Index

Abani, Chris, 300–301 anthologies, 276–95 “Aphasia,” 301 audiences for, 277 “Blue,” 301 of black British poets, 290 Dog Woman, 301 British Poetry Revival, 233–4 Hands Washing Water, 301 canon-building, 279–80 Kalakuta Republic, 300–301 of “Confessional” poets, 284–5 Masters of the Board, 300 of experimental poetry, 290–292 “Say Something About Child’s Play,” 301 of “Group” poets, 282 Siroco, 300 groups, 277–8 “Walcott,” 301 introductory essays in, 292 Abrams, M.H., 150 mainstream poetry, 283–90, 294–5 Achebe, Chinua, 2, 299 of “Martian” poets, 287 Adcock, Fleur, 58, 70, 248–9, 289 of Movement poets, 280–283 “Against Coupling,” 248–9 national-identity-based, 289 Adorno, Theodor, 109 of “new” poets, 278–9, 283–4 Africa of “new Romantics” (a.k.a. “new Anglophone African Poetry, 298–301 apocalypse”), 280 poetry of place, 154–6 of Northern Irish poets, 285–6 Afrika, Tatamkulu, 302 period-based, 278–80 Agbabi, Patience, 2–5, 16, 306 polemical anthologies, 277 “Off the Shelf,” 2 position-taking, 279–80 Transformatrix, 2 reception history, 278 Untitled poem, 2–5 representativeness, 279 AIDS epidemic, 117 reviewers of, 277 Alembic (magazine), 82 teaching anthologies, 46–7, 49–50, 276–7, Allnutt, Gillian, 238, 278, 290 288–9 alphabets, multiple, 304–5 of women poets, 289–90 see also groups Alvarez, Al, 278, 279, 283–5 Anthology of Twentieth Century British and Amis, Kingsley, 81, 230, 280 Irish Poetry (Tuma), 244, 278–9 “Against Romanticism,”COPYRIGHTED 288 “anti-elegies,” MATERIAL 108–9, 117 anaphora, 118 apostrophe, 121 Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985), 36–7 AQA Anthology, 49 Anglophone African Poetry, 298–301 Arana, R. Victoria, 271

Reading Postwar British and Irish Poetry, First Edition. Michael Thurston and Nigel Alderman. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Armitage, Simon Shankill Road attack (1966), 29 GCSE reading, 50 street names, 142–3 Kid, 53 violence, 142 long poems, 202 Belfast Group, 282 as “Martian” poet, 287 Benjamin, Walter, 94, 165 The Penguin Book of Poetry from Britain and Benveniste, Asa, 234 Ireland since 1945 (with Crawford), 278, Bergson, Henri, 6 290 Bergvall, Caroline, 267–70 Arnold, Matthew, 47–8, 282 “Cropper,” 268–9 “Dover Beach,” 47–8 Goan Atom (Doll), 269 Arts Council Meddle English, 268 of England, 61, 65–6 “Shorter Chaucer Tales,” 268 of Great Britain, 65–9 Berry, James, 290 of Ireland, 24, 64–9 Berryman, John, 283, 285 of Scotland, 65–6 Bhabba, Homi, 297 of Wales, 65–6 Bhatt, Sujata, 12, 258, 260–261 Ashbery, John, 126 “Sherdi,” 260–261 Astley, Neil, 60, 197, 289 Biafra, 298, 299 Atherton, Gertrude, 7 Bidart, Frank, 205 Black Oven, 7 Bidgood, Ruth, 64 Attlee, Clement, 20–21 Billy Liar (film), 27 Auden, W.H., 7, 51, 59, 110, 122–3, Birmingham, 147, 149 128 Birmingham Immigration Control Collected Shorter Poems, 59 Association, 22–23 “In Memory of W. B. Yeats,” 110 black British poets “The Shield of Achilles,” 122–3, 128 anthologies of, 290 Auschwitz, poetry writing after, 109 institutional support for, 60, 74 avant-garde poets, institutional support Jamaican dialect, 254–5, 257–8, 272 for, 75–6 subject and subjectivity, 228, 249–60 Ayres, Gillian, 126 Black Mountain poets, 67, 234 Black Orpheus (magazine), 299, 300 Baldick, Chris, 43, 45, 46 Black Panthers, 73 Baraka, Amiri, 274 Blair, Tony, 35–8 Barker, George, 280 Blake, William, 132 Barry, Peter, 17, 66–8, 82, 270 blank verse, 16 Bath, Michael, 48 Blanton, C.D., 166 Battle of Orgreave, 41 Bloodaxe, Eric, 60 “Beat” poetry The Bloodaxe Book of 20th Century Poetry from influence, 68, 73, 76 Britain and Ireland (Longley), 278 Mottram, Eric, 67 The Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Women Penguin Modern Poets series, 54 Poets (Couzyn), 289 popularity, 59 The Bloodaxe Book of Modern Welsh Poetry The Beatles, 28 (Elfyn and Rowland), 289 Beaton, Cecil, 20 Bloodaxe Books, 41, 60–62, 64, 66–7, 277 Beckett, Samuel, 6 Bloody Sunday (1972), 113, 222 Behan, Brendan, 24 Bloom, Harold, 110, 189 Belal, Muslim, 308 Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications, 74 Belfast Boland, Eavan lyric poetry, 71 Arlen House, 74 “The More a Man Has, the More a Man “Degas’s Laundresses,” 241 Wants” (Muldoon), 15 “Domestic Interior,” 210, 239 poetry of place, 141–3 “From the Painting Back from Market by religious and cultural divisions, 24, 30 Chardin,” 241

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Boland, Eavan (cont’d ) foreign policy (1940s–1970s), 21 historiographical poetry, 152, 185 generational conflict, 29 “Hymn,” 239 Great Recession (2008–present), 38–9 as “Irish” poet, 15 immigration, 22–3, 25–6, 28–9, marked/continuous and coherent poetry, 249–60 239, 241–2 inflation, 31 “Monotony,” 239 Labour Party see Labour Party (UK) New Territory, 241 nationalization, 21 Night Feed, 241 “post-imperial melancholy,” 25 “Object Lessons,” 121 post-Second World War decades, 19–23 “Patchwork,” 210 postwar consensus, 21–2, 31–4 Penguin Modern Poets series, 56 race relations, 25–6 “That the Science of Cartography Is special relationship with United States, 21, Limited,” 138–9 26, 34, 37 Bourdieu, Pierre, 42–3, 279, 287 state power aligned with the interests of Bourke, Eva, 64 capital, 33–4 Gonella, 64 strikes, 31, 33–4 Brathwaite, Edward Kamau, 8, 12, 250–252, Suez crisis (1956), 22 254–5, 275, 298 unemployment, 31 The Arrivants, 250–255 unions, resentment of, 31–2 “Calypso,” 250–251 violence, 21, 26, 29, 95 “Wings of a Dove,” 254–5 welfare state, 21, 26, 32–3, 36 Islands, 250 Winter of Discontent (1978-1979), 31–2 Masks, 250 youth subculture, 28 Rights of Passage, 250 “British” (the term), 10–14, 296–7 Breeze, Jean “Binta” British Empire anthologized, 48 colonial education systems, 296 as “British” poet, 12 conflicts in colonies, 6 colonial education system, 297–8 Crimean War (1853-1856), 142–3 Jamaican dialect, 257–8 decolonization, 12, 21, 39 Kingston, Jamaica, 257 defeats, 142–3 long poems, 202 dismantling of, 25 marked/continuous and coherent poetry, poetry of place, 154 255–8 seagoing history, 199 performance poetry, 307 shrinkage of, 206–7 Race Today, 74 violence, 174 “Riddym Ravings (The Mad Woman’s British Museum, 94 Poem),” 256–7 British Poetry Revival “The Wife of Bath speaks in Brixton American influences, 14 Market,” 294 anthologies, 233–4 Bretton Woods agreements, 30 experimental poetry, 270 Britain, 19–39 Liverpool poets and, 59 1950s, 25 Penguin Modern Poets series, 54 1960s, 25–9 poets of, 234 1970s, 30–31 British Poetry since 1945 (Lucie-Smith), 278 1980s, 31–3 Britishness, 14–15 1984 miners’ strike, 19 Brixton, London, 252, 253 1990s, 35–6 Brogan, T.V.F., 89 American popular culture, 26 Brown, Gordon, 37 “authoritarian populism,” 32–3 Browning, Robert, 205 civil unrest/riots, 39 Brownjohn, Alan, 70 Conservative Party see Conservative Party Bunting, Basil, 60, 67–8, 188, 197–8, 291 denationalization, 32–4 Briggflatts, 60, 188, 197–8

