DOCSLIB.ORG

Biorational Tree-Fruit Pest Management, an Area That Ron Was So Instrumental in Nurturing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biorational Tree-Fruit Pest Management, an Area That Ron Was So Instrumental in Nurturing BIORATIONAL T REE-FRUIT PEST MANAGEMENT This page intentionally left blank BIORATIONAL T REE-FRUIT PEST MANAGEMENT Edited by Martín Aluja Tracy C. Leskey and Charles Vincent CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Offi ce CABI North American Offi ce Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Biorational tree fruit pest management / edited by Martín Aluja, Tracy C. Leskey, and Charles Vincent. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84593-484-2 (alk. paper) 1. Pests–Integrated control. 2. Fruit–Diseases and pests. I. Aluja, Martin. II. Leskey, Tracy C. III. Vincent, Charles, 1953- IV. Title. SB951.B48 2009 634′.049–dc22 2008045145 ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 484 2 Typeset by AMA Dataset, Preston. Printed and bound in the UK by the MPG Books Group, Bodmin. The paper used for the text pages in this book is FSC certifi ed. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) is an international network to promote responsible management of the world’s forests. Contents Contributors vii Preface ix Acknowledgements xvi 1. Conceptual Framework for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Tree-Fruit Pests 1 Marcos Kogan and Richard J. Hilton 2. The Evolution of Key Tree-Fruit Pests: Classical Cases 32 Stewart H. Berlocher and Jeffrey L. Feder 3. Functional and Behavioural Ecology of Tree-Fruit Pests: The Four Fs of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) 56 Bernard D. Roitberg, Carol R. Lauzon, Susan B. Opp and Dan R. Papaj 4. How Do Key Tree-Fruit Pests Detect and Colonize Their Hosts: Mechanisms and Applications for IPM 85 Silvia Dorn and Jaime C. Piñero 5. Monitoring and Management of the Apple Maggot Fly and the Plum Curculio: Honouring the Legacy of R.J. Prokopy 110 Tracy C. Leskey, Gérald Chouinard and Charles Vincent 6. Trying to Build an Ecological Orchard: a History of Apple IPM in Massachusetts 145 Daniel R. Cooley and William M. Coli v vi Contents 7. Managing Pestiferous Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) through Environmental Manipulation 171 Martín Aluja and Juan Rull 8. Biorational Approaches to Disease Management in Apples 214 Daniel R. Cooley 9. Speciation, Consumers and the Market: Profi t with a Conscience 253 Thomas A. Green and Starker E. Wright Index 285 Index of Common Names of Organisms 291 Index of Latin Names 293 Contributors Aluja, Martín, Unidad de Entomología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología, AC, Km 2.5 Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No 351, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Email: [email protected] Berlocher, Stewart H., Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Email: [email protected] Chouinard, Gérald, Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvi- ronnement (IRDA), 3300 Sicotte, CP 480, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7B8, Canada. Email: [email protected] Coli, William M., Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, Fernald Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Email: wcoli@umext. umass.edu Cooley, Daniel R., Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, Fernald Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Email: [email protected] Dorn, Silvia, ETH Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences/Applied Entomology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Email: silvia.dorn@ ipw.agrl.ethz.ch Feder, Jeffrey L., Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 369, Galvin Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA. Email: [email protected] Green, Thomas A., IPM Institute of North America, Inc., 4510 Regent St., Madison, WI 53705, USA. Email: [email protected] Hilton, Richard J., Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, 569 Hanley Road, Central Point, OR 97502, USA. Email: [email protected] Kogan, Marcos, Integrated Plant Protection Center and Department of Horti- culture, 2040 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Email: [email protected] vii viii Contributors Lauzon, Carol R., Department of Biological Sciences, California State Univer- sity, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA. Email: carol.lauzon@csueastbay. edu Leskey, Tracy C., USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wilt- shire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771, USA. Email: Tracy.Leskey@ ars.usda.gov Opp, Susan B., Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA. Email: [email protected] Papaj, Dan R., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Email: [email protected] Piñero, Jaime C., College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Uni- versity of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. Email: jpinero@ ctahr.hawaii.edu Roitberg, Bernard D., Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser Uni- versity, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. Email: [email protected] Rull, Juan, Unidad de Entomología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología, AC, Km 2.5 Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No 351, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Email: [email protected] Vincent, Charles, Horticultural Research and Development Centre, Agricul- ture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Blvd., Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada. Email: [email protected] Wright, Starker E., USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771, USA. Email: starker.wright@ ars.usda.gov Preface The inception of this book is tied closely to the legacy of Ronald J. Prokopy (1935– 2004). Ron was not only one of the most highly regarded applied behavioural ecologists worldwide, but also a pioneer in the development of one of the fi rst suc- cessful integrated pest and disease management (IPM) programmes for apple orchards. His research programme was aimed at studying the behavioural ecology and management of tree-fruit pests, particularly fruit-fl y species. His work on the behaviour of the apple maggot fl y, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), and many other tephritid species, has led not only to an archetypal behavioural model for those interested in studying host fi nding and selection, but also to practical behaviourally based management strategies that fi t into IPM, integrated fruit production and organic production systems. His keen interest in basic behaviour also led to novel research in areas such as learning and social facilitation. Ron was also a strong and tireless proponent of IPM strategies, developing theoretical approaches, working extensively with growers and conducting numerous large-scale experi- ments throughout the important apple-growing region of New England, USA. Our goal as editors is to produce a book that will represent a compendium of current theory, philosophy and innovative research in the area of biorational tree-fruit pest management, an area that Ron was so instrumental in nurturing. The inception of this book began at the 2005 Entomological Society of America National Meeting held in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. There, a special Programme Symposium was held to honour Ron, who unfortunately passed away before the symposium took place. It was entitled ‘Bridging the Gap between Basic Behav- ioral Research and Crop Protection Applications for Tree-Fruit Agroecosystems: Honoring the Life and Work of Ronald J. Prokopy’. Presentations were made by former graduate students, postdoctoral students and close colleagues. The over- all themes presented during that symposium were the trigger for creating this volume. After the symposium was held, it was decided that a long-lasting tribute to Ron would be to produce a book in his honour. Our role as editors has been to envision the theme of this book and to unify, as much as possible, the written ix x Preface material produced by a collection of invited authors, so that the fi nal product would serve as a lasting tribute to the late Ron Prokopy and foster environmen- tally friendly tree pest management schemes. So, three of us took on the task of preparing a book proposal that incorporated some of the themes presented dur- ing the symposium, but decided to expand the scope of the book by inviting other former colleagues of Ron to share their vast experience in the area of tree- fruit pest management (for example, Marcos Kogan). We, together with the authors, wanted to demonstrate how one could utilize and apply biological infor- mation gathered from basic research concerning pest species to develop mean- ingful crop protection strategies. Importantly, we wanted to carry this theme not just to an experimental level but also to an applied one that highlighted grower involvement and successful business owners supplying pest management infor- mation and tools. In other words, we wanted to convey a complete story of biorational pest management from how pests evolved in nature, to selling envi- ronmentally friendly products for their control. The topics that are addressed in the book begin with the most fundamental ecological, evolutionary and behav- ioural questions related to insect pests and subsequently build from there, until reaching the market phase. With this goal in mind, we invited one of the most infl uential thinkers in the fi eld of IPM, Marcos Kogan, to write an introductory chapter and provide a fun- damental framework for the rest of the volume. We also invited Stewart Ber- locher and Jeffrey Feder, two of the most successful students of Guy Bush, one of the leading insect evolutionary biologists of our times, to answer the question of how pest species evolve.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Descriptions of Some Native Trypetid Flies with Notes on Their Habits
