Abbreviations

AA Auswärtiges Amt [Federal Ministry for AP II Protocol Additional to the Geneva Foreign Affairs, ] Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating AC alternate current to the Protection of Victims of Non- AC Arctic Council International Armed Conflicts ACF Australian Conservation Foundation APA ASEAN People’s Assembly ACHAP African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Programme APFA Accés à la Propriété Fonciére Agricole ACIA Arctic Climate Impact Assessment [Access to Agricultural Land] ACP Africa – Caribbean – Pacific API American Petroleum Institute ACS Association of Caribbean States APN Asia Pacific Network for Global Change ACTS African Centre for Technology Studies Research AD anno domini [after Christ] APPRA Asian-Pacific Peace Research Association ADB Asian Development Bank APR Asia-Pacific Roundtable ADHR Arctic Human Development Report APROFEM Association pour la Promotion de la Femme ADL Amu Darya Lowlands et de l’Enfant au Mali [Association for the Promotion of Women and Children in ADM Archer Daniels Midland Mali] AEW aerial early warning APWLD Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and AFD Agence Française de Développement Development AfDB African Development Bank AR4 Fourth Assessment Report (of IPCC in AFES-PRESS Peace Research and European Security 2007) Studies (international scientific NGO) ARF ASEAN Regional Forum AFREGS Armed Forces Regression Study ARIJ Applied Research Institute of Jerusalem AGOA Africa Growth and Opportunity Act ARW Advanced Research Workshops AI Amnesty International ASALA Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of AIAS African Institute for Agrarian Studies Armenia AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations AIOC Azerbaijan International Operating ASI Advanced Study Institutes (of NATO) Company ASPO Association for the Study of Peak Oil ALBA Alternativa Bolivariana para los Pueblos de ASS Africa Sub-Saharan Nuestra América (Bolivarian Alternative for ATTAC Association for the Taxation of Financial the Americas) Transactions to Aid Citizens ALIDES Alianza para un Desarrollo Sostenible AU African Union [Alliance for Sustainable Development] AWEO Alternative World Energy Outlook ALOS Advanced Land Observing Satellite (of JAXA) AWW African Water Week AltSEAN Alternative ASEAN Network AZ Arizona (USA) AMAP Arctic Monitoring Assessment Programme Bbillion AMCEN African Ministerial Conference on the B.C. Before Christ Environment b/d barrels/day ANAT Agence Nationale d’Aménagement du BAR basins at risk Territoire [National Agency for Territorial Management] BASA Amazon Bank (in Brazil) ANN Agence Nationale pour la Conservation de BAU business as usual la Nature [National Agency for Nature BBC British Broadcasting Company Conservation] BBC (conceptual work on vulnerability by) 2004 ANWR Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Bogardi/Birkmann ( ) and Cardona 1999/2001 AOA Agreement on Agriculture ( ) 1 159 AOSIS Association of Small Island States bbl barrel ( barrel = litres) AOYE Arab Office for Youth and Environment BC before Christ AP I Protocol Additional to the Geneva BCE before Christian era Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating bcm billion cubic metres to the Protection of Victims of BCPR Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery International Armed Conflicts (UNDP) 1334 Abbreviations

Bd billion dollars CAMRE Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for BEAC Barents-Euro-Arctic Council the Environment BEAR Barents-Euro-Arctic Region CAPCO Central African Power Corporation BGR Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und CAR Central African Republic Rohstoffe [German Federal Agency for CARE CARE International Geosciences and Raw Material] cat category BIG/CC Biomass Integrated Gasification/Combined CBCP Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Cycle BIISS Institute of International and CBD United Nations Convention on Biological Strategic Studies Diversity BIOMASS proposed P-band radar mission (of ESA) CBI Caribbean Basin Initiative BMBF Bundesministerium f’ür Bildung und CBO community based organization Forschung [German Ministry for Education CBR crude birth rate and Research] CBSS Council of the Baltic Sea States BMU Bundesministerium f’ür Umwelt, CCAMLR Convention on the Conservation of Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit Antarctic Marine Living Resources [German Federal Ministry on the CCC conventions, carbon cycle science and Environment, Nature Conservation and conservation of the environment Nuclear Safety] CCGA Chicago Council on Global Affairs BMZ Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche CCMS NATO Committee on the Challenges of Zusammenarbeit [German Federal Ministry Modern Society for Development Cooperation] CD UN Conference on Disarmament (in bn billion (in US and increasingly in the UK) Geneva) or a thousand million: 109 CDA Canada BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CDC US Centers for Disease Control and boe barrel oil equivalent Prevention BOO built, own, operate CDM Clean Development Mechanism BOS Borneo Orang-Utan Survival Foundation CDR crude death rate BOTA Boru Hatlar ile Petrol Tama Anonim irketi CE Christian era (Petroleum Pipeline Corporation), Turkey CE Central Eurasia BP British Petroleum company CEDARE Centre for Environment & Development BP before present for the Arab Region and Europe yBP years before present CEEAC Communauté Economique des Etats de BPOA Barbados Plan of Action l’Afrique Centrale [Economic Community BPS Bureau of Statistics (in Indonesia) of Central African States] BSC Black Sea Commission CEF Country Environment Profile BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy CEG Contact Expert Group BSEC Black Sea Economic Co-operation CEN Comite Européen de Normalisation Bt bacillus Thuringensis CENAPRED Centro Nacional de Prevencion de BTC Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline Desastres [National Centre for Disaster BTU British thermal unit Prevention in Mexico] BUIS Basin Irrigation Systems Management CENTCOM U.S. Central Command Authority (in Uzbekistan) CEO Chief Executive Officer BVO Basseynoe Vodnoe Ob’edinenie [River CEP Caspian Environment Programme Basin Authority of Syr Darya and of Amu CEPAL Comisión Económica para América Latina y Darya] el Caribe [Economic Commission for Latin BWO Basin Water Organization (in Central Asia) America and the Caribbean] CERES Centre for European Energy Strategy C degree Celsius (Brussels) CA Central America CERI Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches CA Central Asia Internationales (Paris) CACILM Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land CERM Co-ordinated Emergency Response Management Measures (of the IEA) CACM Central American Common Market CERT Citizen Emergency Response Training CAEC Central Asian Economic Community CESR Centre for Economic and Social Rights CAFTA Central American Free Trade Agreement CEWARN Conflict Early Warning and Response CAIS Central American Integration System Mechanism cal BP calendar years before present (calibrated CF Conceptual Framework dating) Abbreviations 1335

CFA Communauté Financière Africaine [African CP Conflict Prevention (office of UNDP) Financial Community] CPCC Canadian Peacebuilding Coordinating CFB Circulating Fluidized Bed Committee CFR Council on Foreign Relations (New York) CPDC Network on Conflict, Peace and CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy (of Development Co-operation the EU) CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment CGI Clinton Global Initiative CPR Chantier Populaire de Reboisement CHGA Commission on HIV/AIDS and [Peoples' Reforestation Sites] Governance in Africa CPV concentrator photovoltaic CHP Combined Heat and Power generation CR Caspian Region CHS Commission on Human Security CRED Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie des CIA Central Intelligence Agency Désastres (Centre for Research on the CICAD Comisión Interamericana para el Control Epidemiology of Disasters), Université del Abuso de Drogas [Inter-American Drug Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Abuse Control Commission] CRHC Comprehensive Reproductive Health in CIDA Canadian International Development Crises Agency CRIC Committee for the Review of the CIE Comité Inter-Etats [Inter-State Committee Implementation (of UNCCD) of the riparian states of the Senegal River] CRIM Center for Multidisciplinary Studies (of CIFP Country Indicators for Foreign Policy UNAM, in Mexico) CIFTA Convención Interamericana contra la CRSE Commission de Régulation du Secteur de Fabricación y el Tráfico Ilícitos de Armas l’Electricité [Electricity Sector Regulation de Fuego, Municiones, Explosivas y Otros Commission] Materiales Relacionados [Inter-American CRU/UEA Climate Research Unit; University of East Convention against the Illicit Anglia (in UK) Manufacturing of and Trafficking in CSCAP Council for Security Cooperation in Asia- Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Pacific other Related Materials] CSD (United Nations) Commission on CILSS Comité Permanent Inter Etats de Lutte Sustainable Development Contre la Sécheresse au Sahel [Permanent CSEC commercial sexual exploitation of children Interstate Committee on Drought Control CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial in the Sahel] Research CIMI Indian Missionary Council CSIS Center for Strategic and International CIR Indian Council of Roraima Studies (Washington, D.C., USA) CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CSLP Cadre Stratégique de Lutte Contre la CITES Convention on International Trade in Pauvreté Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and CSN National Security Council (Brasil) Flora CSP Country Strategy Paper CLOC Consejo Latinoamericano de CSP Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Organizaciones Campesinas [Latin Stations American Peasants Organizations] CSS Center for Security Studies (ETH Zürich cm centimetre CSSDCA conference on security, stability, CMP Catchments Management Plan development and cooperation (in Kampala, CNA US Center of Naval Analysis Uganda in 1991) CNAS Centre for a New American Security CNN Cable News Network DAC Development Assistance Committee (of CNTS Centre National des Techniques Spatiales OECD) [National Centre for Spatial Techniques] DANIDA Danish International Development Agency CO carbon monoxide DC direct current DCI Director of Central Intelligence CO2 carbon dioxide COE costs of electricity DDR disarmament, demobilization and COERR Catholic Office for Emergency Relief and reintegration Refugees DDT dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane COMELEC Comité Maghrébin d’Electricité [Maghreb DENIX Defense Environmental Network & Electricity Committee] Information eXchange COP Conference of Parties (of an international DEPI Disaster Management Branch (of UNEP) environmental regime, e.g. of UNFCCC) DESA United Nations Department of Economic COP 13 Conference of Parties (of UNFCC in and Social Affairs December 2007 in Bali) 1336 Abbreviations

DESTIN Development Studies Institute (at LSE in ECONILE Environment and Cooperation in the Nile London) Basin (research project, University of DEWA Division of Early Warning and Assessment Zürich, Switzerland) (of UNEP) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African DFAIT Department of Foreign Affairs and States International Trade (Canada) ECPAT End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography DFID Department for International Development and Trafficking of Children for Sexual (UK) Purposes DIVERSITAS international research programme on ECSP Environmental Change and Security biodiversity science Program (Woodrow Wilson Center, DIWO Diverse Women for Diversity Washington, D.C., USA) Dk Denmark ECU European Currency Unit DLDD desertification, land degradation and EDC endocrine disrupting chemicals droughts EDM Electricité Du Mali [National Electricity DME dimethylester Company of Mali] DoE Department of Energy EEA European Environment Agency (in DPRI Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark) Kyoto University EECCA Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EFA Education for All DR-CAFTA Dominican Republic – Central American EgNDF Egyptian National Discourse Forum Free Trade Area EGS Environmental Goods and Services DRMU/ Disaster Relief and Monitoring Unit – EIA Energy Information Administration (US) HRCSL Human Rights Commission of EIA Environmental Impact Assessment DRR disaster risk reduction EIB European Investment Bank DRS Défense et Restauration des Sols [Soil EJ exa loules Protection and Restoration] ELECTRO- Northern Brazil Electricity Board DS Devlet Su leri [General Directorate of State NORTE Hydraulic Works, Turkey] EM-DAT Emergency Events Database DSR Driving Force-State-Response (model) EMM Emergency Management Manual (of the DTI Department of Trade and Industry (UK) IEA) DTIE Ozone Action Program (of UNEP) EMP Euro-Mediterranean Partnership DVPW Deutsche Vereinigung für ENCOP Environment and Conflicts Project (Zürich Politikwissenschaft University – Swisspeace, Bern, Switzerland) DWAF Department of Water Affairs ENLA Emergency Network Los Angeles DZD Algerian currency ENMOD Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Other Hostile Use of Environmental e.g. for instance Modification Techniques E3 scenarios energy-economy-environment scenarios ENP European Neighbourhood Policy EAC East Asian Community ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation EADB East African Development Bank ENVISAT ESA satellite with C-band radar EADI European Association of Development ENVSEC Environment and Security Initiative (of Institutes OSCE, UNDP, UNEP, NATO) EAPP East African Power Pool EOLSS Encyclopaedia for Life Support Systems EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and (UNESCO) Development EORC Earth Observation Research and EC European Council Applications Centre (of JAXA) ECAFE U.N. Economic Commission for Asia and EPA US Environmental Protection Agency the Far-East EPS Environmental Protection Service (Israel) ECE Economic Commission for Europe EPS Ejército Popular Sandinista (Nicaragua) ECHO European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid ERCRTC Emergency Response Caspian Region Office Thematic Centre ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America ERP Ejército Popular Revolucionario (Popular and the Caribbean Revolutionary Army in Mexico) ECOMAN Environmental Change, Consensus Building ERS/USDA Economic Research Service, United States and Resource Management in the Horn of Department of Agriculture Africa (research project, University of ERS-1 ESA satellite with C-band radar Zürich, Switzerland) ES environmental security ECOMOG Military Observer Groups (of ECOWAS, in ESA European Space Agency West Africa) Abbreviations 1337

ESCAP UN Economic and Social Commission for FLN Frente de Liberación Nacional (El Salvador) Asia and the Pacific FMLN Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación ESDP European Security and Defence Policy Nacional (National Liberation Party of El ESS European Security Strategy (of EU of 12 Salvador) December 2003) FMMS Flood Management and Mitigation Strategy ESSP Earth System Science Partnership FOEME Friends of the Earth Middle East etc. etcetera FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency ETIC Euphrates Tigris Initiative for Cooperation FONDECYT Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y ETS Emissions Trading Scheme Tecnológico EU European Union FPL Frente Popular de Liberacion (Popular EU-GSP European Union – Generalized System of Liberation Front) Preferences FPT feminist political theory EUMENA Europe, Middle East and North Africa FSC Forest Stewardship Council EUSC EU Satellite Centre FSLN Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional EUWI EU Water Initiative (Sandinist Front of National Liberation, EVI Environment Vulnerability Index Nicaragua) EWEA European Wind Energy Association FSS Forum for Social Studies (Ethiopia) EWP Egyptian Water Partnership FSU Former Soviet Union EXACT Executive Action Team FT Fischer-Tropsch (synthetic hydrocarbons) EZLN Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional FTA Free Trade Agreements [Zapata’s National Liberation Army] FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americas FüAk German Command and Staff College FAL Frente Armado de Liberación (Armed FUNAI National Indian Foundation (Brazil) Liberation Front, Guatemala) FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (in Rome) G&A General and Administrative FAOSTAT FAO Statistics G-7 Group of seven major industrialized FAR Forces Armées Rwandaises (Armed Forces countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, of Rwanda) , UK, US) FARC Frente Armado Revolucionario de G-77 Group of 77 Colombia (Armed Revolutionary Front in G-8 Group of eight major industrialized Colombia) countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, FARN Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Japan, Russia, UK, US) Nicaragüenses (Nicaraguan Revolutionary GA United Nations General Assembly Armed Forces) GAD gender and development FAST Frühanalyse von Spannungen und GAIN World Food Centre, Commission for Tatsachenermittlung (Early Analysis of Genetic Resources for Food and Tensions and Fact Finding) Agriculture FBI US Federal Bureau of Investigations GaN gallium nitride FCFA Franc de la Communeauté financière GAP Güneydou Anadolu Projesi (Turkish africaine (Franc of the Financial acronym for the Southeastern Anatolian Community of Africa) Irrigation Development Project) FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK) GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services (of FCV fuel cell vehicles WTO) FDA US Food and Drug Administration GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade FDI foreign direct investment Gb gigabarrel (109 barrel) FESS Foundation for Environmental Security & GBFM Global Boreal Forest Mapping project Sustainability GBV gender-based violence FEWER Forum on Early Warning and Early GCC Gulf Cooperation Council Response GCC global climate change FFCT Flood Forecasting Core Team GDI German Development Institute FFS Forum on Food Security, GDN Gender and Disaster Network FHS Friends of Human Security GDN Green Development Network FINAM Investment Fund for Amazônia (Brazil) GDP gross domestic product FLACSO Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias GEC global environmental change Sociales [Latin American Faculty of Social GECHS Global Environmental Change and Human Sciences] Security (project of IHDP) FLEGT EU Action Plan for Forest Law GEF Global Environmental Facility Enforcement, Governance and Trade GEM Gender Empowerment Measure 1338 Abbreviations

GEO4 Global Environmental Outlook, No. 4 HESP Human and Environmental Security and (2007 by UNEP) Peace (book series) GFRM Global Rain Forest Mapping project HH household GGAP Guidelines for Global Action on Peatlands HIIK Heidelberg Institute for International GGP Gross Geographic Product Conflict Research (Heidelberg University, Gha gigahectare; 1000 million hectare. Germany) GHG greenhouse gas HIPC Highly Indebted Poor Country GID Global Interactive Dialogue (of UNCCD) HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus GINI measure of inequality of income or wealth HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus – Acquired distribution Immunodeficiency Syndrome GIS Geographic Information System HMD hydro-meteorological data GITEWS German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning HPCR Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research System (Harvard University) GLASS Global Assessment of Environment and HPI Human Poverty Index Security (project at Kassel University) HPTR Helsinki Process Track Report GLP Good Laboratory Practice HRC Human Rights Commission GM gene modification HRF higher rainfall area GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and HRH His Royal Highness Security HRTW human right to water GMF German Marshall Fund HRW Human Rights Watch GMO genetically modified organism HS human security GNI gross national income HSN Human Security Network GNP gross national product HSR Human Security Report GOARN Global Outbreak Alert and Response HSU Human Security Unit (of UNOCHA) Network HSU/OCHA Human Security Unit, United Nations GoM Gulf of Mexico Office for the Coordination of GoSL Government of Sri Lanka Humanitarian Affairs GoZ Government of Zimbabwe HSZs high security zones GPA Global Programme on AIDS HUGE human, gender and environmental security GPHIN Global Public Health Intelligence Network HUMSEC Research Project funded by the 6th GRAIN Genome Resources Action International Project Framework Programme on Research (EU GS gender security Commssion) GSEII Global Sustainable Energy Islands Initiative HVDC high voltage direct current transmission GSIS Graduate School of International Politics lines (at Denver University) HYV high yielding variety GtC giga ton of carbon IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Gtoe giga tons of oil equivalent (=109 tons) I-ANDS Interim Afghanistan National Development GTZ Gesellschaft für Technische Strategy Zusammenarbeit [German Agency for Technical Cooperation] IBAMA Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Brazilian GW gigawatt (106 of kilowatt hour) Institute of Environment and Renewable GWh gigawatt hours Natural Resources) GWP Global Water Partnership IBDF Forestry Institute (Brazil) GWp gigawatt peak IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and GWP-Med Global Water Partnership, Mediterranean Development (World Bank) GWSP Global Water System Partnership IBSFC International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission h hour ICAB Interstate Council for the Aral Sea Basin H5N1 H5N1 avian influenza virus strain ICAD Inter Agency Coalition on AIDS and Ha hectares Development HC Hunger Commission ICAS Interstate Council for Addressing the Aral HDI Human Development Index Sea Crisis HDR Human Development Report ICC International Criminal Court HelCom Helsinki Commission ICC International Chamber of Commerce HEP Hydroelectric Power Production ICG International Coordinating Group (on HEPR Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction vaccine provision for epidemic meningitis Programme control) ICG International Crisis Group Abbreviations 1339

ICISS International Commission on Intervention IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems and State Sovereignty Analysis (in Laxenburg, Austria) ICJ International Court of Justice IIED International Institute for Environment and ICKKU Interstate Council for Kazakhstan, Development (London, UK) Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan IIRR International Institute of Rural ICPD International Conference on Population Reconstruction, Philippines and Development, held in Cairo in 1994 IISD International Institute for Sustainable ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross Development (New York, NY, USA) ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions IISS International Institute for Strategic Studies ICT information and communication (London, UK) technology IITM Indian Institute of Technology Madras ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the (Madras, ) former Yugoslavia IKMAS Institute of Malaysia and International ICWC Interstate Commission for Water Studies Coordination (Central Asia) ILA International Law Association IDB Inter-American Development Bank ILC International Law Commission IDF Israel Defence Forces ILO International Labour Organization IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster IMF International Monetary Fund Reduction INC International Negotiating Committee on IDP Internally Displaced Persons Climate Change IDRC International Development Research INCD Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee Centre (Canada) INDREX Indonesian Radar Experiment (of ESA) IDS Institute of Development Studies (Brighton, INEF Institute for Development and Peace United Kingdom) (Duisburg-Essen, Germany) IDSA Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses INEGI Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía (New Delhi, India) e Informática [National Institute for IEA International Energy Agency Statistics, Geography and Information] IEA/NEA International Energy Agency, Nuclear (Mexico) Energy Agency INERIS L'Institut National de l'environnement IELRC International Environmental Law Research industriel et des risques [Institute for Centre Industrial Environment and Risks] (Paris, IEP International Energy Programme France) IFAD International Fund for Agricultural INESG Institut National des Etudes de Stratégies Development Globales [National Institute for Global IFAP International Food and Agriculture Strategies Studies] (Algeria) Programme INFOTERRA International Network of Information IFAS International Fund for the Aral Sea Referral Systems IFI international financial institution INGOs international nongovernmental organizations IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute (Washington, D.C.) INN Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zuribán [National Institute for Nutrition] IFRC International Federation of the Red Cross (Mexico) IFRC-RCS International Federation of Red Cross and INNSZ National Institute of Nutrition Salvador Red Crescent Societies Zuribán (Mexico) IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on INTERREG EU’s programme on inter-regional co- Development operation IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere INWRDAM Islamic Network on Water Resources Programme Development and Management IGCC integrated gasification combined-cycle IOM International Organization for Migration IGO international governmental organization IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate IHDP International Human Dimensions of Global Change Environmental Change Programme IPCRI Israel Palestine Center for Research and IHE Institute for Water Education (UNESCO in Information Delft, The Netherlands) IPR Intellectual Property Rights IHI Index of Human Insecurity IPY International Polar Year IHL international humanitarian law IR International Relations IHP International Hydrological Programme of IRA Irish Republican Army UNESCO IRBM International River Basin Management IHS IHS-Energy (company name) IRD integrated rural development 1340 Abbreviations

