History of Scuba Diving About 500 BC: (Informa on Originally From
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Special Forces' Wear of Non-Standard Uniforms*
Special Forces’ Wear of Non-Standard Uniforms* W. Hays Parks** In February 2002, newspapers in the United States and United Kingdom published complaints by some nongovernmental organizations (“NGOs”) about US and other Coalition special operations forces operating in Afghanistan in “civilian clothing.”1 The reports sparked debate within the NGO community and among military judge advocates about the legality of such actions.2 At the US Special Operations Command (“USSOCOM”) annual Legal Conference, May 13–17, 2002, the judge advocate debate became intense. While some attendees raised questions of “illegality” and the right or obligation of special operations forces to refuse an “illegal order” to wear “civilian clothing,” others urged caution.3 The discussion was unclassified, and many in the room were not * Copyright © 2003 W. Hays Parks. ** Law of War Chair, Office of General Counsel, Department of Defense; Special Assistant for Law of War Matters to The Judge Advocate General of the Army, 1979–2003; Stockton Chair of International Law, Naval War College, 1984–1985; Colonel, US Marine Corps Reserve (Retired); Adjunct Professor of International Law, Washington College of Law, American University, Washington, DC. The views expressed herein are the personal views of the author and do not necessarily reflect an official position of the Department of Defense or any other agency of the United States government. The author is indebted to Professor Jack L. Goldsmith for his advice and assistance during the research and writing of this article. 1 See, for example, Michelle Kelly and Morten Rostrup, Identify Yourselves: Coalition Soldiers in Afghanistan Are Endangering Aid Workers, Guardian (London) 19 (Feb 1, 2002). -
Rebreather' Helps Navy Divers Beneath the Waves 31 May 2018, by Warren Duffie Jr
Deep breath: New 'rebreather' helps navy divers beneath the waves 31 May 2018, by Warren Duffie Jr. Panama City. The technology is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Global (ONR Global) TechSolutions program. TechSolutions is ONR Global's rapid- response science and technology program that develops prototype technologies to address problems voiced by Sailors and Marines, usually within 12 months. "This rebreather system is an awesome opportunity to enhance the capabilities of Navy divers and accelerate their deployments," said ONR Command Master Chief Matt Matteson, who heads up TechSolutions. A US Navy diver gives the okay sign following his dive using the Office of Naval Research Global Navy diving missions include underwater rescues, TechSolutions-sponsored MK29 Mixed Gas Rebreather explosive ordnance disposal, ship hull system, which was developed at the Naval Surface maintenance, recovery of sunken equipment, and Warfare Center, Panama City Division. The new system salvage of vessels and aircraft. will conserve helium, which is a valuable natural resource, accelerate the deployment of Navy divers, and increase safety. Credit: U.S. Navy photo by John F. Beneath the waves, Navy divers breathe a careful Williams/Released mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. Below 150 feet, however, nitrogen becomes toxic—leading to nitrogen narcosis, a drowsy state that can dull mental sharpness severely and jeopardize safe The muscular U.S. Navy diver hoisted a 60-pound return to the surface. life-support regulator onto his back, then donned a 30-pound metal helmet. The solution is to replace nitrogen with helium. However, helium is expensive and hard to obtain Fellow divers connected his diving suit to an because of recent worldwide shortages. -
How to Make Solo Rebreather Diving Safer
technical So,what’s Say that you dive on your own with wrong about a rebreather and wait for the reactions. matters bringing a Rubiks cube You’ll hear some nasty comments about along on a dive? you being an accident waiting to happen Discussions about diving never did a solo dive. The other 92 percent have done at least a few Column by are very often boring— solo dives, with 33 percent doing Cedric Verdier always the same stories mostly solo diving. about numerous sharks Of course, a poll only represents dangerously close, strong the opinion of a few individuals current ripping a mask off who want to answer the questions. It cannot be considered as the “big or friendly dolphins play- picture” of the entire rebreather ing during a deco stop. diver community. Nevertheless, it We heard them so many shows that some rebreather divers times. keep on diving solo, even if the perceived risk is so high… So, if you want to have some Why people don’t dive fun, simply say that you dive on solo with a rebreather? your own with a rebreather and Simply because that’s one wait for the reactions. You’ll hear of the most basic rules some nasty comments about one learns during the you being an accident waiting Open Water Diver to happen, and some people course: “Never dive will clearly show you their option alone”. It’s so famous about your mental health. that it’s almost a dogma. And it sounds Why? Because everybody so logical? knows that CCR Solo diving is the most stupid thing to do on Earth 1. -
