of his approaching end, and bid him prepare for death. . Sir Anthony had received \Valtham Abbey from the King at the dissolution of the monasteries, and his descendants had grants of lands from Queen Elizabeth. These Denes came originally from near St. Albans, and belonged to the family of \Vallingford and High Wycombe. The earliest documentary record we possess of royal pictures as a collection belongs to the period of Henry VI I I., and is to be met with in an inventory of " painted tablets " in a ponderous volume containing a full account of the King's plate, jewels, goods, and chattels consigned to the care of Sir Anthony Denny, at Westminster.

l 2 Deane of Dufton and Appleby. rr.a~... ~~=~--~.a.::~-..:.~-=~ ... ~~HIS family bore for arms: I and 4, Argent, two bars, and a canton sable ; 2 and 3, Party per fess indented, 3 coronets counter­ changed. Thomas Deane, of Dufton, is the first on record of this branch of the Forest family. His will is dated April 2, I 566. He left two sons, John and Philip. Nicholas Deane, M.A., Vicar of Warcop 1586-1589, Archdeacon of Carlisle 1602-1622, is believed to have been his nephew, and father of Andrew Deane, of Dufton ; died 1638. His sons were Nicholas, Leonard, and Richard, born 1629, described as of "Dufton-with, Gentleman." He married Elizabeth, daughter of Cuthbert Bainbridge, of Frier House, co. Durham. In 1726 there is the marriage of Hannah, daughter of Richard Deane, of Appleby, Esq. N.B.-Nicholas and Andrew (as well as Thomas) are names found among the sons and grandsons of Thomas Deane, of W argrave. It is now ascertained that Captain Joseph Deane of the Ruby belonged to this family. Dene of Wallingford and High Wycombe.

HE castle of \Vallingford was held from the Crown under the same Constable as that of St. Briavels, and its seneschals were taken from the family of the hereditary seneschals of the latter. In 122 8 Sir John de Dene of \Vallingford paid a fine of 20s. that he might be quit of a voyage with the King, and for having his scutage of the sixth part of a Knight's fee, which he held of the King in the Honour of Wallingford. In 1230 Hugh de la Dene was of Shutford (Swalcliffe) and Stoke Marmion. The Hugh de la Dene of Cestersham, of the same date, was, we n1ust suppose, the same individual. His sister En1ma married Richard de Siffrewast. His son was William de la Dene, who was succeeded by his son Sir vValter de la Dene. In 1269 Sir Thomas de Appleby held one fee in Chearsley of land formerly belonging to Sir Walter de Dene. Here is probably the origin of the Deanes of Appleby. In 1280 SrR JoHN DE LA DENE holds land in the vill of Britwell "Sollum.'' He is also witness to a deed. He is doubt­ less the same as Sir John de Dene of Wallingford, and Newnham, brother of Sir William de Dene of St. Briavels. The only othe.r Knight of the same name at that date was 12-2 92 Dene, Deane, Adea11e. Sir John of Upwood, who held Stoke Chearsley. Here is the link with the families of the griffin crest. In 1281 Dene's Lane (this term sometitnes applied to a property may be a corruption of "land"-" Popham's Lane") is named in connection with v\T allingford, and we find that it is situated near Great Marlow, and belonged to the Deanes of Nethercot. The Deanes of Sandleford held property at Shutford. In 1280 a grant was made to Walter atte Dene and John and Stephen, his sons, of a "seld "-warehouse, or storehouse -at the corner of the Guildhall, ~allingf ord. Sir John de Dene {of St. Briavels) held office under Humphrey de Bohun, who was slain at the Battle of Borough­ bridge 1322, and who left legacies to John and his brother Richard. John de Dene held the manor of Newnham, where there is still a hamlet called '' Dean," and Kelsall in Herts. We find Geoffrey and Nicholas de Dene also holding land in that county. For his lands in the Honour of Wallingford he paid yearly a pound of pepper and a pound of cinnamon to the abbey. In 1307 he was Knight of the shire for Shropshire, in which county his family had held lands for two hundred years. In 1322 he sat on the Royal Commission at Gloucester, and received Roger Mortimer's property in charge, as we have seen. In 132 r he was rewarded for long services to the King with the pesage of wool at Southampton, but this was after­ wards withdrawn on account of his taking part with the Earl of March. In 1327 he was Manucaptor (surety) for the burgesses of \Vallingford. He was summoned to attend the King's Wars in Scotland and F ranee. His shield of arms was " Or a Jesse sable." This bears close affinity with the arms of Kilpec. The heiress to that Barony married Philip Marmion, who took the arms, changing the fesse to va£re. Some other of the Denes from the Forest bore the fess with canton conjoined argent and gules, instead of the two bars. · Dene of Wallingford and High Wyco1nbe. 93

Sir Richard, the youngest of Sir Henry de Dene's three sons (see St. Briavels), was Lord of the Manor of Chalkford, near Chipping Norton, and Lydston. The same estates were held by his grandson, Sir Edmund. They held their Manorial Courts at Dene (or Dean) Hall, Oxon. In 1321 we find William A'Dene, of Wallingford, who in I 3 1o had witnessed to a deed of grant to a hospital. In I 316 William Bachilor left legacies to William, son of William atte Dene, and Robert de Lewknor, Vicar of Wycombe. In 1319 and 1321 William de Dene was l\1anu­ captor for Richard Greathard and Nicholas de la Barre, Burgesses for Wallingford, sent to Parliament. He represented High Wycombe in Parliament. In 1319 John de Dene is sent to Westminster with others by Royal mandate. In 1321 Walter atte Dene is Alderman of Wallingford. In 1327 Roger atte Dene is of Spershott, Berks~ William atte Dene, of Stuppe. In 1340 John, William, and Henry atte Dene were on the muster for defence of the coast. In 1348 Sir William de Dene was High Sheriff of Gloucester. In 1355 Peter de Dene was Rector of High Wycombe. In 1368 to 1394 William de Dene represented High Wycombe in Parliament. In T 386 William de Dene named at Wallingford.

In 1320 Froissart tells a story of a Knight, whom he does not name, but whose arms of the bars and bordure of the Denes of Berks identify him. The English forces were arranged within sight of Paris, and this Knight made a vow of the vainglorious nature then fashionable that he would ride alone to the barriers and strike them. This he proceeded to do in full armour but for his head, his squire carrying his helmet behind him on horseback. Many French Knights looked on from the barriers, and when he had accomplished his vow they generously applauded him, crying out, "Get away, get_ away! Thou hast well acquitted thyself!" 94 Dene, Deane, Adeane. But as the Knight rode back alone and carelessly, a caitiff butcher with three other churls came treacherously behind and smote the chevalier on his uncovered head with an axe, so that he was slain. Then the French Knights posted at the barriers, out of kindly respect, fetched his body in, and buried it in holy ground ; and they and his brothers-in-arms ,vere sorely grieved and angered. 1415. In the campaign of Henry V. another l{night of this family dying in France desired that his body might be carried to the abbey of St. Denis, whom he had chosen for his patron saint. " Dene " was frequently called Denne, or Denny, or Denys, even in naming the same individual.

In 1400 and 1409 John de Dene and Alicia, his wife, were buried in Wallingford Church. Their brasses were seen in r 644, after which they disappeared, probably in the siege of that town. The stone remains :

" Hie jacet Johes a Dene et Alicia uxor ejus Quid quidem Jobes obiit annus Dom. 1400 Et pdta Alicia obiit xxi die J ulii 1409 Quod anima et P. D. A."

1435. In the body of Kelsall Church, Herts, is a marble inlaid with two figures in brass, and the following inscription :

"Here lyeth ye bones of Rychard A'Deane and Marian his wyff. The which Richard dyed. . . In the year of our Lord M.C.C.C.C... The whych Rychard, as ye now say, Lay'd here this stone he (in) his liff-day. The year of our Lord was gan truly M cc cc five and thirty. l\fan, ye behoveth oft to hav your mynde That you gavest with your hand ye yet shall fynde; For women be slowfull and children be unkynde, Executors be coveteous, and kepe all they fynde. For our sadys hope unto ye Tryte (Trinity) Sayth a pat noster for charity." ,. In 1441 William Dene was a Fellow of Eton. Dene of Wallingford and High Wycombe. 9 5

In 1456 John Dene was witness to a deed of the Lord of Finchampstead, Berks. In 1469 John de Dene was page to the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV. Circa I 4 70 Willia1n Dene, "a riche man,'' holding office in Reading Abbey, gave a large donation towards the founding of the Grammar School, ordered by Henry VIII. to be endowed out of the funds of the decayed monastery. He was buried in the abbey in 1500. His arms are stated to have been the bars sable and argent. Reading and Wallingford were closely connected, and under "the Earl 'of' Wallingford," who must have been the Constable of the castle, the Earl " at " Wallingford.