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Burnside, John, 56 Clifton, Lucille, 301 Burt, Stephen, 281 Clinton, Bill, 36, 37 Bush, George W., 37 close reading, 44–7 Cobbing, Bob Caddel, Richard, 290–291 Alembic (magazine), 82 Calypso music, 250–251 British Poetry Revival, 234 Cambridge School, 81, 263, 265 experimental poetry, 302–4 Cambridge University Department of English, “(for jack kerouac, one)”, 72–3 43–6, 76 Konkrete Canticle, 307 Cameron, David, 38–9 A Peal in Air, 72, 304 Cannon, Moya, 64 performance poetry, 307 Canongate press, 5 Poetry Society, 67–8 canons, 279–80 Poets Conference, 67 Cape Goliard, 79 unmarked/contingent poetry, 234 Carcanet (magazine), 56–7 Writers Forum, 71–3 Carcanet, Ltd., 57–8, 60–61, 66, 67, 223, Cold War, 5–6, 25, 26, 231 277 Coleman, Ornette, 301 Caribbean, colonialism in, 251–2, 272 Coleridge, Samuel, 164, 231, 232 Caribbean British poets, 60 “Frost at Midnight,” 231 Caribbean writers, 178 “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” 164 Carleton, William, 171 Collins, Merle, 56 Carr, Marina, 63 colonialism, 25, 178–9, 184, 251–2, 272–3, Carroll, Lewis, 263 296 Carson, Ciaran, 15, 63, 141–9, 152 Colum, Padraic, 62 Belfast Confetti, 141–9 Images of Departure, 62 Castries, St. Lucia, 182–3 Committee for the Encouragement of Music Cayley, John, 309–11 and the Arts (CEMA), 65 Windsound, 310 Committee on Evil Literature, 24 Riversound, 310–311 concrete poetry, 16, 305–6 Censorship of Publications Board, 24 Conductors of Chaos (Sinclair), 290, 292 Charles of Orleans, 57 “Confessional” poets, 284–5 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 270, 294 Conquest, Robert, 230, 278–81 cheek, cris, 303 Conservative Party Children of Albion (Horovitz), 285 1945 elections, 20 Chirikure, Chirikure, 302 1950s, 21–2 Christian faith, 282 1964 elections, 28 Churchill, Winston, 20, 22, 23 1980s, 31–3 Citadel Press, 299 1990s, 35 Cixous, Helene, 265, 270 2010 elections, 38–9 Clann na Poblachta, 23 European Common Market, 35 Clark, Heather, 71 “Cool Britannia” idea, 38 Clarke, Adrian, 278 Cope, Wendy, 53 Clarke, Austin, 24, 62 Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis, 53 The Echo at Coole and Other Poems, 62 Corcoran, Neil, 202, 281 Mnemosyne Lay in Dust, 62 Corso, Gregory, 54 Clarke, Gillian, 11, 49–50, 114–15, 161, 210, Couzyn, Jeni, 238–9, 289 239–40 “Cartography of the Subtle Heart,” 238–9 Cofiant, 114–15, 161, 210 Cox, C.B., 57, 58 “Letter from a Far Country,” 239–40 Crashaw, Richard, 57 Clarke, John Cooper, 308 Crawford, Robert, 56, 278, 290 class as subject matter of poetry, 286, 287 Creeley, Robert, 76 Clemo, Jack, 54 Crimean War (1853-1856), 142–3 Clifton, Harry, 63 Crotty, Patrick, 289

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Crozier, Andrew Dillon, Thomas Redshaw, 175, 176 “At Least I’ve a Roof Over my Head,” 77 dinnscanchas, 139 The English Intelligencer (magazine), 75–6, Dodd, Jegsy, 308 78, 79 Dolmen Press, 62–3, 222 “February Evenings,” 235 Donne, John, 91, 240–241 “For Two Lovers in One Picture,” 79 “Elegy XIX: On His Mistress Going to on mainstream anthologies, 287–8 Bed,” 240–241 Prynne, J.H., 75–7 Dorgan, Theo, 64 Riley, Peter, 75 Dorn, Ed, 14 Street Editions, 81 Doyle, Brian, 46 unmarked/contingent poetry, 235 Dublin, 37–8, 222, 223 A Various Art (with Longville), 234–5, 290, Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leicester, 91 291 Duffy, Carol Ann “Veil Poem,” 273–4 GCSE reading, 50 cultural field, 279 marked/continuous and coherent cultural loss, 114–15 poetry, 243 Curtis, Tony, 64 Penguin Modern Poets series, 56 cynghanedd, 135 “Rapture,” 93–4 Salmon Poetry, 64 Dabydeen, David sonnet form, 93–4 anthologized, 48 “Standing Female Nude,” 124, 243, 293 as “British” poet, 12 Dun Emer Press, 62 colonial education system, 298 Duncan, Andrew, 83, 127, 302–3 Coolie Odyssey, 255 Duncan, Lesley, 289 elegy, 115–17 Dunn, Douglas, 58, 109, 286 Jamaican dialect, 272 “Birch Room,” 109 Turner, 115–17, 124 Elegies, 109 D’Aguiar, Fred, 14, 249–50, 258–60, “Gardeners,” 286 278, 290 “The Kaleidoscope,” 109 British Subjects, 258 Dunwich, Suffolk, 159–60 “Home,” 259–60 Durrell, Lawrence, 54 Davie, Donald anthologized, 280 Eagleton, Terry, 43, 45–6 “A Conditioned Air,” 231–2, 235 Eatwell, Roger, 20 “The Fountain,” 288 Eden, Anthony, 22 Movement poetry, 58 Edexcel, 288–9 Purity of Diction in English Verse, 231, 281 Edinburgh Book of Twentieth-Century Scottish United States, 14 Poetry (Lindsay and Duncan), 289 unmarked/continuous and coherent poetry, Edwards, Ken, 53, 82–4, 278, 290 231, 232, 235 A4 Landscape, 83 Yeats, William Butler, 232 “April, 1985: Elephant & Castle, Davies, Alistair, 25 London,” 83 Davis, Tony, 69 “September 1985: Deserted mills, Oldham, Deane, Seamus, 15 Lancs,” 83 Deeping, Warwick, 7 ekphrasis (figurative language), 118–30 Doomsday, 7 Achilles’ shield, 121–3, 128 Delaney, Shelagh, 27 artwork described using, 125–9 Dendy, Gail, 302 “Courtyard at Delft” (Mahon), 124–5, 128 Derry/Londonderry, 10, 24, 29–30, 113 defined, 88–9 Des Imagistes (Pound), 278 “Lure” (Riley), 125–8 Devlin, Denis, 62 metaphor, 118–19, 151 The Heavenly Foreigner, 62 Northern Irish poets, 124–5 digital poetry, 85, 309–11 “Not My Best Side” (Fanthorpe), 124, 293

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in postwar period, 121 immigration, 12 simile, 118–19 satiric view of, 199 “Snapshot” (Tomlinson), 128–9 Staffordshire, 203–4 tenor, 119 “English” (the term), 11 themes, common, 122 The English Intelligencer (magazine), 75–81 tropes, 118–21, 124 English sonnets see Shakespearean sonnets vehicle, 119 Englishness, 44, 143, 166, 231 elegy, 107–18 Ennis, Jessica, 40 “anti-elegies,” 108–9, 117 Enright, D.J., 230, 280 Clarke, Gillian, 114–15 Esty, Jed, 21 collective victims, 109–10, 114 European Common Market, 26, 35, 171 for cultural loss, 114–15 European Union, 35, 39 Dabydeen, David, 115 –17 Evans, Steve, 279 death, response to, 107–9 Exchange Rate Mechanism, 3 5 Dunn, Douglas, 109 existential historicism, 162, 165 Gunn, Thom, 117–18 experimental poetry, 302–11 Heaney, Seamus, 101, 111–14 anthologies of, 290–292 Hill, Geoffrey, 109–11 British Poetry Revival, 270 Holocaust, 109–10 Cambridge School, 263 hypercathexis, 107–8 cheek, cris, 303 mourning and melancholy, 108–9 Cobbing, Bob, 302–4 pastoral elegy, 110 concrete poetry, 16, 305–6 Thomas, Dylan, 108–9 digital poetry, 85, 309–11 for Welshness, 114–15 institutional support for, 61, 76, 78 Elfyn, Menna, 11, 289 musical notation, 304–5 Eliot, George, 187 performance poetry, 306–9 Eliot, T.S. poetry reading, 306–7 Agbabi, Patience, 2–5 poets of, 263 anthologized, 48 Prynne, J.H., 291–2 “Burnt Norton,” 121 Riley, Denise, 126 Cambridge University Department of sonnet form, 105–6 English, 43 sound poetry, 16, 303 “dissociation of sensibility,” 44, 91–2 “transliteral morphing” of texts, 310 “The Dry Salvages,” 2, 262 typographic experimentation, 304 “East Coker,” 2 visual arts, 302–3 elegy for, 55–6 writing in multiple languages and alphabets, Faber and Faber, 2–3, 51 304–5 Forrest-Thomson, Veronica, 262, 263 Four Quartets, 1, 2, 198 Faber and Faber, 50–54 “Little Gidding,” 1, 2 dominance of poetry market, 51, 54, 56 long poems, 189, 198 Eliot, T.S., 2–4, 51 Movement poets, 230 founding, 3 Okigbo, Christopher, 299 influence on poets, 52 Poetry Book Society, 66 mainstream poetry, 2–3, 51–2, 58–9 publishers of, 2–3 modernism, 51, 52, 57 “Tradition and the Individual Movement poetry, 51 Talent,” 8–9 Northern Irish poets, 286 The Waste Land, 7, 8, 91, 186, 189, 200, origins, 50–51 263 page size, book design, 51–4 Empson, William, 43, 45, 132, 281, 282 as poetry publisher, 3 England poets published by, 51, 57 Birmingham, 147, 149 stanzaic verse, 52–3 conquest of Ireland, 175–7 The Faber Book of Modern Verse (Robert), 278

