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Review of Diver Noise Exposure
doi:10.3723/ut.29.021 International Journal of the Society for Underwater Technology, Vol 29, No 1, pp 21–39, 2010 Review of diver noise exposure TG Anthony, NA Wright and MA Evans QinetiQ Ltd, Hampshire, UK Technical Paper Abstract • Assess the risk to all employees, including divers, Divers are exposed to high noise levels from a variety from noise at work of sources both above and below water. The noise • Take action to reduce the noise exposure that exposure should comply with `The Control of Noise produces these risks at Work Regulations 2005' (CoNaWR05, 2005). A • Provide hearing protection if the noise risk detailed review of diver noise exposure is presented, cannot be reduced sufficiently by other methods encompassing diver hearing, noise sources, exposure • Ensure legal limits on noise exposure are not levels and control measures. Divers are routinely exceeded exposed to a range of noise sources of sufficiently high • Provide employees with information, instruction intensity to cause auditory damage, and audiometric and training studies indicate that diver hearing is impaired by • Conduct health surveillance where there is a risk exposure to factors associated with diving. Human to health. hearing under water, in cases where the diver's ear is The CoNaWR05 requires employers to take wet, is less sensitive than in air and should be assessed specific action at certain noise action values. These using an underwater weighting scale. Manufacturers of relate to the levels of exposure to noise of divers diving equipment and employers of divers have a joint averaged over a working day or week and the responsibility to ensure compliance with the exposure maximum noise (peak sound pressure) to which values in the CoNaWR05, although noise is only one they may be exposed. -
Scuba Diving History
Scuba diving history Scuba history from a diving bell developed by Guglielmo de Loreno in 1535 up to John Bennett’s dive in the Philippines to amazing 308 meter in 2001 and much more… Humans have been diving since man was required to collect food from the sea. The need for air and protection under water was obvious. Let us find out how mankind conquered the sea in the quest to discover the beauty of the under water world. 1535 – A diving bell was developed by Guglielmo de Loreno. 1650 – Guericke developed the first air pump. 1667 – Robert Boyle observes the decompression sickness or “the bends”. After decompression of a snake he noticed gas bubbles in the eyes of a snake. 1691 – Another diving bell a weighted barrels, connected with an air pipe to the surface, was patented by Edmund Halley. 1715 – John Lethbridge built an underwater cylinder that was supplied via an air pipe from the surface with compressed air. To prevent the water from entering the cylinder, greased leather connections were integrated at the cylinder for the operators arms. 1776 – The first submarine was used for a military attack. 1826 – Charles Anthony and John Deane patented a helmet for fire fighters. This helmet was used for diving too. This first version was not fitted to the diving suit. The helmet was attached to the body of the diver with straps and air was supplied from the surfa 1837 – Augustus Siebe sealed the diving helmet of the Deane brothers’ to a watertight diving suit and became the standard for many dive expeditions. -
Underwater Speleology Journal of the Cave Diving Section of the National Speleological Society
Underwater Speleology Journal of the Cave Diving Section of the National Speleological Society INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Diving In Cuba How We Grated “Old Jenny” (Ginnie) Roubidoux Spring Exploration Progress Why smoking And Diving Are Incompatible Volume 39 Number 4 October/November/December 2012 Underwater Speleology NSS-CDS Volume 39 Number 4 BOARD OF DIRECTORS October/November/December 2012 contents CHAIRMAN Featured Articles Gene Melton (904) 794-7896 [email protected] Diving in Cuba VICE CHAIRMAN By Tom Feiden........................................................................................................6 Forrest Wilson (404) 292-5613 From The Back Of the Cave:How We Grated Old Jenny (Ginnie) [email protected] By Jim Fishback..................................................................................................10 TREASURER Bill Huth Why Smoking And Diving Are Incompatible (850) 501-2271 [email protected] By Claudia L. Roussos, MD.................................................................................18 SECRETARY Visit With A Cave: Jackson Blue Springs Tony Flaris (904) 210-4550 Photographer: Ben Martinez..........................................................................20 [email protected] Midwest Underground: Roubidoux Spring Exploration Progress PROGRAM DIRECTORS Frank Ohidy By Chris Hill...........................................................................................................23 (386) 497-1283 [email protected] A Few Words About Our Properties By Frank Ohidy.....................................................................................................32 -
