Annual Report 2000 - 2001

Refugee Studies Centre, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford The Refugee Studies Centre (RSC) was founded in 1982 as part of the University of Oxford’s International Development Centre at Queen Elizabeth House.

The Centre has three major objectives: CONTENTS • to carry out multidisciplinary research and teaching on the causes and consequences of forced Director’s Foreword 1 migration • to disseminate the results of its research to academics, policy makers and practitioners in the Feature Article: 20 years of the RSC 2 field of forced migration • to understand the experience of forced migration Current Research at the RSC 3-6 from the point of view of forced migrants themselves

Feature Article: Child-Focused Research 7 Research: The RSC currently has a staff of twenty-seven, at the RSC of whom eight are researchers representing the following disciplines: anthropology, sociology, political science, law Teaching 8-9 and psychology. Research at the Centre is focused around four inter-related themes: • asylum from an international legal and political Library 10 perspective • conflict and the transition from war to peace Forced Migration Online 11 • transnational communities and diasporas • development-induced displacement

Institutional Links 12 The RSC’s Visiting Fellowship Programme enables experienced practitioners and academics to pursue Feature Article: A Report from the CSFM, 13 individual writing and research projects, to make use of Dar es Salaam the library and to share their experiences with staff and students. Formal institutional links exist between the RSC and universities in Africa, South and South East Asia, Latin Publications 14-15 America and the Middle East, with the aim of strengthen- ing research and teaching capacity in the field of forced Staff Publications and Presentations 16 migration. Teaching: The Centre offers a nine-month taught Master Students and Visiting Fellows 17 of Studies degree course (MSt) in Forced Migration, which will be converted to an MSc course in 2002. MPhil Seminars, Conferences and Workshops 18 students in Development Studies registered at QEH may participate in parts of this course. Supervision is also provided by the RSC for DPhil students registered at QEH Development 19 and in other departments who are working on topics related to forced migration. The Centre provides several Accounts 20 short courses a year which are aimed at experienced practitioners and policy makers. These include an International Summer School held in Oxford and a Regional Staff, Associates and Patrons Inside back cover School held in Bangkok, which bring together agency and government personnel from around the world to reflect on Funders Back cover and share their experiences of the legal, psychological, political and social dimensions of assistance to refugees and other forced migrants. Various weekend courses are Compiled by Paul Ryder hosted at the Centre, including one on international law Design and production by Corinne Owen and refugee status. Printed by Oxuniprint Cover photo: Returnees in Myanmar: a family is Dissemination: The RSC Library is the largest collection reunited in Maungdaw township of its kind in the world. The Digital Library and Forced UNHCR/A.Hollman Migration Online projects, which are currently being developed with funding from the Andrew W Mellon Refugee Studies Centre Foundation, will allow dissemination via the internet and Queen Elizabeth House CD-ROM of part of the Library’s extensive and unique University of Oxford collection of unpublished literature. The RSC publishes 21 St Giles Forced Migration Review which appears three times a year Oxford, OX1 3LA, UK in English, Spanish and Arabic, and is distributed to a wide Tel: +44 (0)1865 270722 international network of policy makers and practitioners. It Fax: +44 (0)1865 270721 also sponsors the quarterly Journal of Refugee Studies, E-mail: [email protected] published by Oxford University Press, and the Studies in Website: http://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/rsc/ Forced Migration series, published by Berghahn Books. 1 Director’s Foreword Stephen Castles, Director Stephen Castles, Refugee Studies Programme. I feel very fortunate I feel very Programme. Studies Refugee and academic with a unique centre into a to come professional and committed with highly role, policy I structures. management and with effective staff, predecessors will that both my am delighted to continue and links with the RSC, maintain their and collabora- of their advice us the benefit give support guidance of with the together David’s tion. and the warm Chatty Dawn Deputy Director arrival the RSC staff made my by reception smooth and enjoyable. of noting the passing of Robert the sad duty I have greatest friends and the RSC’s one of A Johnson, as a junior first job was Bob Johnson’s benefactors. first met him at the the time we though by butcher, the head of a multi-million RSC he had become far more But Bob was Kleeneze. pound company, he studied for in his twenties than a businessman: White years with the the priesthood for five Once he in Ireland. a missionary order, Fathers, became a became a successful businessman he also for instance supporting philanthropist, considerable on forty Hein Raat, the orthopaedic surgeon, he performed where expeditions to the South, 3,200 operations on patients with congenital contributed Bob Johnson substantial deformities. of the RSC the endowment donations towards will miss his We Migration. in Forced Lectureship in a kind, delivered which was wise counsel, – and modest – manner. imaginative I have for the RSC, In noting these major events ongoing little space to talk about our left myself It teaching and documentation. in research, work Our achievement. of considerable has been a year in character, diverse more has become even work of forced on a wide range of aspects with research Through migration. partnerships in Asia Africa, and contributed the RSC has to the Middle East, Through in the South. capacity building media workshops, conferences, publications, participated have we appearances and presentations, Our debates and policy formation. in public the makes Sarah Rhodes, ably managed by Library, RSC a major pole of attraction for students and Forced portal project, Our electronic researchers. Marilyn led by Deegan and generously Migration, and W Mellon Foundation Andrew the funded by era in will open a new Union, the European documentation of migrationforced when it goes on-line All in early 2002. – and these activities – are more many described in the pages Report.Annual of the that It is regrettable needs the world ours but like centres is no doubt that there it does, and will to for the continue future. foreseeable challenging concerned period anyone for In the migration. forced and refugees with he last twelve months have been a been have months twelve he last

All this indicates that the work of the RSC is more All this indicates that the work The politicisation of forced urgent than ever. Report Annual migration noted in the 1999-2000 has become even Turton, David predecessor, my by a time of change for This is therefore marked. more One important change has indeed too. the Centre David departure at the end of 2000. been David’s the RSC with greatsteered skill and sensitivity As incoming of growth. four years through in greatest achievement I see David’s Director, leadership needed to the effective provided having research, consolidate the RSC as a professional teaching and documentation unit which meets the to be expected in an internationalhigh standards on the He built Oxford. like university research principles designed to of interdisciplinary research by which had been developed a voice refugees give Barbara Harrell-Bond of the in the founding years In Africa, Asia and other parts of the South there Africa, In migrants of forced mass flows continued are internal conflict and destruction of escaping war, and projects development through livelihoods UNHCR has Yet, degradation. environmental and cuts in the last year, undergone major budget the rich countries with seem too pre-occupied problems economic and environmental their own seriousto do anything to combat global inequality. The aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the policies refugee over USA is casting a dark shadow of terrorismFear is and humanitarian assistance. to suspicion and existing trends to strengthen likely and is leading to the hostility of asylum seekers, rules – with restrictive new of rapid introduction liberties consequences for civil and unpredictable The US-led the rights of persecuted people. making Afghanistan are military actions in for millions of people worse conditions even hunger and sufferingalready oppression, The humanitarian organisations are displacement. protection to provide than ever finding it harder and assistance in this situation. UK, asylum remains an emotive issue, despite the issue, an emotive asylum remains UK, numbers small not even – the UK does relatively list of the 40 1999 UNHCR’s it onto make countries 1000 of total per with most refugees majority forced of overwhelming The population. countriesmigrants in the poorest of the remain is full of press tabloid Britain’s Nonetheless, South. implying that the countrysensational headlines is In the asylum seekers’. ‘bogus by being swamped politicians Conservative some election, 2001 June tried fears political capital out of such but to make focusing on issues voters with made little headway, On the brighter transport and education. of health, leaders that beginning are to realise European side, Home rational immigrationa more policy is vital. new announced a Blunkett David Secretary system, Card modelled on the US Green approach ministerialwhile the EU held its first-ever on immigrationconference policy. and refugee T 20 Years of the RSC

In 1982, social anthropologist Dr Barbara Harrell-Bond, with a humanitarian field who got their start at the RSP include three-year fellowship to study humanitarian relief in the Sudan, Chaloka Beyani, Claudena Skran, David Keen and Alex de was invited by Prof Arthur Hazlewood to establish the Refugee Waal. The Programme also established a Human Rights Lecture Studies Programme (RSP). ‘The RSP was the right idea at the very early on which has attracted presentations from Prince right time’, Dr Harrell-Bond recalls. It was able to harness the Hassan of Jordan and Justice Albie Sachs amongst others.

Feature Article minds of academics such as Sidney Waldron, Ahmed Karadawi, Elizabeth Colson, Gil Loescher, Effie Voutira, Doreen Indra, The vision of the RSP was based on the belief that Renée Hirschon, Jean LaFontaine, and Emmanuel Marx. independent research which actually brings the voices of the beneficiaries into the equation can provide those who are The RSP was established on a shoestring: on the back of employed in the field with an opportunity to reflect and Harrell-Bond’s personal fellowship and £1,000 for a typist. change. The aim from the beginning was to link research with Belinda Allan joined her shortly after as Development Officer. practice. Accordingly, the RSP offered short courses and an 2 By the end of 1984 they had raised £40,000. By 1994 there annual Summer School for government officials and the staff of was an annual turnover of around £1 million, thanks to the humanitarian organisations. It also established a foundation interest and support of foundations and trusts including The course to serve as a conversion course for graduates to prepare Hugh Pilkington Charitable Trust, Mertz-Gilmore, Ford, themselves for research degrees in their own disciplines or Dulverton, Baring, Mellon and MacArthur, as well as HRH careers in humanitarian work. Elements of this foundation Prince Hassan of Jordan. Support also came from the British course were later incorporated into the Master of Studies Council and agencies such as CAFOD, DANIDA, DfID (then degree. ODA), OXFAM, SIDA, Trocaire, UNHCR and the World Food Programme. By the time the founder retired, two The RSP actively facilitated the establishment of research and University tenured posts had been established, and RSP’s teaching programmes, some supported through a UNESCO Documentation Centre had been deemed worthy of UNITWIN Network, others by the British Council Higher incorporation into the integrated Oxford library of which the Education Scheme. Such programmes have been set up in Bodleian is part. Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Egypt, South Africa, Morocco, Palestine and Jordan. The RSP collaborated In pioneering a new academic field, the RSP faced two major early with the Centre for Refugee Studies at York University, challenges. First, it was necessary to convince those in the ivory Canada, with an international conference in 1989 on The towers that refugees are an important, though seriously Refugee Crisis: British and Canadian Responses. In the US, neglected, area for scholarship. The second was to convince the Columbia and Tufts have developed new teaching/research international humanitarian regime of the value of independent programmes in refugee studies. The Network on Humanitarian research and of the need for training for those who work Assistance (NOHA) consisting of six European universities within these institutions. From the beginning, refugees were currently offers a master’s degree in ‘humanitarian aid’ for considered participants rather than objects for study. which the RSP contributed three of the basic texts.

A further challenge for a rising academic institution working Meanwhile, in 1996, at a conference at Moi University, the on refugees was the critical examination of basic concepts, and Independent Association for the Study of Forced Migration establishment of a comparative, multi- or interdisciplinary body (IASFM) was launched as a new professional organisation for of research. A landmark for RSP was the 1986 publication by academics and practitioners, building on an earlier Oxford University Press of Harrell-Bond’s book, Imposing Aid: International Research and Advisory Panel (IRAP) established Emergency Assistance to Refugees, which sought to de- by the RSP. IASFM’s independent existence suggests that the mythologise humanitarian work, and question the power new academic field of refugee studies has been truly launched. relations between refugees and humanitarian actors. Such Conferences have since been held in Gaza, Palestine and observations were not particularly welcomed at the time but Johannesburg, and the next is planned for Thailand in January the RSP continued to engage with the policy world, whilst 2003. fiercely maintaining its academic independence. Faced with a field in which many consultants uncritically used and recycled The Refugee Studies Programme, now Centre, would not exist agency terminology (at the same time signing away their but for the inspiration, commitment and sheer dogged academic freedom to publish), the RSP set out to maintain a determination of Barbara Harrell-Bond. Perhaps her critical stance - whilst still working with and for agencies. Two contribution is best summed up in the citation of the examples were Political Pawns, a study for the World Food Distinguished Service Award given to her in 1996 by the Programme by Josephine Reynell, published in 1989, and American Anthropological Association: ‘For her internationally David Keen’s 1992 Refugees: Rationing the Right to Life. The recognized research, teaching and training on the causes, consequences latter was based on the 1991 RSP conference, funded by and experience of forced migration; dedicated service to the refugee governments, UN and non-governmental organisations, which community; groundbreaking scholarship and informed critiques of looked at the nutritional crisis among refugees. refugee policy and assistance; and active leadership to promote practitioner interchange and training on an international level.’ In 1988 RSP established the Journal of Refugee Studies (JRS) published by Oxford University Press and edited by Roger Zetter. With Robert Chambers’ encouragement, it went on to produce the Refugee Participation Network newsletter which subsequently became Forced Migration Review, now published in English, Spanish and Arabic, and distributed free in poorer countries. The RSP also established the Studies in Forced Migration book series with Berghahn Books.

