The Longman Anthology of British Literature Third Edition
David Damrosch and Kevin J. H. Dettmar General Editors
VOLUME TWO
THE ROMANTICS AND THEIR CONTEMPORARIES Susan Wolfson and Peter Manning
THE VICTORIAN AGE Heather Henderson and William Sharpe
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Kevin J. H. Dettmar and Jennifer Wicke
New York San Francisco Boston London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal CONTENTS
List of Illustrations xxxix Additional Audio and Online Resources xlv Preface xlvii Acknowledgments Iv
The Romantics and Their Contemporaries 3
PERSPECTIVES -£^ ' The Sublime, the Beautiful, and the Picturesque 30 EDMUND BURKE 33 from A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful 33 WILLIAM GILPIN 40 from Three Essays on Picturesque Beauty, on Picturesque Travel, and on Sketching Landscape 41 MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 46 from A Vindication of the Rights of Men 47 JANE AUSTEN 48 from Pride and Prejudice 48 from Northanger Abbey 49 MARIA JANE JEWSBURY 51 A Rural Excursion 51 IMMANUEL KANT 56 from The Critique of Judgement 56 JOHN RUSKIN 59 from Modern Painters 59
ANNA LETITIA BARBAULD 63 The Mouse's Petition to Dr. Priestley 63 On a Lady's Writing 65 Inscription for an Ice-House 65 To a Little Invisible Being Who Is Expected Soon to Become Visible 66 To the Poor 61 Contents
Washing-Day 61 Eighteen Hundred and Eleven 69
RESPONSE John Wilson Croker: from A Review of Eighteen Hundred and Eleven 78 The First Fire 79 On the Death of the Princess Charlotte 81
CHARLOTTE SMITH 82
ELEGIAC SONNETS AND OTHER POEMS 83 To the Moon 83 "Sighing I see yon little troop at play" 83 • To melancholy. Written on the banks of the Arun October, 1785 85 Far on the sands 85 To tranquillity 86 Written in the church-yard at Middleton in Sussex 86 On being cautioned against walking on an headland overlooking the sea 87 The sea view 87 The Dead Beggar 88
from Beachy Head 89
PERSPECTIVES^"— ' The Rights of Man and the Revolution Controversy 92 HELEN MARIA WILLIAMS 92 ... from Letters Written in France, in the Summer of 1790 , 93 . from Letters from France 97 EDMUND BURKE 103 from Reflections on the Revolution in France 1.03 MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 112 from A Vindication of the Rights of Men 113 Letter to Joseph Johnson, from Paris, December 27, 1792 121 THOMAS PAINE 121 from The Rights of Man 122 WILLIAM GODWIN 128 from An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness 128 THE ANTI-JACOBIN, OR WEEKLY EXAMINER 133 The Friend of Humanity and the Knife-Grinder 134 The Widow 134 ' . HANNAH MORE 137 Village Politics 138 Contents vii
ARTHUR YOUNG 145 from Travels in France During the Years 1787-1788, and 1789 145 from The Example of France, a Warning to Britain 147
WILLIAM BLAKE 150 All Religions Are One 152 There Is No Natural Religion [a] 154 There Is No Natural Religion [b] 155 SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE 158 from Songs of Innocence 158 Introduction 158 The Shepherd 158 The Ecchoing Green 158 The Lamb 159 The Little Black Boy 160 The Blossom 161 The Chimney Sweeper 161 The Little Boy lost 162 The Little Boy found 163 The Divine Image 163 HOLY THURSDAY 164 Nurses Song 164 Infant Joy 165 A Dream 165 On Anothers Sorrow 166
rtss« COMPANION READING Charles Lamb: from The Praise of Chimney-Sweepers 167 from Songs of Experience 169 Introduction 169 EARTH'S Answer 169 The CLOD & the PEBBLE 170 HOLY THURSDAY 170 The Little Girl Lost 171 The Little Girl Found 172 THE Chimney Sweeper 174 NURSES Song 174 The SICK ROSE 174 THE FLY 176 The Angel 176 The Tyger 177 My Pretty ROSE TREE 178 AH! SUN-FLOWER 178 The GARDEN of LOVE 178 Contents
LONDON 179 The Human Abstract 179 INFANT SORROW 180 A Little BOY Lost 180 A Little GIRL Lost 181 The School-Boy 182 A DIVINE IMAGE 183
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 183 Visions of the Daughters of Albion 197 LETTERS 204 To Dr. John Trusler (23 August 1799) 204 To Thomas Butts (22 November 1802) 206
PERSPECTIVES The Abolition of Slavery and the Slave Trade 209
OLAUDAH EQUIANO 210 from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano 211 MARY PRINCE 219 from The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave 220 THOMAS BELLAMY 224 The Benevolent Planters 224 JOHN NEWTON 230 Amazing Grace! 231 ANN CROMARTIE YEARSLEY 231 - from A Poem on the Inhumanity of the Slave-Trade 232 WILLIAM COWPER 236 Sweet Meat Has Sour Sauce 237 ' • The Negro's Complaint 238 HANNAH MORE AND EAGLESFIELD SMITH 239 The Sorrows of Yamba 240 ROBERT SOUTHEY 244 from Poems Concerning the Slave Trade 245 DOROTHY WORDSWORTH 250 from The Grasmere Journals 250 THOMAS CLARKSON 250 from The History of the Rise, Progress, & Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament 251 WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 259 To Toussaint L'Ouverture 259 To Thomas Clarkson 260 from The Prelude 260 from Humanity 261 Letter to Mary Ann Rawson (May 1833) 262 Contents i:
THE EDINBURGH REVIEW 262 from Abstract of the Information laid on the Table of the House of Commons, on the Subject of the Slave Trade 263 GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON 265 /rom-Detached Thoughts 265
MARY ROBINSON 266 Ode to Beauty 267 January, 1795 268 from Sappho and Phaon, in a Series of Legitimate Sonnets 269 III. The Bower of Pleasure 270 IV. Sappho discovers her Passion 270 VII. Invokes Reason 270 XI. Rejects the Influence of Reason 271 XII. .Previous to her Interview with Phaon 271 XVIII. To Phaon 271 XXX. Bids farewell to Lesbos 272 XXXVII. Foresees her Death 272 The Camp 272 The Haunted Beach 274 London's Summer Morning 275 The Old Beggar 277
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 279 A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 281 from To M. Talleyrand-Perigord, Late Bishop of Autun 281 Introduction 283 from Chapter 1. The Rights and Involved Duties of Mankind Considered 286 from Chapter 2. The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character Discussed 288 from Chapter 3- The Same Subject Continued 297 from Chapter 5. Animadversions on Some of the Writers Who Have Rendered Women Objects of Pity, Bordering on Contempt 301 from Chapter 13. Some Instances of the Folly Which the Ignorance of Women Generates; with Concluding Reflections on the Moral Improvement That a Revolution in Female Manners Might Naturally Be Expected to Produce 301 from The Wrongs of Woman; or Maria 303
RESPONSES Anna Letitia Barbauld, The Rights of Woman 315 Ann Yearsley, The Indifferent Shepherdess to Colin 316 Robert Southey, To Mary Wolstoncraft 317 William Blake, from Mary 318 *<*- PERSPECTIVES -}>* ' The Wollstonecraft Controversy and the Rights of Women 319 CATHARINE MACAULAY 319 from Letters on Education 320 RICHARD POLWHELE 322 from The Unsex'd Females 323 PRISCILLA BELL WAKEFIELD 327 from Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex 328 MARY ANNE RADCLIFFE 331 from The Female Advocate 332 HANNAH MORE 338 from Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education 339 MARY LAMB 344 Letter to The British Lady's Magazine 345 WILLIAM THOMPSON AND ANNA WHEELER 349 from Appeal of One Half the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men, to Retain Them in Political, and Thence in Civil and Domestic Slavery 350 JOANNA BAILLIE 356 Plays on the Passions 357 . from Introductory Discourse 357 London 362 A Mother to Her Waking Infant 363 A Child to His Sick Grandfather 364 Thunder 365 Song: Woo'd and Married and A' 367 LITERARY BALLADS 368 RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY 369 Sir Patrick Spence 370 ROBERT BURNS 371 To a Mouse 372 To a Louse 373 Flow gently, sweet Afton 374 Ae fond kiss 375 Comin' Thro' the Rye (1) 375 Comin' Thro' the Rye (2) 376 Scots, wha hae wi' Wallace bled 377 Is there for honest poverty 377 Contents xi «»» RESPONSE Charlotte Smith, To the shade of Burns 379 «so. A Red, Red Rose 379 Auld Lang Syne 380 The Fornicator. A New Song 381 SIR WALTER SCOTT 382 Lord Randal 382 THOMAS MOORE 383 The harp that once through Tara's halls 383 Believe me, if all those endearing young charms 384 The time I've lost in wooing 384 WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 385 LYRICAL BALLADS 387 Simon Lee 387 Anecdote for Fathers 390 We are seven 391 lines written in early spring 393 The Thorn 394 Note to The Thorn 400 Expostulation and Reply 401 The Tables Turned 402 Old Man Travelling 403 Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey 404 LYRICAL BALLADS (1800, 1802) 408 from Preface 408 [The Principal Object of the Poems. Humble and Rustic Life] 409 ["The Spontaneous Overflow of Powerful Feelings"] 410 [The Language of Poetry] 411 [What is a Poet?] 414 [The Function of Metre] 417 ["Emotion Recollected in Tranquillity"] 418 "There was a Boy" 421 "Strange fits of passion have I known" 421 Song ("She dwelt among th' untrodden ways") 422 "A slumber did my spirit seal" 423 Lucy Gray 423 Poor Susan 425 Nutting 425 "Three years she grew in sun and shower" 427 Contents The Old Cumberland Beggar 428 Michael 433 <*»» RESPONSES Francis Jeffrey: ["the new poetry"] 443 Charles Lamb: from a letter to William Wordsworth 447 Charles Lamb: from a letter to Thomas Manning 448 SONNETS, 1802-1807 449 Prefatory Sonnet ("Nuns fret not at their Convent's narrow room") 449 Composed upon Westminster Bridge, Sept. 3, 1802 450 "The world is too much with us" 450 "It is a beauteous Evening" 450 "I griev'd for Buonaparte" 451 London, 1802 451 from THE PRELUDE, OR GROWTH OF A POET'S MIND 452 Book First. Introduction, Childhood, and School time 453 from Book Second. School time continued 468 [Two Consciousnesses] 468 [Blessed Infant Babe] 468 from Book Fourth. Summer Vacation 470 [A Simile for Autobiography] 470 [Encounter with a "Dismissed" Soldier] 471 from Book Fifth. Books 474 [Meditation on Books. The Dream of the Arab] 474 [A Drowning in Esthwaite's Lake] 477 ["The Mystery of Words"] 478 from Book Sixth. Cambridge, and the Alps 478 [The Pleasure of Geometric Science] 478 [Arrival in France] 480 [Travelling in the Alps. Simplon Pass] 482 from Book Seventh. Residence in London 485 [A Blind Beggar. Bartholomew Fair] 485 • from Book