A circle, taking High Wycombe for its centre, would include all the places mentioned as belonging to the Deanes of Wallingford, and the arms given for the three adjacent counties show only those heraldic differences proper to separate branches of one family. These will be found at the end of the book. In 1450 William Dene was Lord of the Manors of Queynton and Missenden, to whom a rent-charge on these two was paid in 1463. He is also found at Wallingford, and is doubtless the " riche man " of Reading, whose property was exempted when the great tithes of the town were granted to Richard Englefield. In 1514 John and Joan a Dene buried in Stoke Talmage Church, where there is a brass to their memory. At the same time there was Richard Deane, of West \Vycombe, whose wife, with Elizabeth, wife of Vlilliam Dene (or Deane), was accused of heresy by Bishop Gardiner, and doubtless heavily fined, as, if poor, they would have been burnt. In 1503 John A'Dene made his will at Wallingford, and died in 1508. He named \Villia1n A'Dene, senior, and William A'Dene, junior. The latter ,vas his son, the former his father, or, more probably, brother. Dene Court, formerly a Manor in the parish of Cumnor, Berks, ,vas the property of this family. The arms of its 96 Dene, Deane, Adeane ..

O\ivners were "Sable 2 bars argent with£n a bordu-re gules "- the bordure showing a younger branch. ·. These arms are quartered with those of Clopton of Esse-?'. In 1492 Hugh Clopton, "Citizen and Mercer," was Lord Mayor of London, and "dwelt on St. Olaves." There he was a neighbour of some of the Denes. of Wallingford (see Iviattingley). The same arms were quartered with Paynall of Boothby, Lincoln. In 1314 Sir John Paynall, of Ottley, Suffolk, and Littleton Pagnelt Wilts, married I-Catherine Dene, an heiress. Their sons William and Thomas took their mother's arms with a difference. Queynton includes the hamlets of Denham (Dene's ham) and Doddeshall, where are tombs of the Dormer family. Thomas Deane, of W argrave, married Margaret, daughter of William Dormer, of West Wycombe, Esq. Her mother was a daughter of Sir John Lancelin, '' a French Knight." Sir Robert Dormer, Bart., lived at the old Manor-house, West Wycombe. Ralph A'Deane was executor, with Margaret, of Thomas Deane,s ,vill. If we could be sure of the name of his father, we should discover the point at which the A'Deanes of Britwell Salome diverged from those of Wallingford. Henry Deane, of Swincombe, was his uncle, and most probably \Villiam Deane, of Wallingford and Queynton, was the common ancestor. Sir Richard a Dene was Chantrey Priest in Reading, and held the chapel of St. Nicholas in Wallingford Castle. In I 547 he was paid iiijs. from his parish in Reading. " Paid to Sir Ri. Deane xs/' Queen Mary assigned hin1 a yearly pension of £6, but after her death we find that he conformed and married. 48• were paid him for riding to Windsor to read the service in English. The same "Colney's Chantry " had been held by one \Villiam Dene in r 4 I 3. The fallowing pedigree is put together from wills chiefly proved at Sarum. It is subject to correction, but on · the whole may be accepted : Dene of Wallingford and High Wycombe. 97

,vmiam Dene, of Wallingford, Queynton, Reading, and Great Missenden, c. 1450, d. 1500. I J I I \Villiam A'Dene, John A'Dene,-:--Margaret Birth. Ralph A'Deane=Alys, ~I.P. for Wallingford. (Query, d. 15o8. of Britwells and Wal- ancestor of W. Dene, of Nether• lingford, d. 1535. cote,and Hugh, of Wokingham.) I -I William, Thoma..c;,--;- Margaret Dormer. 1527. of \Vargra ve. I l I I I I I I I John , M. Byrche, William, Henry-;· Mar- Thomas,-;-Alice, William Jobn Nicholas. 1532. I~, gery, of Hurst. I 542. RoberL (priest?) I M.P. d. (Query, of I 542. Hugh. 1551. London.) I I Nicholas, 1 I I I I I l I I I I 1595. Mar- Alice.: John , M. Ed· Robert. Henry. Thomas, Edward. Andrew. garet. : monds. I ofWoking- Alice. I (Query, John Harrie. him.. Tomasyne. Deane, of Sandleford? Richard, I 579. -I--1 1622.) I I William. Johna. John,=Alice Thomas, of I t~:: . 1630, Kanion, Reading. Thomas, 15g8. 1 of Mattingley. 1 of Hurst, '.Margaret 16o4. I I Aldworth. I William. Edward. I l I I I John. Edward. James, Thomas, , Agnes, Thomasyne. of Wokin,gham. , George.

John A'Dene, whose will was dated I 503, married Margaret, daughter of Sir Richard Birth and Margery Paganall, whose brother was one of Henry VI L's ~ix Clerks in Chancery. This was certainly the third intermarriage between Denes and Paynalls, Paganels, or Pownalls, an ancient family from Pownall Hall and Gawsworth Hall, Cheshire. In 1507 the travelling expenses of William A'Dene, senior, and others were paid to Westminster. In r508 William Dene was Mayor of Wallingford~ in 1513 and 1520 Member for the Borough. Amerced on lands, I 5 I 4, at the highest rate. Pays subsidy of 6s. 8d. and £8 on goods. Evidently a wealthy man; presumably the head of the family, and, it may be conjectured, as we know of no other wealthy descendants, the direct ancestor of William 13 98 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Deane, of Stukeley Manor; buried at Penn in 1600. He ,vas Collector of Subsidies in 1523. Ralph A'Deane, of \Vallingford and Britwell Salon1e, must have been his brother. In 1527 \Villian1 Dene,junior, was co-Collector of Sub­ sidies. In I 532 ,ve find him ( now termed "senior "), and \Villiam Dene, junior, was Member for \Vallingford, 1540, 1544, 1556. In I 5 5 I there is a list of church ornaments delivered over to the keeping of Mr. John Deane, J\1ayor, who v,as also a . subscriber to the new bridge at vVallingford. \Villiam A'Dene, M.P., left a legacy to Salisbury Cathedral, and was buried in vV allingford Church. From this time the name was commonly spelt Deane. John Deane married Margaret, daughter of John Edmundes, of Deddington, and had three sons and three daughters. Nicholas, the eldest, was filacer of Suffolk ; d.s.p. John inherited Mattingley. Thomas ,vas the wealthy clothier of Reading. The daughters, Anne Barnes, Margaret Stile, and Elizabeth, who married Dr. Rogers, D.D., Rector of Gaws­ worth, and son of the Protestant proto-martyr. Her arn1s are quartered on her tomb at Gawsworth with those of her husband. John Deane was born in Monkswell Street, just \Vithin the City walls, in a favourite quarter of London as it was then-a to\vn of lin1ited proportions, containing a great many fine houses. These houses are described as richly carved outside and handso1nely painted ,vithin. Among the inhabitants were Dean Colet, Sir Thomas l\Iore, Sir John Spencer, of Crosby Hall, John 11ilton's father, Sir Thomas Gresham, etc. l\1onkswell Street, spelt "l\1ogul" in the maps of that date, vvas in the parish of St. Olave's, Silver Street; and it was in that church John Deane was buried, dying in 1629. His wife Alice was the daughter of Sir Hugh Kanion, of Garton, Kent. His occupation was a combination of banking and lavv, he being what was termed a scrivener. About 1608 Henry Tam,vorth, of l\1attingley, Esq., died, leaving Aylwardine, Berks, and property in Lincolnshire, to John Deane, with reversion to his second son Thomas. The Tam,vorths were neighbours of the Deanes in London. In 1532 Thomas Tam,vorth, gentleman, one of his l\Iajesty's Dene of Wallingford a1zd High Wyco,nbe. 99

Auditors, left a house in High Holborn to the High Altar of St. Oliff's, Silver Street. In I 593 John Tan1worth, of London, Esq., left lands in various counties to his brother, Henry Tamworth, of Barnard's Inn. A witness is one of John Deane's clerks. John Deane erected a monument to rvir. Tamworth in Heckfield Church, with a long inscription:

"This portraiture which on this tomb you see, By my executor, John Deane, erected, Of my lost love a memorie may be, Which was the gift of all I had collected. To him and his all that I had I gave, Leaving unto myself naught but the grave," etc.

