Notes on Diving in Ancient Egypt
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Rebreather' Helps Navy Divers Beneath the Waves 31 May 2018, by Warren Duffie Jr
Deep breath: New 'rebreather' helps navy divers beneath the waves 31 May 2018, by Warren Duffie Jr. Panama City. The technology is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Global (ONR Global) TechSolutions program. TechSolutions is ONR Global's rapid- response science and technology program that develops prototype technologies to address problems voiced by Sailors and Marines, usually within 12 months. "This rebreather system is an awesome opportunity to enhance the capabilities of Navy divers and accelerate their deployments," said ONR Command Master Chief Matt Matteson, who heads up TechSolutions. A US Navy diver gives the okay sign following his dive using the Office of Naval Research Global Navy diving missions include underwater rescues, TechSolutions-sponsored MK29 Mixed Gas Rebreather explosive ordnance disposal, ship hull system, which was developed at the Naval Surface maintenance, recovery of sunken equipment, and Warfare Center, Panama City Division. The new system salvage of vessels and aircraft. will conserve helium, which is a valuable natural resource, accelerate the deployment of Navy divers, and increase safety. Credit: U.S. Navy photo by John F. Beneath the waves, Navy divers breathe a careful Williams/Released mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. Below 150 feet, however, nitrogen becomes toxic—leading to nitrogen narcosis, a drowsy state that can dull mental sharpness severely and jeopardize safe The muscular U.S. Navy diver hoisted a 60-pound return to the surface. life-support regulator onto his back, then donned a 30-pound metal helmet. The solution is to replace nitrogen with helium. However, helium is expensive and hard to obtain Fellow divers connected his diving suit to an because of recent worldwide shortages. -
How to Make Solo Rebreather Diving Safer
technical So,what’s Say that you dive on your own with wrong about a rebreather and wait for the reactions. matters bringing a Rubiks cube You’ll hear some nasty comments about along on a dive? you being an accident waiting to happen Discussions about diving never did a solo dive. The other 92 percent have done at least a few Column by are very often boring— solo dives, with 33 percent doing Cedric Verdier always the same stories mostly solo diving. about numerous sharks Of course, a poll only represents dangerously close, strong the opinion of a few individuals current ripping a mask off who want to answer the questions. It cannot be considered as the “big or friendly dolphins play- picture” of the entire rebreather ing during a deco stop. diver community. Nevertheless, it We heard them so many shows that some rebreather divers times. keep on diving solo, even if the perceived risk is so high… So, if you want to have some Why people don’t dive fun, simply say that you dive on solo with a rebreather? your own with a rebreather and Simply because that’s one wait for the reactions. You’ll hear of the most basic rules some nasty comments about one learns during the you being an accident waiting Open Water Diver to happen, and some people course: “Never dive will clearly show you their option alone”. It’s so famous about your mental health. that it’s almost a dogma. And it sounds Why? Because everybody so logical? knows that CCR Solo diving is the most stupid thing to do on Earth 1. -
Upper Respiratory Tract and Aural Flora of Saturation Divers
J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.31.8.721 on 1 August 1978. Downloaded from Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1978, 31, 721-723 Upper respiratory tract and aural flora of saturation divers D. M. JONES AND P. DAVIS From the Department ofBacteriology, Withington Hospital, Manchester M20 8LR, UK SUMMARY The conditions of helium saturation diving promote the proliferation of Gram-negative bacterial species in the external auditory meatus of divers. These changes in flora occurred in the absence of operational diving, that is, no contact with water. The colonising bacteria were auto- genous in origin and cross-colonisation was observed between divers. On return to normal atmos- pheric conditions the aural flora became predominantly Gram-positive again within 48 hours. The slow return to normal pressures by deep-sea a high ambient temperature (30°-350C), and the divers, necessary to avoid decompression sickness, relative humidity is high. restricts the period that can be maintained at depth. Underwater exploration is a relatively new indus- This problem is overcome by the saturation diving try and by its nature is extremely dangerous. It is technique whereby the divers are maintained at high important that divers remain fit during the conduct of pressure in their living quarters and are transported a saturation dive because if a diver becomes unwell to the sea bed in a detachable diving bell. The com- the extreme slowness with which decompression can copyright. pression chamber and transfer chamber are anchored be carried out means that immediate medical atten- to the deck of an oil production platform, and the tion is not readily available. -
