October· 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31725
You cannot have any housing for the Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I thank the RECESS Chair. elderly unless you apply for subsidized Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, housing for family units. It is a rural if there be no further business to come area. We have no need for public hous- PROGRAM before the Senate, I move, in accordance ing. Our only need is with the elderly. with the previous order, that the Senate Mr. President, is it any wonder that Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, stand in recess until the hour of 12 noon people everywhere are critical of Gov- the Senate will convene at 12 o'clock on Monday. ernment, losing faith in it; and, hence, noon on Monday, October 6, and con- T he motion w as agreed to; and at by their words destroying the faith of sideration will be resumed of the pend- others in Government. 3:10 p.m., the Senate recessed until Mon- ing gas deregulation legislation, S. 2310. day, October 6, 1975, at 12 noon. I say to you Congress ought to find After the tw o leaders or their des- out what is going on in HUD, and there ignees have been recognized under the ought to be a renovation from basement standing order on Monday, the follow- NOMINATIONS to attic, and they ought to quit trying ing Senators will be recognized, each for to run people's lives and making deci- Executive nominations received by the not to exceed 15 minutes and in the order Senate October 3, 1975: sions that can better be made at the stated: Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD, Mr. GRIF- local level. FIN, Mr. MANSFIELD. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Mr. President, I feel very deeply about T here will then be a period for the Morton Corn, of Pennsylvania, to be an this. I do hope the committee will serious- Assistant Secretary of Labor, vice John H. transaction of routine morning business Stender, resigning. ly consider taking the housing for the of not to exceed 15 minutes, with state- elderly in the rural areas away from ments limited therein to 3 minutes each. HUD and putting it in the same agency At the conclusion of the period for that provides direct loans and insured the transaction of routine morning busi- CONFIRMATIONS loans for the building of homes—the ness the Senate will resume considera- Farm and Home Administration. tion of S. 2310. Rollcall votes may occur Executive nominations confirmed by Mr. President, I yield the floor. on Monday. the Senate October 3, 1975: Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I Beginning with Tuesday, and contin- IN THE A RMY thank the Senator from Nebraska for his uing daily throughout the week, the ses- The following-named officer under the pro- very useful remarks. sions will likely be long, with early con- vision of title 10, United States Code, section Mr. President, I move that the Senate venings and late adjournments. I think 3066, to be assigned to a position of impor- concur in the amendments of the House tance and responsibility designated by the I should emphasize and reiterate the President under subsection (a) of section of Representatives to the amendments prospect that was voiced by Mr. MANS- 3066, in grade as follows: of the Senate numbered 2, 3, 5, 55, 56, 57, FIELD earlier today of a possible Satur- To be lieutenant general and 59. day session next week so that Senators The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques- Maj. Gen. George Sammet, Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx , will arrange their schedules accord- U.S. Army. tion is on agreeing to the motion of the ingly. Senator from Wisconsin. The necessity for both long daily ses- IN THE N A VY A N D MA RIN E CORPS The motion was agreed to. sions and a possible Saturday session lies Navy nominations beginning Bernard J. B ortz, to be commander, and ending Lt. in the fact it is urgent that the Senate Oscar N. McNeil, to be permanent lieutenant ORDER OF BUSINESS act finally, if possible, on legislation deal- (j.g.) and temporary lieutenant, which nom- ing with the natural gas emergency, and inations w ere received by the Senate and The PRESIDING OFFICER. What is also on the Sinai technicians proposal appeared in the Congressional Record on the will of the Senate? before the Senate goes home for a week. September 3, 1975. Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I sug- If the House overrides the President's Navy nominations beginning Richard E. gest the absence of a quorum. veto of the school lunch bill which, I un- Strutner, to be ensign, and ending Jose 0. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Morales, to be commander, which nomina- derstand, is scheduled for Tuesday in tions were received by the Senate and ap- will call the roll. the other body, the Senate will immedi- peared in the Congressional Record on Sep- The assistant legislative clerk pro- ately vote on the override on receipt of tember 3, 1975. ceeded to call the roll. the House message in the Senate. Navy nominations beginning Richard Lewis Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Conference reports and other meas- Aarnes, to be lieutenant, and ending Linda I ask unanimous consent that the order ures may also come up next week. But Marie Tomes, to be lieutenant, which nomi- for the quorum call be rescinded. the two main pieces of business will be nations were received by the Senate and ap- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the gas bill and the Sinai technicians peared in the Congressional Record on Sep- tember 16, 1975. objection, it is so ordered. proposal. M arine Corps nominations beginning Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I urge that all Senators keep in mind Joseph S. Agee, to be colonel, and ending what is the pending business before the the long daily sessions T uesday and Andrew D. Zinn, to be first lieutenant, which Senate? thereafter, with a Saturday session likely nominations were received by the Senate and The PRESIDING OFFICER. S. 2310 is if the business cannot be cleaned up appeared in the Congressional Record on Sep- the pending business before the Senate. beforehand. tember 3, 1975.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
PUBLIC POLICY AND THE FUTURE that distorts or ignores the reality of We have no national policy for enriching OF AGING growing old in America. the lives of our parents. Worse, the patch- This week, the National Council on the work of well-intentioned programs which, in piecemeal fashion, address the problems of Aging is holding its 25th annual confer- the aging have been poorly planned, under- HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY ence in this city. Our colleague from funded, understaffed, and undercut by those OF NEW YORK Arizona, Representative MORRIS K. charged with carrying them out. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES UDALL, was a featured speaker at that The outlook for older Americans today is conference, delivering an address on bleak. It is getting bleaker. And it cannot Friday, O ctober 3, 1975 "Public Policy and the Future of Aging." get better until all of us—professionals in Mr. DOW NEY of New York. Mr. In his speech, Representative UDALL the field, policy-makers in government, the analyzes the plight of our elderly— young, and the elderly themselves—look be- Speaker, there are 21 million Americans hind w hat it means to be old in America. over the age of 65. T'ney share the prob- poverty, failing health, decaying hous- lems of all of us, but their difficulties are ing, and particular vulnerability to crime. Representative UDALL proceeds to set compounded by "ageism"—the pervasive Surveying Government's response to the forth a number of specific proposals to attitude of our youth-oriented society problems, he concluded: help relieve the misery suffered by too 31726 EXTENSIONS OF-REMARKS October 3, 1975 many of our elders. His suggestions de the moral and legal brilliance of Holmes and the brown-and the gray. With limited in serve the active consideration of all of Black and Hand-all reached their greatest come and uncertain life expectancy, they a.re us in Congress, for our actions wm pro heroics years and decades beyond the age of shut oif from mortgage money and a.re foundly influence the shape of life, not 60. forced into other, more crowded substandard merely for the aged today; old age is the If, as I am convinced, the age of cheap housing further from their families and and abundant natural resources is irrevocably from essential commercial and governmental destiny of every human being, and our over, there can be no higher national priority services. Impoundments and red-lining assure actions do much to determine whether or than the full and creative cultivation of our that there are no funds to maintain or im not it will be an empty legacy. human resources-resources that flourish prove these neighborhoods. The text of Representative UnALL's with age and experience. We must heed the And the aged are the ea lest targets for speech follows: words of the philosopher Paul Weiss-himself the crime inevitably bred by such over a. victim of age discrimination while at the PUBLIC POLICY AND THE FUTURE OF AGING crowding and squalor. In 1970, more than height of his intellectual powers-who said, one third of the crime victims in the Dis I would like to think that this Bicenten "America will never be of age until it knows nial Year, marked by celebration and reflec trict of Columbia were over 50. A study made how to make full use of its people, no matter last year involving elderly residents from tion on our heritage, will also be the time what their color, sex or years." that America finally becomes aware of and 54 different low-rent housing environments Yet the men and women who brought this showed a pervasive fear of crime: two-thirds makes a commitment to end the last and country out of a shattering depression and most pervasive segregation in our country. I restricted their daytime activities in some a cataclysmic world war today are discarded way, and 60 percent never left home at do not need to tell this audience what that by society. The actions of their President night. is. tell them, in effect, "We have no further use In a country that seems to be obsessed for you; we cannot afford to make use of These are some of the problems. There are with youth and with staying young, the your talents and your desire to continue many others-a transportation system that problems of the elderly have been given working; we cannot afford to help you keep all but excludes those who do not drive; short shrift. The programs we developed in and improve your homes; we cannot afford to environmental pollution that breeds heart the last decade are a good beginning, but preserve your health; we cannot afford to and respiratory disease; nutritional deficien they have often fallen far short of expecta keep you out of a bleak and fear-ridden cies; I'm sure anyone here could name a tions, reflecting our half-hearted commit poverty." dozen more. ment to real help for these 21 million Amer We have no national policy for enriching Faced with prejudice, with poverty, with icans. the lives of our parents. Worse, the patch disease, with .fear, aging Americans have The problems of the elderly have not yet work of well-intentioned programs which, in sought help from the government. They become a popular cause like the Civil Rights piecemeal fashion, address the problems of have received endless reassurance, countless movement of the 60's, or the Women's Move the aging have been poorly planned, under pious expressions of concern. But the seven ment and the environmental cause of the funded, understaffed, and undercut by those year record of the current Administration 70's. Their problems are still only dimly un charged with carrying them out. demonstrates no more sensitivity to the derstood. They are just beginning to at The outlook for older Americans today is needs of the aging than it has shown to the tract attention among the bulk of citizens bleak. It is getting bleaker. And it cannot get needs of other disadvantaged. and policy makers. better until all of us--pro!essionals in the The Administration has opposed full cost The way we treat our older citizens in field, policy-makers in government, the of-living increases for Social Security recip this country is like certain ancient tribal young, and the elderly themselves-look be ients; societies, where a person who became too hind the stereotypes and idealizations and The Administration has attempted to in old for hunting and warfare wa.s placed cer understand what it means to be old in crease the share of Medicare borne by the emonially on a raft and allowed to float down America. elderly; a river. . It means economic hardship. One in four The Administration opposes National In modern society we repeat in many Americans over the age of 65 lives below the Health Insurance in any form; symbolic ways that ceremony. We who par official poverty line. Another quarter cannot The Administ1·a.tion has vetoed attempts ticipate 1n it doubt its validity, fear its Im· afford the official "modest but adequate" to extend and expand the Older Americans plications for ourselves~ yet yield to ~hat standard of living. Only one in six is em Act; appears to be its necessity in the pursutt of ployed at even a part-time paying job. Sixty The Administration has frozen subsidized our immediate preoccupations. percent receive no pension benefits. housing programs and, for a time, entirely There must always be a justifying my In this poverty, older Americans must de eliminated the most successful of these ef thology when a dominant group systemati vote 80 percent of their income to food, forts, Sec. 202 housing for the_elderly; cally disadvantages a less powerful minority. shelter, health ca.re and transportati~n The Administration attempted to increase In this case, we have developed two stereo areas where prices have frequently risen the price of food stamps from 23 to 30 per types of the aged to justify our neglect faster than the national inflation rate while cent of the recipient's net income; serenity and senility. Social Security "catch-up" increases lag a The Administration has failed for a year On the one hand our images of old age year or more behind. to name a director for the National Institute are idealized images of the beloved and Being old in America means taking the on Aging; tranquil grandparents, the wise elders, the leftovers from a health ca.re system that The Administration has attempted to erect serene and gracious white-haired matriarch caters to the young. The 10 percent of our demeaning, intrusive barriers of red-tape at dispensing Wisdom from the kitchen or the people over 65 account for 28 percent of the the door of Senior Citizen Centers; patriarch from the front porch rocker. On nation's total medical blll. Yet Medicare The Administration has channelled only 4 the other hand, the opposite image dispar for all the good it has done-pays less than percent of emergency employment funds to ages the aged. Old age is viewed as irrever 40% of the medical bills of its recipients, the 35 percent of our work force over the sible decay, decrepitude and loss of mental and the proportion has been declining. The age of 45; powers. strength of the medical lobby has prevented At a time when economic distress deals The Louis Harris poll commissioned by thifi needed changes in the health ca.re delivery most cruelly with the aged, the Administra organization found that younger people re system, perpetuating needless inefficiencies tion has attempted to reduce the budget for garded the aged as an "inept, ineffectual, that drive the costs of Medicare skyward. services to the elderly by $2 billion; physically depleted group waiting for death." The first, halting steps toward such a The Administration has mishandled the We see them as rigid, querulous and resist change-the national Professional Services SSI program from the outset, with inade ant to change; narrow and superficial in Review Council set up to determine whether quate staffing, insufficient planning, and in intellectual activity; and almost univer services paid for by Medicare and Medicaid competent leadership-and I doubt that sally senile. are medically necessary-has not one mem there is anyone in this room who doesn't ex Most tragically of all, these stereotypes ber with a background in or special knowl pect to see these self-inflicted shortcomings are self-perpetuating. Cut oft' from the so edge of geriatrics. used as an excuse to reduce assistance to ciety they built, their self-esteem under We have lengthened the lifespan of our the destitute and the disabled. mined by prejudice and discrimination, too people by eliminating many of the diseases In many ways, the problems of the aging many of our elderly lapse into patterns of of youth, but we mask our failure to address reflect wider social failures, and can only be despair and decay simply because they are the health needs of the elderly by ascribing cured by fundamental reforms in our social afforded no opportunity to remain active. and economic institutions. But we should in Yet we need not look far to find abundant their illnesses to "old age", and by putting sist that these changes be undertaken with evidence that old age need not mean physical the elderly out of sight in nursing homes a special sensitivity to the needs of old and mental disability. Hoyt Ca.tlin, honored that, as periodic Investigations reveal so people. here yesterday, began at 65 to bulld a multi shockingly, are often little more than wait We must shatter the myth that a person's million dollar enterprise with the help of ing rooms for death. social productivity ends at the age of 65. A his contemporaries. The artistry of a Picasso, Being old in America also means living few moments ago I mentioned a few famous a Casa.ls, a Rubenstein is not cut off at 65. 1n fear. Urban renewal programs too often individuals who disprove any such conten The heroic leadership of Winston Churchill, have destroyed vital neighborhoods, and tion; to that list we can add more than three the humanitarfa.nism of Albert Schweitzer, those most likely to suffer are the black, million elderly still in the labor-force, and Octobe1" 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31727 millions more who make non-economic con We are going to have National Health In issues, and ·to give the President independent tributions through volunteer work or family surance-if not in this Administration, then counsel,
cal solid waste problems. Fa.lrfax County pro contributions of the G~an American threw herself under the hoofs of the duces an average of 750 t.ons of solid waste population in the United States through King's horse at the Derby and became each day. Add tn the waste of Alexandria. out its history. As we honor General von Arlington. and D.C. and there are 3200 t.ons the women's movement's first martyr. of wast.e a day-that ts a grade A mess of Steuben. we honor also those German The series concludes on November 9 trash. Americans with whom his traits of spirit with "Sylvia Pankhurst" and victory. Fairfax County has a land burial site of and determination are a common value. Women finally win the vote as a direct about 100 acres on 1-66 and shares a site result of suffragette support of World (300 acres) with Alexandria.. Arlingt;on. and War I and Sylvia splits with the move D.C. on 1-95 at Lorton. The I-66 site wlll be ment because of her pacifist views and filled 1n about twelve months. The 1-95 site MASTERPIECE THEATER'S her involvement with the desperately will last a little longer. "SHOULDER TO SHOULDER" poor in London's East End. Mr. Speaker, Just supposing Fairfax. Alexa.ndrla. Ar lington and D.C. had a "trash-to-gas.. plant this admirable series is excellent enter 1n operation and used the gas to produce Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke tainment, as well as being a learning ex electricity-how much surplus electricity do OF CALIFORNIA perience. I recommend it to my collea you think would be produced a month? The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gues. answer ls 57,600,000KWH. There ts energy gold 1n those mountains of tl"ash. Friday, October 3, 1975 Would Prince Georges County like to join Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. IMPORTANT SEGMENTS OF I-75 In? Speaker, I would like to bring to the attention of my colleagues a special Mas terpiece Theater series dramatizing the GENERAL VON STEUBEN bitter tum-of-the-century struggle for HON. SAM GIBBONS British women's suffrage. Entitled OF FLORIDA HON. JEROME A. AMBRO "Shoulder to Shoulder,'' it will be broad IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW YOKX cast ln six parts, beginning this Sunday, Fri4ay, October 3, 1975 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES October 5 at 9 p.m. on Washington's Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, one of the Channel 26, WETA-TV. The remaining Friday, October 3, 1975 most important segments of I-75 is the segments will appear on October 12, Oc busy and vital Tampa bypass, but Fed Mr. AMBRO. Mr. Speaker. since the tober 19, October 26, November 2, and eral participation in constructing it is U.S. Senate passed a joint resolution in November9. greatly restricted. because of a provision 1961 authorizing the President to pro This excellent series focuses on the in the law. I have inU-oduced legislation claim September 17 of each year as Gen remarkable Pankhurst family-four in an attempt to expedite construction eral von Steuben Memorial Day, this women who mobilized a women's army and remove those restrictions. brave and brilliant German American to force political recognition of women. The 44.9 miles of the bypass were soldier has been formally recognized for The series was created and produced by added in 1969 to the interstate system his contributions in our war for inde three Englishwomen-Verity Lambert, under the Howard-Cramer Act which pendence. However recognition and ap Midge Mackenzie, and Tony awardwin was enacted in 1968. This act permitted preciation for General von Steuben date ner Georgia Brown, who also stars as the Secretary of Transportation to with far back in our history as a country. suffragette leader Annie Kenney in the draw mileage authorized under the in Gen. Friedrich Wilhelm von St.euben, PBS series. terstate system from a State and add to the son of a lieutenant of engineers in Midge Mackenzie, who first developed the mileage of another State, but it. re the army of King Frederick William I of the series from evidence buried in mu stricted the cost to the United States of Prussia, was raised in the life of the mili sewns, archives~ and private collections the portion transferred. Thus, while con tary. After entering the officer corps of in Britain. Europe, and the United struction costs have risen dramatically, the Prussian army at 17, von-Steuben be States, also used this written and vis the cost to complete the Tampa bypass came an expert at military training, or ual material for her documentary book, is limited to the cost estimate at the time ganization. and administration, while ris "Shoulder to Shoulder." The book fol of the transfer of the mileage from cali ing to general staff duty at the Royal lows. almost day by day and in their own fornia-or to $50 million-whereas, the Headquarters, a high honor for a young words, the suffragettes' personal account true cost to construct the bypass is closer soldier. of their fight for the vote. "Shoulder to to $200 million. The State of Florida's Sympathetic with the aims of the Shoulder" will be published in hardcover eligibility for 90/10 interstate highway American Revolutionary War, von Steu and paperback sumultaneously with the funds is based upon the $50 million esti ben arrived here in 1777 to offer his serv Masterpiece Theat.er broadcasts. mate, arrived at in 1969, rather than the ices as a volunteer. He brought with him Tracing the real-life story of the true cost of construction at today's prices. a technical training unknown in even the women's war to gain enfranchisement, 4 My legislation would provide that cost British army at the time. Providing a 'Shoulder to Shoulder" begins with "The estimates could be increased based on service which none of his contemporaries Pankhursts" on October 5 and the found construction cost increases up to the date were prepared to perform, von Steuben ing of the Women's Social and Political of enactment of Highway Act of 1975. transformed the untrained American vol Union in Manchester, England, with the thus Florida would be able to obtain Fed unteers into an army equal in discipline motto "Deeds, Not Words." The spread of eral funds for the Tampa bypass based on and skill to their British opponents. the suffragette movement to London is realistic, present-day costs of construc Many hisoorians claim von Steuben to depicted in episode tw-0, "Annie Ken tion. Other States, affected by the have been indispensable to the success of ney"-October 12-which centers on the Howard-Cramer provision in the law, the war. mill girl who brought workingclass could also revise their cost estimates. After the war von Steuben was voted women into what had been a primarily I have introduced two similar bills, citizenship and continued to make con upper-class struggle. H.R. 9944 suggested by the Florida De tributions to the American society as a How a member of that upper class is resident of New York. Besides being a tortured and forcibly fed in prison as the partment of Transportation, and H.R. prominent founder of the Society of Cin women encounter violent resistance 9945 prepared by the staff of the Public cinnati and a regent of the State Univer from a male-dominated government is Works and Transportation Comm1ttee. I sity of New York, he was president of the shown in the third segment, "Lady Con have urged the chairman of the Subcom German Society. stance Lytton," to be shown October 19. mittee on Surface Transportation, Con As we approach our bicentennial, it is In the fourth episode on October 26, gressman HOWARD, to include language important to keep in mind many things Christabel Pankhurst, a militant femi to amend the Howard-Cramer Act in the aside from the events of 1776; the spirit nist, declares war on the government and highway legislation now under consider which followed and insured our growth women .fight men with fists and stones ation by the committee. At the present, has been equally important. The part in the streets of London. "Outrage," to it is my understanding that the commit which von St.euben played in gaining the be shown November 2, recalls the tragic tee expects to complet.e its consideration Nation's independence, underscores the sacrifice of Emily Wilding Davison, who of the highway bill by Thanksgiving. 31732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 THE WASHINGTON POST ENDORSES The arguments for reduced truck weights at Metropolitan Hospital In New York City -. -... REDUCING TRUCK WEIGHTS are compel.UDg. The American Trucking Ae In June of 196&; and sociation, representing the industry, wants Whereas Mrs. Jackson has executed her heavier trucks because they mean greater duties at the Charles Harwood Memorial productivity out of both labor and equip· Hospital as a Specialist In Maternity and ; HON. EDWARD I. KOCH ment. It isn't at all clear, however, that this Newborn Child Care up to the date of her OF NEW YORK trade-off is sound when measured against retirement on June 30, 1975; and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the hazards to motorists and the damage to Whereas it is the will of this Legislature the roadways. On the contrary, the evidence that the dedication and good works of Mrs. Friday, October 3, 1975 at the moment argues strongly In favor of a Jackson be memoralized through the me Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, the House strict weight-watching program for the na· dium of this Resolution; Now, Therefore, Public Works Subcommittee on Surface tion's trucks. Be it resolved by the Legislature of the Vir gin Islands: Transportation has concluded hearings SECTION 1. That Mrs. Ann Marie Stewart on this year's Federal Aid Highway Act. Jackson, Registered Nurse is hereby cited, I am hopeful that the new bill will in THREE OUTSTANDING vm.GIN honored and congratulated on the occasion clude provisions reducing truck weights ISLANDERS of her retirement from professional nursing on our Nation's highways to safer, more for her more than thirty-four (34) years of reasonable levels which would also result devoted and dedicated service to the Govern in less cost to taxpayers for highway HON. RON DE LUGO ment and the People of the Virgin Islands in maintenance. her chosen profession on the Island of St. 01" THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Croix, for which the Legislature, on its own For the information of my colleagues, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES behalf and on behalf of the People of the I am submitting for the RECORD a copy of Virgin Islands, commended her for a job today's Washington Post editorial, which Friday, October 3, 1975 well done. endorses my legislation to reduce truck Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, it fs my SEC. 2. That a perma plaque copy of this weights: distinct pleasure to have the opportunity Resolution be prepared and presented to TRUCK-WEIGHT WATCHING t.o recognize three outstanding Virlln Mrs. Ann Marie Stewart Jackson by the Presi dent Of the Legislature or his designee at Motorists using the nation's interstate Islanders who have dedicated their work an appropriate ceremony held for that pur h ighways may or may not have noticed the ing lives to the services of the Govern pose. heavier trucks now thumping along. But ment and people of the Virgin Islands. Thus passed by the Legislature of the Vir t hanks to some adroit maneuvering by con gin Islands on August 29, 1975. gressional allies of the trucking and shipping I would llke to extend my sincerest industries, the heavier trucks are definitely commendation to Mrs. Etherlin Maria rolling. The exact number of the new levia• Thomas Emanuel, who is retiring after RilsoLUTION No. 759 t hians may not be known but whatever the 38 years of devoted service as a regis [Blli No. 6825, Eleventh Legislat ure of the figure--among a total of 417,000 trucks In tered nurse in various hospitals in the Virgin Islands of the United States, regular t he heaviest class-the two industries worked Virgin Islands; Mrs. Ann Marie Stewart 8esBlon. 19761 hard to persuade Congress and government Jackson who is also retiring after more Resolution to honor Mrs. Etherlin Maria officials to increase the weight allowances. than 34 years of professional nursing Thomas Emanuel on the Occasion of Her Re During the Nixon administration, Transpor tirement From the Profession of Registered tation Secretary John Volpe resisted the pe· services in the Islands: and Mrs. Gwen Nurse a.t the Charles Harwood Memorial titions, on the ground of safety. As late as dolyn A. Neptune, who is retiring after Hospital August 1974, Congress voted by 252 to 159 more than 33 years as an outstandJng Whereas Mrs. Etherlin Maria Thomas against a bill allowing a weight Increase cook for the dietary division of the De Emanuel was born on January 30, 1920, in (from 73,280 pounds to 80,000 pounds). But partment of Health. Hartford. Connecticut, to Leonard Abram a few months later, this roadblock was neatly With your permission, I would like to son Thomas a.nd Joseph Emanuel Thomas, skirted when the weight provisions were submit these three resolutions as passed both Virgin Islanders; and passed under another bill, one that did not by the 11th Legislature of the Virgin Is Whereas Mrs. Emanuel came to the Island aliow amendments because the conference of St. CrolX with her parents in 1921 and report was voted on without an opportunity lands, which honor these dedicated civil graduated from the St. Mary's Parochial for amendments. · servants. · School In Ohrlstiansted in 1937; and Because the original House vote was so Three resolutions to follow: Whereas Mrs. Emanuel's ambition to be decisive and because persuasive evidence still [Bill No. 6824, 11th Legislature of the Vlr· come a nurse was in evidence as a very small eXists that, when it comes to trucks, heavier gin Islands of the United States, regular chlld and continued throughout her school is far from better, Rep. Edward I. Koch (D· session, 1975] years, cu.Iminattng in her enrollment in the N.Y.) has proposed legislation that would re RESOLVTION No. '168 Nurses Tralnlng School a.t the Christiansted peal the heavier weights. It is noteworthy Municipal Hospital on August 9, 1937; and t hat although the Department of Transpor· Resolution to Honor Mrs. Ann Marie Stewart Whereas Mrs. Emanuel worked and trained ta.tion now supports the increases, its own Jackson on the Occaslon of Her Retire· as a nurse at said Municipal Hospital for 2 National Safety Advisory Committee takes ment From the Field of Professional Nurs years and subsequently transferred to the another view: "We strongly favor congres ing King's Hlll Home for the Aged in 1940 as sional repeal of the heavier truck legisla Whereas Mrs. Ann Marie Stewart Jackson Special Nurse, a position she held for 7 years; t ion and respectfully urge DOT to reconsider was born on April 14, 1914 on the Island of and it s position in light of both the increasingly St. C'roix and attended St. Patrick's School Whereas Mrs. Emanuel was able to ret ui·n available evidence on truck safety matters in Fl·ederiksted; and to the Christiansted Municipal Hospital, at and the still incomplete truck safety stud Whereas Mrs. Jackson entered the Nurs· half pay, In order to complete her training ies." Such a view reflects the fa.ct that a ing Service in Frederiksted Hospital on May as a Registered Nurse, a goal she achieved motorist has 10 times the chance of being 12, 1937, and graduated from the Nursing on September 30, 1948 when she graduated killed in a collision with a large truck than School conducted therein as a Registered from the Christiansted Municipal Hospital in a collision with another car. As if this is Nurse in 1941; and School of Nursing; and n ot sufficiently dangerous, the move tO bigger Whereas Mrs. Jackson worked as a Public Whereas Mrs. Emanuel has worked for the trucks comes at a moment when the public Health Nurse under the Work Projects Ad past 18 years In the Newborn and Premature is turning to smaller and lighter ca.rs. ministration (W.P.A.) from 1942 to 1946; Nursery at the Charles Harwood Memorial The support for repeal already has 55 and Hospital; and House cosponsors. The proposal was offered Whereas Mrs. Jackson commenced work at Whereas Mrs. Emanuel announced her re as part of this yea.r's Federal Highway Act the Christiansted Municipal Hospital In tirement from government service effective amendments. Support elsewhere is broad, in 1948, substituting as a nurse at King's Hill April 11, 1975; and cluding engineering groups, the AFL-CIO Home for the Aged and the Leper Asylum; Whereas it is the will of the Legislature and the American Automobile Association. and that Mrs. Emanuel's dedicated nursing ca In addition to the safety hazards, many Whereas Mrs. Jackson attended a pre reer should be memorialized through the groups oppose the larger trucks because of mat ure infants institute held in June of medium of this Resolution; Now, Therefore, t he damage they inflict to the roadway. The 1955 and was granted a license as a Regis Be it resolved. by the Legislatu,re of the n ew weights could mean as much as an an tered Professional Nurse to practice Nurse Virgin Islands: nual $100 million in highway maintenance. Midwifery in December of 1956; and SECTION 1. That Mrs. Etherlin Maria As for bridges, one engineering association Whereas Mrs. Jackson successfully com Thomas Emanuel, Registered Nurse, is here reports that some 24,000 of them on the fed· pleted a course on maternity and newborn by commended, honored and congratulated era.I highway system are in critical condition. care in April of 1964 as well as two-week on the occasion of her retirement from the More weight is what these bridges don't need. course on care of the newborn conducted nursing profession, fol' her nearly 38 years of :octobe-r 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS I :U733 devoted and dedicated service to the Govern among us; he leaves us as better persons satl_on up to 65 weeks for some jobless work ment and People of the Virgin Islands in the because we have felt the effects of his ers has been authorized. President Ford pro field of Professional Nursing on the Island great accomplishments. poses to extend these payments still further, Of St. Crollt. expand the coverage, a.nd raise the benefit SEc. 2. That a perms plaque copy of this Mr. Staufl'er served the 19th Congres· level. Indeed, in the 1lscal year 1976 domestic Resolution be prepared and presented. to Mrs. .sional District in the 83d and 85th Con· budget the largest single increase ls for un Etherlin Marla Thomas