Ninth. Residence in France 489 [Paris] 489 " [Revolution, Royalists, and Patriots] 493 from Book Tenth. Residence in France and French Revolution 495 [The Reign of Terror. Confusion. Return to England] 495 [Further Events in France] 498 [The Death of Robespierre and Renewed Optimism] 500 [Britain Declares War on France. The Rise of Napoleon and Imperialist France] 502 from The Prelude 1850 504 [Apostrophe to Edmund Burke] 504 from Book Eleventh. Imagination, How Impaired and Restored 505 [Imagination Restored by Nature] 505 ["Spots of Time." Two Memories from Childhood and Later Reflections] 506 Contents xiii from Book Thirteenth. Conclusion 510 [Climbing Mount Snowdon. Moonlit Vista. Meditation on "Mind," "Self," "Imagination," "Fear," and "Love"] 510 [Concluding Retrospect and Prophecy] 515 «ss« RESPONSE Lewis Carroll: Upon the Lonely Moor 524 «» RESPONSE Mary Shelley: On Reading Wordsworth's Lines on Peele Castle 535 ^^ Surprized by joy 536 Scorn not the Sonnet 537 Extempore Effusion upon the Death of James Hogg 537 DOROTHY WORDSWORTH 538 Grasmere—A Fragment 540 Address to a Child 542 Irregular Verses 543 Floating Island 546 Lines Intended for My Niece's Album 547 Thoughts on My Sick-bed 548 When Shall I Tread Your Garden Path? 549 Lines Written (Rather Say Begun) on the Morning of Sunday April 6th 550 from The Grasmere Journals 551 [Home Alone] 551 [A Leech Gatherer] 552 [A Woman Beggar] 553 [An Old Soldier] 553 [The Grasmere Mailman] 554 [A Vision of the Moon] 554 [A Field of Daffodils] 555 ' [A Beggar Woman from Cockermouth] 555 [The Circumstances of "Composed upon Westminster Bridge"] 556 [The Circumstances of "It is a beauteous Evening"] 556 [The Household in Winter, with William's New Wife. Gingerbread] 557 xiv Contents LETTERS 557 To Jane Pollard [A Scheme of Happiness] 557 To Lady Beaumont [A Gloomy Christmas] 558 To Lady Beaumont [Her Poetry, William's Poetry] 560 To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [Household Labors] 561 To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [A Prospect of Publishing] 562 To William Johnson [Mountain-Climbing with a Woman] 562 to©* RESPONSES Samuel Taylor Coleridge: from a letter to Joseph Cottle 565 Thomas De Quincey: from Recollections of the Lake Poets 566 «se» SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE 570 Sonnet to the River Otter 571 ns©» COMPANION READING : William Lisle Bowles: To the River Itchin, Near Winton 572 The Eolian Harp 572 This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison 574 Frost at Midnight 576 from The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere (1798) 578 Part 1 578 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1817) 580 ' «3sw COMPANION READINGS William Cowper: The Castaway 596 Samuel Taylor Coleridge: from Table Talk 597 rts-e* RESPONSE Mary Robinson: To the Poet Coleridge 6l6 The Pains of Sleep 618 Dejection: An Ode 619 LETTERS 623 To William Godwin 623 To Thomas Poole 624 On Donne's Poetry 625 Work Without Hope 625 Constancy to an Ideal Object 626 Epitaph 626 from The Statesman's Manual 627 [Symbol and Allegory] 627 from The Friend 627 [Reflections of Fire] .627 Contents xv Biographia Literaria 628 Chapter 4 629 [Wordsworth's Earlier Poetry] 629 Chapter 11 630 -[The Profession of Literature] 630 Chapter 13 631 [Imagination and Fancy] 631 Chapter 14 634 [Occasion of the Lyrical Ballads—Preface to the Second Edition—The Ensuing Controversy] 634 [Philosophic Definitions of a Poem and Poetry] 636 Chapter 17 637 [Examination of the Tenets Peculiar to Mr. Wordsworth. Rustic Life and Poetic Language] 637 Chapter 22 640 [Defects ofWordsworth's Poetry] 640 from Lectures on Shakespeare 641 [Mechanic vs. Organic Form] 641 [The Character of Hamlet] 642 [Stage Illusion and the Willing Suspension of Disbelief] 643 [Shakespeare's Images] 644 [Othello] 645 H COLERIDGE'S "LECTURES" AND THEIR TIME Shakespeare in the Nineteenth Century 646 Charles Lamb [and Mary Lamb] Preface to Tales from Shakespear 647 Charles Lamb from On the Tragedies of Shakspeare 648 William Hazlitt horn Lectures on the English Poets 651 • The Charac- ters of Shakespeare's Plays 652 Thomas De Quincey On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth 652 HI GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON 656 She walks in beauty 658 So, we'll go no more a-roving 659 Manfred 659 H "MANFRED" AND ITS TIME The Byronic Hero 695 Byron's Earlier Heroes from The Giaour 696 • from The Corsair 697 from Lara 697 • Prometheus 698 • from Childe Harold's Pilgrim- age, Canto the Third [Napoleon Buonaparte] 699 Samuel Taylor Coleridge from The Statesman's Manual ["Satanic Pride and Rebellious Self-Idolatry"] 701 Caroline Lamb from Glenarvon 702 Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley from Frankenstein; or The Modem Prometheus 704 xvi Contents Felicia Hemans from The Widow of Crescentius 706 Percy Bysshe Shelley {torn Preface to Prometheus Unbound 707 'from Prometheus Unbound, Act 1 707 Robert Southey from Preface to A Vision of Judgement 709 George Gordon, Lord Byron from The Vision of Judgment 710 W^ CHILDE HAROLD'S