One feature of early RSP days was the way in which Oxford and other students became involved in fieldtrips and internships, such as the Lutaya Mission to southern Sudan in 1984; those involved included Ken Wilson, Alula Pankhurst, Richard Black and JoAnn McGregor. Zachary Lomo, who went on to work as a lawyer in the refugee field and now heads the Legal Aid Project in Uganda, was one of those refugees with whom the Oxford students helped build the Lutaya school. The student fieldtrips were life changing and many have gone on to complete PhDs, to teach around the world, and to work in (or run!) human rights and campaigning organisations. Others now well known in the refugee/ RSC’s current Director Dr Stephen Castles with founder Dr Barbara Harrell-Bond 3 Research January 2001 - March 2002 2001 - March January , February 2001 - February 2003 , February2001 2001 - July

he Refugee Studies Centre conducts multidisciplinary research into the causes and into the research multidisciplinary conducts Centre Studies he Refugee a particular with migration of forced consequences of forced experiences on the focus to results of research is given to the dissemination emphasis themselves. A strong migrants

Research conducted in 2000 and ongoing programmatic work has shown that children’s social that children’s has shown work conducted in 2000 and ongoing programmatic Research that appear very neglected areas are support that is their peer and sibling systems, competencies, Children’s and coping in the context of adversity. well-being meaningful in terms of child survival, and in certain with one another can be criticalrelationships well-being, to their emotional and physical The to turn prefer may to one another for social support children rather than to adults. circumstances in been poorly understood and little explored to date, has, and content of these relationships nature children. with refugee research The aim of this research is to understand better children’s social relationships and networks in the context in and networks social relationships is to understand better children’s The aim of this research in attention will be paid to the ways Particular family and other hardships. separation of displacement, with parents, manage their relationships they how and one another, look after themselves which children access (or not) the support they and services that how and adults and the wider community, non-parental and social agency concernThe central theoretical of this study is an exploration of children’s need. they competence in a situation of adversity. The lives of refugee children in Tanzania: children’s agency and competence in context and competence agency children’s Tanzania: in children of refugee The lives the Children Sweden, Foundation and Save W Mellon Andrew Gillian Mann, Research Assistant, RSC. Assistant, Research Gillian Mann, The Home Office requested an overview of research on integration and immigrants of both refugees in of research an overview The Home Office requested a systematic commissioned to provide team was The research priorities. research to set its future order carriedInterviews were out with leading since 1995. completed, and both in progress of research, picture were searches literature Thorough of integration. in the area as with NGOs working as well researchers than one The final report listed more examined. was and the content of some of the work conducted, Research of current projects. as a large number as well publications, research thousand relevant The report discussed listed. also were resources electronic in the field and relevant organisations working and identified a series of important in gaps directions, and methods of main research the approaches coverage. existing research Integration: mapping the field Integration: UK Home Office, Dr Ellie RSC, Officer, Lisa Gilhad Senior Research Dr Maja Korac, RSC, Director, Director, Dr Stephen Castles, Vertovec, and Dr Steven Anthropology Institute of Social and Cultural Visiting Fellow, Vasta, of Oxford. University Programme, Communities Transnational Through a series of five case studies based in regions of complex forced migration in Africa, Asia and Latin Africa, migration case studies based in regions a series of complex forced in Through of five current this study examines the legal and of institutions at headquarters level, and investigation America, and assistance needs of to the protection for responding operations and mechanisms institutional mandates, within the humanitarian place taken changes that have recent The study investigates migrants. forced changes which and will recommend trends, future and likely and responsibilities gaps in mandates regime, team comprisesThe project migration to complex forced responses emergencies. could improve (CDR) in Research for Development the Centre the RSC; analysts from and policy researchers International the Institute for the Study of Migration (ISIM) at Georgetown Denmark; Copenhagen, Washington on Internal Institution, the Project Displacement at the Brookings DC; Washington University, and the Tanzania; Salaam, of Dar es Migration at the University Study of Forced for the the Centre DC; Burundi of Sri Case studies Sri Lanka, Lanka. Regional for Strategic Centre Studies (RCSS) in Colombo, Timor and Colombia to follow. East Afghanistan, with studies of been carriedand Georgia have out, Dr Stephen Castles, Director, RSC and Dr Nicholas Van Hear, Senior Research Officer, Centre for Centre Officer, Senior Research Hear, Van RSC and Dr Nicholas Director, Dr Stephen Castles, Denmark. Copenhagen, Research, Development Complex forced migration emergencies: towards a new humanitarian a new regime towards migrationComplex forced emergencies: T MacArthur Foundation The John D and Catherine policy makers and practitioners as well as to the academic community. The RSC’s research has research The RSC’s academic community. as well as to the and practitioners policy makers legal and political an international from themes: asylum four inter-related around been organised the impact of to reference with special war to peace, transition from conflict and the perspective; and and diasporas; transnational communities on children; displacement conflict and prolonged displacement and resettlement. development-induced T December 2001 December - October 2000 October August 2000 - August 2001 August 2000 - , January 2000 – December 2001 January , , March 2000 - March 2002 2000 - March March ,

Dr Matthew Gibney, Elizabeth Colson Lecturer in Forced Migration, RSC. Migration, in Forced Elizabeth Colson Lecturer Gibney, Dr Matthew The relationship between asylum policy and immigration movements in Canada and the UK asylum policy and immigration movements between The relationship Agency Canadian International Development better to the needs of states for immigration asylum policies that respond of creating In the interest examines asylum practice in Canada and this project management and the human rights of asylum seekers, considers the project the academics and NGOs, interviews with officials in government, Through the UK. with the demands assessment procedures the need for speedy refugee to reconcile how questions: following asylum policies without encouraging migration to operate inclusive that is how of accurate determinations; with human policies can be squared whether the use of interdiction primarily economic in motivation; rights-respecting what measures states can use to encourage the return of unsuccessful rights commitments; research of this The results has ended. whose need for temporary protection asylum applicants and refugees teaching at Oxford intended to inform of articlesare of a number journals, in scholarly the publication asylum policy. to understanding approaches and public about the alternative and beyond, University Sr Maryanne Loughry, Pedro Arrupe Tutor, RSC and Prof Alastair Ager, Queen Margaret University Queen Margaret Ager, Alastair RSC and Prof Tutor, Arrupe Pedro Loughry, Sr Maryanne UK. Edinburgh, College, College University Queen Margaret the RSC, involving project group is a collaborative This working Migration and Health on Forced the Programme Fund (CCF), the Christian Children’s (Edinburgh), For the Programme University), (Harvard Trauma in Refugee the Program (Columbia University), Médecins sans Frontières Armed Conflict (International Rescue Committee), Affected by Children within aim is to define a framework Its Federation). the Children in Crisis(Holland) and Children (Save can be analysed agenda and development to meeting the research psychosocial approaches which different Loughry Sr Maryanne in collaboration field studies. of small-scale collaborative a number and to undertake to the needs of displaced responses with CCF has been mapping the local NGO psychosocial programme could be improved. the programmes where areas addressing Timor, people in East Academic-practitioner working group on the response to the psychosocial needs of refugees on the response group Academic-practitioner working and displaced persons Mellon Foundation W Andrew Addressing impoverishment and resistance and improving outcomes in Development- outcomes and improving resistance and impoverishment Addressing and Resettlement (DIDR) projects Induced Displacement UK Department for International (ESCOR), Development Africa. South Rhodes University, Wet, ChrisRSC and Prof de former Director, Turton, Dr David and irrigation urban renewal such as dam construction, schemes, Large-scale infrastructure projects, the DIDR involves ten million people annually. displace over schemes, transportation development in aggregate an increase aim of achieving ostensible of affected populations with the planned resettlement often been more socio-economic and human rights consequences have negative However, human welfare. Resistance and the Critique of ‘Displacement, desk studies. two consists of This project the result. on conflict focuses Oliver-Smith, Anthony Prof by the Grass Roots to the Global’, From Development: and Mitigating Development Local Level ‘Toward DIDR projects; generated by and resistance the associated risks concentrates on of socio-economic Koenig, Dr Dolores by in DIDR’, Impoverishment policy and legal study addressing is designed to complement an earlier This work impoverishment. this Reports from resulting DFID. funded by also outcomes in DIDR projects, constraints and improving and will on the RSC website will be available studies, including a synthesis report of the two research, Spanish and Portuguese. include translations into French, War-affected children in South Asia South in children War-affected British Council, Department International for Development, the UNICEF Regional collaboration with in is being undertaken Office for research of This programme research the within the region and expert by literature opinion from of the available A review Asia. South disseminated of which were the findings country and a regional studies report, in seven team has resulted intended to was This process 2001. June Asia in and scholars South policy makers from to practitioners, about the impacts of armed migrationhighlight what is known and forced conflict in the children on facilitate gaps and the identification of critical It also aimed to highlight knowledge questions, region. in selected countries for primarythemes and field sites children in the region. with war-affected research 2002. is to commence in January This research Dr Jo Boyden, Senior Research Officer, RSC, Dr Jo de Berry, UNICEF ROSA, Tom Feeny, Research Feeny, Tom ROSA, UNICEF Berry, de Jo Dr RSC, Officer, Senior Research Boyden, Dr Jo UNICEF ROSA. Hart, RSC and Dr Jason Assistant, Research 4 5 Research , December 1999 - December , , January 1999 - December 2003 January , , March 2000 - February 2000 March 2001 , , June 1999 - June 2001 1999 - June June , This project seeks to complement, by the use of in-depth ethnographic research methods, the ongoing methods, the use of in-depth ethnographic research by seeks to complement, This project by years the past several which has been conducted over programme health and demographic surveillance Witwatersrand. of Health at the University Unit in the School of Public the Health Systems Development settled in large numbers in among Shangaan-speaking communities who have on Mozambicans Focusing the livelihood explores the project north easternAgincourtAfrica’s border, sub-districtthe on South objectives, the Mozambicans’ aims to relate The research to their hosts. strategies of the incomers relative strategies to emerging migrant and interests policy at a time of rapid legal and political change, and refugee The field to informingwith a view health and socio-economic policy in the region and nationally. future Findings will be Golooba-Mutebi. Dr Fred is being carriedresearch a Ugandan researcher, out by journal papers. articles and working reports, disseminated through Household structure, livelihood strategies and health in a border region of South Africa: of South region strategies and health in a border livelihood Household structure, opportunities on Mozambicans and status and employment examining the impact of legal African hosts their South W Mellon Foundation Andrew Dr Steve Tollman, Department of Community Health, University of Witwatersrand, and Dr David Turton, and Dr David Witwatersrand, of University Department Health, of Community Tollman, Dr Steve RSC. former Director, The aim of this study was to examine contemporaryThe aim of this study was of various assumptions about the benefits their families apart and social integration from living of children for the development interventions understanding of the situation of a thorough This required political and natural emergencies. following their families themes and issues could be apart so that shared from who live groups of children different the social norms in light of identified and explored child-rearing and practices that influence in different anthropological, an analysis of all of the available gained through This understanding was cultural contexts. interviews as with practitioners as well of children, on the circulation psychological and agency literature It is hoped that lessons learned about the risks who had experience with separated children. of working them will inform by the coping strategies in emergencies and faced the design of more children devised by a of support: ‘Networks The completed report to meet their needs. interventions appropriate and effective Sweden. the Children Save by has been published for separated children’ issues of care review literature Care and protection of separated children in emergencies: an examination of the an examination in emergencies: of separated children and protection Care on child circulation literature psychological and agency anthropological, W Mellon Foundation Andrew Barnen) Children Sweden (Rädda the and the Save Sr Maryanne Loughry, Pedro Arrupe Tutor, RSC, and Associate Prof Colin Macmullin, Research Associate, Research Colin Macmullin, Prof Associate and RSC, Tutor, Arrupe Pedro Loughry, Sr Maryanne RSC. 2000 RSC. Assistant, Research Gillian Mann, The purpose of this project was to construct instrumentThe purpose a research relevant which has meaningful and was of this project The study is being conducted indicators use with former of adjustment for child soldiers in Sierra Leone. in collaboration with the International Macmullin Colin Associate Professor Loughry Sr Maryanne by and on former focuses northern child Uganda, study being conducted in Kitgum, A related Rescue Committee. the to investigate this study sets out mentioned instrument, of the above Using an adaptation abductees. on medium- and long-term interventions psychosocial of various rehabilitative if any, effects, differential Army (LRA) in northernadjustment of former Uganda. Resistance the Lord child soldiers abducted by Assessing psychosocial adjustment of formerAssessing psychosocial child soldiers in Sierra and northern Leone Uganda International Rescue Committee W Mellon Foundation, Andrew This project prepared the groundwork for the previously mentioned project, whose purpose is to explore project, mentioned for the previously the groundwork prepared This project the full range of to protection assistance and inability to provide the international humanitarian regime’s duringthe seed grant The objectives migration forced complex emergencies. today’s by people affected the existing to review methodology; the project’s refine for the collaborating institutions to period were made to reform the of proposals to compile an inventory the project; to of relevance literature and to define the case study in Sri a pilot to undertake Lanka; case studies; to identify humanitarian regime; in the humanitarian regime. institutions involved with key be developed to relationships collaborative Complex forced migration emergencies; towards a new humanitariannew a study) (pilot regime towards migration emergencies; forced Complex T MacArthur Foundation Catherine D and The John formerly Denmark, Research, for Development Centre Officer, Research Senior Hear, Van Dr Nicholas RSC. Officer, Senior Research , January 1999 - December 2001 January , , May 1999 - December 2001 - December 1999 May , , April 2002 1999 – March , , April 2001 1999 - December ,