IRD-INSERM Université de la Méditerranée, Observatoire LA Latin America Régional de la Santé LA Los Angeles ISAF International Security Assistance Forces LA21 Local Agenda 21 ISARM International Shared Aquifer Resource LAS League of Arab States Management LBST Ludwig-Bölkow Systemtechnik GmbH ISDR International Strategy on Disaster (company name) Reduction (of UN) LDC least developed country ISIS Institute of Strategic and International LDCs less developed countries Studies (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) LEAPs Local Environment Agency Plans ISO International Organization for LEDs light-emitting diodes Standardization LGM Last Glacial Maximum ISRIC World Soil Information LHWP Lesotho Highlands Water Project ISS Institute of Social Studies, The Hague LINV lower irrigation investment ISS Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria LIPI Indonesian Science Institute () LNG liquefied natural gas ISSJ International Social Science Journal LNMC Lao National Mekong Committee (UNESCO) LPG liquefied petroleum gas ITC Indian Tobacco Company (previously Imperial Tobacco Company) LPI Living Planet Index ITDG Intermediate Technology Development LSE London School of Economics and Political Group Science (London, UK) ITOPF The International Tanker Owners Pollution LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Federation Unlimited Mmillion ITTO International Tropical Timber Organisation m2 square meter ITU International Telecommunications Union MA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment IUCN The International Union for the MA Mine Action Conservation of Nature (World Conservation Union) MAD mutual assured destruction IUED Graduate Institute of Development Studies, mb million barrels Geneva, Switzerland mb/d million barrels/day IWBM Integrated Water Basin Management mbd million barrels per day IWMI International Water Management Institute MCCA Mercado Común Centroamericano IWMI/SIC International Water Management Institute/ (Central American Common Market) Scientific Information Centre MCM million cubic metres IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management MCM/Y million cubic meters/year IYDD International Year of Deserts and MDC more developed country Desertification MDG UN Millennium Development Goals (adopted in 2000 by the UNGA) JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency MEDA Mediterranean Development Assistance JEEC Joint Environmental Experts Committee MED-CSP Mediterranean Concentrating Solar Power JERS-1 JAXA satellite with L-band radar on ALOS MENA Middle East and North Africa satellite MEnA Palestinian Ministry of Environmental JI Joint Implementation Affairs JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MENR Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Turkey Mission MERCOSUR Mercado Común del Cono Sur (Common JRC/GVMU Joint Research Centre, Global Vegetation Market in the South of Latin America) Monitoring Unit MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Turkey JSSR Justice and Security Sector Reform (UNDP) MILF Moro Islamic Liberation Front JTC Joint Technical Committee MMA Ministry of the Environment, Water Jubilée 2000 Jubilee Debt Campaign Resources and Legal Amazon (Brazil) MMBTU Million British thermal units K&C Kyoto & Carbon Initiative (of JAXA) MNC multinational corporation 2 km square kilometre MNE multinational enterprise KOGAMI Komunitas Siaga Tsunami (NGO working MNEPR Multilateral Nuclear Environmental on Tsunami in Indonesia] Program in the Russian Federation KP Kyoto Protocol MNLF Moro National Liberation Force 3 KW kilowatts: a thousand (10 ) watts MoD British Ministry of Defence kWh kilowatt hour MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan) Abbreviations 1341

MOFAIC Ministry of Foreign Affairs and NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development International Cooperation of the Republic NEPED Nagaland Environmental Protection and of Mali Economic Development MOLISA Vietnamese Ministry of Labour, Invalids NESCO EU Network of Energy Correspondents and Social Affairs NESDB National Economic and Social MOP Meeting of the Parties (e.g. of the Kyoto Development Board Protocol of UNFCCC) NGO nongovernmental organization MOPIC Palestinian Ministry of Planning and NHDR National Human Development Reports International Cooperation NIB Nordic Investment Bank MoU Memorandum of Understanding NIC National Intelligence Council MoW (Iraqi) Ministry of Water NIS New Independent States MRC Mekong River Commission NISAT Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms MRCS Mekong River Commission Secretariat Transfers MRF Munich Re Foundation NLD National League for Democracy MRTPC Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices NOAA US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Commission Administration Mscf thousand cubic feet (~27 m³) NOP National Organic Program (in the USA) MSS multispectral scanner NOx nitrous oxides MST Movemento sem Terra [Movement of NPA New People’s Army Landless Peasants in Brazil] NPD National Petroleum Directorate (Norway) mt million tonnes NPP net primary production Mtoe million tons of oil equivalents NPP nuclear power plant MTP medium term plan NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty MunichRe Munich Reinsurance company NRVA National Rural Vulnerability Assessment MW megawatt NSA Nuclear Safety Account MWRI Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation NTFP Non-Timber Forest Product in Egypt NWFP North Western Frontier Province NAC National AIDS Committee NZAID Aid NACA National AIDS Coordinating Agency O&M Operation and Maintenance NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement (of OAPEC Organization for Arab Petroleum Exporting USA, Canada, Mexico) Countries NAP National Action Programme OAS Organization of American States NAP National Anti-AIDS Programmes OCAS Organization of Central American States NAS (US) National Academy of Science OCHA Office for the Coordination of NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Humanitarian Affairs NATO-CCMS former NATO Committee on the ODA Overseas development assistance Challenges of Modern Society ODI Overseas Development Institute NBD Nile Basin Discourse OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation NBI Nile Basin Initiative and Development NC Nordic Council OECD/DAC Development Assistance Committee (of NCCR National Centre for Competence in OECD) Research (in Switzerland) OEF Operation Enduring Freedom (in NCCR/NS National Centre for Competence in Afghanistan) Research, North-South (in Switzerland) OERS Organisation des Etats Riverains du Fleuve NCM Nordic Council of Ministers Sénégal (Organization of the Riparian NCP National Contingency Plan States of the Senegal River) NCRFW National Commission on the Role of OFDA Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Filipino Women OFDA/CRED Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance Nd no data (USAID), Centre for Research on the NDEP Northern Dimension Environmental Epidemiology of Disasters Partnership OKACOM Permanent Water Commission on the NDI Northern Dimension Initiative Okavango River Basin NEB National Energy Board (Canada) OMVS Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du NEF/IIED New Economics Foundation/International Fleuve Sénégal (Organization for the Institute for Environment and Development Development of the Senegal River) NEFCO Nordic Environmental Finance Corporation OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting NEMA National Environment Management Countries (Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Authority (Uganda) 1342 Abbreviations

Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, PMACI Project for the Protection of the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela) Environment and the Indigenous OPT Occupied Palestinian Territories Communities OSAA UN Office of the Special Adviser on Africa PMC private military corporations OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation PMC Post-Ministerial Conference in Europe PNA Palestine National Authority OSU Oregon State University PNIC Palestine National Information Center PNUE-PAM Programme des Nations Unies pour PA Palestinian Authority l’Environnement – Programme Alimentaire PACD Plan of Action to Combat Desertification Mondial [United Nations Environment PACRIM 2 Pacific Rim 2 campaign and (of NASA) Programme – World Food Programme] PAES Partnership for African Environmental PNVEP Programme National de Valorisation Sustainability Energétique de la Plante Pourghère [A Pagasa Philippines Atmospheric, Geophysical, and National Programme for the Valorization of Astronomical Services Administration Pourghere] PALSAR L-band radar on ALOS satellite POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants PAS Partido Alternativa Socialdemócrata POS Plan d’Occupation des Sols [Soil Occupancy (Alternative Socialdemocratic Party) Plan] PASSIA Palestinian Academic Society for the Study ppd person per day of International Affairs ppmv parts per million by volume PBC Peacebuilding Commission PPP purchasing power parity PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PRB Population Reference Bureau (Washington, PCCP Potential Conflict to Cooperation Potential D.C., USA) (UNESCO) PRIO International Peace Research Institute (in PCDMB UNEP’s Post Conflict and Disaster Oslo, Norway) Management Branch PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PCIJ Permanent International Court of Justice PRTC Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction (laboratory Centroamericanos (Revolutionary Worker's diagnostic test) Party of El Salvador) PDAU Plan d’Aménagement Urbain [Urban PRTs Provincial Reconstruction Teams Management Plan] PSA Ejército Popular Sandinista (Popular PDD NATO’s Public Diplomacy Division Sandinist Army) PDR People’s Democratic Republic (of Laos) PSFs private security forces PDVSA Petróleos de Venezuela SA (oil company in PSI Population Services International Venezuela) PSR pressure-state-response (model of OECD) PEAC Pool d’Electricité de l’Afrique Centrale PTA Phuket Tourist Association [Central African Power Pool] PTSD post traumatic stress disorder PECDAR Palestinian Economic Council for PV photovoltaic Development & Reconstruction PWA Palestinian Water Authority PEISOR pressure – effects – impacts – societal outcomes – response (model) QR quantitative restrictions on imports PENA Palestinian Environmental National Authority R&D Research and development PENGON Palestinian Environmental NGOs Network R/P reserve to production ratio 2 PEPS Petroleum exploration and production R statistical measure (or a scale 0-1) of statistics goodness of fitting data PES Palestinian Environmental Strategy RADA Reconstruction and Development Agency PGC Great Carajás Programme RAED Arab Network of Environment and PHG Palestinian Hydrology Group Development PISPAL Programa de Investigaciones Sociales sobre RAI Rural Advancement International Población en América Latina [Programme RAMILCOR Regional Alliance Against Mining and for Social Research on the People in Latin Large-Scale Commercial Logging America] RAP Action Programmes at the regional level [of PITF Political Instability Task Force UNCCD] PKK Partiya Karkaren Kurdistan [Kurdistan RDPI Rural Development Policy Institute Workers’ Party] REC Regional Environment Center for Central PKO Peace-Keeping Operations and Eastern Europe PLO Palestine Liberation Organization RFE Radio Free Europe Abbreviations 1343

RFSTE Research Foundation for Science, SHI State Hydrological Institute in Russia Technology and Ecology (New Delhi, India) Sib-TREES Siberian Taiga Resources and RIL Reliance Industry Limited Environmental Monitoring by Satellites RME rapeseedmethylester (Biodiesel from rape SICA Sistema de Integración Centroamericana seed) [Central American Integration System] RPTES Regional Programme for the Traditional SIDA Swedish International Development Agency Energy Sector SIDS Small Island Developing States RSA Republic of South Africa SIE Systèmes d’Informations Energétiques du RTP Responsibility to Protect Sénégal RUSI Royal United Services Institute (London, SIPAM Protection System for Amazonia (Brazil) UK) SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research RWGHR Regional Working Group on Human Rights Institute SITCEN EU Joint Situation Centre S &T Science and Technology SIVAM Sistema de Vigilãncia da Amazonia SADC Southern African Development Community [Surveillance System for the Amazon] SADEM Secretariat for National Defence (Brazil) (Brazil) SADR Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SIWI Stockholm International Water Institute SAE Secretaria de Assuntos Estratégicos - SL sustainable livelihood Secretariat for Strategic Affairs (Brazil) SLF Sustainable Livelihoods Framework SAED Société nationale d'Aménagement et SLM sustainable land management d’Exploitation des terres du Delta du fleuve SLWM sustainable land and water management Sénégal et des vallées du fleuve Sénégal et SNSF Swiss National Science Foundation de la Falémé (National Agency for the SNV Netherlands Development Organization Agricultural Development of the Senegal River Delta and of the Senegal and Falémé SO2 sulphur dioxide River Valleys, Senegal) SOC soil organic carbon SALW small arms and light weapons SONADER Société nationale pour le développement SAN Save Andaman Network rural (National Agency for Rural Development, Mauritania) SAP Salmon Action Plan SOT solar thermal power plants SAP Structural Adjustment Programme (of IMF) SPDC State Peace and Development Council SAPP South African Power Pool SPR Strategic Petroleum Reserve SAR Search and Rescue SPREP South Pacific Regional Environment SAR Synthetic aperture radar Programme SARDC Southern African Research and SPVEA Superintendence for the Economic Documentation Centre Valorisation of the Amazon (Brazil) SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SRAP Sub-Regional Action Programme SAT Science and technology SREP South Pacific Regional Environmental SAU Surface Agricole Utile [Usable Agricultural Programme Surface] SRES Special Report on Emission Scenarios SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research SSA Sub-Saharan Africa SDC Swiss Agency for Development and SSARR Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Cooperation Regulation SDF Self Defence Forces (Japan) SSF NATO’s Science Security Forum SDNP Sustainable Development Networking STD sexually transmitted disease Programme STI sexually transmitted infection SDWW Women in Development Service, FAO Women and Population Division SUDAM Superintendência de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia [Superintendent of Development SE Asia Southeast Asia of the Amazon] (Brazil) SEACSN Southeast Asian Conflict Studies Network SUHAKAM Malaysia Human Rights Commission SecF SecurityFirst (scenario of GEO-4 by UNEP, SUKALA Complexe Sucrier du Kala Supérieur 2007) SustF SustainabilityFirst (scenario of GEO-4 by SEI Stockholm Environment Institute UNEP, 2007) SEMA Environment Secretariat (Brazil) SEMS Standard Emergency Management System tton SENELEC Société Sénégalaise d’Electricité [Senegal TA technology assessment Electricity Company) TACIS Technical Assistance for the SEPA State Environmental Protection Commonwealth of Independent States Administration TAMA There are many alternatives SEQ Standing Group on Emergency Questions TanDEM-X German satellite mission with X-band radar 1344 Abbreviations

TB tuberculosis UNAM National University of Mexico (Mexico) Tcf tera cubic feet (= 1012 cubic feet) UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat TEEN Tripartite Environmental Education Desertification Network UNCED United Nations Conference on TEA Türkiye Elektrik letim Anonim irketi Environment and Development (Electricity Transmission Company of UNCHS United Nations Commission on Human Turkey) Security TEK traditional ecological knowledge UNCOD United Nations Conference on TEMM Tripartite Environmental Ministers Meeting Desertification TENs Trans European Networks UNCRD United Nations Centre for Regional TERI The Energy and Resources Institute (New Development Delhi, India) UNCSD United Nations Commission on Sustainable TerraSAR-X German satellite mission with X-band radar Development TFDD Transboundary Freshwater Dispute UNCT United Nations Country Team Database UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and TINA Margaret Thatcher: there is no alternative Development TNE Transnational enterprise UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance TNK Tyumen Oil Company Framework TNOCs transnational oil corporations UNDDA United Nations Department on toe ton oil equivalent (1 toe = 7.1 boe) Disarmament Affairs TPAO Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortakl (Turkish UNDP United Nations Development Programme Petroleum Corporation) UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for TREC Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Africa Cooperation UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for TRIPs Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Europe Property Rights (WTO) UNECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social TÜPRA Türkiye Petrol Rafinerileri Anonim irketi Council [Turkish Petroleum Refineries Corporation] UNEMG United Nations Environmental TW terawatt or: a million million (1012) watts Management Group TWh terrawatt hour (109 of kilowatt hour) UNEP United Nations Environment Programme TW-MAE-W Third World Movement Against the UNEP FI United Nations Environment Programme Exploitation of Women Finance Initiative UNEP/GRID GRID Arendal collaborative centre, United UAVs unmanned aerial vehicles Nations Environment Programme (in UBC University of British Columbia Arendal, Norway) UCC Union Carbide Corporation UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and UCDP Uppsala Conflict Data Program Cultural Organization UCI University of California at Irvine UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education of UNESCO (in Delft, The Netherlands) UCIL Union Carbide India Limited UNESCO- United Nations Educational Scientific and UDSSR Union of Socialist Soviet Republics WWAP Cultural Organization – World Water UEMOA Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Assessment Programme Africaine [West African Economic and Monetary Union: WAEMU] UN-FAO United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization UIS Irrigation Sub-System Management Authority (in Uzbekistan) UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UK United Kingdom UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UKM Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [National University of Malaysia] UNGA United Nations General Assembly UMA Union du Maghreb Arabe [Union of the UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Arab Maghreb] Programme UN United Nations UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UN DESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund UN/ISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research UN/OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNAIDS United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/ AIDS UNIFEM United Nations Fund for Women Abbreviations 1345

UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Wwatts Disaster Reduction WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary UNMAS United Nations Mine Action Service Union UNMIK United Nations Mission in Kosovo WAGP West African Gas Pipeline UNO United Nations Organisation WAPCo West Africa Gas Pipeline Company UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination WAPP West African Power Pool of Humanitarian Affairs WB World Bank UNODC UN Office on Drugs and Crime WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable UNOWA United Nations Office for West Africa Development UNPD United Nations Population Division WBGU Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der UNRG Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Bundesregierung Globale Guatemalteca (Guatemalan National Umweltveränderungen [German Advisory Revolutionary Unity) Council on Global Change] UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency WCD World Commission on Dams for Palestine Refugees in the Near East WCDR World Conference on Disaster Reduction UNSC United Nations Security Council WCED World Commission on Environment and UNSCR UN Security Council Resolution Development (Brundtland Commission) UNSG UN Secretary-General WCRP World Climate Research Programme UNSSD UN Summit on Sustainable Development WCS The World Conservation Strategy (in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002) WDI World Development Indicators UNSTAT UN Statistics Division WDM weapons of mass destruction UNTFHS United Nations Trust Fund for Human WEO World Energy Outlook Security WFP World Food Programme UNU United Nations University WG I Working Group I of IPCC on the Physical UNU-CRIS United Nations University – Comparative Science Basis Regional Integration Studies (in Bruge, WG II Working Group II of IPCC on the Impacts, Belgium) Adaptation and Vulnerability UNU-EHS United Nations University – Environment WG III Working Group III of IPCC on Mitigation and Human Security Institute (Bonn, of Climate Change Germany) WHO World Health Organisation UNWFP United Nations World Food Programme WID Women in Development UNWTO United Nations World Tourism WIID World Income Inequality Database Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization UPE universal primary education WP/ENV DAC Working Party on Development Co- US United States operation and Environment US HW US hard wheat WPGSP Working Party on Global and Structural US RSW US red soft wheat Policies US United States (of America) WRI World Resources Institute (Washington, US$ United States dollars DC) USA United States of America WSF World Social Forum USAID United States Agency for International WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development Development (in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002) USCR United States Committee for Refugees and WTO World Trade Organization Immigrants WUAs Water User Associations USD United States Dollar WW I First World War (1914–1918) USDA United States Department of Agriculture WW II Second World War (1939–1945) US-DoD United States Department of Defense WWAP World Water Assessment Programme USIP United States Institute for Peace WWC World Water Council USSR Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (until WWF World Water Forum 1991) WWF World Wildlife Fund (in the US only) WWF World Wide Fund for Nature VCJD Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease WWV World Water Vision VDBs Village Development Boards VDI/VDE-IT VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH X solar magnification factor (German technology company) VFA Visiting Forces Agreement yyear VID Vienna Institute of Demography Y2Kyear 2000 VLS-PV very large scale photovoltaic YOHO Youth Health Organization VMS vessel monitoring systems Yr year 1346 Abbreviations

ZACPLAN Action Plan for the Environmentally Sound ZEF Center for Development Research (Bonn, Management of the Common Zambezi Germany) River System ZOPFAN Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality ZEE Macro-Zoneamento Ecológico-Económico (ASEAN concept) da Amazonia [Ecological - Economic ZRA Zambezi River Authority Zoning in Amazonia] Bibliography

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(Ed.): Encyclopedia of Life Support System (Oxford: Ox- flict to Cooperation (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: ford-EOLSS Publisher), vol. 39; at: . Brauch, Hans Günter, 2008: “Introduction: Globalization Brauch, Hans Günter, 2007c: “The Model: Global Environ- and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Securi- mental Change, Political Process and Extreme Out- ty in the 21st Century”, in: Brauch, Hans Günter; Oswald comes”, in: Oswald Spring, Úrsula (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Spring, Úrsula; Mesjasz, Czeslaw; Grin, John; Dunay, Pal; Life Support System (Oxford: Oxford-EOLSS Publisher), Behera, Navnita Chadha; Chourou, Béchir; Kameri- vol. 39; at: . Mbote, Patricia; Liotta, P.H. (Eds.): Globalization and Brauch, Hans Günter, 2007d: “Global Environmental Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security Change and Security for the People”. Opening Speech at in the 21st Century. Hexagon Series on Human and En- ITKNET International Traditional Knowledge Network vironmental Security and Peace, vol. 3 (Berlin - Heidel- Conference: Climate Change, Desertification, Environ- berg - New York: Springer-Verlag): 27-43. mental Conflicts and Migrations. An International Net- Brauch, Hans Günter, 2008a: “Conceptual Quartet: Securi- work of Experts on Traditional Knowledge for a Com- ty and its Linkages with Peace, Development and Envi- mon Strategy, 28-29 June 2007, Florence, Italy, Sala ronment”, in: Brauch, Hans Günter; Oswald Spring, Úr- Giunta Regione Toscana, Italy. sula; Mesjasz, Czeslaw; Grin, John; Dunay, Pal; Behera, Brauch, Hans Günter, 2007e: “Global Change and Deserti- Navnita Chadha; Chourou, Béchir; Kameri-Mbote, Patri- fication: Scenarios and Social and Ecological Impact”. cia; Liotta, P.H. 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Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security Brauch, Hans Günter, 2007h: “Landscape Ecology and En- in the 21st Century. Hexagon Series on Human and En- vironmental Security: Basic concepts and regional appli- vironmental Security and Peace, vol. 3 (Berlin - Heidel- 537 552 cations for the Mediterranean in the 21st Century”, in: berg - New York: Springer-Verlag): - . Petrosillo, Irene; Müller, Felix; Jones, Bruce K.; Zurlini, Brauch, Hans Günter, 2008d: “Climate Change an Interna- Giovanni; Krauze, Kinga; Victorov, Sergey; Li, Bai-Lian; tional and Human Security Challenge and Opportunity Kepner, William G. (Eds.): Use of Landscape Sciences for for Multilateral Cooperation and Book Launch of Glo- the Assessment of Environmental Security (Dordrecht: balization and Environmental Challenges. Reconceptual- st Springer, 2007): 21-42. ization of Security in the 21 Century”. Presentation, 21 2008 Brauch, Hans Günter, 2007i, 2007k: Regionalexpertise - April , Union of Concerned Scientists, Washington, Destabilisierungs- und Konfliktpotential Prognostiziert- D.C., USA; download at: . Nordafrika bis 2020/2050. Externe Expertise für das Brauch, Hans Günter, 2008e: “Segurización de Espacio y WBGU-Hauptgutachten ‘Welt im Wandel: Sicherheitsri- Objeto de Referencia: Geopolítica Ecológica vs. Geo- siko Klimawandel’. WBGU Materialien (Berlin: WBGU); Ecología Política”, in: Oswald Spring, Úrsula; Brauch, at: . 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ZRA Treaty, 1987: “Agreement between the Republic of 2001 Ziegler, Jean, : Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Zimbabwe and the Republic of Zambia concerning the The Right to Food. Report by the Special Rapporteur on utilization of the Zambesi River”, at: (17 4 2001 53 seven session, E/CN. / / (New York: UN, Eco- April 2004). nomic and Social Council). Zschau, Jochen; Kueppers, Andreas N. (Eds.), 2002: Early Ziegler, Jean; UNCCD [United Nations Convention to Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction (Ber- 2008 Combat Desertification], : “The Right to Food and lin: Springer Verlag). Water Implies the Duty to Conserve the Land”, special 1997 session organized with the UN Special Rapporteur on Zürn, Michael, : “Vom Nutzen internationaler Regime für eine Friedensordnung“, in: Senghaas, Dieter (Ed.): the Right to Food, Jean Ziegler, and the Government of 465 481 Italy; CSD 16, 5-16 May 2008, New York. Frieden machen (Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp): - . 1998 Zieschank, Roland; Nouhuys, Jo van; Ranneberg, T.; Mulot, Zürn, Michael, : “The Rise of International Environ- mental Politics, a Review of Current Research”, in: J.-J., 1993: Vorstudie Indikatorensystem. Beiträge zur um- , 50 (July): 617-649. weltökonomischen Gesamtrechnung (Wiesbaden: Stati- World Politics stisches Bundesamt). Zillur Rahman, Hossain, 1998: “Early Warning on Post- Flood Coping: Findings on In-Migration to Dhaka”. Pa- Biographies of Contributors