FNRS 1 Balloon
Technical Data Sheet 1 FNRS 1 BALLOOn Balloon External diameter : 30 metres Payload : 1000 kg Materials : cotton and rubber Fuel : hydrogen Construction : Riedinger Ballon Fabrik (A), in 1931 The balloon was inflated with hydrogen, since the production of helium was too expensive in 1930. The diameter of the inflated balloon was 30 metres, its volume 14,130 m3. The balloon’s payload was 1000 kg and it was therefore clearly oversized in relation to the load to be carried. Its capacity theoretically enabled it to lift a locomotive! The balloon’s envelope consisted of two layers of cotton bonded by an intermediate layer of rubber. The fabric was dyed yellow (chloramine). This colour absorbs part of the sun’s blue, violet and ultraviolet rays. On take-off the balloon took the shape of a pear. It was only at altitude, when the pressure fell, that the balloon became spherical. Gondola External diameter : 2.10 metres Empty weight : 136 kg Crew : 2 men Endurance : 24 hours Thickness : 3.5 mm Materials : aluminium Portholes : glass Average on board temperature : -2 to + 40°C! Manufacturer of gondola : Georges L’Hoir, Liège (B) Interior equipment : Jacques Destappes, mechanic, Brussels (B) In structural terms, the sphere offers the highest volume for the smallest surface area, and therefore the lowest weight. The 2.10 metre diameter meanwhile, according to Auguste Piccard, is “(…) the smallest dimension in which two observers and a great deal of instrumentation can be accommodated”. The first gondola was painted in two colours. It was thus able to present a light or a dark side to the sun. -
Download Transcript
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN FRONTIERS PROGRAM #1503 "Going Deep" AIRDATE: February 2, 2005 ALAN ALDA Hello and welcome to Scientific American Frontiers. I'm Alan Alda. It's said that the oceans, which cover more than two thirds of the earth's surface, are less familiar to us than the surface of the moon. If you consider the volume of the oceans, it's actually more than ninety percent of the habitable part of the earth that we don't know too much about. The main reason for our relative ignorance is simply that the deep ocean is an absolutely forbidding environment. It's pitch dark, extremely cold and with pressures that are like having a 3,000-foot column of lead pressing down on every square inch -- which does sound pretty uncomfortable. In this program we're going to see how people finally made it to the ocean floor, and we'll find out about the scientific revolutions they brought back with them. We're going to go diving in the Alvin, the little submarine that did so much of the work. And we're going to glimpse the future, as Alvin's successor takes shape in a small seaside town on Cape Cod. That's coming up in tonight's episode, Going Deep. INTO THE DEEP ALAN ALDA (NARRATION) Woods Hole, Massachusetts. It's one of the picturesque seaside towns that draw the tourists to Cape Cod each year. But few seaside towns have what Woods Hole has. For 70 years it's been home to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution — an organization that does nothing but study the world's oceans. -
Review of Diver Noise Exposure
doi:10.3723/ut.29.021 International Journal of the Society for Underwater Technology, Vol 29, No 1, pp 21–39, 2010 Review of diver noise exposure TG Anthony, NA Wright and MA Evans QinetiQ Ltd, Hampshire, UK Technical Paper Abstract • Assess the risk to all employees, including divers, Divers are exposed to high noise levels from a variety from noise at work of sources both above and below water. The noise • Take action to reduce the noise exposure that exposure should comply with `The Control of Noise produces these risks at Work Regulations 2005' (CoNaWR05, 2005). A • Provide hearing protection if the noise risk detailed review of diver noise exposure is presented, cannot be reduced sufficiently by other methods encompassing diver hearing, noise sources, exposure • Ensure legal limits on noise exposure are not levels and control measures. Divers are routinely exceeded exposed to a range of noise sources of sufficiently high • Provide employees with information, instruction intensity to cause auditory damage, and audiometric and training studies indicate that diver hearing is impaired by • Conduct health surveillance where there is a risk exposure to factors associated with diving. Human to health. hearing under water, in cases where the diver's ear is The CoNaWR05 requires employers to take wet, is less sensitive than in air and should be assessed specific action at certain noise action values. These using an underwater weighting scale. Manufacturers of relate to the levels of exposure to noise of divers diving equipment and employers of divers have a joint averaged over a working day or week and the responsibility to ensure compliance with the exposure maximum noise (peak sound pressure) to which values in the CoNaWR05, although noise is only one they may be exposed. -
Hyperbaric Physiology the Rouse Story Arrival at Recompression
