Brainstem Cerebellum 4th ventricle Anatomy of the brainstem

• A: Midbrain • B: Pons • C: Medulla • D: Spinal Cord • E: 4th Ventricle • F: Arbor Vitae • G: Cerebellar tonsil • H: Anterior lobe • I: Posterior lobe Medulla oblongada

• Anterior spinal artery • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery • Direct branches of the vertebral artery

• Controls ventilation • Cardiovascular center • Reflexes Medullary Nuclei

Name Location Function Gracile nucleus Dorsal medulla Fine touch & Information from proprioception below T6 from lower body Cuneate nucleus Dorsal medulla Fine touch & Information from proprioception above T6 from upper body Inferior olivary Beneath the Learning and nucleus olives motor coordination Nucleus ambiguus Dorsal to inferior Speech and Lesions cause olivary nucleus swallowing nasal speech PONS

• Paramedian branches of basilar artery • Long circumferential branches of basilar artery • Superior cerebellar artery • Inferior cerebellar artery Nuclei in the PONS

Name Location Function Pontine nucleus Ventral Pons Motor activity Corticopontine à Nucleus à pontocerebellar Midbrain

• Basilar artery • Posterior cerebral artery

• Motor activity Nuclei of the Midbrain

Name Location Function Red Nucleus Rostal Midbrain Motor Fuction Superior Culicullus Below Thalamus Object Recognition Inferior Culicullus Caudal to superior Auditory pathway Culicullus The conduit

• Highway for ascending and descending tracts Nuclei of cranial nerves Where is the cunate nucleus located?

• a) Beneath the olives • b) Tectum • c) Dorsal part of the medulla • d) Ventral pons • e) None of the above Which statement is false

• A) Trochlear nerve exits dorsally • B) Nuclei of CN V, VI, VII, VIII are located in the pons • C) CN VIII has two nuclei, one sensory and one motor • D) CN VII loops around CN V before exiting ventrally • E) all of them are correct Cerebellum

• Superior cerebellar artery • Anterior inferior cerebellar artery • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

• Vestibulocerebellum • Spinocerebellum • Cerebrocerebellum Dentate nucleus 4th Ventricle

• superior medullary velum + inferior medullary velum = Fastigium • Rhomboid fossa Bell’s Palsy

• Central vs. peripheral lesion • CN VII Thank you and good luck!