Editors

Hans Günter Brauch (Germany): Dr. phil. habil, Adj. Prof. ad): Euro-Mediterranean Partnership for the 21st Century, (Privatdozent) at the Faculty of Political Science and Social 2000; (co-ed. with A. Marquina): Political Stability and Sciences, Free University of Berlin; since 2005 fellow at the Energy Cooperation in the Mediterranean (2000); Liberal- Institute for Environment and Human Security of the isation of the Energy Market for Electricity and Gas in the United Nations University (UNU-EHS) in Bonn; since 1987 European Union: a Survey and implications for the Czech chairman of Peace Research and European Security Studies Republic, 2002; (co-ed. with P. Liotta, A, Marquina, P. (AFES-PRESS). He is the editor of the Hexagon Book Se- Rogers, M. Selim): Security and Environment in the Me- ries on Human and Environmental Security and Peace diterranean. Conceptualising Security and Environmental (HESP) with Springer-Verlag. He was guest professor of in- Conflicts, 2003; Environmental Dimension of Human Se- ternational relations at the universities of Frankfurt on curity: Freedom from Hazard Impact, 2005; Threats, Chal- Main, Leipzig and Greifswald and at the teachers training lenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks in Environmental and college in Erfurt. From 1976-1989 he was research associate Human Security, 2005; (co-ed. with U. Oswald Spring, C. at Heidelberg and Stuttgart universities, a research fellow at Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, Harvard and Stanford University and he was also teaching P. Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta): Globalization and Environ- at the universities of Darmstadt, Tübingen, Stuttgart and mental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in the 21st Heidelberg. Century, 2008; (co-ed. with U. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Kameri-Mbote, B. Chourou, P. Dunay, J. Birk- Publications: He has published 65 books, studies and re- mann): Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disas- search reports in English and German; 144 book chapters, ters and Security – Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and more than 78 articles in journals on security, armament, cli- Risks, 2009 (forthcoming). mate, energy and migration policies and on Mediterranean 47 issues, and more than 80 internet publications of keynote Address: PD Dr. Hans Günter Brauch, Alte Bergsteige , 74821 speeches and conference presentations. His monographs Mosbach, Germany. include: (co-author with H. v.d. Graaf, J. Grin, W. Smit): Email: . Militärtechnikfolgenabschätzung und präventive Rüstungs- Website: and kontrolle, 1997; Klimapolitik der Schwellenstaaten Südko- . rea, Mexiko und Brasilien; Osterweiterung der Europäi- Úrsula Oswald Spring (Mexico), full time professor/re- schen Union. Umwelt- und Energiepolitik der Tschechischen searcher at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) in 2000 Republik, . Books in English: (co-ed. with D.L. Clark): the Regional Multidisciplinary Research Center (CRIM) Decisionmaking for Arms Limitation - Assessments and and first MunichRe Foundation Chair on Social Vulnerabil- 1983 Prospects, ; (ed.): Star Wars and European Defence - ity at the United National University Institute for Environ- Implications for Europe: Perceptions and Assessments, ment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) for 2005-2009. 1987 ; (co-author with R. Bulkeley): The Anti-Ballistic Missile was the founding Secretary General of El Colegio de Tlax- 1988 Treaty and World Security, ; (ed.): Military Tech- cala; General Attorney of Ecology in the State of Morelos 1989 nology, Armaments Dynamics and Disarmament, ; (1992-1994) and National Delegate of the Federal General (co-ed. with R. Kennedy): Alternative Conventional De- Attorney of Environment from 1994-1995. As Minister of 1 fense Postures in the European Theater, Vol. : The Mili- Ecological Development in the State of Morelos (1994- 1990 2 tary Balance and Domestic Constraints, ; Vol. : Polit- 1998) she planted over 30 million trees, promoted environ- ical Change in Europe: Military Strategy and Technology, mental education from childhood on and produced drink- 1992 3 ; Vol. : Military Alternatives for Europe after the Cold ing water for the whole population with a reduction of 65% 1993 War, ; (co-ed. with H.J. v.d. Graaf, J. Grin; W. Smit): in infant mortality due to water-born illnesses. Between Controlling the Development and Spread of Military Tech- 1998 and 2000, she was President of the International 1992 nology, ; (co-ed. with A. Marquina): Confidence Build- Peace Research Association (IPRA) and later General Secre- ing and Partnership in the Western Mediterranean. Tasks tary of the Latin-American Council for Peace Research 1994 for Preventive Diplomacy and Conflict Avoidance, ; (CLAIP, 2002-2006). She studied medicine, clinical psycho- 1950 2050 Energy Policy in North Africa ( - ). From Hydrocar- logy, anthropology, ecology, classical and modern languag- 1997 bon to Renewables, ; (co-ed. with A. Marquina, A. Bi- es and obtained her Ph.D from the University of Zürich 1504 Editors

(1978). For her scientific work she received the Price Sor John Grin (Netherlands) is professor at the Department of Juana Inés de la Cruz (2005), the Environmental Merit in Political Science of the University of Amsterdam and scien- Tlaxcala, Mexico (2005. 2006); the Price of Development tific director of the Amsterdam School for Social science of the UN in Geneva. She was recognized as Women Aca- Research (ASSR; at: ). A physicist by training, demic in UNAM (1990 and 2000); and Women of the Year his main interest throughout his career has been political (2000). She works on nonviolence and sustainable agricul- judgment of and governance over socio-technological devel- ture with groups of peasants and women and is the repre- opment, empirically focusing on military technology and sentative for Latin American of Diverse Women for Diver- security policy; agriculture, water management and biomed- sity. She has written 45 books and more than 328 scientific ical technology. He co-established and is co-director of the articles and book chapters on sustainability, water, gender, transdisciplinary Dutch Knowledge Network for System development, poverty, drug consumption, brain damage Innovations and Transitions (KSI; ), due to under-nourishment, peasantry, social vulnerability, in which some hundred researchers of ten different univer- genetic modified organisms, bioethics and human, gender sities co-operate on major changes towards a sustainable and environmental security, peace and conflict resolution, society. His books include: Military-technological choices democracy and conflict negotiation. Among her major pub- and political implications. Command and control in estab- lications are: (co-author with Rudolf Strahm): Why we are lished NATO posture and a non-provocative defence so poor? (translated into 17 languages, 1.5 million copies); (Amsterdam: VU University Press; New York: St. Martin's Unterentwicklung als Folge von Abhängigkeit (Berne: Press, 1990); (co-ed. with Wim A. Smit, Lev Voronkov): Mili- Lang, 1978); Mercado y Dependencia (México, D.F.: Ed. tary-technological innovation and stability in a changing Nueva Imagen, 1979); Piedras en el Surco (México, D.F.: world. Politically assessing and influencing weapon innova- UAM-X, 1983); Campesinos Protagonistas de su Historia: tion and military research and development (Amsterdam: la Coalición de los Ejidos Colectivos de los Valles del Yaqui VU University Press, 1992); (co-ed. with Hans Günter Brauch, y Mayo, una Salida a la Cultura de la Pobreza (México, Henny van der Graaf, Wim Smit): Controlling the Develop- D.F.: UAM-X, 1986); Estrategias de Supervivencia en la ment and Spread of Military Technology (Amsterdam: VU Ciudad de México (Cuernavaca: CRIM/UNAM, 1991); University Press, 1992); (co-author with. Hans Günter Fuenteovejuna o Caos Ecológico (Cuernavaca: CRIM/ Brauch, Henk van de Graaf, Wim Smit): Militärtechnikfol- UNAM, 1999); (ed.): Peace Studies from a Global genabschätzung und Präventive Rüstungskontrolle. Institu- Perspective: Human Needs in a Cooperative World (New tionen, Verfahren und Instrumente (Münster: LIT, 1997); Delhi: Mbooks, 2000); (co-author with Mario Salinas): (co-author with Henk van de Graaf, Rob Hoppe): Tech- Gestión de Paz, Democracia y Seguridad en América nology assessment through interaction: A guide (Den Haag: Latina (México, D.F.: UNAM-CRIM/Coltlax, Böll, 2002); SDU, 1997); (co-ed. with Armin Grunwald): Vision Assess- (ed.): El recurso agua en el Alto Balsas (México, D.F.: IGF, ment: Shaping Technology in 21st century society. Towards a CRIM/UNAM, 2003); (Ed.): Soberanía y Desarrollo repertoire for Technology Assessment (Heidelberg: Springer, Regional. El México que queremos (México, D.F.: UNAM, 2000); (co-ed. with Wytske Versteeg and Maarten Hajer): 2003); (ed.): Resolución noviolenta de conflictos en Meervoudige democratie – ervaringen met vernieuwend bes- sociedades indígenas y minorías (México, D.F.: CLAIP, tuur (Amsterdam: Aksant, 2006) and (co-author with Ari- IPRA & Böll Fundation, COLTLAX, 2004); El valor del enne van Staveren) Werken aan systeeminnovaties (Assen: agua: una visión socioeconómica de un Conflicto van Grocum, 2007); (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. Oswald Ambiental (COLTLAX, CONACYT, 2005); (ed.): Inter- Spring, C. Mesjasz, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Behera, B. national Security, Peace, Development, and Environment, Chourou, P. Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta): Globalization Book 39: Encyclopaedia on Life Support Systems (Paris: and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security UNESCO - EOLSS, UK, online); Gender and Disasters in the 21st Century, 2008; (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. (Bonn: UNU-EHS, 2008); (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, C. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, P. Kameri-Mbote, B. Chourou, Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, P. Dunay, J. Birkmann): Coping with Global Environmen- P. Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta): Globalization and tal Change, Disasters and Security – Threats, Challenges, Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in Vulnerabilities and Risks, 2009 (forthcoming). 21 2008 the st Century, ; (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, C. Mes- Address: Prof. Dr. John Grin, Dept. of Political Science, jasz, J. Grin, P. Kameri-Mbote, B. Chourou, P. Dunay, J. University of Amsterdam OZ Achterburgwal 237, 1012 Birkmann): Coping with Global Environmental Change, DL Amsterdam, Netherlands. Disasters and Security – Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities E-mail: . and Risks, 2009 (forthcoming). Website: and Address: Prof. Dr. Úrsula Oswald Spring, Priv. Río Bravo at: . Núm.1, Col. Vistahermosa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62290 México. Czeslaw Mesjasz (Poland): Dr habil., associate professor, Email: and Faculty of Management, Cracow University of Economics, . Cracow, Poland. His research interests include applications Website: . relations, game theory, conflict resolution and negotiation, and the links between economics, finance and security. In 1992-1996 he was the convener of the Defence and Disar- Biographies of Contributors 1505 mament Commission of IPRA (International Peace tions Development Programme (UNDP), the World Intel- Research Association). In 1991-1992 he received a NATO lectual Property Organization (WIPO), the Norwegian Democratic Institutions Fellowship. In 1992-1993 he was a Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) and the Visiting Research Fellow at the Centre for Peace and Con- government of Kenya. She is also the Africa Editor of the flict Research in Copenhagen (later COPRI). He published Law, Environment and Development Journal (LEAD Jour- some 180 works – two books in Polish, papers and book nal), a peer-reviewed academic journal jointly published by chapters in Polish and in English on management and inter- IELRC and SOAS. She is also a member of the Editorial national security. His major works in the fields associated Board of the peer reviewed Journal of Global Environmen- with peace and security studies are: “Applications of Sys- tal Politics (GEP). She has published widely in the areas of tems Modelling in Peace Research”, in: Journal of Peace international law, environmental law, women’s rights and Research, 25,3, 1988; “Eastern Post-Cold War Peace Divi- property rights. Her research interests include public inter- dend: A Preliminary Typology of Components”, in: Møller, national law, environment and natural resources law and Bjørn; Voronkov, Lev (Eds.): Defence Doctrines and Con- policy, human rights, women’s rights, intellectual property version (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1996): 123-133; “Reorganiza- rights, biotechnology policy and law and economic law. tion of Commercial Debt: Negotiations between Poland Among her major publications are: (co-author with N. and the London Club (1981-1994)”, in: Kremenyuk, Victor Chalifour et al.: Land Use for Sustainable Development A.; Sjöstedt, Gunnar (Eds.): International Economic Nego- (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007); Property tiation: Models versus Reality (Cheltenham: Elgar, 2000): Rights and Biodiversity Management in Kenya (Nairobi: 149-174; “Economic and Financial Globalisation: Its Conse- ACTS Press, 2002); The Making of a Framework Environ- quences for Security In the Early 21st Century”, in: Brauch, mental Law in Kenya (Nairobi: ACTS Press, 2001); (co-au- H.G; Liotta, P.H.; Marquina, A.; Rogers, P. F.; El-Sayed thor with C.O. Okidi): Coming to Life: Biotechnology in Selim, M. (Eds): Security and Environment in the Medi- African Economic Recovery (1994); (co-author with Cale- terranean. Conceptualising Security and Environmental stous Juma and John Mugabe): “Towards a Liability and Re- Conflicts (Berlin - Heidelberg - New York: Springer, 2003): dress System under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: A 289-300; (co-author with Rogowski, Wojciech): “A Survey of Review of the Kenya National Legal System”, in: East Afri- Definitions of Financial Stability”, in: Mieczysaw, Dobija; can Law Journal (2004); “Gender Dimensions of Law, Co- Martin Susan (Eds.): General Accounting Theory. Towards lonialism and Inheritance in East Africa: Kenyan Women’s Balanced Development (Cracow: Cracow University of Experiences”, in: VRÜ - Verfassung und Recht in Übersee – Economics, 2005): 437-465; (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America (2002); Oswald Spring, J .Grin, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Behera, B. (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. Chourou, P. Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta): Globalization Grin, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, P.H. Liot- and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security ta): Globalization and Environmental Challenges: Recon- in the 21st Century, 2008; (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. ceptualizing Security in the 21st Centur (Berlin – Heidelberg Oswald Spring, J.Grin, P. Kameri-Mbote, B. Chourou, P. – New York: Springer-Verlag, 2008); Environmental Gov- Dunay, J. Birkmann): Coping with Global Environmental ernance in Kenya: Implementating the Framework of Law Change, Disasters and Security – Threats, Challenges, Vul- (Nairobi:. East African Educational Publishers, 2008); (co- nerabilities and Risks, 2009 (forthcoming). ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, Address: Assoc. Prof. Czeslaw Mesjasz, Cracow University J.Grin, B. Chourou, P. Dunay, J. Birkmann): Coping with of Economics, Pl-31-510 Kraków, ul Rakowicka 27, Poland. Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security – 2009 Email: . Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks, (Berlin Website: ; , and Address: Prof. Dr. Patricia Kameri-Mbote International . Environmental Law Research Centre, Kenya Office, PO Box 2394 KNH, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya. Patricia Kameri-Mbote (Kenya), associate professor, School Email: . of Law, University of Nairobi, Chair, Department of Private Website: . Law and programme director for Africa, International Envi- ronmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Nairobi. She Navnita Chadha Behera (New Delhi), professor at the Nel- studied law at the University of Nairobi, the University of son Mandela Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Ja- Warwick, the University of Zimbabwe and pursued her doc- mia Millia Islamia. She has earlier served as a reader at Del- toral studies at Stanford Law School, Stanford University. hi University, an assistant research professor, Centre for She is currently also an advocate of the High Court of Ken- Policy Research and, assistant director, Women in Security, ya. She has also taught international environmental law at Conflict Management and Peace. She was a visiting fellow the University of Kansas. She is a member of the IUCN at The Brookings Institution (2001-2002) and University of Commission on Environmental Law, a board member of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1997-1998). Her books in- the Advocates Coalition for Development and Environ- clude: Demystifying Kashmir (Washington DC: Brookings ment (ACODE-Uganda) and Women and Law in East Afri- Press, 2006 - New Delhi: Pearson Education, 2007); (ed.): ca (WLEA). She has consulted for many international and Gender, Conflict and Migration (New Delhi: Sage, 2006); national agencies including the World Bank, United Na- State, Identity and Violence: Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh tions Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Na- (New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2000); (ed.): State, Peo- 1506 Editors

ple and Security: The South Asian Context (New Delhi: Spring, C. Mesjasz, J .Grin, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Behera, P Har-Anand Publications, 2001); (co-ed with V.A. Pai Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta): Globalization and Environ- Panandiker): Perspectives on South Asia (New Delhi: Kon- mental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in the 21 st ark, 2000); (co-author with V. Gunawardena, S. Kardar and Century, 2008; (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. Oswald R.A. Mahmood): People-to-People Dialogues in South Asia Spring, C. Mesjasz, J.Grin, P. Dunay, J. Birkmann): Coping (New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2000); (co-author with with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Securi- Paul M. Evans and Gowher Rizvi): Beyond Boundaries: A ty – Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks, 2009 Report on the State of Non-Official Dialogues on Peace, (forthcoming). Security and Co-operation in South Asia (Toronto: Joint Address: Prof. Dr. Béchir Chourou, 12 Avenue 7 Novem- Center for Asia-Pacific Studies, University of Toronto, bre, 1164 Hammam-Chatt, Tunisia; Fax 216-71-431871. 1997 ); (ed.): International Relations in South Asia: Search E-mail: . for an Alternative Paradigm (New Delhi: Sage, 2007); (co- ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. Heinz Krummenacher (Switzerland) is the managing direc- Grin, P. Dunay, B. Chourou, P Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta): tor of “swisspeace – the Swiss Peace Foundation” and head Globalization and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptu- of its early warning unit. He is also the CEO of the Global alizing Security in the 21st Century, 2008. Crisis Prevention Mechanism (GCPM), a joint project of the Washington based Alliance for Peacebuilding and Address: Professor Dr. Navnita Chadha Behera, Nelson Mandela Center for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Jamia swisspeace. Krummenacher started his professional career Millia Islamia University, Maulana Mohamed Ali Jauhar with the Swiss Defence Department, where he was a secre- Marg, New Delhi – 110025. tary of the interdepartmental risk analysis conference and head of the study group tasked with re-defining Swiss secu- Email: . rity policy (1985-1989). Between 1990 and 1992 he served as Béchir Chourou (Tunisia): Ph.D. in political science from foreign editor with the Swiss daily newspaper Der Bund. Northwestern University (USA). He has taught political sci- Before joining swisspeace in 1998 he was vice director and ence and international relations at various universities in head of the social research department at IHA-GfK, a lead- the United States, Europe and in Tunisia, and is currently ing Swiss market research institute (1992-1998). Krummen- director of the University of Tunis-Carthage in Tunisia. studied contemporary history, political science, and Among his recent publications are: Promoting Human Se- journalism at the University of Zürich. He received his PhD curity: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks in political science in 1985. He has published primarily on for the Arab States (Paris: UNESCO, 2005), “The Chal- the impact of international norms on state behaviour, secu- lenge of Democracy in North Africa”, in: Democratisation, rity concepts, conflict prevention and management, and 9/1 (Spring 2002): 17-39; “Mediterranean Relations: A conflict early warning. Among his most recent publications Southern Perspective”, in: Foreign Service Journal, pp. 24- are: “Computer Assisted Early Warning – the FAST Exam- 30; “The (Ire)relevance of Security Issues in Euro-Mediter- ple” (2006), “Global Terrorism – Symptom of Local Con- ranean Relations”, Zürcher Beiträge, No. 61: 57-74; “Securi- flicts” (2004), and “Prevention and Power Politics: Central ty Partnership and Democratisation: Perception of the Ac- Asia as a Show Case” (2001). tivities of Northern Security Institutions in the South”, in: Address: Dr. Heinz Krummenacher, swisspeace, Sonnen- H.G. Brauch, A. Marquina, A. Biad (Eds.): Euro-Mediterra- bergstrasse 17, P.O. Box, 3000 Bern 7, Switzerland. 21st nean Partnership for the Century (London: Macmillan, Email: . 2000 ). He also presented testimony on Euro-Me- Website: . diterranean relations before the European Parliament and the House of Lords; (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. Oswald Biographies of Contributors 1507