Siebe Gorman
dr" www.mcdoa.org.uk The design is simple and strong, clamping mechanism has been ini proved, and the valve is made ( Imo corrosive chrome-Bladed brass. Safety AIR RESERVE VALVE The wets are fitted with 11,7401'N'I` Valve. in It cannot be left 11,14.1111,111111ty on `Reserve' when Lhe cylinder r, Comfort empty. '1'he valve has no cam no iou which can wear or jaw. HARNESS The new nylee welihnil harness is designed wilhotil, n i1iii.,1 strap, to make a wcir ld i„,i ) „„„.,, The Essgee 'Mistral' Aqualung by comfortable to weir. ' I' I rrin on Siebe, Gorman based on the famous quick-requick-release iiicl 1 1114 '11. Cousteau-Cagnan design has all the take off the set below Icny ) I li.. latest refinements that research has water, or jettison it i suggested and experiment realised. TWIN CYLINDER CONVERSION `§te DEMAND VALVE The double-lever You can convert, ,„101 ----4040aP action reduces opening resistance Aqualung into 41, twin sot, didolummolimosiiiiiiiiiill111111111111111111111111113mmi to a minimum, and the single stage * Write £0 Its fol. fall defisiln fif thy reduction gives maximum air-flow. Essgee 'Mistral'. N-7 The 5tebe, Gorman 'Mistral' - The World's most reliable Aqualung SIEBE, GORMAN & CO. LTD. E. Ng Neptune Works, Davis Road, `FILM MAKING'—see page 54 hit,8 Chessington, Surrey. SIEBE Telephone: Elmbridge 500() Iluommlimiliiiil 'ill? Manchester Office: 274, Deansgate. 1111111111!!!4""m41111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIiiii mil IIII Telephone: Deanegate 6000 GORMAN • -^°1,0" oh, COA9D1 & CO I TD. PDD ID. www.mcdoa.org.uk Vol. 8 No. 2 H.M.S. -
Anastasi 2032
Shashwat Goel & Ankita Phulia Anastasi 2032 Table of Contents Section Page Number 0 Introduction 2 1 Basic Requirements 4 2 Structural Design 15 3 Operations 31 4 Human Factors 54 5 Business 65 6 Bibliography 80 Fletchel Constructors 1 Shashwat Goel & Ankita Phulia Anastasi 2032 0 Introduction What is an underwater base doing in a space settlement design competition? Today, large-scale space habitation, and the opportunity to take advantage of the vast resources and possibilities of outer space, remains more in the realm of speculation than reality. We have experienced fifteen years of continuous space habitation and construction, with another seven years scheduled. Yet we have still not been able to take major steps towards commercial and industrial space development, which is usually the most-cited reason for establishing orbital colonies. This is mainly due to the prohibitively high cost, even today. In this situation, we cannot easily afford the luxury of testing how such systems could eventually work in space. This leaves us looking for analogous situations. While some scientists have sought this in the mountains of Hawaii, this does not tell the full story. We are unable to properly fathom or test how a large-scale industrial and tourism operation, as it is expected will eventually exist on-orbit, on Earth. This led us to the idea of building an oceanic base. The ocean is, in many ways, similar to free space. Large swathes of it remain unexplored. There are unrealised commercial opportunities. There are hostile yet exciting environments. Creating basic life support and pressure-containing structures are challenging. -
History of Scuba Diving About 500 BC: (Informa on Originally From
History of Scuba Diving nature", that would have taken advantage of this technique to sink ships and even commit murders. Some drawings, however, showed different kinds of snorkels and an air tank (to be carried on the breast) that presumably should have no external connecons. Other drawings showed a complete immersion kit, with a plunger suit which included a sort of About 500 BC: (Informaon originally from mask with a box for air. The project was so Herodotus): During a naval campaign the detailed that it included a urine collector, too. Greek Scyllis was taken aboard ship as prisoner by the Persian King Xerxes I. When Scyllis learned that Xerxes was to aack a Greek flolla, he seized a knife and jumped overboard. The Persians could not find him in the water and presumed he had drowned. Scyllis surfaced at night and made his way among all the ships in Xerxes's fleet, cung each ship loose from its moorings; he used a hollow reed as snorkel to remain unobserved. Then he swam nine miles (15 kilometers) to rejoin the Greeks off Cape Artemisium. 15th century: Leonardo da Vinci made the first known menon of air tanks in Italy: he 1772: Sieur Freminet tried to build a scuba wrote in his Atlanc Codex (Biblioteca device out of a barrel, but died from lack of Ambrosiana, Milan) that systems were used oxygen aer 20 minutes, as he merely at that me to arficially breathe under recycled the exhaled air untreated. water, but he did not explain them in detail due to what he described as "bad human 1776: David Brushnell invented the Turtle, first submarine to aack another ship. -
A History of Closed Circuit O2 Underwater Breathing Apparatus
Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) A HISTORY OF CLOSED CIRCUIT OXYGEN UNDEnWATER BRDA'1'HIllG AJ'PARATU'S, by , Dan Quiok Project 1/70 School of Underwater Medicine, H MAS PENGUIN, Naval P.O. Balmoral, IT S W .... 2091. May, 1970 Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) TABLE OF CONTENTS. Foreword. Page No. 1 Introduction. " 2 General History. " 3 History Il: Types of CCOUBA Used In 11 United Kingdom. " History & Types of CCOUBA Used In 46 Italy. " History & Types o:f CCOUBJl. Used In 54 Germany. " History & Types of CCOUEA Used In 67 Frr>.!1ce. " History·& Types of CeOUM Used In 76 United States of America. " Summary. " 83 References. " 89 Acknowledgements. " 91 Contributor. " 91 Alphabetical Index. " 92 Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) - 1 - FOREWORD I am very pleased to have the opportunity of introducing this history, having been responsible for the British development of the CCOt~ for special operations during World War II and afterwards. This is a unique and comprehensive summary of world wide development in this field. It is probably not realised what a vital part closed circuit breathing apparatus played in World War II. Apart from escapes from damaged and sunken submarines by means of the DSEA, and the special attacks on ships by human torpedoes and X-craft, including the mortal damage to the "Tirpitz", an important part of the invasion forces were the landing craft obstruction clearance units. These were special teams of frogmen in oxygen breathing sets who placed demolition charges on the formidable underwater obstructions along the north coast of France. -
Miller Manual
MILLER DIVING EQUIPMENT INC. Miller 400 Diving Helmet Maintenance Manual © Miller Diving All Rights Reserved Document # 030715001 1 MILLER 400 DIVING HELMET OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Part # 100-900 TABLE OF CONTENTS WARRANTY ............................................................................................................................... 3 DEFINITIONS OF SIGNAL WORDS ........................................................................................ 4 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION .................................................................................. 5 SECTION 1: GENERAL INFORMATION 1-A INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 7 1-B GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF MILLER 400 ................................................ 7 SECTION 2: OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND PROCEDURES 2-A PRE-DIVE PROCEDURE .................................................................................8 2-B DRESSING INTO THE MILLER HELMET ....................................................8 2-C OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS .......................................................................9 2-D EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ........................................................................9 2-E RECOMMENDED MATERIALS FOR MAINTENANCE .............................10 SECTION 3: DESCRIPTIONS, MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT 3-A HELMET SHELL ..............................................................................................12 3-B FACE PLATE AND FACE RING .....................................................................12 -
KML Education & Research Boating & Snorkeling (Free Diving) Agreement
KML Education & Research Boating & Snorkeling (Free diving) Agreement **Please review with all members of your group As Principal Investigator (PI)/Group Leader from ____________________________________, students in my care understand that all forms of ocean recreation activities, including but not limited to snorkeling (free diving) and boating (collectively the “Activities”) have inherent risks and dangers associated with them. Persons not in good physical condition, pregnant, with heart conditions, asthma (exercise or cold‐induced), back or neck injuries, open wounds and recent surgeries should not participate in the Activities. _____1. They agree that if they participate with an in‐water snorkeling activity that they can swim and have the skills to snorkel in the open ocean with no assistance. If they cannot swim they agree to remain on the boat/vessel at all times. They also agree that they will not expect the Released Parties to teach them how to swim or snorkel and that prior to the activity they will have the skills necessary to participate without assistance. It is required that the PI or Group Leader possess at least minimal snorkel skills. (Recommended minimal skills supplied upon request) ______2. THEY UNDERSTAND THAT THERE ARE INHERENT RISKS INVOLVED WITH SNORKELING AND BOATING, included but not limited to equipment failure, perils of the sea, harm caused by marine creatures (including bites), acts of fellow participants, entering and exiting the water, boarding or disembarking boats, and activities on the docks and THEY HEREBY ASSUME SUCH RISKS. ______3. They are physically fit to swim and participate in the Activities and understand that they can be physically strenuous activities and that they will be exerting themselves during the Activities. -
Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus
Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus Testing for Re-Inspired Carbon Dioxide Mike F. Ward February 26, 2020 © Copyright 2020 Dive Lab® Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Rev. February 25, 2020 Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus SECTION ONE PAGES 1.0 Understanding CO2 & Diving 1.1 Understanding the Effects of CO2 1.2 CO2 Production 1.3 Breathing Rate/ Work Rate 1.4 Re-inspired CO2 1.5 Primary Factors Influencing Re-inspired CO2 1.6 Dead Space 1.7 Gas Flow Path 1.8 Breathing Resistance 1.9 Improper Ventilation 1.10 Symptoms of CO2 Exposure 1.11 Minimizing CO2 for the Diver 1.12 Summary SECTION TWO 2.0 Measuring Re-inspired CO2 Concept 2.1 Breathing Rate/Work Rate 2.2 Primary Factors Influencing Re-inspired CO2 using a Breathing Simulator 2.3 Dead Space 2.4 Gas Flow Path 2.5 Breathing Resistance SECTION THREE 3.0 Basic Test Configuration 3.1 CO2 Sampling 3.2 System Calibration 3.3 CO2 Expression 3.4 CO2 Injection 3.5 Stabilizing End Tidal 3.6 Sample Delay 3.7 Understanding the Test Loop 3.8 Sample Catheter SECTION FOUR 4.0 European CE Breath by Breath Washout Testing © Copyright 2020 Dive Lab® Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Rev. February 25, 2020 Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus ALPM Actual Liters Per Minute ATA Atmospheres Absolute - 1 ATA=14.7 psig BAR Bar - one bar = 14.5 psig BPM Breaths Per Minute CE Symbol for European Conformance ET End Tidal - the end of exhalation where gas flow stops ET CO2 End Tidal Carbon Dioxide - the level of CO2 in exhaled gas at the very end of exhalation EU European Union FSW Feet Sea Water J/L Joules Per Liter LPM Liters Per Minute MBR MILLIBARS - pressure measurement often used for atmospheric pressure readings and partial pressure reading of gases within a mixture of gases MSW Meter Sea Water PSI Pounds Per Square Inch PSIG Pounds Per Square Inch Gauge RMV Respiratory Minute Volume - the volume of gas moved in and out of the lungs in one minute. -
1'1 11 E W Rfare Divii1g
www.mcdoa.org.uk 1'1 11 E W RFARE DIVII1G www.mcdoa.org.uk CONTENTS www.mcdoa.org.uk FOREWORD EDITOR'S FOREWORD DATES FOR YOUR DIARY OUR MAN IN MARBATSTAFF 7 JMC 013 8 BABY FROGS 12 SANDOWN and INVERNESS BOW OUT 16 MCM COMMAND and SUPPORT 17 SUBMARINE RESCUE 22 LONGLOOK 2001 28 PLANES, TRAINS and AUTOMOBILES 30 SONAR 2193 31 THUNDERBIRD ONE 37 VIEW FROM THE MCMTA 39 THE SINKING of the SCYLLA 13 LONG LOOK THE 'AUSSIE' PERSPECTIVE 15 OPERATION GARDEN on the THAMES 17 HOLIDAYS' 51 MINE DISPOSAL SYSTEM 53 TRAP, TARG, TOAR and RIPS 58 MCMV WEAPON SYSTEM UPGRADES 69 COMMAND• SUPPORT SYSTEMS 70 DIVING STANDARDS (NAVY) 71 DDS - A SCHOOL OF CHANGE 81 MWTU 90 ADVANCED MINE WARFARE TRAINING IN 2005 95 THE MARITIME WARFARE CENTRE 97 'THE ASSOCIATION' 99 HMS LENNOX 1958 102 SPACE SHUTTLE RECOVERY 106 THE NITEWORKS PROJECT III SAFETY CASE REPORT 113 DEFECTS 111 www.mcdoa.org.uk FOREWORD www.mcdoa.org.uk From Captain N P Stanley M.Phil, MNI Royal Navy Captain Minewarfare & Patrol Vessels, Fishery Protection and Diving I am delighted to be able to write the introduction to this current edition of MAD Magazine. Its appearance on the streets coincides with my own departure from the front-line. returning to MOD after two and a half years at the Waterfront but well placed to present something of a haul down report to the community; a reflection of the last few years and a look ahead to what we have on the horizon. Starting with people: it has clearly been a demanding period. -
Nature Parks Snorkeling Surfing Fishing
Things to do in Florida Nature Parks Snorkeling Surfing Fishing Nature Parks Green Cay This nature center is the county’s newest nature canter that over- looks 100 acres of constructed wetland. Wakodahatchee Wetlands Is a park in Delray Beach with a three-quarter mile boardwalk that crosses between open water ponds and marches. Patch Reef Park & DeHoernle Park Parks in Boca Raton that have an abundant of sports and recreation facilities. Morikami Museum & Japanese Gardens The gardens at this Japanese cultural center in Delray Beach in- clude paradise garden, various styles of rock and Zen gardens, and a museum. Gumbo Limbo This Nature Center and Environmental Complex includes an indoor museum with fish tanks with fish, turtles, and other sea life. It is also known for rehabilitating and protecting sea turtles. *More information and website links are located on the last page. Snorkeling Blowing Rocks This is an environmental preserve on Jupiter Island in Hobe Sound. This peaceful, barrier island sanctuary is known for large-scale, native coastal habitat restoration. Lantana Beach Lantana is a coastal community in Palm Beach and 10 feet off shore there is a pretty good areas to snorkel. Red Reef Park A 67-acre oceanfront park in Boca Raton for swimming, snorkeling, and surf fishing that includes a nature center. Lauderdale-by-the-Sea Is known as “The Shore Diving Capital of South Florida”. There are two coral reef lines that are just a short swim from the beach. John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park The first undersea park that encompasses about 70 natural square miles.