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The Faber Book of Twentieth-Century Women’s Freud, Sigmund, 6, 107–8 Poetry (Adcock), 289 Frost, Robert, 101, 104 Fairer, David, 91 “Design,” 104 Falci, Eric, 63 “Out, Out—,” 101 Falkland Islands, 35 Frye, Northrop, 86 Fallon, Peter, 63, 289 Fulcrum Press, 79 family history, 168–9, 210–213 Furniss, Tom, 48 Fanon, Franz, 297 Fanthorpe, U.A., 124, 242, 293 Gall, Sally M., 209 “Not My Best Side,” 124, 242, 293 Gallagher, Shaun, 188 Feaver, Vicki, 56 Gallery Press, 63 Feinstein, Elaine, 78–9 Garioch, Robert, 11 Fenelon, Felix, 56 Garvaghey, Northern Ireland, 167, 172 Fenton, James, 202–5, 277, 287 GCSE, 49–50, 289 “Nest of Vampires,” 202–5 Georgian verse, 7 Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 54 georgic tradition, 134 Ferry Press, 79 Giddens, Anthony, 190 Fianna Fáil, 23, 37, 39 Gilligan, Angie, 239 Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing “Household Dilemma,” 239 (Deane), 15 Gilroy, Paul, 250 Field Day Theatre Company, 10, 15 Ginsberg, Allen, 54, 76, 307 figurative language see ekphrasis “Howl,” 307 Finch, Peter, 64 Glissant, Edouard, 297 Fine Gael, 23, 39 Goldsmith, Oliver, 63 Finlay, Ian Hamilton, 305–6 “Good Friday Agreement” (1998), 37 The Fire People (Sissay), 290 Goodison, Lorna, 12 First International Poetry Incarnation, 285 Gopinath, Praseeda, 283 First World War, 5, 9–10 Gorbanevskaya, Natalya, 57 Fisher, Allen, 50, 53, 82–4, 234, 305 Gräbner, Cornelia, 308 Poetry for Schools, 50 Graham, W.S., 121, 188, 190–196, 280 “ICI Metallichrome,” 84 “The Found Picture,” 121 South Thames Studies, 305 “The Nightfishing,” 188, 190–196 “Unhinge 1,” 84 Graves, Robert, 24, 280 Unpolished Mirrors, 83–4 Gray, Thomas, 41, 48, 109 Fisher, Roy, 146–50, 234 “Elegy Written in Country Churchyard,” City, 146–9 41, 48, 109 A Furnace, 146–7, 149 Greenberg, Clement, 127 “The Return,” 149 Greene, Roland, 209–11 “The Sun Hacks,” 147–8 Greenlaw, Lavinia, 288 Flamin’ Eights Tattoo Studio, 2, 3 Gregson, Ian, 205 Floating Capital (Clarke and Sheppard), Grennan, Eamon, 63 278 Griffiths, Bill, 84 Forrest-Thomson, Veronica, 262–6 Groarke, Vona, 63 “Cordelia: or, A Poem Should Not Mean, Grossberg, Lawrence, 28 But Be,” 262–6 Grosseteste Press, 79 On the Periphery, 266 Grosseteste Review (magazine), 75, 78 “Pain Stopped Play,” 264 A Group Anthology (Hobsbaum and Lucie- Poetic Artifice, 264 Smith), 70, 282 Foster, Roy, 23 “Group” poets, 54, 69–73, 80, 282 Foucault, Michel, 227 groups, 276–95 France, Linda, 289 anthologies, 277–8 Fraser, G.S., 280 Belfast Group, 282 free verse, 6, 55, 59, 61, 71 “Confessional” poets, 284–5

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“Group” poets, 54, 69–73, 80, 282 “Casualty,” 101, 112–13 manifestos, 277 “Clearances,” 101–2, 111 “Martian” poets, 277, 287 Crozier, Andrew, 280 Movement poets see Movement poetry “Digging,” 137 “new” poets, 278–9, 283–4 dinnseanchas, 139 “new Romantics” (a.k.a. “new apocalypse”), District and Circle, 100 280 see also anthologies “The Diviner,” 137 Gujarat, 260–261 Door Into the Dark, 59 Gunn, Thom elegy, 101, 111–14 anthologized, 280 “Elegy,” 110 elegy, 117–18 etymology, 285–6 Faber and Faber, 51, 57 Field Work, 99 “Human Condition,” 288 Frost, Robert, 101 “In Santa Maria del Popolo,” 121 Gallery Press, 63 “The Missing,” 117–18 GCSE reading, 50 Movement poetry, 230 “Glanmore Sonnets,” 99–100 United States, 14 “The Grauballe Man,” 220–221 The Haw Lantern, 101–2 Haffenden, John, 143 “Hercules and Antaeus,” 221–2 Haley, Bill, 26 historiographical poetry, 152, 185 Hall, John, 80 history of language, 285–6 Hall, Stuart, 32 “In Memoriam Francis Ledwidge,” 101 Halliday, Caroline, 239 as “Irish” poet, 15 Hamburger, Michael, 57 long poems, 220–222 Hampson, Robert, 82 Lowell, Robert, 110 Harcourt, Brace and Company, 2–3 lyric poetry, 49–50, 71, 284 Hardie, Kerry, 63 McCartney, Colum, 111–12 Hardy, Thomas, 137–8, 281 “Mid-Term Break,” 101 Harkness, Edward, 65 Muldoon, Paul, 102 Harmon, Maurice, 223 Nobel Prize for Literature, 8 Harris, Leroy, 253 North, 220–222 Harrison, Tony, 19, 41, 97–9, 185, O’Neill, Louis, 112–14 286–7 “Open Letter,” 10, 14 “The Rhubarbarians,” 97–9 “The Pitchfork,” 137 The School for Eloquence, 97 poetry of place, 139–41, 146 “The School for Eloquence,” 97 “Requiem for the Croppies,” 99 “Them & [uz],” 97 “Singing School,” 222 v, 19, 41 sonnet form, 99–102 Hartnett, Michael, 63 “Station Island,” 100–101 Harwood, Lee, 234 “The Strand at Lough Beg,” 101, Hayes, Terrance, 301 111–13 “Lorde,” 301 “Whatever You Say Say Nothing,” 222 Healy, Randolph, 185 Wintering Out, 59, 139 Arbor Vitae, 185 Heath, Edward, 31, 33–4 Heaney, Seamus, 111–14, 139–41, Hebdige, Dick, 28–9 220–222 Heidegger, Martin, 188 academic attention, 55 Hemingway, Ernest, 24 “Anahorish,” 139–40, 161, Hendry, J.F., 280 285 Henri, Adrian, 55–6, 67, 308 “Antaeus,” 221 “Love Poem,” 56 Belfast Group, 282 hermeneutics and poetics, 92 “British,” objections to, 10 Higgins, Rita Ann, 64 “Broagh,” 139–41 Goddess on the Mervue Bus, 64