Hyperbaric Physiology The Rouse Story • Oct 12, 1992, off the New Jersey coast • father/son team of experienced divers • explore submarine wreck in 230 ft (70 m) • breathing compressed air • trapped in wreck & escaped with no time for decompression Chris and Chrissy Rouse Arrival at recompression Recompression efforts facility • Both divers directly ascend to dive boat • Recompression starts about 3 hrs after • Helicopter arrives at boat in 1 hr 27 min ascent • Bronx Municipal Hospital recompression facility – put on pure O2 and compressed to 60 ft – Chris (39 yrs) pronounced dead • extreme pain as circulation returned – compressed to 165 ft, then over 5.5 hrs – Chrissy (22 yrs) gradually ascended back to 30 ft., lost • coherent and talking consciousness • paralysis from chest down • no pain – back to 60 ft. Heart failure and death • blood sample contained foam • autopsy revealed that the heart contained only foam Medical Debriefing Gas Laws • Boyle’s Law • Doctors conclusions regarding their – P1V1 = P2V2 treatment • Dalton’s Law – nothing short of recompression to extreme – total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures depths - 300 to 400 ft • Henry’s Law – saturation treatment lasting several days – the amt of gas dissolved in liquid at any temp is – complete blood transfusion proportional to it’s partial pressure and solubility – deep helium recompression 1 Scuba tank ~ 64 cf of air Gas problems during diving Henry, 1 ATM=33 ft gas (10 m) dissovled = gas Pp & tissue • Rapture of the deep (Nitrogen narcosis) solubility • Oxygen -
The Mississippi River Find
The Journal of Diving History, Volume 23, Issue 1 (Number 82), 2015 Item Type monograph Publisher Historical Diving Society U.S.A. Download date 04/10/2021 06:15:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/32902 First Quarter 2015 • Volume 23 • Number 82 • 23 Quarter 2015 • Volume First Diving History The Journal of The Mississippi River Find Find River Mississippi The The Journal of Diving History First Quarter 2015, Volume 23, Number 82 THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER FIND This issue is dedicated to the memory of HDS Advisory Board member Lotte Hass 1928 - 2015 HISTORICAL DIVING SOCIETY USA A PUBLIC BENEFIT NONPROFIT CORPORATION PO BOX 2837, SANTA MARIA, CA 93457 USA TEL. 805-934-1660 FAX 805-934-3855 e-mail: [email protected] or on the web at www.hds.org PATRONS OF THE SOCIETY HDS USA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Ernie Brooks II Carl Roessler Dan Orr, Chairman James Forte, Director Leslie Leaney Lee Selisky Sid Macken, President Janice Raber, Director Bev Morgan Greg Platt, Treasurer Ryan Spence, Director Steve Struble, Secretary Ed Uditis, Director ADVISORY BOARD Dan Vasey, Director Bob Barth Jack Lavanchy Dr. George Bass Clement Lee Tim Beaver Dick Long WE ACKNOWLEDGE THE CONTINUED Dr. Peter B. Bennett Krov Menuhin SUPPORT OF THE FOLLOWING: Dick Bonin Daniel Mercier FOUNDING CORPORATIONS Ernest H. Brooks II Joseph MacInnis, M.D. Texas, Inc. Jim Caldwell J. Thomas Millington, M.D. Best Publishing Mid Atlantic Dive & Swim Svcs James Cameron Bev Morgan DESCO Midwest Scuba Jean-Michel Cousteau Phil Newsum Kirby Morgan Diving Systems NJScuba.net David Doubilet Phil Nuytten Dr. -
Scuba Diving History
Scuba diving history Scuba history from a diving bell developed by Guglielmo de Loreno in 1535 up to John Bennett’s dive in the Philippines to amazing 308 meter in 2001 and much more… Humans have been diving since man was required to collect food from the sea. The need for air and protection under water was obvious. Let us find out how mankind conquered the sea in the quest to discover the beauty of the under water world. 1535 – A diving bell was developed by Guglielmo de Loreno. 1650 – Guericke developed the first air pump. 1667 – Robert Boyle observes the decompression sickness or “the bends”. After decompression of a snake he noticed gas bubbles in the eyes of a snake. 1691 – Another diving bell a weighted barrels, connected with an air pipe to the surface, was patented by Edmund Halley. 1715 – John Lethbridge built an underwater cylinder that was supplied via an air pipe from the surface with compressed air. To prevent the water from entering the cylinder, greased leather connections were integrated at the cylinder for the operators arms. 1776 – The first submarine was used for a military attack. 1826 – Charles Anthony and John Deane patented a helmet for fire fighters. This helmet was used for diving too. This first version was not fitted to the diving suit. The helmet was attached to the body of the diver with straps and air was supplied from the surfa 1837 – Augustus Siebe sealed the diving helmet of the Deane brothers’ to a watertight diving suit and became the standard for many dive expeditions. -
Public Safety Scuba Diving