Emanuel by the gresses. I know that his family is entitled employment compensation. President of the Legislature or his deslgnee t.o great pride in the public service that A wide variety of other income surrogates at an appropriate ceremony held for that he was able to give this country and from or supplements have been put forth. The De purpose. their association with one of the out partment of Transportation funds "transpor standing personalities of our time. tation stamps," while the Federal Energy Resolution No. 760 And so, although we all will feel the Administration proposes "energy stamps" tG [Bill No. 6826, 11th Legislature of the Virgin loss of this great constituent, we will help the poor pay their rising utility bills. Islands of the United States, regular ses Others propose "clothing stamps" as well as sion 1975] more-so feel the joy for many decades to further expansion of the food-stamp program. come, of having had him serve as a Mem Democrats favor the payment of health Resolution to Honor Mrs. Gwendolyn A. Nep ber of our Congress. lnsurance premiums for the formerly em tune For Her More Than 33 Years of Out ployed, as well as Government loans to defer standing Performance As a Cook in the Dietary DiviSion of the Department of mortgage payments. Even the limited oppor Health THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF tunities afforded by public-service employ UNEMPLOYMENT ment are shunned. Everything 1S proposed, it Whereas :Mrs. Gwendolyn A. Neptune was seems, except income earned through a job. born on the Island of St. Crollt on April 27, The basic wealth of the country may be 1917; and HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS great enough to allow the trend toward sub Whereas Mrs. Neptune commenced work OF CALIFORNIA sidlzing unemployment to continue and even 11.s a cook in the Dietary Dlvlslon of the Vir to grow. But we need to give careful atten gin Islands Department of Health on Decem IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion to the consequences of a pollcy that ber 1, 1941; and Fr-iday, October 3, 1975 departs so radically from basic American Whereas on December 17, 1941, Mrs. Nep values. tune was assigned to the position of Assistant Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I am be Through work, people have not only earned Cook at the Leper Asylum in Chrlstiansted, coming increasingly concerned about the their living but, also derived much of their St. Croix, a position she held for two years; tendency in this current recession to in identity and feeling of self-confidence and and stitutionalize unemployment. We seem self-worth. Whereas Mrs. Neptune continued in her prepared to do everything but give people That the very foundations of their personal selfless service to the needy in her work at lives are shaken Is suggested by the evidence the Christtansted Municipal Hospital of serv jobs, even though the costs of keeping people out of work are staggering. By the indicating that when the unemployment rate ing food to needy families; and goes up so does the suicide rate, the rate of Whereas Mrs. Neptune devoted the remain end of this year, we will have spent $20 new admiSsions to mental hospitals, the rate der of her years of service to the Department billion for the payment of unemployment of new prison incarcerations, the rate of of Health as a cook at the Charles Harwood insurance benefits allotments to unem family breakups, and the rate of infant Memorial Hospital, from which position she ployed workers. In addition, an estimated mortality. retired on June 7, 1975; and $14 billion will have been lost to the U.S. And what of the effect on the larger so Whereas it ls the wlll of the Legislature Treasury in uncollected taxes from the ciety? There are the costs to the employed, that the devoted service of Mrs. Gwendolyn unemployed. Fortunately, the prudence whose hold on their own Jobs 1S made un A. Neptune be memorialized through the certain, whose real income is held down, and medium of this Resolution; Now, Therefore, of policy which emphasizes mere subsi whose collective-bargaining rights are Be it resolved by the Legislature of the dies for the unemployed, as opposed to threatehed; to the consumers, whose needs Virgin Islands: a more positive plan which includes the are unmet because of the diminishing stock SECTION 1. That Mrs. Gwendolyn A. Nep provision of productive jobs, is coming of goods and services produced; to the gen tune ls hereby commended, honored and under increasing attack in both the aca eral public, which suffers doubly from the congratulated on the occasion of her retire demic and political communities. loss of tax revenues that could be generated ment from the Dietary DiviSion of the Vir A splendid article on the subject of were the unemployed at work, and from the gin Islands Department of Health for her use of public funds to maintain Its jobless more than 33 years of dedicated and devoted institutionalization of unemployment in in members. Finally, there ls the cost to Amer service to that Division and to the people of this country appeared recently the icans generally as their confidence In the the Virgin Islands. New York Times. Written by Alan Gart abil1ty of their society to provide for the well SEc. 2. That a perms. plaque copy of this ner and Marjorie Gellerman, the article being of its people is increasingly eroded. Resolution be prepared and presented to Mrs. astutely traces the maladies attached to Yet the policies now being approved and Gwendolyn A. Neptune by the President of policy which merely subsidizes the un carried out may well htl.ve the effect of 1n the Legislature or his designee at an appro stitut1onaliz1.ng unemployment. Substitutes priate ceremony held for that purpose. employed. For the information of my col leagues, I wish to include in the RECORD for income earned through gainful employ ment do enable the recipient to survive but a complete copy of the text of this article: they can only reinforce the feelings of de GIVING THEM ANYTHING, IT SEEMS, BUT A JOB pendency, impotence and despair that accom MEMORIAL ADDRESS (By Alan Gartner and Marjorie Gellerman) pany unemployment. The United States ls on the brink of be It is possible to guarantee to every person coming a permanently divided society-a. willing and able to work a job at decent society deeply split between the ever fewer wages. While over the long run this can best HON. WILLIAM F. GOODLING who are employed and the ever more who, be achieved by comprehensive economlc OF PENNSYLVANIA while willing and able to work, cannot find planntng measures, in the short run public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employment on a sustained basis. service employment programs could drive the In the last two years, unemployment has unemployment rate down to 3 per cent in Friday, October 3, 1975 risen from 4.9 per cent to 8.4 per cent of the 18 months at a net cost of only $10.7 billion Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, when work force---or, in human terms, at last annually-in other words, at a cost of less Mr. Walter Stauffer of Pennsylvania re count, 9.4 million people could not find work, than half of the tax rebate that President cently died, the Nation lost a great and 8.2 m.llllon were "officially" unemployed, and Ford now talks about for next year. 1.2 million more were too diseouraged to seek And lt ls also possible to achieve the goal distinguished public servant who was a work. of full employment without 1ntensify1Dg our strong champion of freedom of peoples While the increase in unemployment had inflation problem-indeed, full employment, everywhere. been accompanied by downturns in the ma With increased production of goods and serv Such a great and honorable man as Mr. jor indicators of economic activity, recently ices, would be ant1-infiat1onary. The endemic Staufl'er is so rare to encounter in this the two trends have begun to diverge. Despite national problem of inflation, however, can world that we can only be thrilled by him the improvement 1n industrial-production probably only be resolved if the guarantee of and forever impressed by his great worth. levels and other leading economic indicators, a job is linked with a.ddltlonal measures such most economiSts, including those in the Ad as price and profit controls and credit and So many Pennsylvanians have been ministration, predict high levels of unem wage guidelines. touched by his death, that we can only ployment for the next several years. What seems strange, indeed, is that our be greatly moved on the event of his Meanwhile, nattona.1 policy initiatives leaders prefer a set of policies that deeply and passing. But he does not leave us with focus on ways not to end unemployment but dangerously divide -0ur society between those only floating memories of his presence to soften its effects. Unemployment coinpen- who may work and those who may not. 31734 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 THE SOCIAL SECURITY APPEALS are strong indications that a substantial "NATIONAL SUICIDE" PROCESS number of cases are appealed only toward the very end of the six-month period, and in many of these cases a reversal of the prior HON. LARRY McDONALD decision takes place because the claimant's HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER OF GEORGIA OF NEW YORK condition has deteriorated substantially dur• ing that time period. By reducing the time IN TH:Ji! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in which a claimant may file an appeal, we Friday, October 3, 1975 Friday, October 3, 1975 will eliminate many of these situations in which a disabling condition deteriorates, and Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, tod~ in those cases where there is a worsening of Speaker, I wonder how many of our col I am submitting testimony in conjunc the disability, the claimant can file a new leagues are aware of the extent to which tion with hearings being held by the application and avoid the costly and time we have aided the Soviet Union? Three House Ways and Means Committee's consuming appellate stage. weeks ago I o:ff ered an amendment to Subcommittee on Socia.I Secw·ity. The Another aspect of the present backlog and delay in processing of these cases that con H.R. 9005, the International Develop purpose of these hearings is to gather cerns me greatly is the rate of reversal at ment and Food Assistance Act of 1975, information to assist in drafting legisla the appeals level. Nearly 50 percent of all to prevent public assistance to Com tion aimed at eliminating the tremen unfavorable disability decisions are reversed munist countries. I was told that such a dous backlog of social security disability on appeal-truly an alarming figure. During prohibition was already part of the For appeals cases and provide for an im the first half of 1974 approximately 42.5% eign Assistance Act and thus my amend proved system of appeals that avoids of all reconsideration cases in New York ment would only remove the President's long waiting periods. State were reversed. While it is doubtless waiver authority, which was needed to Since I consider the need to conect true that this problem is partially attributa ble to the ability of many claimants to prove give the President "flexibility" in con the flaws in our present appeals proc disability on the basis of a condition that ducting foreign policy. Besides, no Pres ess an item of major importance, I would has worsened during the interval between ident had ever "abused" his authority like to take this opportunity to insert the initial decision and the appeal, I think in this regard. my remarks into the RECORD. It appears a 50 % reversal rate indicates that there a.re Yet, according to the report of the that there is ah·ea-Oy substantial mo additional problems that must be recog Committee on Appropriations-House mentum in the House for making needed nized. Report 94-53, to accompany H.R. 4592, reforms in this area, and it is my hope In the years that my staff and I have as March 10, 1975-the United States has that all Members will join in the effort sisted constituents in their appeals, it has become increasingly apparent to me that provided $1,033,400,000 in foreign aid to remove the obstacles to quick proc most claimants for disability are totally un and assistance to the Soviet Union from essing of these cases and thus eliminate aware of what is required under the law to 1946 through 1974. Presumably this was the undue hardships placed on so manJ" establish unemployability for purposes of done under authority other than the thousands of Amelicans each year. The Social Security. I would suggest, then, that Foreign Assistance Act, which prohibits testimony follows: certain administrative steps be taken to pro such aid. THE SoCIAL 8ECURrrY APPEALS PROCESS vide the public with greater information as to the type of documentation that is needed When you also consider the so-called (Testimony of Hon. RICHARD L. OrrlNGER, to prove disability. Much time is lost when lendlease program-so-called because as Subcommittee on Social Security, Oct. 3, things turned out it was neither lend nor 1975) Administrative Law Judges have to tell claim ants to seek better documentation and re lease but outright charity to the tune Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the opportunity turn at a future elate to complete an appeal. of $11 to $12 billion-and the passing over to submit these remarks in conjunction with If a claimant knew in advance exactly what our post-World War II occupational cur the hearings you are holding to try and medical and other evidence is required, he rency production capability, the true arrive at some way of alleviating the terrible could come to the hearing stage properly hardships brought about by delays and back figure of aid to the heartland of totali equipped to present his case. tarian communism would be somewhere log in the Social Security appeals process. In this re~d I believe we should defi. Testimony presented and materials gath nitely consider mak>ing provisions for SSA to between $30 to $40 billion. Most Ameri ered in preparation for these hearings reveal hire more support personnel to screen evi cans are staggered upon learning that that there are presently well over 100,000 dence and insure that all documents are in U.S.S.R. has been the No. 1 beneficiary cases pending before the Social Security Ad order before the Admindstra.tive Law Judge of U.S. aid in this century. ministration's Bureau of Hearings and Ap begins his task. Certain:ly we should try to peals. In July of this year the median time As immoral as it is for our Government relieve the judges from as many non-judicial to force U.S. taxpayers to subsidize our period for the processing of a disability ap functions as possible and leave them free to peal was 7 months. This means, of course, use their time to perform the most essential enemies, this aid is still almost insignif that half of these cases take more than '1 part of their job--hearing the case and act icant in comparison to the extent of our months to complete, and many of them take ing on it. military aid to the Soviet Union, mostly up to a year and a half. That is a long time :Mr. Chairman, as you know, I am a co by means of "peaceful" trade. The nature to wait for benefits for someone who is en sponsor of Oongressman Sisk's bill, H.R. 8848, and extent of such aid is spelled out in titled to them and is so severely disabled as which pro'V'ides the following measures as a great detail by Antony Sutton in his to be unemployable. means of a.llevia.ting long waiting periods We know that the overwhelming major book, "National Suicide: Military Aid t-0 and present backlogs: the Soviet Union." ity of appeals cases are for disability bene 1. a thirty-day period in which a claimant fits, and this ts understandable in view of who has been denied benefits ma.y request re An excellent review of this book is pro the fact that true disability because of consideration, 1ncluddng an informal con vided by Warren Ross in the Septem either physical or mental incapacitation ference and a staitement of the case, prior to ber 24 issue of ERGO, published weekly is often difficult to establish with great ac hearing; by college students in Boston. As Mr. curacy. Nevertheless, it is absolutely essen 2. the imposition of reasonable time limits Ross points out, "National Suicide" ex tial that we devise some plim for insuring for determinations on such claims; plodes the myth that there can be a the prompt processing of disability claims 3. the este.bllshment of Admd.n.istrative Law 1n order to protect the rights of the grow distinction between "peaceful" trade Judge positions at grades not lower than with the Soviets and direct military as ing number of individuals who become eligi GS-16. ble for disabllity benefits each year. In 1974 It is a.bsolutely imperative that this Con sistance. Our "peaceful" trade has en more than 1,112,000 workers and their de gress take prompt action to eliminate the abled the Soviets to supply weapons used pendents became eligible for Social Security to kill nearly 100,000 American citizens d.tsabWty. . Social Security appeals backlog and reduce the. waiting period before benefits can begin in Korea and Vietnam. Numerous proposals for steps to resolve to be p~id. I hope that with the conclusion Antony Sutton leaves no doubt that the present crisis have been put forth in of these hearings the subcommittee can we are indeed pursuing a suicidal policy recent weeks. I would like to take this op move swiftly to analyze its data and report portunity to repeat some of the suggestions by supplying our enemies with strategic out measures to help reSO'lve these problems. military goods. We should begin Imme that I personally find most practical and For my part, I can assure you that I wlll to add one of two points of my own that I support any reasonable proposals that grow diately to reverse this policy while there believe merit some conalderation. out of the hearings. I am happy to have had is still time. In the first place, I fully support the pro the opportunity to share my vdews with you, All of this certainly destroys the ac posals for reducing the amount of time al and I look forwa.rd to working with you in cepted view that the United States has lowed for filing an appeal. The present m the weeks ahead toward getting some effec an anti-Communist foreign policy. month option periods are excessive. There tive measures through Congress. The i·evlew follows: Octobm· 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31785
NATIONAL S'uICmE their potassium fertilizer industry by pur that they can continue to engage in military (Reviewed by Warren Ross) chasing technology and equipment from the operations against us). . United States. But fertilizer plants are easily Sutton pulls no punches in this book. He Today there are almost no debates about converted to explosives plants, since am names names, and fearlessly exposes many whether trade with the Soviet Union is harm monium nitrate ls an ingredient in both. facts which neither the US Government nor ful to US interests. The questions of provid Soviet weapons which were used against the companies involved want to see exposed. ing goods to the Soviets only arise as an Americans in Vietnam are propelled by these It should be stressed that the businessmen issue of "how much", or "which companies involved in trade with the Soviets are acting will do the providing," or (rarely), "can we same types of explosives. BITING THE HAND just as immorally (if not worse) as the us influence some small part of Soviet policy, Government. They are primarily responsible eg, immigration, by trade policies?" Few op The two most important areas in which for the extensive pressure on the Govern pose Soviet trade as such. American aid to the Soviets has ended up ment to allow US-Soviet trade. Yet most people would balk at the idea in military operations against us are military Many of these businessmen have argued of providing military aid to the Soviet Union. vehicles and ships. For example, Sutton that it is a violation of "free enterprise" Somehow, they "feel" that this is going "too identifies ninety-six Soviet ships Which were to stop them from trading with the Soviets. far", that there is some "danger" in selling used to supply the North Vietnamese with They ignore the consequences of this so (or giving) weapons to the Soviets, that a weapons and strategic goods during the Viet called "free enterprise". They ignore the fact Soviet military buildup is not in the inter nam War. All of these ships were built in that millions of people around the globe are ests of the United States. the West or have Western designs. At least being brutalized by the Soviets because of In his latest book, National Suicide: Mili thirty-seven of them were given to the Sovi their actions. And they ignore the fact that tary Aid to the Soviet Union, Antony Sutton ets with explicit U.S. State Department ap close to 100,000 American citizens have died explodes the myth responsible for this di proval. in the Korean and Vietnamese Wars because chotomy in public opinion: the myth that As for military vehicles, Sutton estimates US aid allowed the Soviets to supply our there is some distinction between "peaceful that 95 % of Soviet military vehicles are opponents. These businessmen are morally trade" with the Soviets and dh·ect military produced in automotive plants built by responsible, as accessories before the fact, aid. With a barrage of facts that justifies American companies. The automotive plant for all the atrocities of the Soviet regime. calUng the book encyclopedic, coupled with at Gork.i, which produces 140,000 vehicles Their actions are equivalent to knowingly a lucid and easily readable writing style, per year, was built by Ford Motor Company. providing guns to a gangland hit-man. Cer Sutton examines in detail the extent to which (All military Soviet carriers with the GAZ tainly, no one would argue that this is legi "nonmilitary" goods are used for military prefix were built at Gorki.) The Soviet ZIL timate "free trade". purposes by the Soviets. In addition, Sutton plant was designed and built by AJ Brandt Those who already oppose aid to the Soviet presents an extensive historical account of Company of Detroit, and expanded by other dictatorship on moral grounds wlll gain a so-called "peaceful trade" with the Soviets. US firms. The ZIL-131 was the main Soviet valuable arsenal of information from Sut (The major focus of Nation;al Suicide, how military truck used against the United States ton's book. And those who don't oppose US ever, is military aid. Other types of technical in Vietnam. Soviet trade, but are still open to facts, will assistance are dealt with in other works of There is a great deal more detail in this certainly have their eyes opened by it. Thii:; Sutton.) He demonstrates that it was pri book than can be included here. For example, book could go a long way toward slowing marily US technology that kept the Bolshe Sutton explains the causal links between down or reversing the suicidal poltcy of sup viks on their feet after their 1917 coup American aid to the Soviets and US casual plying our enemies with strategic military d'etat, that maintained them through the ties in Vietnam. He describes how the So goods. Depression, and that has kept them alive to viets have benefited militarily from the this date. (Those interested in "influencing" American space program. He discusses the Soviet oppression against its own citizens, role of American scientists, such as MIT HORACE R. GIOIA-MAN OF r take note.) Professor Victor Weisskopf, in urging ex THE YEAR National Suicide is organized around a panded US-Soviet trade. Sutton also de number of d11ferent sections, each dealing scribes the Soviet computer industry, the with a particular aspect of us aid to the extent to which it has relied on American HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE Soviets. The major areas of technical assist companies such as IBM, and the extent to ance to the Soviet Union, which have been which the Soviets are using computers for OF NEW YORK directly or indirectly used in military ap military purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plications are: 1) weapons, including explo Sutton has spent over a decade in the study Friday, October 3, 1975 sives, ammunition and guns; 2) tanks, trucks of the Soviet Union. As a research fellow of and armored cars; 3) ships; 4) airplanes; 5) the Hoover Institution on ·War, Revolution Mr. LA.FALCE. Mr. Speaker, today I space technology; 6) missiles; and 7) com and Peace, at Stanford University, he has would like to pay tribute to truly one of puters. collected an enormous amount of facts about the most energetic civic leaders in the WEAPONS US-Soviet trade. Prior to National Suicide, western New York area. Mr. Hora-ee A. In the area of weapons, aid was forthcom Sutton published a three volume work, titled Gioia has been cited as "Man of the ing from the United States even before the Western Technology and Soviet Economic Year" by the Federation of Italian-Amer Bolsheviks had consolidated their hold on Development, which includes not just mili Russia after the coup. In 1918, the American tary, but all phases of American assistance ican Societies, and I cannot think of any Red Cross was shipping munitions to the to the Soviets. one who is more deserving of this dis Bolsheviks, and giving them credit. In the National Suicide was not an easy book to tinct honor. thirties, the Soviets were allowed to pur write. The obstacle for Sutton was the Unit The federation has selected Mr. Gioia chase unassembled U.S. battleships. Carbon ed States Government; which refused to pro as man of the year for his e:ffort.s on be copies of American battleships were assem vide him with any of the documents he re half of all ethnic groups in the Buffalo bled in the Soviet Union, according to plans quested. The Department of Defense denied area. His substantial contributions of his drawn up by American naval architects. his application for declassification of certain own time and resources have earned him Extensive aid to the Soviets came under files after Sutton published a letter from the the 1941 Lend Lease Agreement. Under this Commerce Department about the new Soviet the respect and admiration of numerous agreement the Soviets were given armored Kama truck plant. The letter admitted that individuals and diverse groups in his personnel carriers, U.S. Navy radar, special: the Kama plant would have military capa community. His personal warmth, deep ized machine tools for military production, billty. The Kama plant ls being built by convictions, and charitable motivations more than a quarter of a million tons of American firms, and the US Government make him the perfect candidate for the explosives, railroad equipment, tanks, air refuses to divulge the names of the com man of the year award he will receive craft and aircraft equipment, as well as over panies involved. on October 11. Indeed his charitable con 4 million tons of foodstuffs. In today's atmosphere of ever increasing tributions over the years qualify Horace Sutton demonstrates clearly that no mat technical aid to the Soviet Union, National ter what the aid to the Soviets, no matter Suicide is a timely and explosive book. It Gioia to be the man of many years. how "non-military" it may seem, the _Soviets contains an irrefultable mountain of evidence Mr. Gioia serves as the permanent have generally used it for military purposes. which dispels the naive claim that aid to chairman of the Western New York Com For example, in the 1920's, United States the Soviets can do us no harm. Sutton dem mittee for Boys' Towns of Italy. His ef industry developed a low cost method of onstrates that the notion of "detente" ls not forts over many years to assist home producing ammonia. One of the by-products a new one, that it has been around in various less and helpless boys in starting a new in this process was nitric acid, which is an guises (such as "bridgebuilding") for as long and positive life in boys' towns in Rome essential ingredient in explosives. By the mid as the Soviet Union has. He also explains have earned him the Knighthood Order 1930's, companies such as Nitrogen Engineer how "peaceful" trade can be a danger to ing and Du Pont were heavily involved 1n the west, even if this trade is not used di of Merit from the Republic of Italy. It.is exporting this technology to Stalin, while the rectly for military purposes: First, it frees one of the highest honors given by the State Department was characterizing this as . that much more labor and capital to be Italian Government to foreign citizeµs. "peaceful trade." used tn :military a.pp11catic;ms; and second, lt Because of his demonst1·ated concern for In the mid 1960's, the Soviets built up helps the Soviets survive economically (so the betterment of his· fellow man and 31736 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 his countless endeavors to pursue that By the end of 1962, the Food stamp Pro October 11 in Wallingford, Conn. It is goal, I am pleased to render this humble gram opera.tied in only eight counties on a certainly fitting that the unit receive rec tribute to an outstanding gentleman and pilot basis, without specific Congressional authorlzlng legislation. An additional 1,741 ognition on this special occasion. deserving man of the year. counties participated in USDA's other family The members of the 273d have gather food assistance program, the Commodity Dis ed each year since the first reunion on tribution Program. About 1,300 counties had October 5, 1946, t.o renew personal friend IS THE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM no food relief program at all. ships and recount mutual experiences. "OUT OF CONTROL"? By 1965, only 110 counties were in the The proud memories which each veteran Food Stamp Program; 1,864 counties had the shares is a tribute to the valiant service Commodity Distribution Program; a.nd an of the 273d Ordnance Company through HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND additional 1,100 counties still had no pro OP NEW YORK gram. out World War n. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By 1971, nearly all the 1,100 counties with The 273d was called for active duty on October 5, 1942, and after ext.ensive tech Friday, October 3, 1975 out a food program started one. In December 1971, there were 14.9 million people in one nical training the 60 original recruits and Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, I have of the two food progi·am.s. Over 1,000 coun 150 new men were transoorted to Eng been inserting remarks into the RECORD ties still had commodities rather than food land. The company went on to partici over the last 2 days which seek to cor stamps. pate in the Normandy Invasion which In August 1974, 14.9 mllllon people received rect some of the misleading information Federal food assistance through one of the was followed by continuous combat serv being used to discredit the food stamp two programs-the same number as in De ice until the surrender of Germany. program. Today I would like to submit cember 1971. Each member of the 273d Ordnance a third article which has been prepared Thus, the major growth in the Food Stamp Company should be proud of his unit's by the Food Research and Action Cen Prog1.,am has taken place in the last year. The military accomplishments and the per ter-FRAC--a nonprofit organization increase in participation peaked in April sonal sacrifice which he and his com which works to help make the Federal 1975 at 19.5 million participants. Therefore, rades have made in service to America. food programs operate as e:fiectively as the increase in growth, both generally since 1962 and specifically since 1974, can be possible for their needy participants. traced to three somewhat obvious factors: The a~ticle follows: 1. Unemployment increased from 5.4% in Is THE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM "OUT OF August 1974 to 9.2% this past spring. As THE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE CONTROL"? unemployment increased by 70%, the Food AND THE CHEMICAL WARFARE In a major August speech, Treasury Sec Stamp Program grew by 30%. PROGRAM retary William Simon charged that the Food 2. Since 1962, 2,000 counties have switched Stamp Program has gone out of control, cit from the Commodity Distribution Program ing the fact that it has grown 47,000 per to the Food Stamp Program. Most of the HON. FLOYD V. HICKS cent since 1962. "new" food stamp recipients had been par OF WASHINGTON Vice President Rockefeller attacked the ticipating in the Commodities Program. The L.~ THE HOUSB OF REPRESENTATIVES Food Stamp Program in a speech before reasons for the switch-over vary, but much southern Republlcan leaders last month by of it is due to the fact that Congress man Friday. October 3, 1975 asserting that the Program "adds one mU dated a Food Stamp Program in every coun Mr. HICKS. Mr. Speaker, the members llon persons a month... ty in the country, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands by July 1, 1974. (This of the Defense Appropriations Subcom Senator Buckley and Representative mittee are to be commended for the time Michel distributed a summary of their re added 1.4 million participants in Puerto Rico cently-introduced leglsla.tion in which they and the territories alone.) and effort they have expended in con profess to be startled by the ''incredible in 3. Since 1971, many counties came into the sideration of the fiscal year 1976 and crease as 4.227% in the number of Program food programs for the first time. transition budgets for the Department of participants since 1965." The growth in the Food Stamp Program Defense. The Appropriations Committee U.S. News & World Report, on its Septem since 1962, therefore, should not surprise has released a comprehensive 356-page ber 1, 1975 cover, advertised a story in that Secretary Simon, nor should it appear "in report on this legislation based on nine issue entitled "Food Stamps-Out of Con credible" to Sena.tor Buckley and Represent volumes of hearings. The amount of work tt·ol?" ative Michel. On the contrary, the addition of new counties, the switchover from the involved here is truly staggering. (The above data was compiled by CNI I do not agree with some of the pro Weekly Report, September 1, 1975.) Commodity Program, and the impact of a re These charges grossly distort the truth cession make the expansion quite under visions of this bill, but I do agree com and create a false public impression of the standable. pletely with the committee's recommen Food Stamp Program. Edward J. Hekman, Moreover, Vice President Rockefeller is dations concerning binary chemical mu simply wrong when he sees the Program nitions. the Administrator of USDA's Food and Nu "adding one million persons a month"; in trition Service (which runs the Food Stamp fact, participation has declined since last After extensive hearings and debate, Program), responded to such charges of un April, and the participation increased in only the committee has decided to pass by controlled growth on August 13, 1975: one month by one million people-Decem for this fiscal year the Department of "The Family Food Assistance Programs the Army's request for a manufacturing are not 'out of control.' They are not and ber 1974 (the month the Food Stamp Pro have not been. The Food Distribution Pro gram was fully implemented in Puerto Rico f acllity and production line for the gram is a direct food delivery program to and in the height of the current recession). 155-mm binary projectile. The commit Finally, USDA's suppressed report to Con tee has, in my opinion, very wisely di- famllies, and it has been largely replaced gress last June observes that under the since the Food Stamp Program became na "most likely" economic conditions, the num 1·ected that the $8.8 million which was 1974. • •• tionwide in June ber of persons eligible for food stamps in fis to be used for an offensive chemical war stamp With the Food Program becoming cal year 1980 will be 20 % lower than the fa1·e program be utilized for defensive nationwide and with its expansion into numbers eligible today because of expected chemical warfare programs. Specifically, Puerto Rico-an expansion which alone improvements in the economy. The USDA the committ-ee has directed that the added almost a million and a ha.If people report also projects that the Food . Stamp Al·my procure 100,000 chemical protec the numbers of people on the program have Program will cost less in fiscal 1980 than the increased. But overall, the total number on tive suits, 50,000 chemical protective $5.8 billion it ls expected to cost in fiscal clothing outfits, and 100,000 chemical family feeding programs have remained quite 1976. level. We did have a substantial increase re Most assuredly, the Food Stamp Program protective glove and sock sets with the cently with the recession and rising unem has grown, but it ls not "out of control." $8.8 million. The committee report ployment, but a.gain this is starting to states: plateau. In fa.ct, participating has been going These expendable items will enable the down, the last couple of months." 1 A PROUD 30TH REUNION United States Army, Europe, to conduct real When Secretary Simon charged that theru istic training and improve chemical war has been a 47,000% increase ln participation fare readiness after this equipment is de since 1962, he either was highly misinformed. HON. RONALD A. SARASIN livered over the next two years. The Depart or he deliberately distorted the facts to OF CONNECTICUT ment of Defense is requested to encourage "document" his charges of a Progra.m out of and increase meaningful and productive control. Here are the facts compiled by CNI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES training in chemical warfare defensive tac Weekly Report, September 11, 1975. Friday, October 3, 1975 tics.