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Hill, Geoffrey, 143–6, 165–7 Hollander, John, 121 academic attention, 55 Holocaust, 32, 109–10 “An Apology for the Revival of Christian Homer, 7, 121–3, 177, 181, 200 Architecture in England,” 143 Iliad, 121–3, 181 as “British” poet, 14 Odyssey, 7, 200 elegy, 109–11 Hooker, Jeremy, 131 “Funeral Music,” 96 Hopkins, Gerald Manley, 299 “Genesis,” 284 Horovitz, Michael, 285 historiographical poetry, 152 Horsfall, William, 98 King Log, 96 Hove, Chenjerai, 302 Mercian Hymns, 14, 164–7 Howard, Peter, 309–10 poetry of place, 143–6 Xylo, 309–10 “Requiem for the Plantagenet Kings,” 94–6 Howe, Darcus, 74 “September Song,” 110–111 Howe, Fanny, 84 sonnet form, 94–6, 143–4 Howe, Susan, 269 Tenebrae, 143 Hughes, Ted “Two Formal Elegies,” 110 academic attention, 55 Without Title, 110 Alvarez, Al, 283 Hill, Selima, 262 anthologized, 48, 280 “I Know I Ought to Love You,” 262 Crow, 59 historiographical poetry, 161–85 Faber and Faber, 57 Bloody Sunday (1972), 113, 222 figurative language, 120, 151, 288 Caribbean islands, 251–2 Graves’s The White Goddess, 280 collages in, 173–4 lyric poetry, 49 colonialism, 178–9, 184, 251–2, 272–3 Moortown, 161 conquering vs. conquered point of view, as “new” poet, 284 165, 166 “Pike,” 119 continuity vs. discontinuity, 166 poetry of place, 150–151 cultural forgetting, 182 The Remains of Elmet, 146–7, 150 Darwin: A Life in Poems (Padel), 162–4 “Stanbury Moor,” 150–151 emigration and dispersal, 169 “The Thought Fox,” 119, 288 encountering and transmitting the past, 164 “Thrushes,” 284 English conquest of Ireland, 175–7 “Tractor,” 161 Englishness, investigation of, 166 “View of a Pig,” 119–20 existential historicism, 162, 165 Wodwo, 52 family history, 168–9 Hulse, Michael, 278, 288 King Offa, 165–7 Husserl, Edmund, 188 long poems, 185 Hutchinson, Pearse, 63 loss of identity, 180–181 loss of language, 175, 176 Iago, 137 lyric poetry in, 169–70 IC3: The Penguin Book of New Black Writing Mercian Hymns (Hill), 165–7 in Britain (Newland and Sesay), 290 Omeros (Walcott), 177–85 identities, marked, 228–9 political dissolution, 175 identities, unmarked, 228–9 quotations from historical documents in, identity, loss of, 180–181 163, 171–3 imagist poetry, 83, 196–7, 281 recovery of cultural practices, 180 In Place of Strife (UK government white The Rough Field (Montague), 167–77 paper), 31 St. Lucia (island), 179, 181–3 incoherence, intentional, 6–10 slavery, 178–80, 270–271 Institute of Race Relations, 73–4 sonnet form in, 170 institutional support for poetry, 41–85 Hobsbaum, Philip, 69–71, 73, 282 Alembic (magazine), 82 Hoggart, Richard, 46 Arts Councils, 64–9

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for black British poets, 60, 74 Jackson, Alan, 54 Bloodaxe Books, 41, 60–62 Jackson, Peter, 39 Carcanet (magazine), 56–7 Jakobson, Roman, 119 Carcanet, Ltd., 57–8 Jamaican dialect, 254–5, 257–8, 272 digital poetry, 85 James, John, 76, 78, 81, 234 The English Intelligencer (magazine), 75–81 Jameson, Fredric, 40, 162, 185 experimental poetry, 61, 76, 78 Jamie, Kathleen, 11, 56, 153–4, 161 Faber and Faber see Faber and Faber “Skeins o Geese,” 153–4, 161 Irish publishers, 62–4 Jennings, Elizabeth, 54, 58, 280, 290 Penguin Modern Poets, 54–6 Johnson, Linton Kwesi, 252–5 PN Review (magazine), 59–60 “All Wi Doin Is Defendin,” 254 Poetry Book Society, 66 Black Panthers, 73 Poetry Nation (magazine), 58–60 Brixton, London, 252 Poetry Society, 67–9 colonial education system, 298 poetry workshops and collectives, 69–74 Dread Beat an’ Blood, 250, 307 Reality Studios, 83, 84 “Dread Beat an’ Blood,” 250, 252–5 Reality Studios (newsletter), 82 “Five Nights of Bleeding,” 253–4 Street Editions, 81, 84 Gräbner, Cornelia, 308 teaching anthologies, 46–7, 49–50 grounding of identity, 275 textbooks, 46–9 “Inglan Is a Bitch,” 118–19 universities and schools, 42–50 LKJ Records, 307 Welsh publishers, 64 marked/continuous and coherent poetry, for women poets, 60 252–5 International Book Fair of Radical Black and performance poetry, 307 Third World Books, 74 political concerns, 308 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 39 Race Today (magazine), 73–4 Ireland, English conquest of, 175–7 Voices of the Living and the Dead, 250 Ireland, Republic of, 23–5, 37–9 Johnson, Nicholas, 291 1960s, 25 Jones, David, 291 1990s, 37–8 Jones, Glyn, 64 admittance to UN, 23 Jones, Peter, 57 as “Celtic Tiger,” 37 Jones, Roland, 115 censorship, 24 Jonson, Ben, 134 formation, 23 “To Penshurst,” 134 Great Recession (2008–present), 39 Joseph, Anthony, 272–3, 307 independence, 39 “europeisinmyass,” 273 Labour Party, 23 “Plasticine,” 272–3 post-Second World War decades, 23–4 Joyce, James, 6, 7 Roman Catholic Church, influence of, 38 Joyce, Trevor, 63 separation from Britain, 23 social welfare, 23 Kariara, Jonathan, 302 Ireland Act (1949), 23 Kavanagh, Patrick, 62 Irish Free State, 14, 23 Self Portrait, 62 Irish poetry Kay, Jackie, 56, 61–2, 202, 207–9, 272, 290 defined, 14–15 “The Adoption Papers,” 61–62, 207–9 historical context, 40 (AU: Please check whether the multiple minds, 9 highlighted page number is 6 or 61) temporal descriptions of, 9 Keats, John, 121, 146, 186, 301 Irish poetry publishers, 62–4 Hyperion, 186 Irish Republican Army (IRA), 24–5, 29 The Fall of Hyperion, 186 Irish Writers Centre, 74 “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” 121 Irishness, 14–15 “Ode to a Nightingale,” 146 irony, 238, 247–8, 281, 288 “Keep Calm and Carry On” slogan, 38

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Kellogg, David, 229, 279 language, loss of, 175, 176 Kennedy, David, 278, 288 “language” poets, 16 Kenny, Enda, 39 languages, multiple, 304–5 Kenya, 154–5 Larkin, Philip, 215–20 Kenyan Anglophone poets, 301–2 academic attention, 55 Kerouac, Jack, 73 Alvarez, Al, 283 Keynes, John Maynard, 65 anthologized, 48, 280, 282 Kiely, Benedict, 24 “An Arundel Tomb,” 218–19 Kilroy, Thomas, 63 “Church Going,” 282–3 King, Henry, 77, 107 communal rituals, 218–19 “To a Lady who sent me a copy of my verses “The Explosion,” 219 at my going to bed,” 77 Faber and Faber, 51, 57 Kingston, Jamaica, 257 “Here,” 217–18 Kinnahan, Linda, 237–8, 263, High Windows, 215, 217–20 293 “High Windows,” 93, 216–17 Kinsella, Thomas, 222–5 “Homage to a Government,” 220 From Centre City, 224 “Home is so Sad,” 121 Dolmen Press, 63 “I Remember, I Remember,” 282 “Dream,” 223–4 The Less Deceived, 215, 217, 218, 282 “Glenmacnass,” 224 “Lines on a Young Lady’s Photograph Littlebody, 224 Album,” 217, 282 long poems, 222–5 lyric poetry, 49 Madonna and Other Poems, 223 Movement poetry, 230, 282–3 “Night Conference, Wood Quay: 6 June poetic language, 16 1979,” 223 “Sad Steps,” 220 One Fond Embrace, 223 slim volumes of verse, 215–20 “One Fond Embrace,” 224 “Solar,” 220 Open Court, 223, 224 “Talking in Bed,” 47 Peppercanister pamphlets, 222–3 “This Be The Verse,” 220 Personal Places, 223 “To the Sea,” 218 Poems from Centre City, 223 unmarked/continuous and coherent poetry, Tain Bo Cuailnge, translation of, 62 230 Klopstock, Erwin, 80 The Whitsun Weddings, 53, 215, 217, 218, Komunyakaa, Yusef, 301 220 Korte, Barbara, 277 “The Whitsun Weddings,” 215–16 Kristeva, Julia, 263, 265, 269–70 Larrisey, Edward, 288 Kynaston, David, 20 Lawrence, D.H., 24 Lazer, Hank, 307 Labour Party (Ireland), 23 Leavis, F.R., 43, 44, 69, 281, 282 Labour Party (UK) Lehman, John, 204 1945 elections, 20 Leonard, Tom, 11 1950s, 22 Lewis, C. Day, 7 1964 elections, 27–8 Lewis, Gwyneth, 11, 158 1970 elections, 31 “The Flaggy Shore,” 158 1997 elections, 35–6 Liberal Democrats, 38–9 2010 elections, 38–9 Liberal Party, 31, 32 Blair’s foreign policy, 37 Lindop, Grevel, 57 European Common Market, 35 Lindsay, Maurice, 289 Let Us Face the Future manifesto, 21 Liverpool poets, 55–6, 59 Third Way, 36 LKJ Records, 307 Lacan, Jacques, 191, 263 Lloyd, David, 289 Lace Curtain (journal), 63 London Olympics (1908, 1948, 2012), 39–40 landscape tradition, 134 see also poetry of place London Transport, 25–6