John Deane left three sons. Johns the eldest, succeeded to lands at Eversley, called Little Bramshill, and some at Heckfield. There is the will of a Christopher Deane, of Eversley, 1562, mislaid at the Registry of Winchester. In the elder John's will he bequeaths "seals engraved with the arms of my gentry" to each of his sons. St. Olave's, Silver Street, perished totally in the Great Fire of 1664, in which it is said all the Deanes' family papers were lost. Thomas Deane, of Mattingley, married Phrebe Handcock, of Cambridge. In his will he bequeathed corslet, headpiece, muskets, swords, halberds, etc., relics of the Civil \Vars. His son, Captain Thomas Deane, served with Fleetwood in Scotland in 1660, and was sent by him with offers to Charles I I. of that General's services, but Monk had been before him. The elder son John inherited Aylwardine and also twelve Apostle spoons from his grandmother Alice. The J\iattingley estate was sold at the death of his son John. The nan1e "I-Ienry Deane," ,vith the date 1608, was found cut in a stone in Winchester College. 1.. his may be attributed to the third son of John Deane, of l\iattingley. He settled in Ireland, and is described in his will as of Tully, Roscommon. He left lands to his son Francis which he had inherited from his father, "Mr. John Deane, of J\fattingley, Berks." His son .Edward died in 1686, and desired to be 13-2 100 Dene, Deane, Adeane. buried in the Cathedral Church of Elphin. He left several children. Thomas Deane, brother to the first of the name to own Mattingley, became one of the noted cloth manufacturers to whom the trading prosperity of the South-West of England was due. He was a great benefactor to the town of Reading, of which he was Mayor three times between 1590 and 1608. In 1571 he married Catherine Aldridge. He was the "Thomas of Reading " one of " Six Worthies of the West," the title of a book published in 1601. He bequeathed certain houses in trust to the Corporation for doles and alms to poor aged persons, who were to come from F rilsham and Y attenden 8 alternately; provision for fatherless children; and 20 • in bread yearly to the poor of St. Lawrence. Also a legacy to the parish of St. Giles for the express purpose of keeping his "Tomb-house in the churchyard in repair." "The Church­ wardens allowed this building to disappear, but the legacy is still duly received" ( 1855). His daughter and heir, l\'1argaret, married Richard Aldwarth, of Wargrave, ancestor of the Barons Braybrooke, who took the name of Neville. The arms of Margaret Aldwarth on her tomb at Wargrave are those registered as belonging to Deane of Mattingley, and prove, therefore, that for at least one generation they were in use before Mattingley came into the family. They are, Vert, on a chevron between jive mullets sable, three griffins' heads erased or,· but there is this difference, that the griffins hold in their beaks cross-crosslets-this connects the shield with the older one of Sir John of U pwood (for the 111ullets, see p. 75). FURTHER DETAILS CONCERNING THE WALLINGFORD FAMILY. In r 542 Alice Deyne, of Hurst, widow, dies. In 1575 Agnes Dene, or Deyne, widow, dies at Hurst. N.B.-Hurst, Binfield, and Wokingham lie together near Reading. In 1579 Richard Deane, of "Oakingham," leaves small bequests out of free land. To his son Thomas, " half of the lease- held of Mr. Staverton." Dene of Wallingford and High Wycombe. 101

The Stavertons were closely associated with the Deanes. Their estates were in Warfield, Ruscombe, Wokingham, and Waltham St. Lawrence, in each of which places Deanes owned property. Mary Staverton married Thomas Beavor, whose mother was Rachel, daughter of Richard Deane, of Wokingham, Charles I. Mr. Staverton, Lord of the Manor of Wokingham, witnessed Hugh Deane's will, and was present at his death in 1630. Hugh's son Tovye held a copyhold at Warfield from George Staverton, of Asbridge. Richard Deane (1579) left three daughters, Alice, Anne, and Elizabeth. His brother-in-law was Henry Medwin. He names John Deane in his will, who would be the one whose wife was Margaret Edmondes. In 1588 Francis Deane married Ellee Dosset at Reading. In 1598 Christopher Deane, of \Vokingham, leaves to his son, William Deane, a property in the town, which he had purchased of his father, Andrew Deane. Another house to his " wyf," and after to his son Edward. In 1604 Thomas Deane, the elder, of Arnstead Crosse, Hurst, makes bequest to Arbourfield Church, and leaves free­ hold property to his wife. His son John has land called Markong (?) ; Edward has Arborfield. His other children are James, Thomas, and Thomasyne. In 1623 Thomas Deane has a house at Wokingham; his wife is Agnes, his son George. In 1660 Thomas Dene, "aged about seventy-four," is buried at B infield. In 1675 John Deane, of Sandhurst, Esq., possesses houses at Wokingham. His will is witnessed by John and Lydia Harrison (Harrison of Hurst, connected with Deane of N ethercote ).

The pedigree of Sotwell, of Greenham, Berks (Visitation, 1623), names Edward Deane, 1500-1540, descended by his mother from the Seymour family. Among the fifteen quarter­ ings of Sotewell, Deane is the fourth, brought into the family by Jane, daughter and heir of Edward. She may have been co-heiress with fvlrs. Clopton. A stone with these arms cut in it ,vas formerly in the paven1ent of Greenham Church, but 102 Dene, Deane, Adeane. met with the usual unscrupulous treatment at the hands of the "restorer," being "removed" with the rest of the pavement. In August 30, 1532, Sir Ed,vard Deen (another variety in spelling) ,vas one of a company of Lords and Knights accom­ panying Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, from Calais to Picardy, "breyning manie towns, castles, and villages till they came to Hedin, and that town they breynt, and laid siege to the Castell, but won it not. From thence they went to the Castell of Sum, breynning and destroying"; and so on. There were some honoured names among these brigands­ Sir Thomas More and Sir Anthony Browne. In 1622 John Deane, of Sandleford, Berks, married Eleanor Sotwell. He died in 1640, leaving three sons, Richard, William, and Thomas. He left a legacy to the church of Sandleford, near Newbury, where he was born, for a bell, and another for the san1e purpose to St. George's Chapel, \Vindsor. Besides Sandleford, he left lands at Greenham and at Little Samborne, Hants; also Binfield Meade, held on lease from Mr. Sandys of the Vyne. The evidence of one or two wills goes to connect him with the Hampshire Deanes, and it is uncertain to ,vhich of the two stocks he belonged paternally ; but, in point of fact, inter­ marriage from time to time has brought unavoidable con­ fusion with it, and unless the arms are recorded, or property has gone from father to son, doubt must exist on some points. H u1nphrey Dolman was overseer to this ,vill. This family was descended from Thomas Dolman, an eminent clothier, Sheriff of Berks I 588, who built the curious Elizabethan house occupied by the family, called Shaw Place. Here he entertained the Queen, and it was the headquarters of Charles I. before the Battle of N e\vbury. A hole in the panelling of a room is (or was) the result of a r11usket-shot aimed through the windo,v at the King. Dorothy Dolman married Anthony Blagrave in 1623, and so became the ancestress of some of the '' Lion and Crescent " Deanes. Ann, wife of Harry Austin Deane, and daughter of Henry Deane, of Reading, was concerned in a Chancery suit as to the will of Sir Thomas Dolman about r 739. Crondall, Hampshire.

HE name of Dene is found at Crondall in the reign of Elizabeth, when Robert Dene held the Manor. The arms prove the descent of this family, as they are the 2 bars with canton conjoined. In 1672 Nicholas Deane is named, and in I 716 a Nicholas Deane appears in the Fines Roll, I George I I., paying on lands. In 173 I lvlary, wife of Robert Deane, Esq., was buried in Crandall Church ; also their only son, Robert The arms on this monument are 2 bars canton conjoined, impaling a chevron between 3 wolves' heads erased. Now, as there seems to be the same confusion between griffins' and wolves' heads as there is between griffins and dragons, this conjunction is -particularly interesting to the "Griffin Deanes." In the Harleian MSS. the arms on 1fargaret Rogers' tomb, intended for those of Deane of !v1attingley, are described as bearing" 3 wolves' heads erased.'' Despite most diligent research, we are still in the dark about these arms. The name " Nicholas " reminds us that this, as well as Robert, \Vas popular in the vVallingford family. In 1727 Robert Deane, gentleman, late of Crondall, appears in the Common Rolls. In 1730 Robert Deane, the younger, late of Crandall, maltster, appears in the Common Pleas. 104 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

In 17 40 Robert Deane, of Crondall, Esq., had some litiga­ tion concerning property in Golden Square, apparently claimed by his wife against a certain Colman. He married Mary Beale, of Old Brentford, in the parish of Ealing, Middlesex. The said Mary died in 1 73 I, leaving all her property to her husband. The crest of Beall is a Demi-wolf sa. holding in pale a spear-head. In 1741 Richard Deane seems to have come into the property. He has a nephew, Nicholas -Deane. In 1750 (Greenly, 227) Robert Deane, of Crondall, Esq., dies. He has a cousin, Nicholas Deane, a distiller at Dorking. Robert, son of Nicholas, is named. Julianna Deane is executrix. Deanes of London.