PILGRIMAGE 711 from Canto the Third 711 [Waterloo Fields] 711 [Thunderstorm in the Alps] 716 [Byron's Strained Idealism. Apostrophe to His Daughter] 717 from Canto the Fourth 719 [Rome. Political Hopes] 719 [The Coliseum. The Dying Gladiator] 721 [Apostrophe to the Ocean. Conclusion] 723 rts&» RESPONSES John Wilson: from a review of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage 725 John Scott: [Lord Byron's Creations] 726 n9©» DON JUAN 727 . Dedication 728 Canto 1 732 from Canto 2 [Shipwreck. Juan and Haidee] 779 from Canto 3 [Juan and Haidee. The Poet for Hire] 795 from Canto 7 [Critique of Military "Glory"] 804 from Canto 11 [Juan in England] 805 Stanzas ("When a man hath no freedom to fight for at home") 808 On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year 808 LETTERS 809 To Thomas Moore [On Childe Harold Canto III] (28 January 1817) 809 To John Murray [On Don Juan] (6 April 1819) 810 To John Murray [On Don Juan] (12 August 1819) 811 To Douglas Kinnaird [On Don Juan] (26 October 1819) 812 To John Murray [On Don Juan] (16 February 1821) 814 PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 814 To Wordsworth 816 Mont Blanc 817 Hymn to Intellectual Beauty 821 Ozymandias 823 Sonnet: Lift not the painted veil 823 Sonnet: England in 1819 824 The Mask of Anarchy 824 Ode to the West Wind 835 To a Sky-Lark 837 Contents RESPONSE Thomas Hardy: Shelley's Skylark 839 To—("Music, when soft voices die") 840 Adonais 841 RESPONSES George Gordon, Lord Byron: from Don Juan 856 George Gordon, Lord Byron: letter to Percy Bysshe Shelley (26 April 1821) 857 George Gordon, Lord Byron: letter to John Murray (30 July 1821) 857 The Cloud 858 from Hellas 860 Chorus ("Worlds on •worlds are rolling ever") 860 Chorus ("The world's great age begins anew") 862 With a Guitar, to Jane 863 To Jane ("The keen stars") 866 from A Defence of Poetry 867 FELICIA HEMANS 877 from TALES, AND HISTORIC SCENES, IN VERSE 878 The Wife of Asdrubal 878 The Last Banquet of Antony and Cleopatra 880 ' Evening Prayer, at a Girls' School 884 Casabianca 886 from RECORDS OF WOMAN 887 The Bride of the Greek Isle 887 Properzia Rossi 892 Indian Woman's Death-Song 896 Joan of Arc, in Rheims 897 The Homes of England 900 The Graves of a Household 901 Corinne at the Capitol 902 Woman and Fame 903 JOHN CLARE 908 Written in November (manuscript) 909 Written in November 910 Songs Eternity 910 [The Lament of Swordy Well] 912 [The Mouse's Nest] 916 xviii Contents Clock a Clay 917 "I Am" 917 The Mores 918 JOHN KEATS 920 ON FIRST LOOKING INTO CHAPMAN'S HOMER 922 Young Poets 923 On First Looking into Chapman's Homer. 924 eocw RESPONSES John Gibson Lockhart: from On the Cockney School of Poetry 929 John Gibson Lockhart: from The Cockney School of Poetry no. IV 932 On Seeing the Elgin Marbles 934 On sitting down to read King Lear once again 934 Sonnet: When I have fears 935 The Eve of St. Agnes 935 La Belle Dame sans Mercy 946 Letter text: La Belle Dame sans Merci Indicator preface 948 Incipit altera Sonneta ("If by dull rhymes") 950 THE ODES OF 1819 950 Ode to Psyche 951 Ode to a Nightingale 953 Ode on a Grecian Urn 955 Ode on Indolence 957 Ode on Melancholy 959 To Autumn 960 LAMIA 961 The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream 978 This living hand 991 Bright Star 991 LETTERS 992 To Benjamin Bailey ["The truth of Imagination"] 992 To George and Thomas Keats ["Intensity" and "Negative Capability"] 993 To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth and "The Whims of an Egotist"] 994 Contents xix To John Taylor ["a few axioms"] 995 To Benjamin Bailey ["Ardent Pursuit"] 995 To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth, Milton, and "Dark Passages"] 996 To Benjamin Bailey ["I have not a right feeling towards Women"] 999 To Richard Woodhouse [The "Camelion Poet" vs. The "Egotistical Sub- lime"] 999 To George and Georgiana Keats ["indolence," "poetry" vs. "philosophy," the "vale of Soul-Making"] 1001 To Fanny Brawne ["You Take Possession of Me"] 1005 To Percy Bysshe Shelley ["An Artist Must Serve Mammon"] 1006 To Charles Brown [Keats's Last Letter] 1007 <- SIR WALTER SCOTT 1010 Introduction to Tales of My Landlord 1011 CHARLES LAMB 1015 Oxford in the Vacation- 1016 Dream Children 1020 Old China 1022 WILLIAM HAZLITT 1026 On Gusto 1027 My First. Acquaintance with Poets 1029 THOMAS DE QUINCEY 1042 from Confessions of an English Opium-Eater 1043 ["What is it that we mean by literature?"] 1071 JANE AUSTEN 1073 from Northanger Abbey: Chapter 1 1074 MARIA JANE JEWSBURY 1077 The Young Author 1078 . WILLIAM COBBETT 1082 from Rural Rides 1083 MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY 1085 The Swiss Peasant 1086 The Victorian Age 1099 THOMAS CARLYLE 1123 Past and Present 1125 Midas [The Condition of England] 1125 from Gospel of Mammonism [The Irish Widow] 1128 from Labour [Know Thy Work] 1129 from Democracy [Liberty to Die by Starvation] 1130 Captains of Industry 1132 Contents 1 ^-PERSPECTIVES -!