Industry Guide 47 A Guide to Public Safety Diving N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Division N.C. Department of Labor 1101 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1101 Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor OSHA State Plan Designee Kevin Beauregard Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Scott Mabry Assistant Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Tom Savage Standards Officer Author Acknowledgments A Guide to Public Safety Diving has been prepared with materials and information from the General Industry Standards, 29 CFR 1910, Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations, and OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-151 (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration). This guide also contains information from sources such as U.S. Navy Diving Manual, National Association of Search and Rescue, California Department Fish and Game Diving Safety Manual, and the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 1670—Standard on Operations and Technical Search and Rescue. Through an existing alliance established between the N.C. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Divi- sion and the North Carolina Public Safety Divers’ Association (PSDA), a collaborative effort was established to make this guide possible. The PSDA board of directors provided expertise involving public safety diving in sharing best practices and technical knowledge. A special thanks to Chuck Elgin, North Carolina Underwater Response Team, for his dedication and hard work assisting in the development of this publication. This guide is intended to be consistent with all existing OSHA standards; therefore, if an area is considered by the reader to be inconsistent with a standard, then the OSHA standard should be followed. -
Miller Manual
MILLER DIVING EQUIPMENT INC. Miller 400 Diving Helmet Maintenance Manual © Miller Diving All Rights Reserved Document # 030715001 1 MILLER 400 DIVING HELMET OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Part # 100-900 TABLE OF CONTENTS WARRANTY ............................................................................................................................... 3 DEFINITIONS OF SIGNAL WORDS ........................................................................................ 4 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION .................................................................................. 5 SECTION 1: GENERAL INFORMATION 1-A INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 7 1-B GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF MILLER 400 ................................................ 7 SECTION 2: OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND PROCEDURES 2-A PRE-DIVE PROCEDURE .................................................................................8 2-B DRESSING INTO THE MILLER HELMET ....................................................8 2-C OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS .......................................................................9 2-D EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ........................................................................9 2-E RECOMMENDED MATERIALS FOR MAINTENANCE .............................10 SECTION 3: DESCRIPTIONS, MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT 3-A HELMET SHELL ..............................................................................................12 3-B FACE PLATE AND FACE RING .....................................................................12 -
GR03617-01 UDT 2018 Press Pack AW.Indd
UDT 2018 UNDERSEA DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY SEC, Glasgow Visit us on Stand C2 AVON PROTECTION AT UDT 2018 Avon Protection has more than 130 years of experience, delivering performance innovation, design and engineering solutions. Avon Protection’s capabilities include the design, development, test and manufacture of respirators, filters, escape hoods, powered air purifying respirators (PAPRs), self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), hybrid systems, thermal imaging, dive computers and closed circuit rebreathers. Over our history of innovation, design and engineering, we have exclusively focused on the military, law enforcement, firefighting and industrial markets, understanding the unique requirements of these specialist, high threat, user groups. This depth of understanding and specialisation has enabled Avon Protection to become the recognised global market leader for respiratory products in this field. PRODUCTS ON SHOW MCM100 MDC150 Mi-TIC S NH15 COMBO 2 AVON PROTECTION AT UDT 2018 MCM100 The MCM100 is a configurable platform to meet multiple military Underwater Breathing Apparatus (UBA) requirements. It is a fully closed circuit, electronically controlled, mixed gas rebreather CE tested to 100m, suitable for a large range of military or tactical diving disciplines such as Mine Countermeasure (MCM), Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) shallow or deep, Mine Investigation and Exploitation (MIE) and Special Operations Forces (SOF). MDC150 The next generation of military dive computer with real-time data/ decompression logging and a custom interface which is fully reconfigurable allowing reprogramming as requirements change. The multiple algorithm capability allows for end user decompression system inclusion. The robust and ergonomic form has been specifically designed for use in demanding military diving applications. Mi-TIC S.