N 1322 the will is proved of Symon Deynes, of St. Mary, Colechurch. In 1345 Ralph Deynes, "Citizen and Ironmonger," St. Mary, Colechurch. He possessed property in St. Olave's, Jewry. In 1362 Edward Deyne, of the Iron­ mongers' Company. Buried in St. Thomas's, Aeon. In 1363 Henry Deynes, son of John Deyne, to be buried in St. Olave's, Jewry. This spelling of the name is found in the Hur$t and Wokingham families. Sir John de Dene, of Wallingford, 1285, also seems to have spelt his name occasionally in that way, although he is also " Deen.'' There was, in fact, no rule at the time when Knights '' made their mark,, and the pen was the monopoly of clerks. This, however, had ceased to be the case when the wills of the sixteenth century were made, so that it seems correct to place these entries in connection with the Wallingford family, especially as we find a "Symon" and a " Ralph " among them. At the same time, we may observe that there was a Deane of the Ironmongers' Company in 1572, who was connected with the family of " Stile," who, again, were connected with the Deanes of Guyting Poer, i".e., the regicide's family. . In 1413 '' Henry Dene, a Lollard.'' William Dene was an adherent of Sir John Oldcastle's. 106 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

In 1431 in St. Bennet's Church, Gracechurch Street, was the following inscription: "Pray for ye soulys of Henry Denne and Joane, his wyfe ; their fadyrs, their modyrs, their broders, and all good frendys." Lansdowne MSS., 1529. In St. Peter's Church, Cheap­ side, is noticed in 161 1 " a little brasse monument on a pillar, the Arms broken out ": " William Deyne, ' Citizen and Goldsmith,' of London, and Margaret, his wife, wh William th th ob. 29 Sept., 1529,,, and ye said Margaret died ye 20 day of ye same month . This member of the Goldsmiths' Company probably belonged to the other Deanes, but Margaret Deane, who for some reason is supposed to have been his daughter-in-law, was the widow of William Dane, Sheriff, of the Ironmongers' Company 1570. She was a great benefactor to that Com­ pany and also to charities, leaving £5 a year for a poor scholar at Oxford, and the same to assist in founding a Grammar School at Bishop's Stortford. She was buried in St. Margaret's, Friday Street. Her own arms, erroneously described as those of Deane, were on her monument : Or a chevron azure between 3 hinds statant gules. On the Records of the Honourable Company of Grocers the name appears early and late : 1475, Henry Dene. 151·2, Robert Dene. 1537, Robert Deane. 1544, Edward Deane. 1621, William Deane. 1670, James Deane. 1789, Charles Meredith Deane. 1818, John Bathurst Deane. 1864, Hugh Pollexfen Deane. In I 540 Robert Dene, "Citizen and Grocer," died. He desired that he should be buried in an honest manner, without pride, in the parish church of St. Benet Shorog. His wife, Agnes, and his children to share his effects, household stuffs, etc., according to the custom of London; £ro to repair Deanes of London. 107 church. Bequests for repair of " gardine '' and hall, and for a dinner. Four of the " sounder betters " labouring for the Grocers' Company c;1.re to carry him to the church. Sir William and Lady Hollys, Philip Yorke, Henry Lennard, etc., are legatees. The house in which he dwelt is (in accordance with the usual fashion of signs) called H The Gryffyne." He.leaves lands in Bucks to his daughter Grace, who married William Hobby (Hoby of Wraysbury, Bisham, etc.), and to his three sons lands in the counties of Warwick and Leicester. Unfortunately no name is given to the lands in Bucking­ hamshire. Lands at Isleworth named. A cope is to be bought in Flanders for the church of Southam (?), Notts. In 1566 Sir Thomas Hoby (or Hobbie) was Ambassador to France. In 1558 his father, Sir Philip Hobbye, bequeathed the Manor of Wraysbury, etc., with others in Gloucestershire, to his wife. He held the advowson of Willersey, on the borders of Worcestershire and Gloucester, which was held by John Deane {" Lion and crescents") early in the eighteenth century. Edward Deane (Robert's son) made his will in 1555, died 1556-" of Beauman Lane, Leicester, gentleman." He left bequests to St. Bennet Sherog's, to Christ's Hospital, and Lymehouse. His brother William lived in Templar's Walk, Leicester, and owned Austen's Mills, and a farm at Bristoe. His wife, Christian Dryver, was to take "such horses as she shall of her pleasure like," with other effects. Failing his brother, his lands were to go to Grace Hobbie. In 1560 William Deane died, and was buried in St. Mary's Church, Leicester Castle. He left seven children. His wife was Margaret. To his children he left the lease of Barkley Glen, the new " Marke ,, House only excepted. In 1560 Dame Elizabeth Hoby, of Wyrardsburye, died, leaving that Manor to Sir Walter Welche. Her two daughters were also named W elche.

One of this family was a very unpopular Mayor of 14-2 108 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Leicester, " Deane, Deane, double Deane (?)," who cut down trees and enclosed common land. C£rca 1500 a Symon Deane was buried in St. Sepulchre's. In 1516 his brother Robert, "Citizen and Brewer," was also buried there. He is called "Dane." In 1590, in the will of Sir James Ramsay, "Citizen and Grocer," of the parish of St. Mary, W oolnoth, he leaves £ 5 .apiece to " my cosen, Richard Dane," George Dane, and their sisters. The Forbury estate, Reading, sold by Colonel Charles Deane, is said to have been purchased by a Robert Deane, who lived in St. Mary Axe, London. The church of St. Andrew U ndershaft, is in St. Mary Axe. In 1559, July 16, Christopher Deane buried there. In 1563, September-, Jane, daughter of-- Denne. Also Thomas Deene. In 1558 William Deane married Elizabeth Montford. At the same church we find in 1429 the burial of Thomas Denny, son of Robert Denny, Esq. His son is William, his daughter Joan. In 1633 died John Deane, Fellow of New College: educated at Winchester. He is not unlikely to have been the eldest son of Thomas Deane, of Arborfield, Hurst. Gomersall, a student of Christchurch, and a minor poet of the day, calls him "my worthy friend," and wrote his epitaph: "Nature, will it ever be That we must complain of thee ? Shall then all our search ne'er find Age at least to worth assigned? And this constant truth be known, Virtue dead as soon as gone ! ( Qy. born). "Happy Deane, then, who may'st call Thirty climacterical. And in spite of envy's sport, Prove thy good life by thy short. Thus when others that do dye Old, or in their infancye, Must, if our Divines say true, Be transformed and shaped anew, Deanes of London.

That at length they may appear Much about our Saviour's year ; For in Heaven there never shall Enter either old or small, Since that these can ne'er agree, Weakness and Eternity. Thou, dear Shadow, need'st not have Any wonder in the grave Done for thee-nor think upon Further augmentation. Reader, he that herein lies Dy'd as old as he shall rise."

"To HIS DETRACTORS. "Deane-than which none other name Is of better or more fame- Sleepe in quiet, if there be Tongues of that malignity That will dare to wound thy grave, And not suffer thee to have Slumber there. I'll say no more ! May they, when they have play'd o'er All their scenes of life, but know The same rigor that they show.''

ExTRACTS FROM Two WILLS. These relate to Wallingford, and conclude this division. John A'Dene, whose will was dated in 1503, 19 King Henry VI I., desires to be buried in the church of St. Mary, Wallingford, after committing· his- s_oul to Almighty God, our Lady St. Mary, and all the holy Company of Hevyn. He bequeathed a cope of silk with flowers of silk work, a crosse and a staffe of coper over-gilt, and divers auter-cloths to the church. To each of his children a silver spoone; the profits of his saveron (saffron) ground for a Christmas dinner to the poor. All other possessions divided equally among his children.

In 1532 Margery Byrche is to be buried in the chapel of St. Nicholas in Wallingford Castle, with a ryal of gold for her burial. To her daughter Margaret, and John Arlene, her husband, all lands and tenements, sett and lying within and without the Honour of Great Wycombe; also land at Great 110 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Kimball, Little Kimball, and Hamdon. They are to find an honest priest to say mass for her soul, her husband's, and all her friends for the space of half a year in the chapel of St. Mary's Grace in Wallingford, and provide a stone to lay on her grave with her arms cut in it. The arms of Burche are "Quarterly or and azure," and for Devonshire, "Sable a fesse between 3 birch-leaves argent" (more modern). Adeane of Chalgrove and Babraham.

F~~~~~_;j~SilN I 280 John de la Dene, whom we may take to be Humphrey de Bohun's seneschal and Lord of Newnham Murren, has lands in the vill of Britwell Sollum (see Wallingford).• In 1507 Raffe, or Radulphus, A'Dene is named in the will of Henry Deane, of Swin­ combe, Alderbury, and Little Ricote as " my cousin" (doubtless nephew). This Henry had a son Richard. Raffe A'Deane's will was made in 1528, and proved in 1534. '' Ralph A'Deane, of the parish of our Lady of Newnham Murren, in the diocese of Lincoln, in goode mynd~ and remembrance," leaves legacies to the church of Newnham, and the mother-church of Lincoln; to Bridgman of Walling­ ford for repairs to the church of Bensington, to St. Peter's, Wallingford, Mingford Church, and Frithstoke. To his sons, Henry and Richard, each 100 sheep, and houses and gardens in Wallingford. His daughter Alys is to share in the rents To his son William all his lands and tenements in the city of Oxford, and the Manor of Newnham Murren, which he took on lease from the Earl of Suffolk in 15 19. Failing the others, his son John is to have all. To his ,vife Alys he bequeaths his farm in Newnham * A parchment deed of Edward I. in Latin states that Robert le Francklyn gives to Henry Staveleye land in the vill of Britthwelle between the lands of John de Dene and Stephen Burdell. r r 2 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Murren for the remainder of the lease. Newnham was part of the Lordship of Ewelm. His executors and witnesses were John Parkyns, gentleman ; Thoman Denton, gentleman ; Richard Rundell, Vicar of Chokey; and Rafe Brooke, Thomas Frewyn, husbandman; his wife, and son John. In 1561 John seems to have come into the property, for in his will, proved 1661, he leaves to his son, Ralph A'Deane, freeholds and copyholds in Watlington, and the property at Britwell Salome. There are legacies to his son Henry, his daughters, and son-in-law, John Symon, also· to his late wife's son, Harrie Deane. In 1566 Simon A'Deane's will is proved at Oxford. His wife is Margaret. "Ipsden '' is named.