Dr Dawn Chatty, Deputy Director, RSC, and Dr Gillian Hundt, Warwick University. Warwick Dr Gillian Hundt, and RSC, Deputy Director, Chatty, Dr Dawn Children and adolescents in Palestinian households: living with the effects of prolonged living households: and adolescents in Palestinian Children migration conflict and forced W Mellon Foundation Andrew The and their households are and adolescents when they has examined what happens to children This project integrating a multi-disciplinary perspective from It examined their lives to move. and forced uprooted an attempt to gain a holistic understanding in sociological and psychological approaches anthropological, economic and and the wider social, the community, family in the context of the group, of their lives Bank and West the Jordan, Syria, teams in Lebanon, local by conducted was The research political arena. policy and to contribute to practice, endeavours the research as contributingAs well to theory, Gaza. in its third is now The project of better services and adolescents. for children in the provision programmes which focuses on the is currently under production An edited volume the dissemination phase. year, conflict and the effects of prolonged lives historical children’s refugee and cultural context of Palestinian 100th Association’s Anthropological American at the will be presented Papers migration. and forced Arabic. in English and of the major findings has been published report ‘lessons learned’ A Meeting. Annual This sociological study of the role MSF and MDM have played in linking medical humanitarianism with played MSF and MDM have This sociological study of the role It seeks these organisations. and insight into, of, systematic knowledge human rights action aims to develop and values the ideas, become involved, to describe and analyse the situations in which MSF and MDF have of the consequences and experience their activities in these settings, beliefs that impelled them to do so, face try and the practical and moral dilemmas they as they to implement and interventions, their presence of including the reconciliation emerged, of central issues have A number and their goals. their precepts short-term between emergency of resources the allocation within the organisations, national differences the of humanitarianism, ‘militarisation’ the the challenge posed by activities, and long-term development exposed in humanitarian of the media and the danger to which staff are role emergencies. The main aim of this comparative study is to explore the experiences the study is to explore a of integration from The main aim of this comparative of refugees single country of origin policy and country their strategies different contexts and to analyse for in two this in Italy and the Netherlands, Yugoslavia former from By focusing on exile communities integration. EU states; in the two of refugees (1) the social conditions issues: the following addresses research qualitative (3) the policy contexts and themselves; the refugees by (2) the assessment of integration success as evaluated In exploring strategies the of refugee for integration. affect the development in which they the ways the analysis EU states, in the two Yugoslavia formersituation and settlement experiences from of refugees Collection of data for this of integration. in the process plays that gender focuses on the role continuously is expected in December 2001. 2001 and the final report completed in January study was a study of medical (MSF) and Médecins du Monde (MDM): Médecins sans Frontières humanitarianism and human rights witnessing in action The Nuffield Foundation USA. of Pennsylvania, University Department of Sociology, Fox, Renée C. Prof Dr Jo Boyden, Senior Research Officer, RSC. Officer, Research Senior Boyden, Dr Jo the Netherlands - experiences in Italy and of integration Yugoslavia former from Refugees and Oppenheimer Fund, British Council, Council for Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), European Lisa Gilad Initiative, Fund Hayter RSC. Gilad Senior Officer, Lisa Dr Maja Korac, Children affected by armed conflict and forced migration: social, cultural and individual and cultural social, armedmigration: by affected Children and forced conflict and coping vulnerability factors resilience, mediating Mellon Foundation W Andrew armed by affected and conflict to children and practice in relation thinking seeks to move This project The first twofold. aims are Specific and programmes. policies help to improve migrationforced and thereby critique as a constructive is to offer traditional theory of development childhood and child and concepts of in highly detrimentalapplied to children concepts and theories and to generate new circumstances that are greater empiricalThe second is to promote agency. and social context and to children’s to cultural sensitive social integration during and roles and of their conflict and displacement understanding of children’s multi-disciplinaryon children’s desk studies Five of coping with such adversities. to and means responses social integration in the context of well-being and psychosocial moral learning and their socialisation, – of war ‘Children An edited volume, been completed. armed migration violence and forced political have is near completion. based on a series of field studies, assumptions’, ethnographic challenges to prevalent Research 6 Child-Focused Research at the RSC

Recent decades have witnessed a significant increase in the number of armed conflicts ranging from sudden political crises to unstable post-conflict situations. Conflict has its greatest impact on the poorest communities in the poorest countries and children under age 18 are among the most severely affected. More than half of the world’s 22.4 million displaced people are children and adolescents.

In the late twentieth century young people have become a Feature Article major theoretical and empirical concern, attracting considerable research and policy interest. Developmental psychology, paediatric medicine, demography and education have been in the forefront of this work. Anthropology and sociology have made a smaller, yet quite significant, contribution. In the main this research and practice have failed to provide an holistic understanding of children’s experiences 7 and have commonly privileged adult judgement, concepts and perspectives over those of the young. The RSC Children in Armed Conflict Programme aims to generate new approaches to research with children and to develop greater understanding of children’s actual life experiences. Different projects within this programme have assumed varied substantive and theoretical foci, and empirical evidence has been drawn from a broad Pakistan/Refugees from Afghanistan/Ankora Refugee Village, UNHCR/S. Errington range of geographic contexts, especially the Middle East, South Asia, East and West Africa. Some of the major findings are as follows:

Research conducted in 2000 has shown that children’s social competencies and their peer and sibling support systems are a neglected area and also one that appears very meaningful in terms of child survival, well-being and coping in the context of adversity. Children’s relationships with one another are seen to be critical to their emotional and physical well-being, and in certain circumstances children may prefer to turn to one another for social support rather than to adults. Work to be undertaken in Tanzania will explore this poorly understood area further.

The involvement of children in war, as victims, participants and survivors, is a major challenge for researchers of childhood. Crucial questions focus on children’s social integration and learning in conditions of social discord and violence but prominent Western theories of human cognitive and social development in relation to such issues appear to have limited explanatory powers. Analysis of the literature indicates that contemporary social theory has yet to contend adequately with child development at the extremes of human experience. A fuller empirical exploration is necessary for a better understanding of how participation in armed conflict affects moral growth and behaviour in the young.

One project of the RSC which aims to improve the collection of empirical data addresses the psychosocial adjustment of child soldiers in Sierra Leone and northern Uganda. Two widely-used psychological scales assessing adjustment have been adapted to the cultural contexts of both countries. This project aims to ensure that such psychological tools ultimately enable researchers to discern the adjustment levels of different groups of children, thereby providing a means of assessing the successes of different programmes aimed at rehabilitating children involved in conflict.

In the Middle East research has investigated the effects of forced migration and prolonged conflict on children and adolescents living in Palestinian households. This found children and adolescents to be active, politically aware individuals and recommended their increased input and involvement in programming and policy making currently conducted on their behalf. Female children were seen to be exposed to widespread discrimination, increased workload, reduced educational opportunities, and to face family and community pressure encouraging early or forced marriages. Counselling and youth clubs for girls encouraging self-expression and group solidarity are seen as positive steps in redressing this imbalance. The context of such prolonged conflict and displacement also emphasised a need to reinforce Palestinian identity through both formal and Sri Lanka/Internally Displaced Persons, UNHCR/M. Kobayashi informal programmes which record family and national histories.

On a wider scale, world attention has tended to focus on the recruitment of child soldiers, land mine victims and other issues that are directly linked with armed conflict. Country studies in South Asia have also highlighted the significance of so-called low intensity conflicts. Whilst these conflicts do not necessarily cause widespread civilian deaths, the effects in terms of repression, loss of security, displacement, impoverishment and other such phenomena are considerable. Security checks, curfews and identity cards together with reduced access to education, medical facilities, farmlands, employment and other resources are critical aspects of military strategy throughout South Asia, and indeed in many other areas of the world. The research shows that these strategies reduce survival options and produce major changes in the roles and responsibilities of children within the family. They are also a major cause of family dissent, dispersal and separation, child trafficking, hazardous child labour, child-headed households, early marriage and child-bearing and sexual violence against children.

The following RSC staff are involved in child focused research projects:Dr Jo Boyden, Dr Dawn Chatty, Sr Maryanne Loughry and Gillian Mann.

The Refugee Studies Centre has been fortunate to be the recipient of several major grants from the Andrew W Mellon Foundation for this research on children and armed conflict.

Additional support for individual projects has come from the following sources: Save the Children Sweden (Rädda Barnen), Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Department for International Development (DfID) UK, Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), The UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia, The British Council, International Rescue Committee, The Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Save the Children Alliance, The Oppenheimer Fund - Queen Elizabeth House. e on es, “It was king was very fruitful inar I could have hoped Dr Dawn Chatty with students, post-exams. students, Chatty with Dr Dawn . non-refoulement “I never felt like there was any competition between any of the MSt any competition between any felt like there was “I never very eager to help each other and learn always was Everyone students. with to interact I benefitted so much from being able from each other. different countriespeople from so many and with such different backgrounds.” very impressed with the organisation of the MSt course and “I was Their … with the enthusiasm of the teachers and staff of the RSC. dedication to teaching and enthusiasm for the subject material were evident and made the learning process exciting and enjoyable.” “The intimate class and commitment and support sizes of a centre that practitioners conducts research also trains on refugee issues but not only very on behalf of refugees makes the MSt programme and advocates I policy-type programmes unique and sets it apart from other public looked at.” MSt Student 2000-2001 Reilly, Janet Comments by justifiability of justifiability the immigration control, asylum detention of humanitarian seekers, and the intervention priority of Methods: Research Offers a two-term substantive theoretical, and practical course in social science research methods appropriate to the study of forced migration. in Forced Issues and Controversies Seminar: Core Migration: a multi-disciplinary seminar seriesPresents examines which of elements of the international framework legal and normative as its causes and consequences. migrationforced as well to students taking the MPhil in These courses are also available House who choose studies in Queen Elizabeth development Forced option. as a second year Migration further information about the MSt degreeA booklet providing Admissions Secretary at the the MSt can be obtained from [email protected]. E-mail: +44 (0)1865 270272. Tel: RSC. and applications to join Enquiries admission procedures about Graduate should be made to: programme the degree Square, Wellington Offices, University Admissions Office, E-mail: +44 (0)1865 270708. Tel: UK, 2JD, OX1 Oxford, [email protected]. Dr Randa Farah, Visiting Fellow, RSC, and Fiona McKay LLM, and Fiona McKay RSC, Visiting Fellow, Dr Randa Farah, Prof James C Hathaway, Director of the Program in Refugee and the Program of Director C Hathaway, James Prof Convenor: Convenors: Given this success the course is due to be reconvened next year on 11-12 May 2002. on 11-12 May next year this success the course is due to be reconvened Given