Authors of Forewords and Preface Essays

Rajendra K. Pachauri (India) has been the chief executive community and the World Bank and United Nations sys- of TERI since 1981, designated initially as Director and tem. In South-East Asia, he worked as Chief Technical Ad- since April 2001 as Director-General. In April 2002 he was viser on a programme for sustainable management of Me- elected as Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on kong River watersheds and community-based natural Climate Change (IPCC), which was established by the resources management. In 1998, he was appointed Secre- World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the Unit- tary-General of the World Commission on Dams, based in ed Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1988. South Africa, where he managed a global programme of IPCC along with former Vice President Al Gore has been work to bring together the public sector, civil society, and awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the year 2007. Dr. Pach- the private sector in a global policy process on dams and auri has a PhD in industrial engineering and a PhD in eco- development. In 2001, he was appointed Director-General nomics. He has been on several international and national of the World Conservation Union, one of the most influen- committees including membership of the Economic Adviso- tial and highly respected organizations in the field of con- ry Council to the Prime Minister of India, the Advisory servation, environment and natural resources management. Board on Energy (ABE) which reported directly to the As Chief Executive, he has held responsibility for the man- Prime Minister of India, a senior advisor to the Administra- agement and oversight of 1,000 staff located in 42 coun- tor of the United Nations Development Programme (UN- tries, implementing the Union’s global work programme. DP) and several others. He has been President (1988) and His professional track record in the fields of sustainable de- Chairman (1989-90) of the International Association for velopment policy and environmental management, his first- Energy Economics (IAEE). He has been President of the hand knowledge of civil society, governmental and interna- Asian Energy Institute since 1992. In April 1999, he was ap- tional organizations, as well as his global experience span- pointed member of the Board of Directors of the Institute ning five continents make him an excellent choice to lead for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan and the United Nations Environment Programme. Mr. Steiner continues to hold this appointment. He was awarded the was born in Brazil in 1961 where he lived for 10 years. His ‘Padma Bhushan’ in 2001 by the President of India and he educational background includes a Bachelor of Arts from was also bestowed the ‘Officier De La Légion D’Honneur’ the University of Oxford, as well as a Master of Arts from by the Government of France in 2006. He has been active the University of London with specialization in develop- in several international forums dealing with the subject of ment economics, regional planning, and international de- climate change and its policy dimensions. He was con- velopment and environment policy. He also studied at the ferred with the ‘Padma Vibhushan’, second highest civilian German Development Institute in Berlin, as well as the award, for his services in the field of science and engineer- Harvard Business School. He serves on a number of inter- ing in January 2008 by the President of India. national advisory boards, including the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Develop- Address: Prof. Dr. Rajendra K. Pachauri, Director-General, ment (CCICED). TERI, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, In- dia. Address: Mr. Achim Steiner, Executive Director of UNEP, Email: . United Nations Environment Programme, Headquarters, 30552 00100 Website: . United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box , . Nairobi, Kenya. Achim Steiner (Germany), Executive Director of the United Email: Nick Nuttall, Spokesperson, Office of the Executive Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Under- Director . Secretary General of the United Nations. Following the Website: . nomination by the Secretary-General, the General Assem- bly, on 16 March 2006, elected Mr. Steiner unanimously as U. Joy Ogwu (Nigeria), Ambassador, is the Permanent Rep- UNEP’s fifth Executive Director for a four-year term. Prior resentative of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to the United he was the Director-General of IUCN – the World Conser- Nations. She was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nigeria 2006 2007 vation Union – the world’s largest environmental network ( - ) and previously she served as Director General with over 1,000 members including states, government of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA), agencies, and non-governmental organizations in 140 coun- Nigeria, as chair of the Centre for Advanced Social Science tries. He has worked both at the grass-roots level and at the in Port-Harcourt and as chairperson of the United Nations highest levels of international policymaking to address the Secretary-Generalís Advisory Board on Disarmament Mat- 2006 interface between environmental sustainability, social equi- ters for . She is a professor of political science and in- ty, and economic development. His professional career has ternational relations. She obtained her BA and MA in polit- included assignments with governmental and non-govern- ical science fromRutgers University (USA) and a Ph.D. 1977 mental, as well as international organizations in different from the University of Lagos in Nigeria in , when she parts of the world. In Washington, where he was Senior joined the Institute of International Affairs at the University Policy Adviser of the IUCN Global Policy Unit, he led the of Lagos. She lectured at the Nigerian National War Col- development of new partnerships between the environment lege and the Nigerian Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), later she joined the NIIA as a lecturer, 1508 Authors of Forewords and Preface Essays

headed the research department on international politics Luc Gnacadja (Benin) is the Executive Secretary of the before she became Director General of the NIIA. In her United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification studies she focused on Latin America and on possibilities (UNCCD). He is an architect by profession, having gradu- of a South-South relationship between Sub-Saharan Africa ated from the African School of Architecture and Urbanism and Latin America. In her activities in the government as a in Lome. He is also the successful CEO of a consultancy member of the Presidential Advisory Council on Interna- firm and an accomplished manager, honing his skills at the tional Relations she influenced the relationship of Nigeria Harvard University Kennedy School of Government and with South America and she initiated the United Nations the World Bank Training Institute. He was Minister of Envi- Educational Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ronment, Housing and Urban Development of Benin (1999- funded programme for teaching human rights in Nigerian 2005). He gained first hand knowledge of the UNCCD schools. Her publications include: (Ed.): Nigerian Foreign process over several years as head of delegation to the Con- Policy: Alternative Futures (Macmillan 1986); (Ed.): Nigeri- ference of the Parties to the UNCCD. He was also head of aís International Economic Relation; Dimensions of De- delegation to the Conference of the Parties to the United pendence and Change (1988, rev. 2005; The Economic Di- Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) and plomacy of the Nigerian State (1992, 2001); The Nigerian the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). His pro- Navy and the South Atlantic (1995); (Ed.): New Horizons nounced leadership qualities enabled him at the national for Nigeria in World Affairs (2005). She has published ex- level to initiate and build synergies between the Rio conven- tensively in scholarly journals and books and lectured on tions, in conjunction with the National Commission on South-South and Latin Americaís foreign relations. Several Sustainable Development. He has served as chairman of publications appeared in Portuguese, Spanish, French and several international ministerial conferences, meetings and Croatian.s workshops related to the environment, urban and regional Address: Her Excellency Amb. Prof. Dr. Joy Ogwu, development, and sustainable development, including the Permanent Mission of the Federal Republic of Nigeria African Ministers Conference on Environment and the 2003 to the United Nations, 828 Second Avenue, New York, Commission on Sustainable Development. In March 2002 NY 10017, USA. Mr. Gnacadja was honoured with the “ Green Award” E-mail: . in Washington by the World Bank. Website: . Address: Mr. Luc Gnacadja, Executive Secretary of the Stavros Dimas (Greece) has been European Commissioner United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 2 0129 53153 for the Environment since November 2004 and from (UNCCD), UNCCD Secretariat, P.O. Box 6 , D- March 2004 – October 2004 he was European Com- Bonn, Germany. missioner for Employment and Social Affairs. Stavros C. Email: . Dimas has studied law and economics at the University of Website: . Athens in Greece and at New York University in the USA Sálvano Briceño (Venezuela): Ph.D. (University of Paris II and has worked as a lawyer for the legal department of the (Panthéon-Sorbonne), Paris, France). Sálvano Briceño was International Finance Corporation (IFC) a branch of the appointed the director of the secretariat of the Internation- 1970 1975 World Bank ( - ) and Sullivan & Cromwell, a Wall al Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) in June 19 9 1970 1975 1977 Street law firm ( 6 - ), and from - he was 2001. His career spans over several decades and has fo- Deputy Governor of the Hellenic Industrial Development cused on the management of environmental and sustaina- Bank. He has been elected to the Greek Parliament ten ble development programmes at the United Nations, the 1977 2004 consecutive times since - representing the party of World Conservation Union (IUCN) and the government of New Democracy and has held leading posts in Greek poli- Venezuela. Prior to joining UN/ISDR, Mr. Briceño was the tics, among them as member of the negotiating committee coordinator of the BIOTRADE and GHG Emissions Trad- 1977 for the accession of Greece to the EEC ( ); Deputy Min- ing Initiatives of the UN Conference on Trade and Devel- 1977 1980 ister of Economic Coordination ( - ); Minister of opment (UNCTAD), Geneva (1999-2001). Before that, he 1980 1981 Trade ( - ); Parliamentary spokesperson for New was deputy executive secretary of the UN Convention to 1985 1989 1989 1990 Democracy ( - ); Minister of Agriculture ( - ); Combat Desertification (UNCCD) secretariat (1996-1999), 1990 1991 Minister of Industry, Energy and Technology ( - ); following several years as the coordinator of Intergovern- 1995 2000 Secretary General of New Democracy ( - ); senior mental and Institutional Support of the UN Framework member of the Political Analysis Steering Committee of Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) where he was 2000 2003 New Democracy ( - ); head of the New responsible for assisting the Executive Secretary with mana- 2000 2004 Democracy delegation, Council of Europe ( - ). gement, legal, information support, external relations and Address: European Commissioner Stavros Dimas, European interagency relations of the organization (1991-1996). Fur- Commission, DG Environment, Cabinet of the Commis- ther UN experience includes five years with UNEP's Carib- sioner, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. bean Environment Programme at Kingston, Jamaica, where Email: . he collaborated closely with the Pan-Caribbean Disaster Website: . er in his career, Mr. Briceño joined the World Conserva- tion Union (IUCN) as the executive officer of IUCN’s Commission on Education, where he focused on environ- Biographies of Contributors 1509 mental education programmes and coordinated a world- (1993); VIDA SANA International Award, Spain; “Pride of wide network of experts (1985-1987). During the 1980’s he the Doon” Award from Doon Citizen Council, Dehra Dun, worked as research associate at Harvard University’s Energy India (1995); The Golden Plant Award, Denmark (1997); and Environment Policy Center, following an active career Alfonso Comin Award, Barcelona, Spain (1998), with the Ministry of Environment and Renewable Natural Commemorative Medal by Her Royal Highness Princess Resources in Venezuela where he was Director General re- Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand; Medal of the sponsible for environmental education, professional devel- Presidency of the Italian Republic from the International opment and international relations. Scientific Committee of the Pio Manzu Centre at Rimini; 2000 3000 Address: Dr. Sálvano Briceño, Director, Secretariat of the Pellegrino Artusi Award, Italy ( ); HORIZON 2001 International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) Award of Austria ( ). Among her major publications Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. are: (co-authored with H.C. Sharatchandra, J. Banyo- Email: . padhyay): Social Economic and Ecological Impact of Social Website: . Forestry in Kolar (Bangalore: Bangalore Indian Institute of Management, 1981); Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Michael Zammit Cutajar (Malta) was executive secretary Survival in India (New Delhi: Zed Press, 1988); Ecology of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Politics of Survival: Conflicts Over Natural Re- (1996-2002), after having set up and directed the secretariat sources in India (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1991); The supporting the UN’s climate change negotiations. He be- Violence of the Green Revolution: Ecological degradation gan his UN career in UNCTAD and returned in several sen- and political conflict in Punjab (New Delhi: Zed, 1992); ior capacities (1967-71, 1974-78, and 1986-91) and also (Ed.): Biodiversity: Social and Ecological Perspectives worked for the UN Conference on the Human Environ- (London: Zed, 1992); (Ed.): Women, Ecology and Health: ment and UNEP (1971-74)). Over the 1980’s, he joined the Rebuilding Connections (New Delhi: Dag Hammarskjöld International Foundation for Development Alternatives and Foundation and Kali for Women, 1993); Monocultures of was a consultant to the UN Office for Emergency Opera- the Mind: Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Agriculture tions in Africa and the Office for Special Political Affairs. (New Delhi: Zed, 1993); (co-author with Maria Mies): He was born in Malta and educated there at St. Edward’s Ecofeminism, (Halifax: Fernwood Publications, 1993); College and also at the University of London. Close to Home: Women Reconnect Ecology, Health and Email: . Development Worldwide (London: Earthscan, 1994); (co- author with: Ingunn Moser): Biopolitics (London: Zed, Vandana Shiva (India) is a physicist, ecofeminist, environ- 1995); Biopiracy: the Plunder of Nature and Knowledge 300 mental activist and author of over papers in leading (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1997); Stolen Harvest: scientific and technical journals. She was trained as a The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply (Cambridge, MA: physicist and received her Ph.D. in physics at the University South End Press, 1999); Tomorrow's Biodiversity (London: 1978 of Western Ontario in . She continued with interdisci- Thames and Hudson, 2000); Patents, Myths and Reality plinary research in science, technology and environmental (New Delhi: Penguin India, 2001); Water Wars (Boston: policy at the Indian Institute of Science and the Indian South End Press, 2001); Vedic Ecology: Practical Wisdom 1982 Institute of Management in Bangalore. In , she for Surviving the 21st Century (Novato, CA: Mandala founded the Research Foundation for Science, Technology Publishing Group, 2002); Water Wars; Privatization, and Ecology. She has fought for changes in the practice and Pollution, and Profit (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, paradigms of agriculture and food, intellectual property 2002); Globalization's New Wars: Seed, Water and Life rights, biodiversity, biotechnology, bioethics and genetic Forms (New Delhi: Women Unlimited, 2005); Earth engineering. She has assisted grassroots organizations of Democracy; Justice, Sustainability, and Peace (Cambridge, the green movement in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Ireland, MA: South End Press, 2005). Switzerland and Austria with campaigns against genetic 0 engineering. She has served as an adviser to governments in Address: Dr, Vandana Shiva, A-6 , Hauz Khas, New Delhi- 110016, India; Tel.: 91-11-26535422, 26968077 India and abroad as well as to NGOs, including the Intern- . ational Forum on Globalisation, the Women's Environ- E-mail: . Network. She participated in the nonviolent Chipko move- ment during the 1970’s, and she established Navdanya, a movement for biodiversity conservation and farmers’ rights. She is a leader of the International Forum on Globali- zation, and of the alter-globalization movement. She has argued for traditional practices in her book Vedic Ecology. She received the Right Livelihood Award (Alternative Nobel Prize); the Global 500 Award of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) both in 1993, and the Earth Day International Award of the United Nations (UN). Additional awards include: Order of the Golden Ark, by his Royal Highness Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands 1510 Authors

Authors

Emad Adly (Egypt), national coordinator of the Global En- umes, his publications include: State and Foreign Policy: In- vironment Facility (GEF) Small Grants Programme of the dia’s Role in South Asia (New Delhi: Vikas, 1993); The Effi- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in cacy of the Nation State in South Asia: A Post-nationalist Egypt since 1992. He obtained a bachelor degree from the Critique (Colombo: ICES, 1998); The Construction of Di- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (1980) and a master aspora: South Asians Living in Japan (Dhaka: UPL, 2000); degree from Paul Cezanne University, France (2006). He is (Ed.): Women, Bangladesh and International Security: chair and founder (in 1978) of the Arab Office for Youth Methods, Discourses and Policies (Dhaka: UPL, 2004); Fu- and Environment (AOYE) in Cairo; general coordinator tures Beyond Nationalism; (guest editor), Special issue of and founder (in 1990) of the Arab Network for Environ- Futures: The journal of policy, planning and futures stud- ment and Development (RAED) in Cairo; co-chair and ies, 37,9 (November 2005); (Ed.): Understanding Terrorism founder (in 1996) of the Mediterranean Information Office in South Asia: Beyond Statist Discourses (New Delhi: for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development Manohar Publishers – Colombo: Regional Centre for Stra- (MIO-ECSDE) in Athens; chairperson of the Steering Com- tegic Studies, 2006). 2001 mittee and founder (in ) of the Nile Basin Discourse Address: Prof. Dr. Imtiaz Ahmed, House 13B, Helal Kutir, (NBD) in Entebbe; board member of the Egyptian Water Road 117, Apt. 4B, Gulshan, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. Partnership; member of the Governors’ Board of the Arab Email: . Water Council and member of other national, regional and Website: . international organizations, including as national coordina- tor of the Local Initiative Facility for Urban Environment Tarek A. Ahmed (Egypt) is a lead specialist of the project by UNDP (1993-2005). He is co-editor of: The Gulf of Aqa- planning and management component, under the “Water ba” (Washington, DC: Environment Law Institute, 1991); he Resources Planning and Management Project” of the Nile has supervised the Montada Al Biaa (Environment Forum) Basin Initiative (NBI) team in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. He newsletter since 1989 and has been a co-editor of the Sus- was associate professor at the National Water Research tainable Mediterranean newsletter since 1997. He super- Center, Egypt, specializing in water distribution and man- vised many publications on environment and sustainable agement where he was responsible for managing the Nile development in Egypt and in the Arab region. Basin portfolio, under the supervision of the Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation of Egypt. Prior to the 3rd Address: Mr: Emad Adly, P.O.B 2 Magles Elshaab, Cairo, World Water Forum in Kyoto, Japan, he worked for the Egypt. World Water Council in Marseilles, France, preparing and Email: . editing the main forum report ‘World Water Actions’. Dur- Website: . ing a one-year post-doctoral programme at WEDC, Lough- Bastien Affeltranger (France) is a geographer in disaster borough University, UK, he probed the responsibility of mitigation with a focus on water-related hazards. As free- governments having to make decisions contradicting envi- lance consultant (1998-2005), he worked for municipalities, ronmental and/or social criteria. In Egypt, he participated ministries (France; Quebec, Canada), river basin organiza- in a water policy reform programme studying the potential tions (Mekong; Okavango) and U.N. agencies (UNESCO; for transferring water management to stakeholders. He WMO; WHO; UNU-EHS; UN/ISDR). Regions of activity worked for consultancies where he developed work plans include: Europe, Southern Africa and Southeast Asia. He for water supply of the Republic of Sao Tomé e Principe, has written papers on community-based risk reduction, and coordinated multi-sectoral development efforts for the with a focus on social evaluation of flood warning systems. Ké-Macina area, Republic of Mali. He authored and co-au- He wrote a book on hydropolitics in the Mekong river ba- thored more than ten research papers on various disciplines sin. In 2005 he joined the national Institute for Industrial of water management. He studied state administration at: Environment and Risks (INERIS, France) where he works l’Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA) at Strasbourg, on industrial and dam safety. France. He graduated as a civil engineer from Cairo Univer- Address: Dr. Bastien Affeltranger, INERIS, B.P. 2, Parc sity, and obtained MSc and PhD degrees from Southamp- ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France. ton University, UK in civil, environmental and irrigation en- Email: . gineering. Website: . Address: Dr Tarek A. Ahmed, Water Resources Planning & Management Project, Nile Basin Initiative, P.O.Box 60173, Imtiaz Ahmed (Bangladesh) is a professor of international Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. relations, University of Dhaka and also the executive direc- Email: . tor of the Centre for Alternatives. He is the editor of: The- Website: . Journal of the Chamber of Turkish Architecture (April Website: . 2003): 28-33; “Differentiating the natural and man-made ter- races of Lake Van, Eastern Anatolia, utilizing earth science Saleem H. Ali (Pakistan, United States) is associate dean methods”, in: Journal Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & for graduate education and associate professor of environ- Management (February 2008): 83-93. His present research mental planning at the University of Vermont’s Rubenstein focuses on indigenous traditional knowledge for sustaina- School of Natural Resources, and on the adjunct faculty of ble natural resource management. Brown University’s Watson Institute for International Stud- ies. His research has focused on the causes and conse- Address: Assistant Prof. Erhan Akça, Adiyaman University, quences of environmental conflicts and on how ecological 02400 Department of Technical Programs, , Adiyaman, factors can promote peace. He is also a senior fellow at the Turkey. United Nations mandated University for Peace (Costa Email: . Rica). Much of his empirical research has focused on envi- Website: . ronmental conflicts in the mineral sector. In September 2007 Ali Ghazi (Algeria): engineer in agronomy from the Na- , he was chosen as one of eight ‘revolutionary minds’ tional Institute Agronomique El Harrach in Algiers (1977). by Seed magazine. His publications include: (Ed.): Peace Since 1996 he has been Central Inspector of Environment Parks: Conservation and Conflict Resolution (Cambridge, 2007 in the Ministry of Town and Country Planning, Environ- MA: MIT Press, ); Mining, the Environment and In- ment and Tourism; the local correspondent of FAO in the digenous Development Conflicts (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona 2004 evaluation of worldwide forests; and since 2005 he is the Press, ). He is a regular columnist for Pakistan’s Daily focal point of the UNEP (FEM/PNUE) project on the self- Times and has contributed op-ed pieces for The Interna- assessment of national capacities for implementing the tional Herald Tribune and The Boston Globe. He received international conventions on biological diversity, combating his doctorate in environmental planning from MIT, a mas- desertification and climate change. He is a member of the ter in environmental studies from Yale University and a council of the Algerian Society of Water. He previously bachelor degree in chemistry from Tufts University. held these positions: as director of fauna, flora and protect- Address: Prof. Dr. Saleem H. Ali, University of Vermont, 153 ed areas in the National Agency for Nature (ANN, 1991- S. Prospect St., Burlington, VT 05401, USA. 1996); as sub-manager for reforestation and nursery gardens Email: . in the Ministry of Water, Environment and Forests (1985- Website: . 1991); as national coordinator of a regional project by UNEP (PNUD/RAB) on the introduction of the Jojoba Professor J. A. [Tony] Allan is a professor of geography in 1987 1990 King’s College in the University of London. He gained a ( - ); as sub-manager for reforestation within the 1958 State Secretariat on Forests (1983-1985) and chief officer for first degree at Durham University ( ) and his PhD at the reforestation (1980-1983). Among his publications (in School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London (1971). His research focuses on water resources in water French and Arabic) are: The choice of sorts of trees for the scarce regions. He coined the concept of ‘virtual water’ to reforestation of the arid and semiarid area, thesis in engi- neering (Algiers: INA 1977); “The emphasis on saline soil in explain the absence of armed conflict over water resources in the extremely water scarce Middle East and North Afri- Algeria”, in: Technical Bulletin I.N.R.F. (Algiers: National ca. He also promotes the importance of other political Institute of Forest Research, 1985); Results of tests on the economy explanations and emphasizes the economic and introduction of the Jojoba in Algeria (Algiers: Ministry of political processes beyond the watershed that explain why Water and Mines, 1988); Conception and use of the frame economies can achieve water security. He also addresses of reference on a large scale of the village of Murviel les - the social and political contexts which influence and usual- Montpellier by remote sensing (Montpellier: INRA, 1991); ly determine water use and policy, and has deployed a wide The pistachios of the Atlas in a project on Algeria’s North- range of environmental, economic, social and political the- en green belt [in Arabic] (Tunis, 1991); Soil and biological ory that takes into account the underlying fundamentals of means in Algeria by 2010 (Algiers: National Institute of water in the hydrological cycle and the impact of engineer- Global and Strategy Studies (INESG) 1997); Genetic means: ing interventions. The difficulties of scientists and profes- legislative and regulatory aspects (U.I.C.N, 1996); Biodiver- sionals in gaining a place for their ‘knowledge’ in water pol- sity in Algeria: strategic importance (1999); For an integrat- icy discourses is his major current research theme. A major ed policy of development of the coastal region (Algiers: IN- ESG, February 2006); “Problematique de la Desertification research focus is global water resource and the extent to en Algerie: Etat et Mesure de Lutte pour la Protection des which global resources will be sufficient to meet the needs of future populations. The rich diversity of the theorization 1512 Authors