i Reaching People, published by the Food Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, the 273d It is my hope that the Department of and Nutrition Service of USDA; August 1975; Ordnance Company of the U.S. Army Defense will follow through completely p. 5. is holding its 30th annual reunion on and quickly on the committee's recom- 1 October 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31737 mendations. Those who have been inter lished. His works were highly acclaimed, to get into politics. They just talk about it." and like most great poets, his verse came She sees no "Charge of the Light Brigade by ested in this matter have been told re the press to elect women," either. peatedly of the urgent need to move from a deep and profound feeling and Mrs. Hansen, however, doesn't feel that ahead on our chemical warfare capa a personal knowledge of his subjects. voters were ever prejudiced against her be bilities. But when the bottom line is There was no mistaking the meaning cause she was a woman. She was on the reached-procurement-that urgency of the simple truths about which he Cathlamet City Council for some years before seems to be expressed in terms of offen wrote. His poetry was enjoyed and appre she ran for the legislature. She also knew sive rather than defensive systems. ciated by scholars and schoolchildren, the problems of the logging area she would If is by cowboys and merchants, by all who represent and "most men felt I would defend the Defense Department serious their rights as ably as a man." ly concerned about the chemical war recognized and appreciated truth and Mrs. Hansen, in fact, became well known fare threat, then future Defense Depart beauty. for looking out for the interests of South ment budgets should reflect this concern. west Washington, both in the legislature and In my opinion, it should not take 10 Congress. years for a new protective mask to move WOMAN OF THE DECADE She served in the legislature from 1939 to through research and development to 1960 and headed the House Roads and procurement; our new tracked combat Bridges Committee for several yea.rs. She was HON. DON BONKER responsible for legislation creating the state vehicles should be equipped with filtra highways commission, ta.king highway con• tion systems; and efforts should be in OF WASHINGTON struction out of politics, and sponsored major creased in the development of new pro IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES legislation on education. tective clothing. However, equipment Friday, October 3, 1975 After retiring from Congress, she accepted alone is not sumcient. Our troops must Gov. Dan Evans' appointment as a. member train with it to be fully capable. Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, I am sure of the highways commission she helped It is my belief that this kind of de that all of the Members who were col establish. fensive preparedness is at this time the leagues of Julia Butler Hansen will be As chairman of the U.S. House of Repre pleased to learn that she has been re sentatives appropriations subcommitt.ee on best insurance against chemical warfare. the Interior Department and rela.ted agencies, As the Director of the Arms Control cently honored in the State of Washing she wielded skillful power over matters of and Disarmament Agency has stated, ton by being named "Woman of the vital interest to her district, such as timber this posture is also most conducive to the Decade." lands, rivers and harbors. progress of negotiations now underway to I know that she is missed by the House. Called "the ablest legislator I have ever prohibit the stock.piling and production She truly loved it here and once stated known" by a. U.S. senator, she was known of lethal chemical weapons. The Appro that: for detailed knowledge of the multibillion priations Committee report takes note of The rough and tumble of activity that dolla.r Interior budget she oversaw. Shehan takes place on the Floor of this legislative dled funding for such varied areas as pro this effort: grams to benefit Indians, the arts, U.S. Trust In the meantime, it is sincerely hoped body ls the greatest experience that anyone can have. Territories, and national parks. that genuine progress can be ma.de during As chairman of the Democratic Caucus the forthcoming year at the U.N. Conference Her accomplishments are legend and Committee, she was responsible for intro of the Committee on Disarmament in Ge very few women, or men for that matter, ducing reforms of the House seniority system neva on a rea.llstic and workable treaty to can match her legislative skill and effec and House operations. ban a.11 means of chemical warfare. If no Always a strong votegetter, she went to progress ls ma.de in these negotiations at the tiveness as a committee chairman to grill Congress in 1960, succeeding the late Russell time we are to consider the Fiscal Year 1977 agency administrators and make them V. Mack, who died in office. She was elected Defense budget, the Committee may have accountable for their actions or lack of to seven successive terms. to reappraise its position on this overall action. In the 1961-63 term, especially, she remem matter. For the information of my colleagues, bers, there were many women in Congress. I ask unanimous consent to insert in the From the Northwest were Sen. Ma.urine Neu Thus, the next 15 months will be cru berger of Oregon, Rep. Edith Green of Oregon cial for the United States in the field of RECORD the two articles from the Long view Daily News of September 26, 1975, and Reps. Catherine May and Hansen of chemical warfare. Washington. All have since left Congress and hono11ng our former Member and be there currently are no congresswomen from loved friend and colleague. the Northwest. There a.re some women rep [From the Longview (Wash.) Dally News, resentatives, however, from other western MILO WILTBANK, COWBOY POET Sept. 26, 1975] states. LAUREATE OF ARIZONA JULIA B. HANSEN; SHE'S AT HOME AFTER 7 Besides being the last woman to serve in 'TERMS IN CONGRESS Congress from the state, Rep. Hansen was (By Fran Kaiser) also the last woman in Olympia representing HON. SAM STEIGER the 18th Legislative District. "I had hoped Southwest Washington has a trailblazer there would be young women running for OF ARIZONA among women in government in one of its the legislature from this district," she said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES best known public officials, former Congress Mrs. Hansen pointed out that Mrs. Marie woman Julia Butler Hansen. Friday, October 3, 1975 Keen served in the legislature from this dis Mrs. Hansen retired this year after 14 years trict before she did. Mrs. Keen, she con Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, in Congress, where she wa.s the first woman tinued, was defeated for reelection, but for I am saddened to learn of the passing to chair an appropriations subcommittee. reasons of political philosophy rather than She was also the first woman to serve as prejudice against women in the district. of Mr. Milo Wiltbank, the cowboy poet speaker pro tem of the Washington State laureate of Arizona, who died on Sep Reminded that several years have gone by House of Representatives. since Longview or Kelso had a councilwoman, tember 21. One of the most powerful women in the Mrs. Hansen named several who served in In Arizona, where good men are com nation during her tenure on the House Ap the past. Was there a. reason that fewer monplace, Mr. Wiltbank stood out among propriations Committee, Mrs. Hansen said, women seem to be in key positions now than his peers as being one of the finest. He "It's very diffi.cult" for a woman to enter a few yea.rs ago? was a member of a pioneer American politics, when asked why more women are "Our generation," she said thoughtfully, family, growing up on a ranch in eastern not in government. "was close enough to the coming of suffrage Women have to break down prejudices, to remember winning the right to vote. Each, Arizona when times were tough, and self such as the idea that a woman can't do the reliance and hard work were the only job or doesn't want a. career, she said. "Women consequently, felt she should make a con formulas for success. have to work twice as hard as a man, regard tribution and each did, in her own way." A lifelong member of the Church of less of how incompetent he is," she said. Women voted in Washington for the first Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints, he Mrs. Hansen has no doubt about the ability time in 1916, she said. "My grandmother, had served in the bishopric, high council, or a. woman to serve in government, but said just before her death, voted for my mother and was State Sunday school superin it often takes some "arranging" for a woman for county superintendent." with a. home and family to run for office. Oddly, the law allowed women to hold tendent. Women a.re reluctant to do anything that school office before they could vote, so her Mr. Wiltbank was also widely known might make their children a target and many mother was first elected Wahkiakum County as the cowboy poet, with three volumes women dislike raising campaign funds, she school superintendent before women ob of his verse, "Whiff of the West," "Wind point.ed out. tained suffrage. "It used to make my grand Through Barren Branches," and "Gram. Refieoting on the lack of women in govern mother and mother furious to see these men ma Grass Wisdom," having been pub- ment, she said, "Men don't encourage women trotting by to vote," she said, recalling the 31738 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 trustration women faced before they could Kay Green, who ls The Dally News indus Persons at the head table, introduced by vote. trial reporter and a state parks commissioner. Mrs. Staggs, included Sue Natt, Burdette Mc Today, she wonders if some women take Her numerous activities include working Clelland, Diane Natt, and Dally News staff their rights for granted. "You have a new With the local Bicentennial celebration plan members who contribute to the This Day sec gi·oup of young women who don't realize nlng committee and the Red Cross blood pro tion: Ms. Hyslop, Jean Gress and Mrs. Han the sacrifices that were made to give them an gram, being past president of Junior Service sen. opportunity to vote, to be elected and to League and a Republican party official and Special recognition was extended to three have an opportunity in the business world." helping With Cub Scout. Boy Scout and Little women who received Women of Achievement As a mem'Jer of a Northwest pioneer family League programs. Awards presented by The Dally News 10 years I that came to Washington Territory in 1877, Maxine Neiman of Kalama has chosen a ago. They a.re Gay Quoidbach Barrett, Ruth Mrs. Hansen was taught early in life that career as homemaker and mother. In addition Ford and Lois Blackstone. both men and women have an obligation to to working with her family, she assists the their country. Her father was a Spanish 4-H program, is a member of the Kalama American War veteran. schools' Vocational Studies Advisory Board, Her family includes a son, David, whom Kalama Parent-Teacher Organization, Ka NO EQUAL TIME MEANS NO EQUAL she raised while serving in government and lama. Music Parents and has taught CCD at her husband, Henry, a retired logger and St. Joseph's Catholic Church. TREATMENT blacksmith. Lou Ann Pedersen, who ls Cowlitz County Perhaps because of her pioneer back Department of Emergency Services director. ground, Mrs. Hansen ls an avid historian and She has given service to the Cowlitz County HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER reports that only three Washington women Search and Rescue Council, Social Services OF NEW YORK have held statewide office. They were Mrs. Board, Lower Columbia Mental Health As IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Josephine Preston, elected state school su sociation board and is chairman of the ad perintendent in about 1917; former state hoc committee for Uniform Alcohol law, as Friday, October 3, 1975 School Supt. Pearl Wanamaker and Belle well as other activities. :Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, the Reeves, who was secretary of state. The Women of Achievement, selected from The only woman ever elected governor of more than 70 nominees, were introduced by Federal Communications recently ren a state without succeeding her husband, Ella Dally News Editor Ted Natt, who presented dered a decision relating to "equal time" Grasso of Connecticut, happens to be a for each with a silver tray. provisions in such a way as to totally un mer congressional colleague of Rep. Hansen. Daily News Publisher John McClelland Jr. dermine the fairness of the way in which Mrs. Hansen describes the governor as "very presented Mrs. Hansen With a silver bowl candidates for political office have access bright" and points out that she had long after outlining her achievements in local, to the airwaves. experience in Connecticut government, in state and national government. Under the new ruling, President Ford cluding the office of secretary of state, be Mrs. Hansen, who had rearranged a busy will be able to have complete access to fore becoming chief executive. schedule to return from Bellingham to at Mrs. Hansen believes women can be "ex tend the luncheon, thanked her family for television and radio coverage of any and tremely capable executives" and, in fact their patience during her career and thanked all his press conferences, while his op must be, to manage family budgets. They are J. M. McClelland Sr. and his family for en ponents will have no opportunity for also hardworking and skilled in dealing with couraging her to file for office and their equal time. If a candidate were fortunate people, she said. willingness to discuss problems. enough to convince the media to cover When asked if there will ever be a woman No woman should be afraid to offer service, his or her press conferences "live and in president, Mrs. Hansen observed that none Mrs. Hansen said, and stated that the reward their entirety,'' according to the FCC de seems to be in the offing. for public service is the knowledge that oth cision, then there might be some access In another branch of government, she said, ers have been helped. former Congresswoman Martha Griffiths of Mrs. Hansen's son, David, who is curator at to the public. The decision is contrary t.o Michigan would have been an "excellent" the Fort Vancouver Historical Site, was the whole concept of fairness in the use choice for the U.S. Supreme Court. "They introduced. of the airwaves and must be corrected don't appoint women," she lamented, saying The Daily News publisher emeritus, J. M. either in the courts or by the Congress'. there always are a "million excuses." Mrs. McClellan Sr., received the only standing Sander Vanocur analyzed the decision Griffiths, she noted, is now serving on boards ovation when introduced to the audience by ably in an article which appeared in the of several corporations. Agnes Staggs, women's news editor and toast Washington Post on Tuesday, September In one way, she believes, getting into poli mistress. 30, 1975. It is an excellent piece, and I tics has become more difficult for women be Mrs. Staggs and reporter Nancy Hyslop, cause of financial disclosure laws that could who spearheaded Friday's World of Women commend it to the attention of my col ca.use problems for a husband's business. newspaper section, presented red carnations leagues: But, in general, she said opportunity for to several women in recognition of service to [From the Washington Post, Sept. 30, 1975) women "all depends on the person. You can the community. WRAPPING IT UP FOR THE ''IN" PRESIDENTIAL make an opportunity or you can fall to They are: CANDIDATE make it." Grace Johnson, Camp Fire Girls director (By Sander Vanocur) for 25 years and Sunday School tea~her at {From the Longview (Wash.) Daily News, Trinity Lutheran Church for 30 years. Last Thursday was not President Ford's Sept. 27, 1975) Gertrude Rivers, serving her eighth term as birthday, but Federal Communications Com mission Chairman Richard E. Wiley decided HANSEN "WOMAN OF DECADE"-0UTSTANDING Cowlitz County treasurer. Charlene Warren, just elected national vice it would be nice to give him a present. AREA WOMEN HONORED The present: virtually unlimited access to (By Fran Kaiser) president of Extension Homemakers Clubs. Pauline Murphy, state president of the the airwaves from now until Election Day. Outstanding area. women were saluted and Washington State School Directors Associa It came wrapped in a 5-2 decision by the FCC cheered by 300 persons attending the Women tion with 18 years of service on the Kelso that exempts presidential news conferences of Achievement luncheon sponsored by The School Boa.rd. on television and radio from the equal time Daily News at the Holiday Inn Friday. Nancy Borchgrevink, assistant dean of in requirements of Section 315 of the Commu Former Congresswoman Julia Butler Han struction at Lower Columbia College and top nications Act. sen was honored as "Woman of the Decade" local education admlnlstrator. Stripped of its legalese, the decision means for her contributions to state and national Harriet Hansen, Daily News city editor and that candidate Ford can now hold news con government. A former state legislator, Mrs. the only woman city editor in the state. ferences and if they are covered by network Hansen served 14 years in Congress and ls Mallyn Duvall, assistant manager for Se television and radio, as they most certainly currently a state highways commissioner. attle-First National Bank in Longview. will be, his opponents will not be entitled to Women of Achievement, selected by an in Bertieann Peters, Cowlitz County extension equal time. That applies to his Republican dependent panel, were: agent. opponents right up until the GOP conven Dr. Phyllis Ca.vens, who ls a Longview pedi Hilda Leak, former Kelso city council tion, and to the Democratic nominee who iS atrician and member of the Community So woman who retired after 17 years of service, selected by that party's convention. cial Services Board. She ls a consultant to and Kelso Mother of the Year in 1953. Overruling a 1964 decision, the FCC said Progress Center, Washington State School that "press conferences of the President and Mrs. Victoria. Freeman, prime mover be all other candidates for any political office for the Blind and Clinic for Child Study. hind the development of Clea.rview Park. She is also studying the effect air pollution broadcast live and in their entirety, qualify has on the health of school children. Grace Reynolds, whose YMCA swimming for exemption under Section 315(a.) (4) of Ruth Clark, who ls a Kelso school director program for the handicapped is nationally the Act." and past president o:f the Longview-Kelso recognized and who has Wl'itten a handbook That ls quite a sweeping exemption, one Altrusa Club. Active in youth, education and on techniques of teaching the handicapped. that no one had asked for, CBS had peti community betterment, she serves on the The invocation was offered by Capt. Mrs. tioned the FCC on July 16, 1975, for a declar Washington State School Directors legisla J. C. Bowen of The Salvation Army. A solo, atory ruling reve'l"sing the 1964 decision. If; tive committee. "I Am Woman," was stmg by Kathy Jones. f\ald that if the decision were allowed to October 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31739 stand, it would b& Impractical for any ot as a major step forward, voices of mod military posture. Altogether, the Israelis the networks to broadcast live coverage of eration have justly cautioned against seem to believe tha.t these "new realities" any presidential press conference througb allowing this agreement to, in effect, only would gradua.lly bring about greater Arab this year and next. willingness to negotiate the Golan and Pa.les The scope of the exemptlon. lta gratui delay the progress toward peace. tlnian questions on terms that are more to tous extension to all political candidates My colleague from Wisconsin (DA VE Israel's liking. for any oftlce at any level, suggests that Wiley OBEY), who recently led a three-man But recent public statements by Palestine and the commissioners who voted in the ma delegation from the House Appropria Liberation Organization leaders at the jority may have included it for no other tions Committee's Foreign Operations "moderate" and "extreme" ends of the spec 1·eason than to ward off charges that they Subcommittee on a 10-day tour of the trum illustrate how militants in the Arab were giving Mr. Ford an enormous present o! Middle East, issues just such a caution world would seek to undermine any settle free, unanswerable air time. ment that does not, in their view, address Commissioner Ja.mes H. Quello, who voted in a.n article appearing in today's New Palestinian goals. with the majority, said in a separate state York Times. He has provided a perceptive The longer 1t takes to conclude follow ment, "I do nQt view this issue as a parti analysis of the possible implications of through agreements, the greater the appeal san political one in which one party or one the tremendous amount of aid reportedly that the more extreme of these positions candidate stands to gain or lose by our de called for in that agreement for the will have for a growing majority of Palestin clsion. .. Swell, Com.misslonet". Go to the head State of Israel. He calls upon the Con ian people. And under these circumstances, of the class. Tell us about the Easter Bunny. gress not to lose sight of the primary and the rhetoric and actions of Palestinian lead Not a political decision? In 1964, when the of ers such as Ya.sir Arafat in 1975 could look commlsslon was dominated by Democrats, it ultimate goal all parties-permanent like a model of moderation in comparison ruled by a 4-3 vote to, in effect, bar can peace in the Middle East-and issues a with the rhetoric and a.ctions of Palestinian didate Lyndon B. Johnson from holding press warning that should be heeded by those leaders in 1977 or 1978. conferences during the election campaign. of us who must pass on this accord. Neither Israel nor the United States can Last Thursday, a commission whose mem The article follows: reasonably expect that today's unique con bers were either appointed or reappointed by PARING Am TO lsRAEL stellation of moderate Arab leaders-King Rlcha.rd M. Nixon decided to do just the op (By David R. Obey) Hussein, Mr. Sadat, and even President posite to a Republican President. Only two Ha.fez al-Assad, In the context of Syrian of its members, Robert E. Lee and Benjamin WASHINGTON.-The case usually made for history-will remain in ascendancy for very L. Hooks, dissented. the Sinai agreement is th.at It ts one step long unless the path of moderation can show Schola.rs and journalists have been spend 1n a step-by-step process that will lead to substantial progress in recovering territory ing a good deal of time since Watergate peace. As a result of conversations in August and fulfilling, in some mea.ningful way, thinking and writing about our "imperial wtth President Anwar el-Sadat, King Hus Palestinian aspirations for a homeland. presidency." They would now do well to ex sein, Premier Yitzhak Rabin and other Arab And Israel's policy is not likely to reflect amine the role of Richard E. Wiley as im and Israeli leaders, I fear that Congressional sufficient recognition of the urgency of that perial proconsul. approval of the Sinai pa.ckage in its present progress if the Israelis are given the impres Gerald Ford has been flying around the form could push the prospect for peace fur sion tha.t Congress 1s w1lling to vote military country of late, being interviewed by local ther than ever from our grasp. and economic aid in the magnitude being re stations which give him just about any Recent public deba.te over United States quested by the Administration, not just this amount of air time he wants. He is no dif involvement in the settlement has centered year, but every year for the next three or ferent in this respect from other Presidents on the question of stationing American tech more years. who get from local stations and networks nicians in the SinaL The United States has a moral commit just about anything they want when they While that a.ction may not be objectionable ment to Israel. Out of that commitment want it. in itself, if the United States ls for the first comes an obligation to provide enough assist But Wiley and four of his fellow com time to become directly involved on the ance to as.sure her survival. We do not, how mJ.ssioners have now given him even more. ground in the Middle East, it has an obli ever, have a commitment to underwrite and And he will use it. He would be foolish not gation to itself to insist that the concerned encourage a.n Israeli foreign policy-born, to. Only the courts and the Congress can parties avoid future outbrea.ks of hostility though it is, of understandable frustration, change this enormous grant of political and actively seek a permanent peace settle pressure and fear-that is essentially im• power. But that will take time. And while ment. modera.te and unrealistic, that 1s not respon the Issue is being debated in the Congress It ls most doubtful that the United Sta.tea sive to new conditions in the Arab world, and litigated in the courts, Mr. Ford. will will be in a position to do so unless Con and that in the long run can only play into be right up there on our sets whenever he gress insists on a more disciplined use of the hands of Israel's worst enemies with dis thinks it will suit his purposes, as President American aid than ts contained in the pack astrous consequences for all concerned. or as candidate, as if there is a difference age being requested by the Administration. Unless the momentum for pea.ce is sus between the two. The Administration reportedly intends to tained-and accelerated-at this critical With characteristic enthusiasm CBS Presi seek about $2.3 billion in mllitary and eco juncture, moderate forces in the Arab world dent Arthur R. Taylor, who combined with nomic aid for Iara.el in the fiscal 1976 budget. may wen be cast a.side, confronting Israel Wiley to give us the Family Hour. welcomed Ald in that magnitude-especially when it ls with a far stronger and more hostile enemy the decision. Said Taylor: "We at CBS are viewed as the down payment In a three in the years to come. If that ha.ppened, this pleased; the public should be equally pleased year or more package--is more likely than new agreement would go down in history as by the FCC's action." not to encoura.ge the continuing belief among just one more lost opportunity, one more As d.11Hcult as it may be fot" Taylor to the Israelis that they have more time than interval between wars. understand that what ls good for CBS may is in fact avalla.ble to achieve resolution of not be good for the country, the public basic questions in the Golan Heights and should not be "equa.Ily pleased.." The public on the West Bank. should understand that the growth of the Congress would, therefore, be serving both AUTOMATIC PAY INOREASES imperial presidency ca.n be directly rela.ted Isra.el's long-term interests and the Inter to the power thait incumbent.a ha.ve by their ests of peace by reducing substantially the virtually unlimited access to the broadcast amount of aid being requested, limiting it to HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG ing fac111ties of this nation. On what meat an amount necessary to keep Israel's econ OF COLORADO have our Caesars fed? On no meat a.t an. omy viable a.nd to ma.intain her existing mil IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Just a.Ir, free, unllmtted a.nd unchecked. itary capability. The Arab and Israeli leaders with whom I Friday, October 3, 1975 spoke seemed equally committed to peace. Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, this But the Israelis do not share the Arabs' belief 5 PARING AID TO ISRAEL that without post-Sinai-pact movements on week Federal employees received a other fronts time is basically working against percent pay raise. Such cost-of-living in the prospects for peace. The Israeli strategy creases have been common in recent HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER seems to be to deal with Egypt through the years, reflecting the inflationary price OP WISCONS!N Sinai agreement and separate Egypt as mucb increases which have plagued the Nation. as possible from the rest of the Arab world. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES What is noteworthy about the latest raise This would put Israel in a secure military is that it is the first which includes Mem Friday, October 3, 1975 position because without Egypt the rest of bers of Congress, certain high-level ex the Arab world presents no serious military Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, the threat. ecutive branch employees and Federal new Middle East interim agreement must This would 1n turn give Israel time, with judges in the automatic escalator plan. be carefully viewed in the context of its the assistance of American aid, to consoli Until recently, the only way Members contribution to a permanent peace in the date her position in the West Ba.nk and the of Congress could get a pay raise was by Middle East. While many hail this accord Golan Heights and to further strengthen her standing up and publicly voting on the CXXI-1999-Pa.rt 24 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 issue, an action often resented by voters ing election. In Colorado, and many UNITED STATES-LATIN AMERICAN RELATIONS IN at home. This was a good system, far bet other States, constitutional prohibitions THE CHANGING Mm-1970's--IV ter than the cop out of an automatic limit the right of elected officials to raise The first step in the present La.tin Ameri cost-of-living escalator system which their own salaries during the term of of can arive toward a radical change in its re permitr. Members of Congress to avoid fice for which they have been elected. lationships with the United States was taken taking a hard stand on this sensitive Under the Colorado system, officials have in 1969 when the Special Latin American issue. Coordinating Committee (commonly known to face the voters before getting a pay as CECIA, from its Spanish initials) com The skittishnes3 of Congress was illus raise. This is a seemly and proper ap posed of all OAS members (except the United trated again this week when the House proach, in my opinion. States) produced the Consensus of Viii.a del considered the latest pay raise resolu Feeling as I do, it seems appropriate Mar, the first comprehensive summation of tion. The procedure became so con for me to forego the raise which has gone La.tin America's position on the demands of voluted that i.t is no wonder our con into effect over my objection. I intend to development. On June 11, this document, stituents think Congress is deliberately do so for the balance of my term. I listing criticisms of U.S. trade and aid poli trying to obscure the basic issue. To re cies, and setting forth "new bases" for planned to simply advise the Sergeant hemispheric cooperation, was delivered to cap what happened: at Arms that I wish to waive the salary President Nixon by Chilean Foreign Minister Congress passed the law providing for increase for the balance of my present Gabriel Valdes.13 Essentially, the Consensus automatic cost-of-living increases for term. However, I am advised that there of Vifi.a. del Mar was a strong indictment of Federal employees. Later Congress is no legal basis for the Sergeant at Arms U.S. trade policies which blocked Latin amended the law to include the Members to reduce the amount of a Member's sal American exports from United States mar themselves in this automatic pay raise ary check, even if authorized or directed kets, and the use of American aid less for scheme. Under the act, the increases go "development" than for the benefit of U.S. to do so by the Member. It was suggested producers. The Consensus was followed by into effect automatically unless the Presi that I return the funds to the Govern the creation, first of a Special Committee of dent modifies recommendations sub ment as a gift. After reflecting, however, the InterAmerican Economic and Social mitted to him. President Ford did modify upon the waste and extravagance of the Council to undertake negotiations on eco the latest recommendation. He reduced it Federal Government, this was not a par nomic affairs between the United States and from 8.6 percent to 5 percent. Some ticularly attractive alternative. Instead I Latin America, and later the establishment Members of Congress sought to oveITide am making an additional contribution, in of a. permanent Special Committee for Con the President's action by adopting a res sultation and Negotiation, charged with seek an amount equivalent to the salary in· ing mutual agreement solutions to develop olution in opposition to 5 percent and, crease for the remaining 14 months of ment problems. Creation of this Committee thereby, restoring 8.6 percent. my term, to private charitable causes at Caracas in 1970, showed that a. bloc of So the vote earlier this week was lit which seem particularly worthwhile and twenty-three Latin American countries which erally a choice between a 5 percent in deserving. emerged at Villa del Mar was hardening. crease--an aye vote---or an 8.6 percent- In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I want to Though these early efforts did not prove a no vote. There was no opportunity to again express my dismay at the amount, too successfi.11, the Latin America desire to vote on the larger question of whether timing and manner of this salary in establish a more effective mechanism for international bargaining than the OAS grew the increase should be denied altogether. crease. Members of Congress are already steadily stronger. The feeling that the OAS My opposition of pay increases to so pampered and coddled and so isolated was not appropriate as a vehicle for express Members of Congress has nothing to do from the day-to-day concerns of our peo ing Latin America's interests led to consid with the individual wo1·th or merit of the ple at home that it is becoming increas eration of periodic meetings of Latin Ameri Members as human beings or as legis ingly difficult for us to represent them. can foreign ministers in the hope that these lators. It is not based on my estimate of Now that we have inflation-proofed our meetings would eventually lead to the for the value of their service. Some members selves and our counterparts in the exec mation of a strictly Latin American orga make a contribution which would easily utive and judicial branches, it seems to nization in addition to the OAS. Venezuela's justify a higher salary than they are now me that we have become a little less rep president Perez and Mexican President Echeverria are the principal propone11ts of paid; by the same token, many other resentative than before. Our constitu what has been called the "Sistema Econ6- Members are overpaid at the old salary ents are suffering the ravages of infla mico Latinoamericano" (SELA) for the de of $42,500. But .that is not, I repeat, the tion. Many of them are not fortunate fense of Latin America's basis products. First main issue. My opposition to the pay in enough to get automatic cost-of-living mentioned by President Echeverria in Lima, crease is based on three considerations: increases. I think we ought to suffer during his 1974 tour of Latin America., the First, I object to the idea of auto along with them as a reminder that the idea of setting up Latin American multina matically increasing a Members' pay Nation's economic troubles have been tional companies entrusted with marketing without a vote. Now that Congress has caused by Congress and will not be cured the continent's raw materials implied, in tied its salary to-what is misleadingly until Congress has the wisdom and cour political terms, an OAS without the United States. The strong support of President Perez termed-a cost-of-living basis. Members age to do so. and Venezuela's oil wealth gave more im will never again be required to vote on petus to this search for a. new institutional the issue. We can undoubtedly expect framework. At the end of President Perez' therefore that the salaries of Members visit to Mexico in March 1975, a joint declara will rise every year, year after year, for UNITED STATES-LATIN AMERICAN tion was signed by him and Echeverria for ever and forever. RELATIONS IN THE CHANGING mally launching SELA and inviting other Second, I am concerned about the ex MID-1970'8-IV Latin American heads of state to a meeting ample which we have set for the Nation. at which the organization would be formally This country's economic system has been HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN launched. The time was propitious since seriously, perhaps permanently, damaged Mexico's Echeverria, after the failure of his by the excesses of Federal spending. We OF FLORIDA ambitious Charter of Economic Rights and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Duties at the United Nations, was eager for are not yet recovered from a recession new diplomatic ventures, and Cuba, having and the accompanying high unemploy Friday, October 3, 1975 turned a new leaf, was interested in finding ment caused by excessive Federal spend Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, this fourth ways to renew its ties with the rest of Latin ing and already we are seeing grim signs installment from the paper by Dr. America. without dealing through the OAs.u that continued deficit financing threat Federico G. Gil, "United States-Latin President Perez' notion was that of a new ens to touch off a new round of double organization which would function along American Relations in the Changing side t'he OAS and would allow Latin America digit inflation. Under such circum Mid-1970's," brought to my attention and "to identify our aims and objectives for a stances, this is a time for restraint, per thus to my colleagues' by my constituent, dialogue with the United States within the haps for sacrifice. But instead of giving Dr. Ione S. Wright, describes the new OAS." Peru also supported the Idea. If this people of this country a demonstration institutional framework growing in Latin support seemed only lukewarm it was prob of prudence, we have given them an ex America to promote collective arrange ably because Peru feared such an organiza ample of self-indulgence. ments which exclude the United States, tion would duplicate the efforts of the Spe Finally, I believe that if and when sal and reactions to various U.S. policies and cial Latin American Coordlnating Commit- ary increases are justified. such increases legislative actions. should be defeITed until after the ensu- The article fallows: · Footnotes at end of article. October 8, 1915 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31741 tee (CECLA). Also Peru may have resented such as leather, shoes, textiles. and processed nJonatha.n Kandel, "New Tensions Break to some degree Venezuela's stewardship and iron. To most La.tin Americans this legislation Dialogue between the United states and at the same time had serious doubts about was a clear example of economic aggression Latin Nations", The New York Times, Febru the rellabillty of Mexican foreign poltcy. against their economic Independence and a ary 2, 1975. Peru's strongest interest lies 1n the rejuvena frontal attack on Latin American economic 19 Latin America, Vol. IX, No. 3, January 17, tion of the OAS at 1ts General Assembly to integration. 