Asylum Law, University of Michigan, and Senior Visiting Research Associate of the RSC. Visiting Research and Senior of Michigan, University Asylum Law, The Law of Refugee Status of Refugee The Law Oxford. Queen Elizabeth House, 2001, 19-20 May solicitors and legal offic It attracted 44 participants UK universities, from attended. well course this annual was Once again, Palestinian Refugees and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Universal Refugees Palestinian Oxford. Queen Elizabeth House, 2001, 12-13 May Human Rights Project. of the Kurdish Deputy Director including a variety of backgrounds, 20 participants from attended by well was held for the first this year, time This course, of information a breadth course the covered days, two In officials and UN agencies. government NGO staff, students, solicitors, the historical background as well as contemporary debates on human rights in the area. At the same time, the course allowed tim the course allowed At the same time, the historical as contemporary background debates on human rights as well in the area. for discussion and exchange of ideas which was appreciated by the participants. An Israeli participant commented, participantAn Israeli commented, the participants. by appreciated for discussion and exchange of ideas which was I feel the networ good atmosphere and relations among all of us. and facilitated informative and very interesting, stimulating, In short the most beneficial sem it was of us. all towards and I was impressed with the absolute respect I felt from all of you for.” Short Courses Liberal Democratic States and the Evolution of Asylum: of Liberal Democratic States and the Evolution forced Examines the implications of connections between state, migration for the sovereign of globalisation and processes national security economic and the distinction between migrants and asylum seekers. International Law: Human Rights and Refugee Examines the origins of human rights and evolution and a basic and provides the past 100 years over law refugee legal and political complexities of understanding of the relevant protection. refugee Migration: Ethical Issues in Forced effortsConsiders the ethical issues raised by to assist and including the migrants, of forced movements control Introduction to the Study of Forced Migration: to the Study of Forced Introduction to the study of Offers approach sociological a predominantly such topics as territorialcovering migration, identity, forced and the socio-economic and environmental ‘home’ concepts of causes and consequences of human displacement. Master of Studies in Forced Migration in Forced of Studies Master courses has offered on issues Studies Centre The Refugee In migration and forced since 1987. to refugees relating Board the General in the field, interest to a growing response the setting up a of approved of Oxford of the University Migration in 1996. in Forced (MSt) degree Master of Studies the MSt in Forced for the firstOffered in October 1998, time This nine-month Migration entering is now its fourth year. course in a multi-disciplinary is grounded that approach politics law, sociology, of anthropology, includes the perspectives a seriesThrough of taught courses and international relations. range broad exposed to a students are seminar series, and a core psychology, including internationalof approaches relations, the courseThe aim of economics and health sciences. ecology, is to help students understand the complex and varied nature migration of of forced its centrality to global processes and as the needs and as well social and economic change, political, Students gain a broad migrantsaspirations of forced themselves. migration on forced understanding and are of the literature to the methodologies relevant to a range of research introduced field. that the degree has been years programme In the three backgrounds and diverse come from students have running, included lawyers, have They nearly all continents of the world. military NGO and IGO workers, graduate students, doctors, officials and independent scholars. government personnel, their first completed recently undergraduate degree Some have before of years for a number worked others have courses; return Many to work deciding to return to formal education. while others go in humanitarian assistance and development, on to further study and research. The courses and seminars MSt degree in the offered are: programme Teaching 8 9 Teaching ugee . sed over routinely in sed over routinely Sr Maryanne Loughry, RSC, and Prof Alastair Ager, Queen Ager, Alastair and Prof RSC, Sr Maryanne Loughry, In collaboration with the Asian Research Centre for Migration, Centre Research Asian In collaboration with the the RSC will be offering its first Chulalongkorn University, in MigrationRegional School in Forced in December 2001, The Regional School is modelled on Thailand. Bangkok, International Summer School in Forced University’s Oxford Migration access to the benefits of the and enables of cost for reasons International Summer School for those who, the Regional addition, In to the UK. travel cannot or time, greater migration focus on forced as it relates School will have a major While the course is held in Bangkok, Asia. to Southeast the School will attract Thailand, in coordination hub of refugee as South Asia as well participants other parts from of Southeast Oceania and further afield. Asia, in 2002, place 8-26 July summer school takes Next year’s The RSC/ARCM Regional School Oxford. College, Wadham at 3-13 December 2001, Migration place from in Forced takes Applications for either Bangkok. Chulalongkorn University, course School should be made to the RSC Summer at Dr Shannon Stephen, administrator, places to secure [email protected] Every year one or two topics emerge as a particular to one or two interest Every year one of the This year the participants School. of the Summer primary and for legal protection the need themes was humanitarian to those falling assistance traditional outside the in particular internally displaced people. regime, refugee Gibney Matthew Summer School were at this year’s Tutors Ahearn, Fred Loughry Maryanne (Deputy Director), (Director), Lecturers and Monette Zard. Turton David Graeme Rodgers, Bennett, Jon Ahearn, and seminar leaders included Fred Irene Guy Goodwin-Gill, Stephen Castles, Chaloka Beyani, Toby Susan Martin, Neil Macfarlane, Maryanne Loughry, Kahn, Administration Turton. and David Summerfield Derek Porter, Cunning. Jane Shannon Stephen and by provided was prepared and … had genuine interest in “The group tutors were well a facilitative They took discussed. view of issues being the participants’ in assisting each participantrole that went a long way to learn at their own pace.” the test for a successful RSC summer school is the Ultimately, extent to which the learning experience on impacts positively summer school participants their the work do upon resuming Muturi Peter has the last word: normal jobs. experience and skills learnt duringsummer school the “My exposure, responsibilities back I take on my in the refugee will influence the way to project value to add I will be able organisation. in my programme reflecting on the issues discussed.” constantly design by Migration Southeast Asia Regional School in Forced provided unique challenges through thought-provoking lectures, readings, challengesprovided unique lectures, through thought-provoking plenaries group discussions and exercises.” and , Convenor: . “It has been incredibly challenging and thought-provoking and the material was delivered by Jim Hathaway challenging the material and by and thought-provoking “It has been incredibly delivered was (Peter Muturi, Lutheran World Federation/Department World Lutheran (Peter Muturi,

This course, being held for the second time, explored the issues and interventions that currently the issues and interventions characterise explored psychosocial ref being held for the second time, This course, in a style that was sharp, innovative and gave great clarity. It brought me right back to considering glos the meaning of words great clarity. and gave innovative in a style that was sharp, The Psychosocial Experience and Needs of Refugees NGOs and government agencies as well as representatives from Ireland, the USA, Slovenia, Afghanistan, Thailand and Korea. The Thailand and Korea. Afghanistan, Slovenia, the USA, Ireland, from as representatives agencies as well NGOs and government grounding and thorough a and non-lawyer, and accessible to both lawyer which is both intensive in a way course presents, Society Committee for the Law by been accredited It has and its 1967 protocol. interpretation of the 1951 Convention and scholars advocates with a sound understanding of the It aims to equip policy makers, Development. Professional Continuing international rights refugee regime. more armour far imagined - thank you!”. the Convention and made me realise I have to challenge decisions than I had ever unfair of Oxford University Ruskin College, 5-8 September 2000, Edinburgh. College, University Margaret and workshops the course of lectures, consisted in psychosocial work, with an interest Designed for humanitarian workers work. migration gender and forced and of conflict, the nature psychosocial responses, included: covered Topics small group work. 12 participants. attended by The course was understanding children. the needs of refugee Summer School participants “I was impressed with the diversity of issues being addressed and their being addressed of issues impressed with the diversity “I was Each module topic of forced migration. significance to the general The Summer School ran for 15 working days, covering topics covering days, The Summer School ran for 15 working the globalisation of conceptualising forced migration; including: needs and experiences psychosocial of migration?; forced setting; and health policy in a refugee coordination refugees; negotiating asylum policy and international law; refugee filled were Evenings lessons learned. and, institutional responses; seminars and other social events. of films, with a programme “As the modules began, I had an opportunity meeting other of “As the modules began, Each of experiences brought a wealth to share and injected participants. applications of what we were learningpractical in class.” The International Summer School in Forced MigrationThe International aims to in Forced Summer School migrants and other forced with refugees those who work give a better understanding of the forces and institutions that been of those who have and the world dominate their world of culture intention is to help sustain a The overall uprooted. practitioners the and to give practitioner’ ‘reflective the skills useful in the opportunity to practice and develop workplace. held its 12th InternationalThe Refugee Studies Centre 74 2001. Migration 20-20 July Summer School in Forced from in 36 countriesparticipants of 30 nationalities working senior government included Participants attended the event. UN departments, central and local government officials from other international and staff from humanitarian aid workers, and faith-based NGOs, national and specialist organisations, organisations. “My responsibilities require a thorough understanding of the complex require a thorough understanding “My responsibilities to responses and solutions refugee plight, of the issues in the generation It is against this background that I desired an the challenges... of options in meeting variety that would expose me to a understanding the challenges the interlocking the influencing of addressing factors refugee crisis.” 2001). School and Summer Participant, Service, World for Summer School Summer n August 2000 the RSC Library was officially integrated into the Oxford University Library Services (OULS). This now comprises 30 libraries including the major Oxford research libraries such as the IBodleian, Taylor and Sackler, as well as faculty and departmental libraries, all under the direct management of Mr Reg Carr, Director of University Library Services and Bodley’s Librarian. The RSC Library still retains its strong RSC identity, servicing the needs of the Centre, its research staff, students, and external users first and foremost but through the new structure increasingly plays a role within the wider University Library sector. Library

One Year After Integration The benefits of integration have been very apparent in the first year. Recognition of the University’s future commitment to the Library, 10 taking full financial responsibility in 2003 once the transition funding from the Ford and Mellon Foundations ends, has been shown in the decisions to make the Librarian’s position permanent, and to provide two-year contracts for her assistants. The Library has also recently joined the University’s common photocopy card system. This allows photocopying in participating Oxford libraries with a universal copy card, which has greatly simplified copying procedures for readers. The Library has also been successful in upgrading a large proportion of its computer hardware through a bid to the centralised OULS equipment fund. The new computers have been greatly welcomed by both staff and students. MSt student making use of the new computers

Library Use As ever the Library continues to maintain its premier position in the field of refugee studies. Its bibliographic database now holds almost 35,000 records, comprising a unique mix of grey literature, books, journals and audio-visual resources. These resources have been well used over the past academic year as shown by the number of users visiting the Library in person and by the number of searches made of the web catalogue.

User Base New Library registrations totalled 404, an increase of 14% on the previous academic year. Of these, 72% were from outside the University of Oxford, 58% were visiting academics and postgraduates, 15% were undergraduates and 27% were other visitors. The majority of readers, 71%, were from the UK and Europe but there were significant numbers of readers from Africa and Asia, 49 and 22 respectively. Of all new registrations over half were inducted in groups, represented not only by RSC and QEH students and Summer School participants but also by users from the Disaster Management Unit at Cranfield University, the Centre for Development and Emergency Practice at Oxford Brookes University, the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London and the UK Home Office.

Web Statistics From August 2000 to July 2001 the total number of web catalogue searches was 7,186, an increase of 20% on last year. Interestingly the summary breakdown by regions was proportionally very similar, with the exception of Africa which showed a slight rise in searches. Searches from miscellaneous addresses (such as .net and .com) also rose slightly to 29%. The online catalogue can be accessed via http:// www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/rsc/.

Involvement in the Digital Library Project Throughout the past year, the Library staff have continued their active involvement in the Digital Library project (see over) through the processes of selecting, pulling, processing and barcoding of documents prior to scanning, and reintegrating them into the main collection on their return.