History of Scuba Diving About 500 BC: (Informa on Originally From
History of Scuba Diving nature", that would have taken advantage of this technique to sink ships and even commit murders. Some drawings, however, showed different kinds of snorkels and an air tank (to be carried on the breast) that presumably should have no external connecons. Other drawings showed a complete immersion kit, with a plunger suit which included a sort of About 500 BC: (Informaon originally from mask with a box for air. The project was so Herodotus): During a naval campaign the detailed that it included a urine collector, too. Greek Scyllis was taken aboard ship as prisoner by the Persian King Xerxes I. When Scyllis learned that Xerxes was to aack a Greek flolla, he seized a knife and jumped overboard. The Persians could not find him in the water and presumed he had drowned. Scyllis surfaced at night and made his way among all the ships in Xerxes's fleet, cung each ship loose from its moorings; he used a hollow reed as snorkel to remain unobserved. Then he swam nine miles (15 kilometers) to rejoin the Greeks off Cape Artemisium. 15th century: Leonardo da Vinci made the first known menon of air tanks in Italy: he 1772: Sieur Freminet tried to build a scuba wrote in his Atlanc Codex (Biblioteca device out of a barrel, but died from lack of Ambrosiana, Milan) that systems were used oxygen aer 20 minutes, as he merely at that me to arficially breathe under recycled the exhaled air untreated. water, but he did not explain them in detail due to what he described as "bad human 1776: David Brushnell invented the Turtle, first submarine to aack another ship. -
Sponge Fishing in Tarpon Springs, Florida Michael Suver University of South Florida, [email protected]
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School January 2012 Environmental Change and Place-Based Identities: Sponge Fishing in Tarpon Springs, Florida Michael Suver University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Geography Commons Scholar Commons Citation Suver, Michael, "Environmental Change and Place-Based Identities: Sponge Fishing in Tarpon Springs, Florida" (2012). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4410 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Environmental Change and Place-Based Identities: Sponge Fishing in Tarpon Springs, Florida by Michael Suver A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Geography, Environment, and Planning College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Pratyusha Basu, Ph.D. M. Martin Bosman, Ph.D. Jayajit Chakraborty, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 8, 2012 Keywords: climate change, Greek ethnicity, environmental geography, Gulf of Mexico Copyright © 2012, Michael Suver Acknowledgments I could not have completed this thesis without the strength of the Lord which has enabled me to lay aside all of my weight and finish the race set before me. I am also very thankful to Gabrielle, my fiancé who has been an encouragement and a comfort to get me through the writing process. -
Let Your Light Shine
The Lutheran Beacon Let your light shine . WWW.SELC.LCMS.ORG Published by the SELC District of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod MAY 2016 St. John (Cudahy WI) Celebrates Slovak Heritage Celebrating Our Life in Christ by Rev. Carl Krueger St. John, Cudahy WI is celebrating 110 years of Ministry! Founded in 1906 by Slovak Immigrants, St. John “kicked-off” this Anniversary observance year with English/Slovak Communion Worship Services led by the “last-remaining-100% Slovak Heritage-full-time-active- Slovak-Pastors”, and a Slovak menu dinner. At the turn of the 20th Century, Slovakia was ruled by the Hungarian Empire, and subjected to political, social, and religious oppression and persecution. The United States was seen as the land of freedom and opportunity. Slovak men made their way to the Milwaukee area Happy Mother’s Day and found work at the Patrick Cudahy Meat Packing Company May 8th slaughtering and processing beef and pork. The men worked long hours, saved money, then sent for their wives and families. Almost every Slovak adult packed their Slovak Bible and their Slovak Hymnal. First, families found homes, then they sought to establish a Church. “The Slovak Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Unaltered Augsburg Confession, St. John the Baptizer” was founded October 1906, with the city of Cudahy established the same year. The Pastor of a near- by German Lutheran Church provided pastoral care and worship services, along with visiting Slovak Pastors from Chicago IL and Whiting IN. To obtain their own Pastor from the Seminary, St. John needed to join the Slovak Evangelical Lutheran Church (SELC). -
DNVGL-OS-E402 Diving Systems