1975, p.18. be held 1n Washington in May 1975. Its in Venezuela responded by requesting a spe :o Winthrop P. Carty, "Sterile Routine terest derives from the fact that as head cial meeting of the OAS Council to discuss Leads to strained Latin Relations", Times of of a special commission it was chiefly re the new United States trade act. His request the America.!, February 5, 1975. sponsible for a. package of reforms which found widespread support throughout Latin n OAS Chronicle, Vol. 10, No. 2, February would introduce "ideological pluralism," America where the act was viewed as a vio 1975. would end any form of commitment to rep lation of commitments assumed by the U.S. »Dieter Kroner, "Setback for the Inter resentative democracy on the part of the when it signed the OAS Charter. It was, American Dialogue", Sw'ls3 Review of worza regional organization, and would prevent the therefore. only proper that the dispute should Affairs, Vol. XXIC, No. 12, March 1975, p. 25. United States from using the OAS as a. "tac• be settled within the OAS. Once again with tical piece in implementing its global strat the United States as a ta.rget, Latin America rallied forces. Criticism extended from strong egy." lli At the same time it would have been NEW YORK CITY'S FISCAL PLIGHT inconceivable for the nationalist Peruvian denunciation of countries directly affected regime not to voice its support publicly. Pres like Venezuela and Ecuador, through the ident Velasco Alvarado said on one occasion: sympathetic support of Peru, Panama and "From now on the New Dialogue should be Colombia, and cautiously critical remarks of HON. HENRY J. NOWAK among Latin American co1mtries only with Brazll.18 As for Mexico. the U.S. foreign trade OF NEW YORK out the United States." In his view "The act ca.used the fall of its nationalist oll mln• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1ster Flores de la Pe:fi.a, when responding to United States should be excluded from all Friday, October 3, 1975 high-level policy conferences untn It e.dopts United States pressure the Mexican govem a new attitude, a more honest and just be ment decided aga.lnst Joinlng the OPEC. After Mr. some delay President Echeverria sent a mes Mr. NOWAK. Speaker, the grow havior toward smaller countries." 18 A few sage to Caracas pledging Mexico's full ing national concern over New York days l~ter he elaborated further. ..We be support. City's fiscal plight indicates this is not lieve," be said. "that the Latin American just the city's concern or New York countries, which have a common cause In The United States' reply to criticisms of defense of our interests, should meet alone, the new law was vague and Incredibly ab State's concern but a national problem carry out discussions In Spanish, reach stract. President Ford, Secretary Kissinger, that requires a Federal solution. agree and several members of the Senate claimed ments among ourselves." l!1 I have strongly endorsed the concept The "New Dialogue" mentioned by Presi that they were unhappy with the diserlmina of creating a Federal mechanism to help Dr. tory provision. U.S. government spokesmen avert both a New York City default and dent Velasco was, of course, Kissinger's reiterated that they were still unaware of the laborious if unenthusiastic effort Initiated real scope of the law, an assertion that ls hard a chain reaction of crises in upstate New at Tlatelolco, Mexico, to establish a "new to accept considering the measure had been York cities and other w·ban areas with spirit" and "approach" In inter-American under study for two years. Secretary Kissin cash flow and bond marketing problems. relations. The weakness of the "new spirit" ger was supposed to explain and defend the Among the suggestions offered have been was demonstrated at the foreign ministers' trade bill before all the Latin envoys at a an emergency Federal loan/loan guar conference in Quito, November 1974, at session 1n the State Department but he which a strong majority of OAS members antee program and Federal guarantees failed to appear for the scheduled meeting. for special emergency municipal bond called for the lifting of the economic boycott When the Permanent Council of the OAS against CUba~ The United States exercised a issues. convened, a resolution approved by twenty At "negative neutrality" and abstained from votes-two nations being absent (Bolivia and this point, with congressional hear voting while Dr. Kissinger's absence rankled Haiti) while the United States abstalned ings expected on this issue later this the Latin Americans as a sign of disinterest. expressed the "unanimous and profound con month, I am not committed to any spe Three nations opposed the lifting of the em cern" of Latin America for the "deterlora.tlon ciflc approach. However, I am convinced bargo while six others abstained, preventing of Inter-American solidarity" caused by tlie that this problem is too mammoth for the required two-thirds majority to push lt U .s. foreign trade bill and condemned Its New York State and its citizens to handle through.u The Quito setback reinforced the provisions as dtscrlm.lnatory and coercive as Latin American extended belief that the alone and that the Congress and the ad well as contradictory to the fundamental ministration must come to a realization "New Dialogue" was a mere substitute of principles of the Charter of the OAS and the style for substance-one more magic trick in United Nations Charter. At the meeting, the that this is a critical national problem. the inexhaustible bag of the peripatetic U.S. U.S. representative John Ford offered a dis The $2 billion plan the State legisla Secretary of State. The next fiasco took place turbing picture of American officialdom when ture approved to help New York City at the Ayacucho meeting convoked by Peru, he stated: "We are currently reviewing the through November is only a stop-gap December 1974. Chile, Bolivia, Argentina. leglslatlon and have not yet arrived at a de measure. However, between December 1 Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia., and Panama finitive interpretation of its provlslons.N • and next June, New York City will have were supposed to attend the summit meeting At the same time it was decided to place dis approximately $7 billion more in obliga of chiefs of state but several failed to ap cussion of the act on the agenda of the next pear. tions due. New York State a.nd its up meeting of the OAS General Assembly sched state citizens simply cannot a:ff ord to Ecuador declined because of its dispute uled to be held in Washington, May 1975.m. with Peru over territorial claims. Chile's A much more significant diploma.tic defeat shoulder any more of this burden alone. 1 Pinochet refused because Cuba had been in for the United States than the OAS decision New York City's total budget exceeds the vited. Argentina and Colombia cited pressing took place when Argentina's Foreign Mili State's. Therefore, it is unrealistic to domestic problems. The conference ended ister, taking note of the OAS action, called off expect the State to help further, without with an Innocuous commitment to limit the the Buenos Aires meeting of foreign mtnls endangering its own credit i·ating and arms race. ters. due In March, to continue the "New Dia :fiscal integrity. However, what brought the "New Dialogue" logue" with the ·United States which had Whatever Federal backing is forthcom to a screeching halt was the enactment by started at Tlatelolco. The decision was made the U.S. Congi-ess of a new foreign trade bill, with some relief by the Argentine govern ing, it must be tightly controlled to in January 1975, which contains discriminatory ment and received with approval in the rest sure it does not encourage other cities provisions against Latin America. The blll ex of Latin America. But. Secretary Kissinger to seek it casually instead of weighing cludes OPEC member states from tariff pref regarded the cancellation of the meeting as other alternatives, yet be available to erences (barring Venezuela and Ecuador from an intentional slight and postponed a tour of other cities if they genuinely need it in preferential tariff as members of OPEC) and South America, planned for February, until the future. An important factor, in con all those which set up International associa late Apru.22 vincing the administration of its neces tions to raise or control export prices of their FOOTNOTES products. It also excludes all countries which sity, must be greater :fiscal responsibility expropriate property belonging to U.S. firms 1.'l For the complete text, see Boletin de la in New York City. The cwTent plan calls Integracion, Ano 4, No. 43, June 1969, pp. or citizens and do not pay what the United for the city to achieve a balanced budget 292-301. 1977. that States considers fair compensation. Countries u Latin America, Vol. IX, No. 8, February by By accelerating process, the which do not open their markets to U.S. prod 21, 1975, pp. 60-61. city also would help rekindle investor ucts or do not provide access to their sources a Latin America, Vol. IX, No. 11, Marcy 14, confidence by cllspla.ytng a genuine com of raw materials are also precluded from re 1975, pp. 85-86. mitment to regalning sound financial ceiving U-ade benefits. The foreign trade bill 1• The New York Times, January 31, 1975. footing. also imposes high tariffs for a series of items r. The New York Times, February 2, 1975. At the same time, the Congress must · 31:742 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 make a serious effort to enact welfare OPINION POLLS AND ANTIGUN "I am in favor of getting dangerous weap reform, which could provide meaningful LAWS ons out of the hands of crazy people. we relief to New York and other cities. New need the cooperation of concerned citizens, York City's skyrocketing welfare costs policemen, attorneys and judges in order to are a magnified version of a problem HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK accomplish what the law has not been able OF OHIO to do." · common to many urban areas-an infiux "The American public seems hell-bent on of poor, an exodus of the middle class, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taking the law out of the hands of the police an eroded tax base, compounded by the Friday, October 3, 1975 and into their own." recession and unemployment. New York "Let's bring some sanity to our country City aceounts for less than 4 percent of Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, judg as a birthday present to ourselves this year." the national population but has 8 percent ing by the response I have received with "Afraid of criminals? What about your of the national total of recipients of aid the hundreds of petitions received op pistol-packing next door neighbor?" to families with dependent children. posing registration and confiscation of AGAINST-93 PERCENT AFDC aid currently is allocated to firearms, the polls must be loaded or "Take away the right to bear arms and States on a sliding formula ranging from wrong. Of course they are loaded. We all then the people are controlled by the gov 50 to 78 percent in the Federal share. know that. They never ask accurate ernment." questions. For example, I would like to " If the police want my guns they are going New York State gets a 50-percent Federal to have to get them the hard way." contribution. It would be much more see the result of the following question on a Gallup or Harris poll: "Would you "We have plenty of laws to deal with crime equitable-putting the funds where the and the use of firearms. We simply do not need exists-if there were a straight 75- favor registration of handguns if that enforce them." percent Federal share for these benefits, registration resulted in confiscation?" or "How about more stringent laws against for example. a question which gives multiple choices, those criminals caught with a gun while I believe the Congress should have a rather than one narrow take it or leave committing a crime?" full review of the dimensions of the New it query which is weighted toward "doing "Similar gun-control bills have not worked something even if :·t is wrong" as the old in other areas. Look at the homicide rate in York fiscal crisis and a complete exami Cleveland." nation of the possible action needed to saying goes. Given a multiple choice of registration or mandatory sentences for "The trouble is with the judges." avoid the chaos of default. " If Mr. Hill feels he must do something, misuse of a firearm or strict enforce why not fight for mandatory jail sentences ment of laws on the books now, to name for crimes committed with a gun in pos just a few options, we all know where session?" FRANK MAURANA HONORED GUEST the American people would stand. " If criminals would obey laws, they OF COLUMBUS DAY CELEBRATION I receive many letters from constitu wouldn't be criminals. Let's make our courts ents who are not fooled by these polls. enforce our laws." Here is a good example: "Let's control the crlmina.ls instead of the HON. LEO J. RYAN firearms of law-abiding citizens." GALION, OHIO, "We should start worrying about why so OF CALIFORNIA September 24, 1975. many people are carrying weapons." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEAR MR. ASHBROOK: I never have believed "This would prohibit transporting weapons the newspapers when they say that 70 to Friday, October 3, 1975 to gun shows or even a gunsmith for repairs. 80% of the people want gun controls, ac This is fascism and an invasion of privacy." Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, on October 12, cording to nation-wide polls. As far as I'm "They should keep the crooks in jail and 1975, the Italian-American Federation of concerned, if they didn't ask me, then it bring back the death penalty for every crime San Mateo County, Calif. will be cele wasn't a nationwide poll. Darned if I other than a traffic ticket. That ought t o can ever find anyone in favor of gun controls clean up the atmosphere in a hurry!" brating the 483d anniversary of the dis of any kind. Those polls they're talking about covery of America by Columbus. At their "Any person with a foul deed in mind must be very controlled. They would have would certainly not hesitate to carry a weap annual Columbus Day dinner, Frank to be very careful of who and how many on in public. What would he use, a rolled-up Maurana will be their honored guest. I people they ask to come up with that 70- newspaper?'' would like to cong1:atulate Frank on re 80 % in favor of gun control. "The hanging tree solved many a problem ceiving this special recognition. I am sending you the results from the years back. The Constitution says the law Frank has personally contributed ex Mansfield News Journal's "Hot Line" in which should not deny a person the right to bear everyone could participate. You can see arms." tensively to the Italian-American Fed t hat only 7 % are in favor of gun controls, eration of San Mateo County for over 6 and a whooping 93 % are against. And notice years, 3 years of which he served as some of the comments. president. Frank also served as secretary I hope you may be able to use this in McNEIL: ON CHARLES H. HOUSTON. of the Peninsula Social Club for 8 years. your battle. ESQ. He and his wife, Helen, reside in San Wish you the best, Mateo, calif., with their two daughters, Mr. MARION E. WRIGHTSMAN. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL M arlene and Michele. The poll to which he refers was the OF NEW YORK A native Pennsylvanian, Frank served popular "Hot Line" of the Mansfield, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with the U.S. Army in the South Pacific Ohio, News-Journal which puts a perti and later became an instructor at West nent question on the front page from Friday, October 3, 1975 Point Military Academy. While he was time to time and feels that pulse of the Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I place in with General Electric Co. he was trans people. Here is the question and the re the RECORD at this point for the informa ferred to California in 1953. In 1962 sults-note that the question was not tion of my colleagues, an address deliv Frank went into real estate and later be even one of registration or some unrea ered by Dr. Genna Rae McNeil, professor came a broker and part owner of Harlan sonable restriction on handgun owner of history at the University of North Realty in San Mateo. ship: Carolina, entitled "Dr. Charles H a milton The Federation is instrumental each [From the Mansfield (Ohio) News Journal, Houston and the Struggle for Civil year in raising thousands of dollars for September 21, 1975] Rights." at a plenary session of the Na the Friends of Muscular Distrophy and How You VoTEo LAST WEEK'S QUESTION tional Bar Association's annual-golden Mentally Retarded Association. Both the Do you favor the gun-control bill before anniversary-convention in August 1975. Italian-American Federation and the city council which outlaws the possession of The subject of this address which I community is extremely proud of Frank's a deadly weapon in a public place? wish to present is Charles Hamilton unselfish services and dedication. He has FOR-7 PERCENT Houston, a pioneer, 20th-century Afro given untold hours of his time toward "I am in favor of the bill before council. American civil rights lawYer, whose emi these efforts. Laws do no good, however, unless they are nence as a constitutional authority and I am privileged to acknowledge both enforced." champion of equal justice under law was efforts of Frank and the Italian-Ameri "I see no objection to controlling guns in . recognized in 1950 by President Harry can Federation in benefiting all the resi· public places as long as I can keep arms in Truman, Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY, dents of San Mate<> County. my home without registration." ·who had placed in the appendix of the October 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 317-13 RECORD of the 8lst Congress a tribute to "it is doubtful that there has been a single can be no true equality under a segregated Charles Hamilton Houston after his important case involving civil rights during system. No segregation operates fairly on a the past fifteen years 1935-1950 in which minority group unless it is a dominant death in April 1950 (96 CONGRESSIONAL Charles Houston has not either participated minority..•• The American Negro is not RECORD A 3291; pt. 15, April 21-June 7, directly or by consultation and advice ..... a dominant minority 1n this land ••. In the 1950). present Justices Thmgood Mar Now, over twenty years after the Court's United States the Negro is economically ex shall, and William Douglas. epochal '54 ruling, there is a. growing con ploited, politically ignored and socially Charles Houston, lawyer, educator, and sensus that Houston was the chief strategist ostracized. His education reflects his condi author is resPonsible for so many positive and the catalyst of the legal battle for the tion; the discriminations practiced . . • are changes in American history as they af civil rights of Afro-Americans. no accident." This was the politica.I-economtc Charles Houston, the descendant of a line reality, the condition, when Houston began fect black and white people that this true of free Blacks and slaves, was born on Sep his 1935 legal program for the NAACP to contribution to this Nation may not be tember 3, 1895 In Washington, D.C. where, move Blacks to equal protection, equal ac known before the year 2000. It will be in the main, he lived and worked until his cess and equal opportunity in this society. known, however, so long as scholars such death at the age of fifty-four. He attended (And parenthetically I must add that as as Dr. Gena Rae McNeil stay on the case. M Street High School, a college preparatory he was obliged to assess the political As this Nation enters into the celebra school for Blacks, Amherst College and, after economic realities, the power relationships, tion of its Bicentennial, it is fitting and a tour of duty with the American Expedi in his era, we are under a similar obligation. proper that its people reflect upon an tionary Forces, Harvard University Law As the late Amilcar Cabral, a brother and School. He distinguished himself at Harvard revolutionary of Guinea-Bissau, said so well, aspect of its history which challenges all by being the first Black to serve on the Har "You have to establish the political aims the people of the United States to strive vard Law Review. By 1923, under the tutelage and, based on your own condition, the ideo toward the ideals of liberty and justice of such men as Roscoe Pound and Felix logical content of the fight.••. To hai·e for all. Frankfurter he had earned the Doctorate in ideology is to know what you want in your DR. CHARLES HAMILTON HOUSTON AND THE Juridical Science. own condition.") (Emphasis added) STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL RlGHTS 1 It was racism and injustice which had Because Houston was convinced that the (By Dr. Genn& Rae McNeil:?) prompted Houston to seek law as a vocation. use of the law as an instrument for social Thus, in addition to joining his father, Wil change was necessary when a minority was Ladies and gentlemen, as a non-lawyer, I liam, (a. Howard Law School graduate) in so oppressed that it was "unable to adopt am honored to be your guest and to speak private practice, Charles Houston began direct action to achieve its place in the before the distinguished National Bar Asso teaching at Howard Law School and ponder community and nation" or demand a public ciation at its fiftieth annual convention. As ing philosophical issues relative to the Amer forum where white Americans would be com a.n historian I commend the Association for ican legal process and pervasive racism in pelled to listen, he served his people, within its emphasis upon "The Black Lawyer-His the United States. His concern about the the limitations of the American legal system, Past, And His Future" for indeed it is as plight of his people actually involved him in multiple over-lapping roles. He func appropriate to remark now, as Charles Hamil in the pursuit of two full-time careers, t'he tioned as an attorney for Black railroad ton Houston did in 1940, that "Today the lawyer-crusader and the educator-philos workers, for Blacks who were accused of entire forces of the modern world are being opher. crimes and who were seeking the inclusion realigned. And in chaos and destruction we With regard to the latter, Charles Houston, of Blacks on their juries, for victims of must keep both our ideals and our memories as Vice-dean of Howard's Law School from racially restrictive covenants, for the Dis clear." One of your own scholar-lawyers 1929-1935 worked relentlessly for the trans trict of Columbia's Consolidated Pa.rent from the District of Columbia, J. Clay formation of the School into an accredited Group and for the F.E.P.C. He was, for a Smith, Jr. has spoken to you at a previous institution which would produce "capable time, an F .E.P.C. appointee, officer of the meeting on the subject of Black lawyers in and socially alert Black lawyers to meet the American Council on Race Relations, regu the nineteenth century. See also, Smith, group needs. "There was no doubt in Hous larly active member of the NBA. Washington Black Lawyers In The United States: 1840- ton's mind that if Black lawyers were not Bar Association and the National Lawyers 1900, VoL 121. No. 84 Cong. Rec. p. 16550 trained to fight for Bla.ck people, resort to Guild. He wrote on racial and international (Jtme 2, 1975). I would like to focus my brief the com·ts would prove to be, more often issues for the Afro-American and Crisis. He 1·emarks on a pioneer lawyer of the twentieth than not, futile. Therefore, he insisted that appeared frequently before Congressional century, Charles Hamilton Houston, and a over and above competence--sklllfUl advo Committees investigating matters relative to question he posed ill 1949: "How far will the cacy and negotiation-in serving individual minority rights, constitutionally guaranteed existing system . . . permit the exercise of clients in tradition civil matters and criminal liberties and governmental violations of the freedom before it clamps down?" cases, Black lawyers ought to undertake law same. On May 17, 19-54, the United States Su as "social engineering." He, in fact, charged Yet his development of and total involve preme Court rejected the established doc his students and young colleagues to view ment in civil rights led him to signiftcant trine of "separate but equal" in its historic the primary "social justification for the Black conclusions. First, Black people must wage holdings, Brown v. Board of Education and lawyer ... in the United States ... as the an tmceasing fight for physical security, Bolling v. Sharpe. Brown and Bolling became service he can render the race as an interpre equal, desegregated education, full protec for the states and the District of Columbia, ter and proponent of its rights and aspira tion of the right to work, a Black controlled respectively, key precedents for a legal assault tions." The law offered "an impelling chal and effective system of communication and upon enforced racial segregation as it af lenge to leadership and service ... the pri "some semblance of order and justice in the fected virtually all aspects of American life. vilege of piloting the race." processes of the administration or justice" These decisions were the culmination of a As a lawyer-crusader Houston served as or perish. Second, Black people "cannot de deliberately planned and prosecuted legal the first Special Coum;el of the NAACP. From pend upon the law alone to solve our prob campaign against racially segregated public the New York headquarters he devised the lems." He admonished that "We must never education. Thurgood Marshall, then Special strategy of carefully constructing cases to forget that the public officers, elective or Counsel for the NAACP, with other Brown create favorable precedents for equality and appointive, are servants of the class which and Bolling attorneys recalled in an inter non-discrimination, developed positionary places them there.•.• We have got to do view several days later, "It was Charlie who tactics, worked with, directed and advised our own fighting, and more of it by extra taught us the law ..."The reference was to young Black lawyers across the nation and legal means ..• i.e., strikes, boycotts, dem Charles Hamilton Houston, Marshall's men began concurrently the vital work of educat onstrations, protests, etc." (For this reason, tor, colleague and friend. As early as June, ing the masses with regard to the struggle in particular, as a member of the NBA reso 1950, it was noted in the official citation for for their rights. With regard to education, it lutions committees he consistently called for the Spingarn medal (which Houston was is important to understand "the real aim firm, forthright positions against disfran selected to receive before his death in April, •.. was to abolish all segregated schools" chisement and on cases involving discrim 1P50, but was awarded posthumously) that and that this aim was pursued through a ination, oppression and racism.) line of cases carefully considered and delib Moreover, although throughout his life erately prosecuted to establish specific 1 Rema.rks prepared for the Golden Anni he wi·estled with conflicting ideological posi -.:ersary Convention of the National Bar legal/constitutional principles (from Mur tions and principles, by December, 1949, he, Association, Washington, D.C.., August 20, ray, Gaines, Sipuel, Sweatt, McLaurin to thirdly, acknowledged that the existing sys 1975 Theme: "The Black Lawyer-His Past, Brown) . But the aim was not pursued for the te:n's rt>striction of the exercise of freedom, and His Future." sake of racial mixing alone, for, as Houston the lack of tradition for equality in the s Ms. McNeil 1s an Assistant Professor of saw in the 1930s, mixed schools were not United States, the inability of the system to History at the University of North Carolina, without racial discrimination. The "ulti permit equality and the American legal proc Chapel Hlll. The topic of her dissertation mate goal" in Houston's words, was "com ess' prime function to preserve the existing was: "Charles Hamilton Houston (1895- plete elimination of segregation" because of system and not dictate rapid/sweeping 1950) and the Struggle for Civil Rights" power relationships in the United States. In changes in national conduct, demanded more (University of Chicago, June, 1975). See also the United States it could never be enough of Black.americans than a constant cry !or 1\.tcNeU, "Charles Hamilton Houston," 3 Black to fight for only "equality of education.'' civil rights. He challenged Blacks who, to h!S Law Journal 123 (1974). In Charles Houston·s words again, "There mind, had the least to lose in the existing EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 system, to "make sure that the system which September 25, editorial commentator Nat revenue for our hard-pressed State and shall survive in the United states of Amer J. Belknap did an excellent job of em local governments in their attempts to ica. . • . shall be a system which guarantees justice and freedom for everyone." Mere vic phasizing the frustration of U.S. farmers meet the ever-increasing needs within tories within the same system he deemed over efforts to block grain sales to over their jurisdictions. empty. As he put it, " ... •sure, we're being seas buyers. I wish to make it clear at the outset invited now to take a. front seat, but there's I share Mr. Belknap's concern over of my remarks, Mr. Speaker, that I sup no particular honor in being invited to take their plight, and wish to bring his ar port renewal of this program. I do, how a front seat at one's own funeral. . . .' We ticle to the attention of my colleagues: ever, have certain suggestions for mod are fighting a system." ifications in the present law which I be The essence of Houstonian jurisprudence DOWN TOWN (Smith, In Memoriam-Professor Frank D. (By Nat J. Belknap) lieve will streamline revenue sharing Reeves-Towards a Houstonian School of Ju I find myself a bit oh1lly toward George while at the same time directing funds risprudence and The study of Pure Legal Meaney and his Union companions in their to those units of government most ur Existence, 18 Howard Law Journal 1 (1973)) pose as agricultural experts-their advice gently in need of additional revenue or Houston's philosophy of law for oppressed to the grain manipulat ors, refusal to work on sources. Specifica.lly, the changes I pro Afro-Americans has to do with at least three cargo ships and the such. There's a lot of pose are intended to provide greater ftex matters: truth in this reaction of farmers to Unions: ibility in the use of revenue-sharing dol 1. A clear conception of the realities of Agricult ure is frust rated. For the first time lars by State and local governments, racist oppression in the United States; in years, American agriculture has found a 2. An emphasis upon learning, critically real export market for our huge supplies of while directing these funds to those areas understanding and knowing the rights, the grains. We have realized these expor·t markets most in need of assistance by including ideals and aspirations of the race; are a necessity for farmers to be able to re as a factor in the allocation formula un~ 3. A recognition of the limitations of le ceive a reasonable return for their grain. employment statistics. galism, especially in the strict sense of the We have the supply. We have the grain on the My proposals, Mr. Speaker, are based practice of law. coasts. We have the buyers. Now to add to on what I perceive to be the primary But the full view of Charles Hamilton the confusion, the nation's most recent addi purposes of general revenue sharing. The Houston speaks to more than this; it speaks tion to the list of self-appointed economic to options for oppressed Afro-Americans. experts, the Longshoremen, refuse to load first is the need to decentralize decision Houston was criticized, although at times the grain onto foreign ships for export, "in making authority by shifting some of he worked with, socialists and communists, fear of higher prices." this authority from Washington to the because his choice was not that of total ef Over the past ten years, did the American State and local governments. Having fort toward destruction of the existing sys farmer quit buying farm machinery for "fear served as president of the Cleveland City tem and revolution. Yet his work of social of higher prices" when labor unions struck Council prior to my election to Congress, engineering and his philosophy were not the steel industry? When labor received a I have had the opportunity to view the simply ways of opting for working within wage increase, did agriculture refuse to buy the system for mere reform. What he at American-made products? How many Japa operation of Federal assistance programs tempted and called on Black lawyers to do nese tractors did you see on U.S. farms to from distinctly different perspectives. In (who by their choice of profession became day? my view, many of the Federal-aid pro part of the system, in one sense) was to work When labor bargained for less hours and grams have become too bureaucratized, within towards transforma.tion of the sys lower output, did the American farmer also too complicated, and too wasteful. tem itself by legal and extra-legal means. reduce his productivity? Do American con In many cases, State and local govern Houston, Waddy, Robinson, Hastie, Nabrit, sumers think that lowered labor output and mental officials are better acquainted Hayes, Hill, Motley, Marshrul, Ransom and higher labor wages are not eventually passed countless other