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Gender, Water and Development .[Coles, Anne].Pdf Gender, Water and Development Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Women General Editors: Shirley Ardener and Jackie Waldren, for The International Gender Studies Centre, University of Oxford ISSN: 1068-8536 Recent titles include: Vol. 9: Bilingual Women: Anthropological Approaches to Second Language Use Edited by Pauline Burton, Ketaki Dyson and Shirley Ardener Vol. 10: Gender, Drink and Drugs Edited by Maryon MacDonald Vol. 11: Women and Mission: Past and Present Edited by Fiona Bowie, Deborah Kirkwood and Shirley Ardener Vol. 12: Muslim Women’s Choices Edited by Camillia Fawzi El-Solh and Judy Mabro Vol. 13: Women and Property, Women as Property Edited by Renée Hirschon Vol. 14: Money-Go-Rounds: Women’s Use of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations Edited by Shirley Ardener and Sandra Burman Vol. 15: ‘Male’ and ‘Female’ in Developing Southeast Asia Edited by Wazir Jahan Karim Vol. 16: Women Wielding the Hoe: Lessons from Rural Africa for Feminist Theory and Developing Practice Edited by Deborah Fahy Bryceson Vol. 17: Organizing Women: Formal and Informal Women’s Groups in the Middle East Edited by Dawn Chatty and Annika Rabo Vol. 18: Women Plantation Workers: International Experiences Edited by Shobhita and Rhoda Reddock Vol. 19: Beads and Beadmakers: Gender, Material Culture and Meaning Edited by Lidia D. Sciama and Joanne B. Eicher Vol. 20: Cross-Cultural Marriage: Identity and Choice Edited by Rosemary Breger and Rosanna Hill Vol. 21: Extending the Boundaries of Care: Medical Ethics and Caring Practices Edited by Tamara Kohn and Rosemarie McKechnie Vol. 22: Contraception Across Cultures Edited by Andrew Russell, Elisa J. Sobo and Mary S. Thompson Vol. 23: Chinese Women Organizing: Cadres, Feminists, Muslims, Queers Edited by Ping-Chun Hsiung, Maria Jaschok and Cecilia Milwertz with Red Chan Vol. 24: Women and Credit: Researching the Past, Refi guring the Future Edited by Beverly Lemire, Ruth Pearson and Gail Campbell Vol. 25: The Transnational Family: New European Frontiers and Global Networks Edited by Deborah Bryceson and Ulla Vuorela Vol. 26: Gender, Religion and Change in the Middle East: Two Hundred Years of History Edited by Inger Marie Okkenhaug and Ingvild Flaskerud Gender, Water and Development Edited by Anne Coles and Tina Wallace Oxford • New York English edition First published in 2005 by Berg Editorial offi ces: First Floor, Angel Court, 81 St Clements Street, Oxford OX4 1AW, UK 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA © Anne Coles and Tina Wallace 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of Berg. Berg is the imprint of Oxford International Publishers Ltd. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gender, water and development / edited by Anne Coles and Tina Wallace.— 1st English ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-84520-125-6 (pbk.) — ISBN 1-84520-124-8 (cloth) 1. Water-supply—Government policy—Cross-cultural studies. 2. Water-supply— Social aspects—Cross-cultural studies. 3. Women in development—Cross-cultural studies. I. Coles, Anne. II. Wallace, Tina. HD1691.G43 2005 333.91'22'082091724—dc22 2005009254 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN-13 978 1 84520 124 1 (Cloth) 978 1 84520 125 8 (Paper) ISBN-10 1 84520 124 8 (Cloth) 1 84520 125 6 (Paper) Typeset by JS Typesetting Ltd, Porthcawl, Mid Glamorgan Printed in the United Kingdom by Biddles Ltd, King’s Lynn. www.bergpublishers.com Contents List of Contributors vii Acknowledgements x 1 Water, Gender and Development: An Introduction Tina Wallace and Anne Coles 1 2 Taking the Waters: Cosmology, Gender and Material Culture in the Appropriation of Water Resources Veronica Strang 21 3 The Role of Water in an Unequal Social Order in India Deepa Joshi and Ben Fawcett 39 4 Naked Power: Women and the Social Production of Water in Anglophone Cameroon Ben Page 57 5 Geology and Gender: Water Supplies, Ethnicity and Livelihoods in Central Sudan Anne Coles 75 6 Gender Mainstreaming in the Water Sector in Nepal: A Real Commitment or a Token? Shibesh Chandra Regmi 95 7 The Challenge to International NGOs of Incorporating Gender Tina Wallace and Pauline Wilson 115 8 Misunderstanding Gender in Water: Addressing or Reproducing Exclusion Deepa Joshi 135 9 Enabling Women to Participate in African Smallholder Irrigation Development and Design Felicity Chancellor 155 vi | Contents 10 Water and AIDS: Problems Associated with the Home-based Care of AIDS Patients in a Rural Area of Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Anne Hutchings and Gina Buijs 173 11 Gender and Poverty Approach in Practice: Lessons Learned in Nepal Umesh Pandey and Michelle Moffatt 189 12 Easier to Say, Harder to Do: Gender, Equity and Water Sarah House 209 Index 227 Contributors Gina Buijs is Assistant Vice-Rector and Professor of Anthropology and Devel- opment Studies at the University of Zululand, South Africa. She is the editor of Migrant Women: Crossing Boundaries and Changing Identities (Berg 1993) and has published on gender, ethnicity and development