New Publication on the Library In May 2001 the RSC Library was the focus of issue 100 of Library and Information Briefings, published by BUBL Information Service (www.bubl.ac.uk) The full title was ‘Information services in a research library: Refugee Studies Centre Library’, by Sally Brock, South Bank University, London. This publication assessed the history, role and future plans for the Library and its collections. 11 Forced Migration Online thematic and country-specific guides to research on forced migrationthematic and country-specific on forced issues with pointersresearch guides to to further on the web information available updated highlights feed with regularly a news back runs journals of academic online teaching resources a searchable catalogue with descriptionscatalogue a searchable of migration forced in the field of and resources relevant links to those resource simultaneous allowing agent cross-search a online library catalogues, of websites, searching resources databases and other electronic and searched a digital library of full text documents and journal online, articles which can be read printed as required

orced Migration Online (FMO) will deliver a vast range of materials of to forced migration related on all topics range a vast will deliver (FMO) Online Migration orced an space where into a users will draw design and elegant innovative An the world. throughout issues and refugee research commissioned the less will lead guides Specially available. will be resources of selected abundance

Until FMO is officially launched, further at: information is available Until FMO is officially launched, http://www.forcedmigration.org/portal/home/homepage.htm [email protected] E-mail: During the course of the project, further partners from will be recruited During the course of the project, user gauge to help contribute content, the world regions around different is currently a significant amount of There needs and conduct user training. and cataloguing thought going into defining appropriate metadata, to the devoted energy is being much In addition, standards. interoperability process. the creation packages that will streamline of technology development FMO is being hosted by the RSC but the coordination team will rely upon a network of international upon a network team will rely the coordination but the RSC FMO is being hosted by the advisory comprises: A core panel for the project partners a global information to create resource. Tufts International the Feinstein Famine Center at Czech Helsinki Committee; Migration Health at and Public on Forced the Program Boston; University, the Higher Education Digitisation Service in York; New Columbia University, Dr by is directed project The American in Cairo. University and the the UK; Marilyn Deegan at the RSC. The primary all those undertaken by aim of FMO is to support process and facilitate the scholarly research encompassing migration defines forced broadly, the RSC, like FMO, migration. in forced with an interest as conflict as well factors, and environmental initiatives development of disasters, displacement as a result of many a detailed overview guides will provide The research and internally(refugees displaced people). migrants the including significant populations of forced around migration issues in forced studies, key psychosocial and important children, thematic issues and debates such as the situation of refugee world these guides will be cross-referenced Written specialists, by issues and the plight of the internally displaced. resources. and electronic literature relevant and will also identify the key • • • • • • • The resources available on FMO will include: on FMO available The resources Research has shown that finding information online is a frustrating experience for most users. While web that finding information has shown online is a frustratingResearch experience for most users. are they for certain kinds of requests, adequate results enginessearch and subject directories can deliver migration forced is As a subject area, unsatisfactoryfrequently migration. for fields such as forced A portal means is one particularly challenging and diffuse in focus. it is interdisciplinary because in nature environment. information chances of locating reliable efficiently in a web researchers’ of greatly improving The RSC is developing a comprehensive electronic information system for refugee and forced migration information and forced electronic system for refugee a comprehensive The RSC is developing practitioners and other interested to researchers, resources of web-based a wealth studies that will offer and further Mellon Foundation W support the EU, from Andrew a substantial grant the With from parties. emerges out of the FMO period has been funded for a three-year beginning 2001. in January the project W Andrew the from also with funding Digitalsuccess of the RSC Library which started Project in 1997, for full text searching online thousand documents will be available Several and the EU. Mellon Foundation will be the Digital of which Library is an important component, full FMO portal, and the late 2001, by launched in 2002. experienced through the materials, while experts can go straight to sophisticated search and retrieval tools. Available search to sophisticated tools. while experts and retrieval can go straight experienced the materials, through newsletters and articles, including copies of reports, digital of grey literature, will be a Digital Library through FMO of external guides and catalogues and resources (both digital statistics, maps, as visual images, as well conference papers, of key analyses as reflective as well facts, updated news and regularly It will provide and teachingnon-digital) materials. the policy makers, practitioners, students, academics, in this field: an interest all who have FMO is aimed at issues. information themselves. providers and forced migrants media, F he RSC regards the cultivation of partnerships with other institutions as an intrinsic part of its activities. These links widen the Centre’s research and dissemination, and make important Tcontributions to capacity building of both linked institutions and the RSC itself. British Council/DfID Higher Education Links This Scheme aims to promote collaboration that will increase the capacity of Higher Education Institutions to apply their knowledge and skills to contribute to sustainable development and the Institutional Links reduction of poverty and suffering in poorer countries. The Scheme offers Higher Education Institutions in the UK and overseas the opportunity to work together on issues of mutual interest for their mutual benefit. Links between the RSC and institutions in Bangladesh, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania and Vietnam are currently being supported under this programme.

12 Bangladesh Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit (RMMRU), Dept of International Relations, University of Dhaka Tom Feeney from the RSC visited RMMRU to conduct research and explore the potential for collaboration and capacity strengthening in responses to children and conflict related displacement. Dr Shahdeen Malik visited the RSC to gain access to recent theoretical literature on migration and research issues relating to the Bangladeshi community in the UK and to develop plans for future collaboration. Abrar Chowdhury also visited the RSC to explore areas for research collaboration and capacity building.

Morocco Universities of Casablanca, Marrakesh and Oujda In March 2001 Dr Dawn Chatty and Monette Zard made a week-long visit to Marrakech University, Oujda University and the British Council Offices in Rabat. Dr Gil Loescher travelled to Casablanca University and gave a seminar presentation to the graduate students in the Faculty of Law. Dr Cathie Lloyd (QEH) also represented the RSC at a colloquium in Rabat. Houria Alami from the Faculty of Law in Marrakech visited the RSC in January, while visits were also received from Meryem Aouman, Driss Djebli and Abdelaziz Radi from the Faculty of Law in Casablanca.

South Africa School of Government, University of Western Cape (UWC) Dr Shannon Stephen attended a conference, to assist with programme development and fundraising work and investigate an additional future links partner (University of Witwatersrand). Dr Randa Farah, a visiting fellow at the RSC, also visited UWC to present a seminar, collaborate on research and to identify research and capacity-building projects of mutual interest. Lt. Col. Naison Ngoma visited the RSC to collect research materials on peace and security issues, attend a seminar and meet Dr Stephen Castles.

Tanzania Centre for the Study of Forced Migration-CSFM , Dar es Salaam University Gillian Mann and Richard Gartner both made visits to CSFM during the year. Return visits were received from Ms Opportuna Kweka, Dr Khoti Kamanga and Rita Mwaipopo (see article opposite).

Vietnam Women’s Studies Department, The Open University, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) Sr Maryanne Loughry and Associate Professor Colin MacMullin taught a course on child-focused counselling in April 2001 in HCMC. A joint research project investigating the migration of female rural workers to HCMC has been finalised and is being prepared for publication. Return visits to the RSC were made by Dr Thai Thi Ngoc Du, Mr Li Chi An and Mr Nguen Ngoc Lam.

Thematic network on Humanitarian Development Studies (HumanitarianNet) Set up in 1995 with the support of the European Commission, the purpose of the network is to improve the work of European Universities in the field of development and humanitarian aid. The RSC is a member of a subgroup of the network focusing on ‘Migration, Multi-culturality and Ethnic Minorities’.

UNITWIN/UNESCO Forced Migration Network Funded by the UNITWIN/UNESCO Chairs Programme, this initiative is designed to develop university networking and linking arrangements, with the ultimate objective of strengthening higher education in developing countries. Apart from the activities one would normally associate with such an academic programme (such as staff exchange, visiting professorships, curriculum development and the sharing of information and documentation), the Programme also seeks to provide a forum for dialogue and discussion between researchers, policy makers and practitioners. The Chair of the network is currently held by Professor Khadija Elmadmad, Hassan II University, Morocco. The other member institutions of the network are An-Najah National University (the Palestinian Authority), Yarmouk University (Jordan), the University of the Western Cape (South Africa) and the Refugee Studies Centre. The network holds an annual meeting and produces a regular newsletter. A Report from the Centre for the Study of Forced Migration, Dar es Salaam

By Dr Khoti Kamanga, Coordinator, Centre for the Study of Forced Migration, Faculty of Law, University of Dar es Salaam. Email: [email protected] or [email protected]

Feature Article

When the Centre for the Study of Forced Migration (CSFM) of the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was being launched in early 1995 there existed no prototype in the region and continent. Though this remains largely true to this day, the Centre has recorded significant successes in its declared objectives. These are to: 13

• offer academic programmes • run short-term training for practitioners • conduct forced migration research • carry out dissemination and outreach activities

In these first five years achievements towards these objectives can be most directly attributed to the ongoing assistance that it has received from the Refugee Studies Centre. This assistance comes under the auspices of the CSFM/RSC Link, generously supported by Department for International Development (DfID) and administered by the British Council. 2000 with the objective of serving as a training and dissemination centre. Focusing on Eastern Africa, including the Visits Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa, it has recently Over the years nearly 90% of CSFM staff (including the held its second course, this time in a two week long session, Coordinator) have spent varying periods in Oxford at the drawing participants from as far afield as Rwanda and Canada. RSC. Staff have participated in the RSC Summer School, In April 2000 CSFM organised a successful three day regional undertaken research projects as Visiting Fellows, benefitted workshop ‘Refugee Law and Policy for Decision Makers’, and from consultations on the preparation and development of in March 2001 the Centre submitted to the Government of courses relating to refugees and forced migrants, and received Tanzania a study report ‘Review of Refugee-Related Policies training in the administration and management of a and Laws’, a project commissioned by the European Union. Documentation Centre. Visits also provided the important opportunity for the acquisition of essential books, journals and Expanded Collaboration Networks a considerable amount of grey literature otherwise unavailable Support from the link with RSC and University of Dar es in Tanzania. Whilst at the RSC, CSFM staff simultaneously had Salaam has enhanced the CSFM’s capacity to negotiate, attract the chance to share their experiences of, and perspectives on, additional sources of funding and initiate more structured issues of mutual interest through informal discussions and networks with a host of institutions both local and foreign. Key presentations through a number of open seminars. in these linkages and working relations are the Ford Foundation, which is funding CSFM for a further period of Visits have not all been one way and a number of RSC staff two years, and the continuing support for the CSFM/RSC members have made the return journey to Dar es Salaam, link from the British Council. The Institute for the Study of helping with the development of the Centre and also using it Forced Migration (ISFM) at Georgetown University as a home away from home for further locally based research. (Washington, DC) is increasingly becoming a pre-eminent The initial triennium saw the visit of the RSC Director, Dr research partner. Alongside the RSC and the Regional Centre David Turton and Mr Richard Milner. The current phase of for Strategic Studies, Colombo, Sri Lanka, CSFM is currently the Link has seen the visits of Ms Monette Zard, Ms Gillian engaged in the MacArthur funded research project ‘Complex Mann, Mr Richard Gartner and Dr Gordon Wilson. Forced Migration Emergencies: Towards a New Humanitarian Regime’. Other important institutions in an ever expanding Training and Research network of collaborators and supporters include: UNHCR; With the help and support of the RSC, CSFM has been able International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); Lutheran to establish itself as a formal institution within the Faculty of World Federation; Norwegian Peoples Aid; Lawyers Law at the University of Dar es Salaam and has succeeded in Committee, New York; The Refugee Consortium of Kenya; the initiating courses relating to refugees and forced migrants National Consortium on Refugee Affairs in Pretoria, South within the University. The East African School on Refugee and Africa; the Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation in Humanitarian Affairs (EASRHA) was inaugurated in January Lilongwe (Malawi); Centre for Conflict Management of the National University of Rwanda; the Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation; the School of Law of the University of New Mexico, USA; and the Organisation of African Unity Secretariat.

Future Plans Still nascent, but promising, are increased outreach networks with local NGOs, particularly those with bases in refugee- hosting areas of the country. Already plans are underway to finalise ties with a number of groups in the Kigoma and Kagera Regions and it is anticipated that Gillian Mann’s research on the lives of refugee children in western Tanzania will help develop these plans. CSFM continues to have expanding horizons and is set to develop further its training courses and working collaborations. It is increasingly becoming an attractive destination for both local and foreign researchers with an interest in refugee related matters and we are extremely grateful for the role that RSC has played in Presentation of an EASRHA Certificate of Attendence developing its reputation and helping to secure its future. Forced Migration Review

Published three times a year in English, Spanish and Arabic, Forced Migration Review presents 48 pages of analysis and debate on forced migration issues around the world.

“Always punchy, provocative and pertinent …. Essential reading for all practitioners, researchers and policy makers working in the area of forced migration.” (Jeff Crisp, Head, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR) Publications Forced Migration Review is published in association with the Global IDP Project of the Norwegian Refugee Council. It includes articles (peer reviewed), debate responses, news and research updates, details of new publications, conference reports, website information, and news from the Refugee Studies Centre and the Global IDP Project.

“I have found Forced Migration Review a wonderful source of reporting on issues particular to refugees. All respect to those who publish this unique work.” (Dr Eyad al-Sarraj, Director, Gaza Community Mental Health Programme) 14 The first two issues published in the past 12 months included special features on ‘Accountability’ (issue 8, August 2000) and ‘Gender and displacement’ (issue 9, December 2000).