is a feature of the international contribution of the Water ty. He received a PhD from University of Zürich in political Issues Research Group he founded at SOAS. His books in- science, specializing in hydropolitics; two MA degrees from clude: (with Paul Howell): The Nile: Sharing a scarce re- Ohio University, in political science and in international af- source (Cambridge: CUP, 1995); Water and peace in the fairs, and a BA in government affairs from Addis Ababa Middle East: Negotiating resources in the Jordan Basin University. He has published articles and co-authored (London: I.B. Tauris, 1996); The water question in the Mid- books on hydropolitics, conflict handling and comparative dle East: the second best works (London: I.B. Tauris, politics. His recent book (2007) is: Ethiopia and the Nile: 2000). In 2008 he was awarded the Stockholm Water Prize Dilemmas of National and Regional Hydropolitics. He was for contributions to water science and particularly to the a research fellow with the University of Bergen, Norway political economy of water. (1999-2000, 2007), with the Swiss Federal Institute of Tech- 2000 2004 Address: Professor J A Allan, Room M70, Geography nology Zürich ( - ), and with the National Center Department, King’s College London, The Strand, London for Competence in Research - North-South, University of 2004 WC2, UK, and: SOAS, Thornhaugh Street, London WC1H Bern ( -to date). He was a research associate of the Pas- 0XG, UK. toral and Environmental Network in the Horn of Africa 1995 9 Email: . ( - 6). He served as regional vice secretary general of 1997 2000 Website: . the World Herders Council ( - ). He is a founding member of Ethiopian Water Resources Association, found- Madhavi Malalgoda Ariyabandu (Sri Lanka) holds a MSc. ing member of Ethiopian Political Science Association and in agricultural economics from the School of Development a member of several professional associations, including: Studies, University of East Anglia, UK, and a MSc. in agron- Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and omy from the Peoples Friendship University, Moscow, Southern Africa, Ethiopian Educational Researchers Associ- USSR. She has authored: Defeating Disasters; Ideas for Ac- ation, International Water History Association and Interna- tion (1999), co-authored (with M. Wickramasinghe): Gen- tional Studies Association. He is chairman of Regional Sci- der Dimensions in Disaster Management – a Guide for entific Advisory Board for North-South Research in the South Asia (2004), which was translated into four South Horn of Africa and vice chairman for National Water Re- Asian languages: Hindi, Urdu, Tamil and Sinhalan; Disaster search and Development of Ethiopia. He received the 2005 Communication – a Resource Kit for Media (1992); and Peter-Becker Junior Prize for peace and conflict research (with A. Bhatti): Livelihood Centred Approach to Disaster from the Philipps University of Marburg, Germany, with Si- Management – a Policy Framework for South Asia (2005); mon Mason of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and co-edited (with P. Sahni): Disaster Risk Reduction in Zürich (ETH). He has taught courses on hydropolitics in South Asia (2003), and authored numerous articles on the Northeastern Africa and the Middle East, politics in the theme of political economy of development and disasters, Horn of Africa, comparative politics and African political including: “Sex, Gender and Gender Relations in Disas- systems. Currently he is dean of the College of Social Sci- ters”, in: Enarson, E.; Chakrabarti, D. (Eds.): Women, Gen- ences, Addis Ababa University. der and Disaster: Global Issues and Initiatives (forthcom- Address: Prof. Dr. Yacob Arsano, 1176, College of Social ing). She served as the national gender advisor and project Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. manager for micro enterprise recovery in the Tsunami Re- Email: or . covery Unit, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Sri Lanka (2005-2006). Before she was the pro- Peter Ashton (South Africa): PhD (aquatic ecology, Rhodes gramme manager, disaster mitigation, with ITDG South University, South Africa), is a principal scientist and divi- Asia (1997- 2005), and research and training officer at the sional fellow specializing in integrated water resources man- Agrarian Research and Training Institute, Colombo, Sri agement issues at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Lanka ( 1982-1992). She is the chairperson of Duryog Ni- Research (CSIR). He is also an honorary professor of water varan, a South Asia network for disaster mitigation. She resources management at Pretoria University and is one of was awarded the Mary Fran Myers Award in 2004, for “ad- the ten founding members of the Universities Partnership vancing women’s careers in emergency management and for Transboundary Waters. He has worked on a variety of the academy and for promoting gendered disaster re- ecological and water resources research and consultancy search”, by the Gender and Disaster Network (GDN) and projects in several African countries. His current research the Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado, USA. interests focus on the inclusion of ecological knowledge She is currently programme officer for South Asia at the and good governance processes in decision-making, with United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduc- special reference to the management of transboundary riv- tion (UN/ISDR). ers in Africa. Major publications include: “Avoiding Con- 31 3 Address: Ms. Madhavi Malalgoda Ariyabandu, UN/ISDR, flicts Over Africa’s Water Resources”, in: Ambio, , 2002 23 242 International Environment House II, 7-9 Chemin de Balex- ( ): 6- ; (co-author with V. Ramasar): “Water and ert, CH 1219, Chatelaine, Geneva, Switzerland. HIV/AIDS: Some Strategic Considerations for Southern Af- Email: ,. rica”, in: Turton, Anthony; Henwood, Roland (Eds.): Hyd- Website: . ropolitics in the Developing World: A Southern African Perspective (Pretoria: African Water Issues Research Unit, Yacob Arsano (Ethiopia), assistant professor of political 2002): 217-235; “Water and Development: A Southern Afri- science and international relations at Addis Ababa Universi- can Perspective”, in: Managing Water Resources Past and Biographies of Contributors 1513

Present – The 2002 Linacre Lectures (Oxford University search on environmental security and climate change in the Press, 2004): 149-172; (co-author with M.J. Neal): “An Over- Pacific Islands, and on water resource problems in China. view of Key Strategic Issues in the Okavango River Basin” He has written one book and fifty peer-reviewed academic in: Turton, Anthony; Ashton, Peter; Cloete, Eugene (Eds): papers published in international books and journals. A se- Transboundary Rivers, Sovereignty and Development: Hy- lection of these include: “Peace and Development: Towards dropolitical Drivers in the Okavango River Basin (Geneva: a New Synthesis”, in: Journal of Peace Research, 45; (co-au- Green Cross International and Pretoria: African Water Is- thor with Grant Walton): “The Ambiguities of Environmen- sues Research Unit, 2003): 31-63. He has also contributed tal Degradation and Violence: The Case of the Tolukuma many chapters to books. Gold Mine”, in: Society and Natural Resources 21; “The Address: Dr Peter Ashton, Room S-255, Building 33, Envi- Geopolitics of Climate Change”, in: Geography Compass, 1 ronmentek, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research ; (co-author with Neil Adger): “Climate Change, Human 2 (CSIR), P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Security and Violent Conflict”, in: Political Geography 6; Africa. “Adapting to Climate Change in Pacific Island Countries: 29 Email: [email protected] The Problem of Uncertainty”, in: World Development, ; Website: . “Security and Climate Change”, in: Global Environmental Change 13; (co-author with Neil Adger): “Climate Dangers Mustafa Aydin (Turkey): professor of international rela- and Atoll Countries”, in: Climatic Change, 61; The Mean- tions at the TOBB – University of Economics and Technol- ing of Environmental Security (London: Zed). ogy; as well as at the National Security Academy, Ankara. Address: Dr. Jon Barnett, Resource Management and Geog- He was a research fellow at the Center for Political Studies, raphy, The University of Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Aus- University of Michigan (1998); a UNESCO fellow at the Ri- tralia. chardson Institute for Peace Studies, Lancaster University, Email: . UK (1999); a Fulbright Scholar at the John F. Kennedy Website: . School of Government, Harvard University (2002); an Alex- ander S. Onassis Fellow at the University of Athens (2003); Navnita Chadha Behera (India), professor at the Nelson and a research fellow at the EU Institute for Security Stud- Mandela Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Jamia ies, Paris (2003). Among others, he is the author of: Ten Millia Islamia. See: Biographies of editors. Years After: Turkey’s Gulf Policy Revisited (2002); Turkish Sophia Benz (Germany): doctoral student at the Institute Foreign Policy; Framework and Analysis (2004); (co-editor of Political Science, Department of International Relations, with K. Ifantis): Greek-Turkish Relations in the 21st Centu- Peace and Conflict Research, University of Tübingen, Ger- ry: Escaping from the Security Dilemma in the Aegean many and visiting research scholar at the University of Cali- (2002); (co-editor with C. Erhan): Turkish-American Rela- fornia at Berkeley, Department of International and Area tions; 200 Years of Divergence and Convergence (2002); Studies, Peace and Conflict Studies (2007-2009). Her cur- (co-editor with T. Y. Ismael): Turkey’s Foreign Policy in the rent work focuses on the duration of civil wars and the 21st Century: A Changing Role in World Politics; (co-editor ‘new wars’ hypothesis. In 2005 she obtained a masters de- with K. Ifantis): International Security Today: Understand- gree in politics and management from the Faculty of Public ing Change and Debating Strategy (2006); (Ed.): Central Policy and Management, Konstanz University, Germany. In Asia in Global Politics (in Turkish, 2004); Turkey’s Eura- 2001 and 2002/2003 she worked with the United Nations sian Adventure (in Turkish, 2008). Fund for International Partnerships in New York on child Address: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Aydin, TOBB-Economics and health, women and population issues and with the United 43 Technology University, Sogutozu Caddesi, No , Sogutozu, Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Vienna on private 0 5 0 6 6 , Ankara, Turkey. sector fundraising. An earlier and extended version of this E-Mail: . chapter was submitted to the University of Konstanz, De- Jon Barnett (Australia) is an Australian Research Council partment of Public Policy and Management in partial fulfil- Fellow, Department of Resource Management and Geogra- ment for the requirements of the MA degree in politics and 3 13 phy, University of Melbourne. He has a PhD in resource management (see at: ). Papers on the link- ian National University. Prior to joining Melbourne Univer- age between HIV/AIDS and conflict have been presented sity he was a New Zealand Science and Technology Post- at the Fifth Pan-European International Relations Confer- 9 11 2004 doctoral Fellow, Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Stud- ence, The Hague, Netherlands, - September , at the 11 21 24 ies, University of Canterbury. He is a geographer whose th EADI General Conference, Bonn, Germany, - Sep- 2005 research concerns theoretical and applied problems in de- tember and at the DVPW Conference, Mannheim, 7 2005 velopment and environment, development and security, Germany, 6- October . Her first book analyses: The and environment and security. He has conducted research Killing of the Fittest: A Quantitative Analysis of HIV/AIDS 2008 on the human dimensions of climate change in the Pacific and Conflict (Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag, ). Islands, including likely impacts, policy responses, and re- Address: Ms. Sophia Benz, Institut für Politikwissenschaft, gional and global climate politics. In 2003 he led the first Abteilung Internationale Beziehungen – Friedens- und Konf- research project investigating the possible impacts of cli- liktforschung, Zimmer 26, Melanchthonstrasse 36, 72072 mate change in Timor Leste. He is currently conducting re- Tübingen, Germany. 1514 Authors

Email: . current research interests focus primarily on Canada and Website: . Sub-Saharan Africa, with emphases on human security, de- velopment assistance, multilateral diplomacy and extractive (Switzerland) is a research fellow at the Christine Bichsel industry investment. His published work has also addressed Department of Geography, University of Berne, Switzer- human rights in Canadian and South African foreign poli- land. She holds a PhD degree in geography from the Uni- cies, the role of post-apartheid South Africa in Africa, and versity of Berne (2006). For her master’s thesis she spent on sport and world politics. Among his recent publications four months conducting field research in Solukhumbu, Ne- are an edited section of the: Canadian Journal of Develop- pal. After completion of her degree in geography, she con- ment Studies (XXVIII, 2007) on: “Canadian Aid Policy in tinued her Chinese language training at the Beijing Normal the new Millennium: Paradoxes and Tensions”; (co-ed. with University, Beijing, China (2000–2001). In 2002, she began Sandra MacLean and Timothy Shaw): A Decade of Human her PhD studies with the Swiss National Centre for Com- Security: Global Governance and New Multilateralisms (NCCR) North–South programme and petence in Research (Ashgate 2006); (co-ed. with Janis van der Westhuizen): joined swisspeace / Swiss Peace Foundation, Berne, Swit- Special Issue of: Third World Quarterly (25, 2004) on zerland as a doctoral student. For her PhD thesis, she con- “Global Games”. He is currently the president of the Inter- ducted field research totalling 14 months in Kyrgyzstan, Uz- national Studies Association – Canada Section, a member bekistan and Tajikistan (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005). In 2007, of the Executive Council of the Canadian Consortium on she worked in Kyrgyzstan as a consultant for the German Human Security (CCHS), and a member of the Editorial Technical Assistance (GTZ). As of March 2008, she is a vis- Board of the Canadian Foreign Policy journal. iting researcher at the Department of Geography, National University of Singapore. Her publications include: “In Address: Prof. Dr. David Black, Department of Political Sci- 3 4 Search of Harmony: Repairing Infrastructure and Social Re- ence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B H H6, Can- lations in the Ferghana Valley”, in: Central Asian Survey, ada. 24,1; Conflict Transformation in Central Asia: Irrigation Email: . Disputes in the Ferghana Valley (London: Routledge, Website: . 2008 ). Wolf Dieter Blümel (Germany): Dr. rer. nat. (Stuttgart Uni- Address: Dr. Christine Bichsel, Department of Geography, versity), professor of physical geography, Faculty of Geo- Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. and Bio-Sciences, University of Stuttgart. He mainly works E-Mail: . on geomorphology, geoecology and paleoclimatology of dr- Website: . leader of the interdisciplinary Geoscientific Spitsbergen Ex- pedition (SPE 1989-1992) and was member in two longer- (Germany) is academic officer and head of Jörn Birkmann lasting Antarctic research projects. His research activities in the Vulnerability Assessment Section at the United Nations drylands focussed dominantly on Southwest Africa, the University - Institute for Human Security and Environment Arabian Peninsula, Israel, SE-Spain, Mexico and the south- (UNU-EHS). He holds a PhD in spatial planning from west of the USA. Additional focuses are environmental Dortmund University as well as a licence as an urban plan- problems, geoarchaeology and landscape history of Central ner. He has broad working experience in the field of vul- Europe. Most of his articles have been published in differ- nerability, sustainable development and environmental as- ent national and international journals like: Geomorpholo- sessment, being specialized in the area of the development gy, Zeitschrift für of Geomorphologie, Palaeo, Catena, Die of assessment methodologies and indicators to estimate Erde, Geographische Rundschau, Nova Acta Leopoldina, and evaluate different socio-economic trends at the sub-na- Erdkunde, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences a.o. He is au- tional, local and household scale. His work experience also thor of: Physische Geographie der Polargebiete (Stuttgart: encompasses research activities and lectures around the Teubner, 1999); (co-author of): Der Süden Deutschlands – globe, for example in London and Mexico. Besides re- Eine Zeitreise vom Erdmittelalter zur Gegenwart (Heidel- search and training activities at UNU-EHS he also teaches berg: Elsevier, 2007) and of other books. He edited several at the Institute for Geography, University of Bonn. His cur- specific volumes of scientific journals. He is on the editori- rent field of research is on the development of quantitative al board of the journal: Die Erde and Stuttgarter Geogra- and qualitative methodologies to assess vulnerability. His phische Studien. He was appointed as member of the Deut- latest edited book is: Measuring vulnerability to hazards of sche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (since July (Tokyo – natural origin. Towards disaster resilient societies 2008: National Academy of Science) and belongs to the New York: United Nations University Press, 2006). Commission for Geomorphology of the Bavarian Acade- Address: Dr. Jörn Birkmann, UN Campus, Hermann-Ehlers my of Science. He works as a referee for the German Sci- Str. 10, 53111 Bonn, Germany. ence Foundation (DFG), the Alexander von Humboldt Email: . Foundation and as an evaluator of academic institutions Website: . and research projects. For decades he has been a member of several scientific associations like: David Black (Canada) is director of the Centre for Foreign Deutsche Gesellschaft Policy Studies and professor of political science and inter- für Polarforschung, Deuqua or Deutsche Bodenkundliche national development studies at Dalhousie University. His Gesellschaft. Biographies of Contributors 1515

Address: Prof. Dr. Wolf Dieter Blümel, Institut für Geogra- the European Academy of Science and of the German phie, Universität Stuttgart, Azenbergstrasse 12, D-70174 Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Stuttgart, Germany. Address: Prof. Dr. Hans-Georg Bohle, Geography Depart- Email: . ment, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115 Website: . Bonn, Germany. Janos J. Bogardi (Hungary, Germany) graduated in civil en- Email: . gineering with special emphasis on water resources and ag- Website: . University of Budapest, Hungary. After obtaining a post Maëlis Borghese (France), a political scientist who works graduate diploma on hydrology from the University of Pad- as a regional coordinator for Southern Africa with Agence ua, Italy, he earned his PhD in civil engineering at the Uni- Française de Développement (AFD), Paris, France. She has versity of Karlsruhe, Germany. He was honoured to receive graduated from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris and the title of ‘Doctor Honoris Causa’ from the Agricultural from the Free University of Berlin (Dipl.-Pol.) before join- University of Warsaw, Poland, the Technical University of ing AFD. She has specialized in international relations, de- Budapest, Hungary and the State University for Architec- velopment economics and policy with a particular focus on ture and Civil Engineering, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Fed- natural resources management and transboundary water co- eration. After his activities as assistant professor at the Insti- operation. From June 2005 to June 2007 she was responsi- tute for Water Resources Management of the Technical ble for the management of water supply projects as well as University of Budapest, his professional activities took him for the follow-up of general budget support programmes at as scientific staff member to the Federal Institute for Hy- the AFD office in Ghana. Since August 2007, she works for draulic Engineering in Karlsruhe, and the University of the Africa Department of AFD’s Headquarters in Paris, Karlsruhe, respectively. He alternated these posts with ex- where she is responsible for the activities in Southern Afri- pert assignments for German consulting engineers in Darm- ca. Her publications include: (with Jonathan Lautze and stadt and Essen. In the following three years he was then Mark Giordano): “Driving forces behind African trans- seconded by the German Agency for Technical Co-opera- boundary water law: internal, external, and implications”, tion (GTZ) to the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Paper for the International Workshop on African Water Bangkok, Thailand. Subsequently he became professor for Laws of the International Water Management Institute, Jo- hydraulics and general hydrology at the Agricultural Univer- hannesburg, 26-28 January 2005; (with Hélène Nieul, Mari- sity of Wageningen, The Netherlands, for almost eight on Weinspach, Blandine Pons and Mathilde Renard): “Té- years. His trajectory at the United Nations started at the moignage, Une génération en quête d’un nouvel United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Orga- engagement”, in: Henri Rouillé d’Orfeuil (Ed.): Les ONG nization (UNESCO) in Paris, France, as senior programme dans la tempête mondiale (Paris: Editions Charles Léopold specialist and then chief of the Section on Sustainable Wa- Mayer, 2004): 85-95. ter Resources and Management. In 2003 he was appointed Address: Ms. Maëlis Borghese, 27 rue de la Cour des director of the United Nations University Institute for Envi- 75020 ronment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) in Bonn. In Noues, Paris, France. 2007 he was assigned Vice-Rector a.i. of United Nations Email: . University (UNU) in Europe. He has authored, co-au- Rajeb Boulharouf (Algeria), a graduate of the Ecole Na- thored, and edited more than 170 publications including tionale D’Administration (ENA) with a specialization in di- books, journal papers, research reports, lecture notes, as plomacy, was at the time of this article submission external well as numerous articles for the media. relations and public information coordinator of the Secre- Address: Prof. Dr. Janos J. Bogardi, UN Campus, Her- tariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Deser- mann-Ehlers Str. 10, 53111 Bonn, Germany. tification (UNCCD). He was the spokesperson of the Sec- Email: . retariat in Bonn, Germany. He worked on multilateral Website: . issues covering scientific and environmental matters at the Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and with the Perma- Hans-Georg Bohle (Germany): Ph.D. (Göttingen Universi- nent Mission of Algeria in New York. He joined the ty), professor of geography, Geography Department, Uni- UNCED secretariat in the 1990’s where he was responsible versity of Bonn. He is chair of development geography at for the development of chapter 12 of ‘Agenda 21’. In his the Geography Department of Bonn University. At UNU- past position at the UNCCD secretariat, he overlooked EHS he is a Munich Re Foundation Chair on Social Vulner- emerging issues and had over the last years concentrated on ability. His academic work is directed on issues of vulnera- the social, economic and security ‘risks’ of desertification. bility, risk and human security, with special emphasis on He was directly responsible for the organization of the two food, water and health. His regional focus is on South Asia UNCCD sponsored events on desertification and migra- (India, Pakistan, Nepal Bangladesh, Sri Lanka). He serves tions in Almeria, Spain in 1994 and 2006. He is now in in the Steering Committee of GECHS (Global Environ- charge of the newly established Conference Services Unit mental Change and Human Security) and in the Interna- of UNCCD. Other publications: Teachers’ Kit on Desertifi- tional Scientific Advisory Board of GECAFS (Global Envi- cation (Paris: UNESCO, 2001); Desert Nights. Tales From ronmental Change and Food Systems). He is a member of 1516 Authors