BAPTISMAL CER'f.IFICATES AT BRITWELL SALOME BEGIN WITH

I 57 4. John, the son of Ralph Dean. _ 1577. Thomas, the son of Ralph Deane. 1580. Symon Dean, the son of Ralph Deane. 1583. Robert. . · 1587. Ralph Dean. 1593. Maria, and 1599. Elizabeth, daughters of John A'Deane. 1603. Thomas, the son of John Deane. 1607. Jane. 1610. John, son of John A'Deane. 1615. Mary, daughter of Ralph A'Deane and Margaritt. { 1617. Jane. 1624. Anne, daughter of Henrie Adeane and Elizabeth. 1626. Mary. 1627. Joane.

BURIALS. 1607. Ralph Adeane. 16 I 3. John Adeane. 1620. John, son of Henry Adeane. 1623. Jane, daughter of Henry. 1628. Elizabeth, his wife. Adeane of Cha/grove and Babraham. 113

1641. Thomas Adeane, of Chalgrove. 1643. Ralph Adeane. ,, I 664. Margaritt Adeane, widow.

MARRIAGES. 1633. Mr. Edmund Gregory and Mary Adeane. 1640. Mr. Leonard Bowman and Jane Adeane. Exchequer Rolls, 1581. Raffe A'Deane, of Brotwell Sul- ham, on goods 401 xv8 viiid. " Ralphe Deane" I 599. He died 1607. In 1611 John Adeane pays subsidy. In 1615 Ralph a Deane is his son and heir. Ralph and Henry pay subsidies at Brotwell Sulham. Same date Thomas Adeane, of Chalgrove, pays iiij. Thomas Adeane in lands at Watlington 1li. In 1616 Symonde A'Deane, of Watlington, dies. His brothers are Ralph, of Brotwell Sulham, and Thomas, of Chalgrove; his sister Jane Chibnall. Thomas Adeane, of Chalgrove, married Elizabeth Barry, of Thame; Barry arms, '' Per pale azure and gules 2 lZ:ons passant gardant or.'' In 1629, 1639, Ralph and Henrie Adeane pay subsidy at Britwell Salome. Thomas and Richard pay subsidy at Chalgrove and Watlington. Richard was perhaps an elder brother of Simon, who next pays subsidy alone for Watlington. In 1621 Ralph Quartermayne leaves his farm at Chalgrove to his mother, Jane Chibnall, and £ 20 to his uncle, "Thomas Deane." Humphrey and Thomas Aylworth, witnesses. Ralph and Thomas paid subsidies at Princes Risborough. Ralph's sons were Thomas and Matthew. Thomas, termed '' Deane als Adeane," was complained of by the Earl of Berkshire as one of those who " stood refractory to their command for finding money for the enter­ tainment allowed the Muster." He died 1641. He bought with his "sister Chibnall's money for her use" the Manor House in Princes Risborough, called Brook House. 15 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

In 1632 the arms of Simon Adeane were placed in a window of Chalgrove Church-" Vert between 3 griffins' heads erased or, a chevron bearing 3 mullets sable." In 1634 Ralph Adeane died, and was buried with his brother Thomas in the church at Britwell Salome. In 1662 we find Ralph Adeane at Princes Risborough. His sons were Thom~? and Matthew ; his father--in-law, Mr. Abraham, of Wingraye. In 1682 Thomas Deane is of Wingrave and Risbro'. His mother is Jane Berenger ; his cousin, Richard Halford ; his kinsman, Pigott of Liscombe. In 1686 Simon Adeane, the elder, of Watlington, gentle.. man, leaves a ring to his brother-in-law, Robert Whorwood, another to Lady Harrison (Dorothy Deane, of Nethercote), and a third to his cousin, Mrs. Alice Aldworth (daughter of Margaret Deane, niece to John Deane, of Mattingley). This will is particularly interesting, as it brings into connection the three families of the griffin arms, z:e., as now borne, Dorothy being the last of the N ethercote barry branch. The manorial rights of Watlington have for long been divided among several families, one of which must formerly have been the Adeanes. A son-in-law o( Sin1on Adeane's was one of the Tippings* of Oxfordshire, another was Pencroke. In 1637 King Charles I. conveyed the Manor of Princes Risborough to Chibnall. In 1653 Ralph Adeane conveyed the Manor to F. Stephens for ros. ; and in 1672 Francis, Lord Hawley, etc., issued by indenture a fee farm rent of £84 4s. 7¼cl., to Sir Peter Lely, of the Manor of Princes Risborough, payable to the heir of Admiral Richard Deane, showing that the regicide's heirs had been undisturbed in their inheritance. Oxford Heraldic Visitation, 1634, "Mr. Adane of Ewelm,, appears as "out of warning." This is pronounced unin­ telligible by one of the Kings-at-Arms, unless it meant that he had disregarded an injunction, and was too late to show proof of his right to bear arms. * Sir \Villiam Tipping, of Wheatfields, created a Baronet, 1698. Bar­ tholomew Tipping founded the Grammar School at Stokenchurch. Adeane of Cha/grove and Babraham. I 15

Simon A' Deane, of Chalgrove, married Mary, daughter of John Whorwood, Esq. There is a good mural monument to her brother Robert in St. Ebbe's Church, Oxford, of I 688, with the arms carved above a Latin inscription. He was the second son of John Whorwood, of the ant-iquce fam£lia of Whorwood, co. Stafford. . His sister and executrix was Mary Adeane, with. her husband Simon.

General James Adeane, of Chalgrove, married Anne, daughter and heir of Robert Jones, of Babraham, M.P. for Huntingdon. She was only sixteen, and did not ask per­ mission of her father, whose choice would not have fallen on the young soldier, but on the Duke of Chandos, who was also suitor for the heiress's hand. In I 767 Mr. Jones pulled down the old house, Babra­ ham Place,* which is fully described in a paper among the Harleian MSS. '' Babraham Place, built I 5 76, is one of the finest old Gothic houses in the country. It had to the chief front three noble round bow-windows, the middle one above a fine stone portico which led into a large hall. Over that was a long gallery the whole length of the front. There was a small court in the centre of the house. In the middle of the large * Palavicini, an old Italian family, formerly settled here in Queen Mary's time. One of this family built the old house at Chelford, and his arms are cut in marble over the chimneypiece of the hall of the great house at Babraham : Cheque or and az., 5 offirst, 4 of second, a ragged staff sable for Palavicini. Epitaph in church at Shelford ( now disappeared) : '' Here lies the body of that truly noble and religious gentleman Horatio Palavicini." He died in 1648. " Here lies Horatio Palavazene, \-Vho robbed the Pope to pay the Queen.

He was a thiefe ! L~ Thiefe-thou liest ! For why? He robbed but Anti-Christ. Him Death wyth besom swept from Babram Into the bosom of old Abraham. But then came Hercules with his Clubb And struck him down to Beelzebub." The widow of Sir H. Palavicini married Sir Oliver Cromwell, uncle to the Protector, a year and a day after her husband's death. 15-2 116 Dene, Deane, Adeane. court, which was very spacious, stood a most beautiful stone aviary finely decorated with pillars and carvings. At the grand entrance stood a tall turret with a clock, and noble piers with stone eagles on them." '' Babraham Place was most like Crewe Hall of any place I have seen" (Cole). In the Harleian MSS. there is a letter of John Hallyer, pastour of Babram, to his congregation, written after his sequestration and condemnation '' for holding erroneous opinions." He was burnt at Cambridge.

The Whorwoods, who intermarried with both Deanes and Adeanes, had property in Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire. In 1552 Owen Whorwyode bequeathed Estlade Farm, Guyting Poer, and another at Nether Guyting, to his wife Isabel ; and his lease in the '' parke " of Henley to his son John ; other property to his son William.