“Congratulations! The issue of FMR on gender and displacement is really on the mark and peers have attested its high quality, relevance and clarity.” (Srilakshmi Gururaja, UNICEF Senior Adviser, Gender)

The announcement of issue 10’s feature theme of ‘UNHCR and the Convention at 50: fighting fit or in need of a by- pass?’ prompted an unprecedented number of offers of articles; thanks to additional funding by UNHCR’s Department of International Protection, we were able to increase the number of pages in that issue to 60.

Forced Migration Review has an extensive readership of practitioners, researchers and displaced people. In the past twelve months readership has increased considerably. In May 2000 we posted the English edition to 1,792 subscribers. By May 2001 this had increased to 2,655 subscribers (many of whom take multiple copies to distribute to field offices). In the past year we have also substantially increased the number of readers in the South – now 54.5% of all subscribers. Meanwhile, distribution of the Arabic edition has expanded from 700 to 1200.

The current and all back issues of Forced Migration Review are now available on the FMR website (www.fmreview.org) with a variety of download options for faster and slower internet access. We now have a separate website for the Arabic edition (www.hijra.org).

There are three part-time staff working on Forced Migration Review: Editors Marion Couldrey and Tim Morris, and Subscriptions Assistant Sharon Ellis.

We would like to express our particular thanks to the Norwegian Refugee Council and to the following organisations for their support over the past year: AUSTCARE, Danish Refugee Council, DfID, Ford Foundation Cairo office, European Union, Lutheran World Federation, Oxfam GB, Save the Children UK and UNHCR.

“Your well-researched articles provide us with an insight on issues, tribulations and dilemmas in dealing with internally displaced people and refugees. Keep it up!” (Major Kasili Mutambo, National Disaster Operations Centre, Kenya)

Subscribe online (or request a sample copy) at www.fmreview.org, email us at [email protected] or write to the RSC address.

Subscriptions FREE for: residents of ‘developing’ countries - students/unwaged - refugees/IDPs £15 (US$26) individual £25 (US$43) institution £40 (US$68) multiple subscription rate for 3 copies (for more than 3 copies, add £5/$9 per additional copy)

Journal of Refugee Studies

The quarterly Journal of Refugee Studies (JRS), published by Oxford University Press and now in its 14th year, reached a landmark during 2000 as its Founding Editor, Professor Roger Zetter stepped down and was replaced by Dr Joanne van Selm of the University of Amsterdam. During his time as editor, Roger Zetter built the JRS into a global journal that embodies the field of refugee studies – a journal which contains both disciplinary and multi/interdisciplinary research on refugees, has enriched the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of the field, and provides an independent arena for exploration, documentation and dissemination of research findings. Professor Zetter’s last year in charge was no exception. Topics covered in Volume 13 included analytical studies of changing asylum policies in Europe, as well as empirical material from diverse disciplinary backgrounds on the reception of refugees in the US and Kenya, involuntary resettlement in Columbia and Rwanda, and refugee return to Bosnia, Angola and Georgia. In the health field, work was published on oral health care for refugees in West Africa, and on the physical and psychological health needs of refugees in the United States. An important theoretical contribution on globalisation and humanitarianism by Indian scholar B.S. Chimni was published in issue 13.3.

Dr van Selm’s past work includes the volume Refugee Protection in Europe (published in 1997 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers) and an edited collection on Kosovo’s Refugees in the EU (published in 2000 by Pinter). Various new initiatives are now in the pipeline including a special issue on forced migration and religion, which is anticipated for publication in 2002. JRS welcomes contributions from academics, researchers and practitioners on any aspect of forced migration and national and international responses.

To subscribe to JRS or to receive a free sample issue, contact: Journals Marketing Department, Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1865 267907, Fax +44 (0)1865 267845, E-mail: [email protected], or check the JRS website at http://www3.oup.co.uk/refuge/ 15 Publications of d James Milner James Matthew J Gibney Matthew B.S.Chimni - This paper was originallyThis paper was as given - B.S.Chimni wledge of street life are highly prized. life are wledge of street New out this year: New Volume 10: Displacement, forced settlement and conservation. forced Displacement, 10: Volume $25.00/£17.00 304 pages, ca. 2001/02, Winter Colchester, Chatty and Marcus Dawn Edited by A collection of case studies which examine the interface between conservation and indigenous A collection of case studies which examine the interface between communities forced to move in order to accommodate conservation concerns in order to accommodate conservation and investigate to move forced communities successful and not so successful community-managed, as well as local participatory, conservation as local participatory, as well successful and not so successful community-managed, projects. Volume 9: Whatever happened to asylum in Britain? A tale of two walls. A tale of two happened to asylum in Britain? Whatever 9: Volume $22.50/£15.00 208 pages, 2001, Louise Pirouet, This first-hand study of asylum policy and practice in Britain argues passionately that Britain today a place of a reputation for providing ignorance and misunderstanding, through away, should not throw to contribute much to people who have welcoming and the chance of safety for the persecuted, national life and culture. Tanzania. in urban Burundi refugees in Bongoland: Fear 8: Volume $22.50/£15.00 240 pages, Summer 2001, Sommers, Marc to work Tanzania camps in central remote who escaped from the story of Burundi youth refugee Tells an ethno-graphic creates portraitThis volume of es Salaam. Dar cities, fastest-growing Africa’s in one of and a kno cunning life where urban refugee Terence Wright Terence

. Training Materials Training module. Training A Psychosocial The Refugee Experience: with CD- volumes Two Ager eds. Alastair LoughrySr Maryanne and Prof Rom and video. This thirty-hour training module is aimed at humanitarian assistance their competences in the planning, wishing to improve workers to Sensitive of psychosocial programmes. implementation and evaluation in the field and issues of accessibility the module has been resources The and an Internet version. CD ROM print, formats: in three prepared module will be updated and modified in the light of feedback from further For details practitioners and the changing experiences of refugees. please contact [email protected]. Working Paper No. 3, February 2000 3, No. Paper Working protection. humanitarianism of refugee and the erosion Globalisation, Books Berghahn the multidisciplinaryreflects nature Refugees Studies Centre, Berghahn Books in association with the by published This series, an social psychology geopolitics, geography, medicine, anthropology, the field and includes within its scope international law, economics. London School of Economics. Department, Law and Dr Chaloka Beyani, RSC, General editors of the series Chatty, Dr Dawn are +44 Tel: UK. Plymouth PL6 7PY, Road, Estover Books Ltd, Berghahn series of the books in the any order please contact: To www.berghahnbooks.com Website: [email protected] E-mail: +44 (0)1752 202333, Fax: (0)1752 202301, Refugee and Forced Migration Series: Refugee and Forced Working Paper No. 4, May 2000 May 4, No. Paper Working and state security. protection of refugee the convergence Towards Sharing the security burden: the first Harrell-Bond Lecture Recent Papers in the Series:Recent Papers December 2000 No 6, Paper Working of irregular the situation migrants in Europe. the law: of Outside the protection RSC Working Papers provide a means of disseminating work in progress by researchers at the RSC and of making available RSC and of at the researchers by in progress work of disseminating a means provide Papers Working RSC the RSC. by organised and hosted at meetings given and lectures proceedings conference seminar papers, RSC at a the from copies can be purchased Hard as HTML or PDF files. the RSC website at available freely Papers are Working order £2 ($3.20) to an overseas Please add Oxford/RSC. of to University made payable Cheques should be ($4.80). cost of £3.00 of postage and package. the cost to cover a UK order or £0.50 to Working Papers Working 2000 November 5, No. Paper Working on screen Refugees Staff Publications

Jo Boyden ‘Resilience, vulnerability and coping in children affected by extreme adversity.’ With Gillian Mann, background paper for the RSC/C-FAR consultation on Children in Adversity, September 2000, Oxford. Available at http://www.childreninadversity.org/ ‘Scientific conceptualisations of children and youth: trends and issues.’ Chapter in Managing Reproductive Life: Cross- Cultural Themes in Sexuality and Fertility, S. Tremayne (ed.), Berghahn Books, New York, Oxford 2001. Staff Publications and Presentations Stephen Castles ‘Citizenship and migration: globalisation and the politics of belonging.’ With Alastair Davidson. London: Macmillan 2000. ‘Ethnicity and globalization: from migrant worker to transnational citizen.’ London: Sage 2000. ‘Asian migration and settlement: focus on Japan.’ (Special Issue of Asian and Pacific Migration Journal) with Kenichiro Hirano and Patrick Brownlee (eds.) Quezon City: Scalabrini Migration Center 2000. ‘Ethnicity in Australian society.’ With Ellie Vasta Chapter in Sociology of Australian Society, Jake Najman and John Western (eds.). 16 Melbourne: Macmillan.2000. ‘Citizenship and immigration in Australia.’ With Gianni Zappalá. Chapter in From Migrants to Citizens: Membership in a Changing World, T. Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer (eds). Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2000. ‘The impacts of emigration on countries of origin.’ Chapter in Local Dynamics in an Era of Globalization, Shahid Yusuf, Weiping Wu, and Simon Evenett (eds.). New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank 2000. ‘International migration and the nation-state in Asia.’ Chapter in International Migration in the 21st Century, M. A. B. Siddique (ed.). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar 2001. ‘The rights and obligations of immigrant citizens and non-citizens in Australia.’ with Gianni Zappala, Chapter in Citizenship in a Global World: Comparing Citizenship Rights for Aliens, edited by Atsushi Kondo. Basingstoke: Palgrave 2001. ‘International migration at the beginning of the twenty-first century: global trends and issues.’ In International Social Science Journal Vol. 52, Issue 165, pp 269-81. Sept. 2000. ‘Studying social transformation.’ In International Political Science Review, Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp13-32. January 2001. ‘Globalization and citizenship: an Australian dilemma.’ In Patterns of Prejudice Vol.35, Issue 1, pp 91-109. January 2001.

Mike Cave ‘Travelling at the speed of discovery: the MALIBU project’s most valuable lessons.’ In Ariadne, 26, February 2001.

Dawn Chatty ‘Integrating participation into research and consultancy: a conservation example from Arabia.’ In Social Policy and Administration. Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp 408-418, December 2000. ‘Tanthiim Al-Nisa’: Al-Jamaa’aat al-Nisaiya al-Rasmiya wa Ghayr al-Rasmiya fii al-Sharaq al-Awsat.’ With A. Rabo (eds) Damascus: Al Mada Press, 2001. ‘Bedouin economics and the modern wage market: the case of the Harasiis of Oman.’ In Nomadic Peoples, Vol. 4, Issue 2, June 2001.

Marilyn Deegan ‘The death of the book.’ Chapter in Contemporary Themes in Humanities Higher Education, E.A. Chambers (ed.) , Kluwer, 2001. DRH 99 (Digital Resources for the Humanities 1999), with Harold Short (eds.), Office for Humanities Communication, Dec 2000.

Matthew Gibney ‘Asylum and the principle of proximity.’ Ethics, Place and Environment, Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 313-317, 2000. ‘Outside the protection of the law: the situation of irregular migrants in Europe.’ RSC Working Paper, No. 6, published in conjunction with the Jesuit Refugee Service Europe, Oxford, 2000, 52 pages, also available at http://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/rsc

Louise Heinink ‘Copyright Clearance in the Refugee Studies Centre Digital Library Project.’ With Marilyn Deegan and Mike Cave, in RLG DigiNews, Vol. 4, Issue 5, October 2000.

Maja Korac ‘Cross-ethnic networks, self-reception system, and functional integration of refugees from Former Yugoslavia in Rome, Italy.’ In Journal of International Migration and Integration, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp1-26, January 2001.

Maryanne Loughry ‘The behavioural and emotional problems of former unaccompanied refugee children 3-4 years after their return to Vietnam.’ With E. Flouri, in Child Abuse and Neglect , Vol. 25, pp 249-263, 2001. ‘The refugee experience: a psychosocial training module.’ (Revised edition) co-edited with A Ager, in two volumes with CD-Rom, Oxford: RSC, 2001.