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long poems, 186–25 Lowell, Robert, 48, 49, 110, 283, 285 aberrant personalities, 205 Life Studies, 285 anthologies, 225 Loy, Mina, 6 “The Ballad of the Yorkshire Ripper” Lucie-Smith, Edward (Morrison), 202–3 British Poetry since 1945, 278 Breeze, Jean “Binta,” 202 A Group Anthology (with Hobsbaum), 70, Briggflatts (Bunting), 188, 197–8 282 Correspondence (Stevenson), 210–215 “Group” poets, 69–71, 80 epiphanic moments, 192–3 parody of, 80–81 family history, 210–213 Penguin Modern Poets series, 54 Fenton, James, 188, 202 Ludwig, Hans Werner, 278 Four Quartets (Eliot), 198 Lyotard, Jean François, 7 fragmented epics, 188, 196–201, 215 lyric poetry Heaney, Seamus, 220–222 Agbabi, Patience, 2 historiographical poetry, 185 anthologies, 186, 289 “Independence” (Motion), 205–7 apostrophe in, 121 Kay, Jackie, 188, 202 Belfast see Belfast Kinsella, Thomas, 222–5 contemporary poets, exemplary, 49–50 Larkin, Philip, 215–20 in historiographical poetry, 169–70 life as a series of passages, 194–5 lyric sequences, 188, 209–15, 224 long narrative poems, 188, 201–9, 215 post-Romantic poetry, 186–7 lyric sequences, 188, 209–15, 224 of violence, 284 Maxwell, Glyn, 202 Morrison, Blake, 188, 202 Maar, Dora, 293 Motion, Andrew, 188, 202 Macbeth, George, 54, 70 Muldoon, Paul, 287 MacBride, Sean, 23 “Nest of Vampires” (Fenton), 202–5 MacCaig, Norman, 280 novels, 187 MacDiarmid, Hugh, 291 past and present selves, relationship MacLean, Sorley, 11 between, 190 Macmillan, Harold, 22 phenomenological long poems, 187–96 MacNeice, Louis, 7, 199 The Prelude (Wordsworth), 189–90 “Bagpipe Music,” 199 quotation, use of, 197 Mahon, Derek, 63, 124–5, 128, 282, roots of, 187 286, 289 “secret narrative” poetics, 207–9 “Courtyards in Delft,” 124–5, 128 self and outside world, relationships mainstream poetry, 283–90 between, 190, 194 1960s, 233 self-identity, modern, 190–196, 201, 207–9 anthologies, 283–90, 294–5 slim volumes of verse, 188, 215–5 Faber and Faber, 2–3, 51–2, 58–9 survival of, 186–7 funding for, 64–9 Ukulele Music (Reading), 188, 198–201 GCSE, 49–50 The Waste Land (Eliot), 189 Georgian verse, 7 writing poetry as self-development, 195–6 Harcourt, Brace and Company, 2–3 Longenbach, James, 162 importance of, 290 Longley, Edna, 278 metaphor, 287 Longley, Michael, 282, 286 Penguin Modern Poets, 54–6 Longville, Tim, 78, 80, 234, 290 Poetry Society, 17 Lopez, Tony, 105, 191 simile, 287 Lord Kitchener (calypso artist), 23 textbooks, 49 Lorde, Audre, 301 “well-made poems,” 52, 287 loss, cultural, 114–15 widening, 56–62 loss of identity, 180–181 Major, John, 35 loss of language, 175, 176 Mallarmé, Stéphane, 1

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Mangan, James Clarence, 63 Miller, Liam, 62 Marcus, David, 62 Milne, Drew, 105–6 Marechera, Dambudzo, 302 “A Garden of Tears,” 105–6 marked identities, 228–9 Milton, John, 91, 262 marked/contingent poetry, 230, 261–75, “Lycidas,” 107, 108, 110, 112 310 Paradise Lost, 186, 245, 262 marked/continuous and coherent poetry, 230, Mitchell, Adrian, 285 237–61 “To Whom It May Concern (Tell Me Lies Markham, E.A., 272 About Vietnam),” 285 “Towards the End of a Century,” 272 Mitchell, George, 37 Marley, Bob, 117 Modern Irish Poetry (Crotty), 289 Marriott, D. S., 273–5 modernism, 6–9 Hoodoo Voodoo, 273–4 Bloodaxe Books, 41 “Limping,” 274 Cambridge University Department of “Martian” poets, 277, 287 English, 44 Matthews, John, 302 Eliot, T.S., 57 Maxwell, Glyn, 202, 287, 288 Faber and Faber, 51, 52, 57 McCarthy, Karen, 290 fascism, 281 Bittersweet, 290 fragmentation, 6, 9–10 McGahern, John, 24 free verse, 6 McGough, Roger, 55, 308 intentional incoherence, 6, 9–10 McGuckian, Medbh, 63, 286 irrationality, 281 McKittrick, David, 24, 29 Movement poetry, 233, 280–281 McSweeney, Barry, 77, 79, 234 Pound, Ezra, 6, 281 “Farewell/my 20 Gauloises,” 79 stream-of-consciousness narration, 6 “Final Solution Issue,” 79 in textbooks, 48 “In Bed,” 77 turn away from, 7, 8 “Plea Poem,” 79 Yeats, William Butler, 6, 281 Melville, Herman, 273 Mods, 28–9 Memmott, Talan, 309 Mohin, Lilian, 289 Mengham, Rod, 291 Monk, Geraldine, 105–6 Meredith, George, 97 Ghosts & Other Stories, 106 Modern Love, 97 “The Madness of Sonnets,” 105, 106 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 188 Monroe, Harriet, 278 Merriman, Brian, 62 Montague, John, 167–77 The Mersey Sound (Penguin Modern Poets “The Bread God,” 171–2, 174 series), 55, 285 “Christmas Morning,” 171–4 metaphor Dolmen Press, 63 defined, 118–19 “The Family,” 176–7 Hughes, Ted, 120, 151, 288 Garvaghey, Northern Ireland, 167, 172 mainstream poetry, 287 “Home Again,” 171–2 Plath, Sylvia, 288 as “Irish” poet, 15 for self-creation, 193 “Penal Rock: Altamuskin,” 171 tenor, 119 The Rough Field, 63, 164, 167–77 vehicle, 119 “A Severed Head,” 174–6 metonymy Tyrone, Northern Ireland, 170–171 D’Aguiar, Fred, 259 “An Ulster Prophecy,” 171 defined, 119–20 “The Wild Dog Rose,” 177 Hughes, Ted, 120 Moore, Nicholas, 280 Michio, Horikawa, 301 Morgan, Edwin, 57, 58, 308–9 Middleton, Peter, 50–53, 57, 288–9, 297, From Glasgow to Saturn, 58 306–7 “Loch Ness Monster’s Song,” 308–9 Miller, Josephine, 62 Morley, David, 278, 288