OFFSHORE STANDARDS DNVGL-OS-E402 Edition January 2017 Diving systems The content of this service document is the subject of intellectual property rights reserved by DNV GL AS ("DNV GL"). The user accepts that it is prohibited by anyone else but DNV GL and/or its licensees to offer and/or perform classification, certification and/or verification services, including the issuance of certificates and/or declarations of conformity, wholly or partly, on the basis of and/or pursuant to this document whether free of charge or chargeable, without DNV GL's prior written consent. DNV GL is not responsible for the consequences arising from any use of this document by others. The electronic pdf version of this document, available free of charge from http://www.dnvgl.com, is the officially binding version. DNV GL AS FOREWORD DNV GL offshore standards contain technical requirements, principles and acceptance criteria related to classification of offshore units. © DNV GL AS January 2017 Any comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected] This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document. The use of this document by others than DNV GL is at the user's sole risk. DNV GL does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from any use of this document. CHANGES – CURRENT This document supersedes DNV-OS-E402 Offshore standard for Diving systems, October 2010 and DNV-DS- E403 Standard for Surface Diving Systems, July 2012 Changes in this document are highlighted in red colour. -
Chemical Tank Testing of Modified Commercial Diving Helmets And
CHEMICAL TANK TESTING OF MODIFIED COMMERCIAL DMNG HEL\1 ETS AND DRESS by James Nash Test Engineer Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc. USEPA - Oil &: Hazardous Materials Simulation Environmental Test Tank Leonardo, New Jersey On37 Contract No. 6&-3-30.56 Test Director: J. Morgan Wells, Jr., P~O. Diving Program Office National Ocearuc and Atmo.sphenc Administration Rockville, Maryland 208j2 ft, ns e•;a•ta £r! . UGID \1 Project Ofiicer Richard P. Traver, P.E. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory Edison, New Jersey 08837 MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY OFACE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT U.S. ENVIROl\'MENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CINCINNAn, OHIO 4.5268 • DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Oil c5c Hazardous Materials Spills Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency7 and approved for draft review. Approval does not signify the contents necessarily reflect the views and poUcies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or companies conStinne endorsement or recommendation for use. ll FOREWORD 'The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was created because of increasing public and government concern a.boot the dangers of pollution to the health and welfare of the American people. Noxious air, foul water, and spoiled land are tragic testimonies to the deterioration of our natural environment. The complexity of that environment and the interplay of its components require a concentrated and integrat<ed attack on the problem. Research afld development is that necessary first step in problem solution; it involves def'ming the proble~ measuring its impact, and seatdilng for solutions. -
Thermal Problems in Diving. Lecture in Tokyo, Japan 2004-11-04 H Ornhagen Thermal Problems in Diving
Thermal problems in diving. Lecture in Tokyo, Japan 2004-11-04 H Ornhagen www.ornhagen.se Thermal problems in diving. Hans Ornhagen, MD,PhD, Director of research (ret), Swedish Defence Research Agency, Defence Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden. Thermal problems in diving are almost always looked upon as being linked to excessive heat loss and risk for hypothermia. The reason being that water usually is cold in relation to the human body and has a higher specific heat and thermal conductive capacity than air, the medium humans normally are dressed for. This does not mean that the other side of the coin, hyperthermia, is never seen. Diving in warm water such as cooling water reservoirs and waiting in sunshine, while dressed for a dive in cold water, may overheat divers. Thermal balance We can look at the body as a machine: Fuel is burned to produce work. In the process there are losses in the form of heat. The over all mechanical efficiency is said to be in average 20 – 30%. Which means, that about three quarters of all energy produced in the body is lost as heat. The sum equation for this process can be written The body heat balance S = (M) – (C) – (K) – (R) – (E) – (W) Where: S is body heat storage M is metabolic heat production C is heat exchange by convection K is heat exchange by conduction R is heat exchange by radiation E is heat exchange by evaporation W is work Work in this context is the output in the form of muscular contractions, chemical processes in the kidney, mental work in the brain etc. -
|||GET||| Group Interaction in High Risk Environments 1St Edition