    : I ~ ~12B ~ WI2.B Ii: I~ ~II~ 1.0 W ~ IIIII~ ~Iii 2.2 ~W .2 ~ ~ &:.; W &:.; Ii£ :rL\.l W :rL\.l W U M 1.1 ...... 1.1 .......'" M --- - III:! 1.8 111111.25 11111 1.4 111111.6 111111.25 11111 1.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU or SlANOARDS·196J-A NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A ~========~=~=~========~ TI!CHNICAL BJLLETIN No. 401 ~ JANUARY 1934 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D.C. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NATIVE TRYPETID FLIES WITH NOTES ON THEIR HABITS By FOSTER H. BENJAMIN, associate entomologist, Dit·ision" of Ident'ijication and Classification of Insects, BurealL of E 107llQlogy CONTENTS Page Page Introduction.•_•.•••••..•••••_.••_._._...... 1 The genus Ntaspilota Osten·Sncken.._..._.. 3~ Relationships and Rtructurul characters...... 2 Neaspilola achilleae Johnson. •. ......... 37 Charneters used in elllSSillcution .•.."""" 3 Ncaspi/o/a alba (Loew)..... ............ 3; Economic importance o( the group ... '''''' 7 lYeaspitota PILllcti.,ligma. n~w specie:,..... 38 Key to the genera and subgenern (ound in Neaspi/o/a dolosa, new species. _......_... 39 Florida................ .......•.••....••• 8 The ~ellus Parru:Ylla Hendel. .............._ 40 The genus Tru:olrvpa11U Gcrstaecker......... 10 ParoxUlla thomae (Curmn).... .......... 41 Tru:olrvpa11U curvicauda Oerstllecker...... II Parru:Yllu pieciola (Big;ot). .............. 42 The genus Rh"gokt~, Loow. .•.. .• . ..•. .•• t2 The genus Xanthaciura fiende!.. __ ...... .... 43 Rhdgoletill cillvulata (Loew). ............. 13 XU7lthacillTU i1lllecta (Lollw).............. 44 Rha()olet~y pomollellu (Walsh)............ 14 ~¥anthaciuHl cOInlaiollis, new spccies_ ___ 45 Rhagokti., zephvria Snow_....... .•.•.•.• 16 Xall/ilaciltTU letraSpill" (Phillips). __ ...__ 46 The genus Zonllllemata, new genus...... ..... 17 The genus Acinia Robinc!lu·Desvoidy.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Entomopathogenic Fungi Into IPM Programs: Studies Involving Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Affecting Horticultural Crops
    insects Review Integration of Entomopathogenic Fungi into IPM Programs: Studies Involving Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Affecting Horticultural Crops Kim Khuy Khun 1,2,* , Bree A. L. Wilson 2, Mark M. Stevens 3,4, Ruth K. Huwer 5 and Gavin J. Ash 2 1 Faculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 2696, Dangkor District, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 2 Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia; [email protected] (B.A.L.W.); [email protected] (G.J.A.) 3 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco, New South Wales 2703, Australia; [email protected] 4 Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia 5 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, New South Wales 2477, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +61-46-9731208 Received: 7 September 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Simple Summary: Horticultural crops are vulnerable to attack by many different weevil species. Fungal entomopathogens provide an attractive alternative to synthetic insecticides for weevil control because they pose a lesser risk to human health and the environment. This review summarises the available data on the performance of these entomopathogens when used against weevils in horticultural crops. We integrate these data with information on weevil biology, grouping species based on how their developmental stages utilise habitats in or on their hostplants, or in the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Hot Peppers As a Host for the Mexican Fruit Fly Anastrepha Ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)
    Scientific Notes 603 HOT PEPPERS AS A HOST FOR THE MEXICAN FRUIT FLY ANASTREPHA LUDENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) DONALD B. THOMAS United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, 2413 E. Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 On the 28th of April, 2003, a shipment of man- will breed in rotting vegetable matter including zano chile peppers (Capsicum pubescens Ruis & chile peppers, but these are non-pest species, and Pavon cv Rocoto) entering the United States at this incident involved sound fruit (Fig. 1). No Pharr, Texas, was found to be infested with insect dipterans are listed as economic pests of chile pep- larvae. USDA inspectors first noted maggots pers by English & Lewis (2004). Baker et al. crawling in the bed of the truck underneath the 16 (1944) cited incidents of A. ludens in “bell peppers cardboard boxes (240 Kg) containing the chile pep- and chili peppers” and there are equally ambigu- pers. Further inspection confirmed that the larvae ous reports of another tephritid, Zonosemata vitti- were in, and emerging from, the fleshy pods. Two gera (Coquillet), taken in “peppers” (Cole 1969). of the larvae were immediately preserved in alco- Zonosemata electa (Say) is known as the “pepper hol while 50 more larvae were kept alive. All spec- maggot” (Peterson 1960) and has been reared imens were hand carried to the nearby USDA- from “Capsicum annuum L.” (Smith & Bush ARS laboratory in Weslaco, Texas for identifica- 1999). The latter solanaceous plant species in- tion. Microscopic examination established that cludes both hot and sweet peppers.