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Morris, Adalaide, 297, 308–9 “A Trifle,” 102 Morris, Neil, 69 Yeats, William Butler, 103 Morrison, Blake Mulford, Wendy, 158–60 “The Ballad of the Yorkshire Ripper,” 2RI (magazine), 78 202–3 The A.B.C. of Writing, 266 long poems, 188, 202 The Bay of Naples, 266 The Movement, 231 Cambridge School, 265 Movement poetry, 280–281 “Coriolis Effect,” 159 The Penguin Book of Contemporary British The East Anglia Sequence, 158–9, 266 Poetry (with Motion), 10, 202, 278, 279, Edwards, Ken, 83 285–9 The English Intelligencer (magazine), 78 Seamus Heaney, 221 “Inheritance,” 159 Motion, Andrew, 10, 202, 205–7, 278, 279, marked/contingent poetry, 265–7 285 “Pareto Optimality 1099, 1953,” 159 Independence, 205–7 poetry of place, 158–60 “Independence,” 202, 205–7 Prynne, J.H., 81 “Lines of Desire,” 202 Reality Street, 84 Mottram, Eric, 67–8, 234, 278, 290 Street Editions, 81, 126, 266 Movement poetry, 277, 280–283 Murphy, Peter, 63 1950s, 81 musical notation, 304–5 Alvarez, Al, 283 anthologies of, 280–283 Nairn, Tom, 33 “Beat” poetry, 234 National Book League, 51 Eliot, T.S., 230 National Health Service, 21, 25–6, 32 Faber and Faber, 51 National Poetry Centre, 66, 68 Gunn, Thom, 230 National Union of Miners (NUM), 31, 34, 41 influences on, 234 New Age (magazine), 2 irony, 281, 288 New Beacon Books, 74 Larkin, Philip, 230, 282–3 The New British Poetry (Allnutt et. al.), 234, modernism, 233, 280–281 238, 278 Morrison, Blake, 280–281 New British Poetry (Paterson and Simie), 244, in Poetry Nation, 58 278 poets of, 58, 230 The New English Weekly (review), 2 Romantic poets, 280–281 New Lines (Conquest), 230, 278–80, 282, subject and subjectivity, 281 290 Thomas, Dylan, 230 “new narrative” verse, 287 traditional verse forms, 8 The New Poetry (Alvarez), 278, 279, 283–5 unmarked/continuous and coherent poetry, The New Poetry (Hulse, Kennedy and Morley), 230–231 278, 288 Muldoon, Paul, 102–5 The New Poetry (Monroe), 278 “Anseo,” 102–3 New Review (journal), 58 Frost, Robert, 103, 105 A New Romantic Anthology (Schimanski and Heaney, Seamus, 102 Treece), 280 historiographical poetry, 185 “new Romantics” (a.k.a. “new apocalypse”), “Immram,” 287 280 long poems, 287 New Signatures (Roberts), 278 “The More a Man Has, the More a Man New Writers Press, 63 Wants,” 15, 102–3, 287 “New York School” poets, 59, 126, 234 Ni Dhomhnaill, Nuala, 240 Newland, Courttia, 290 performance poetry, 307 News for Babylon (Berry), 290 Quoof, 104–5 Ni Chuilleanáin, Eiléan, 15, 185 “Quoof,” 105 “Seamus Murphy, Died October 2nd sonnet form, 102–5 1975,” 185

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Ni Dhomhnaill, Nuala, 15, 240–241, 263 “Silences,” 299 Gan do Chid Eadaigh, 240–241 Oliver, Douglas, 56, 81–2, 234 Pharaoh’s Daughter, 240–241 In the Cave of Suicession, 81–2 Nichols, Grace, 48, 56, 244, 293, 298, 307 “When I Was in Bridport,” 235 “The Fat Black Woman Remembers,” Olson, Charles, 14, 76 244 O’Malley, Mary, 64 Picasso, I Want My Face Back, 293 One Foot On The Mountain (Mohin), 289 “Weeping Woman,” 293 Orage, A.R., 2 Nigerian Anglophone poets, 298–301 Orange Order, 24 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Ormond, John, 64 (NATO), 21 Osborne, Charles, 68 North, Michael, 166 O’Sullivan, Maggie Northern Arts, 66–7 From the Handbook of That and Furriery, Northern Ireland 268, 304 1960s, 29–30 In the House of the Shaman, 267–8 1972, 30 marked/contingent poetry, 267–8, 270 Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985), 36–7 Out of Everywhere, 289, 290 Belfast see Belfast performance poetry, 307 Bloody Sunday (1972), 113, 222 Reality Street, 84 County Tyrone, 170–171 “Starlings,” 267 Derry/Londonderry, 10, 24, 29–30, 113 unmarked/continuous and coherent poetry, devolution, 36–7 275 Heaney, Seamus, 10 Oswald, Alice, 53 paramilitaries, 30 Dart, 53 post-Second World War decades, 24–5 Other (Caddel and Quartermain), 290–291 religious and cultural divisions, 24 Out of Bounds (Kay, Procter and Robinson), Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), 29–30 290 “Special Powers Act,” 29 Owusu, Kwesi, 271 the “Troubles,” 25, 30, 36, 114 Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892-1935 violence, 24, 30, 36, 100, 102–4, 114 (Yeats), 278 Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association Oxford University Press, 61, 70, 222–4 (NICRA), 29 Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act Padel, Ruth, 162–4 (1972), 30 Darwin: A Life in Poems, 162–4 Northern Irish poets “The Devil as Baboon,” 163 1960s and 1970s, 285 page size, book design, 51–4, 61–2 anthologies of, 285–6 parataxis, 267 ekphrasis (figurative language), 124–5 Parker, Derek, 67 Faber and Faber, 286 pastoral poetry, 110, 132–5 The Norton Anthology of Modern and Paterson, Don, 8, 11, 53, 244, 278 Contemporary Poetry (Ramazani), Nil Nil, 53 279 Patten, Brian, 55, 308 Nuttall, Jeff, 54, 234 “After Breakfast,” 55 “Schoolboy,” 55 O’Brien, Edna, 24 Patterson, Sheila, 26 O’Brien, Kate, 24 Dark Strangers, 26 O’Connor, Frank, 24 Paulin, Tom, 199, 286 O’Donnell, Mary, 64 p’Bitek, Okot, 302 O’Faolain, Sean, 24 The Penguin Book of Contemporary British O’Hara, Frank, 126 Poetry (Morrison and Motion), 10, 202, Okigbo, Christopher, 12, 298–300 278, 279, 285–9 “Elegy for Alto,” 300 The Penguin Book of Contemporary Irish Poetry Heavensgate, 299 (Fallon and Mahon), 289

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The Penguin Book of Poetry from Britain and poetry of place, 131–60 Ireland since 1945 (Armitage and Africa, 154–6, 180, 185 Crawford), 278, 290 archaeological approach, 78, 131, 136, 150, Penguin Modern Poets, 54–6 159 performance poetry, 306–9 Belfast, 141–3 Perloff, Marjorie, 297 Birmingham, 147, 149 persona poems, 243–7 British Empire, 154 Petrarchan sonnets, 89–91, 99, 100 Brixton, London, 252, 253 Pickard, Tom, 185, 197, 234 Carson, Ciaran, 141–3, 146 “A History Lesson from My Son on cartographical approach, 132, 138–9, 150, Hadrian’s Wall,” 185 159 Pilgrim Trust, 65 dinnseanchas, 139 places see poetry of place Dunwich, Suffolk, 159–60 Plath, Sylvia East Anglia, 158–9 anthologized, 48, 290 ecological approach, 132, 133 Ariel, 53 encounter, trope of, 136 as “British” poet, 14 etymological approach, 124, 125, 132, 135, as “Confessional” poet, 285 139, 159 “Daddy,” 284 Fisher, Roy, 146–50 “Lady Lazarus,” 284 Garvaghey, Northern Ireland, 167, 172 lyric poetry, 49 geological approach, 131, 136, 159 “Mary’s Song,” 284 georgic tradition, 134 in The New Poetry, 284 Gujarat, 260–261 Stevenson, Anne, 213 Heaney, Seamus, 139–41, 146 PN Review (magazine), 58–60, 75 Hill, Geoffrey, 143–6 poetic canons, 279–80 historical traces in landscapes, 146–54 poetic field of the postwar period, 279–80, Hughes, Ted, 150–151 292–5 identity, national or regional, 138–9, 143 poetics and hermeneutics, 92 Kenya, 154–5 poetry Kingston, Jamaica, 257 about engagement with history see landscape tradition, 134, 143, 152 historiographical poetry Lewis, Gwyneth, 158 about places see poetry of place London, 259 after Auschwitz, 109 Mulford, Wendy, 158–60 class as subject matter, 286, 287 Nigeria, 298–9 close reading of, 44–7 pastoral poetry, 132–5 conventions, 16–17, 88 phenomenological approach, 131, 134, form vs. content, 87–8 136 institutional sites see institutional support for prepositions and prepositional phrases, poetry 132–3 long poems see long poems psychogeographical approach, 131, 159 lyric poetry see lyric poetry St. Lucia, 154, 156–7, 179, 181–3 page size, book design, 51–4, 61–2 St. Patrick’s Purgatory, 100 the persona in a poem, 226–7, 243–7 see Salthouse, Norfolk, 158–9 also subject and subjectivity Scotland, 152–4 “secret narrative” poetics, 207–9 Smith, Iain Crichton, 152–3 sonnets see sonnet form sonnet form, 143–4 students’ first encounter with, 46–7 Staffordshire, England, 203–4 tropes, 88 Thomas, Dylan, 132–5 as a vision of national culture, 44, 46 time and space, 133 Poetry Book Society, 66 topographical approach, 131–2, Poetry Library, 67, 68 159 Poetry Nation (magazine), 58–60 Tyrone, Northern Ireland, 170–171