the Desert. International Film Festival on Desertification torate degrees in government (University of South Carolina, (Rome: Tipographia Ostiense, 2006). Columbia, SC, 1981; University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 1984 Address: Mr. Rajeb Boulharouf, UN Campus, Herman- ). He is founding director of the Wasatia moderate Is- Ehlers-Strasse 10, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. lamic Initiative - Palestine; chairman, Board of Directors, Email: . House of Water and Environment; chairman, Board of Di- Website: . rectors/IPCRI; member, Board of Directors, YMCA-West Jerusalem; consultant, Seeds of Peace; founding director, Je- Hans Günter Brauch (Germany), Privatdozent (adj. prof.) rusalem Studies and Research Institute and ISBN Palestine at the Faculty of Political Science and Social Sciences, Free Agency, Al-Bireh, Palestine. He worked as founding direc- University of Berlin, since 1987 chairman of Peace Research tor of the Palestinian Public Administration National Insti- and European Security Studies (AFES-PRESS). See: Biogra- tute; senior consultant on public administration of the Pal- phies of editors. estinian Ministry of Planning and International Coopera- tion. Between mid-1998 and 2004 he was director of the Sálvano Briceño (Venezuela), director of the Secretariat of Technical Assistance and Training Department, the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ Palestinian (PECDAR), ISDR) since June 2001. See: Biographies of authors of fore- Council for Development and Reconstruction in charge of implementing a 23-million US$ World Bank words and preface essays. Technical Assistance Trust Fund. Between 1995 and 1997 he Vicken Cheterian (Switzerland), head of research pro- was chief technical advisor, United Nations Development grammes at CIMERA, a Geneva based consultancy. He Programme (UNDP), Programme of Assistance to the Pal- leads policy related studies on media and development, estinian People, providing training and consultancy services causes of conflicts, conflict resolution, and democratization to the Palestinian Authority on public administration devel- processes. He studied the causes of conflicts, state collapse opment and institution building. Between 1990 and 1995, and the rise of nationalism in the Caucasus, and holds a he founded and acted as chairman of the Department of Ph.D. in history and politics of international relations from Political Science and Diplomacy, Applied Science Universi- the Graduate Institute of International Studies, University ty, Amman, Jordan. He frequently participates in local, re- of Geneva. Before he worked as a journalist for major Euro- gional and international conferences, and is author and co- pean papers such as Le Monde Diplomatique, and Neue author of numerous academic books and articles in English Zürcher Zeitung reporting on conflicts and political devel- and Arabic. opments from the Middle East, Caucasus, Russia, Central Address: Prof. Dr. Mohammed Dajani Daoudi, P. O. Box Asia, Ukraine, and Eastern Europe. Mandated by the Swiss 14085, Jaffa Gate, Jerusalem, Israel. Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, he led a three year Email: and: long project for confidence building between journalists . 1997 2000 and political analysts in the Caucasus ( - ), and later Website: ; and: mandated by the Swiss Agency for Development and Coop- . eration he set-up the Caucasus Media Institute, a media training and research centre in Yerevan (2002-2004). He Simon Dalby (Canada), Ph.D. (Simon Fraser University, worked as a consultant for the Environment and Security Vancouver), professor of geography, environmental studies Initiative (ENVSEC) launched by UNEP, UNDP, OSCE and political economy, Carleton University, Ottawa. His re- and NATO co-authoring two EnvSec reports on the South search work concerns critical geopolitics, environmental se- Caucasus and Eastern Europe. Among his publications are: curity and political ecology and increasingly how all these Dialectics of Ethnic Conflicts and Oil Politics in the Cauca- matters link up with contemporary discussions of empire, sus (Geneva, 1997); Little Wars and a Great Game, Local and modes of urban consumption in the metropoles of the Conflicts and International Competition in the Caucasus global economy. His articles have appeared in diverse (Bern, 2001); (co-author with Nina Iskandaryan): Post-Sovi- scholarly journals including: Alternatives, Antipode, Aus- et Media: From Propaganda to Journalism [in Russian] tralian Journal of International Affairs, Geopolitics, Global (Yerevan, 2006); War and Peace in the Caucasus, Trouble Environmental Politics, Intelligence and National Security, on Russia’s Frontier (London: Hurst, 2008). Political Geography, Society and Space and Studies in Polit- 1 ical Economy. He is author of: Creating the Second Cold Address: Dr. Vicken Cheterian, CIMERA, rue de Vuache , 1990 Box 1242, 1211 Geneva 1, Switzerland. War (London – New York: Pinter and Guilford, ) and (Minneapolis: University of Minne- Email: Environmental Security sota Press, 2002). He is co-editor of: Website: . Rethinking Geopoli- tics (London: Routledge, 1998) and of: The Geopolitics Béchir Chourou (Tunisia), professor of international rela- Reader (London: Routledge 11998, 22006; Security and En- tions at the University of Tunis-Carthage in Tunisia. See: vironmental Change (Oxford: Polity, 2009, forthcoming). Biographies of editors. Address: Prof. Dr. Simon Dalby, Department of Geography 1125 Mohammed Dajani Daoudi (Palestine), Ph.D. (1981), Ph.D and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Colo- 1 5 (1984), is a professor of political science and founding di- nel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K S B6 Canada. rector, American Studies Institute, Al-Quds University. He Email: . is a Jerusalem-born scholar and peace activist with two doc- Website: . Biographies of Contributors 1517

Philippe De Lombaerde (Belgium) has been a research fel- Address: Prof. Dr. Tobias Debiel, Institute for Development low at the United Nations University - Comparative Re- and Peace (INEF), Geibelstr. 41, D-47057 Duisburg, Ger- gional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS) in Bruges since Au- many. gust 2002. Previously he worked as an associate professor E-Mail: . of international economics at the Universidad Nacional de Website: . Colombia (Bogotá), as a researcher and lecturer at the Uni- Tom Deligiannis (Canada) is completing his Ph.D. in the versity of Antwerp and as a researcher at the National Insti- Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, un- tute of Development Administration (NIDA) (Bangkok). He has also been a visiting professor at the University for der the supervision of Thomas Homer-Dixon. His disserta- Peace, the University of Bonn and the Universidad de Los tion is building on the tradition of environmental conflict Andes. His current research interests include regional eco- research at the University of Toronto through detailed field nomic integration, monitoring tools and indicators, Latin work in Peru, exploring the impacts of human-induced American regionalism, and cross-border micro-regions. He environmental and demographic change in Chuschi and Quispillacta, two communities in south-central Ayacucho, recently (co-edited): Integración asimétrica y convergencia in Peru’s southern highlands. From 2005-2007, he was resi- económica en las Américas (Universidad Nacional de Co- dent assistant professor in the Department of Environment, lombia, Bogotá, 2002); Assessment and Measurement of Peace and Security, at the UN mandated University for Regional Integration (London: Routledge, 2006); Multilat- Peace, in Costa Rica. He was an adjunct professor at the eralism, Regionalism and Bilateralism in Trade and Invest- UPEACE in the MA program on Environmental Security ment. 2006 World Report on Regional Integration (Dor- and Peace. He also teaches a module on environmental se- drecht: Springer, 2007); Governing Regional Integration curity as part of the University of Geneva/UNEP’s short for Development. Monitoring Experiences, Methods and course on environmental diplomacy. In 2006-2007, he was Prospects (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008); Regionalisation and project director of UPEACE’s Climate Change and Adapta- Global Governance: The Taming of Globalisation? tion project. (London: Routledge, 2008); Del regionalismo latinoameri- cano a la integración interregional (Madrid: Siglo XXI, Address: Mr. Tom Deligiannis, 23 Harrison Ave., Guelph, 2008). He has published articles in: International Review of ON, N1H 5J9, Canada. Economics and Business; Hitotsubashi Journal of Econom- Email: . ; ; ics Journal of Policy Modeling Economia Internazionale; Stavros Dimas (Greece) has been European Commissioner The Journal of World Investment and Trade; Global Eco- for the Environment since November 2004. See: Biogra- nomic Review and in other journals. phies of authors of forewords and preface essays. Address: Dr. Philippe De Lombaerde, UNU-CRIS; Potteri- erei, 72, 8000 Brugge, Belgium. Fred Eboko (France) is a political scientist and sociologist. E-mail: . He obtained a Ph.D. from Université Montesquieu in Bor- 2002 Website: . deaux (France) in . He is senior research fellow at the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, forme- Tobias Debiel (Germany) is chair in international relations ly ORSTOM, France), and has been working on public pol- and development policy, Institute of Political Science and icy and youth in the fight against AIDS in Africa for more director, Institute for Development and Peace (INEF), Uni- than a decade. He was on a IRD posting (2005-2008) to versity of Duisburg-Essen. Before he moved to INEF, he the Paul Ango Ela Foundation for geopolitics in Central Af- worked from February 2003 to July 2004 as senior research- rica (FPAE) in Yaoundé, Cameroon. He is associate re- er and head of a research group at the Center for Develop- searcher at the Centre d’Etude d’Afrique Noire (CEAN) of ment Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, including two the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Bordeaux. He has pu- terms as interim professor of political and cultural change. blished over 30 articles on questions related to AIDS in His areas of research include: state failure and violent con- Africa, among them: “Pouvoirs et maladie en Afrique: des flict as challenges for development, foreign and security maladies qui tuent aux maladies qui ‘sauvent’?”, in : Enjeux. policy; good governance and post-conflict peacebuilding in Bulletin d’Analyses Géopolitiques pour l’Afrique Centrale sub-Saharan Africa; human security and global governance. (Yaoundé) No. 31 (April-June 2007): 7-8; “Patterns of Mobi- Selected Publications: (co-ed. with Axel Klein): Fragile lization. Political Culture in the Fight Against AIDS. A Peace. State Failure, Violence and Development in Crisis Comparative Approach”, in: Amy Patterson (Ed.): The Afri- Regions (London: ZED Books, 2002); “Strengthening the can States and the AIDS Crisis (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005): UN: Futile Attempt or Feasible Alternative?”, in: C. Uday 37-58; “Law against morality? Access to anti-AIDS drugs in Bhaskar/K. Santhanam/Uttam K. Sinha/Tasneem Meenai Africa”, in: International Social Science Journal, No. 186 (Eds.): United Nations, Multilateralism and International (Paris: Unesco, 2005): 713-722 ; “Politique publique et sida Security (New Delhi: Shipra Publications 2005): 574-594; en Afrique. De l’anthropologie à la science politique”, in: (co-ed. with Sascha Werthes): Human Security on Foreign Cahiers d’études africaines, XLV, 178 (2004): 351-387; “De Policy Agendas. Changes, Concepts and Cases. INEF-Re- l’intime au politique. Le sida en Afrique, un objet en mou- port 80 (Duisburg: INEF, 2006); (co-ed. with Dirk Messner vement”, in: Vidal, L. (Ed.): “Les objets de la santé”, in: and Franz Nuscheler): Global Trends 2007. Vulnerability Autrepart, 29 (2004): 117-33. and Human Security in the 21st Century (Bonn: Develop- ment and Peace Foundation 2006). 1518 Authors

Address: Dr. Fred Eboko, UMR 912, IRD-INSERM-Univer- Address: Ms. Fulya Ereker, Ankara University, Faculty of sité de la Méditerranée, SE4S, Observatoire Régional de la Political Science, Cebeci, 06590, Ankara, Turkey. Santé, 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France. E-mail: . E-mail: and Website: . . Hari Eswaran (USA) has worked on sustainable agriculture Mersie Ejigu (Ethiopia), currently president and chief exec- and global climate change since 2000. He organized a utive officer of the Partnership for African Environmental workshops on ‘Sustainable Land Management’ and on Sustainability (PAES) and senior fellow at the Foundation ‘Stressed Agro-ecosystems’. Based on twenty years of expe- for Environmental Security & Sustainability (FESS). He is rience on global soil resources, he completed a 1:30M map also visiting professor at the University for Peace, Depart- of: ‘Soil Regions of the World’, published as a Soil Manage- ment of Environmental Security and Peace, a former Assist- ment Collaborative Research Support Program (SM-CRSP) ant Director General for Programmes and Policy of IUCN document. As a former chairman of a Commission of the – The World Conservation Union, He has served as Minis- International Society of Soil Science, he coordinated inter- ter of Planning and Development of Ethiopia (1982-1991) national scientific efforts on soil genesis, classification, and and Minister of Agriculture and Natural Resources (1991). resource assessment and monitoring. He chairs an Interna- He has been a consultant for UNDP, UNDESA, IMF, The tional Task Force on Land Degradation of the International World Bank and UNICEF in areas of strategic planning, fi- Society of Soil Science. He is co-author of: “Issues and chal- nance and development policy, environmental policy, and lenges of dryland agriculture in Southern Asia”, in: Juo, programme formulation and evaluation. He pursued his un- A.S.R.; Freed, R.D. (Eds.): Agriculture and the Environ- dergraduate studies in agricultural economics at the Ale- ment: Bridging Food Production and Environmental Pro- maya College of Agriculture, and graduate studies in eco- tection in Developing Countries. ASA Special Publication nomics at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, No. 60 (Madison WI.: American Society of Agronomy, Canada. He initiated, designed and guided the project to 1995): 161-180; “Global soil carbon resources”, in: Lal, R.; study the link between environmental security and armed Kimble, J.; Levine, E.; Stewart, B.A. (Eds.): Soils and Global conflict in Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Uganda funded Change. Advances in Soil Science (Boca Raton: Lewis, by the European Union. Among his most recent most rele- 1995): 27-44. vant publications are: “Land, Forest, Insecurity and Con- Address: Dr. Hari Eswaran, USDA-Natural Resources Con- flict”, in: The International Forestry Review, Special Issue servation Service, Room 4250, South Building, 14th & Inde- 8 1 200 72 77 on Africa, , ( 6): - ; “Grasping the Nettle”, in: Our pendence Ave, SW. Washington, DC 20250, USA. Planet, The magazine of the United Nations Environment Email: . 1 3 2005 20 21 Programme (UNEP), 6, (November ): - , special Website: . issue on: “Energy, Finance and Climate Change”; “L’Afrique a besoin d’énergies renouvelables”, Point de vue, in: Le André P.C. Faaij (The Netherlands), associate professor at Monde, 22 June 2005; “Poverty, Deforestation, Environ- the Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development of mental Insecurity, and Conflict in the Horn of Africa and Utrecht University; study of chemistry and environmental Great Lakes Countries”, in: Forests and Conflicts, Europe- sciences, Ph.D. on energy production from biomass and an Tropical Forest Research Network, No. 43-44 (Winter wastes, visiting researcher at the Center for Energy and En- 2004-2005); Post Conflict Liberia: Environmental Security vironmental Studies, Princeton University and at King's Col- as a Strategy for Sustainable Peace and Development, FESS lege, London University. Main research experience: energy Working Paper, 2006. system scenario analysis and modelling, bio-energy and oth- er renewables, land-use issues, international bio-energy 9015 Address: Mr. Mersie Ejigu, Edgepark Rd, Vienna, VA trade, sustainability assessments of energy systems, alterna- 22182 , USA. tive transport fuels, decarbonization of fossil fuels, capture Email: . and storage of CO2 (CCS), waste treatment, material and Website: . energy efficiency, technological learning, greenhouse gas Fulya Ereker (Turkey), research assistant and PhD candi- balances and energy and research policies. He coordinates date at the Department of International Relations at Anka- a research cluster on energy supply and system studies and ra University. She holds a BA in international relations from is experienced in research and management in a multidisci- the Black Sea Technical University and a MA in internation- plinary and international setting. He is a member of expert al relations with a dissertation on “An Analysis of Turkish groups in bio-energy and energy policy, research and strate- Foreign Policy Making and Decision-Makers”. She is work- gic planning. He advices governments, the EC, IEA, the ing on a PhD dissertation on “Foreign Policy and Identity: UN, GEF, OECD, WEF, the energy sector and industry, 40 The Case of Turkish Foreign Policy”. Among others, she NGOs, etc. He leads Task of the IEA on Sustainable In- published: “Just War Concept: From Antiquity Up to ternational Bio-energy Trade and acted as national repre- Present” (2004, Uluslararasý Iliskiler); “The Effect of the sentative in several other tasks. He advices the UN Biofuels Political System on Turkish Foreign Policy” (2004, Istanbul Initiative and FAO's bioenergy activities, supported by the Ticaret Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi), both in Turk- G8 Global Bio-energy Partnership. He recently joined the ish. IPCC team to draft the Special Report on Renewable Ener- gy, the new Global Energy Assessment (GEA) and he be- Biographies of Contributors 1519 came member of the World Economic Forum’s (WEF) Glo- Extension and Participatory Rural Development in North- bal Agenda Council on Alternative Energies. He was lead ern Thailand. Research in Development Economics and author for the World Energy Assessment of the UN, the Policy Discussion Paper No 4/2004 (Stuttgart: Grauer Ver- Worldwatch Institute's book on Biofuels for the 21st Centu- lag); Dufhues, T.; Lemke, U.; Fischer, I.: New ways for ru- ry, the IPCC 4th assessment report and of the IEA's World ral finance – Livestock insurance schemes in Vietnam. Re- Energy Outlook. He is board member and guest editor of search in Development Economics and Policy Discussion the journal Biomass & Bioenergy and is reviewer for jour- Paper No 5/2004 (Stuttgart: Grauer Verlag); Beuchelt, T.; nals, scientific and government bodies. He published over Fischer, I.: “What do Vietnamese Farmers do when a Crisis 450 titles in scientific journals, reports, books and proceed- Occurs? Covering Lack of Resources through Social Net- ings, (co-) organized a range of international workshops works”, in: Buchenrieder, G.; Dufhues, T. (Eds.): Making and conferences and is frequently lecturing across the rural households’ livelihoods more resilient. The impor- globe. tance of social capital and the underlying social networks. Address: Prof Dr. André P.C. Faaij, Copernicus Institute, Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and 34 Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, Eastern Europe, vol. (Halle: Institute of Agricultural De- 200 45 57 The Netherlands. velopment in Central and Eastern Europe, 6): - ; Email: . Dufhues, T.; Buchenrieder, G.; Fischer, I.: Social capital Website: . and rural development: Literature review and current state of the art. Discussion Paper 96/2006 (Halle: Institute of David Faiman (Israel) is professor of physics and chairman Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe of the Department of Solar Energy and Environmental (IAMO)); (co-author with G. Buchenrieder): Laptop, Live- Physics at Ben-Gurion University’s Jacob Blaustein Institutes stock Drawings and Ricewine: A Demand Analysis for for Desert Research, in Sede Boqer where he is also direc- Livestock Insurance in Northern Vietnam. Research in De- tor of Israel’s National Solar Energy Center. A physicist by velopment Economics and Policy Discussion Paper No 3/ training, he obtained his first degree from the University of 2008 (Stuttgart: Grauer Verlag). London, and his second and third degrees from the Univer- Address: Ms. Isabel Fischer, University of Hohenheim, sity of Illinois. Between 1969 and 1976 he performed re- Dept. 490A, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany. search in theoretical physics at Oxford University, CERN Email: . and the Weizmann Institute. In 1976 he joined the Ben-Gu- Website: . rion University where he participated in the establishment of the Blaustein Institutes, refocusing his research activities Dilrukshi Fonseka (Sri Lanka) holds an MSc in internation- into the field of applied solar energy. He is widely pub- al relations from the London School of Economics and Po- lished and has chaired or been a member of numerous in- litical Science (LSE), United Kingdom and earned her BA ternational committees. At present he is Israel’s representa- from Mount Holyoke College, USA. Between 2005 and tive to the Task 8 Photovoltaic Specialist Committee of the 2006, she worked with the Tsunami Recovery Unit of the International Energy Agency (IEA), and has co-authored United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Sri their latest book: Energy from the Desert: Practical Propos- Lanka, where she oversaw UNDP’s human rights and hu- als for Very Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems (London: man rights-based approaches and initiatives. Before she James & James, 2007). worked for the Berghof Foundation for Conflict Studies Address: Prof. Dr. David Faiman, Department of Solar and also for the International Center for Ethnic Studies in Energy & Environmental Physics, Blaustein Institutes for Sri Lanka. She serves on the faculties of several academic Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede and professional courses on the topics of peace-building, Boqer Campus, 84990 Israel. human rights and gender. Currently she is Team Leader – Email: . Peace and Recovery at UNDP Sri Lanka. Website: . Address: Ms. Dilrukshi Fonseka, 362/2 High Level Road, Delkanda, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. Isabel Fischer (Germany): Dipl.-Ing. sc.agr., since 2003, Email: and doctorial student at the Institute of Agricultural Economics . and Social Sciences in the Tropics and Subtropics, Depart- ment of Agricultural Development Theory and Policy and Jochen Froebrich (Germany), Dr.-Ing., team leader for Inte- research associate in subproject F2.2 “Risk Management of grated Water Resources Management (IWRM) at Wagenin- Farm Households in Northern Vietnam“ of the so-called gen University, The Netherlands, was a senior scientist at The Uplands Program (SFB 564): “Research for Sustainable the Institute of Water Quality and Waste Management, Uni- Land Use and Rural Development in Mountainous Regions versity of Hannover. He specialized in water stress manage- of Southeast Asia“ at the University of Hohenheim, Germa- ment in arid and semi arid regions. He has worked on a va- ny. Her current research focuses on vulnerability of rural riety of multidisciplinary projects in North Africa, Southern households, risk management and microinsurance. From Europe and Central Asia. His current research interests fo- 1995 until 2002, she studied agricultural science at the Uni- cus on the inclusion of water quality aspects in water man- versity of Hohenheim, specializing in economics and social agement under water scarcity. He is leading a number of in- sciences in the tropics and subtropics. Her publications in- ternational research teams in this field. Relevant examples clude: Media Supported Communication in Agricultural are the EC-project tempQsim (EVK1-CT2002-00112) for im- 1520 Authors