    [Show full text]
  • IOBC/WPRS Working Group “Integrated Plant Protection in Fruit
    IOBC/WPRS Working Group “Integrated Plant Protection in Fruit Crops” Subgroup “Soft Fruits” Proceedings of Workshop on Integrated Soft Fruit Production East Malling (United Kingdom) 24-27 September 2007 Editors Ch. Linder & J.V. Cross IOBC/WPRS Bulletin Bulletin OILB/SROP Vol. 39, 2008 The content of the contributions is in the responsibility of the authors The IOBC/WPRS Bulletin is published by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, West Palearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS) Le Bulletin OILB/SROP est publié par l‘Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Intégrée contre les Animaux et les Plantes Nuisibles, section Regionale Ouest Paléarctique (OILB/SROP) Copyright: IOBC/WPRS 2008 The Publication Commission of the IOBC/WPRS: Horst Bathon Luc Tirry Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Federal University of Gent Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Laboratory of Agrozoology Institute for Biological Control Department of Crop Protection Heinrichstr. 243 Coupure Links 653 D-64287 Darmstadt (Germany) B-9000 Gent (Belgium) Tel +49 6151 407-225, Fax +49 6151 407-290 Tel +32-9-2646152, Fax +32-9-2646239 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Address General Secretariat: Dr. Philippe C. Nicot INRA – Unité de Pathologie Végétale Domaine St Maurice - B.P. 94 F-84143 Montfavet Cedex (France) ISBN 978-92-9067-213-5 http://www.iobc-wprs.org Integrated Plant Protection in Soft Fruits IOBC/wprs Bulletin 39, 2008 Contents Development of semiochemical attractants, lures and traps for raspberry beetle, Byturus tomentosus at SCRI; from fundamental chemical ecology to testing IPM tools with growers.