Black lawyers knew un on to the consumer in the form of higher with the multiplicity of their areas' par equivocally that the protection of Black peo retail prices? ticular problems than some bureaucrat ple, the promotion and defense of our rights It almost appears that the consuming pub sitting here in Washington. General to life, liberty and fair treatment are essen lic and some segments of our government are revenue sharing serves as a framework tial to any struggle. There can hardly be a. nearly obsessed with the mania of blaming within which State and local officials can struggle towards transformation of the so inflation on agriculture. The American farm confront their communities' needs and ciety and liberation of a people if there ts er, frustrated as he is, may have the feeling establish priorities for resolving them, no climate for or possibility of the develop that he stands helpless with no one to listen while minimizing Federal bureaucracy ment of informed masses and a committed, to his plea. What's more, he may think t hat ideologically sound and forthright vanguard. nobody really cares! and redtape. The modifications I will Houston perceived himself as a. "technician America-wake up! propose will buttress this trend toward probing . . . how far the existing system will decentralization and minimization of permit the exercise of freedom before it Federal redtape. clamps down." Yet even as a "technician The second purpose of general revenue probing ... the existing system" Houston was REVENUE SHARING: BOTH FLEX sharing, while primarily fiscal in nature, able to protect and expand Black rights, im prove the conditions of life for some Afro IBILITY AND NEED ARE PARA is closely related to this shift in decision Americans, train and advise cadres of Black MOUNT making authority. Succinctly, this pur lawyers fighting for civil rights and inspire pose is to assist in the alleviation of the others to continue the Struggle against op growing disparity between resources and pression. HON. JAMES V. STANTON needs within State and local govern With regard to the Struggle itself, Charles OF OHIO ments. It is common knowledge that Houston had, as William Hastie so well noted, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the demands for services upon State and "a soldier's faith that winning the fight ls Friday, October 3, 1975 local governments are confronted with all that matters ..." Finally Houston left the dilemma of regressive and depleted all this to be seen in the light of his final Mr. JAMES V. STANTON. Mr. Speak revenue sources. Revenue sharing is jn clarification of the primary task for those er, as a member of the full Commit who would be in the vanguard of the fight, tended to share with State and lor~l particularly Black lawyers. That task he con tee on Government Operations, I re governments within the framework of cluded was "to probe, to struggle and . . . cently had the opportunity to appear be our Fede ·al system the revenue r:enerat fore its Subcommittee on Intergovern teach the masses to think for themselves, ing power of the more prri::~TeRsive Fed ... know their place, recognize their power mental Relations and Human Resources eral income tax base. and apply it intelligently." to testify on proposals to renew the gen - "Today the entire forces of the modern eral revenue-sharing program. I wish to I believe, Mr. Speaker, tl1at we m~Lt world are being realigned. In chaos and de share with the Members of the House acknowledge that we in Vlashintgon, struction we must keep both our ideals and my thoughts on this matter. I intend to after all, do not have, let alone know, aJl our memories clear." introduce legislation in the near future the answers to the variety of socia.l and which will incorporate the idea I will economic problems plaguing our State GRAIN SALES present today. and local governments. This does not Despite some problems, Mr. Speaker, I mean that there ought to be no Federal HON. DELBERT L. LATTA believe the program of general revenue role in seeking to solve these problems; As rather it means that we must rethink OF OHIO sharing has served us well. Senator EDMUND MUSKIE, himself a former State what the proper role of the Federal Gov IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Governor, recently observed, revenue ernment should be. As Alice Rivlin, for Friday, October 3, 1975 sharing has been an important shot in merly with the Brookings Institution and Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, writing in the arm of our federal system. It has presently Director of the Congressional the Napoleon, Ohio, Northwest-Signal on provided a sorely needed new source of Budget Office, has astutely observed: October 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31745 The two actlvlties that the federal bu ernment the basic decisionmaking au ing. But such increases will rarely result reaucracy carries out with great efficiency are thority as to where revenue sharing in an improvement of community serv collecting taxes and writing checks. • • • funds would have the greatest impact in ices. Since the federal government is good at col• meeting the needs of State and local Rather, they will be used by these gov lecting and handing out money, but inept at administering service programs, then it governments. In a sense, it is fiscal black ernmen~ to keep step with in.flation and might make sense to restrict its role in social mail. By this I mean that State and local the loss of revenue due to unemploy action malnly to tax collection and check governments must choose between losing ment. I urge my fellow Members of Con writing and leave the detailed administra. their revenue sharing funds or perpetu gress to give serious consideration to the tion of social action programs to smaller ating at present levels expenditures and possibility of including unemployment units. programs which may in no way refiect statistics in the allocation formula which My proposals, Mr. Speaker, are in the changing needs of a community. we formulate. tended to further both of these objec Moreover. under either of these two ap Finally, Mr. Speaker, one of the most tives. proaches, the degree of bureaucratic red criticized aspec~ of the present revenue Specifically, I propose to add greater tape and administrative regulation would sharing program has been the inability :flexibility to the present revenue sharing clash with the very spirit and intent of a of the Office of Revenue Sharing to ef program by loosening both the purse general revenue sharing concept aimed fectively enforce its antldiscrim.ination strings and the paperwork requirements art decentralization of decisionmaking clause. While part of this problem may of the present law. I recommend that the authority. be due to lack of manpower, I believe a requirement for planned and actual use This inability to trace the actual use great deal of it is attributable to the dif reports be eliminated. I also propose the and impact of revenue sharing funds. Mr. ficulties inherent in tracing actual reve elimination of the present priority use Speaker, renders meaningless as well the nue sharing expenditures under the categories restricting the expenditure of priority use expenditure categories for present law. As I have already noted, local governments and the prohibition requiremen~ revenue sharing by local governmen~. present reporting are Third, I propose the repeal of the pres against the use of revenue sharing funds largely meaningless and ineffective for ent prohibition against the use of reve for matching purposes. Rather than con the purpose of tracing the use and im nue sharing dollars for matching pur tinue this sham, rather than perpetuate pact of general revenue sharing dollars. this "shell game", I propose the elimina As poses by State and local governmen~. a solution to the problem of en These recommendations, Mr. Speak tion of these reporting and use require forcement of the antidiscrimination pro er, constitute merely a recognition of men~. vision of the present law, and as a pre what is already a reality; na.mely the in Accountability for the expenditure of condition to the receipt of general reve terchangeability, the fungibility, of rev these funds should be to the citizens of nue sharing funds, I propose that each enue-sharing funds with other revenues the affected jurisdictions. For the pur recipient government be asked to certify. poses of accountability, I would endorse available to State and local governmen~. or to make a "good faith" declaration, In a recent study addressed to the issue the recommendations contained in the that it would not use these funds in any of planned and actual-use reports, the recent GAO study on revenue sharing. manner that would be violative of the General Accounting Office found that be As virtually all of them ah·eady do, the Federal civil righ~ statutes. If it should cause revenue sharing has become a part State and local governments should make appear that later that a State or local of the budgetary decision process of available to their citizens, through pub government has gone back on its word, lication or some other suitable procedure, States and local governmen~. it is very then one remedy could be a court order difficult, if not impossible, to isolate the a statement summarizing all anticipated to stop the discrimination or risk the actual fiscal impact of revenue-sharing revenues and expenditures for a fiscal loss of revenue sharing funds. But how funds. In short, these planned and actual year. would we know that it was revenue shar use report designations are generally To make this information meaningful, ing funds that were used to finance the meaningless, if not outright misleading. this single report should include actual discriminatory practice? The answer is Besides increasing paperwork for State revenues and expenditures for the pre that we should not make it necessary ceding fiscal year as well. This state that this fact be established. For the and local governments, these reporting ment, put on public notice, should pro requiremen~ only force State and local purpose of enforcement of this pledge, authorities to engage in a shell g:ame. The vide the basis for public discussion and any proven act of discrimination, pur shell game consists of transferring funds participation that the law now requires. suant to any program or expenditure, from one spending category to another This would be accomplished without a would be itself prima facie evidence that and then using the revenue-sharing new army of bookkeepers since this revenue sharing funds had been used in funds in the original category. The end budgetary practice is already caITied out furtherance of the illegal practice. result fs that the city or state gets the in most units of government. This is a logical position to adopt since money, of course, but has wasted a great My second proposal, Mr. Speaker, is such funds, having been received from deal of time and money in the process. directed toward the present formula the Federal Government with virtually Conceptually, one could attempt to which takes into account a variety of no strings attached, would not have to be remedy this fiaw by either devising a new factors, including population, unem kept intact by the recipient and there reporting system and/or imposing, as ployment, and relative tax effort. I be fore could be thrown bto the pot, as it some have suggested, a strict main lieve that revenue sharing funds should were, with other tax receipts and income, tenance-of-efl'ort standard. Both of these be directed as much as PoSSible to those finally to be dispersed, untraceably, on approaches I find unacceptable and un areas where the need for such assistance the expenditure side of the budget. To workable. On the one hand, as GAO has is greatest. One of the surest indicators adopt this standard for civil righ~ en concluded, it is highly questionable of such need is unemployment. Conse forcement would be in keeping with the whether any reporting system can be de quently, I would recommend that the public policy of the United States, as vised which would assure an accurate Congress seriously consider the inclu reflected in existing civil righ~ statutes, and meaningful reporting system regard sion of unemployment rates as an addi and would be consistent with the spirit ing the uses of revenue-sharing funds. tional factor in determining the alloca and letter of these laws. It would be less I suspect that any such attempt will tion of revenue sharing funds. hypocritical than the present system, un prove both wasteful and futile. What we In our country today we are seeing an der which we say, in effect, that it is per do not need to do, Mr. Speaker, is create alarming drop in the ability of commu missable to violate those laws with State, a new army of bookkeepers on the State nities to raise revenues when hit with local, and even Federal funds, so long and local levels. unemployment. As unemployment in as they are not revenue sharing funds. creases, the tax base from which a State I also suggest, Mr. Speaker, that en On the other hand, Mr. Speaker, a or local government can draw its revenue forcement of the antidiscrimination re strict maintenance-of-efl'ort standard, is further decreased. Simultaneously, the quirements of this program be trans especially when coupled with the prior demands upon the available revenues of ferred from the Office of General Reve ity use categories, has all the earmarks these governments increase as these gov nue Sharing, which has no expertise in of a categorical or block grant assistance ernments seek to assist those on the un this area and which, further. has an in program. not a revenue sharing concept. employment rolls. Without the addition adequate civil rights staff which is not It would transfer from the State and of the unemployment figure, local taxes likely to grow, to the executive depa.rt local governments to the Federal Gov- will continue to rise for those still work- men~ and agencies already responsible 31746 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 for civil rights enforcement, such as New York's public school teachers are, Perhaps it is time to review what these HEW, HUD, the Labor Department and on the average, better paid than their educators have been providing that the city cannot do without. In his new impressive the Equal Employment Opportunities counterparts in other large cities. They study, "The Growth of .American Govern Commission. These agencies in their rank at or near the top in major fringe ment, a Morphology of the Welfare State," court actions with i·espect to civil rights, benefits such as pensions, insurance, and Dr. :Roger Freeman of the Hoover Institution could seek relief that might include a contributions to the union welfare. They at Stanford University, provides us with an request that revenu1::: sharing funds be have the shortest working day and a answer. withheld from an offender. In such cases, median income of $17,350. "New York City schools now have about the courts could make a determination Mr. Buchanan notes that, "Perhaps it the same enrolment as they had 25 years ago. is time to review what these educators The number of teachers has doubled. Ex on a case-by-case basis as to whether penditures have multiplied eight times and such an order ought to be issued. have been providing that the city cannot now average on a per pupil basis, twice those On the same rationale, I would rec do without." He points out that with the of other large cities. But students in New ommend that a similar pledge be re extraordinary amount of money being York Cit y schools lag substantially behind quired for purposes of the Davis-Bacon poured into New York's educational sys national norms and slip farther behind in Act wage requirements. tem, "For the 12th consecutive year now, reading scores year after year. In summary, Mr. Speaker, I believe scores on verbal and math tests taken "Pupils in New York schools with the high my proposals will result in streamlining by high school seniors have dropped. est expenditures and lowest class sizes lag the most and pupils in schools with the low the present revenue sharing program, in This year's plunge was the steepest ever. est expenditures and largest classes are ahead increasing the ability and flexibility of This is not a record to justify caving in in achievement." recipient governments to meet the pecu to Al Shanker's latest extortion demands Dr. Freeman adds: "Hundreds of class-size liar needs of their regions and commu on New York City." studies show that students do not learn more nities, and in directing more effectively I wish to share with my colleagues the in smaller classes.'' revenue sharing funds to those areas thoughtful analysis of New York's cur It is not t hen the lea.rning levels of chil most in need of Federal fiscal assistance. rent dilemma, "Extortion Dilemma in dren, but the comfortable working condi I believe these suggestions are both prac New York City," by Patrick Buchanan, tions of his colleagues that is on Shanker's mind as he makes his demands upon his ticable and workable. Moreover, they ad as it 9,ppeared in the Chicago Tribune bankrupt home town. vance what I perceive to be the primary of September 14, 1975, and insert it into To the Illillions of Americans who never purposes of a general revenue sharing the RECORD at this time: attended a grammar school with fewer than program: decentralization of decision E XTORTION LESSON IN NEW YORK CITY 45 or 50 t o a class, the hardships protested making authority and the strengthening (By Patrick Buchanan) by the UFT may not solicit great sympathy. Indeed, considering the billions upon bil of the fiscal condition of State and local WASHINGTON.-In the spring of 1940, when units of government. lions poured into education and teachers' t he Third Republic was reeling before Adolf pocket s t his past quarter century, it is time Hitler's legions, Benito Mussolini was beside that taxpayers, who cannot go on strike, himself in Rome. ceased listening to teachers' gripes and France was dying, and fascist Italy would started demanding teachers' answers to just HOW PUBLIC EMPLOYEE UNIONS not be getting a hunk of the carcass. "I can't what we are getting for having made them BLACKMAIL NEW YORK CITY just sit back and watch the fight," the Duce the highest paid educators in history. exploded to Marshal Badogllo, "When the war Between 1952 and 1972 taxpayer cont ribu is over and victory comes, I shall be left tions to public schools and colleges rose from HON. PHILIP M. CRANE empty-handed." $300 to almost $1,300 per student. While the So on June 10, the day the French govern number of students was doubling, the num OF ILLINOIS ment fled Paris, Mussolini declared war. "The ber of employes was tripling and the total IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hand that held the dagger," said Franklin expenditures rose more than 700 per cent. Roosevelt, "has stuck it in the back of his Friday, October 3, 1975 Yet, for the 12th consecutive year now, neighbor.'' scores on verbal and math tests taken by the Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, New York It was in the spirit of Mussolini last week n ation's high school seniors have dropped. City, it seems, is no longer being run by that Albert Shanker and the United Federa This year's plunge was the steepest ever. I t tion of Teachers struck crippled New York left verbal test scores of 434 and math t est the elected representatives of the people City. His town on the edge of bankruptcy, but, instead, by nonelected union bosses. averages at 472-lowest recorded since the his mayor begging for sacrifice, Shanker and national boards began computing them in In an editorial in its issue of July 8, his teachers decided the timing was perfect the midfifties. 1975, the New York Times, long a friend for a walkout. This is not a record to justify caving in to of organized labor, declared that-- What persecution could have persuaded Al Shanker's lat est extortion demands upon One thing is clear: New York is working New York's teachers to hold hostage the New York Cit y. for it s unionized civil service workers, not education of one million school children? vice versa. The real power in the city is Are their pay and benefits unlivable? Hardly. held by the municipal unions. A New York Times survey, the result of which was published last week, concluded: One result of the extraordinary power "New York public school teachers are, on '1".ESTERDA Y'S DEBATE ON S. 2230 held by public employee unions is the the average, better paid than their counter current bankruptcy of the city of New parts in other large cities, and they rank at or near the top in major fringe benefits such HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI York. Instead of standing firmly against as pensions, insurance, and contributions to OF ILLINOIS the illegal tactics of these union o:Hicials, the union welfare fund. They also have the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES New York's elected leaders are asking shortest working day." Friday, October 3, 1975 the Congress to come to their assistance. Median income for a New York City teach To reward the illegal blackmail being er is $17,350 a year, between $1,000 and $6,- Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is practiced by labor unions in New York 000 higher than teachers in nine other cities obvious from a review of the RECORD would be to encourage such tactics surveyed. that during the debate yesterday on throughout the country. Congress should What Shanker and his friends find intoler able is that the modest austerity budget im S. 2230 there was expected emphasis on make it clear that it does not intend to posed upon the city, to escape financial ruin, the Cyprus problem and the arms em pursue this mistaken course. has meant a cutback in customary school bai·go to Turkey. Quite predictably, the The most recent example of irrespon services. Least tolerable of all: The contrac fact that the bill also provided for Radio sible union power came with the strike tual maximum of 32 children per class in Free Europe and Radio Liberty broad of New York City's teachers. Discussing elementary schools, and 34 in high schools, casting was overlooked by many Mem will, in some instances, be exceeded. this strike, columnist Patrick Buchanan bers. "That's just impossible," one mother As a strong proponent of Radio Free notes that-- screamed on learning that her tot would have It was in the spirit of Mussolini ••• that 34 classmates in kindergarten. "It's a fire Europe and Radio Liberty, and especially Albert Shanker and the United Federation hazard." Forty kids to a class then is too mindful of their commitment to expand of Teachers struck crippled New York City. great a sacrifice to ask of the teachers of New . ing · radio broadcasting to the Baltic ms t-0wn on the edge of bankruptcy, his York, to help save their dying city. And it is States--Estonia, Latvia and Lithuaniar mayor begging for sacrifice, Shanker and his this splrlt--the "I'm-all-right, Jack" spirit of I voted for final pa.sage of S. 2230 after teachers decided the timing was perfect for Al Shanker-not the hostility of the sticks first voting for the Fascell and Levitas a walkout. that is killing the Big Apple. amendments. October 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31747 It ts my hope that the Secretary of Kampala., where Idl Amin was due to hold knuckle under to Africa's. It's a.bout time state will demonstrat.e more interest in forth as host. Mobutu does not willingly share that we st.ooc:l up to ·the whims of the Mobu center stage with anybody, even fool8. and tus and the other tenth of 1 per cent o! the working on the continuing Cyprus prob after only the most polite groveling on our African population that has t.he money, the lem than he has t.o dat.e. The plight of part, Mobutu was allowed to make his points education and the power, and instead, the refugees on the island must not be with other African leaders at our expense. started thinking about the other 99.9 per permitted to develop into the permanent Now, a<:cording to the informed sources cited cent who are effectively blocked from shar type of status. If there is not steady in The Post, the United States is trying to ing the fruits o! political and economic in· movement to resolve the differences be renew the great man's goodwill with a $60 dependence. tween the Greek and Turkish commu mllllon aid package: the omclal and diplo As long as our African foreign policy con matic version of the corporate bribery needed tinues to be conducted in a leadership nities on the island, we will face growing to conduct business in countries like Zaire. vacuum, the decisions will continue to come problems. Who ls this man so esteemed by our for out of Kinshasa and Kampala, and not out eign policy-makers that our African relations of Washington. must be all but cleared with him in advance U.S. AFRICAN POLICY and, if he thinks we are wrong, must be rec STANFORD, CALIF., tified to his satisfaction afterward? Lest we September 12, 1975. forget, Zaire used to be known as The Congo, To the EDITOR. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL a synonym for chaos, and Mobutu was the The Washington Post, 01' NEW YORK man who: Washington, D .C. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Was brought to power and was sustained Sm: It has been publicly admitted by there through the substantial military and Secretary of State Kissinger that the U.S. Frlda11. October 3, 1975 financial backing of the United States; does not have a coherent African policy. But Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, recent dis Consoliadted his grip on the country by it is rank hyperbole to conclude, as did Mr. the public hanging in 1966 of four former Codel in his article in the Washington Post cussions concerning this country's policy cabinet ministers, including ex-Preinier on September 9, 1975, that as long as the with respect to Africa should not go with Evariste Kimba, following a Joke military State Department remains preoccupied ·with out scrutiny by this body. The issues that "trial" on trumped-up conspiracy charges; Middle Eastern Affairs, decisions on our are now being raised deal with the in Maintains a policy of keeping resident for African policy "will continue to come out of equities in the way that our foreign eigners, both black and white, as virtual Kinshasa and Kampala, and not out o! policy is being administered on that con hostages through xenophobic propaganda Washington." tinent and range from agricultural and and anti-foreign campaigns every time a Mr. Codel obviously holds no brief for energy concerns t.o the criterion we use coup starts brewing. the policies of Presidents Mobutu of Zaire Has maintained himself in power by buy and Idi Amin of Uganda, but there is no evi for selecting our officials to represent us ing off or Jailing potential opponents. This, dence that these two men have been able there. The Congressional Black Caucus, at least, satisfies our policy-makers' desire to influence our non-policies in Africa. For as you know, has included the examina for "stablllty." Pity that it's little different many months now there there has been no tion of our African policy high on our from Duvalier-style stability. U.S. Ambassador in Kampala.. One may ob legislative agenda. In this regard, our Who bears the responsibility for permit ject to President Amin's actions and pro efforts to influence a change in our cur ting this kind of man to have such an in nouncements, but the question ls whether rent policy toward Africa has been both fluence on our foreign policy decisions? To the withdrawal o! U.S. representation from criticized and defended. I bring to the my mind, the Sta.te Department and Con Kampala is the wise way to deal with him. attention of my colleagues an article en gre.ss share equal bla.me. Has the State Department not yet learned At State, it's the increasingly familiar that its most successful ambassadors in titled "The Future of U.S. Foreign problem of Secretary Kissinger being so per Africa have been men who knew how to com Policy" by Michael Codel which ap sonally involved in pursuing our interests bine the role of ambassador with that of in peared recently in the Washington Post in some regions that he has no time to look structor in international affairs? For many and a. letter in response to that article after them in others. If we have an African an African chief of state, the activities in written by Dr. Elliott P. Skinner, former policy, it must exist in a void, without Washington are viewed as bizarre as is Afri U.S. Ambassador to Upper Volta and knowledgeable leadership from either Presi can behavior to many Americans. The skill dent or secretary. Regional or desk omcers ful U.S. ambassador in Africa must !Unction currently chairman of the Board of Di can't be expected. to assume such leadership, rectors for the African-American Schol as interpreter to both his countrymen and and. I wouldn't fault their hesitancy after to the people to whom he is accredited. ars Council, Inc. Both the article and the the Carter affair. Failure to do so spells disaster. letter follow: In Congress, we see the disproportionate Many U.S. diplomats now admit that the THE F'uTUBB Oii' U.S. AFRICAN POLICY influence of the Black Congressional Caucus Davis appointment as Assistant Secretary of (By :Michael R. Codel) which seems to wield considerable strength State for African Afl'airs was a mistake. Al in a policy vacuum. The caucus is to be though allegedly a good diplomat, lack of The United States continues down a risky commended for keeping Africa. at least some pa.th by permltttng President Mobutu Sese African experience is a serious handicap for what in the public eye and for 1ts support of anyone responsible for our African policy. seko of Zaire to dictate our African foreign Ambassador Carter (although I wonder to policy. Any Foreign Service officer who goes to Africa. what extent this support would have been quickly realizes that the whole history The latest act of acquiescence to Mobutu's rendered. if Mr. carter were not black). Un whlms ts the impending resignation of Western activities in Africa influences fortunately, however, the Caucus has t.oo his/ her work in not so subtle ways. Had the Nathaniel Davis after only five months as often supported. the demagoguery of numer AssLsta.nt Secretary of State for African Af ous dictators who suppress their own people. Secretary himself been more sensitive to fairs. Among the reasons that have been African opinions and attitudes, he would This ls no service to Africa nor those de have recognized the liabilities facing any given ls Mobutu's refusal to allow Davis into scended from Africans. Zaire in July. On the senate side, the • 31748 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 the Africans had challenged Davis' nomina There is no question in my mind of a [From the Wall Street Journal, Sept. 22, 1975) No tion, the Secretary had to support him. direct relationship between Turkish BURNS PROPOSES AN ECONOMIC BLUEPRINT strong state can tolerate other states pub THAT BLENDS RADICAL, REACTIONARY IDEAS licly criticizing whom it selects to conduct poppy production and American heroin its policies. addiction. During the past 3 years when WASHINGTON.-Blending a batch of radical It is unfortunate that Davis is now a vic the Turkish government had banned and reactionary ideas, Arthur Burns put forth tim of America's hesitation to develop a opium production in its country, the esti a far-reaching economic program about new mated number of heroin addicts in the ways to cope with inflation ·and unemploy viable policy towards Africa. It is also un ment. fortunat e that Ambassador Hinton did not United States dropped by 60 percent. The Federal Reserve Board chairman, de have t he experience to surmount the difil Since the recent Tw·kish replacement of claring that conventional economic thinking culties that he faced in Zaire. But is it true the ban with the current complex system is "inadequate and out of date," said the that Ambassador W. Beverly Carter was a of controls and inspection U.S. heroin victim of Mobutu's pique at the publicity nation must "reopen our economic minds" given the Popular Revolutionary Party? Or addiction is again on the rise. If I had to find new tools to deal with today's prob did he, as a skillful diplomat who success voted to resume arms shipments to Tur lems. The standard economic tools of fisc·a1 key, I would have, in effect, stated that and monetary policy can't restore full em fully facilitated the release of the young ployment without risking ruinous inflation, primatologlsts, run afoul of Kissinger's rigid narcotics control was a secondary prior Mr. Burns believes. policy toward hostages? The Secretary will ity. Because I felt, however, that the level The Burns blueprint for economic-policy eventually learn that the time is not yet ripe of heroin addiction in our communities overhaul, outlined Friday night in a speech when the U.S. can elaborate a common policy is a matter of great national concern, I at the University of Georgia, sketches out towards all mankind. Ambassador Carter saw no reason to reward resumed poppy sweeping "structural reforms" that range should therefore not be pilloried for mesh cultivation in Turkey with renewed mili from the far left to far right. While suggest ing a worldwide policy against the reality of tary aid. ing that the federal government guar·antee Africa. The mark of a brilliant diplomat is to employ anyone who can't find a. private to protect the lives of his fellow citizens. It sector job, the Fed chief also urges a sharp is a mark of failure if he sacrifices them to DR. BURNS AND JOBS FOR ALL cutback in unemployment benefits and other policies, which, in the nature of things, are government welfare programs. fated to change. Although Mr. Burns has publicly dis Those of us who have watched the evolu cussed some of these ideas before, asso tion of Dr. Kissinger's attitude towards HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS OF CALIFORNIA ciates say his Friday speech was an effort Africa since the beginning of the Nixon Ad to kick off a major national debate. One Fed ministration have been appalled by its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES insider, who called the speech one of the arrogance and naivete masquerading as Friday, October 3, 1975 most important of Mr. Burn's career, said: "toughness" and "realism." Nixon's Nige "He feels very strongly something has to be rian Civil War policy was a disaster, our Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, as you done to save the economy." A Ford admin Portuguese policy unrealistic, our Sahelian no doubt already know, Congressman istration official said Mr. Burns has infor drought policy miserly, and our South.. Afri HENRY s. REUSS and I are principal spon mally discussed his ideas with presidenti'al can policy shortsighted. Equally lamentable sors, along with 109 of our colleagues in economic aides and has "decided to unload has been the callous attitudes of the State them" publicly. Department and the White House towards the House, of H.R. 50, the Equal Oppor Black Foreign Service officers. These all too tunity and Full Employment Act. Sena EXPRESSES ALARM few persons have been so unnecessarily hu tor HUBERT H. HUMPHREY and six other The Reserve Boa.rd chairman expressed miliated that one wonders whether there is Senators have introduced it as S. 50 in alarm that "inflation once again appears to a. calculated attempt to challenge both their the Senate. If enacted, this legislation be accelerating" even though the economy devotion to their careers and their country. would establish the rights of all adult h'as barely begun to recover from the worst Coming as a sequel to Ambasador Carter's recession since the 1930s. Revival of con Americans able and willing to work to sumer confidence, essential to recovery, "is mistreatment is the news that another bril equal opportunities for useful paid em liant officer, Dr. Samuel Adams, Director of being hampered by widespread concern that U.S. A.I.D.'s African Bureau, is being re ployment at fair rates of compensation. a. fresh outburst of double-digit inflation lieved of his position just when his approach It would provide for emergency action to may before long bring on another reces is beginning to bear fruit. One hopes that help combat the devastating effects of sion," he said. President Ford will soon ask his Secretary the present recession through vigorous While the bla-me for inflation often is of State to develop a sensitive and worth programs to attain full employment pinned on such events as a crop shortage or an oil-price increase, Mr. Burns said, infla whil~ African policy. without inflation. It requires among Sincerely, tion 'actually "has its roots in the structure other things, that the President submit of our governmental institutions and in the ELLIOTT P. SKINNER, a national purpose and full employment Franz Boas Professor of Anthropology, :financial policies of our government.'' His Columbia University; Chairman of budget within 60 days to combat the re specific ideas focus on ways to reverse this the Board of the African American cession. It establishes machinery that "inflationary bias" built into the economy. Scholars Council; Fellow at the would make the Federal Government the Perhaps the most radical idea. from this employer of last resort, were an able per conservative economist is that of govern Center for Advanced Study in the ment-guaranteed jobs. "There may be no Behavioral Sciences, 1975-76; and son seeking a job unable to secure one way to reach the goal of full employment Former U .S. Ambassador to Upper through private industry or otherwise. short of making the government an employer It mandates a program that would re of last resort," Mr. Burns said. He added: duce the level of unemployment to 3 per "This could be done by offering public em l >:·•Vo!