SUBSIDIES 23 ELIZABETH, 1581, SHIERBORNE, OxoN. Richard A dean, iiijli vs/ xiij. 16 October, 1 599. Richarde Deane, iijli xiij. 8 1620. Richard Adeane, vli x • 1628. Richard Adean, iijli viijs. 8 1641. Richard Adeane, iijli xvj • Chalgrove and E welm were attached to the Manor of Wallingford after Wolsey's downfall, when castle and manor were divided. Deane of Dyne's Hall, Great Maplestead, Essex. rras~t~~~~YNE'S, or Dene's, Hall was originally the .~,,P];}._... - · property of the Denes of Deene. In the time of Edward 11. it was owned by Sir John. Sir Henry also held property near this place, but in Norfolk. The William Deane who purchased the estate in the reign of Elizabeth does not appear to belong to the family of the Fesse dancette, as his arms were Sable, a Jesse, changed by him to ermine, and placed between three '' marriage chaplets." Henry Deane, of Tamworth, Lancashire, married a daughter of Sir Richard Greenacres, of Lane, in the reign of Elizabeth. Their sons were : 1. John Deane, of Tunnworth (died 1574), who married a daughter of -- Holte, Esq. He had a son John, 158 5. 2. WILLIAM DEANE, of Gosfield and Dyne's Hall, who was in the household of the Bishop of Winchester, probably as page, and as esquire in that of Lord Maltravers. He married, first, Ann Egerton, of Wall Grange, and, secondly, Ann, widow of Hugh, l.,ord Maltravers, and daughter and heir of Sir John Wentworth, of Cobham, Essex. His son by his first ma.rriage, Sir John Deane ( died 162 5), was buried with his wife in the chapel of the church of Great Maplestead. The Knight, a full-sized figure in alabaster, reclines ·on his right elbow. On a slab of black 118 Dene, Deane, Adeane. marble above him_ are his wife and eight children, small figures, but well executed. The monument to Lady Deane is very beautiful. Her soul as a draped figure finely wrought in white Itaiian marble is represented ascending to heaven, two small angels stooping to receive her holding a golden crown above her head. At her feet reclines her son, Sir Dru Deane, in armour, his head leaning on his hand, his helmet with the bear's-head crest beside him. An inscription above the head of Sir John is in gold letters in Latin. By his feet is another in English : " Let Posterity know Sir John Deane, of Dines Hall, Great Maplestead, in the county of Essex, Knight. One of the Deputy Lieutenants and Justices of the Peace in the same shyre, who was descended from the worthy family of Deane of Lancashire, and who match' d with Mrs. Ann Drury, of the honourable tribe of the Drurys of Riddlesworth, in Norfolk, by whom he had six daughters and two sons: 1. Kate. dyed on the 17th day 5. John 2. DRU. 6. Dorcas. of FebY in ye year of bis life 45, 3. Anne. 7. Frances. and in ye year of grace 1625. 4. Elizabeth. 8. Mildred. " His parts and person were admirable. Dessert and he were Twynnes. His pietye was the fountain of his actions, and his Heade was the seat of Equity. Truth was the best interpreter of his words. His meditations were wholly bounded in Heaven. His Charitye asked twyce to give, and gave no tyme for asking. Ye pleasures of his life were ye passages of virtue. Death was his triumph, not his conqueror. He was buried in ye teares of ye faithful, and shall rise in ye joy of ye righteous. To whose perpetual memory Anne Deane, his eldest daughter, did make and dedicate this inscription ; who marryed Sir Anthony Wingfield, of Hetberingham, Suffolk, Bart. "Anno D. . 1628." The inscription on the monument of Lady Deane is as follows: " Lady Deane, who lived ye faithful wife and dyed ye constant widow of Sir John Deane, of Gt Maplestead, in ye County of Essex, Knight. "Let no sorrowe forget that she departed this life on ye 25 th May, 1633. " Her Shape was rare, her Beauty exquisite, Her Wytte accurate, Her Judgment singular. Her Entertainment hearty, Her Conversation lovely, Her Heart merciful, Her Hand helpful, Her courses modest, Her discourses wise, ..fi_.,.,1:,,_

J➔ ~ -.4; 4.! f,,;. ~ ~ o! ~--Jf~J{ .i 9,.~ ~ r~~~-~~t...r., r~~- 120 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Her Charity heavenly, Her Amity constant, Her Practise holy, Her Religion pure, Her vowes Laweful, Her 1VIeditations divine, Her faythe unfeigned, Her Hope stable, Her Prayers devout, Her Devotion diurnal, Her dayes short, Her Life eternal. To whose beloved memory Sir Dru Deane, her eldest son, Here prostrate at her feet, erects This Monument April 14, 1634,."

Sir Dru Deane, named after his uncle, Sir Dru Drury, married Lady Lucy Goring, daughter of the Earl of Norwich. Unhappily, Dyne's Hall was lost through the folly and avarice of Anthony, eldest son of the excellent Sir Dru. In 1630 he exchanged it with £9,335 for Hyde Park, which, after the execution of King Charles, had been sold or granted to Colonel Sparrowe. Finding his bargain bad, he resorted to the wretched expedient of charging a shilling entrance to all coaches and carriages, for which John Evelyn calls him "a mean fellow." At the Restoration Hyde Park was demanded for its rightful owner, and of course no compensation was given. Anthony Deane had two sisters : Anne, married to Sir Anthony Wingfield, of Hetheringham ; Elizabeth to a Tyndall. From this point to 1725, when John Deane, of Bengal, claimed, and was allowed to bear, the Maplestead arms, with the difference of the fesse embattled, there would have been a blank, had it not been most strangely filled in by the fallowing true history : Early in the reign of Queen Ann, when England was waging war, and Marlborough gaining his victories in the Low Countries, there was a shipwreck off Harwich, in which the sole survivors appear to have been two little boys, aged about six and seven, who were inL charge of a man-servant. The man must have been drowned and his body recovered, for he was found to be wearing a livery with the crest of "a bear' s head harnessed " on the buttons. The children said that their names were William and Richard Deane, and that Deane if Dyne's Hall. 121 they were being sent by their grandfather in Holland to relatives in England-they believed in Essex; but as was to be expected in those days and in time of war, no one took steps to trace their family on either side of the Channel. The town of Harwich then apprenticed the poor children to a baker. Richard died, but William survived the rough experience ; and the baker, dying after a time, bequeathe~ a fortune to the young man, with which he bought a farm.

He married, and then thought of making inquiries at th~ Heralds' College, where he found that the muzzled bear was the crest of Deane of Dyne's Hall. His son William married Sarah--. Their sons were William and Henry. William married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Henry Sewell, of Aston Hall, Esq., High Sheriff for Suffolk. Elizabeth's mother was a Miss Bowering, one of co-heiresses who were painted by Gainsborough. Their mother, Patience Firmin, who married . Thomas Bowering of Woodbridge, was described on her tomb as the " sweet and glorious wife " of the said Thomas, " a being compounded of all loveliness." Henry was a lawyer in Harwich; his grandson Henry married Miss Grant, of Moneymusk. William's sons were, again, William and Henry, the latter a chaplain in the Honourable East India Company's Service. 1. The Rev. William Deane, born 1789, died in 1854 at Hintlesham, near· Ipswich, married Elizabeth Christian, daughter of General Robert Anstruther, grand-daughter of Sir Robert Anstruther, of Balcaskie, Fife, Bart., of the Grenadier Guards, who fell at Corunna. Their children were : William, Rector of Hintlesham ; Roland-Anstruther; Frederic-Thorne; Charlotte; Mary Louise, married Major Edward Stanley, of Rhoscrowther ; Eleanor, married General Catty, of Hill Green Manor. Frederic-Thorne married Claribel Dickenson, and resides in the U.S.A. Their two sons are Hamilton-Anstruther, born 1895; William Sewell, born 1896.

16 122 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

2. The Rev. Henry Deane, married Aurora, daughter of Colonel Lewis. They have seven sons : i. Richard, Colonel of Mounted Police, married Margaret Rideout. Their children are Richard, Henry, etc. ii. George, married Jessie Lorimer, and has six children. He is Colonel of 13th Bengal Lancers. iii. Major Harold Deane, Political Officer, dis­ tinguished by his ·services at Malakand and Chitral. Married Gertrude, daughter of Colonel Roberts. Three children. . iv. Charles. v. Bernard, Colonel of 3rd Madras Lancers. vi. Herbert, Army Medical Staff. vii. Albert, in Australia.

Mrs. Henry Deane, of Colchester (Miss Grant) left £13,000 to endow a church. This branch of the family made large fortunes in Australia. One of them left £36,000 for Church charities. The last Henry Deane left £13,000 among nineteen first cousins. Deane of Stukeley and N ethercote.

N 1297 Sir John de Dene, of Upwood, was Commissioner for Array in Hunts and Cam­ bridgeshire. In 1301 he sat in Parliament at Lincoln for eight days as Knight of those shires. He was also one of the Justices in Oyer and Tenures for Huntingdonshire. Either he or his son, who bore the same name, was one of King Edward's Bannerets in 1328 ; and was at the Battle of Boroughbridge in the division commanded by Sir Andrew Harcla, which arrived on the field at a critical moment and turned the scale in favour of the King. He married Matilda, daughter and heir of Robert de Kernsley, with whom he had the Manor of Stukeley. In 1343 Sir John, his son and heir, is of Upwood, Hunts. Their arms were " de argent 2 barres de sable, sur !es barres 3 creusules pate d' or." We may take it that it was the Sir John of 1297 who was summoned to military service for his estates in Ireland, i.e., Dromore. In 1600 the arms claimed and registered by William Deane, of N ethercote and Stukeley Manors, were Or 2 bars w£thin a bordure sable. Here we see the two bars of the original shield without the crosses, and with the border aenoting a younger son. Unfortunately the pedigree at 16-2 124 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Heralds' College is, as usual, only long enough to establish the claim to arms of the man who signs the Heralds' Visi- tat1on.• The result of close investigation gives good presumptive evidence of the descent of the Deanes of N ethercote, including Hugh Deane, who died at Wokingham 1630. We may take it that it is through a younger son of Sir John de Dene, to whom his property at Wallingford descended, who would be the William Dene who represented High Wycombe in 1363. High Wycombe and West Wycombe are named in several wills, down to that of WILLIAM DEANE, of Am~rsham, who, dying in 1600., desired to be buried at Penn with his "father and ancestors." An earlier William was buried there in I 562. He leaves to his wife Mary the house she lives in, and a house at Penn Church. He has two sons, John and Thomas. John has two sons, Richard, '' his heir," and John. Rychard A'Deane was buried at Penn 1599. In 1601 another Richard Deane of Penn died, leaving property to his brothers, Thomas and John, and to his son-in­ law, Henry Shrimpton. In 1592 we find a Juliana Bates, als Deane, als Shrimpton, of Great Marlow. There was also a John Deen, of Great Marlow, 1557 {see Mattingley). · In 1620 Silvester Deane, of Coleshill, near Amersham, left a farm at Penn to his son Robert, and to "John, the son of my son John." The residue to his son William. William Deane, of Amersham, married Elizabeth Leigh, or Lee, of a branch of the Stoneleigh family (pedigree in MSS. British Museum). His two sons named in the Heraldic pedigree were William and Hugh. The latter died s.p. In his will, however, he leaves property at Great Marlow to his son Christopher, perhaps the son of a second marriage, who, again, appears in the will of his sister-in-law, Isabella, in connection with property belonging to her and her son. Christopher left a daughter Susan. His nephew was Thomas Tristram, who had bequeathed a legacy of £50 to him. One of the witnesses to the will of William Deane, of l!IISDZLlfW-_,IIIDD, IIIIIIDUl"fJIIJlft'OIIN"­ i.lalC& 111iat,, wa.iJUI DGIII ta wmaom ..,.llllftall:a ,_~~ 1'0 ...1m.LIAMWl 'Dlll'Llftf HIUJWiJJ.st Gf u;,, r