    [Show full text]
  • Artículos Originales
    BOLETIN DEL MUSEO ENTOMOLÓGICO FRANCISCO LUÍS GALLEGO ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES SPECIES OF THE BEETLE GENUS ANTHONOMUS GERMAR, 1817 (CURCULIONIDAE: CURCULIONINAE: ANTHONOMINI) OF QUARANTINE IMPORTANCE INTERCEPTED AT U.S. PORTS OF ENTRY Allan H. Smith-Pardo. Entomologist. USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 389 Oyster Point Blvd., Suite 2, South San Francisco, CA. 94080. United States of America. [email protected] Abstract This paper presents a discussion on the taxonomy of weevils of the genus Anthonomus and presents diagnostic characters useful for the identification of adult and immature stages of the genus. In addition, I ran a search in the USDA’s AQAS database for interceptions of species of Anthonomus of quarantine importance that have been intercepted at United States ports of entry. In total, six species of quarantine importance have been intercepted: Anthonomus flavus, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus melanosticus, Anthonomus pomorum, Anthonomus rubi, and Anthonomus sisyphus. Photographs and information on the origin and hosts of these interceptions are included. Key words Weevil, pest, crop, imported commodities, diagnostic character Resumen En este artículo se presenta una discusión acerca de la taxonomía de escarabajos- picudos del genero Anthonomus y se presentan los caracteres diagnósticos para la identificación de estadios inmaduros y de adultos. Adicionalmente, se hizo una búsqueda de las intercepciones de especies del genero Anthonomus de 7 Volumen 7 • Número 1 Marzo • 2015 importancia cuarentenaria en los EEUU plants of the family Rosaceae and is an que han sido interceptados en puertos de important pest of strawberry (Fragaria x entrada. En total se han interceptado seis ananassa) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus); especies de importancia cuarentenaria and the pepper weevil, Anthonomus de acuerdo a la base de datos AQAS del eugenii, which feeds on plants of the USDA: Anthonomus flavus, Anthonomus genus Capsicum and Solanum] or as grandis, Anthonomus melanosticus, biological control agents of invasive Anthonomus pomorum, Anthonomus rubi plants [e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Carpophilus Beetle in Almonds
    JANUARY 2016 ALL ABOUT ALMONDS ORCHARD MANAGEMENT MANAGING CARPOPHILUS BEETLE IN ALMONDS PRELIMINARY MONITORING GUIDELINES, ATTRACT & KILL GUIDELINES FOR 2016 - 2017 SEASON CARPOPHILUS IN ALMONDS project includes research on the KEY POINTS distribution of different Carpophilus Carpophilus beetles comprise many species throughout orchards and in species with different preferences different almond growing regions, Almonds are most vulnerable to attack from for fruit type and fruit ripening/ testing whether the “stonefruit” lure Carpophilus Beetle during hull split. maturing stage. In recent years, is effective in almonds and how its Pheromone and co-attractant are much less almond growers have indicated potency might be improved, and effective when used separately rather than in significant crop losses due to determining the most effective combination. Carpophilus, and there is an urgent spacing of A&K traps to achieve need for an Attract and Kill (A&K) control. High priority blocks to monitor are likely to system that can control these This article contains information on include those that experience excessive pests, particularly in the ‘hull-split’ how best to apply an A&K strategy to moisture retention and humidity. development stage when almonds monitor and control Carpophilus in are most vulnerable to attack. During It is suggested that growers start with at least almonds using the current stonefruit the 2014/15 and 2015/16 seasons, one trap per orchard block (approx. 20 ha). lure. We consider this an interim five species of Carpophilus were guide for interested growers, and as detected in samples from traps in Carpophilus starts to become active and able we continue our research we aim to almond orchards, and concerns that to fly to traps as temperatures increase in provide growers with more detailed beetle populations could escalate late winter/early spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) on Annona Spp
