Perennials of the Past for the Present Denise Wiles Adams August 17, 2016 (Introduction dates are international unless specified “in US by”)

Old-Fashioned Favorites Aconitum napellus – monkshood (by 1551) Aconitum lycotonum – yellow monkshood (1800)

Alcea rosea – hollyhock (by 15th century)

Aquilegia canadense – American columbine (by 1640) Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata ‘Nora Barlow’ – Nora Barlow European columbine (16th century)

Convallaria majalis – lily-of-the-valley (by 1568) C. majalis ‘Flore Pleno’ (in US by 1829) C. majalis ‘Albostriata’ (in US by1841)

Dianthus barbatus ‘Holborn Glory’ – sweet William (in US by 1924) D. plumarius ‘Pheasant’s Eye’ – Pheasant’s Eye grass pink (by 1671) D. plumarius ‘Inchmery’ (1700) D. plumarius ‘Rose du Mai’ (ca. 1820)

Dicentra spectabilis – bleeding heart (1846)

Dictamnus albus – gasplant (by 1600)

Digitallis purpurea – foxglove (by 1600) D. ferruginea – rusty foxglove (1597) D. lutea – straw foxglove (1620)

Lychnis chalcedonica – Maltese cross (by 1578) L. chalcedonica var. albiflora – white Maltese cross (by 1839) L. chalcedonica ‘Salmonea’ – salmon Maltese cross (ca. 1739)

Tanacetum parthenium ‘Flore Pleno’ – feverfew (1614) T. parthenium ‘Aureum’ – golden feather (by 1871)

Sub-Tropical Garden Design Canna ‘America’ (1893) C. ‘Richard Wallace’ (1902) C. ‘Florence Vaughan’ (1892) C. ‘Mme. Paul Casaneuve’ (1902)

Caladium ‘Candidum’ (1899) Caladium ‘Lord Derby’ (by 1928)

Colocasia ‘Illustris’ – Illustris elephant ears (1893) C. ‘Fontanesii’ (1865)

Gladiolus byzantinus – byzantine glad (1629) G. dalenii – primrose gladiolus (1908)

Acanthus mollis – bear’s breeches (ancient) Acanthus spinosus – spiny bear’s breeches

Gunnera tinctoria – giant rhubarb (1840)

Ailanthus altissima – tree-of-heaven (1784)

Yucca filamentosa – Adam’s needle (1675)

Miscanthus sinensis ‘ Gracillimus’ – maiden grass (in US by 1893) M. sinensis ‘Variegatus – variegated Japan grass M. sinensis ‘Zebrinus’ – zebra grass (in US by 1873)

Perennials in the Lawn Paeonia – Richard Carvel’ – Richard Carvel peony (1913) P. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ – Sarah Bernhardt peony (1906) P. ‘Souvenir de Maxima Cornu’ – tree peony (1907)

Rudbeckia laciiniata ‘Hortensia’ – goldenglow (1895)

The Wild Garden Asclepias tuberosa – butterfly weed (1690)

Aster carolinianus – Carolina aster Aster xfrikartii ‘Jungfrau’ – Jungfrau Frikart aster (1920s)

Dodecatheon meadia – shooting stars (1704)

Filipendula ulmaria ‘Plena’ – meadowsweet (by 1839)

Helenium autumnale ‘Moerheim Beauty’ – Moerheim Beauty Helen’s flower (by 1938)

Leucanthemum xsuperbum ‘Alaska’ – Alaska Shasta daisy (1904)

Lythrum salicaria – purple loosestrife

Phlox paniculata – phlox (1732) P. maculata ‘Miss Lingard’ (by 1889) P. ‘Iris’ (by 1895) P. ‘Rijnstroom’ (1915)

Saponaria officinalis ‘Flore Pleno’ – bouncing Bet (1810)

Senna marilandica – Maryland cassia (1804)

Achillea ptarmica ‘Boule de Niege’ – Ball of Snow sneezewort (in US by 1917) Achillea millefolium ‘Cerise Queen’ – Cerise Queen yarrow (in US by 1931)

Physostegia virginiana – obedient plant (1683)

The Herbaceous Border Anemone xhybrida – Japanese anemone (1844) Anemone ‘Honorine Jobert’ (1851) Anemone ‘Konigin Charlotte’ (in US by 1907)

Papaver orientale ‘Princess Victoria Louise’ – oriental poppy (in US by 1908)

Astilbe ‘Peach Blossom’ (1902) Astilbe ‘W. E. Gladstone’ (in US by 1917) Astilbe ‘Granat’ (1920)

Campanula persicifolia – peach-leaved bellflower (1640) C. persicifolia ‘Moerheiimii’ (in US by 1910) C. medium – Canterbury bells (1597) C. pyramidalis – chimney bellflower (1596) C. rotundifolia – harebells, bluebell of Scotland (long cultivated)

Delphinium grandiflorum ‘Blue Butterfly’ – Blue Butterfly delphinium (in US by 1914) D. xbellamosum – perennial larkspur (in US by 1925)

Geum chiloense ‘Mrs. J. Bradshaw’ – Mrs. J. Brradshaw - avens

Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus – lemon lily (1570) H. fulva – ditch lily (1576) H. fulva ‘Flore Pleno’ – double-flowered orange daylily (in US by 1841) H. fulva ‘Kwanso Variegata’ – variegated orange daylily (in US by 1826) Hemerocallis ‘Apricot’ (1893) H. var. rosea (1924) H. ‘Bijou’ (in US by 1932) H. ‘Cinnabar’ (1930)

Iris germanica ‘Florentina’ – Florentine iris (ancient) Iris Honorabile’ (1840) Iris ‘Indian Chief’ (1929) Iris ‘Coronation’ (1927) Iris sibirica ‘Caesar’ (1930) Iris sibirica ‘Kingfisher Blue’ (1924)

Bulbs or the Old-Fashioned Garden Hyacinthus orientalis – hyacinth

Galanthus nivalis – snowdrops (by 1500)

Crocus ‘Mammoth Yellow’ (1665)

Narcissus ‘Beersheba’ – daffodil (1923) N. Seagull’ (1903) N. ‘Conspicuus’ (1869) N. ‘Von Sion’ (1620) N. ‘Princeps’ (1830)

Tulipa ‘Peach Blossom’ – tulip (1890) T. ‘Coleur Cardinale’ (1845) T. ‘Keizerskroon’ (1750) T. ‘Van der Neer’ (1860)

Lilium auratum – gold band lily (1862) L. speciosum ‘Rubrum’ – rubrum Japan lily (ca. 1830) L. lancifolium – tiger lily (1804) L. pumilum – coral lily (1816)

Dahlia ‘Little Beeswings’ (1909) D. ‘Tommy Keith’ (1892) D. ‘Jersey Beauty’ (1923) D. ‘Bishop of Llandaff’ (1929) D. ‘Thomas Edison’ (1929)