~KISH AID VOTE cent within 20 months. ployment-for example in hospitals, schools, Indeed, Mr. Speaker, the concept of public parks and the like-to anyone who full employment, which in my view is willing to work.'' But the pay should be, in Mr. Burns' view, "somewhat below the HON. HAROLD E. FORD means no acceptable rate of unemploy federal minimum wage," currently $2.10 an OF TENNESSEE ment, is a viable one in the interest of hour for most workers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all Americans. This legislation, if en Workers in the last-resort, low-pay jobs acted, would put this country back to Friday, October 3, 1975 would be encom·aged to :find better-paying f work and introduce full production, san jobs elsewhere. The budget cost of the pro Mr FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, ity, and order into our senseless, stag gram "needn't be burdensome" because of I wish to clarify my vote against S. 2230, nant, and mismanaged economy. a companion plan Mr. Burns links with the which sought to renew arms shipments guaranteed-jobs idea: a "sharp reduction in I would like to submit three news arti the scope of unemployment insurance and to Turkey. The primary reason I failed to cles which appeared recently, reporting other governmental programs to alleviate support this legislation was my deep con. on a speech made by Federal Reserve income loss." cern for the continued cultivation of Chairman Arthur Burns at the Univer Turkish poppy which has been a major sity of Georgia in Athens on Friday, Sep LIMITED UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS Unemployment benefits should be limited contributing factor in the rise of U.S. tember 19, 1975. In that speech, Dr. Burns to a short period, perhaps 13 week$ or so, heroin addiction. We have seen the de spoke on a number of issues relating to compared with as many as 65 weeks under structive effect of heroin addiction on the current dismal state of our economy current law, Mr. Burns said. Jobless benefits oilr cities. All of us who represent urban and endorsed. the concept of having the are so "generous" currently tha.t "they may districts are familiar with the increase in Federal Government act as an employer be blunting incentives to work," he· asserted. i·obberies, mugging, and property damage of last resort, which is embodied in H.R. _ As he has often done before, Mr~ Burns which result from those desperate to 50 and S. 50. The text of the articles urged that the government rethink the role meet the costs of their heroin habit. follows: of an "incomes policy," which is a term Mr. Octobe1· 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31749 Burns uses to describe nonmandatory wage creation of money and still larger go,•ern• In today's speech, perhaps more than ever and-price restraints. Wage-price controls mental deficits." before, Dr. Burns stressed the "changing don't promise any "lasting benefits," de Since bigger budget deficits and easier character of our economic institutions" as a clared Mr. Burns, suggesting that it "might money a.re too risky, he said, "we must now cause of the nation's persistent infiation actually be helpful lf the Congress renounced seek (other) ways of bringing unemployment problem-and not merely faUlty "financial any intention to return to mandatory con down without becoming engulfed by a new policies of our Government," though he gave trols." The Fed chief added, however, that wave of inflation." them some of the blame as well. "a modest form" of wage-price restraints, per One way may be to make the government He strongly implied that the nation would haps mixing quiet government intervention "an employer of last resort," he said. "This have some inflation even if fiscal and mone in some cases with public confrontations in could be done by offering public employ tary policy were conducted 1n a much more others, ls worth considering. ment-for example, in hospitals, schools, antl-infiationary manner than before. Other ideas on the Burns list of policy public parks or the like-to anyone who ls And, he said, use of fiscal and monetary changes include: willing to work at a rate of pay somewhat policy to pump up the economy will fail to Steps to spur plant-and-equipment expan below the federal minimum wage. solve the unemployment problem "once in sion and modernization, including unspeci "To be sure, such a program would not flationary expectations have become wide fied tax-law changes to encourage invest reach those who are voluntarily unemployed, spread.'' ment. but there is also no compelling reason why Thus, he said, structm·al reforms of the A "stretching out of the timetables" for it should do so.'' economy "deserve more attention this criti achievlng environmental and job-safety goals Burns clearly was proposing a much bigger cal year from members of the Congress and to reduce the upward pressure on business program that the present limited program of from academic students of public policy than costs that trigger price increases. public service jobs, but he said the cost of they have been receiving." He also said, A "vigorous search" for ways to enhance eliminating all involuntary unemployment "Conventional thinking about stabilization pl'ice competition in industry, including a "need not be burdensome." policies ls inadequate and out of date." "reassessment" of antitrust laws and im Many now counted as unemployed would Apart from the sweeping new program of provement of their enforcement. refuse the low-paying jobs, he said, and "the low-wage public employment and an in Mr. Burns conceded it would be difficult availability of public jobs would permit sharp comes policy, Dr. Burns made these other to enact his Ideas, many of which surely reduction in the scope of unemployment suggestions: would stir strong opposition from organized insurance and other governmental programs Encouragement of more investment in labor and business interests. Noting their to alleviate income loss." plant and equipment to improve productiv controversial nature, one Ford administra Unemployment compensation benefits ity, mainly by "overhauling the structure o! tion official stressed the White House Isn't "may be blunting incentives to work," he Federal taxation so as to increase incentives seriously considering the Burns ideas. "Only said, proposing reduction of maximum eli for business capital spending and for equity a 71-year-old man with a 14-year appoint gibility for payments from 65 to about 13 investments in American enterprise.'' ment could make such a speech," he re weeks. "Stretching out the timetable for achiev marked. ing our environmental and safety goals." [From the New York Times, Sept. 20, 1975] Improved enforcement of antitrust laws [From the Washington Star, Sept. 20, 1975] BURNS PROPOSES PuBLIC JOB PL_'\N and a reassessment of such things as the BURNS: GOVERNMENT SHOULD BECOME postal service monopoly and transportation (By Edwin L. Dale Jr.) "E::i.IPLOYER OF LAsT RESORT" regulations. (By Lee M. Cohn) WASHINGTON, September 19.-Al·thur F. A review o! laws affecting labor markets, Burns, chairman of the Federal Reserve Including the minimum wage law, the Davis The government should hire anyone who Board, suggested today that it would be wants a job and cut back sharply on aid to Bacon Act (which requires contractors for better to tackle unemployment by providing Federal construction projects to pay prevail anyone who refuses to work, Federal Reserve low-wage government jobs for anyone willing Chairman Arthur F. Burns proposed yester ing wages in the area) and the level of bene to take them than by further pumping up fits In the unemployment compensation sys day. the economy through budget deficits and a That would be one way to fight unemploy tem, which he said "mn.y be blunting incen rapid rise in money and credit. tives to work." ment without aggravating infiation through Dr. Burns proposed this and other ideas easy credit and big budget deficits, Burns Nothing that neither wages nor most prices for reducing the "inflationary bias" of the ever come down any more, even at a time said. economy in a speech at the University o! He also proposed more direct government of recession, Dr. Burns said, "Whatever may Georgia in Athens. The text was made avail have been tn1e in the past, there ls no long pressure on labor and business-short of able here. He said an amendment to the Con mandatory controls-to curb inflationary er a meaningful tradeoff between unemploy stitution might be required to make sure ment and inflation." wage a.nd price increases. that pay for "these special public jobs" was Warning that 1nfiation threatens the na not allowed to rise and thus reduce incentives tion's polttical and social stability, he said to seek private employment. U.S. SUPPORT FOR ISRAEL fundamental reforms are needed 1n the Calling the program one of making govern structure of the economy and in government ment "an employer of last resort" as a means poltcies. Traditional fiscal and monetary of eliminating "all involuntary unemploy poltcy tools no longer can bear the whole HON. LESTER L. WOLFF ment," Dr. Burns proposed that the jobs be OF NEW YORK burden of keeping the economy on a sound offered "to anyone who was willing to work track, he said. at a rate of pay somewhat below the Federal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Burns' program, laid out in a speech at the minimum wage" of $2.10 an hour. University of Georgia in Athens last night, Friday, October 3, 1975 amounted to a call for a shift away from LITI'LE COST SEEN Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, this sum what he called "the welfare state" toward He said the plan would not impose a bur mer, our esteemed colleague from llii densome budgetary cost because the number individual initiative and self-reliance. nois (Mrs. COLLINS) visited Israel and The speech was Intended to challenge cur taking these jobs would be much smaller rently conventional economic thought. It than the number now counted as unem upon her return, she recorded her im recalled a 1970 speech by Burns that contrib ployed and because there would be a sharp pressions on American-Israeli relations uted to drastic changes in the Nixon admin reduction in unemployment compensation for Encore American and Worldwide istration's policies, including adoption ot payments and "other governmental pro News. wage and price controls. grams to alleviate income loss." I found her article a cogent interpreta "Inflation bas weakened our economy Dr. Burns again called for some kind of tion of the needs of the Middle East by (a:ad) it ts also endangering our economic "incomes policy" to influence private wage the search for peace. i thought it would and social system based on freedom," he said and price behavior, but he specifically op last night. "America has become enmeshed posed a return to mandatory controls. He be of particular interest to the House on in an inflationary web, and we need to gather said: the eve of its considering the Sinai ac our moral strength and intellectual courage "It might be helpful if the Congress re cord negotiated by Secretary Kissinger. to extricate ourselves from it." nounced any intention to return to manda For the RECORD, Mr. Speaker, I include Conventionally, governments fight unem tory controls, so that businesses and trade the full text of Mrs. COLLINS' article, ployment by trying to stimulate the econ unions could look forward with confidence "U.S. Support for Israel": omy through deficit spending and rapid to the continuance of free markets." ex U.S. SUPPORT FOR ISRAEL pansion of money and credit, but these The wide-ranging speech touched on al methods can be dangerous in this infiation most everything except the province of the (By Cardiss Collins) ary era, he said. Federal Reserve: monetary policy. (NOTE.-One of four Black women mem.bers "Some ominous signs have emerged," he While Dr. Burns's views on all these other o! the House of Representatives, Congress said. ''Despite an occasional pa.use, inflation aspects of economic policy are listened. to woman Collins (D-Ill.) is a member of the once again may be accelerating." In these respectfully within the Administration and Committee on International Relations.) clrcUinStances, he said, "I totally rejeet the 1n Congress, he has not been notably suc In June I visited Israel and would like to argument of those who keep urging faster cessful in having most of his ideas adopted. share with you some of my perceptions, EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 feelings, and impressions on the American Rodels. These passes serve as a defense line borhoods in search of illegal aliens. The Israeli relationship. for Sinai and for all Israel. Because of natu nature and scope of the program, recent That topic is especially important today ral barriers in the Sinai, Israel's defense line in light of the breakdown in Secretary Kis is only about 95 miles long if it retains the ly discontinued by the INS wider pres singer's shuttle diplomacy between Israel and passes, but about 220 miles long i! that terri sure from the courts and community Egypt, President Ford's call for reassessment tory ls ceded. Once beyond the passes, no groups, are detailed in a recent article of American policy in the Middle East, and natural strong points serve as barriers be which appeared in the Los Angeles Times. the talk of a more "evenhanded" policy to tween the Egyptian Army and the populated Its contents are set out here. ward Israel. areas of Israel. The Federal courts have been critical Doubts have risen about continuing U.S. While in Israel I visited the Golan Heights. of law enforcement officers who, in their support of Israel. When we add to that ques Looking down into the valley, it became clear zeal to uncover illegal aliens, have in tion the economic and political muscle the why it would be suicidal for Israel to give up Arab states have learned to flex, it becomes those heights and take the risk of having vaded the constitutional rights of Ame:r evident that the American commitment to Syria swoop down on the people in the ican citizens. For example, in June 1975, Israel needs to be reemphasized. To quote kibbutzim. the Supreme Cow·t invalidated the st-0p Abba Eban, "the American-Israeli friendship There has been a great deal of talk lately ping and questioning of persons in a pri needs intense and careful cultivation at this about the oil fields at Abu Rodeis, which vate automobile by Federal officials sole hour." Israel has agreed to surrender even though ly because the occupants looked Mexican. Why after 25 years of unwavering Ameri they supply 100,000 barrels of oil a day- United States v. Brignoni-Ponce, 95 S.Ct. can support for Israel is there a need for re 60 percent of domestic need. 2574 (1975). assessment? I commend Israel for the willingness to No change has occurred in the interests give up so much of the territory occupied in If Federal law enforcement officers shared by the United States and Israel; in the 1967 war for the sake of permanent have exercised their broad discretion in a the harmony in democratic values and ideals; peace while Egypt was unwilling to make discriminatory, unlawful, and unconsti in the strategic location of Israel; in the even a public pledge of nonbelligerency in tutional manner, as the Brignoni-Ponce awareness that no American life has been return for these concessions. case demonstrates, is there any reason lost in the defense of Israel. Yet reevaluation In fact, the Arab states don't appear ready to believe that private employers, who is occurring. Is it because of the collapse of to make any compromise. I see no change in Israeli-Egyptian negotiations and the so their rhetoric, the terrorist attacks have con are not under any constitutional pro called failure of American efforts to achieve tinued, and they waged another successful scriptions, will act any differently? The peace? While the administration says no propaganda war. Thus it is easy to see that total and uncontrolled discretion which point exists in blaming either of the parties, the impasse was not caused totally by Israeli the illegal alien bill, H.R. 8713, gives to the reassessment itself implies a finding of unwillingness to compromise or by U.S. policy private persons to inquire into the citi fault with Israel and many of my colleagues failure. zenship of applicants and employees believe that somewhere along the line Israel Inasmuch as the American commitment should give each of us pause in support changed its position and policy without mak t o the sovereignty of Israel remains a corner ing this measure. ing Kissinger aware of its new stance. stone of American policy in the eastern Unfortunately, many myths have surfaced. Mediterranean, the task before us is this: It is hoped that when the illegal alien I am concerned about those relating to Amer \Ve must make it evident once again in bill comes to the floor of this House, each ican failure in the Middle East and Israeli Cau·o, in Damascus, in Baghdad, as well as Member will recall the facts reported in intransigence. in Moscow, that we stand behind the legiti the article below and understand how All of us who are concerned with the macy of the Jewish nation. Any uncertainty this bill will perpetuate the shoddy and viability of Israel and peace in the Middle about the American attitude toward Israel may cause Arab governments to imagine a illegal conduct described in it: East were disappointed with the collapse of IMMIGRATION SERVICE HALTS BARRIO SWEEPS efforts to arrange a further agreement on an weakening of American support and thus make it unlikely that the Arabs will offer lV...ASS RAIDS IN NEIGHBORHOODS STRONGL y Israel withdrawal from occupied territory. CRITICIZED BY NATION'S CHICANO ACTIVISTS Nevertheless, our policy under Kissinger's genuil1e steps of conciliation. I fully believe leadership has been successful since the Yorn there will be no settlement until there is (By Frank Del Olmo) Kippur War in arranging a ceasefire and compromise on both sides. The U.S. Immigration and Naturalization maintaining the balance of power that is a In closing, let me add that the recent fall Service has discontinued the use of mass of Cambodia and Vietnam to the Commu raids in residential areas as a means of locat prerequisite for discouraging further hos nists should not be allowed to cloud pros tilities. We arranged a disengagement agree ing illegal immigrants, INS otficials an ment with Egypt and Syria and created a pects for continued American support of nounced Tuesday. Israel. Withdrawal of support for corrupt The policy change was made public oy situation in which even the collapse of ne dictatorships in Southeast Asia does not mean gotiations does not lead inevitably to war. INS Commissioner Leonard F. Chapman in n. an end to our commitment to a vital democ meeting in Washington, D.C., with represent America's status and image in the Arab racy in the Middle East. Our foreign policy world have improved tremendously since the atives of several Mexican-American and has never been monolithic, and I feel certain Puerto Rican organizations. The change is 1973 war, even though during that same that we will continue to evaluate our com period there has been a massive U.S. reen in part aimed at decreasing friction between mitments in various parts of the world on INS otficers and citizens of Latin-American forcement of Israel. I do believe that the an individual basis. American attempt at mediation should be extraction. labeled a failure because both sides still At the Monday meeting, according to INS trust the United States and are willing to use spokesmen, several persons expressed con it as a mediator. cern that enforcement of the nation's immi gration laws appears to be directed more at Some of the people most dismayed over ILLEGAL ALIEN BILL PERPETUATES the collapse of negotiations have blamed persons of Latin-American nationalities than Israeli intransigence. It would be a grave INJUSTICES AGAINST CITIZENS OF at other ethnic groups. mistake to allow this myth to become a HISPANIC ORIGIN Chapman reportedly replied that this is popular notion in this country, because Is because most of the persons apprehended as rael has given up territory west of the Suez illegal immigrants each year by INS otficers Canal, has pulled back from territory west HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN are Mexican nationals, and most of these ar of the Suez Canal, has pulled back from ter rests are made at or near the U.S.-Mexico ritory in the Sinai that Egypt never occupied OF MASSACHUSETTS border. during the 1973 war, has retreated from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES INS spokesmen said Chapman told the meeting he has directed immigration investi approaches to Damascus, and has given up Friday, October 3, 1975 Kuneitra and surrounding land that Syria gators operating in cities away from the bor was unable to t ake militarily. These con Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, a constant der to discontinue "area sweeps" as a meaus cessions have been made in the absence of complaint of citizens of Hispanic origin of finding illegal aliens. the one Arab act that would be meaningful: is that enforcement officers harass them, "Area sweeps" are INS operations in which a permanent, negotiated peace settlement. because they may be illegal aliens. The large numbers of immigration investlgat01·s During this latest round of negotiations harassment takes many forms. One of and U.S. Border Patrol agents are detailed to (supposedly scuttled by Israeli intransigence) move en masse through neighborhoods look what did Israel offer? its crudest and most blatant forms is the ing for suspected illegal immigrants. Israel offered to pull back from the strate so-called area sweep, conducted by the Chicano activists have long complained gic Gidi and Mitla passes that command Immigration and Naturalization Service that such sweeps are regularly held in Mex the approaches to the southern Suez Canal, of the Department of Justice. ican-American barlos, disrupting community that guard the large Israeli base at Refidim, "Area sweeps" are en masse raids by life and resulting in undue harassment of and that control the road south to Abu INS officials into Latin American neigh- Mexican-American citizens. Octobe1~ 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Chapman told the meeting that under re ing the intelligence agencies which our In short, there exist people with a special cent court decisions and INS directives, all Nation has established together with in kind of guts that few of us will ever have to INS officers must now be able to articulate formation regarding the defects which call on, much less comprehend. And the CIA reasons other than skin color to justify feels that such operatives should have a more stopping persons and questioning them may exist in the organization and opera comfortable option in taking their own lives. about their nationaUty. tion of our intelligence gathering and That's pretty harsh. But so is the business The last large-scale sweeps in the Los evaluation systems. These subjects re of intelligence gathering in the far corners Angeles area were conducted in June, 1973. quire the kind of congressional scrutiny of a divided world. During a four-week period more than 11,500 which our House Select Committee has Not long ago we heard of a CIA agent in illegal immigrants were apprehended by a been authorized to under,take. his late 30s, with a family back home and a special force of 60 INS officers operating in In connection with this task, it is ap devout love of country, who spent months Los Angeles and Orange counties. hiding in a jungle cave overlooking the Ho While INS officials said the raids were effec propriate to recognize that the Congress Chi Minh Trail as he reported on North Viet tive, the sweeps also created tension between itself has failed to provide adequate over namese military traffic through Laos. Cap Chicanos and INS officers in Los Angeles. sight of our intelligence community dur ture as a civilian would have meant certain Several persons who witnessed sweeps or were ing the period since the creation of the torture and death for him. caught up in them accused INS officers of Central Intelligence Agency in 1947. Ac We know of others who endured similar physically abusing some suspects and deny cordingly, responsibility for at least some ordeals in the mountains of northern Thail ing others access to counsel. of the intelligence failures and deficien land, monitoring Communist rebel move Similar mass raids conducted last year in be ment in the days when Southeast Asia intel New York City and Chicago also generated cies must assumed by this body and ligence was an American priority. controversy. In response to a lawsuit filed as the other body. This is not to suggest And there 1s yet another we know of who a result of the Chicago raids, an Illinois judge that the executive branch should be ex is buried behind the facade of a successful handed down a restraining order that pre cused from a single bit of criticism re exporter in a major Far Eastern city that vented. INS from conducting any more such sulting from its failure to adequately serves as a crossroads of diplomatic, eco raids, according to INS sources. supervise and control illegal and im nomic, and military information. In place of area surveys, INS spokesmen proper actions committed in the name of Each has faced his own private hell. Each said, immigration investigators henceforth intelligence. should at least be afforded a painless method will concentrate their search for illegal immi of dying if that ever becomes necessary in grants at places of employment where large Mr. Speaker, the distinguished Chicago an assignment. numbers of illegal aliens are thought to be Tribune columnist, Bob Wiedrich, has Colby's attempt aJt justifying the hush working. composed a most illuminating article in hush CIA toxic research program of 1952 Reacting to Chapman's announcement, which he discusses this general subject. came under Senate questioning a.bout small INS officials in Los Angeles said that since Bob Wiedrich's article expresses this quantities of shellfish toxin and cobra venom the 1973 raids only a few small-scale area thesis far more eloquently than can I. kept in a CIA storehouse in defiance of a surveys have been conducted locally. The article from the October 3 issue of presidential order to destroy the stuff. Joseph Sureck, INS district director in Los the Ohicago Tribune is attached to these Neither he nor former CIA chief Rd.chard Angeles, said recent surveys have been limited Helms sought to excuse the fact that the to specific communities like Redondo Beach remarks for the benefit of my colleagues poisons were saved. or San Fernando and were conducted only at and for the edification of all who have Nor is this column intended as a justifi~ the request of local law enforcement agencies occasion to glean these pages. cation of the excesses, bad judgments, and '"when concentrations of illegal aliens have CIA 's ENTITLED To KINDER SUICIDE domestic violations of law committed by the begun to represent problems." (By Bob Wiedrich) agency. Local INS sources also said that immigra Cyanide can require up to 15 minutes to But like so many other things, the CIA tion officers in Los Angeles have for some grew like Topsy after its 1947 birth. With time now been "staying away from the bar kill. It causes an agonizingly painful death by asphyxiation. Spies on both sides in World little congressional supervision and a suc rios" to avoid confrontations with Mexican cession of Presidents who looked the other Americans. War II used it on themselves as a last resort. "Agents didn't want to face that kind way, the CIA conducted its operations These sources said local INS officials be through Cold War and actual war, spy scan lieve investigators do a more effective job of of fate," Director William Colby of the Cen tral Intelligence Agency said when a Senate dals, atomic secret thefts, and an epidemic looking for illegal immigrants in factories of assassinations by foreign operatives that and other places of employment. committee asked him why the search for a substitute for the cyanide L-pill was started persists around the world to this day. Noel Doran of the National Council of INS If anyone was remiss, it was Congress it Locals, the labor union for immigration of in 1952. Bluntly, American intelligence operatives self. It gave the CIA virtually unlimited ficers, said the new policy apparently was funds. It kissed off its constitutional duty of an effort to use "very limited manpower to wanted to die as quickly and painlessly as possible if it became necessary in the battle oversight. It, like the men in the White the best of our ability." House, took a duck rather than know the On the average, INS officers locate 200 il they wage in the back alleys of the world. They did not wish to lie suffering and gasp grisly details of what was going on in the legal lmmigrants each working day in the Los unending battle for intelligence informa Angeles area, according to Sureck. ing for breath in a cruel paroxysm of death. Implicit in the words Colby spoke so calm tion. ly last month was the harsh reality of the Now the CIA is getting raked over the coals kind of decision that sometimes faces front for getting out of hand. We believe most of line CIA agents and the people they hire in those charged with the duty of supervision CONGRESS MUST ASSUME PARTIAL foreign lands. on Capitol Hill will seek to refashion the BLAME FOR INTELLIGENCE AGEN Nobody claims their work is clean or hon agency in conformity with democratic ideals CIES orable in execution. Colby and others admit rather than destroy it. that though it is vital to the security of the But we hope they wlll keep in mind the nation, it is often dirty. cruel reality of some of the tasks accepted HON. ROBERT McCLORY And if one examines what Colby said, it by the CIA's personnel-and also recognize becomes clear that it does not matter wheth that some of those tasks are necessary to our OF U..LINOIS er one prefers suicide over torture and even national survival. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tual death by other means. Friday, October 3, 1975 What does count is that in this world of diminished values there remains a small Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, in con band of human beings so dedicated to a nection with the sensitive work of the duty or an ideal that they will accept death WEATHER UNDERGROUND SUP House Select Committee on Intelligence at their own hands rather than divulge in PORTERS TARGET THE BICEN upon which I serve as the ranking mi formation damaging to their nation, that TENNIAL to such people aeath over dishonor retains nority member, I have expressed both to a special meaning. my colleagues on the committee and in And what matters further is that there public forums my concern about actions really does exist in the backwaters of the HON. LARRY McDONALD which might reveal the identities of globe a clandestine warfare in which men OF GEORGIA secret agents or other persons operating and women of many nations are pitted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES under cover-upon which much of our against one another with death as the ulti Friday, October 3, 1975 intelligence depends. mate mechanism of escape from the conse Mr. Speaker, it is highly important quences of being captured by an enemy bent Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. that we secure facts and figures regard- on extracting information. Speaker, an organization of more than 31752 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 1,000 allenat.ed, dangerous Ame1icans In a "draft statement of purpose" re Our work with the PSP has always been an operating in support of the Marxist ter cently distributed by the PFOC, the extremely principled relationship. We accom rorist group, the Weather Underground Weather Underground support apparatus plish good work together, struggle over prob Organization-WUO-has emerged. dur and propaganda arm clearly proclaims it lems, but define our priorities as unity. We ing the past 12 months. is have grown together, and plan to do work In a Marxist-Lenlnist, that is, Commu the future. The PSP has pushed us forward Known as the Prairie Fire Organizing nist, organization dedicated to promoting more than any other group we have worked Committee-PFOC-this nationally ac "socialist 1·evolution in the United With .••• tive band has stated that our Bicenten States." nial year presents them with a "clear The document opens with a credo: They continue: challenge." They say: We believe that anti-imperialism ls the Many o! our people being new don't feel Clearly, the bicentennial ls the ruling strategy for soclallst revolution In the United strong enough to represent us in coalitions. class's celebration o! lmperlallsm, racism and States; • * • We support the struggles o! all This problem we are dealing with by Initiat sexism. It ls a glorification of a sick and dy people fighting to defeat U.S. imperialism. It ing constant study !or our members, with the !ing system, an all encompassing garbage wUl take a revolution led by the working class realization that political development ls a !heap of contradictions. The rulers ha.ve set to overthrow the present monopoly capital process. This we see happening by theory and the time !or the party. Let us bring the fire ist/imperialist order and bring forth a new practice, and the constant criticism-self criti works! society where the working class will control cism of the collective. the productive forces • • •. • • • We are in the process of picking In light of the Weather Underground's leadership, a.nd people to be on the National public claims of responsibility for more Under the subheading, "Who We Are," Committee. For the past year this was an than two dozen bombings, this statement the statement concluded: unstructured role, which we are defining as circulated by its overt or "aboveground" We are an organizing committee dedicated we develop better tmderstandlngs o! :Marxist support appara.tl.'.S must cause us genuine to building a strong organized movement Leninist theory and practice. concern-concern focused. on Philadel among the people o! the U.S. particularly In • • • • • phia on July 4, 1976. At that time, this the working class. Through principled strug We have taken good leadership roles in a. gle In theory and practice we are bullding the terrorist support group and another unity of anti-imperialist forces. We are devel number of coalitions In Phile.. The Phila. violence-prone revolutiona1-y group plan oping ourselves as cadre, proletarianizing network, formerly mentioned, we helped start to hold a national mobilization, "a mas and continue to work, • • •.We have started ourselves and are building communist orga to work 1n the women's union, and the group sive, militant people's celebration which nization to participate In leading the mass called People's 76. Phlla. PFOC has given aid will place demands on the pigs' door struggle necessary to defeat U.S. lmperiallsni. and support to the Susan Saxe defense com step." Towards these goals we study Marxlsm mittee. We hope to join a coalition to sup In view of this threat, let us consider Lenlnism and apply it to the concrete con port the Pine Ridge Resistance. the background, structure, and activities ditions o! the U.S. We involve ourselves In of this group in its principal organizing mass work and mass struggle to become The Boston Prairie Fil'e Organizing rooted in the working class and learn from Committee reported: centers-New York, Chicago, Boston, the people. We use the tool of criticlsm/sel! San Francisco, Philadelphia, and Ver We began to build the PFOC in Boston we criticism. We work toward greater accounta faced these conditions: a poorly-developed mont. bllity and responsiblllty to each other and a anti-imperialist movement in which many On July 26, 1974, the anniversai·y of higher level of discipline to the needs of the internationally focused projects su1fered from Fidel c.astro's assault on the Moncada, whole organization and the broader strug lack of mass work and many deeply-based Prairie Fire, a publication produced gle. We work to build those qualities of lead organlzing projects lacked e.nt1-1mper1allst clandestinel:v by the te1T0rist gang now ership present In all o! us. We are develop perspective and links; fragmentation and sec known as the Weather Underground Or ing a !ull program in our theory and practice. t arianism • • •. ganization-WUO-was distributed at a. Within a year, the Prairie Fire Orga In less than a year we have brought to gether a group o! activists around the politics New York City press conference by WUO nizing Committee was sufficiently orga of Prairie Fire, many o! whom had not pre supporters. nized on a national basis to gather some viously worked in a left organization; the The Weather Underground Organiza 500 delegates for a national conference committee has undertaken ongoing mass pro tion was able to achieve an extensive na held July 11-12, 1975, at the Church of grams against racism and on the food crisis; tionwide distribution of this 152-page the Holy Covenant, Newbury and Berke and worked, often in C08J.ltlon, around Indo revolutionary diatribe which was signed. ley Streets, in Boston, Mass., and on china and Puerto Rico, women and prisons, by WUO leaders Bernardine Dohrn, Wil July 13, 1975,. at the Young Women's etc. • • • At a retreat In December we agreed to begin liam Ayers, Jeffrey Jones, and Celia So Christian Association-YWCA-in Cam ongoing work on the food crJ.sls and against journ. Th1s was achieved despite the fact bridge, Mass. the racist movement In the city. This began, that the WUO is a crimlnal group which This PFOC conference has provided an in practice, the transition !rom a distributing has publicly taken responsibility for important insight into the workings of committee to an organizing commlttee bombing attacks on law enforcement and this terrorist support group. Several though it was several months before we corporate omces and whose leadership chapters provided sel!