TK[ MONUMENT OF W! DEANE Of' NETHERCOTT IN L(Wl(NQR tHURtR OXON Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Amersham, was Edmund Waller, who lived at Hall Barn, six miles from High Wycombe. A great deal of landed property was entailed on William, the eldest son, but he bought the estate of N ethercote, in the parish of Lewknor, from the Whitton family in circa 1611. He married Isabell, daughter of Sir William Whorwood (see Adeane), and died young in 1620, leaving a son William and a daughter Dorothy. Isabell Deane, when a widow, went to live in the parish of St. Olave's, Silver Street. We may suppose that the neigh­ bourhood of John Deane, of Mattingley, was what drew the young widow to that particular parish. He was possibly their best known cousin, though cousins of the name abounded in the three counties of Berks, Oxon, and Bucks. " Cousin John Deane" is named in her husband's will. At her death, only four years after that of her husband, a fine monument was erected to them both in Lewknor Church (see plate). This tomb was narrowly saved from complete destruction, the B£shop having consented to its be£ng broken up. Sir James Parker Deane, Q.C., Vicar-General to the Archbishop of Canterbury, who heard of the proposed desecration through Mr. Bathurst Deane, threatened legal proceedings. A sub­ scription was then raised in the family for its preservation, but the canopy was taken down for some reason, and the wrought-iron rail removed. The latter was purchased by the Rev. J. Bathurst Deane, and placed round the tomb of his mother in Syston churchyard, Gloucestershire, where he and his wife now lie buried. Opposite the monument of William and Isabell is the still more sumptuous one of Sir Thomas Fleetwood, who married a sister of Isabell's. A third sister married Sir William Leigh, an ancestor of Lord Leigh of Stoneleigh. The overseers of William Deane's will were John, Bishop of London, Sir J. Chamberlayne, Chief Justice of Chester (N.B.-Thomas Harrison, 1574, married Elizabeth Chamber­ layne), Sir F. Stowe, and -- Dayrell, Esq. To each of these he left a piece of plate worth 50 marks. Sir Thomas Fleetwood witnessed the will. He left Stukeley Manor, lands in Stoke Chearsley, and others to his wife for her life. Deane of Stukeley and Nethercote. 127

In 1644 his son and heir, William, went abroad, probably for his health, and died young, unmarried. He made ~is sister Dorothy his heir, bequeathing a small piece of property to his '' uncle Whorwood." Lands at W arborough, Ovington, and Alnersdiston were left, with N ethercote. Dorothy married Sir Richard Harrison, whose grand­ mother was Mary, daughter of Richard Deane, of Woking­ ham. The Harrison family were of Whistley and Hinton, Berks, and their tombs are in Hurst Church. Dorothy died in 1690.

Ashmole names a HUGH DEANE, of N ethercote, whose father was '' John, or Robert.'' This accounts for the name of William's brother "Hugh," who must have been his nephew. Oral tradition through several long-lived generations, down to Miss lVIary Deane, of Waltham St. Laurence, reported that " old Hugh Deane called William Deane of Nethercote cousin," i.e., nephew. This is borne out by the evidence of deeds and pictures in the possession of the elder male line of Hugh's descendants. These have to do with · Lees, Harrisons, and others.

The Beavor monument at Wokingham is a large and singular edifice, on which, about a hundred years later than the date of the involved cluster of kinsfolk it commemorates, a rambling inscription was placed, which is traditional and partly erroneous. It contains, however, some useful infor­ mation. Among the names recorded are those of'' Mary, sister of George Staverton, of this parish, Esq."; "Richard Deane, of Wokingham, gentleman ;'' " Mary Beavor, daughter of Sir Richard Harrison ;" "Mary, daughter of Richard Deane, and wife of Thomas Beavor, of Binfield, Esq." Richard Deane is described as "uncle to Lady Harrison." If so, he must have been another brother of Hugh and William, which is quite possible, and makes him her great-uncle. She had no uncle '' Deane," except Christopher. 128 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

Thomas Howard, Earl of Berkshire, married one of the daughters of Sir Richard and Dorothy Harrison. He was the head of a party of kinsfolk who proved their loyalty to King Charles by ruining themselves in his cause. The Beavor monument states that Richard Deane, his son Henry, with Harrisons, Stavertons, Sir Robert Dormer, of the Little Park, Windsor, Alexander Taughton, of the Great Park, and Algernon Symes (slain at Newbury) served in three troops of horse raised by them under the command of the Earl of Berkshire. Tradition also reports that Tovye, old Hugh's son, was a trooper in this force. The high cavalier boots in which he fought at the Battle of Worcester were preserved at Waltham St. Laurence, where five boys, his descendants, played with them in the garden until they were knocked to pieces. Richard Deane " suffered sequestration and persecution," and his son Henry, being further impoverished by lending money, was compelled to turn his house into an inn. But his misfortunes did not end there, for in the Civil War of King James's time he lost everything except one tenement worth £3 a year. He now turned market-gardener, and so con­ tinued to the age of eighty-five, when, as the chronicle relates, "he changed this life for a better." "He was patient, cheerful, and of an honest heart," clearly an old cavalier of whom the Deanes may be proud. One of the Earl of Berkshire's two daughters married Sir Henry Winchcombe, of Bucklersbury, Berks. Robert Deane bought Hartley Court from these sisters-coheiresses. Another descendant of Thomas Deane, of Wargrave, and Margaret Dormer, was Captain Henry Deane, who served in Colonel Neville's regiment of horse 1643. Symonds says that he " came from the Parliament." £ 500 due to him was seized by order of Parliament. In 1644 he signed the certifi­ cate of burial of Mr. Burrell, a cornet, "slain in ye battle yesterday (June 29th) against ye rebells." He was promoted to be "Sergeant-Major," and fell at the siege of Bristol in 1646. Sir Richard Harrison was driven to raise many loans in Deane of Stukeley and Nethercote. 129 the King's service, and among Mr. Deane of Fareham's papers are several bonds of his to Lady Herbert, wife of Sir Arnott Herbert, mentioned in Edward Staverton's will. Richard Staverton's daughter married Thomas Neville. In 1639 Eleanor Neville inherited her uncle Edward Staverton's estates. At Fareham there is a couple of very interesting portraits of temp. Charles II., one of which is a Lady Lee, or Leigh. This was most likely the sister of Isabel Deane, Miss Whorwood, and the other may be either Sir William Leigh or William Deane ; they do not seem to be intended as a pair. His wig is of extraordinary size, combed out to the frame of the picture on each side. There is the will also of Mrs. Elizabeth Lee, of Binfield, 1688, whose grandson was William Fleetwood. To her grand-daughter Mary Shipton she bequeathed her "great jewel." To my "lady god-daughter," Lady Mary Alexander, eldest daughter of the Earl of " Starlin," she left £ 1 oo out of the £150 "her lord father borrowed of me." In 1663 Henry Alexander, Earl of Stirling, had married Judith, daughter of Mr. Robert Lee, of Binfield. ffillip Lee was witness. These Alexanders, Earls of Stirling, were Zinzans, of noble Italian ancestry, who came from Lucca in the time of Henry VII., and were about the Court during the Tudor and Stuart reigns. The family was known as "Zinzan," or " Alexander," indifferently, the first-comer having been Alessandro Zinzani. In 1678 John Shipton married Mary, daughter of William Fleetwood, of Great M issenden, Esq. Robert Lee, of Binfield, died in I 62 1. Richard Harrison was one of his trustees. In r632 Sir William Leigh, of Longbarrow and Bled­ dington, Gloucestershire, died, leaving his son William his heir. His brother-in-law was Field Whorwood; one of his daughters Elizabeth Warmsley. In 1652 there is a marriage settlement between John Langley, of Great Marlow, and Johanna Doyley, whose father, John Doyley, was of Turville Court, Bucks. John Tipping, of Chequers, Oxon, was witness. 130 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

The Lisles of Maynes Court. One of these, Alice Lysle, was a Tipping, of the Oxfordshire Baronet's family. The names " Langley" and " Tipping" were connected with Admiral Richard Deane and the A'Deanes of Chalgrove. " Maynes " is mentioned in William Deane of N ethercote's will.