Gillian Mann ‘Resilience, vulnerability and coping in children affected by extreme adversity.’ With Jo Boyden, background paper for the RSC/C-FAR consultation on Children in Adversity, September 2000, Oxford. Available at http://www.childreninadversity.org/ ‘Networks of support: A literature review of care issues for separated children.’ Save the Children Sweden, 2001 Staff Presentations

As well as taking the lead role in the organisation of seminars conferences and workshops, RSC staff have continued to be extremely active in wider networking and dissemination activities. Responding to calls for papers, invitations to present seminars and for representations at policy making and research arenas, RSC staff have made over 60 presentations in over 20 different countries. Highlights include presentations made at a Special Session of the General Assembly for the follow-up to the World Summit for Children, in New York; a paper given at the International Sociological Association Research Committee on Migration Conference in Liège; participation in a consultation organized by the Office for the Special United Nations Representative on Children and Armed Conflict, in Florence; and presentations at events organised by ‘Digital Resources for the Humanities,’ in the UK. Sr Maryanne Loughry 17 Students and Visiting Fellows Supervised by Future alternatives: notions of ‘identity’, notions of Impact of economic Non-formal education and ; MBBS; currently MBBS; ; (St Antony’s) - LLB Antony’s) (St . Supervised Dr Matthew by . Research: Research: ; MPhil in Comparative Politics; MPhil in Comparative ; ; MA in International Relations; ; ; MA in Management and Public MA ; (Balliol) - BSc Comparative (Balliol) - BSc (Green) - BA Jewish History/Political Jewish - BA (Green) (Green) - BA English/Drama, Diploma English/Drama, - BA (Green) (St Antony’s) - BA History/Economics - BA Antony’s) (St (Centre for International for (Centre Studies) (Queen Elizabeth House) ; MA in Latin American Politics; formerly a American Politics; MA in Latin ; (Oriental Institute) (Queen Elizabeth House) (Centre for European Politics, Economics and Economics Politics, European for (Centre (Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology) (Institute of Social and Cultural Citizenship reform in the Federal Republic of Germany. reform Republic Citizenship in the Federal . Supervised by Dr Patricia Daley, external supervision Supervised Dr Patricia by Daley, . Supervised by Dawn Chatty. Supervised Dawn by Ashok Sayenju – Nepal Ashok Sayenju country office in formerly a national consultant for UNDP’s in Nepal. Bhutanese refugees Research: Nepal. Kathmandu, Hakan Sicakkan – Norway Kate Smart – UK policy producing Advisor in London, Policy freelance to informrecommendations negotiations with the Home asylum policies in the UK. Research: Office. Annabel Mwangi Annabel Mwangi the protection of refugees relating to of practice of the evolution A study in Kenya Turton. Dr David by Ratcliffe Richard identity formation among the Bedouin of the Negev. Ann Childs (Education Studies). Chatty with Dr Dr Dawn Mariz Tadros Clara Leal – Colombia in Bogota, currently Office, adviser at the Presidential Policy; International Cooperation for Internally People Displaced mechanisms and instruments of NGOs Research: Programmes. income- and alternative and states that generate employment for displaced households. generating activities Visiting Study Fellows Unni Krishnan Karunakara – India currently lecturing of and completing a PhD at the University Politics. Bergen in Comparative of in the development ‘alien models’ and ‘citizenship ideology’ national and international and asylum regimes. refugee Daniel Pins - Israel Daniel Pins - USA Reilly Janet Melissa Sturm - USA - SriLanka Wanigasekara Randhir Law a being awarded a pass with two All of the students achieved offered After graduation some students were distinction. internships - with International Catholic Migration and Geneva, with UNHCR London Albania, Commission in Two and with International of Migration. Organisation One returned to to do DPhil research. at Oxford remained Administration. graduate in Public school to complete a degree Others Africa. Refugee ServiceOne joined Jesuit in Southern held to previously knowledge their new taken have administration. and public occupations in media production Gibney. and Dr Matthew Turton Supervised Dr David by Gruber Janet experiences 1967- Eritreans’ Ambiguities of displacement and return: 2000. Ann Hammerstad Koehler Jobst on relations between Christiansliberalization and Muslims in Egypt. Chatty. Dr Dawn Supervised by in London. ‘Child-to-Child Project’ Officer on the Project the resilience to child development, approaches new Research: social and cognitive adversity, confronting of children competencies of children. Health at the a doctorate in Public towards conducting research socio- the historical, Research: Hopkins University. Johns political and legal contexts of conflict in Sudan and Uganda. Janet Penrose - UK Penrose Janet Studies World Third 2 Studies in Level Work, in Social Diploma in Management Science, Government UNHCR and discourses of security Gibney. Society) with Dr Randall Hansen. Gibney Supervised Dr Matthew by The efugee identity and Traditional health Traditional Supervised Dr by The role of the NGO in ; PhD in Social-Cultural ; Women’s comprehensive health comprehensive Women’s ; PhD in Urban and Regional ; (Linacre) - BA Development - BA (Linacre) (Hertford) Government - BA Chatty. Supervised Dr Dawn by

(Campion) - BA Philosophy/ (Campion) - BA (St Hugh’s) - BA History, MSc - BA History, (St Hugh’s) (St Antony’s) - BA Journalism - BA and Antony’s) (St (St Antony’s) - BA World Affairs World - BA Antony’s) (St (Queen Elizabeth House) ; D.Phil in Political Economy; in Political D.Phil ; (St Cross) - BA Sociology - BA (St Cross) (St Cross) - BA Anthropology - BA (St Cross) (St Antony’s) - BA Anthropology - BA Antony’s) (St ; MA in International Relations and ; (Oriental Institute) ; MSc in Medical Anthropology; currently Anthropology; MSc in Medical ; (Queen Elizabeth House) R (Centre for European Politics, Economics and Politics, for European (Centre (Queen Elizabeth House) (Oriental Institute) Supervised by Dr Dawn Chatty with Dr Eugene Supervised Dr Dawn by . Supervised by Dr Dawn Chatty, external Chatty, Supervised Dr Dawn by . Children first: ideas and the dynamics of aid in Western of aid in ideas and the dynamics Children first: formerly worked in Saudi Arabia. Research: social and cultural Research: Arabia. in Saudi formerly worked to the United Kingdom. who move backgrounds of refugees – UK Sara Gibbs Randa Farah – Jordan/Canada Randa Farah Planning; currently in Urban Planning at the senior lecturer Planning; sustainable refugee Research: Nigeria. of Lagos, University Region. integration models for the ECOWAS Gassoum Bilal – Sudan Visiting Fellows Babarinde – NigeriaJacob International Economics; formerly a consultant to the refugee International Economics; Committee for Human Rights. at the Lawyers programme law. separation and refugee Research: for CERMOC and UNWRA. worked Anthropology; the history under the British of Palestine Mandate, Research: the history and relationships issues of generation and gender, and UNRWA. refugees between Ford Foundation Visiting Research Fellow (Refugee Fellow Visiting Research Foundation Ford and Human Rights) Law – UK Monette Zard Visiting Fellows open to senior and mid- at the RSC are Visiting fellowships academics and other practitioners and policy makers, career to forced in fields related working who are researchers is normally Each fellow assigned an academic adviser migrants. of and will be expected to undertake a specific programme study or research. self-directed practices, use of medicinal plants and the interface between traditional use of medicinal plants and the interface practices, and modern systems in Ethiopia. health care Turton. external supervision Dr D by Gerry Bodeker, Tunisia. care in (Middle East Centre). Rogan Eric Greitens Angel Foster Angel Society) Hareya Fassil Hareya children for war-affected programmes Assistance abroad. Voluntary Nicola Cozza Turton. Dr David supervision by Marcia Byrom Hartwell Byrom Marcia of impact of political and economic reconstruction on the processes during post-conflict period.forgiveness and revenge the early Dr Stephen (succeeded by Turton Supervised Dr David by Adrian (Queens Guelke April 2001) and Prof Castles in Belfast). University, mobilisation DPhil Students Supervised Staff by RSC Talal Basma Bint Development Studies Development MA (focus on International Relations) and Italian, Ethnic Conflict Comparative of Jordan. the social development Jaremey McMullin - USA Jaremey Mulenga Nkula - Zambia Mass Communication Romi Kaplan - Israel Kamini Karlekar - India - Japan Kikkawa Aiko Studies Micheal Gallagher - USA Jarrah - Canada Balkees Yasuko Asano - Japan Yasuko - Sweden Åsa Frostfeldt human rightswith focus on and gender The fourteen students for 2000-2001 came from nine different The fourteen for 2000-2001 came from students countries various and had academic and professional outside scholarships. had been awarded Three backgrounds. Master of Studies Students of Studies Master Theology MDiv JD Law, MA Philosophy, English, Weekly Seminars on Forced Migration

Michaelmas Term, 2000 (October to December). Borderlands, East Africa. Professor Peter Little, Department Convenor: Dr Matthew Gibney of Anthropology, University of Kentucky The evolution of the refugee concept and asylum since Networks of support: care issues for separated children. the end of the cold war: an inquiry into human rights Ms Gillian Mann, Refugee Studies Centre, University of and the will of states. Professor Guy Goodwin-Gill, Socio- Oxford

Seminars, Conferences & Workshops Legal Studies, University of Oxford The persistent myth of dependency among refugees in Why do refugees return home? Dr Gaim Kibreab, South Africa. Dr Oliver Bakewell, Independent Scholar ‘Self- Bank University Reception’ System Reconstructing refugee status: law and the politics of Experiences of integration of refugees from Former interpretation. Professor Colin Harvey, Faculty of Law, Yugoslavia in Italy. Dr Maja Korac, Lisa Gilad Senior University of Leeds Research Officer, RSC, University of Oxford Refugees and population displacement: a Russian 18 perspective, 1915-1918. Professor Peter Gatrell, Department Trinity Term, 2001 (April to June) of History, University of Manchester Convenor: Dr Maja Korac Corporate social responsibility and refugee protection. Gender, nation, landscape and identity in narratives of Mr Philip Rudge, founder and former head of the European exile and return. Dr Barbara Einhorn, Director, Research Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) Centre in Women’s Studies, University of Sussex Protection or impunity? The exclusion from refugee UK ‘expert reports’ for Former Soviet Union asylum status of those who commit serious international appeals. Dr Robert Chenciner, Senior Associate Member of St crimes. Ms Monette Zard, Ford Foundation Visiting Fellow, Antony’s College, University of Oxford RSC, University of Oxford Rethinking forced migration studies in the context of Rights-based humanitarianism: What do we mean? How globalisation and transnationalism. Professor Stephen does it help? Mr Hugo Slim, Oxford Brookes University Castles, Director, RSC, University of Oxford Temporary protection after Kosovo. Dr Joanne Van Selm, Mobility dilemmas: ecological displacement of Fulbe University of Amsterdam pastoralists, central Mali. Dr Mirjam de Brujin, African Studies Centre, University of Leiden Hilary Term, 2001 (January to March) International and local aid during the Second Intifada Convenors: Dr Dawn Chatty and Dr Jo Boyden (October 2000 - February 2001): an analysis of Palestinian refugees: re-inscribing time and place across Palestinian public opinion in the West Bank and Gaza generations. Dr Randa Farah, RSC, University of Oxford Strip. Dr Riccardo Bocco, Professor and Research Director, East Timor, continuing concerns. Dr Ines Smyth, Field Graduate Institute of Development Studies, University of Director, OXFAM Post-Amsterdam Treaty Developments in Geneva EU Asylum Policy, Dr Ryszard Cholewinski, Faculty of Law, Growth and health in a refugee camp: how reliable is University of Leicester ‘conventional wisdom’? Dr Ken Porter, Institute of The politics of refugee health care: a case study of the Biological Anthropology, University of Oxford Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Dr Pat Diskett, Refugees in Rwanda 1993-1994: the role of the Security Cranfield Disaster Management Centre Council. Dr Linda Melvern, Fellow of the University of Wales, Market booms and displaced traders in the Somalia Aberystwyth, Department of International Relations Public Lectures

Elizabeth Colson Lecture, 6 June 2001, Oxford Surpassing nostalgia: personhood and the experience of displacement. Speaker: Dr Renée Hirschon, St Peter’s College, University of Oxford Chair: Professor Stephen Castles, Director, RSC Over 100 people attended the lecture at Rhodes House. Based on her studies of people displaced by the break up of the Ottoman Empire in 1922-3, Dr Hirschon’s lecture examined ideas of identity and the person. It argued that personhood and place are intrinsically linked and that this relationship varies between cultures. The implications of this work for those involved in policy and therapeutic practice were also explored. Dr Renée Hirschon Conferences

Children in adversity: ways to reinforce the coping ability and resilience of children in situations of hardship. 9-12 September 2000, St Anne’s College, University of Oxford. Convenors: Dr Jo Boyden, RSC and Dr Jo de Berry, Department of Anthropology, Brunel University

110 participants were brought together to share their knowledge, research information and practitioner experience to promote a better understanding of children, their development, their capacities and vulnerabilities, and the risks they face in highly detrimental settings. The participants divided into five working groups on: refugee and displaced children; children in armed conflict; working children; children and family incapacitation; and children in deleterious institutional settings.