proving water quality models and their applicability in dry- gagement at UNU-EHS, he worked as a junior professional land basins or the INCO-project Jayhun (INCO 516761) for for the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) in the field developing risk management strategies in the Amu Darya of food security, HIV/AIDS in Africa and on capacity de- basin in the view of future changes in water availability. An- velopment for chemical management. other important activity is research on best option Address: Mr. Niklas Gebert, UN Campus, Hermann-Ehlers combinations to mitigate water stress (within the integrated Str. 10, 53111 Bonn, Germany. project (IP) AquaStress). Major publications include: Froe- Website: . brich, J.; Olsson, O.; Bauer, M.; Normatov, I.; Petrov, G.: Email: . “Improved dam operation in the Amu Darya river basin in- cluding transboundary aspects”, in: Berga, L.; Buil, J.M.; Luc Gnacadja (Benin) is the executive secretary of the Bofill, E.; De Cea, J.C.; Garcia Perez, J.A.; Mañueco, G.; United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Polimon, J.; Soriano, A.; Yagüe, J. (Eds.): International (UNCCD). See: Biographies of authors of forewords and symposium on dams in the societies of the 21st century, preface essays. ICOLD congress, Barcelona, 18 June 2006 (London: Taylor John Grin (Netherlands) is professor at the Department of & Francis, 2006): 97-103; Froebrich, J.; Bauer, M.; Ikramo- Political Science of the University of Amsterdam and scien- va, M.; Olsson, O.: Water quantity and quality dynamics of tific director of the Amsterdam School for Social science the THC – Tuyamuyun Hydroengineering Complex and Research (ASSR). See: Biographies of editors. implications for reservoir operation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR), in: ESPR, 14,6 (2005): 435- Tobias Hagmann (Switzerland), PhD in public administra- 442; Froebrich, J.: “New Challenges in Lake and River tion (Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration ID- Monitoring”, in: Freshwater Forum, 23 (2005), Freshwater HEAP). He has been a lecturer in political geography at the Biological Association, Ambleside, UK; Froebrich, J.: “En- Department of Geography, University of Zürich since 2007. hanced reservoir operation – concept for improving water His main research focuses on conflict studies, the political quality and water management in water stressed areas”, in: sociology of the state, and on politics in the Horn of Afri- International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 14,4 ca. Between 1998 and 2006 he was a researcher at (2005): 147-160. swisspeace, Bern, a research officer for ACORD Somalia, 2001 Address: Dr.-Ing. Jochen Froebrich, Division of Integrated Nairobi in and a visiting researcher at the Institute of 2003 2005 Water Resources Management, Center for Water and Cli- Ethiopian Studies at Addis Ababa University ( - ). mate, Wageningen University, Alterra, P.O. Box 47, 6700 He has published articles on environmental conflicts and AA Wageningen; Building no. 104, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, politics in Ethiopia and Somalia in: African Affairs, Journal 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. of Modern African Studies, Peace, Conflict and Develop- Email: . ment, and Politique Africaine. Website: . Address: Dr. Tobias Hagmann, Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 (Chile) is a PhD student in the Jo- Claudia F. Fuentes Julio Zürich, Switzerland. sef Korbel School of International Studies at Denver Uni- E-Mail: . versity and holds an MA in international relations from the Website: . University of Kent, England. She worked for five years as a researcher at the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Bassam Ossama Hayek (Jordan), director of the Environ- (FLACSO-Chile) on international politics and security is- mental Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society (RSS). He sues in Latin America. She has been professor of interna- is a chemical engineer and obtained a Ph.D. in chemical en- tional relations at Chilean universities and other academic gineering from the University of Swansea (UK) in 1994. He centers. Her publications include: Rojas, Francisco; started his career in 1994 as a researcher in the environ- Fuentes, Claudia (Eds.): Promover la seguridad humana, ment field at the RSS. He has experience in the treatment marcos éticos, normativos y educacionales para América of domestic and industrial wastewater; environment assess- Latina y El Caribe (Paris: UNESCO, 2005). ment; hazardous waste management and control. He has Address: Ms. Claudia F. Fuentes Julio, 1974 S. University executed and supervised research projects and studies on Blvd. Apt., Denver, Colorado 80210, USA. the treatment of wastewater, industrial audits (pollution E-mail: . prevention and waste minimization and cleaner produc- Website: . tion), environmental assessment, and hazardous materials management. He participated as a member in national Niklas Gebert (Germany) is research associate at the Unit- committees such as the Domestic Wastewater Management ed Nations University - Institute for Human Security and Committee and the Reclaimed Water Reuse Coordination Environment (UNU-EHS) and is currently conducting re- Committee (Ministry of Water and Irrigation), the National search on socio-economic vulnerability assessment in Indo- Hazardous Material Management Committee and the nesia within the German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warn- AGENDA 21 task force (Ministry of Environment). He has ing System (GITEWS) project. He holds a M.Sc. in human written and supervised or co-authored some 20 publica- geography from the University of Bonn (Germany). He spe- tions of scientific papers and technical reports, including: cialized in geographical development research with empha- Environment Sector in Jordan; Key Issues for Environmen- sis on vulnerability assessment in Malawi. Prior to his en- tal Risk Assessment, International Risk Management Meet- Biographies of Contributors 1521 ing, Italy 2001; Environmental and Economic Improve- an Amazon”, in: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Re- ment through Implementation of Cleaner Production in mote Sensing, 38 (2000): 685-696. Hospitality Sector in Jordan: Case Studies in Four Hotels, Address: Prof. Dr. Dirk Hoekman, Wageningen University, 2008 . He supervised the following studies: Environmental Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 2004 Impact Assessment for Gas Transmission Project, ; 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Environmental Impact Assessment for Silica Sand Project, Email: . 2002 ; Environmental Impact Assessment for Kemira Arab Website: and Potash Co., 2000; Water Pollution Crises Management; A Case Study on Cryptosporidium Outbreak in Munshiyat Thomas Homer-Dixon (Canada) holds the CIGI Chair of Bani Hassan - Jordan, report submitted to the Ministry of Global Systems at the Balsillie School of International Af- Health, Jordan, November 2007. fairs in Waterloo, Canada, and is a professor in the Centre for Environment and Business at the University of Water- Address: Dr. Bassam Hayek, Director, Environment loo. He was born in Victoria, British Columbia and re- Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society, P.O. Box 1438, Al ceived his B.A. in political science from Carleton University Jubeiha 11941, Amman, Jordan. in 1980 and his Ph.D. from MIT in international relations Email: and . and defence and arms control policy in 1989. He then Website: . moved to the University of Toronto to lead several research Dirk H. Hoekman (The Netherlands), Ph.D., associate projects studying the links between environmental stress professor in remote sensing at Wageningen University, with and violence in developing countries. Recently, his research main interests in the physical aspects of remote sensing, has focused on threats to global security in the 21st century microwave remote sensing and applications of remote sens- and on how societies adapt to complex economic, ecologi- ing in forestry, agriculture, (agro-)hydrology, climate studies cal, and technological change. His books include: The Up- and environmental change. Co-founder of SarVision, an or- side of Down: Catastrophe, Creativity, and the Renewal of ganization devoted to the development of operational mon- Civilization (New York: Knopf – Washington, DC: Island itoring systems. Co-ordinator for training and research pro- Press, 2006), The Ingenuity Gap (New York: Knopf, 2000), grammes, including the NASA PACRIM-2 and ESA INDREX-1 which won the 2001 Governor General’s Non-fiction and -2 campaigns, to support the realization of operational Award, and Environment, Scarcity, and Violence (Prince- monitoring systems for sustainable forest management and ton; Princeton University Press, 1999), which won the Cald- nature conservation. Lead scientist for the JAXA Kyoto & well Prize of the American Political Science Association. Carbon Initiative for exploitation of the ALOS PALSAR sat- Address: Prof. Dr. Thomas Homer-Dixon, The Centre for ellite in the region Insular SE Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia, International Governance Innovation, 57 Erb St. West, Philippines and Papua New Guinea). His major publica- Waterloo, ON, N2L 6C2, Canada. tions include: “Satellite radar observation of tropical peat Email: swamp forest as a tool for hydrological modelling and envi- Website:. ronmental protection”, in: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. Special edition on: Satellite- Gunhild Hoogensen (Norway) is associate professor in the based radar – developing tools for wetlands management, Department of Political Science at the University of Trom- 17 (2007): 265-275; (co-author with Tran, N.Thanh; Weh- sø. Her main research interest is security studies, broadly rens, Ron; Buydens, Lutgarde M.C.: “Initialization of Mark- speaking, and more specifically the relevance and applica- ov Random Field Clustering of Large Remote Sensing Im- tion of the human security concept to the Arctic context ages”, in: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote and to military education (particularly in the field of civil- Sensing, 43,8 (2005): 1912-1919; (co-author with Quiñones, military cooperation or relations). She leads the Human Se- Marcela J.): “Exploration of factors limiting biomass estima- curity Programme at the University of Tromsø, which in- tion by polarimetric radar in tropical forests”, in: IEEE cludes such projects as the International Polar Year project Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 42,1 GAPS (security and oil and gas activity in the Arctic) as well (2004): 86-104; (co-author with Vissers, Martin A.M.): “A as MENSA (military education and the new security agen- new polarimetric classification approach evaluated for agri- da). She is also academic coordinator for the Model UN cultural crops”, in: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and programme and co-academic coordinator (political science) Remote Sensing, 41,12 (2003): 2881-2889; (co-author with for various masters programmes offered to the Norwegian Quiñones, Marcela J.,): “Biophysical Forest Type Character- military. Her publications include the following books: En- isation in the Colombian Amazon by Airborne Polarimetric vironmental Change and Human Security in the Arctic SAR”, in: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote (London: Earthscan, 2008); International Relations, Secu- Sensing, 40,6 (2002): 1288-1300; (co-author with Varekamp, rity, and Jeremy Bentham (London: Routledge, 2005) and Chris): “Observation of tropical rain forest trees by air- Women in Power: World Leaders Since 1960 (New York: borne high resolution interferometric radar”, in: IEEE Praeger, 2006), and articles in: Security Dialogue, Canadi- Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 39,3 an Foreign Policy, and International Studies Review. (2001): 584-594; (co-author with Quiñones, Marcela J.): Address: Prof. Dr. Gunhild Hoogensen, Department of “Land cover type and biomass classification using AirSAR Political Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, data for evaluation of monitoring scenarios in the Colombi- Norway. 1522 Authors

Email: . ergy, scientific and technology policy and information, Website: and computer and communication policy. He holds an ad- . vanced degree in economics from Cologne University and studied at the Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA) in (Israel), professor emeritus at the J. Blaustein Arie S. Issar Paris. He is married and has one son. Institutes for Desert Research, and the Geological Depart- ment of Ben Gurion University of the Negev. He founded Address: Mr. Klaus-Dietmar Jacoby, European Commission, 301 1150 and headed the Water Resources Center of the Institute for DG Energy, Avenue de Tervuren, Brussels, Bel- Desert Research since 1975 until his retirement in 1998. He gium. received his Ph. D. at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Email: . in 1961. From 1980-1998 he was the holder of the Alain Po- Website: . her Chair in Hydrogeology of Arid Zones. He received the Anders Jägerskog (Sweden): Ph.D. is project director at the following prizes: Ernest D. Bergmann Prize for Special Sci- Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) where his entific Contributions to the Development of the Negev work focuses on international water issues and in particular 1985 Desert ( ); Prize of the President of the International As- transboundary waters. Previously he has worked at the sec- sociation of Hydrogeologists for Outstanding International retariat for the Expert Group on Development Issues (EG- Contributions toward the Advancement of Hydrogeology DI) at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, at the 2003 ( ); Honorary Member of the Israeli Association for Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency 2005 Water Resources ( ). His current research focuses on (Sida) with water resources in southern Africa and at the the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle and Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) socio-economic systems; and developing conceptual models with Middle Eastern security issues. In 2003 he finished his in order to mitigate the negative impact of global change PhD on the water negotiations in the Jordan River Basin at on the water resources of the Middle East, including long the Department of Water and Environmental Studies, term policies of sustainable development of the fossil aqui- Linköping University, Sweden. He was a member of the Sci- fers of the region. He has published about hundred papers entific Programme Committee at the Stockholm Interna- and co-edited five books and wrote five books in the fields tional Water Institute (SIWI) from 2002-2006 and is cur- of geology and hydrogeology. On the impact of climate rently a member of the Scientific Committee of the changes on the hydrological cycle and on the environment International Lakes Commission (ILEC). He has published he published these books: Water Shall flow from the Rock. over 60 scientific articles, book chapters, debate articles Hydrogeology and Climate in the Lands of the Bible (Hei- and reports. His publications include: Managing Trans- 1990 delberg – New York: Springer-Verlag, ); Climate boudary Waters and: Water Scarcity Challenges in the Mid- Changes during the Holocene and their Impact on Hydro- dle East and North Africa (MENA). Background Papers logical Systems (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, prepared for the Human Development Report 2006 2003 ); (Co-ed. with Angelakis, Andreas N.): Diachronic Cli- (2006); “Water Sharing between Israel, Jordan and the Pal- matic Impacts on Water Resources (with Emphasis on the estinians”, text box: in: State of the World 2005, World- Mediterranean Region (NATO ASI Series. Springer-Verlag, watch Institute (2005); “Human Security – problems, op- 199 6); (Co-ed. with Brown, Neville): Water, Environment portunities and policy implications”, in: Conflict, Security and Society in Times of Climate Change (Dordrecht, The and Development (2004); Why states cooperate over 1998 Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ); (Co-ed. shared water? The water negotiations in the Jordan River with Zohar, Mattanyah): Climate Change – Environment Basin, Linköping University, PhD Dissertation, Linköping and Civilization in the Middle East (Berlin – Heidelberg – Studies in Arts and Science, Sweden (2003); at: ; “Risk Address: Prof. Dr. Arie S. Issar, ZIWR, BGU, Sede Boker and uncertainty from a political perspective: cases from wa- Campus, 84990, Israel; Home: Hameshoreret Rachel St.13, ter negotiations”, in: Towards Catchment Hydrosolidarity Jerusalem, 96348, Israel. in a world of Uncertainties, SIWI Proceedings 2003, Re- Email: [email protected]. port 18, SIWI Seminar (Stockholm: Stockholm International Website: . course – a crucial factor in determining water policy”, in: Water, Science and Technology, 47,6 (2003); “Hydrosolidar- (Germany) is a Ministerialrat in the Klaus-Dietmar Jacoby ity as seen from a political perspective – overcoming sanc- German government. He was head of the Emergency Plan- tioned discourse obstacles”, in: Balancing human security ning and Preparations Division in the Office of Oil Markets and ecological security interests in a catchment: Towards and Emergency Preparedness of the International Energy upstream/downstream hydrosolidarity, SIWI Proceedings (IEA) from 2001 to 2006. Since then he is working Agency 2002 SIWI Seminar (Stockholm: Stockholm International as a Seconded National Expert in the EU Commission to Water Institute, 2002); “Contributions of Regime Theory in revise the existing oil emergency stockholding legislation. Understanding Interstate Water Cooperation: Lessons He has spent most of his working life in various sectors of Learned in the Jordan River Basin”, in: Turton, A.R.; Hen- the German government, principally in the Ministry of wood, R. (Eds.): Hydropolitics in the Developing World: A Economy and Technology and in the Ministry of Foreign Southern African Perspective (Pretoria: African Water Is- Affairs. In his previous activities he was responsible for en- sues Research Unit (AWIRU), 2002). Biographies of Contributors 1523

Address: Dr. Anders Jägerskog, Stockholm International ment and Soil Development with special reference to Soil Water Institute, Drottninggatan 33, SE-111 51 Stockholm, Micromorphology and indigenous land use published in in- Sweden. ternational journals. His recent studies on the development Email: and of the ‘Anthroscape’ context within the IES frameworks are . in progress. He is the key editor of the proceedings of the Website: . 13th International Meeting on Soil Micromorphology (to be published by Springer), co-editor of the International Board Patricia Kameri-Mbote (Kenya), is professor of law, Univer- of the Encyclopedia of Soil Science (New York: Marcel sity of Nairobi. See biographies of editors. Dekker), of the EU-MEDCOASTLAND Project proceed- Burcak Kapur (Turkey), research and teaching assistant at ings, the 3rd and 7th volume of the International Meetings the Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, on Soils with a Mediterranean type of climate (Options Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Tur- Mediterraneennes, Catena, Elsevier) and principle editor of key. Mr. Kapur obtained a MSc degree from the Interna- the proceedings of the 1st International Meeting on Land tional Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Degradation. Studies with a thesis on: “Climate Change, Climatic Water Address: Prof. Dr. Selim Kapur, University of Çukurova, Balance and Crop Water Requirements: Investigation on Departments of Soil Science and Archaeometry, 01330-Bal- the Next 100 Years for the Apuglia Region.” He is currently calý, Adana, Turkey. working as a project assistant on the “Impact of Climate Email: . Change on Agricultural Production System in Arid Areas” Website: . in cooperation with the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan for his Ph.D. study. He contribut- Mary Kay Kindhauser (USA, Switzerland) is a writer and ed papers to: Global Climate Change and Effects on Soil, policy analyst in the Office of the Director-General, World Crop Productivity and Water Resources. Proceedings of the Health Organization. She previously worked as a science International workshop for ICCAP; Land degradation and writer in the ‘communicable diseases’ cluster, contributing desertification in Turkey (Nato-CCMS and Science technical and public information on the SARS, avian influ- Committee Workshop). enza, and other outbreaks. She holds a BA degree from Louisiana State University and a MA from Yale University, Address: Mr. Burcak Kapur, University of Çukurova, and is a recipient of Danforth and Woodrow Wilson fellow- Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, ships. 01330-Balcalý, Adana, Turkey. EMail: . Address: Ms Mary Kay Kindhauser, DGO, World Health 20 1211 Website: . Organization, Avenue Appia, CH- Geneva, Switzer- land. Selim Kapur (Turkey), professor of soil science at the Fac- Email: . ulty of Agriculture and chairman of the Department of Ar- Website: . chaeometry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. He was a European Council Higher Education Scholar in Aberdeen, Kithure Kindiki (Kenya) is currently associate dean and Scotland (1973-1976), a research fellow at Wageningen Agri- senior lecturer of international law, School of Law, Univer- cultural University, The Netherlands (1978); and General sity of Nairobi. He is an advocate of the High Court of Secretary of the Working Group on Land Degradation and Kenya. He holds a Ph.D degree in international law from Desertification of the International Union of Soil Sciences. the University of Pretoria, and has ten years of University He is a scientific committee member of the European Soil teaching at both undergraduate and post-graduate levels. Bureau Network of the EU-Joint Research Centre, Institute He has published many articles in peer-reviewed journals of Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy. He has led and has acted as a consultant for many governmental, inter- and participated in link projects with the British Council, governmental and non-governmental organizations. Among NATO and leading EU initiatives on land use and mitiga- his major publications are: (co-ed. with Ambani, Osogo): 2004 tion of land degradation caused by inappropriate use of The Anatomy of Bomas: Selected Analyses of the 2005 land. He is coordinating a TEMA (Turkish acronym for the Draft Constitution of Kenya (Nairobi: Claripress, ); leading/renowned NGO in the country and abroad dealing Humanitarian intervention and State Sovereignty in Afri- with the mitigation of land degradation and desertification) ca: The Changing Paradigms in International Law (El- 2003 1727 174 – Mitsui (Japan) bilateral project in the Karapýnar (Konya) doret: Moi University Press, ): - 6; “Broadening erosion control station of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Horizons: the Draft Constitution of Kenya and the Pro- Rural Affairs seeking to develop a sustainable land manage- tection of Socio-economic Rights”, in: (co-ed. with Ambani, ment programme for the semi-arid regions allocated on ter- Osogo): The Anatomy of Bomas: Selected Analyses of the 2004 restrial dunes and past lacustrine surfaces threatened by cli- Draft Constitution of Kenya (Nairobi: Claripress, 2005 mate change and inappropriate use of soil and water. He ); “International Trade and Human Rights: Conceptu- authored numerous articles, published by the EU-JRC Insti- al and Practical Linkages”, in: Pacific Rim Journal of Inter- 200 tute of Environment and Sustainability (IES), in special is- national Law ( 6); “The African Peace and Security sues and conference proceedings, of chapters in the pro- Council and the Charter of the United Nations”, in: The 1 1 2005 ceedings of the International Working Group of Land Law Society of Kenya Journal, , ( ); “Europe and the Degradation and of papers on sustainable Land Manage- Reconstruction of Somalia”, in: Forced Migration Review, 1524 Authors