-evaluations of changed our name. The work o! the national and many known members are presently their activities. travelling group-through the presence o! !ugttives from justice. The Philadelphia PFOC reported its one o! its members in the leadership of the Boston committee-pushed us toward this The circulation of an additional sev "coalition work includes relationships change. • • • eral thousand copies of Prairie Fire was with the following groups:" The Phlla. undertaken by several hastily set UP delphia Network; the Women's Union; The Boston PFOC felt its principal Prairie Fire Distribution Committees the Ea.st Coast Panthers; the Puerto error was its lack of sufficiently strong and associated. alienated extremists who Rican Socialist Party-PSP-a violence central committee leadership and its support the WUO's aim of sparking a prone Marxist-Leninist organization rather haphazard steering committee revolutionary seizure of power in America closely supported. by the Cuban regime; direction. The Boston PFOC has been by "militant action * * * including the National Interim Committee for a active in: armed struggle to defeat the oppressive Mass Party of the People--NIC-a na Work on the Montreal Indochinese Wom en's Conference, production of an Indochina forces of the state." tionwide revolutiona1-y organization related poster for Int'l. Women's Day Widely distributed among the collec founded. by Arthur Kinoy which supports [March 8th), particip&tion in the PRSC tives and communes of the revolutionary armed struggle; the Puerto Rican Soli [Puerto Rican Solidarity Committee J, coali left, local prairie fire organizing com darity Committee-PRSC-a united tion arotmd the NY May Day march, the local mittees, which now have a. national front operated jointly by the PSP and the Days o! Solidarity with Indochina, and par structure, were formed to implement the NIC; the People's 76 group; and the ticipation in other demos. Weather Underground's new political Susan Saxe Defense Committee, a sup After a retreat this spring when we pre sented Howie's [Howle Emmer} paper, "PFOC line-that of developing Leninist cadres port group for the confessed revolution National Strategy and Work" and the idea "to give concrete organizational form to ary bank robber. for the national. conference" the Boston the polltics of revolutionary ant1- The Philadelphia PFOC repart reads in PFOC reorganized, tightening its structure to 1mper1alism... pal't: recognize and build on the fact that as cadre October 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3:175·3 we are already situated in many valuable the United St.ates, the Prairie Fire Or felt by the New Left revolutionists. In organizing situations. ganizing Committee has established a part the propasal reads: The New York City Prairie Fire Or number of organizing priorities includ • • • In the wake of the glorious peoples ganizing Committee was much less reti ing: vtlctory in Vietnam, our foreign policy and Nov. 1, 1975 [anniversary of the 1950 abor presence has lost all its credibility. The blind cent about its range of revolutionary or respect and trust that many Americans felt ganizing activities: tive rebellion in Puerto Rico led by Pedro Al bizu Campos' Nationalist Party] Free the 6 towairds our crisis, CIA a.buses, and by our We have distributed 6,000 copies of Prairie Puerto Rican political prisoners. This cam first clear and overwhelming military defeat. Fire paign is being organized by the committee A feeling of mistrust and disillusionment is We have initiated 5 study groups for new to Liberate the Six Puerto Rican Nation growing, penetrating to the very roots of our people; we taught a course on imperialism alist Political Prisoners. It ls supported by society. at the New York Women's School the PRSC and many other organizations. It The ruling class has been quick to recog We held a forum on the economic crisis will include demonstrations in major cities nize all this. • • • Every caplltalist bureau that 500 people attended on Nov. 1, 1975. The principles of unity are crat in the country Wiill be running a.muck, We spoke in two classes at Richmond Col the liberation of Puerto Rico, the freedom fiapping their mouths about unemployment lege on Staten Island for the six and solidarity with the struggles and inflation while simultaneously trying to We spoke on a panel at the Regional URPE of all political prisoners and oppressed na pacify the people with a gross birthday party, [Union for Radical Political Economics] tions. Work on this campaign will allow us to making full use of the media • • •. Conference bUild unity in practice with many other • • • We see the politics of Pairie Fire as We took part in a benefit for Judge Wright groups, particularly Puerto Rican organiza being diametrically opposed to a happy in New York tions. * • • birthday party, sponsored by Ford, Rocky, We participated in a radio show on WBAI Thanksgiving or Christmas, 1975-Na Kissinger and their flunkies. We cannot allow [FM-Pacifica Network on grand juries] tional Hard Times Unity Conference: their arrogance to go unanswered. The op We had a cable TV show on the Politics of We need to build a united social movement portunities for agitating, educating and or Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism encompassing all people hurt by the eco ganizing people in 1976 will historJ.cally be We participated in the December 14 Anti nomic and political breakdown of the sys critical * • *. Raclsm demonstration in Boston tem. • * • The conference would have The racism of celebrating what white peo We participated in the January 23 con three main goals: 1) Build relations with ple have gained in 200 years thru repression ference to implement the Peace Accords in Third World people; 2) Build national ties and exploitation of Blacks, Native Amer Washington. among organizers; 3) Inspire mass practice icans, Chicanos, Pureto Ricians and Chinese We participated in Puerto Rican Solidarity and mass struggle. • • • people here ls something we es an anti-im Day It would be for organizers and the people perialist revolutionary organization must We sent 2 representatives to Cuba with the we are organizing with, seeking to broaden clearly and openly oppose.• • •We can point Venceremos Brigade participation. • • • All sorts of groups to the myth of liberty and justice for We sent a representative to the Viet Nam/ should come: tenant groups, community all. • * * We ca.n expose the oppression of U.S. Women's Conference in Montreal groups, rank-and-file caucuses, unionists, women as an integral part of the destructive We participated and played a role in Inter food coops, international solidarity commit machine called America. national Women's Day, Mayday, a Cambodian tees, students and campus organizers, wom demonstration around the Mayaguez inci en's groups, groups of older people, orga The Prairie Fire diatribe continues: dent, joined other women in a take-over of nizations of the unemployed, etc. Clearly the bicentennial ls the ruling Senator Javits office. • • • International Women's Day-March 8. class's celebration of imperialism, racism and We produced 1 issue of Groundswell in * * * We can affirm in praotice our convic sexism. It is a glorification of a sick and coordination with Prairie Fire in other cities tion that the liberation of women ls a funda dying system, an all encompassing garbage and have distributed 3,000 copies mental part of the anti-imperialist struggle heap of contradictions. The rules have set We have distributed 2,000 copies of and the Socialist Revolution. • • * It is a the time for the party. Let us bring the :fire Osawatomie [a quarterly journal produced place to join in the struggle against the op works! clandestinely by the Weather Underground pression of gay people by exposing sexism as And PFOC also notes that "Ford, the Organization] a pilar of bourgeois ideology and imperialist We have presented forums in the following rule. Pope and the Queen of England will all areas: Situation in the Middle East, on Indo May Day-International Workers Day. May be in Philadelphia the summer of 1976." china prior to the victory [of the Com Day coalitions afford the opportunity to In light of the recent attempts on the life munists], presentation by Sokum Hing (a unify broad sectors of the movement. They of the President by associates and mem member of the Kamir [Khmer] Residents of are a way to work with Third World Leader bers of extremist violence-prone groups, the U.S.) on the situation in Cambodia be ship in a context where we can begin to take the above statements by the Weather fore the victory, on the politics of women's on greater responsibilities. They are a forum Underground's support group take on liberation, on the Montreal Women's Con to place responsibility for the current crisis added significance. ference, on the situation in Puerto Rico, and squarely at the imperialists door &tep. • * * a presentation on organizing in the south July 4, 1976-The Puerto Rican Socialist The national leadership of the Prairie by Walter Collins, former Executive Director Party has called for a massive National dem Fire Organizing Committee elected at o..: SCEF [Southern Conference Educational onstration in Philadelphia. the July national conference in Boston Fund]." The focus will be two fold. It will be an of includes Jennifer Dohrn, sister of WUO Considerable effort was expended at fensive against the ruling classes use of the fugitive Bernardine Dohrn, national in bi-centennial as a way to develop national terim secretary; Alan Berkman, and the national meeting in discussions on an chauvinism loyalty to the state and capitalist organizational format with the Bay system as the ideological basis for further Laura Whitehorn, a North Vietnam Area-California-PFOC chapter's pro attacks on the working class, racism and im visitor, organizational secretaries; and posal, "Begin Building Communist Cadre perialist wars. And it will focus on the libera Elected as permanent delegates were Organization," having had particular im tion of Puerto Rico through a general attack Sylvia Baraldini, national treasurer. portance. This tedious 4-page document on U.S. colonialism. Miles Pustin, Vermont; Lance Pustin, which shows a strong "Mao-Thought" in Gerald Ford is supposed to be in Phila Philadelphia; Sylvia Baraldini and fluence states in part: delphia on that day in a demonstration of Shelly Miller, New York City; and Jona 200 years of class rule continuity. The 4th than Lerner and Susan Waysdorf, Bos We need to strategically root ourselves in will be the culmination of the rulers use of our class, learn from the people and organize the bi-centennial campaign to reestablish ton. The Chicago and San Francisco them to defeat imperialism and build social boiurgeois hegemony on the ideological PFOC groups had not selected perma ism. In order to do this in the best way we plane. • • • nent delegates. need communist cadre organization, • • • As with the other activities, the work for PFOC supporters are drawn from and Cadre organization with anti-imperialist July 4th * * * should be integrated into our hold membership in a wide variety of politics can consolidate and gather in or day to day organizing work as we • * • fight other Marxist-Leninist organizations. ganizers. • • • It will create a clear voice * • * the 20-0 anniversary of the emergence of These organizations include former in the country for our full politics: anti our national bourgeois as a ruling class. imperialism, anti-racism, anti-sexism, armed members of the Venceremos Brigade who struggle, revolution and socialism. * * • A The Prairie Fire Organizing Commit traveled to Cuba; and current activists revolutionary communist party is necessary tee's "Bicentennial Proposal," drawn up with the National LawYers Guild-NLG; to lead the class to victory. by the Philadelphia PFOC chapter, is a the North American Congress on Latin . In its attempt to become the new driv classic expression of the unreasoning America-NACLA-a research group ing fo1·ce of the Marxist-Leninist left in fanatical hatred of all things American which operates on behalf of the CUbans; 31l754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 Vietnam Veterans Against the War/ ministration to be working, however ineptly, this work would be in the private sector; the Winter Soldier Orga.nization-VVAW I toward high employment with m1nlmal In Federal Government would serve only as em flation. In its letter to Chairman Perkins, ployer of la.st resort. But productlvlty ls high WSO; the New York Women's Union; the Treasury has all but renounced that ob· er in any form of employment, whether pub the terrorist Black Liberation Army jective. lic or private, than it ls on welfare. BLA; the Youth International Party The Treasury charges that the Hawkins We have had enough of the kind of logic YIP; and the Union for Radical Political Reuss program "ignores entirely the prob which Treasury economics has produced. Economics. lem of inflation." This ts mistaken, as will be When Richard Nixon assumed office in 1969, The Prairie Fire Organizing Commit pointed out below. But more revealing ls the unemployment stood at 3.4 percent and in reasoning with which the Treasury attempts flation, on the consumers' index, at 4.2 per tee takes its name from a 1930 quotation to buttress its claim. Their attitude reminds cent. When Gerald Ford took over, unem of Mao Tse Tung, "A single spai·k can us of Samuel Insull, the utility monopolist, ployment had risen to 5.3 percent and infia start a prairie fire." who is remembered, among other things, for tion to 9.3 percent. After thirteen months of It is apparent that there are individu claiming that "the greatest aid in the ef the Ford remedies for the Nixon plague, un. als in our country endeavoring to strike ficiency of labor is a long line of men waiting employment, at 8.4 percent, ls in its post the sparks of violent revolution: It is our at the gate." war peak period, and inflation ls galloping The following two arguments a.re made: onward at about 14 percent. There ls no de· responsibility to douse the sparks before (1) " ••. the legislative guarantee of con fending such a record. The Ford-Nixon policy we become engulfed in their conflagra tinuous full employment would require 1n simply does not work. tion. economic terms that total demand would The Ford-Nixon policy does not work be never fall short of the full employment pro cause it ls based on a misunderstanding of ductive capacity of the economy. The absence inflation. The Administration appears to be over time of any such 'gap' would clearly be lieve that inflation stems from only two PERSONAL EXPLANATION inflationary." sources: excess demand for goods and labor, (2) '"The legislative prohibition against the or excess supply of money. In fact, the cur appearance of any excess supply in labor rent inflation stems from neither. markets would lead, ln practice, to an end There is no excess demand for anything HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER less acceleration of wage settlements • • ." significant in our economy today. With un OP COLORADO We offer the following response: employment at 8.4 percent, operating rates at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (a) It is clearly not the "legislative guar 66 percent, and even the famous "bottleneck antee" of full capacity demand or the "legis industries" operating at a mere 70 percent of Friday, October 3, 1915 lative prohibition" against excess labor sup potential, how could there be? Yet the Ad Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I was ply which ln the Treasury View would pro ministration appears to believe that even fur unable to be present for rollcall vote No. duce unacceptable inflation; rather, lt ts the ther depression of demand is required to existence of persistent full employment and bring inflation under control. Thls belief is 585 on October 3, 1975. Had I been pres of full employment levels of demand them apparently based upon a simplistic inter ent I would have voted "no" on rollcall selves that the Treasury thinks would have pretation of the so-called Phllllps Curve, No. 585. this effect. which suggests a general relationship between (b) The Treasury has therefore expressed high unemployment and low Inflation, and its opposition, and that of the Administra vice versa. The Phillips Curve is clearly in tion, not merely to the Hawkins-Reuss pro applicable to our current condition. posal per se, but to any policy or any pro Similarly, there is no excess supply of FORD ADMINISTRATION OPPOSES posal which would bring the nation to full money these days either. The rate of money FULL EMPLOYMENT BILL employment and to full employment levels growth over the past year has been under six of demand. percent, or hardly enough to· produce the (c) It ls thus the policy of the Adminis double digit inflation we have had. Interest HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS tration, as expressed 1n this letter, to tolerate rates, which reflect the tightness of money, any level of unemployment, however high are high and rising. As a result, much needed OF CALIFORNIA and for however long, that may be required investment ls choked off for lack of credit, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to bring Inflation within "acceptable" homebuilding industry ls on its knees, our bounds. When such policies fall and inflation Friday, October 3, 1915 great cities and states must pay usurious again rises, as lt inevitably will, it is the rates on their debt, and a.re increasingly fac Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, in re policy of the Administration to foster what ing the stark prospect of bankruptcy. Our sponse to letters from the Treasury De ever further increase in unemployment may inflation is obviously not a monetary one. partment and the Department of Labor be "necessary" to offset that trend. No other, The current inflation springs from other more rational approach to the inflation prob sources, and therefore requires other cures. opposing the enactment of H.R. 50, the lem, such as envlsaged in the Ha.wkins These cures, the Admlnlstration will be sur equal opportunity and full employment Reuss program, ls contemplated as an alter prised to learn, are compatible with an ex bill, Congressman HENRY s. REUSS and I, native to new heights of unemployment. In pansion of our economy toward full employ as the principal gponsors of that legis other words, further disaster is prescribed as ment. Indeed, they require such an expansion. lation called a press conference to answer cure for the existing one. First, the current inflation ls in part a the administration's strong opposition. (d) This policy directly contravenes the product of declining demand itself. When law of the land, as expressed tn the Em· demand falls otr, firms cut production; they The joint statement of Congressman ployment Act of 1946, which requires that all REUSS and myself and the two letters then may find that, in order to meet fixed efforts be directed to attaining "maximum costs such as debt service and payroll from follow: employment, production and purchasing a smaller volume of sales, they have to raise JOINT STATEMENT BY CONGRESSMEN AUGUS power." The Treasury position ignores "maxi prices. By restoring the level of demand, this TUS F. RA.WlONS AND HENRY s. REuss, mum employment," ignores "production" type of inflationary pressure would be elimi COSPONSORS OF THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY and ignores the fact that ••purchasing power" nated. AND FULL EMPLOYMENT ACT consists not only of stable prices. but also Second, the current inflation stems in part In separate letters to Chairman Carl Per of high real wages in the context of high em from the wage-price spiral. Increased prices kins of the House Committee on Education ployment. The Treasury policy is a hoax upon bring out demands for higher wages; higher and Labor, the Treasury and Labor Depart all Americans, who are being required to wage costs bring out higher prices, and so on. ments have declared themselves opposed to bear the burden of unemployment, recession This problem can be dealt with best by a so H.Jt. 50, the Equal Opportunity and Full Em and declining living standards in return for cial contract between government, business ployment Act, of which we are the principal an ineffectual pursuit of price stability and labor. Such a contract will have its only co-sponsors.1 The Act would guarantee a Job chance of success if employment, output and to every American able and willing to work, doomed to failure by its erroneous assump living standards are rising. and would commit the Administration to tions. Third, the current inflation st ems in part meet other pressing economic and social The Treasury has also charged that the from forces outside our immediate control: needs within the context of full employment. Hawkins-Reuss proposal would diminish pro worldwide food price rises and big oil rip-offs, ductivity by causing workers to shift from among other things. We can influence these I. THE TREASURY POSrrION private to low-productivity Government Jobs, The Treasury's reasons will surprise those events, however, by sensible investment in and thereby "inhibit the growth of long-run environmentally-sound energy sources, by Americans who have believed the Ford Ad- economic potential." This is absurd. The full-production agricultural programs, and Hawkins-Reuss bill would take workers off the like, as called for 1n section 3c of H.R. 50. 1 H.B. 50 has been introduced as s. 50 ln of unemploymen.t and welfare rolls-and not Our nation's economy can best sustain the the Senate by Senator Hubert H. Humphrey out of private employment-and provlde cost of such programs if it is expanding and and six other Senators. them with op~ortunities for work. Most of healthy. Octobei~ 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3:1755 II. THE LABOR DEPARTMENT POSITION (2) The creation of a Job Guarantee Office, Americans able and willing to work have the We will only briefly address the letter of a Standby Job Corps, and local reservoirs of right to equal opportunities for useful pa.id employment at fair rates of compensation, the Secretary of Labor Mr. John T. Dunlop, public and private employment projects, in opposing H.R. 50, since most of it consists of which the Federal Government would become and would establish the Federal Government the employer of last resort. The full em as employer of last resort through creation technical objections to administrative struc of Federal Job Guarantee Offices and a tures and procedures. ployment program thus provides for regu lating the overall level of demand for labor, Standby Job Corps. Like the Treasury letter, the Labor Depart This legislation ignores entirely the prob ment communication is directed to the origi and for targetting that demand where it is most needed. lem of inflation which has dominated much nal version of H.R. 50 and not to the updated of U.S. economic experience over the past and revised subcommittee print of March 20, (3) It is envisaged that the Job Guarantee Office would strike productivity and anti decade. Failure to bring inflation under con 1975, that is in '\Vide use at present and upon trol led directly to the current recession and which extensive public hearings have already inflation bargains with private employers, providing them with temporary wage sub high levels of unemployment. Section 2(f) been held. of the legislation states explicitly that the The key objection to the legislation on sidies for new workers against an undertaking not to raise prices. This would have the fur pursuit of other economic goals-such as economic grounds seems to be that it " ... price stability-shall not be allowed to limit involve (s) uncertain and excessive costs ther effects of encouraging the full utilization of labor and even the substitution of labor or quality the right and guarantee of full which are unwise." A recent Library of Con for capital, which in our capital-short econ employment. If such a policy were to be im gress study (May 29, 1975) of H.R. 50 con plemented, extremely high rates of inflation cluded that, even assuming total federal omy is just what we need. (4) The social contract for wages. We would inevitably develop. This, in turn, would payment of all wages required to reduce recognize that in a fully employed labor lead directly to serious economic con unemployment to less than 3 percent in 20 market, in spite of the labor-demand man sequences. months, the net cost would be approximately agement proposed above, some inflationary Inflationary effects would be felt through $11 billion over the period, taking into ac pressures might appear. We would deal with two main channels. First, from the side of count such off-setting savings as unemploy these through a social contract, in which demand, the legislative guarantee of con ment compensation costs and increased taxes labor, government and business would sit tinuous full employment would require in generated from the increased employment. down together and agree at the beginning economic terms that total demand never fall Compared to this Administration's current of each year on an appropriate rate of wage short of the full e~ployment productive annual budget deficit of nearly $60 billion, increases for that year. Such wage increases capacity of the economy. The absence over this is not an excessive cost to retui·n the would in general be in line with productivity time of any such "gap" would clearly be in nation to full employment and production. gains, taking into account the need for flationary. Second, there would also be a A subsidiary objection of the structural capital investment . The Government's role strong inflationary impact from the cost side. variety is that "H.R. 50 would place the in this contract is outlined in section 3(e) The legislative prohibition against the ap (planning) council in a superior policy-set of H.R. 50. pearance of any excess supply in labor mar ting role over the chief elected official who (5) The management of prices. We also kets would lead, in practice, to an endless is responsible to the Secretary of Labor for recognize that at full-employment levels of acceleration of wage settlements and a cor the conduct of CETA efforts." But the CETA demand, no matter how well wage-rates were responding acceleration of labor costs per legislation specifically provides in section regulated by the social contract, some ·infla unit. of output. 104 that "The prime sponsor (the chief tionary pressures in t he goods markets might In addition to a serious destablizing in elected official) shall appoint the members of appear. These could appear either in indus fiation.ary impact on the economy, there the (planning) council, designate the chair tries affected by "bottlenecks," or in con would be a st rong tendency toward employ man and provide the professional. technical sumer goods industries affected by shifting ment of an ever-increasing percentage of the and clerical staff to serve the council." So consumer preferences as between some goods labor force within Government. This would such for the charge that H.R. 50 usurps con and others. The Job Gua.rantee Office, through transfer labor to low-productivity uses and trol from the established local government its system of wage subsidies and price bar inhibit t he growth of long-run economic as provided for by the CETA Act. gains, could alleviate this inflationary pres potential. Another subsidiary objection of the De sure. In extreme cases, the solution is the In view of the foregoing, the Department partment of Labor is that " ... the appproach application of specific price controls, coupled is st rongly opposed to the bill. set forth in section 6 involving a Standby with direct investment grants to widen the The Department has been advised by the Job Corps would cause severe dislocations in bottleneck or increase the supply of the Office of Management and Budget that there our economy by creating an employment consumer good which is in excess demand. is no objection to the submission of this re atmosphere in which a large number of Such a policy, imaginatively and selectively port to your Committee and that enactment workers would tend to gravitate to Govern applied, could eliminate price inflation and of H.R. 50 would not be in accord with the ment jobs that they might never wish to make full employment compatible with program of the President. leave." But the legislation clearly requires stable prices. Sincerely yours, in the same section 6 that the Standby Jobs This is our program. We believe that it RICHARD R. ALBRECHT, Corps compensation be "such that wlll effec makes far more sense, in human and in General Counsel. tively encourage them to advance from the economic terms, than a continuation of the Corps to other employment." Moreover, any present madness. We call on President Ford one even remotely familiar with the hearings to repudiate the position of his Treasury U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, on the legislation would be aware that the Department on H.R. 50, the Equal Opportu W ash i ngton, D.O., September 8, 1975. entire concept of the Standby Jobs Corps is nity and Full Employment Act, and to re Hon. CARL D. PERKINS, of a strictly temporary entity to provide assert his commitment, dictated by the Em Chairman, Committee on Education and jobs of no greater than 2 or 3 months dura ployment Act of 1946, to attaining high levels Labor, House of Representatives, Wash tion. of employment with low rates of inflation. ington, D.O. Other similar subsidiary objections of the In his own words, "I know of no acceptable DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in response to Labor Department to the proposed legisla rate of unemployment, as long as there is your request for our views on H.R. 50 cited tion are generally addressed to parts of the any American who wants a job and cannot as the "Equal Opportunity and Full Em original bill which have been improved in find one." If the President declines to act ployment Act." the present subcommittee version. on this conviction, he may well be unem H.R. 50 would provide a broad range of THE HAWKINS-REUSS PROGRAM ployed himself fifteen months from now. mechanisms and services directed to the achievement and maintenance of full The Hawkins-Reuss proposal does not ig employment. nore the problem of inflation. It merely sug THE GENERAL COUNSEL The bill declares t hat all adult Americans gests that our priorities should be placed in OF THE TREASURY, able and willing to work have the right to perspective, so that as we move to full em Washington, D.O., August 28, 1975. equal opportunities for useful paid employ ployment, we take whatever steps are neces Hon. CARL D. PERKINS, ment at fair rates of compensation. sary to curtail any remaining inflation. The Committee on Education and Labor, We agree with the goal of providing ade proposal thus consists of five parts, three of House of Representatives, quate work opportunities for all who are will which comprise the full employment program of H.R. 50. Washington, D.O. ing and able to work. The bill would, how (1) A "Full Employment and National DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Department ever, establish massive new programs and Purposes Budget,'' which would specify the would like to express its views on H.R. 50, new mechanisms for Federal control which great national priorities and the resources 'To establish a national policy and nation we believe involve uncertain and excessive available for them in each successive year. wide machinery for guaranteeing to all adult costs which are unwise. We oppose H.R. 50. '!'he Budget would provide guidance on meet Americans able and willing to work the The bill would substantially modify some ing our great national economic and social availability of equal opportunities for useful of the provisions and the basic philosophy or needs, including those for housing, trans and rewarding employment." the Comprehensive Employment and Train portation, health and education. The bill would declare that all adult ing Act (CETA). CXXI--2000-Part 24 31756 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 Section 4 of the bm would increase the partment 1s placing great emphasis on re functions and responstbWty of the local of a deep and continuing petroleum shortage search in thJa area. Accordingly, we belleve stands 1n the way of that la.tter projection, manpower plann.1Dg councils under CBTA. that this proposed authority would unneces but the guess here is that that problem wlll authorizing them •-Identify local needa to sarlly dupllcate already ex1st1ng authority. be solved not by fewer cars but, more ln for additional employment opportunities Flnally, the blll includes a variety of tech telllgently, by smaller more economical cars. and under guld.ellnes establlshed. by the Sec nical difficulties, Including a lack of clarity In all, there were 61 mlll1on cars in use in retary of Labor-select and. plan projects." with respect to minimum wage and work America in 1960. By 1970, the total had 1s CETA provides that the local councll ad ers' compensation protections afforded. climbed to 96 milllon. Today it is over 100 visory 1n nature. Any final decisions with In conclusion, for the foregoing reasons. million. Moreover, as we face now a great respect to the recommendations of the coun we oppose enactment of H.B. 60. boom in new family formations-as the Baby cil a.re made by the prime sponsor, that Is. The omce of Management and Budget ad Boom babies reach age 16, age 18, age 21, get the chief elected official of the area. vises that there ts no objection to the presen married, get a house etc.