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Home , Corpus albicans, Corpus luteum, Cumulus oophorus, Follicular antrum, Follicular fluid, Theca externa

Lab 21 –Female I A560 – Fall 2015 Female Reproductive System I I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. 1. General structure egg emerging from ovary 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ Follicles witnessed unintentionally by i. Primordial follicle gynecologist Jacques Donnez ii. Primary follicle while carrying out a partial iii. Secondary follicle hysterectomy iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle v. Atretic follicle the egg emerged from the ovary b. Post‐ovulation Follicles over 15 minutes; challenging i. the previously‐held belief that ii. the process was a sudden event 3. Medulla IV. Summary Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015

I. Introduction Learning Objectives II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. Understand the overall organization of the ovary. 1. General structure 2. Cortex 2. Identify follicles at all stages of development from primordial to Graafian a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles and understand their physiological significance. i. Primordial follicle ii. Primary follicle iii. Secondary follicle 3. Describe the process of corpus luteum formation. iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle v. Atretic follicle 4. Distinguish corpus luteum from corpus albicans and from atretic follicles, b. Post‐ovulation Follicles with respect to structure and function. i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Keywords I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary atretic follicle ovary 1. General structure corona radiata primary follicle 2. Cortex corpus albicans primary a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles corpus luteum primordial follicle i. Primordial follicle secondary follicle ii. Primary follicle follicle secondary oocyte iii. Secondary follicle iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle follicular cells theca folliculi v. Atretic follicle germinal epithelium b. Post‐ovulation Follicles Graafian follicle theca lutein cells i. Corpus luteum granulosa cells zona granulosa ii. Corpus albicans granulosa lutein cells 3. Medulla mature follicle IV. Summary Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles i. Primordial follicle ii. Primary follicle cortex iii. Secondary follicle look here for iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle medulla v. Atretic follicle ovarian follicles b. Post‐ovulation Follicles i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives cortex III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles i. Primordial follicle ii. Primary follicle iii. Secondary follicle tunica albuginea iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle v. Atretic follicle CT layer beneath b. Post‐ovulation Follicles epithelium i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans surface 3. Medulla (germinal) IV. Summary epithelium simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium continuous with peritoneum Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives look here for III. Slides and Micrographs mature follicle A. Ovary 1. General structure example of 2. Cortex primordial a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles follicle i. Primordial follicle ii. Primary follicle iii. Secondary follicle iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle v. Atretic follicle b. Post‐ovulation Follicles i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans example of 3. Medulla corpus luteum IV. Summary secondary follicle

example of primary follicle Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles i. Primordial follicle ii. Primary follicle iii. Secondary follicle iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle v. Atretic follicle b. Post‐ovulation Follicles i. Corpus luteum Primordial follicle ii. Corpus albicans Primary follicle 3. Medulla 500,000 in ovary at birth Secondary follicle IV. Summary 20 develop each month Mature follicle several million present only a few of the 20 before birth; many all but one will eventually follicles reach this stage the “Highlander” follicle – undergo atresia undergo atresia there can be only one (degeneration) Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles i. Primordial follicle primary oocyte ii. Primary follicle large nucleus with iii. Secondary follicle dispersed finely granular chromatin iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle follicular cells v. Atretic follicle and prominent b. Post‐ovulation Follicles single layer of nucleolus flattened cells i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives zona granulosa zona pellucida (Lt. “translucent) III. Slides and Micrographs several layers of granulosa cells as thick layer of glycoproteins and A. Ovary primary follicle continues to grow proteoglycans 1. General structure 2. Cortex follicular cells  granulosa cells a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles follicular cells enlarge and become cuboidal i. Primordial follicle in shape; as they become stratified, they are ii. Primary follicle referred to as granulosa cells iii. Secondary follicle iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle v. Atretic follicle b. Post‐ovulation Follicles i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary

primary theca folliculi (Lt. “follicular sheath”) oocyte from surrounding stromal cells; separated greatly enlarged from granulosa cells by basement membrane Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs theca externa A. Ovary & interna 1. General structure interna develops zona 2. Cortex several layers of pellucida a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles hormone‐ i. Primordial follicle producing, primary ii. Primary follicle rounded cells; oocyte externa has iii. Secondary follicle spindle‐shaped iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle cells and blends zona v. Atretic follicle into surrounding granulosa b. Post‐ovulation Follicles stroma i. Corpus luteum w/ cumulus ii. Corpus albicans follicular oophorus 3. Medulla antrum (Lt. “egg‐bearing IV. Summary from fusion of mound”) small fluid‐filled thickened layer spaces between of granulosa cells granulosa cells; filled with Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome zona I. Introduction granulosa II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary corona 1. General structure radiata 2. Cortex remnant cells of a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles cumulus oophorus; i. Primordial follicle follicular several layers ii. Primary follicle antrum surround oocyte iii. Secondary follicle zona iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle pellucida v. Atretic follicle b. Post‐ovulation Follicles secondary i. Corpus luteum oocyte ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary theca interna & externa

small bridges of cells connect corona radiata to granulosa cells; bridges will break before ovulation and oocyte/corona radiata will float free inside follicle Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs atretic follicles (degenerative) may A. Ovary occur at any stage of development of 1. General structure the ovum 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles various appearances depending upon i. Primordial follicle the stage of development reached and ii. Primary follicle the progress of atresia iii. Secondary follicle iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle features to look for: v. Atretic follicle 1. degeneration of oocyte b. Post‐ovulation Follicles 2. disaggregation of granulosa cells i. Corpus luteum 3. thickening of basement membrane ii. Corpus albicans between granulosa cells and theca 3. Medulla cells; known as “glassy membrane” IV. Summary 4. cells and debris in antrum 5. atretic follicles eventually replaced by corpora fibrosa, most of which eventually disappear Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles i. Primordial follicle ii. Primary follicle iii. Secondary follicle iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle v. Atretic follicle b. Post‐ovulation Follicles i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary

after ovulation, follicle collapses and fills with blood clot to form corpus luteum (Lt. “yellow”); granulosa cells increase in size (called granulosa lutein cells) and begin secreting and ; theca interna cells also increase in size (called theca lutein cells) and secrete progesterone (lack to form estrogens); basement membrane between granulosa cells and theca interna breaks down, vasculature invades, and structure takes on general appearance of an ; structure will last 12‐14 days unless pregnancy has occurred (and HCG from maintains corpus luteum which continues to enlarge) Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 58: Ovary and Corpus Luteum, H&E

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles i. Primordial follicle ii. Primary follicle iii. Secondary follicle iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle look in center v. Atretic follicle for granulosa b. Post‐ovulation Follicles lutein cells i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary

Look in crevices and periphery for theca lutein cells Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 58: Ovary and Corpus Luteum, H&E

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles i. Primordial follicle ii. Primary follicle iii. Secondary follicle granulosa iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle lutein cells theca v. Atretic follicle lutein cells b. Post‐ovulation Follicles i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 61: Ovary, H&E

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles look for i. Primordial follicle and ii. Primary follicle macrophages iii. Secondary follicle (may contain pigment) iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle corpus albicans v. Atretic follicle b. Post‐ovulation Follicles i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary

corpora albicantes (Lt. “white”) are inactive fibrous tissue masses formed from involution of corpus luteum; secretory cells of corpus luteum undergo autolysis and are phagocytosed by macrophages; corpora albicantes increase in number with age – however mostregresscompletely Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 13: Ovary, Masson Trichrome

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives hilum III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex medulla lacks a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles follicles; contains CT, i. Primordial follicle ovarian large vessels ii. Primary follicle (helicine arteries) iii. Secondary follicle w/ vessels iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle and lymphatics v. Atretic follicle b. Post‐ovulation Follicles small bundles of i. Corpus luteum may ii. Corpus albicans be present 3. Medulla IV. Summary hilus cells, similar to Leydig cells, are also present in medulla; tumors can lead to virilization Lab 21 –Female Reproductive System I A560 – Fall 2015

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Pre‐ovulation Follicles i. Primordial follicle To be continued… ii. Primary follicle iii. Secondary follicle iv. Mature (Graafian) follicle v. Atretic follicle b. Post‐ovulation Follicles i. Corpus luteum ii. Corpus albicans 3. Medulla IV. Summary