>•«• The Industrial Landscape 1137 THE STEAM LOOM WEAVER 1139 FANNY-KEMBLE 1140 from Record of a Girlhood 1140 THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1141 from A Review of Southey's Colloquies 1142 PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS ("BLUE BOOKS") 1143 Testimony of Hannah Goode, a Child Textile Worker 1144 Testimony of Ann and Elizabeth Eggley, Child Mineworkers 1144 CHARLES DICKENS 1146 from Dombey and Son 1146 from Hard Times 1147 BENJAMIN DISRAELI 1149 from Sybil 1149 FRIEDRICH ENGELS 1150 from The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 1150 HENRY MAYHEW 1158 from London Labour and the London Poor 1158 JOHN STUART MILL 1164 On Liberty 1165 from Chapter 2. Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion 1165 from Chapter 3. Of Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-Being 1168 The Subjection of Women 1176 from Chapter 1 1176 Statement Repudiating the Rights of Husbands 1185 Autobiography 1186 from Chapter 1. Childhood, and Early Education 1186 from Chapter 5. A Crisis in My Mental History. One Stage Onward 1189 ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING 1196 To George Sand: A Desire 1198 To George Sand: A Recognition 1198 A Year's Spinning 1199 Sonnets from the Portuguese 1200 1 ("I thought once how Theocritus had sung") 1200 13 ("And wilt thou have me fashion into speech") 1200 14 ("If thou must love me, let it be for nought") 1200 21 ("Say over again, and yet once over again") 1201 22 ("When our two souls stand up erect and strong") 1201 24 ("Let the world's sharpness, like a clasping knife") 1201 28 ("My letters! all dead paper, mute and white!") 1202 32 ("The first time that the sun rose on thine oath") 1202 Contents xxi 38 ("First time he kissed me, he but only kissed") 1203 43 ("How do I love thee? Let me count the ways") 1203 Aurora Leigh 1203 Book 1 1203 -[Self-Portrait] 1203 [Her Mother's Portrait] 1206 [Aurora's Education] 1207 [Discovery of Poetry] 1211 Book 2 1212 [Woman and Artist] 1212 [No Female Christ] 1215 [Aurora's Rejection of Romney] 1216 Book 3 1221 [The Woman Writer in London] 1221 Book 5 1224 . • [Epic Art and Modern Life] 1224 from A Curse for a Nation 1227 A Musical Instrument 1228 The Best Thing in the World 1229 ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON 1230 The Kraken 1233 Mariana 1233 The Lady of Shalott 1235 The Lotos-Eaters 1240 Ulysses 1244 Tithonus 1246 Break, Break, Break 1248 The Epic [Morte d'Arthur] 1248 The Eagle: A Fragment 1250 LocksleyHall 1250 THE PRINCESS 1256 Sweet and Low 1256 The Splendour Falls 1256 Tears, Idle Tears 1257 Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal 1257 Come Down, O Maid 1258 [The Woman's Cause Is Man's] 1259 from In Memoriam A. H. H. 1260 The Charge of the Light Brigade 1291 Idylls of the King 1293 The Coming of Arthur 1293 Pelleas and Ettarre 1303 The Passing of Arthur 1316 The Higher Pantheism 1327 Contents RESPONSE Algernon Charles Swinburne: The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell 1328 Flower in the Crannied Wall 1329 Crossing the Bar 1329 EDWARD FITZGERALD 1330 The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam of Naishapur 1331 CHARLES DARWIN 1345 The Voyage of the Beagle 1347 from Chapter 10. Tierra Del Fuego 1347 from Chapter 17. Galapagos Archipelago 1354 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 1357 from Chapter 3. Struggle for Existence 1357 The Descent of Man 1362 from Chapter 21. General Summary and Conclusion 1362 from Autobiography 1368 PERSPECTIVES -^ ' Religion and Science 1376 THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1377 from Lord Bacon 1377 CHARLES DICKENS 1378 from Sunday Under Three Heads 1378 DAVID FRIEDRICH STRAUSS 1379 from The Life of Jesus Critically Examined 1379 CHARLOTTE BRONTE 1384 from Jane Eyre 1384 ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH 1386 Epi-strauss-ium 1386 The Latest Decalogue 1387 from Dipsychus 1387 JOHN WILLIAM COLENSO 1388 from The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined 1389 JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1390 from Apologia Pro Vita Sua 1391 THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY 1398 from Evolution and Ethics 1398 SIR EDMUND GOSSE 1403 I from Father and Son 1404 ROBERT BROWNING 1408 Porphyria's Lover 1411 Contents xxiii Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 1413 My Last Duchess 1415 How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix 1416 Home-Thoughts, from Abroad 1418 Home-Thoughts, from the Sea 1418 The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church 1419 Meeting at Night 1422 Parting at Morning 1422 A Toccata of Galuppi's 1422 Memorabilia 1424 Love Among the Ruins 1425 "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" 1427 rtssu RESPONSE Stevie Smith: Childe Rolandine 1432 <-ee« Fra Lippo Lippi 1433 The Last Ride Together 1442 Andrea del Sarto 1445 Two in the Campagna 1451 A Woman's Last Word 1453 Caliban Upon Setebos 1454 Epilogue to Asolando 1461 CHARLES DICKENS 1462 A Christmas Carol 1464 from A Walk in a Workhouse 1513 COMPANION READINGS Dickens at Work: Recollections by His Children and Friends 1518 Kate Field: Dickens Giving a Reading of A Christmas Carol 