-there will be a con H.B. 50 would place the council in a su tation of this report and that enactment tinuing boom in car sales 1n the years to perior pollcy setting role over the chief of RR. 60 would not be in accord with the come, despite the energy crisis. elected omclal who 1a responstble to the Sec program of the President. The anti-car position has been well-pub retary ot Labor for the conduct of CETA ef Sincerely, licized in recent years. Pollution, highways forts. Thia would fragmentlze authority and. JOHN T. DtJ'NLoP, tea.ring up city neighborhoods, mothers who responslbWties under CBTA and. would run Secret4171 Of Labor. are really chauffeurs and accident rates have counter to the sound concept underlying been cited to demonstrate the inherent social CETA that basic responsib111ty for manpower malevolence of the automobile. Yet, ob programs should be placed 1n the hands of viously, people continue to buy them, spend local governments who are directly responst ing massive blllions of dollars, and we can ble to the people. FUTURE TRANSPORTATION NEEDS assume that the purchasers feel they get Sectlon 6 of the bill would est-a.bllsh tn. IN AMERICA something for their money. It is appropriate each local employment omce a •Job Guar then-along the llnes of our analysis by func antee omce ... Its purpose would be to pro tion-to ask: what? What does the auto vide Americans wllllng and able to work HON .. BUD SHUSTER mobile d.o for Americans? And does what it but not yet working, with an oportunlty to d.oee a.' PENNSYLVAND. outweigh the problems that ca.rs pro be employed at a suitable and comparable duce? Are a lot of cars better than a few cars? job. The role of the new ••Job Guarantee Of• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Are the 1972 data better than what they fice" as contrasted with that of the present Frlda11, October 3, 1975 replace, the 1960 data or the 1950 data? Employment Bervlcee ta unclear. Moreover. Because the greatest part of the increase the relationship between the omce, the ex Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, Ben 1n cars occurred due to persons buying sec panded planning counclls, and the Governor Wattenberg fn hls book. -rile Real ond cars, 1f we are to assess whether the in of the State Is ambiguous and 1s likely to America~,_ has focused on America's creased number of cars is beneficial, we are present serious d.1ftlcult1es. future transportation needs 1n a ~t really asking 1f the advent of the second car Perhaps the most signlftcant aspect of the anaJytlcal and careful way. He dJspells ls salutary. bill 1s that it would make the Government Our judgment-perhaps not unsurprising the "employer of last resort.,. Under sec several myths which stem from the ly-is yes, energy crisis notwithstanding. For tion 6, there. would. be established a Stand.by wishful thinking of a few and faces the the second car makes suburbia work. Job Corps to be compoaed of appllca.nta reality of people's preferences fn a free First some facts: Most American men without regard to age who cannot be placed society. drive to work. In 1960, the percentage of in a job 1.mmedlately. The Corps would be I com.mend the following excerpt to those using a private car to get to work was available for publlc service work upon my colleagues: 64 percent. By 1970, the percentage had projects and. actlvltles approved as part of Focus ON THE Ft7TuaE OJ' MOTOR VEHICLE USll climbed to 78 percent. At the same time, community publlc service work reservolrs JN .AMERICAN LIFE the numbers of Americans llvlng in suburbia established by community boards under the had cllmbed from 60 million to 76 mllllon. authority of plann.1Dg counclla. (By Ben J. Wattenberg) And the percentage of two-car families In Although we strongly support continuing Like washers, dryers, freezers and air con suburbia went from 28 percent to 45 per to pursue economic policies that restore the dltlontng the presence of automobUea tn cent. As of 1970, of all the two-car famtlles basic health of the economy and therebJ' cre America has accelerated in the last decade. 46 percent are owned by suburban families. ate unemployment, we disagree with thJa Unllke these other items, and somewhat Uke What. then, does the second car do for proposal. televlslon, automotive data suggest that car suburbia? The cost lmpllcations of this proposal are ownership 1s tn the process of lapping itself, At least three things. It ls one of several massive. Moreover, we feel that the approach to keep the image automoblllsh. developments that make tt more feasible for set forth 1n section 6 involving a Standby There seems to be a good chance that by a woman to take a Job.Uthe husband d.rlves Job Corps would cause severe dislocations the time the 1980 or 1990 Census ls taken. oir to the omce or plant in the morning and in our economy by creating an employment more than half of the car-owning house the subQ.rban wife wants to work, she often atmosphere in which a large number of work holds wlll own two cars, not one. This ls so wlll need a car to get to her Job. Publlc ers would tend to gravttate to Government despite the energy cr1s1s. transportation Within suburban areas Is usu jobs that they might never wish to leave. Here are the data, guaranteed to generate ally just plain bad.. Th1a 1s in part because To lllustra.te the point. although It 1s the noise pollution from ecologists: By 1960, cars America ls generally a prlmltive country in stated goal to encourage workers in the were obviously already a substantial major terms of such transportation, caused in part Standby Job Corps to ..advance from the ity way of llfe in America: '19 percent of by the superabundance of cars but more Corps to other employment," the provlslons the households in America owned at least decisively because of the geography of sub of section 6 would be a countertncentlve to one. By 1970, the percentage of owners had urbia. So much of the suburban lure 1s due return to private employment. That section climbed modestly, to 83 percent. Indeed, to low density living; private homes each on would require that Standby Job Corps mem there doesn't seem to be much more room a quarter acre lot lead to relatively few people bers receive compensation that bears a posi for an increase in that rate; some people living per square mile, at least by city stand tive relationship to their quallflcattona and (say, a retired elderly woman living in a ards. This leads to major difficulties in estab training, based upon employment at a suit Mia.ml Beach apartment, or a young sec lishing bus lines that can be profitable. Dis able and comparable job, which would not retary llving in a downtown high rise 1n tances are great, potential numbers of adversely affect the prevailing wage. The New York City) have no need or desire for a passengers are small, scheduling must be thrust of these various provisions ls, at the car, regardless of cost. But while the rate thin, which reduces the utility of bus service very least, inconsistent, and lmplementa. of households with at least one car remained and further shrinks the number of passen tion of this program could have a major dls roughly the same, the rate of households gers. In short, in many instances, if a wife ruptive effect on the operations of our free with two or more oars soared-from 22 per in suburbia wants to work, particularly if labor market economy. cent to 35 percent of all households. her schedule calls for part-time work requir Section 9 of the bill would establish a Projecting that rate not too far in the ing non-rush-hour travel when schedules are National Institute for Full Employment future yields the estimate that half of the even thinner and buses may run only every within the Department of Labor which would car-owning familles in America will be two hour or so, she needs wheels, and they usu have the responsib111ty to provide for re ca.r-own1ng famllies. Depending on how you ally will be the second set in the household. search in the area of manpower pollcy. We might want to project the numbers, it Is, Much the same sort of problems holds true agree that research 1s necessary to assist in fact plausible to assume that soon more for a nonworking woman who wants to make long range planning fn this area. However, than half of all households will have two the suburban scene a more fuUllllng one. under extsting authority, which Includes the cars, and considering that the number of Without wheels, she ls often pinned down National Commission for Manpow&r PollCJ' one-person households 1s soaring these days. to the house, either all alone during school established under Title V of CETA, this De- that's quite a trick Indeed. Only the specter hours or with waillng babies and toddlers. October 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31157 Shopping becomes a major production, a not in a dormitory on campus. He ha.s a profitable farms have more than made up luncheon meeting of a civic organization can pa.rt-time job four miles in the other direc the difference. become a logistical nightmare, participation tion. To do this he needs a car. He gets one, We will repeat the obvious one more time: in a midmorning bowling league may prove and the statistics dealing with three-car People are not damn fools. They wouldn't to be an impossibility. Second cars, then, families grow by one. spend money-lots of money-on cars if they provide added options. So much for a family-oriented view of did not receive value in return. At least as Finally, in this examination of what a cars-they are becoming as common as chil much a,s the clothes dryer, at least as much second set of wheels does for suburban life, dren in the American household-almost two as the dishwasher or the washing machine, we must consider the well-publicized plight of each per family. the automobile in America is primarily an of "the chauffeur syndrome." Suburban But before leaving the automotive world agent of personal llbera.tion, not of national wives--wives with access to automobiles- generally we must consider, if briefly, some pollution and visual destruction. This is well complain bitterly about how they are reduced of the more general criticisms directed at understood in other nations not wealthy to nonliverled drivers, tooling about not in our automotive age. enough to feel incessantly guilty. There is a Cadillac but in a station wagon, devoting Four sorts of criticisms come to mind: the not a democratic government in the world an incredible number of hours taking Ruth pollution case, the concrete America case, that could stand for a week with a. con to the dentist, Danny to his drum lesson, the automobile safety case, the energy-crisis scious and public policy to make it more dif Sarah to gymnastics, Ann to a dance that case. ficult for its citizens to obtain automobiles. night, Ruth to sleep over at a friend's house, The pollution argument can probably be Instead, all over the world, including the Dan to a birthday party, Sarah's friend back discussed most quickly: Federal laws en far side of the Iron Curtain, the symbol of to her parents' house, Ann back from the acted in the last half decade can reduce success and of personal liberation is car own dance--ugh! automobile pollution to acceptable levels ership. No question about it, the chauffeur-mother within a matter of a very few years. Some The real question, then, is this: Does this has a major and legitimate gripe. It's a mad argue, in fact, that there has been overlegis machine of private liberation destroy the dening and tiring procedure. And, as the lation and that the emission standards called public surroundings to a point that it out second-car phenomenon increases, we can for in the new laws a.re so severe-and with weighs the private gain? Our answer is no. assume that the number of chauffeur-moth so little benefit at the upper ranges-that The public costs can be legislatively con ers will be increasing proportionately. But, the cost of ca.rs will rise to a. point where trolled (air pollution) or are in fact a long once again, we must ask the question: What some low-income Americans who can now way from fatal and usually reversible (visual does it replace? afford cars will not be able to in the future.1 pollution, destruction of open land). The It replaces, oftentimes, Danny not being The ribbon-of-concrete argument is not private gains, with one jarring exception, able to go to drum lessons, Ruth not able to quite as simple. New highways do cut are immense. sleep over at a friend's house, Sarah not able through cities and sometimes destroy decent The exception, of course, is the astonish to go to gymnastics classes, Ann stuck at neighborhoods. Bulldozers do rip through ing and inexcusable number of people killed home not able to go to the dance. A second virgin countryside in the course of building in automobile accidents. During the five years car, then-for all its problems-provides a new interstate highways. Masses of bill from 1967 to 1971, about 55,000 Americans fuller, richer life for suburban kids, albeit boards and rows of gas stations apparently were killed each year-a total of 277,000 peo a busier and probably more harrassed life without end ca.use what purists like to call ple! Accidents are the third most common for their mothers. On balance--for those "visual pollution." cause of death in the United States (after who opt for suburban life-a better subur But a central point is often forgotten in cardiovascular diseases and malignancies) , ban life. the argument. At root, cars and highways are and about half the fatal accidents a.re auto There are, of course, some ways around not the cause of crowded cities, torn-up accidents. More Americans were killed in one the lack of a second car in suburbia. The countryside and the visual hurly-burly of the year of car crashes than were killed in com husband can, and often does, go to work via roadside. They are, rather, one of the reme bat in all the years of the Vietnam war, al public transportation when it is available dies. A city family without an automobile is most as many were killed in the last five or by carpool when it is not. But the public pretty well condemned to have its vistas lim years as were killed in combat in the fiye transportation route may convert a drive to ited by the cityscape. It's true that 40 years years of World War II! work of twenty minutes to an hour's worth ago-before massive suburbanization-"the In a-0.dition, it is estimated that for every of travel-or a two-hour commute round trip. country" was geographically closer to the death by vehicle there are four permanently Carpooling can be tyrannical: George has to central city resident than it is today, but crippling injuries. leave at 5 p.m., but Howard has a last-minute even if closer, it was harder to reach unless In large part, this incredible vehicular rush job on his desk and would like to work that family owned an automobile, and most carnage is due to proportionately more cars til 5:15, Sam really would have liked to cut didn't. Today, when almost all American being driven more miles than ever before. out at 4, take a nap, and do some work at families own cars, access to "the country" is While traffic death rates per 100,000 persons home in the evening. Impossible with a car far easier. The trip to the beach, to a favor in the population are at or near all-time pool. ite picnic resort, to a summer cabin,2 to a highs, the rates per number of active ve In short, an obvious statement: Two cars forest to hunt deer, to a national park or to hicles and per number of miles driven are are more convenient than one. a trout stream may be just an hour or two down somewhat in the last decade and par And what of the chauffeur-mothers who away for a family with a car. ticularly in the last two or three years. complain about their role? They a.re com Moreover, the statement that cars and But that the movement toward automo plaining from a position of amuence and their highways are eating up the scenic and bile and highway safety should have re strength. It is a price paid for what subur rural America. files in the face of fa.ct: There mained on a political back burner for so bia offers: that nice old feeling of a man's is more "forest land not grazed today-more long is at least scandalous, if not murder home-is-his-castle, complete with a moat by far-than there were 20 yea.rs ago. In 1940, ous. While the auto industry said for years l or a hedge) and a forest preserve (or a just 11 percent of American land feel into that "safety doesn't sell" (tut, tut) and backyard). That feeling is difficult-not im that category most indicative of scenic "people won't buy tanks," while civil libera possible, but more difficult-to develop in an beauty. By 1969, that percentage had risen tarians wondered whether enforced usage apartment. Such an option-an apartment to 21 percent a total of 476 million acres of seat belts was constitutional, while the in a city where public transportation is easily compared to 203 million acres three decades federal government passed strict laws about available, where shops and schools are often ago. Highways do eat up virgin land, but air pollution coming from cars (which has within walking distance-exists in many increasing federal dominion over open spaces not demonstrably killed anyone) and did cities in America. There are problems with and the abandonment of many small and un- next to nothing about stopping the killing that alternative in many neighborhoods of on the highways (a crime of the streets many cities. In the meanwhile, the two-car that destroys life every hour), 55,000 Ameri family makes suburbia more livable than it 1 On the other hand, ecologists and en cans were dying each year, and death by car was. It is a better, more convenient place vironmentalists will continue to be able to accident was the number-one killer of young than it was. afford cars. The author is against that sys people in America! Without attempting to pursue it terribly tem of ecologically regressive taxation. If The fact is that both government and in far, there is another point to be made about some of the emission control machinery is dustry were derelict for an unconscionable multicar families. There has been a rise in prohibitively expensive and if some group number of years in allowing the carnage to three-car families-from 650,000 in 1960 to is to be priced out of the automobile market continue. Both government and industry 3 million in 1971. The three-car family may because of expensive and unneeded pollution have offered excuses. But apologies are more sound to sonie like either unmitigated amu devices, the recommendation here would be ence or ecological obscenity. In many cases to begin with the membership list of the in order. People died who needn't have. from home. To save money, he lives at home, Sierra. Club. Finally, consider the ca,c;e of the car versus it is neither. Take, for example, the suburban 2 Second homes are becoming ever more the energy crisis. We are very rapidly leaving family with the "normal" need for two cars, common. In 1967, there were 1.6 million such the Age of Cheap Fuel. Accordingly, the as previously o~tlined, but with one differ second dwellings. By 1970, there were 2.9 nation is turning its thoughts, appropriately, ence. They have a 19-yea.r-old son who is million, an astonishing jump in only three toward ma,ss transit sytems. But mass transit attending junior college seven miles away years. is not by any means a whole substitute for EXTEl SIO S OF REMARKS Octobe1· v, 19 i 5 the .automobile. Europeans have fine mass the world. For this reason, 1t is important nuclear war, could easily exhaust the entire transit systems, they live in cities not to review medical preparedness in the United inventory Wit hin a period of a few hours.4 As suburbs, and they have been buying cars States for its civllian population. Simply for the wholesale American drug companie to beat the band. And so too will it be in stated, medical preparedness for the US civil who process crude opium !or medicinal use, America.. We'll build mass transit. We'll use ian population is presently in a precarious their representatives say that they wlll be it when convenient. And we'll buy cars too, position. In fact, any further reduction o! able to meet only about 80% of the country's tens and hundreds of millions of safe, eco our emergency medical stockpile would make 1975 demand for these drugs. They further logical and economical vehicles, just like "preparedness" an empty word.1 In reality," say that rationing of medicinal opiate drugs European-style cars. Given a choice between says a research report published by our De is inevitable for the year 1975 (American the status and comfort conferred by a De fense Department, "it appears that today's Medical New:J, Dec. 23, 1974, p. 1). troit behemoth, and the function bestowed civil defense could only meet the full test of As the matter stands today, the specter by a small car in an energy-short era, Amer adequacy under one contingency, the con of no opium for pain in the United States is icans will choose little vehicles and drive to tingency that nuclear war does not occur." 2 well founded. In the event of a grave na work, and to the supermarket, and to clari For unclear reasons, the American public tional emergency, this critical shortage of net lessons, and to the dance and to Sarah's has been spared knowledge of the present pain-killing opiate drugs could easily cause friend's house. Suburbia w111 live! plight of medical preparedness for its civil a medical catastrophe. Under these circum ian population. It may well be that most stances, doctors and nurses in hospitals are people, and this includes those in the gov about as useful a.s a fleet or new ambulances ernment, instinctively refuse to think of with little or no gasoline in their tanks. war. Some even believe that considering the MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS-A MUST protection of the civilians in the event of PREVENTIVE MEASUXES AND PREPAREDNESS hostilities amounts to an .acceptance of the The words of the late Albert Einstein are idea of war. Both are wrong. The danger of both prophetic and frightening. This world war exists, unfortunately, and we do not renowned scientist, who had been described HON. LESTER L. WOLFF cause this danger to disappear simply by re as being the father of the nulcear age, pre OF l:-c-:EW YORK fusing to contemplate it. dicted shortly after the nuclear explosion IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SHORTAGE OF PAIN-KILLERS over Hiroshima., "As long as there are sov ereign nations possessing great power, war is Friday, October 3, 1975 The bare fact is that in the event of a grave national emergency, there is no real inevitable that fact was true before the Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, the painkill stockpile of potent pain-kllling drugs in the atomic bomb was made. What has changed ing properties of the derivatives of the United States to care for the expected mil has been the destrnctiveness. . . . Perhaps lions of civilian casualties. It follows that two thirds of the people of the earth might opium poppy are well known to all of be killed, but enough men of thinking, and the Members of this body. In one form, most of the fatally injured wlll never receive even simple administration of pain-reliev enough books would be left to start again, heroin, the drug can be addicting and ing drugs before dying. At present, with the and civilization could be restored" (Atlantic wreak havoc with an individual's ability establishment of distant avenues of supply, Monthly, November 1945, p. 43). to perform any constructive pursuit. despite many years of planning and the It must be emphasized that no defense However, as codeine and other medicinal spending of hundreds of millions of dollars, against weapons ls perfect, and civil de products, opium is unmatched in its the pharmacies and the wholesale drug fense-protection of civiUans against the ability to provide relief from sickness and stores have only enough drugs to meet the dangers of war and particularly against the pain. I have entered many statements normal medical demands of a peacetime pop effects of nuclear weapons-is no exception into the record concerning the need to ulation. In the event of a nuclear explosion to the rule. On the other hand, the harm that or an attack by chemical or biological weap any soph1&tica.ted weapon can cause, whether control th~ international traffic in nar ons, whatever medicines left must, of neces nuclear, chemical, or biological, can be dim cotics. sity, be reserved for those who have a reason inished by suitable preventive measm-es. However, today I feel compelled to dis able chance for survival-there wlll be no Polltically, the failure of medical prepared cuss the other side of the issue. The medicines for the millions of seriously in ness in the United States for its civilian pop United States some people say is threat jured who may linger on for weeks before ulation increases the potential for "atomic ened by the possibility that we will have dying. The majority of these injuries are like blackmail." We know that the Soviet Union a. medicinal shortage of opiates for licit ly to be mechanical wounds, such as broken is far ahead in civil defense. We know that bones occasioned by collapsing buildings and the Red Chinese leadership has made cruel purposes. Representatives of one of the :flying debris, and burns, caused by the hea.'t statements about the millions of Chinese three pharmaceutical companies which and light liberated at the time of detona civilians it is prepared to lose in war. Nei a.re licensed to import opium into the tion. Radiation sickness, with its nausea, ther, thus, seem to be susceptible to the United States have informed me that vomiting, and intractable diarrhea, can be threat o! nuclear exploslon as m·e we who they will only be able to meet 80 percent lethal within one to two weeks, other hem have no effective medical preparedness pro of this year's demand for oPium products orrhages and infections being later compli gram for our civilian population and no cal with imports and thus we will have to ca.tlons. lous disregard for our lives. Such openness to once again draw down on our stocks in It 2s important to point out that there is "atomic blackmail" can make a mockery o! the strategic opium stockpile which are no medicine that combines the pain-reliev our mllitary's multibllllon-dollar antimissile ing a.nd tranquilizing etfect of the medicinal defense program. already at a dangerously low level. drugs extracted from the pod of the opium A most significant fact cannot be ignored Rather than belabor the point, I would poppy flower. Industry and acedemic sources All medicinal opiate drugs are addictive, like to enter into the RECORD at this point are not optlmlstic about their ab111ty to re some less so than heroin, but but still ad~ an article by Dr. Greentree which ap place these important medicinal opiate drugs dictive. It ls a sad reality that stockpiles ot peared 1n the Journal of the American within the foreseeable future. Mepertdlne the magnitude envisioned to be necessary for Medical Association which discusses the (Demerol) hydrochloride, for example, which national health security would become im current status of our opium situation. Dr. ls possibly the most widely used synthetic mediate targets for misappropriation by the Greentree asserts that if we ai·e "lucky" drug 1n the United States for the relief of drug pusher on the one hand, and by those severe pain, falls short in that it does not who are exploited on the other. A little we will be able to get by this year, how relieve the anxieties present with pain.a ever, if there is a medical epidemic or It is true that our government has a known Defense Department laboratory re some sort of military event which calls strategic emergency stockpile of potent pain port may well prove to have the answer to for the use of opiates for the treatment of killing opiate drugs for use by the general this complex problem. The report is a memo wounded and sick, the United States will public in the event of a major national em randum dated Jan. 8, 1972, from the Office not have the stockpile to respond to the ergency. Unfortunately, the present inven of the Surgeon General to the Director of call. tory of these essential drugs 2s calculated to Civil Defense. It shows that morphine, the I urge all of my colleagues to read the be only about 34 metric tons (76,000 lb). most important of the opiate drugs used to attached article and join with me in This barely meets the normal yearly medical relieve severe pain, does not deteriorate or taking steps to com.bat the possibility demands of our civlllan population in a lose potency over a period of 30 years when that we will have a licit shortage of peacetime, nonepidemlc environment. A formulated and concentrated into tiny hypo horrendous 43 metric tons (95,000 lb) is the dermic tablet.s and kept in sealed bottles. opium-based drugs: Hence, in this form, huge quantities o! these MEDICAL PREPABEDN.ESS-A MUST estimated civilian need for the year 1974. Any grave national emergency, such as a drUgs could be st.ored for many years with (By Leonard B. Greentree, M.D.) out loss of potency and easlly safeguarded Once again, rumors of impending nuclear in the theftproof vaults such as those in war are being circulated tn the ca.pttals of Footnotes at end of article. Fort Knox. Only a direct order from the Pres- Octobei~ 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31759 ident, given standby authority from Con with Hon. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. and ments are possible in this area if proper gress, could authorize the opening of these Hon. LARRY WINN, JR., the National analysis of climate factors and applica vaults in the event of a major national Climate Program Act of 1975. tion of statistical methods of prediction emergency. In recent years our awareness of are carried out. This would be particular Keeping in mind, too, the government ly helpful in understanding climate's im problem of cost priorities, with many needs climate fluctuations around the globe demanding a share of the national income, has intensified. The fluctuations, whether pact on food production, availability of the cost of stockpiling sufficient pain-killer long term or short term, affect the pro water resources and energy consumption. opiate drugs for use in a major national duction and distribution of food, the con Third. To develop computer simula emergency would be, amazingly enough, less sumption of energy and the availability tion and prediction of climate. The sim than that of a single bomber that recently ulation and forecasting of climatic vari flew in Vietnam. According to the Dec. 18, of water. ations by computer solution of the gov 1973, Congressional Record (Hll607) , the Today's technological advances, par erning laws of physics offer the only ap government has now been. offered the oppor ticularly in satellite monitoring and com proach that lends itself to answering the tunity both to blunt the heroin epidemic and puter sciences, coupled with a significant full range of climate related questions to to replenish the medicinal opiate needs of knowledge of atmospheric behavior and the United States. Representative Lester L. which the government must ultimately Wolff, Chairman of the House Special Sub the availability of scientific talent, offer respond. A long term commitment is nec committee on International Narcotics Con hope for dramatic gains in understanding essary to: trol, reports that the rebels in the Shan climate, predicting its behavior and its Apply existing mathematical models states of Burma have offered to sell the impact on man. With increased effort this of experimental monthly forecasts; United States 364 metric tons (400 tons) of base of knowledge and these tools of Develop a combination of oceanic/ crude opium for only $12 million. science can be addressed to achieving atmospheric models; Approximately 45 metric tons (100,000 lb) Determine the limits of climatic pre of potent pain-killing morphine can be ex these gains as quickly as possible. tracted from such a quantity of crude opium, During the past year and a half a diction, and an amount greater than that presently in our number of reports and studies have been Simulate man's effect on climate and national emergency stockpile. It is equally determine the possible consequences. important to note that the highly addictive issued on this matter, including: The Fourth. To develop a global monitor drug heroin ls also derived from the opium National Academy of Sciences' "Under ing system for climate. NOAA. working poppy, the flower thalfi produces the crude standing Climate Change-A Program with NASA and other Federal -agencies, opium. The Shan rebels in Burma are im for Action;" the National Academy of has developed an extensive worldwide portant traffickers in lllicit heroin. They will Sciences' Ocean Science Committee re monitoring- system for many environ sell to the highest bidder-that is their busi ness. Whatever the price, the price is right. port, "The Role of the Oceans in Pre mental conditions. However, this system Since modern methods of warfare could dicting Climate," and the Joint Organiz will require substantial bolstering to injure or kill more civilian and military per ing Committee, World Meteorological monitor the global climate. The present sonnel in less than one week thna in all wars Organization/International Council on system provides a sound base-supported throughout history, a reallstic program of Scientific Unions report, "The Physical by the Federal Government by about medical preparedness that includes adequate $10.6 million in fiscal year 1975-on which supplies of potent pain-killer opiate drugs Basis of Climate and Climate Modeling." Benefiting from these and numerous to build U.S. participation in the inter is obviously a must. No one can deny that national climate monitoring efforts from such a program can comfort and relieve the other studies, reports, and documents, which the United States and many other suffering, and save lives. It may even increase the Subcommittee on Climate Change of the chance for national survival. For these nations will b~nefit. Specifically this will reasons, our federal government must over the Environmental Resources Committee include: come its cumbersome nilitural tendency to of the Domestic Council complete a re International ocean monitoring; debate and delay. It must act promptly port, "A United States Climate Pro An Earth-orbiting satellite program the n.a.tion.a.l emergency may be now! gram," December 1974, making specific for climate-beyond the work of NASA; Concern over medical preparedness may be recommendations to develop a long-term A global pollutant monitoring program too laite when a world crisis threatens to for climate-for example, the effects of boil over. climate program on a global scale. These Nuclear war must not be allowed to hap recommendations were never acted upon C02, particulate matter, :florocarbons pen. May there never be a "medical Pearl by the administration. and oxides of nitrogen on climate; and \ Harbor." The goal of the climate program, as Accelerated development of the cli REFERENCES defined in the report is- mate-related environmental monitoring 1. Greentree LB: The medical realities of To help the nation respond more effective systems of the United Nations agencies. civil defense. N. Engl. J. Med. 284:1011-1013, ly to cu.mate-induced problems by e;nabling This bill authorizes $10 million for the 1971. transition period, $42 million for fiscal 2. Greene JC: The Case for Civil Defense its government to be aware of or anticipate climate fluctuations and their domestic and year 1977 and $56 million for fiscal year as Developed Through Systems Analysis, re 1978. search report 16. Oftlce of Civil Defense Re international impacts. (Page 6 of A United States Climate Program) The bill designates NOAA as the coor search Directorate, Department of the Army, dinating agency of the program with 1971. This goal can be met now with the other governmental agencies participat 3. Friend DG, McLemore GA: Some abuses National Climate Program Act of 1975. of drugs in therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 254: ing. 1223-1230, 1956. This bill has four main objectives: When we consider the fact that the 4. Greentree LB: No opium for pain-A First, To establish a climatic impact food and energy crises are sharply in threatening medical crisis. N. Engl. J. Med. warning system. The present National tensified throughout the world because 291:1411-1412, 1974. Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra of climate fluctuations and the fact that tion operation does not acquire, process, these same fluctuations seriously disrupt interpret or deliver timely climatic im land, water, and energy use patterns, it pact warnings to decisionmakers. The seems reasonable to establish a coordi THE NATIONAL CLIMATE PROGRAM know-how is present for early warning; nated program of climate monitoring and ACT OF 1975 the tools are not present. In order to ade analysis which offers hope of anticipating quately process the available data and the effects of climate fluctuations. We assess and analyze new data on a na have the knowledge to understand cli HON. PHILIP H. HAYES tional and international scale this bill mate better. This bill gives the right OF INDIANA proposes additional funding. people the right tools to use their knowl Second. To improve existing climate edge. Millions of people will be assisted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prediction. Valid forecasts of precipita by this program by helping them plan Friday, October 3, 1975 tion and temperature :fluctuations for their lives better. Perhaps future Mr. HAYES of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, more than a season ahead have not yet droughts, like the one in the African toda;y I am pleased to introduce, along been demonstrated. But some improve- Sahil, will be anticipated in order to 31760 EXTE SIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1975 prepare populations a:ff ected. Crops in adequately allocated based on knowl· Portant bill which will contribute great this country can be planted with a better edge of anticipated temperature varla· ly to our understanding of climate. I knowledge of climate variations in the tions in different parts of the country. encourage my colleagues to support the growing seasons. Energy can be more Mr. Chairman, I consider this an im- National Climate Program Act of 1975. I