    Scientific Notes 475 EFFECT OF PHEROMONE BAIT STATIONS FOR SAP BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) ON ANNONA SPP. FRUIT SET J. E. PEÑA1, A. CASTIÑEIRAS1, R. BARTELT2 AND R. DUNCAN1 1University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280 St., Homestead FL 33031 2USDA-ARS-Midwest Area National Center for Agriculture, 1815 N University St., Peoria IL 61604 Atemoya, Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola Miller, and sugar apple, A. squamosa, have importance for the tropical fruit industry in Florida, but their yields are unreliable. This is so because fruit set is erratic due to highly variable pollination and physiological stress. Flowers of atemoyas and sugar apples initially undergo a fe- male phase during which stigmas are receptive, and later they have a male phase when the anthers split to shed pollen, but the stigmas are no longer receptive (Gotts- berger 1970). This prevents autogamy (i.e., fertilization of ovules by pollen from the same flower) (Nadel and Peña 1994). Most Annonaceae species are cantharophilous (beetle-pollinated), and a few are sapromyophilus (fly-pollinated) or thrips-pollinated (Gottsberger 1985). Cross pollination of Annona spp. can be carried out by sap beetles (Nitidulidae) (Reiss 1971, Nagel et al. 1989, George et al. 1992). In south Florida, nit- idulid pollinators are in the genera Carpophilus (six species) and Haptoncus (one spe- cies) (Nadel and Peña 1994). Gottsberger (1985) suggested that the Annonaceae and other primitive plants with cantharophilous pollination had evolved a specialized pol- lination system by releasing heavy floral volatiles that attract certain beetle species. For example, atemoya flowers open mid- to late afternoon and allow beetles enter.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Beetles (Coleoptera) Collected from the Dartington Hall Estate, 2013 by Dr Martin Luff
    Report on beetles (Coleoptera) collected from the Dartington Hall Estate, 2013 by Dr Martin Luff. 1. Introduction This year has been a particularly busy one for my work on the beetles of the Estate. I recorded numbers of species on 11 separate dates from April (at the end of the cold spring) through to mid- November. The generally warm and dry summer enabled me to record much more by sweeping herbaceous vegetation around field margins, especially in Hill Park. At the end of May I was assisted by an old friend of mine, and former fellow student, Dr Colin Welch (RCW), who is an authority on the Staphylinidae (rove beetles). I was also provided with the contents of the nest boxes from Dartington Hills in February and September, thanks to Will Wallis and Mike Newby. Finally Mary Bartlett again encouraged me to examine the fauna of her compost heap in November. 2. Results A total of 201 beetle species from 35 families were recorded. This is considerably more than in any previous year that I have collected at Dartington. Of these, 85 species were not recorded in my earlier lists (Luff, 2010-12). The overall number of species that I have recorded from the Estate is now 369, which is almost 10% of the entire British beetle fauna. The bird nest boxes yielded 13 species, with over half being new to the Estate, despite having examined the boxes in previous years; the contents of the boxes were also rather different between spring and autumn, with only four species common to both.
    [Show full text]
  • 13-09-03-Chilli-Manual
    PIP GUIDE TO GOOD CROP PROTECTION PRACTICES FOR CHILLIES (Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum chinense) AND SWEET PEPPERS (Capsicum annuum) COLEACP is an interprofessional network promoting sustainable horticultural trade. The PIP Programme, implemented by COLEACP, has two overriding objectives: to enable ACP companies to comply with European food safety and traceability requirements; and to consolidate the position of small-scale producers in the ACP horticultural export sector. www.coleacp.org/pip PIP is fi nanced by the European Development Fund. Programme PIP COLEACP - UGPIP The present document was produced with the support of the European Development Fund. The opinions expressed herein represent those of COLEACP/PIP and do not portray the offi cial views Rue du Trône, 98 bte 3 - B-1050 Brussels - Belgium of the European Commission. Tel.: +32 (0)2 508 10 90 - Fax: +32 (0)2 514 06 32 1. Main pests and diseases Document drawn up by PIP/MU with the technical collaboration of: The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Plant Health Division/ Horticultural Programme The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology. P. O. Box 30772-0100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: +254 (0) 20 863 2000 Fax: + 254 (0) 20 863 2001 and 863 2002 Home Page: http//www.icipe.org Pictures credits: - Gilles Delhove - ICIPE : A.M. Varela, B. Nyambo, A.A. Seif Note The Guide to Good Plant Protection Practices details all plant protection practices regarding the production of the fruit or vegetables in question and recommends primarily the active substances supported by pesticides manufacturers in the framework of EU Directive 91/414, which must comply with European standards for pesticide residues.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nitidulidae and Kateretidae of Sardinia: Recent Data and Updated Checklist (Coleoptera) *