To return to the Beavor monument. It states that Sir James Deane, of Basingstoke, was uncle to Dorothy, Lady Harrison. Now, Sir James, whose lion and crescent arms are well known, died in I 608, and no connection with the Berkshire family has been ascertained. His second wife was, however, Elizabeth, daughter of Alderman Sir Hugh Offley (died 1594), and the co-trustees to the will of Dorothy are Richard Aldwarth, her cousin, and William Offley.

One of these cavalier Deanes settled in Devonshire, for in 1734 a monument was placed in Buckleigh Church to the pious and charitable memory of Madam Mary Dean, "daughter of Sir James Modyford, Bart., and grand-daughter of Sir Nicholas Staning, who died for the King." The griffin arms of the Deanes are on the tomb.

Tovye Deane has been mentioned. He was the son of Hugh Deane, who died an "aged man" in 1629. In 1600 we find a family at Great Marlow named T ovye, spelt as it is in old Hugh's will. At that time Christopher, whom we take to be Hugh's nephew, came into the property of" Deane's Lane" at Great Marlow. In 1634 Maria Tovye died, leaving a son Christopher, probably his godson. In 1557 John and Jone Dene were buried at that place. They may have been Hugh's grandparents.

The property at Waltham St. Laurence, inherited from the family of Newbery, was originally known as " Paradise.,, An adjacent one was called "Blazes"; this belonged to the Sharpes, who intermarried twice with the Deanes. Elizabeth Newbery (Mrs. Hugh Deane) is traditionally said to have been a woman of extraordinary talent and nerve. Deane of Stukeley and Nethercote. I 3 1

John, known as "Good John Deane," of Hartley Court and the Forbury House, married Jane, daughter of James Spicer, of the Totnes Park family. Her mother was Judith, daughter of Sir Henry Pollexfen, of Wembury. Her sister married John Drake, and was the mother of the sixth and last Baronet of the direct line-Sir John Savary Drake. The portraits of Lady Drake and Judith Pollexfen are at Kitley House, the property of the Pollexfen-Bastards.

Tovye Deane's son Hugh married Elizabeth Swayne, of Binfield. Her property comprised lands called Winckfield, Buckalls, Wood End, Hawkshead, Readings, Long Croft, Blakes, Cornfields, and Dollings.

Henry Deane, of Warmley, married Ann Meredith, coheir of property in Brecon and Gloucestershire. Southern­ wood Castle-since called The Rocks-Warmley, and Brush­ gate belonged to her father. In 1665 John Meredith planted a vineyard at Magotsfield. In 1712 John Meredith, his son, was Lord of two Manors in that place. His son was William, whose son Michael resided at the Rocks, Marshfield. Henry and Ann were buried in Syston Church. The arms are to be found in the middle aisle, with an inscription stating that they were noted for their good works. Their only son, Charles Meredith Deane, was a dis­ tinguished officer in the brilliant regiment 24th ( afterwards 27th) Light Dragoons. After the Battle of Laswarrie, in the Mahratta campaign, Lord Lake complimented him on the field, and gave him a vacant cornetcy for his son, not then fourteen. This son, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Deane, K. H. & G., also obtained recognition for gallant conduct. The freedom of the city of Cork was bestowed upon an Irish Captain Charles Deane, who was credited with the exploits of the other one. Strange to say, the two went out in the same ship to India in 1823. The Irish Deane met his namesake again in Calcutta, and told him of the mistake, intending to return the " freedom," but the English Deane would not allow him to do so. 17-2 Possible Identity of the Two Stocks.

HE arms ascribed to Mattingley, and the descendants of Ralph A'Deane, of Britwell, Salome, and those of Hugh Deane, of Wokingham, are Vert on a chevron or between 3 griffins' heads erased, beaked and. langued gules, 5 mullets sable (3/or Adeane). These were confirmed to Mr. J. Bathurst Deane. There is no record of this shield being taken in the place of the 2 bars, properly belonging to the Wallingford stock. But the three black mullets (Knights' spurs) were placed on a bend on a shield of De Bohun, the Deanes' feudal lord, and are next to be found in bend over the barry offour belonging to Denefield. This Denefield appears to be in Hunts, near U pwood and Stukeley. When the chevron and griffins' heads were adopted, these mullets were evidently added, as we find the shield without them, viz. : I. On the shrine of Abbot Botiler in Gloucester Cathedral, among shields of benefactors of the county, Argent a chevron gules between 3 griffins' heads erased. 2. Nind, Jenyns, and Cassy, of Gloucestershire, bear the same charges. This looks as if the shield had belonged to three coheiresses. The 3 mullets in chief are seen in a shield attributed to the coheiresses of Sir William de Dene of St. Possible Identity of the Two Stocks. 133

Briavels. They belong to the name Power (MSS. British Museum). Berry gives to Nind, of Tewkesbury, the motto, "Fortiter et Fideliter." "Fideliter " has always been the motto of this family of A'Deane and Deane, and is now "Fortiter et Fideliter." The Lords M uskerry have " Fortis et Fidelis nihil est difficili." Philip Trant Nind, born 1778, married Elizabeth, daughter of John Deane of the Howe. He was Vicar of Wargrave; but so far the only marriage which might possibly have brought this shield into the Wallingford family appears to be that of John Deane, father of John of Mattingley, whose wife was Margaret Edmondes. The Edmondes' arms were the chevron and griffins' heads erased with .esto£les, but the variety of tints in them show them to be of later date than the others, and there would be no reason for the Adeanes of Chalgrove adopting the shield belonging to the wife of a distant cousin. Simon Adeane placed these arms in a window in Chai­ grove Church before 1686, the year of his death. That William Deane, of N ethercote, registered the barry arms may imply that they had been preserved in the eldest branch, or it may mean that he alone, being a man of large property, and in possession of Stukeley Manor, deemed it worth while to prove his claim to the old arms. Tovye's grandson Robert certainly used a seal with the griffin heads, as it remained for several generations in the family of his great-nephew Hugh, and Mr. Bathurst Deane preserved an impression of it. The seal is unfortunately lost. The crest-a griffin's head erased, collared or, between two wings vert - was that of the Despencers, and the collar, denoting feudal service, has been supposed to indicate that it was granted at the time ,vhen the Denes held land, and were also seneschals, under the Despencers. In this case it superseded the wolf's head issuing from a ducal coronet, which they bore, it may be, in recognition of their descent from Hugh, Earl of Chester, whose cognizance it was, unless, indeed, it was no wolf, but the old dragon of the North. 1 34 Dene, Deane, Adeane.

ARNIS OF THE SAME ORIGIN.

FROM ST. BRIAVELS.

1300. Argent 2 bars gules a canton conjoined. Argent a fesse gules. Argent a fesse sable. · Or a fesse gules. · 1314. Argent 2 bars sable, on each bar 3 crosses patee d'or. •. I 340. Sable 2 bars argent within a bordure gules. Argent 2 bars sable within a bordure gules. "John de Dene port de goules III. barres une quartier d'argent et un torell de sable en le quartier." The same, for Herefordshire (Yatton), on the canton a bull sable. The same, on the canton a calf sable. Argent 2 bars gules. 1574. Barry of 4 argent and sable. Barry of 4 argent and gules, on a bend sable 3 mullets argent. 1577. Sable a fesse ermine between 3 marriage chaplets. 1600. Or 2 bars and bordure sable.

FROM DENE, NORTHAlvIPTONSHIRE. I 314. Argent a fesse dancette gules. Argent a double fesse dancette in chief 3 crescents guies. Argent a fesse dancette between 3 crescents gules. Argent a lion purpure. 1417. Sable a lion couchant between 3 crescents. 1598. Gu1es a lion couchant or, in chief 3 crescents of the field. 1603. Argent a fesse dancette in chief 3 cross crosslets. Gules a fesse dancette below a fesse argent.

Argent 2 chevronels and bordure gules. The same, on bordure cross crosslets (also 3 chevronels ). Possible Identity of the Two Stoclls. 135

Argent on a chevron gules 3 crosses pattee or, between 3 ravens.

WALLINGFORD. Vert on a chevron between 3 griffins' heads erased 5 mullets sable. The same, 3 mullets sable. The same, without the mullets, in the griffins' beaks cross crosslets. ·

To conclude, Mr. Bathurst Deane has a note on the arms of Sir Henry Dene of Deen, 1 Edward I I., which were Argent a double dancette gules. In chief 3 crescents gules: u Was not the double dancette two fesses or bars dancette ? If so, there is a Gentilitian connection between these arms and the bars of the Forest of Dene, as well ac; with the chevronels of Yorks."