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poetry of place (cont’d ) Grosseteste Review (magazine), 78–9 Walcott, Derek, 154–7 Her Weasels Wild Returning, 292 Wales, 157–8 influence of, 76 Wordsworth, William, 136, 144–6, 151 Kitchen Poems, 79 Poets of the 1950s (Enright), 280 linguistic innovation, 8 poetry reading, 306–7 Mulford, Wendy, 81 Poetry Review (journal), 67–9, 309 “The Numbers,” 79 Poetry Society parody of, 80 Arts Council of Great Britain, 66, 68–9 Poems, 61 institutional support for poetry, 67–9 Riley, Peter, 76 mainstream poetry, 17 “Sketch for a Financial Theory of the Self,” “radical” takeover of, 17, 67–8 234–5, 291 Reform Group, 68 Street Editions, 81 Poetry Wales (magazine), 64 unmarked/contingent poetry, 234–5 Poetry Wales Poets series, 64 “The Western Gate,” 77 poetry workshops and collectives, 69–74 Publishers’ Association, 51 Poets Conference, 67 Pugh, Sheenagh, 64 Poets of the 1950s (Enright), 230 Pynchon, Thomas, 7–8 A Policy for the Arts (White Paper), 66 Pope, Alexander, 186 Quartermain, Peter, 290–291 The Dunciad (Pope), 186 Rape of the Lock (Pope), 186 Race Today, 74 Porter, Peter, 70 Race Today (magazine), 73–4 postcolonial Anglophone poets, 297–302 Raine, Craig, 277, 287, 288 postmodernism, 7–9 “A Martian Sends a Postcard Home,” 287 post-Romantic poetry, 186–7 Ramazani, Jahan, 13, 108, 117, 279, 297 “postwar” (the term), 5–6, 9, 10, 12 Ramey, Lauri, 3, 271, 272 postwar American poetry Raworth, Tom, 80, 105, 234, 236–7 “Beat” poetry see “Beat” poetry “Pretense,” 236 free verse, 59 “Reference,” 236 open-form poets, 58 “You’ve Ruined My Evening/You’ve postwar British poetry compared to, 13–14 Ruined My Life,” 236–7 the poetic field, 229 Reading, Peter, 188, 198–202 Pound, Ezra Ukulele Music (Reading), 188, 198–202 The Cantos, 7, 186, 200–201 Reading Poetry (Furniss and Bath), 48 imagist poetry, 196–7 Reagan, Ronald, 34 “In a Station of the Metro,” 196–7 Reality Street, 53, 67, 84, 126 “The Lake Isle,” 196–7 Reality Studios, 53, 83, 84, 126 Reading, Peter, 198 Reality Studios (newsletter), 82 Presley, Elvis, 26 Rebel Without a Cause (film), 26 Procter, James, 290 Redgrove, Peter, 69, 70, 280 Provisional Irish Republican Army, 30, 37, 113 Reedy, Carlyle, 270–271 Prynne, J.H. “The Slave Ship,” 270–271 2RI (magazine), 78 Reeves, Gareth, 57 archaeological interests, 78 Reid, Christopher, 287 “Aristeas, In Seven Years,” 78 Republic of Biafra, 299 British Poetry Revival, 234 Republic of Ireland see Ireland, Republic of Cambridge University Department of Republic of Ireland Act (1948), 23 English, 76 rhyme schemes Crozier, Andrew, 75–7 cynghanedd, 135 The English Intelligencer (magazine), 75, Petrarchan sonnets, 89–91, 99, 100 78, 79 Shakespearean sonnets, 89, 96, 99 experimental poetry, 291–2 Rich, Adrienne, 64

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Richards, I. A., 43–45, 119 “Scholarship Boy” poetry, 286 Richardson, Tony, 27 Scientific Press, Ltd., 50–51 Ricks, Christopher, 111, 220–221 Scotland Riley, Denise, 50, 56, 84, 125–8, 265–6 Acts of Union, 11 Marxism for Infants, 50 Bloodaxe Books, 41 “Lure” (Riley), 125–6 devolution, 11, 33, 36 Mop Mop Georgette (Riley), 126 nationalist parties, 33 “When it’s time to go” (Riley), 265–6 poetry of place, 152–4 Riley, John, 78, 234 Scott, Alexander, 289 Riley, Peter Scott, D.J., 230 archaeological interests, 78 Scott, J.D., 277 British Poetry Revival, 234 Scottish International (magazine), 152 Crozier, Andrew, 75 Scottish language, 11 The English Intelligencer (magazine), 75, Scottish Nationalists, 11 78–9 Scottish poets, 61, 64 Excavations, 185 Scrutiny (journal), 69 historiographical poetry, 185 Scully, Maurice, 84 “I am from language and will return to Second World War, 5, 9–10, 20, 23 language,” 234 “secret narrative” poetics, 207–9, 287 parody of, 80 Seed, John, 83 Prynne, J.H., 76 “self” (the term), 227 unmarked/contingent poetry, 234 self-identity, modern, 190–196 Roberts, Michael, 278 Seren Books, 64 Robertson, Lisa, 84 Sesay, Kadija, 290 Robinson, Gemma, 290 sestet, 89–91, 96 Robinson, Peter, 144 Sex Pistols, 32 Rogers, Simon, 39 Sexton, Anne, 285 Roman Catholic Church, 38 Shakespearean sonnets Romantic poets, 91, 132, 134, 187, complex form, 90–91 280–281 Duffy, Carol Ann, 93 Rosenthal, M.L., 209, 285 Harrison, Tony, 97 Ross, Ann, 176 Heaney, Seamus, 99 Rowland, John, 289 homoeroticism, 93 Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), 24–5, literary tradition, 16 29–30 Muldoon, Paul, 15 Rumens, Carol, 289 rhyme scheme, 89, 96, 99 Making for the Open, 289 Sonnet 18, 90, 99 Sonnet 73, 45 Sacks, Peter, 107–8, 110 Sonnet 94, 264 Said, Edward, 297 Sonnet 106, 90 St. David’s Day referendum, 36 Sonnet 130, 240 St. Lucia (island), 154, 156–7, 179, 181–3 Shapcott, Jo, 244–7 Saison Poetry Library, 3, 67 “Mad Cow Dance,” 245–6 Salmon Poetry, 64 Phrase Book, 245 Salthouse, Norfolk, 158 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 231, 232 Scammell, William, 128 “Ode to the West Wind,” 231 Scargill, Arthur, 41 Sheppard, Robert, 278 schemes, types of, 118 Silkin, Jon, 58, 111, 185 Schimanski, Stefan, 280 “Astringencies,” 185 Schlesinger, John, 27 The Principle of Water, 58 Schmidt, Michael, 57–60, 81 Sillitoe, Alan, 27 Desert of the Lions, 58 Saturday Night, Sunday Morning, 27 “The Politics of Form,” 58–59 Simic, Charles, 244, 278