1520 POPULAR SHORT FICTION 1521 ELIZABETH GASKELL 1522 Our Society at Cranford 1522 THOMAS HARDY 1537 The Withered Arm 1538 . SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE 1556 A Scandal in Bohemia 1557 RESPONSE Jamyang Norbu: A Pukka Villain, from Sherlock Holmes: The Missing Years 1572 rt^ xxiv Contents JOHN RUSKIN 1577 Modern Painters 1578 from Definition of Greatness in Art 1578 from Of Water, As Painted by Turner 1579 The Stones of Venice 1580 from The Nature of Gothic 1580 from Modern Manufacture and Design 1590 The Storm-Cloud of the Nineteenth Century 1593 Praeterita 1599 Preface 1599 from The Springs of Wandel 1599 from Herne-Hill Almond Blossoms 1601 from Schaffhausen and Milan 1603 from The Grande Chartreuse 1605 from Joanna's Care 1606 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 1607 Cassandra 1608 PERSPECTIVES -}>*' Victorian Ladies and Gentlemen 1626 FRANCES POWER COBBE 1628 from Life of Frances Power Cobbe As Told by Herself 1628 SARAH STICKNEY ELLIS 1632 from The Women of England: Their Social Duties and Domestic Habits 1632 CHARLOTTE BRONTE 1635 from Letter to Emily Bronte 1635 ANNE BRONTE 1636 from Agnes Grey 1367 JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1638 from The Idea of a University 1638 CAROLINE NORTON 1639 from A Letter to the Queen 1640 GEORGE ELIOT 1642 Margaret Fuller and Mary Wollstonecraft 1642 THOMAS HUGHES 1647 from Tom Brown's School Days 1647 ISABELLA BEETON 1649 from The Book of Household Management 1649 QUEEN VICTORIA 1651 Letters and Journal Entries on the Position of Women 1651 SIR HENRY NEWBOLT 1656 Vitai Lampada 1656 Contents xxv MATTHEW ARNOLD 1657 Isolation. To Marguerite 1660 To Marguerite—Continued 1661 Dover Beach 1662 «3cw RESPONSE • Anthony Hecht: The Dover Bitch 1663 ^sew Lines Written in Kensington Gardens 1664 The Buried Life 1665 Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse 1667 The Scholar-Gipsy 1672 East London 1678 West London 1679 Thyrsis 1679 from The Function of Criticism at the Present Time 1685 Culture and Anarchy 1695 from Sweetness and Light 1695 from Doing as One Likes 1697 from Hebraism and Hellenism 1701 from Porro Unum Est Necessarium 1702 from Conclusion 1704 from The Study of Poetry 1705 DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI 1712 The Blessed Damozel 1713 The Woodspurge 1716 The House of Life 1717 The Sonnet 1717 4. Lovesight 1717 6. The Kiss 1718 Nuptial Sleep 1718 The Burden of Nineveh 1719 CHRISTINA ROSSETTI 1723 Song ("She sat and sang alway") 1725 Song ("When I am dead, my dearest") 1725 Remember 1726 After Death 1726 A Pause 1726 Echo 1727 Dead Before Death 1727 Cobwebs 1728 A Triad 1728 In an Artist's Studio 1728 A Birthday 1729 xxvi Contents An Apple-Gathering 1729 Winter: My Secret 1730 Up-Hill 1731 Goblin Market 1731 "No, Thank You, John" 1744 Promises Like Pie-Crust 1745 In Progress 1745 What Would I Give? 1746 A Life's Parallels 1746 Later Life 1746 17 ("Something this foggy day, a something which") 1746 Sleeping at Last 1747 WILLIAM MORRIS 1747 The Defence of Guenevere 1748 The Haystack in the Floods 1756 from The Beauty of Life 1760 ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE 1766 The Leper 1767 The Triumph of Time 1771 " I Will Go Back to the Great Sweet Mother 1771 Hymn to Proserpine 1772 A Forsaken Garden 1775 WALTER PATER 1777 from The Renaissance 1778 Preface 1778 from Leonardo da Vinci 1781 Conclusion 1782 from The Child in the House 1785 GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS 1791 God's Grandeur 1792 The Starlight Night 1793 Spring 1793 The Windhover 1794 Pied Beauty 1794 Hurrahing in Harvest 1795 Binsey Poplars 1795 Duns Scotus's Oxford 1796 Felix Randal 1796 Spring and Fall: to a young child 1797 Contents xxvii As Kingfishers Catch Fire 1797 [Carrion Comfort] 1798 No Worst, There Is None 1798 I Wake and Feel the Fell of Dark, Not Day 1798 That Nature Is a HeracUtean Fire and of the Comfort of the Resurrection 1799 Thou Art Indeed Just, Lord 1800 from Journal [On "Inscape" and "Instress"] 1800 from Letter to R. W. Dixon [On Sprung Rhythm] 1802 LEWIS CARROLL ,' 1803 from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 1805 Chapter 1. Down the Rabbit-Hole 1805 ' from Chapter 2. The Pool of Tears 1808 You are old, Father William 1810 The Lobster-Quadrille 1811 from Through the Looking Glass 1811 Child of the pure unclouded brow 1811 Jabberwocky 1812 [Humpty Dumpty on Jabberwocky] 1813 The Walrus and the Carpenter 1814 The White Knight's Song 1817 PERSPECTIVES -}>* ' Imagining Childhood 1819 CHARLES DARWIN 1823 from A Biographical Sketch of an Infant 1823 MORAL VERSES 1826 Table Rules for Little Folks 1826 Eliza Cook: The Mouse and the Cake 1827 Heinrich Hoffmann: The Story of Augustus who would Not have any Soup 1827 Thomas Miller: The Watercress Seller 1828 William Miller: Willie Winkie 1829 EDWARD LEAR 1829 [Selected Limericks] 1830 The Owl and the Pussy-Cat 1832 Thejumblies 1833 How pleasant to know Mr. Lear! 1835 CHRISTINA ROSSETTI 1836 from Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme Book 1837 ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON 1840 from A Child's Garden of Verses 1841 HILAIRE BELLOC 1845 from The Bad Child's Book of Beasts 1845 from Cautionary Tales for Children 1847 xxviii Contents BEATRIX POTTER 1848 The Tale of Peter Rabbit 1849 DAISY ASHFORD 1850 from The Young Visiters; or, Mr Salteena's Plan 1851 RUDYARD KIPLING 1858 Without Benefit of Clergy I860 from JUST SO STORIES 1874 How the Whale Got His Throat 1874 How the Camel Got His Hump 1876 How the Leopard Got His Spots 1878 Gunga Din 1882 The Widow at Windsor 1884 Recessional 1885 If— 1886 PERSPECTIVES Travel and Empire 1888 FRANCES TROLLOPE 1890 from Domestic Manners of the Americans 1890 THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1896 from Minute on Indian Education 1897 ALEXANDER WILLIAM KINGLAKE 1901 from Eothen 1901 SIR RICHARD FRANCIS BURTON 1908 from A Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah - and Meccah 1908 ISABELLA BIRD 1913 from A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains 1914 SIR HENRY MORTON STANLEY 1920 from Through the Dark Continent 1921 MARY KINGSLEY 1928 from Travels in West Africa 1928 RUDYARD KIPLING 1935 The White Man's Burden 1936 ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON 1937 The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 1939 OSCAR WILDE 1977 Impression du Matin 1980 Contents rfa©» RESPONSE Lord Alfred Douglas: Impression de Nuit 1981 The Harlot's House 1981 Symphony in Yellow 1982 from The Decay of Lying 1983 from The Soul of Man Under Socialism 1998 Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray 2002 The Importance of Being Earnest 2003 Aphorisms 2044 from De Profundis 2046 tasw COMPANION READING H. Montgomery Hyde: from The Trials of Oscar Wilde 2053 PERSPECTIVES Aestheticism, Decadence, and the Fin de Siecle 2059 W. S. GILBERT 2062 If You're Anxious for to Shine in the High Aesthetic Line 2063 JAMES ABBOTT MCNEILL WHISTLER 2064 from Mr. Whistler's "Ten O'clock" 2065 "MICHAEL FIELD" (KATHARINE BRADLEY AND EDITH COOPER) 2069 La Gioconda 2070 A Pen-Drawing of Leda 2070 "A Girl" 2071 ADA LEVERSON 2071 Suggestion 2072 ARTHUR SYMONS 2077 Pastel 2077 White Heliotrope 2078 from The Decadent Movement in Literature 2078 from Preface to Silhouettes 2080 RICHARD LE GALLIENNE 2081 A Ballad of London 2081 LIONEL JOHNSON 2082 The Destroyer of a Soul 2083 The Dark Angel 2083 A Decadent's Lyric 2085 LORD ALFRED DOUGLAS 2085 In Praise of Shame 2086 Two Loves 2086 - ' • OLIVE CUSTANCE (LADY ALFRED DOUGLAS) 2088 The Masquerade 2089 Statues 2089 The White Witch 2090 MAX BEERBOHM 2090 Enoch Soames 2091 xxx Contents The Twentieth Century 2111 JOSEPH CONRAD 2135 Preface to The Nigger of the "Narcissus" 2138 Heart of Darkness 2140 H "HEART OF DARKNESS" AND ITS TIME Joseph Conrad: from Congo Diary 2196 Sir Henry Morton Stanley: from Address to the Manchester Chamber of Commerce 2198 M cosu RESPONSES Chinua Achebe: An Image of Africa 2202 Gang of Four: We Live As We Dream, Alone 2211 osu BERNARD SHAW 2212 Preface: A Professor of Phonetics 2215 Pygmalion 2218 roe* RESPONSE Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe: from My Fair Lady 2282 os> LETTERS 2292 To Francis Collison (20 August 1903) 2292 To The Times (31 October 1906) 2293 THOMAS HARDY 2295 Hap 2297 Neutral Tones 2297 Wessex Heights 2298 The Darkling Thrush 2298 On the Departure Platform 2299 The Convergence of the Twain 2300 At Castle Boterel 2301 Channel Firing 2302 In Time of "The Breaking of Nations" 2303 I Looked Up from My Writing 2203 "And There Was a Great Calm" 2204 Logs on the Hearth 2305 The Photograph 2306 The Fallow Deer at the Lonely House 2306 Afterwards 2307 Epitaph 2307 Contents xxxi PERSPECTIVES The Great War: Confronting the Modern 2308 BLAST 2308 Vorticist Manifesto 2310 REBECCA WEST 2324 Indissoluble Matrimony 2325 RUPERT BROOKE 2340 . The Great Lover 2341 The Soldier 2343 SIEGFRIED SASSOON 2343 Glory of Women 2343 "They" 2344 The Rear-Guard 2344 Everyone Sang 2345 WILFRED OWEN 2345 Anthem for Doomed Youth 2346 Strange Meeting 2346 Disabled 2347 Duke Et Decorum Est 2348 ISAAC ROSENBERG 2349 Break of Day in the Trenches 2349 Dead Man's Dump 2350 DAVID JONES 2352 from In Parenthesis 2353 THE WOMEN POETS OF WORLD WAR I 2373 CICELY HAMILTON 2373 Non-Combatant 2373 MAY WEDDERBURN CANNAN 2374 Lamplight 2374 Rouen 2375 PAULINE BARRINGTON 2376 "Education" 2376 HELEN DIRCKS 2377 After Bourlon Wood 2377 ALYS FANE TROTTER 2378 The Hospital Visitor 2378 ; TERESA HOOLEY 2378 A War Film 2378 • SPEECHES ON IRISH INDEPENDENCE 2379 Charles Stewart Parnell 2381 At Limerick 2381 xxxii Contents Before the House of Commons 2382 At Portsmouth, After the Defeat of Mr. Gladstone's Home Rule Bill 2383 In Committee Room No. 15 2384 Proclamation of the Irish Republic 2385 Padraic Pearse 2386 Kilmainham Prison 2386 Michael Collins 2387 The Substance of Freedom 2387 WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 2390 The Lake Isle of Innisfree 2393 Who Goes with Fergus? 