GROUP INTERACTION IN HIGH RISK ENVIRONMENTS 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Rainer Dietrich | 9781351932097 | | | | | Looking for other ways to read this? Computational methods such as resampling and bootstrapping are also used when data are insufficient for direct statistical methods. There is little point in making highly precise computer calculations on numbers that cannot be estimated accurately Group Interaction in High Risk Environments 1st edition. Categories : Underwater diving safety. Thus, the surface-supplied diver is much less likely to have an "out-of-air" emergency than a scuba diver as there are normally two alternative air sources available. Methods for dealing with Group Interaction in High Risk Environments 1st edition risks include Provision for adequate contingencies safety factors for budget and schedule contingencies are discussed in Chapter 6. This genetic substudy included Two Sister Study participants and their parents, and some Sister Study participants who developed incident breast cancer invasive or DCIS before age 50 during the follow-up period. In terms of generalizability, our sample is predominantly non-Hispanic white women, and the results may not apply to other racial or ethnic groups. This third parameter may give some management support by establishing early warning indicators for specific serious risks, which might not otherwise have been established. ROVs may be used together with divers, or without a diver in the water, in which case the risk to the diver associated with the dive is eliminated altogether. Suitable equipment can be selected, personnel can be trained in its use and support provided to manage the foreseeable contingencies. However, taken together, there is the possibility that many of the estimates of these factors would prove to be too optimistic, leading. -
Divers Things: Collecting the World Under Water
Hist. Sci., xlix (2011) DIVERS THINGS: COLLECTING THE WORLD UNDER WATER James Delbourgo Rutgers University I do not pretend to have been to the bottom of the sea. Robert Boyle, 1670 matter out of place Consider the following object as shown in an early eighteenth-century engraving (Figure 1). It is a piece of wood — not a highly worked thing, not ingeniously wrought, though it is an artefact of human labour rather than a natural body. Or is it? In the engraving, the piece of wood disappears: it is visible towards the bottom of the image, a sober pointed stump, but it is quickly subsumed by a second, enveloping entity that swirls about it in an embroidering corkscrew. What elements are here intertwin- ing? The legend beneath the engraving identifies the artefact thus: “Navis, prope Hispaniolam ann Dom 1659. Naufragium passae, asser, a clavo ferreo transfixus, corallio aspero candicante I. B. Obsitus, & a fundo maris anno 1687 expiscatus.” It describes a stake or spar from a ship wrecked off Hispaniola in 1659, which is transfixed by both an iron bolt and rough whitish coral, fished out of the depths in 1687. This collector’s item is neither the cliché of exemplarily beautiful coral nor straightforwardly a historical relic, but an intertwining of the two: the “transfixing” of a remnant of maritime technology by an aquatic agent. It exhibits the very proc- ess of encrustation. The spar is juxtaposed with the image of a jellyfish, and more proximately, engravings of Spanish silver coins, also encrusted with coral: “Nummus argenteus Hispanicus … incrustatus”, one of the labels reads.1 Still another illustra- tion, in a separate engraving, bears the legend “Frustum ligni e mari atlantico erutum cui adhaerescunt conchae anatiferae margine muricata” — a piece of “drift wood beset with bernecle [sic] shells”. -
The Fine Art of Extreme Exploration Dives
tech talk The fine art of conducting Extreme Exploration Dives 69 X-RAY MAG : 31 : 2009 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED tech talk How to master the complexities of extensive explorations of underwater caves and other overhead environments Our case story will be a recent actual a depth of 200 meter and ranging more exploration where the dive profile posed a than 700 meters from the entrance. On few challenges: the actual dive date we may then find - Distance of 700 meters from the that these preset definitions of depth and entrance to the end point. time do not match up with the actual - The depth of 164 meters at the begin- diving profile, mental and physical fitness ning of the actual exploration and 186 and the equipment at hand. This leads to m at the end. postponements and delays which may run - Duration of the dive which including into a year, or at least several month of deco stops required a run time 9 hours waiting, which is often the case. It is thus and 46 minutes submersed. necessary to stay fit and keep practicing all the relevant technical skills. In this case However, even if this specific dive profile I kept up a regular schedule doing many presented us with some exceptional chal- speleological/cave dives where I could lenges, it wasn’t fundamentally different rehearse practice stage and travel proce- from other technical dives in terms of dures as often as possible, as well as prac- safety and logistic considerations.