    ConseRVaZione haBitat inVeRteBRati 5: 447–460 (2011) CnBfVR The Nitidulidae and Kateretidae of Sardinia: recent data and updated checklist ( Coleoptera)* Paolo AUDISIO Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Borelli 50, I-00161 Rome, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] *In: Nardi G., Whitmore D., Bardiani M., Birtele D., Mason F., Spada L. & Cerretti P. (eds), Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests network. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5: 447–460. ABSTRACT This paper deals with the Coleoptera Nitidulidae and Kateretidae collected in Sardinia during the surveys organized by Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale "Bosco Fontana" of Verona in 2003–2008, with a few selected additional data collected on the island by the author during entomological trips carried out in 1982–2008, and by several Italian and European entomologists in the last few decades. The paper is also completed with the updated checklist of the species so far recorded from the island, including those based on a few unpublished data or extracted from recently examined material. 79 species (73 Nitidulidae, including 10 the presence of which is based only on very doubtful ancient records, and 6 Kateretidae) are listed for Sardinia. The updated list includes two species endemic to the Corso-Sardinian System: Sagittogethes nuragicus (Audisio & Jelínek, 1990), and Thymogethes foddaii (Audisio, De Biase & Trizzino, 2009) n. comb. Sagittogethes minutus (C. Brisout de Barneville, 1872) is recorded for the fi rst time from continental Italy (SE Calabria). Key words: Nitidulidae, Kateretidae, Sardinia, faunistics.
    [Show full text]
  • Carpophilus Mutilatus) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Relation to Different Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 6443
    Nor-Atikah et al.: Evaluation on colour changes, survival rate and life span of the confused sap beetle (Carpophilus mutilatus) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in relation to different concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) - 6443 - EVALUATION OF COLOUR CHANGES, SURVIVAL RATE AND LIFE SPAN OF THE CONFUSED SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus mutilatus) (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) IN DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) NOR-ATIKAH, A. R. – HALIM, M. – NUR-HASYIMAH, H. – YAAKOP, S.* Centre for Insect Systematics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; phone: +60-389-215-698 (Received 8th Apr 2020; accepted 13th Aug 2020) Abstract. This study conducted in a rearing room (RR) (300-410 ppm) and in an open roof ventilation greenhouse system (ORVS) (800-950 ppm). No changes observed on Carpophilus mutilatus colouration after treatment in the ORVS. The survival rate increased from 61.59% in the F1 to 73.05% in the F2 generation reared in the RR. However, a sharp decline was observed from 27.05% in F1 to 1.5% in F2 in the ORVS. There was significant difference in number of individuals between RR and ORVS in F1 and F2 (F 12.76 p= 0.001< 0.05). The life span of F1 and F2 in the RR took about 46 days to complete; 7-21 days from adult to larvae stage, 5-15 days from the larval to pupal stage and 3-10 days from adult to pupal stage. Whereas in ORVS, F1 and F2 took about 30 and 22 days, respectively to complete their life cycles; that is 7-14, 7-14 days (adult to larval stage), 5-10, 0-5 days (larval to pupal stage) and 3-6, 0-3 days (pupal to adult stage), respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Regulating the Population Dynamics and Damage Potential of Pollen Beetle (Meligethes Aeneus F.) on Crops of Oilseed Rape
    Factors regulating the population dynamics and damage potential of pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) on crops of oilseed rape Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Agrarwissenschaften der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Marie-Luise Tölle geboren in Gifhorn Göttingen, Mai 2014 D 7 1. Referentin/Referent: Prof. Dr. Stefan Vidal 2. Korreferentin/Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Andreas von Tiedemann Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 12.05.2011 Contents Table of contents page Chapter I General introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 The pest: Meligethes aeneus ............................................................................................. 2 Factors influencing the population dynamics of pollen beetle ............................................ 3 Possible effects of insecticides on population growth and damage of pollen beetle ........... 4 Parasitoids and parasitisation of pollen beetle ................................................................... 5 Trap cropping in oilseed rape ............................................................................................ 6 References ........................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter II Cultivar and phenology of winter oilseed rape affect the abundance and reproduction of Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius) ......................................................................................11
    [Show full text]