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simile sound poetry, 16, 303 defined, 118–19 South African Anglophone poets, 301–2 in historiographical poetry, 169 Southall Residents’ Association, 22–3 Hughes, Ted, 120, 288 Sparty Lea, Northumberland, 79 mainstream poetry, 287 The Spectator (magazine), 277 Plath, Sylvia, 288 Spender, Stephen, 51 tenor, 119 Spiller, Michael, 89 vehicle, 119 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 297 Sinclair, Iain, 56, 234, 290, 292 Spurr, Barry, 47–8 Sinfield, Alan, 25, 50 stanzaic verse, 52–3, 61, 71 Sissay, Lemm, 290, 308 Stein, Gertrude, 269 Sisson, C.H., 58 Steinbeck, John, 24 In the Trojan Ditch, 58 Stevens, Wallace, 121, 158, 301 Sixty Women Poets (France), 289 “Anecdote of a Jar,” 121 Sked, Alan, 20–21, 30, 34 “Snow Man,” 158 Skelton, Robin, 62 Stevenson, Anne, 210–215 slavery, 178–80, 270–271 Correspondences, 210–215 Smith, David Woodruff, 188 “Eden Ann Whitelaw to her sister Kay Boyd Smith, Iain Crichton, 152–3 in London,” 211–12 “Clearances,” 152 Stevenson, Randall, 277 Collected Poems, 152 Stolzoff, Norman, 256 “Shall Gaelic Die?,” 152 Street Editions, 81, 84, 126, 266 The White Air of March, 152–3 subject and subjectivity, 226–75 Smith, John, 35 black British poets, 228, 249–60 Smith, Stevie, 47, 247–8, 275 decentering of the speaking subject, 236 “Deeply Morbid,” 247–8 discourse, 227–8, 281 “Not Waving But Drowning,” 47–8 the “I,” 226–7, 265, 281 Snodgrass, W.D., 285 immigrant poets, 249–60 Snyder, Gary, 76 Jamaican dialect, 254–5, 257–8, 272 sonnet form, 89–106 language, 227–8, 234 antipathy to, 105–6 marked identities, 228–9 Duffy, Carol Ann, 93–4 marked/contingent poetry, 230, 261–75, 310 English sonnets see Shakespearean sonnets marked/continuous and coherent poetry, experimental poetry, 105–6 230, 237–61 Harrison, Tony, 97–9 memory, 227 Heaney, Seamus, 99–102 Movement poetry, 230–231, 281 Hill, Geoffrey, 94–6, 143–4 multiplicity and variability of truth and in historiographical poetry, 170 subjectivity, 261–2 interpreting sonnets, 91–2 the persona in a poem, 226–7, 243–7 meter, 89 “self” (the term), 227 Milton, John, 91 selfhood, 229 Monk, Geraldine, 105–6 “subject” (the term), 227 Muldoon, Paul, 102–5 “subject of” (the term), 227 octave, 89–91 “subject to” (the term), 227 Petrarchan sonnets, 89–91, 99, 100 unmarked identities, 228–9 poetry of place, 143–4 unmarked/contingent poetry, 229, 233–7 revitalization of, 106 unmarked/continuous and coherent poetry, rhyme schemes, 89 229–33, 275, 310 sestet, 89–91, 96 women poets, 228, 237–49, 262–70 Shakespearean sonnets see Shakespearean Suez crisis (1956), 22 sonnets Surrealism, 280 “volta,” 89, 90 Sweetman, David, 287 Yeats, William Butler, 103, 104 synecdoche, 119–20

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Tarn, Nathaniel, 70 Ugandan Anglophone poets, 301–2 A Taste of Honey (film), 27 Ulster Renaissance, 71 Taylor, Joelle, 3 Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), 29 teaching anthologies, 46–7, 49–50 the unconscious, 280 Teddy Boys, 28–29 unmarked/contingent poetry, 229–30, 233–7 Temple, John, 77, 78, 80 unmarked/continuous and coherent poetry, “Wide Sidewalks of Cortez,” 76–7 229–33, 275, 310 Ten North-East Poets (Astley), 289 urban violence, 199, 220, 222–3 textbooks, 46–49 Thatcher, Margaret, 31–5, 219 A Various Art (Crozier and Longville), 234–5, Theocritus, 110, 121, 132 290, 291 Idylls, 110, 132 verse Third Way, 36 blank verse, 16 Thomas, Dylan equation with poetry, 47 anthologized, 280 free verse, 6, 55, 59, 61, 71 elegy, 108–9 “secret narrative” verse, 287 “Fern Hill,” 132–5, 147, 152, 280 slim volumes of, 188, 215–25 georgic tradition, 134 stanzaic verse, 52–3, 61, 71 landscape tradition, 134 Vietnam War, 79 Movement poets and, 230 violence pastoral poetry, 132–5 1930s, 204 poetry readings by, 306 Achilles’ shield, 122 “A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of Belfast, 142 a Child in London,” 108–9 Britain, 21, 26, 29, 95 Romantic poets, 134 British colonies, 21, 25, 155 Thomas, Edward, 281 British Empire, 174 Thomas, R.S., 54, 136–8 ekphrasis (figurative language), 124 “A Peasant,” 137 epochal violence, 283 “Reservoirs,” 136 frequency of reference to, 284 The Stories of the Field, 137 immigrant communities, 252–5 Thompson, E. P., 97 Northern Ireland, 24, 30, 36, 100, 102–4, Thurston, Michael, 3, 92, 181, 210 114 Thwaite, Anthony, 277 pre-Civil War America, 274 Times Educational Supplement, 289 slavery, 271 Tomlinson, Charles, 55, 58, 128–9 sonnet form, 106 “Cezanne at Aix,” 128 urban violence, 199, 220, 222–3 “Snapshot,” 128–9 Vietnam War, 79 Towards Racial Justice, 74 working-class mob, 98 Transition (journal), 299 Zimbabwean history, 302 “transliteral morphing” of texts, 310 Virgil, 134, 210 Treece, Henry, 278, 280 Aeneid, 210 tropes, 88, 118–21, 124, 136 see also Georgics, 134 metaphor; metonymy; simile; Voices of Our Kind (Scott), 289 synecdoche “volta,” 89, 90 the “Troubles,” 25, 30, 36, 114 Tuma, Keith, 278–9 Wain, John, 81, 230 Turbridy, David, 223 Wake Forest University Press, 63 Turnbull, John, 78 Walcott, Derek, 177–85 Turner, J.M.W., 115, 248 Abani, Chris, 301 2RI (magazine), 78 Africa, 180, 182 typewriter poems, 72 anthologized, 12–13, 48 typographic experimentation, 304 as “British” poet, 12 Tyrone, Northern Ireland, 170–171 Caribbean writers, 178

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Walcott, Derek (cont’d) “fat black woman” poems, 244–5 colonial education system, 297–8 the female “I,” 265 Dante Alighieri, 184 institutional support for, 60 “A Far Cry from Africa,” 154–5 irony, 238, 247–8 Jamaican dialect, 272 male subject/female object relationship, Kenya, 154–5 240 Midsummer, 301 marked/contingent poetry, 262–70 “The Muse of History,” 178 marked/continuous and coherent poetry, Nobel Prize for Literature, 8 237–49 Omeros, 154, 156–7, 164–5, 177–85 postwar British poetry, 60 poetry of place, 154–7 subject and subjectivity, 228, 237–49, St. Lucia (island), 154, 156–7, 179, 181–3 262–70 Shakespearean tradition, 183 women’s experience as subject matter, Wales 238–40 “Acts of Union,” 11 Woolf, Virginia, 6 devolution, 11, 33, 36 Wordsworth, William “Fern Hill” (Thomas), 135 “The Old Cumberland Beggar,” 136 nationalist parties, 33 pastoral poetry, 132 poetry of place, 157–8 poetry of place, 136, 144–6, 151 subjugation of, 11 The Prelude, 189–90 Walker, Kara, 274 The Recluse, 186 Wanting, William, 54 “The Ruined Cottage,” 136 Waterhouse, Keith, 27 “Simon Lee,” 137–8 Waters, John, 220 “Tintern Abbey,” 136, 144–6, 151 Watkins, Vernon, 280 Worpole, Ken, 286 WEB Women Writers’ Group, 74 Wright, Luke, 308 Welsh Books Council, 64 Writers and the Arts Council (Arts Council of Welsh language, 11 Ireland), 66 Welsh Nationalists, 11 Writers Forum, 71–3 Welsh poetry, 135 Wyatt, Thomas, 89 Welsh poets, 61 Welsh publishers, 64 Yeats, William Butler Welshness, 114–15 anthologized, 48 Wheatley, David, 63 “Easter 1916,” 112 Wheatley, Phyllis, 249 “The Lake Isle of Innisfree,” 197 White, Eric Walter, 66 “Leda and the Swan,” 103 The White Horseman: Prose and Verse of the modernism, 6, 281 New Apocalypse (Hendry and Treece), Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892–1935, 278, 280 278 Williams, Raymond, 19, 44, 46 “A Prayer for My Daughter,” 232, Williams, William Carlos, 48, 77, 197, 246 238 Paterson, 197 “Sailing to Byzantium,” 146 Wilson, Harold, 28, 31, 33 “Wild Swans of Coole,” 146 Winter of Discontent (1978-1979), 31–2 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 263 Zephaniah, Benjamin, 272 Wolpe, Berthold, 51 Zimbabwean Anglophone poets, 302 women poets, 237–49, 262–70 Zimunya, Musaemura, 302 anthologies of, 289–90 “Arrivants,” 302 “expressive mode,” 237–8, 293 Zukofsky, Louis, 197–8

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