in Africa. Felicity Chancellor has been closely involved in researching the socio-economic parameters affecting irrigated agriculture and the management of water in sub- Saharan Africa since the 1990s. Her main focus has been on smallholder irrigators – men, women and children – upon whom so many rely for food security. Her recent work highlights the need for equitable participation in the design and management of smallholder irrigation. She currently tutors for the Imperial College London Distance Learning Programme and chairs the British National Committee for the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. Anne Coles is a research associate in the International Gender Studies Centre at Queen Elizabeth House (QEH), Oxford University. She was previously a senior social development adviser in the UK Department for International Development, leading on gender. Her career has combined university teaching (in geography and later development studies) with applied research and development practice. Ben Fawcett is a water and sanitation engineer who has worked extensively with NGOs in many countries in Africa and Asia. Since 1996 he has led a masters programme in ‘Engineering for Development’ at the Institute of Irrigation and Development Studies, University of Southampton, UK, and manages research on social and institutional issues in the environmental health sector. Sarah House is a chartered civil engineer currently working as a freelance water/ public health engineer, based in the UK. She has had a professional interest in gender and equity in technical projects in development and emergencies for more than a decade, with a special focus on the practical approaches which can be used to consider gender and equity in institutions and in programme work. She has worked as an engineer and programme manager in Zambia and Tanzania and in research and consultancy in Ethiopia, Zaire (now DRC), Cambodia, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, St Lucia and Ghana. vii viii | List of Contributors Anne Hutchings, ethnobotanist, author and compiler of the inventory Zulu Medi- cinal Plants (University of Natal Press 1996), has worked with healers and com- munities in health-related fi elds in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Since 2000 she has pro- vided herbal treatment and monitored patients in an HIV/AIDS support clinic at a local state hospital. She is presently a research fellow in the Department of Botany at the University of Zululand. Deepa Joshi, based at the University of Southampton, has her PhD and work experience in policy and institutional review of gender issues in rural water man agement and urban human settlements and sanitation in South Asia. She is especially interested in exploring the links between gender, poverty and livelihoods from an applied anthropology perspective, and is currently working on an urban water and sanitation research programme with Southampton University. Michelle Moffatt lived in Nepal for eight years and worked with NEWAH as a gender consultant supporting the development and mainstreaming of a Gender and Poverty approach in the institution and programme. She also assisted the Government of Nepal and the Asian Development Bank in drafting a rural water supply and sanitation sector strategy from a gender and poverty perspective. She has more than ten years’ experience working in project management in the UK and Asia. She has a Masters in Development Policy and Economics from Manchester University, UK. Ben Page teaches geography at University College London. He worked, briefl y, as a water engineer, before carrying out social research on the history of water supplies in Cameroon and Lagos from 1996–2003. He is currently working on an ESRC-funded research project studying development and the diaspora in Cameroon and Tanzania. Umesh Pandey has been the director of NEWAH in Nepal since it was created in the early 1990s with the support of WaterAid, UK. He has been a strong supporter and advocate of the development and mainstreaming of a Gender and Poverty approach in his own institution, as well as externally. NEWAH is the largest national-level NGO in the water supply and sanitation sector, with fi ve regional offi ces implementing projects in all regions of Nepal. Shibesh Chandra Regmi is a development/policy analyst, with over twenty years of experience and expertise in issues related to development and poverty in developing countries, primarily in Asia, and in participatory approaches. His PhD concerns gender and development issues in water programmes in Nepal. He has been extensively engaged in the voluntary sector and since 2001 has been country director of ActionAid Nepal, an affi liate of ActionAid International. List of Contributors | ix Veronica Strang is a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Auckland. An environmental anthropologist, she has written extensively on water, land and resource issues in Australia and the UK, and is the author of Uncommon Ground: cultural landscapes and environmental values (Berg 1997), and The Meaning of Water (Berg 2004).
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