2394 No Second Troy 2394 The Fascination of What's Difficult 2394 September 1913 2395 The Wild Swans at Coole 2396 An Irish Airman Foresees His Death 2396 Easter 1916 2397 The Second Coming 2399 A Prayer for My Daughter 2399 Sailing to Byzantium 2401 Meditations in Time of Civil War 2402 Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen 2407 Leda and the Swan 2410 Among School Children 2411 Byzantium 2413 Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop 2414 Lapis Lazuli 2414 The Circus Animals' Desertion 2416 Under Ben Bulben 2417 E. M. FORSTER 2419 The Life to Come 2420 JAMES JOYCE 2431 DUBLINERS 2434 Araby 2434 Eveline 2438 Clay 2441 The Dead 2445 Ulysses 2472 [Chapter 13. Nausicaa] 2473 Contents xxxiii ISSB RESPONSES Hon. John M. Woolsey: 1933 Decision of the United States District Court Lifting the Ban on Ulysses 2495 Seamus Heaney: from Station Island 2499 «3>e» Finnegans Wake, and a First-Draft Version of Finnegans Wake 2500 [Shem the Penman] 2501 T. S. ELIOT 2506 The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 2509 «» RESPONSES Fadwa Tuqan: In the Aging City 2531 Martin Rowson:/rom The Waste Land 2533 Journey of the Magi 2539 Four Quartets 2540 Burnt Norton 2540 Tradition and the Individual Talent 2544 VIRGINIA WOOLF 2549 The Lady in the Looking-Glass: A Reflection 2552 Mrs Dalloway 2555 oo. RESPONSE Sigrid Nunez: On Rereading Mrs. Dalloway 2655 from A Room of One's Own 2661 from Three Guineas 2696 from The Diaries 2710 Letter to Gerald Brenan (25 December 1922) 2723 KATHERINE MANSFIELD 2725 The Daughters of the Late Colonel 2725 D. H. LAWRENCE 2738 Piano 2741 xxxiv Contents Song of a Man Who Has Come Through 2741 Tortoise Shout 2741 Snake 2744 Bavarian Gentians 2746 Cypresses 2746 Odour of Chrysanthemums 2748 The Horse Dealer's Daughter 2761 Surgery for the Novel—or a Bomb 2772 P. G. WODEHOUSE 2775 The Clicking of Cuthbert 2776 GRAHAM GREENE 2785 A Chance for Mr Lever 2786 1 PERSPECTIVES -$>* ' World War II and the End of Empire 2796 SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL 2797 Two Speeches Before the House of Commons 2798 STEPHEN SPENDER 2805 Icarus 2806 . "What I Expected 2806 The Express 2807 The Pylons 2807 ELIZABETH BOWEN 2808 Mysterious Kor 2809 EVELYN WAUGH 2818 The Man Who Liked Dickens 2819 Cruise 2828 DYLAN THOMAS 2849 The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower 2850 Fern Hill 2851 Poem in October 2852 Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night 2853 Contents xxxv SAMUEL BECKETT 2854 Endgame 2856 from Texts for Nothing 2891 4 ("Where would I go, if I could go, who would I be, if I could be") 2891 8 ("Only the words break the silence, all other sounds have ceased") 2892 The Expelled 2894 POSTWAR POETS: ENGLISH VOICES 2902 W. H. AUDEN 2902 Musee des Beaux Arts 2903 In Memory of W. B. Yeats 2904 Spain 1937 2906 Lullaby 2908 September 1, 1939 2909 In Praise of Limestone 2912 STEVIE SMITH 2914 Not Waving but Drowning 2915 Pretty 2915 How Cruel Is the Story of Eve 2917 The New Age 2918 PHILIP LARKIN 2919 Church Going 2919 High Windows 2921 Talking in Bed 2922 MCMXIV 2922 TED HUGHES 2923 Wind 2924 Relic 2924 Theology 2925 Dust As We Are 2925 Leaf Mould 2926 Telegraph Wires 2927 V. S. NAIPAUL 2928 In a Free State 2929 Prologue, from a Journal: The Tramp at Piraeus 2929 Epilogue, from a Journal: The Circus at Luxor 2936 xxxvi Contents HANIF KUREISHI 2941 My Beautiful Laundrette 2942 M "MY BEAUTIFUL LAUNDRETTE" AND ITS TIME Hanif Kureishi: The Carnival of Culture 2986 M SALMAN RUSHDIE 2988 Chekov and Zulu 2989 The Courter 2998 Out of Kansas 3012 PERSPECTIVES Whose Language? 3031 LOUISE BENNETT 3032 Back to Africa 3032 Colonization in Reverse 3033 Independance 3034 NGUGI WA THIONG'O 3035 Decolonizing the Mind 3036 Native African Languages 3036 NADINE GORDIMER 3039 What Were You Dreaming? 3040 DEREK WALCOTT 3046 A Far Cry from Africa 3047 Wales 3048 The Fortunate Traveller 3049 Midsummer 3054 50 ("I once gave my daughters, separately, two conch shells") 3054 52 ("I heard them marching the leaf-wet roads of my head") 3054 54 ("The midsummer sea, the hot pitch road, this grass, these shacks that made me") 3055 SEAMUS HEANEY 3056 Punishment 3057 The Skunk 3058 The Toome Road 3059 The Singer's House 3059 In Memoriam Francis Ledwidge 3060 Postscript 3062 A Call 3062 The Errand 3062 JAMES KELMAN 3063 Home for a Couple of Days 3063 EAVAN BOLAND 3072 Anorexic 3073 Mise Eire 3075 Contents xxxvii The Pomegranate 3076 A Woman Painted on a Leaf 3077 LORNA GOODISON 3078 The Mulatta as Penelope 3078 On Becoming a Mermaid 3079 Annie Pengelly 3079 AGHA SHAHID ALI 3083 Beyond English 3083 In Arabic 3084 Tonight 3085 PAUL MULDOON 3086 Cuba 3086 Aisling 3087 Meeting the British 3087 Sleeve Notes 3088 NUALA NI DHOMHNAILL 3094 Feeding a Child 3095 Parthenogenesis 3096 Labasheedy (The Silken Bed) 3098 As for the Quince 3099 Why I Choose to Write in Irish, The Corpse That Sits Up and Talks Back 3100 GWYNETH LEWIS 3108 Therapy 3108 Mother Tongue 3109 ROBERT CRAWFORD 3110 The Saltcoats Structuralists 3110 Alba Einstein 3111 W. N. HERBERT 3112 Cabaret McGonagall 3112 Smirr 3115 Political and Religious Orders 3117 Money, Weights, and Measures 3123 Literary and Cultural Terms 3125 Bibliographies 3149 Credits 3197 Index 3203