It was proposed that recognition of children’s competencies and resourcefulness can encourage a move away from a focus on child pathology and towards a recognition of children as social actors with valid insights and skills. This in itself can lead to better child protection. Workshops

Children and adolescents in Palestinian households: living with the effects of forced migration and prolonged conflict. A regional dissemination workshop and consultation for 30 researchers and practitioners was held 4-8 October in Tadros, Cyprus. Five Palestinian research teams presented preliminary findings to each other and to representatives of local NGOs and IGOs in the region including UNRWA and Save the Children. Over the following twelve months each team engaged in local dissemination of findings, thanks to a grant from the Swedish International Development Agency. f ‘development’ is the cultivation of links, Canada, the Costopoulos Foundation in Greece, friendships, supporters and alliances, the RSC DfID in the UK, the Lisa Gilad Initiative from the Iis the consummate master of development. The US and Canada, the MacArthur Foundation, the Centre’s ability to turn supporters into friends and Mellon Foundation, the Nuffield Foundation, the advocates is remarkable. Robert A Johnson, whose Oppenheimer Fund at Queen Elizabeth House, death has been mentioned elsewhere in these pages, Save the Children Sweden, Save the Children-UK, was a true friend who held high ambitions for the SIDA in Sweden and UNICEF. Forced Migration Centre and valued its activities with a humane Review received support from AUSTCARE, the Development outsider’s eye. This year we have received personal Danish Refugee Council, the Ford Foundation help from many people who were one-time donors Cairo Office, the Norwegian Refugee Council, to the RSC. Of course we understood that their Oxfam GB, SCF UK, UNHCR and UNICEF. monetary support might, at some time, come to an And the Summer School received support from the end. What we might not have anticipated was their European Commission, the Ford Foundation 19 continuing interest and enthusiasm for our work. offices in East and Southern Africa, the Thai Embassy of the UK Foreign Office and SIDA, Arriving in a cold and wet March, I was initiated Sweden. To these, and to our many friends and into the work of the RSC first of all by the advocates, we are grateful. comprehensive research of my predecessor, Jeremy Prall. When a longer history of the Refugee Studies During the last year we have begun to recruit Centre comes to be written, with, I hope, a chapter members to our new Development Council. This on its coming to solid financial security in its third will be akin to the former Outreach Council and, decade, Jeremy’s work building on that of Belinda like the Outreach Council, we will be asking Allan should have a prominent place. Without his members to use their contacts and influence to research we would be much less well placed to benefit the RSC. Unlike the Outreach Council we move forward with recruiting new friends for the will be communicating with them principally by RSC. A few of the prospective friends he phone and e-mail, rather than through regular researched I knew; many we could secure meetings. At the Harrell-Bond Lecture in October introductions to from others; for still others we we will launch a new ‘Friends of the Refugee need the help of the Oxford University Studies Centre’ scheme. As well as contributing Development Office to find ‘door openers’. All the directly to the resources of the Centre, the Friends RSC’s development work must take place under of the RSC will strengthen the Centre’s case when the umbrella of the University Development appealing for funds to both private and official Office, and an important part of the Development sources. Friends will also be encouraged to Officer’s work is keeping the Oxford and New contribute their own perspectives on the issues of York offices up to date with the energetic forced migration through participation at an fundraising which goes on at the Refugee Studies Annual Friends’ Colloquium, led by the Director Centre. In doing so I have great pride in pointing in the autumn of each year. out the enormous success of the RSC in gaining outside funding for all of its twenty year history. The principal goal of the Development Officer remains, as ever, to secure the long-term financial It is gratifying to record the help of friends and sustainability of the RSC. Endowments for two supporters for the work of the RSC in the year posts, one a Lectureship in Forced Migration and 2000-2001. The Ford Foundation continued to the other in International Refugee and contribute to our core costs for a final year. The Humanitarian Law, as well as for the administrative Andrew W Mellon Foundation and Oxford costs of the Centre itself, are central to this end. University supported the integration of the Robert A Johnson’s contribution towards the Refugee Studies Centre Library into the endowment of the Lectureship in Forced University’s library system. The Mellon Foundation Migration, which begins the matching of the also continues to support the electronic portal Mellon Foundation’s Challenge grant of 1999, puts project, a major element of the Centre’s future us some way along the road towards endowing this outreach capacity. The United Kingdom’s post. The Department for International Development has work to given us a major three year grant for the RSC’s complete this Outreach work, work further funded by the Royal endowment Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway. The Dulverton and to initiate Trust has continued its support for the Dulverton the other Lectureship for a final year. The Jesuit Refugee endowment Service pays the salary of the Pedro Arrupe Tutor funds and the Joyce Mertz Gilmore Foundation has given continues: towards a Visiting Study Fellowship. The Ford promising Institute of International Education gave set-up contacts have costs for a short course, ‘Palestinian Refugees and been made the Declaration of Human Rights’. Funding for the and several Centre’s research came from Bernard van Leer, proposals Netherlands, The British Council, CIDA in submitted. Nancy Kenny, Development Officer STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR YEAR ENDING 31 JULY 2001

2000-2001 1999-2000 Funds in hand to support core expenditure 1172,756 85,835

Income Accounts Core income, including educational activities and 354,251 386,603 support to Library2 Research grants, fellowships and projects, excluding 374,514 389,559 major project below3 Forced Migration Review 67,382 62,085 20 Development-induced Displacement/Resettlement 22,968 21,084 Forced Migration Online 181,466 55,828 Psychosocial Training Module 17,176 69,763 Complex Forced Migration Emergencies 14,979 7,459 Refugee Voices in Europe 35,511 59,479 Palestinian Children and Adolescents 55,507 66,109 War-affected and Displaced Children 61,822 50,957

Total Funds Available £1,358,332 £1,254,761

Expenditure Core expenditure, including educational activities and support to Library Salaries 130,095 109,887 Rent, utilities and overheads 7,245 36,205 Office equipment and maintenance 2,906 2,895 Stationery, photocopying, telephone, postage 23,296 16,703 UK travel and subsistence, conference and course fees 4,359 4,918 Overseas travel and subsistence 6,986 6,880 Summer School accommodation and facilities 80,185 67,006 Hospitality, including Summer School and Fellows 2,084 2,430 Programme Acquisitions: books and periodicals 358 822 Recruitment and advertising 4,115 44 Miscellaneous 2,334 300 Support to Library 45,152 55,131

£309,115 £303,221

Research grants, fellowships and projects, excluding 371,670 386,020 major projects below Forced Migration Review 67,382 62,085 Development-induced Displacement/Resettlement 22,968 21,084 Forced Migration Online 181,466 55,828 Psychosocial Training Module 17,176 69,763 Complex Forced Migration Emergencies 14,979 7,459 Refugee Voices in Europe 35,511 59,479 Palestinian Children and Adolescents 55,507 66,109 War-affected and Displaced Children 61,822 50,957

Total Expenditure £1,137,596 £1,082,005

Funds carried forward to support core expenditure 4220,736 172,756

Notes 1 Brought forward from Financial Year 1999-2000. 2 The principal sources of core support are set out on the back cover. 3 The principal sources of support for fellowships, research and projects are set out on the back cover. 4 Carried forward to Financial Year 2001-2002, ie balance brought forward 1 August 2001. Those 2000-2001 accounts which remain outstanding as at 31 July 2001 will appear in the Statement for the year ending 31 July 2002. Endowed academic posts are not included in the above accounts. Staff News

Dr David Turton stepped down as director in December 2000 after fours years at the RSC. His significant contribution to the Centre is discussed in the Director’s Foreword. David is spending time with his family while pursuing his own research and writing. He continues to enjoy a close relationship with the RSC and remains involved in a number of ongoing projects. David was succeeded by Dr Stephen Castles, who joined the RSC in February 2001 from his former post as Director of the Centre for Asia Pacific Social Transformation

Studies at the Universities of Wollongong and Newcastle, Australia. Jeremy Prall, seduced by the charms of Staff, Associates and Patrons country living, has joined Sedburgh School in Cumbria to take charge of their Development Office. He takes with him an expanding family and the best wishes from all at the RSC. His replacement was Nancy Kenny who brings with her inside knowledge of the Oxford University Development Department, previously having been Chair of the Committee which raised £3.6m for a new University swimming pool. Maja Damaj, who was assisting Dawn Chatty with her Palestinian Research as a part-time researcher and assisting FMR with the Arabic edition, is now undertaking her own doctoral research on visually impaired children in Beirut. She has been replaced in her work for Dawn Chatty by Mezna Quato, who is a Probationary Research Student at the Middle East Centre, St. Anthony’s College. During the year the RSC also welcomed Jane Cunning who joined us from the University Occupational Health Service as part-time Assistant to the Summer School Administrator. Teaching and Research Staff

Dr Jo Boyden Dr Stephen Castles* Dr Dawn Chatty Ms Maja Damaj** Senior Research Officer Leopold Muller Reader Dulverton Senior Research Research Assistant and Director Fellow and Deputy Director Dr Marilyn Deegan Ms Patricia Feeney** Dr Matthew Gibney Dr Maja Korac Digital Resources Manager Research Officer Elizabeth Colson Lecturer Lisa Gilad Senior in Forced Migration Research Officer Sr Maryanne Loughry Ms Gillian Mann Mr Paul Ryder* Dr David Turton** Pedro Arrupe Tutor Research Assistant Research and Leopold Muller Reader Information Officer and Director Ms Mezna Quato* Research Assistant

Library / Publications / Administration Staff

Ms Rihan Abu-Deeb* Ms Dominique Attala Mr Mike Cave Ms Marion Couldrey Forced Migration Review MSt Admissions Secretary Technical Development Officer Forced Migration Review Coordinator, Arabic Edition Editor Ms Jane Cunning* Mr Brian Digweed Mrs Sharon Ellis Mrs Margaret Hauser Assistant to Summer Accounts Officer Forced Migration Review Assistant to the Director School Administrator Subscriptions and Clerical Assistant Ms Louise Heinink Ms Nancy Kenny* Ms Elisa Mason Dr Tim Morris Digital Library Development Officer Portal Information Officer Forced Migration Review Research Officer Editor Mrs Margaret Okole Mrs Corinne Owen Mr Jeremy Prall** Ms Sarah Rhodes Journal of Refugee Studies Development and Development Officer Librarian Assistant Editor Information Assistant

Ms Joanna Soedring Dr Shannon Stephen Mrs Ann Stephenson *Joined during 2000-2001 Assistant Librarian Summer School and Cataloguer **Left during 2000-2001 Visiting Fellows Administrator Research Associates Prof Alastair Ager, Prof Fred Ahearn, Dr Randa Farah, Prof Renée Fox, Prof James Hathaway, Dr Jaya Henry, Prof Renée Hirschon, Dr Richard Lawless, Ms Michela Macchiavello, Prof Colin MacMullin, Ms Sharon Rusu, Mr Abbas Shiblak, Dr Shaila Srinivasan, Dr Derek Summerfield, Dr Nicholas van Hear, Prof Roger Zetter

Patrons Mr Michael Harris OBE, HRH Prince el Hassan Bin Talal of Jordan, Sir Edward Heath KG MBE MP, HE Mr Shaharyar M Khan, Sir Claus Moser, Prof Dr Manfred Max Neef, Mr Olara A Otunnu, Lady Solti, Sir Brian Urquhart Funders

The Refugee Studies Centre thanks the following for their support during 2000-2001:

AUSTCARE Bernard van Leer, Netherlands Canadian International Development Agency, Canada Costopoulos Foundation Danish Refugee Council Department for International Development UK Dulverton Trust European Commission The Ford Foundation The Ford Foundation (East Africa) The Ford Foundation (Cairo Office) UK Foreign Office (Thailand Embassy) Jesuit Refugee Service Joyce Mertz Gilmore Foundation Lisa Gilad Initiative John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Andrew W Mellon Foundation Norwegian Refugee Council Nuffield Foundation Oppenheimer Fund Oxfam GB Queen Elizabeth House Robert A Johnson Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway Save the Children Fund, UK Save the Children Sweden (Rädda Barnen) Swedish International Development Agency, SIDA United Nations High Commission for Refugees, UNHCR United Nations Children Fund, UNICEF University of Oxford

Refugee Studies Centre Queen Elizabeth House University of Oxford 21 St. Giles Oxford OX1 3LA, UK Tel: +44 (0)1865 270722, Fax: +44 (0)1865 270721 E-mail: [email protected], Website: http://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/rsc/