23 (2005); “The Proposed Integration of the African Court d’Etudes Politiques de Paris and from Free University of of Justice and the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Berlin (Dipl.-Pol.) before participating in a training pro- Rights: Legal Difficulties and Merits”, in: African Journal gramme for young professionals at the German Develop- of International and Comparative Law, 15,1 (2007): 138- ment Institute (DIE), Bonn. He has specialized in questions 146: “A People Betrayed – The Darfur Crisis and Interna- of international relations and development with a particular tional Law: Rethinking Westphaliam Sovereignty in the 21st focus on conflict management, resource conflicts, trans- Century”, in: Bond Law Review, 19,2 (2007): 102-123; “In- boundary water cooperation and water sector policy. He is ternational Law on Trial: The Darfur Crisis and the Re- currently preparing a PhD thesis on external state-building sponsibility to Protect Civilians”, in: International Commu- interventions at the Free University Berlin. His publications nity Law Review, 9,4 (2007): 445-473; “Synchronizing include: “Wasserkonflikte und Wasserkooperation am Sene- Kenya’s Energy Law with the Framework Environmental galfluss”, in: Kipping, Martin; Lindemann, Stefan, 2005: Law”, in: Okidi, Charles; Kameri-Mbote, Patricia; Akech, Konflikte und Kooperation um Wasser – Wasserpolitik am Migai (Eds,) Environmental Law After the Framework Senegalfluss und internationales Flussmanagement im Süd- Law (Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers, 2008). lichen Afrika (Münster: Lit-Verlag); (co-author with Elke Address: Department of Public Law, School of Law, Univer- Herrfahrdt, Tanja Pickardt, Mathias Polak, Caroline Rohrer sity of Nairobi, Parklands Law Campus, Junction Forest/ and Carl Felix Wolff): Water Governance in the Kyrgyz Ag- Limuru/Parklands Roads, PO BOX 30197-00100 Nairobi, ricultural Sector – On its Way to Integrated Water Resourc- 200 Kenya. es Management? (Bonn: DIE, 6); “Conflits et coopéra- Email: and tion liés à l’eau du fleuve Sénégal”, in: Géocarrefour: La 80 4 . pénurie d’eau : donnée naturelle ou question sociale?, , (September 2005); “Challenges for German Development Yannis Kinnas (Greece) holds a doctorate in political science Cooperation in the Water Sector”, in: Neubert, Susanne; from Athens Panteion University, and a Ph.D. in Internation- Scheumann, Waltina; Kipping, Martin (Eds.), 2008: Water al Relations from London University. He was associate pro- Politics, Policies and Development Cooperation: Local fessor in Athens and has taught and lectured in the United Power Plays and Global Governance (Berlin - Heidelberg: States and Europe. In 1990 he was Radford Distinguished Springer-Verlag). Visiting Professor at Baylor University (USA). From 1976 to Address: Martin Kipping, Ravelsberger Str. 55, D-52146 1997 he worked with the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs Würselen, Germany. in charge of environmental and economic affairs. From 1987 Email: . to 1996 he served with the Permanent Mission of Greece to the United Nations and other international organizations in Wolfram Krewitt (Germany) is head of the Department Sys- Geneva. There he also coordinated the Greek presidency in tems Analysis and Technology Assessment, German Aero- the European Union in 1988 and 1994. In 1994 he became space Center (DLR), he holds a diploma of mechanical engi- Ambassador for Environment and Economic Affairs. Be- neering from the Technical University of Aachen, and a PhD tween 1964-1976 he worked with transnational banks as head in energy engineering from the University of Stuttgart. He is of their foreign departments. Since his retirement in 1997 he an energy engineer with professional experience in the ap- has worked as a consultant with international NGOs on en- plication of renewable energy technologies in Latin Ameri- vironmental policy and its application in the Millennium En- ca, and more than 15 years experience in the field energy vironment Assessment (MEA). He has written on environ- system analysis. He worked with the University of Stuttgart, mental issues and European integration, including nine Institute of Energy Economics and the Rational Use of En- books. His articles have appeared in learned journals and ergy, were he was heading the Department of Material edited books in Belgium, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Swit- Flows and Sustainable Development. He joined DLR 2001 zerland, United Kingdom, United States. His latest co-edit- as a project manager, and since 2006 is leading the Depart- ed book is in Greek on nuclear energy and proliferation ment of Systems Analysis and Technology Assessment. He (Athens 1996). He was member of the Advisory Board of co-ordinated various national and international research the: Journal for Environment and Development, San Diego projects, and has experience as a consultant in Eastern Eu- (USA) and he is a memeber of the AFES-PRESS Scientific ropean countries and in South America. He worked as a Advisory Board in Germany. consultant for the IAEA/IEA on the development of a sys- Address: Dr. Yannis Kinnas, 2 Akronos Street, Athens 116-33, tem of sustainability indicators in the energy sector. Among Greece. his major publications and project reports are: (co-author 2 Email: . with: Simon/Graus/Teske/Zervos/Schäfer): “The °C sce- Website: . Policy, ( ): 6 - ; (co-author with Teske/Schä- fer/Simon/Graus): “Energy [R]evolution – A Sustainable Martin Kipping (Germany), political scientist; is 1st secre- World Energy Outlook. Greenpeace International”, GPI tary for development cooperation, economic affairs and hu- REF JN 035 (Amsterdam, 2007); at: ; (co-author with: Nitsch/Fischedick/Pehnt/ stan; former water sector desk officer at the German Temming): “Market perspectives of stationary fuel cells in a Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Develop- sustainable energy supply system – long term scenarios for ment (BMZ), Bonn. He graduated from the Institut Germany”, in: Energy Policy, 34 (2006): 793-803; (co-author Biographies of Contributors 1525 with: Nitsch/Reinhardt): “Renewable energies – between 738; (co-author with: Gingerich T.): The Use of Rape as a climate protection and nature conservation?”, in: Interna- Weapon of War in the Conflict in Darfur, Sudan, United tional Journal for Global Energy Issues, 23,1 (2005): 29-42; States Agency for International Development (October (co-author with: J. Nitsch): “The German Renewable Ener- 2004); at: ; (co-author ready today”, in: Renewable Energy, 28 (2003): 533-542; with: Arie S.; Stites, E.): “Human Security in Crisis and “External Costs of Energy – do the answers match the ques- Transition”, in: Praxis: The Fletcher Journal of Internation- tions? Looking back at ten years of ExternE”, in: Energy al Development, 19 (2004). 5-30; (co-author with: Stabinski, Policy, 30 (2002): 839-848. L.; Pelley, K.; Jacob, S.; Long, J.): “Reframing HIV and 327 2003 1101 1103 Address: Dr. Wolfram Krewitt, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- AIDS”, in: BMJ, ( ): - ; “Public Health, War 4 1 und Raumfahrt, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, and Terrorism”, in: Harvard Health Policy Review, , 2003 51 55 Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. (Spring ): - ; (co-ed. with: Briggs, S.M.; Chen L.C.): Email: Humanitarian Crises: The Medical and Public Health Re- 1999 Website: . sponse (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ). Address: Prof. Dr. Jennifer Leaning, Harvard Humanitarian (Switzerland) is the managing direc- Heinz Krummenacher Initiative, 14 Story Street, 2nd Floor, Cambridge, MA 02138, tor of swisspeace – the Swiss Peace Foundation and head of USA. its early warning unit. See biographies of editors. Email: . Jennifer Leaning (USA) is professor of the practice of inter- Website: and . associate professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical Rik Leemans (The Netherlands), Dr. (University of Uppsa- School, and cordirector of the Harvard Humanitarian Initi- la), professor of environmental systems analysis, Environ- ative. Her research and policy interests include issues of mental Sciences Department, Wageningen University and public health, medical ethics, and early warning in response director of the WIMEK graduate school. He also chairs the to war and disaster, human rights and international human- international Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP), the itarian law in crisis settings, and problems of human securi- Response Option Working Group of the Millennium Eco- ty in the context of forced migration and conflict. She has system Assessment (MEA) and the Dutch National Global field experience in problems of public health assessment Change Committee. He works on various aspects of global and human rights in a range of crisis situations (including environmental change. He currently directs several multidis- Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Kosovo, the Middle East, ciplinary projects on land-use change, biogeochemical cy- former Soviet Union, Somalia, the Chad-Darfur border, and cles, global biodiversity. All these projects accentuate resil- the African Great Lakes area) and has written widely on ience vulnerability and sustainability. His early studies at these issues. She also has extensive experience in clinical 1992 Uppsala University (Sweden) emphasized the successional medicine and medical management, most recently ( - dynamics and structure of boreal forests. His subsequent 1997) as the medical director of one of the largest group research position at the Biosphere Project of the Interna- practices in Massachusetts, and currently chairs the Har- tional Institute of Applied System Analyses (IIASA, Austria) vard University Student Health Coordinating Board. She focussed on boreal forest models. Over the last decade he currently serves on a number of non-profit boards, includ- was a senior scientist of the National Institute of Public ing the Board of Directors of the American Red Cross, Health and the Environment (RIVM) in Bilthoven. Here, Massachusetts Bay Chapter; Physicians for Human Rights; he directed the development of integrated modelling ap- and The Humane Society of the United States. She received proaches for the biosphere within the IMAGE 2 model. her A.B. degree from Radcliffe College, magna cum laude, Since then his research has excelled into modelling global a master’s degree in demography and public health from environmental change. He has published many papers in the Harvard School of Public Health, and her M.D. with books, reports and academic journals like Science, Climatic honors from the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Change, Ecological Modelling, Global Environmental Medicine. She trained in internal medicine and emergency Change and Ecology and Society. He was involved as a medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and is board lead-author in all assessments of the Intergovernmental certified in both specialties. She is a member of the Ameri- Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that was rewarded the can College of Emergency Physicians. Among her recent Nobel Peace price in 2007. He is on the editorial board of publications on these issues are: (co-author with: VanRooy- Ecosystems, Climatic Change, Global Environmental en, M.: “After the Tsunami - Facing the Public Health Chal- Change, Carbon Balance and Management and a member lenges”, in: , 352 (2005): New England Journal of Medicine of Faculty of 1000 Biology. He works as a referee for the 435-438; (co-author with: Walker, P.: Wisner, B.; Minear, L.): Dutch Science Foundations (NWO and WOTRO), the Eu- “Smoke and mirrors: deficiencies in disaster funding”, in: 330 2005 247 250 ropean Research Council (ERC) and is evaluator of aca- BMJ, ( ): - ; (co-author with: Lautze, S.; demic institutions and research projects. He has been a Raven-Roberts, A.; Kent, R.; Mazurana, D.: Assistance, pro- member of several scientific associations, such as the Inter- , tection, and governance networks in complex emergencies national Association of Vegetation Science, The Integrated in: , 364 (2004): 2134-2141; “Diagnosing Genocide – Lancet Assessment Society and the American Ecological Society. The Case of Darfur”, in: NEJM, 351 (19 August 2004): 735- 1526 Authors

Address: Prof. Dr. Rik Leemans, Environmental Systems ty Partnership for Transboundary Waters, and member of Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, the Scientific Steering Committee of the Global Environ- 6700 AA Wageningen, Tel: +31 317 484919. mental Change and Human Security Project (GECHS). Email: . His latest publications in English on the Amazon are: “Pop- Website: . ulation Movements, Environmental Change and Social Conflicts in the Brazilian Amazon”, in: Unruch, Jon D.; Stefan Lindemann (Germany): political scientist; special- Krol, Maarten; Kliot, Nurit (Eds.): Environmental Change ized in environmental and development policy, with a par- and its Implication for Population Migration (Dordrecht – ticular emphasis on water-related issues. He is currently a Boston – London: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2004); Hy- PhD student in development studies at the London School droplitical Vulnerability and Resilience along International of Economics and Political Science (LSE) where he is pre- Waters. Latin America and the Caribbean (Nairobi: UNEP, paring a thesis on the role of “inclusive elite bargains” in 2007). understanding the causes of civil war in Sub-Saharan Africa. Previously, he has worked for the German Advisory Coun- Address: Prof. Dr. Alexander López, Director, Escuela de cil on the Environment (SRU), as a short-term consultant Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Nacional de Costa 4 for Gesellschaft für technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) and Rica, piso, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Heredia, the UK Department of International Development (DFID). Costa Rica He has also been involved in several research projects at Email: . the Environmental Policy Research Centre (FFU) of the Website: and Freie Universität Berlin. . Address: Mr. Stefan Lindemann, Stubbenkammerstrasse 11, 10437 Berlin, Germany. Eva Ludi (Switzerland/UK), PhD (Geography, University of Email: . Bern, Switzerland), is a research fellow in the Rural Policy and Governance Group at the Overseas Development Insti- Rolf Linkohr (Germany), Ph.D. (University of Munich,) is tute (ODI) in London, UK. She is involved in a number of president of the Centre for European Energy Strategy policy-oriented research projects, among them “RiPPLE - (CERES), a Brussels-based company he founded in 2005. Research-inspired Policy and Practice Learning in Ethiopia From 2005 to 2007 he was Special Advisor to the EU-Com- and the Nile Region”, a five-year Research Programme missioner for Energy Andris Piebalgs. He studied physics Consortium (RPC); at: dustry to develop electric cars, before being elected Mem- funded by the UK Department for International Develop- ber of the European Parliament in 1979 and subsequently ment (DFID) that aims to meet the challenge by providing was re-elected four times until 2004 when he did not run evidence-based learning to support water supply and sani- again. At the European Parliament for many years he was tation (WSS) implementation programmes in rural Ethio- the spokesman for science, technology and energy in the pia. From 2001 to 2005 she was project coordinator of the Socialist Group. He created the Scientific and Technologi- Individual Project 7 at swisspeace: “Environmental Change (STOA), the Parliament's Technolo- cal Options Assessment and Conflict Transformation” of the NCCR North-South gy Assessment Unit, he founded the European Energy “Research Partnerships for Mitigating Syndromes of Global , he was President of the Foundation European-Latin Amer- Change”; at: , funded ican Institute (IRELA). At present he works on strategic is- by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) and the sues like clean coal, the next generation of nuclear reactors, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. She also renewables and energy efficiency. His particular interests held a research fellow position at the Centre for Develop- are climate policy and energy as well as the relationship be- ment and Environment (CDE), Institute of Geography, tween combatting poverty, energy and CO2 - emissions University of Bern, Switzerland. Her main areas of work trading. are: leader and team member in international and interdis- Address: Dr. Rolf Linkohr, Asangstraße 219a, 70329 Stutt- ciplinary teams assessing options for sustainable land man- gart, Germany. agement and sustainable rural development in Ethiopia, Er- E-Mail: itrea, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tanzania, Kenya and Nica- Website: ragua, sustainable water management and impacts of WSS and . on poverty reduction and growth in Ethiopia, impacts of agro-commodity dependence on poverty and environmen- Alexander López (Costa Rica), Ph.D. from the University of Oslo, Norway. He is currently the director of the Insti- tal degradation in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Kenya. Her publi- tute for International Affairs of the Universidad Nacional cations include: (with R. Slater; L. Peskett; D. Brown): Cli- de Costa Rica. He has worked and conducted extensive mate change, agricultural policy and poverty reduction – how much do we know? Natural Resource Perspectives 109 field work in the Brazilian Amazon focusing on environ- 2007 mental conflicts related to mining. In México and Central (London: ODI, ); (with L. Cabral and J. Farrington): America he has been working on issues related to socio-en- The Millennium Villages Project – a new approach to end- ing rural poverty in Africa?” Natural Resource Perspectives vironmental conflict resolution and the management of 101 200 transboundary river basins. He is a member of the Universi- (London: ODI, 6); (with Yacob Arsano; Berhanu Debele; Seyoum Gebre Selassie): “Horn of Africa. Manag- Biographies of Contributors 1527 ing Resources and Disputes in Uncertain Environments“ al, interdisciplinary project on land and water resource (Bern: NCCR North-South, 2004); “Sustainable Pasture management in Khorezm, Uzbekistan. Other research Management in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Development projects in which he is involved include the role of soil or- Needs and Recommendations”, in: Mountain Research ganisms in conservation agriculture in Eastern and South- and Development, 21,2 (2003: 119-123); Economic Analysis ern Africa, and the role of termites in the formation of sta- of Soil Conservation: Case Studies from the Highlands of ble organic matter in tropical ecosystems. His current Amhara Region, Ethiopia (Bern: University of Bern, Insti- research interests focus on integrated concepts for improv- tute of Geography, 2002). ing sustainability of land use and specifically the manage- Address: Dr. Eva Ludi, Overseas Development Institute, 111 ment of biological soil resources in this context. He is a 2004 Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7JD, United King- member and since co-speaker of the Board of the De- dom. sertNet, a competence network of German institutions E-Mail: . dealing with the science needed for combating desertifica- 0 Website: . tion. He has published more than 6 articles on tropical ecology, nutrient cycling, soil ecology and biodiversity in Wolfgang Lutz (Austria): leader, world population program scientific journals, co-authored more than 15 papers on of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Central Asia, and (co-editor with H. Tiessen and P.L.G. (IIASA) in Austria; director of the Vienna Institute of De- Vlek): Management of Organic Matter in Tropical Soils: mography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences; affil- Scope and Limitations (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2001). iated professor at the College of Population Studies, Chu- Address: Dr. Christopher Martius, Center for Development lalongkorn University (Bangkok); principal investigator of Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, the Asian MetaCentre for Population and Sustainable De- 53113 Bonn, Germany. velopment (Singapore and Bangkok); chair of the scientific Email: , . programme committee of the African Population and Website: ; Health Research Centre (Nairobi). From 1998-2001, Secre- tary-General, International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP). He holds a Ph.D. in demography Simon J.A. Mason (Switzerland), mediator SDM, environ- from the University of Pennsylvania (1983) and a second mental scientist, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology doctorate (habilitation) in social statistics from the Univer- (ETH Zürich), Dr sc. (PhD) on water conflicts and cooper- sity of Vienna. He has authored and edited 25 scientific ation in the Nile Basin. He was project coordinator of the books and monographs and published more than 160 refe- sub-project water and conflict transformation of the NCCR reed articles, including several contributions in: Science and North South, focusing on dialogue workshops for trans- Nature. His most recent books include: Frontiers of Popu- forming water conflicts (2003-2006). Since 2005 he has lation Forecasting (1999); Population and Climate Change been senior programme officer at the Center for Security (2001); Population and Environment: Methods of Analysis Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich, in the “Mediation Support (2002); The End of World Population Growth in the 21st Project” (joint project with swisspeace), focusing on the de- Century: New Challenges for Human Capital Formation terminants of third party intervention in effective mediation and Sustainable Development (2004); and The New Gen- in peace processes. He has been a co-trainer of one week erations of Europeans: Demography and Families in the courses on water conflict analysis, negotiation and media- Enlarged European Union (2006). tion at the Mediterranean Academy for Diplomatic Studies, Address: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Lutz, IIASA, Schlossplatz 1, A- University of Malta, and the Egyptian Ministry of Water Re- 2361 Laxenburg, Austria. sources. Co-winner of the Junior Peter Becker prize in con- E-mail: . flict and peace research (together with Y. Arsano). His pub- Website: . lications include: From Conflict to Cooperation in the Nile Basin (ETH Zurich, 2004); “Are we scorpions?”, in: Moun- Christopher Martius (Germany): PhD (Biology, University tain Research and Development, 25,2 (May 2005): 115-120; of Göttingen), lecturer (agroecology), and senior scientist (co-author with K. Spillmann): “Transforming Environmen- at the Center for Development Research (ZEF) of the Uni- tal and Natural Resource Use Conflicts”, in: Cogoy, M.; versity of Bonn, Germany. Since January 2008 he works as Steininger, K. (Eds): The Economics of Global Environ- head of the Programme Facilitation Unit for Central Asia mental Change (Cheltenham, UK - Northampton, MA: Ed- and the Caucasus of the Consultative Group on Interna- ward Elgar 2007): 225-272. tional Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and coordinator of Address: Dr. J.A. Simon Mason, Center for Security Studies, the regional programme of the International Center for ETH Zurich/WEC, ETH Zentrum, Weinbergstr. 11, (ICARDA), in Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Tashkent, Uzbekistan. He joined ZEF in 1998. For six years E-mail: . he was a fellow of the Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology Website: . in Plön, Germany. He has over 12 years of work experience in tropical ecology, especially in rain forests of Brazilian Richard A. Matthew is associate professor of international Amazonia, where he worked at the Brazilian Research and environmental politics in the Schools of Social Ecology Center for the Amazon region (INPA), and over 5 years of and Social Science, University of California at Irvine (UCI), work in Central Asia, where he coordinates an internation- and director, Center for Unconventional Security Affairs 1528 Authors

() and of the Global Environmental presented papers at meetings of the: The American Politi- Change and Human Security Research Office (), both at UCI. His research focuses on inter- tion, and The American Collegiate Schools of Planning. national relations in the developing world, especially on Address: Dr. Bryan McDonald, Social Ecology I, University South Asia, and he has published widely on transnational of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697-7075, USA. security threats including environmental change, terrorism Email: . and landmines. Recent books and co-edited volumes in- Website: . clude: Contested Grounds: Security and Conflict in the New Environmental Politics (1999); Dichotomy of Power: J.R. McNeill (USA) was born in Chicago on 6 October Nation versus State in World Politics (2002); Conserving 1954. He studied at Swarthmore College and Duke Univer- the Peace: Resources, Livelihoods, and Security (2002); Re- sity, where he completed a Ph.D. in 1981. Since 1985 he has framing the Agenda: The Impact of NGO and Middle Pow- taught some 2,500 students at Georgetown University, in er Cooperation in International Security Policy (Praeger the History Department and School of Foreign Service, 2003); and Landmines and Human Security: International where he held the Cinco Hermanos Chair in Environmen- Relations and War’s Hidden Legacy (2004). tal and International Affairs before becoming university professor in 2006. His research interests lie in the environ- Address: Prof. Dr. Richard A. Matthew, Social Ecology I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697- mental history of the Mediterranean world, the tropical At- 7075, USA. lantic world, and Pacific islands. He has held two Fulbright awards, a Guggenheim fellowship, a MacArthur grant, and Email: . a fellowship at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He has pub- Website: . lished more than 40 scholarly articles in professional and Nadine May (Germany) is a consultant with VDI/VDE-IT scientific journals. His books are: The Atlantic Empires of GmbH. From 2001 to 2005 she attended the Technical Uni- France and Spain, 1700-1765 (Chapel Hill: University of versity of Braunschweig and obtained a degree in geo-ecolo- North Carolina Press, 1985); (co-ed. with Alan L. Karras): gy. She wrote her diploma thesis on “Ecobalance of a Solar Atlantic American Societies from Columbus through Aboli- Electricity Transmission from North Africa to Europe” at tion (London: Routledge, 1992); The Mountains of the the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics of the German Mediterranean World (New York: Cambridge University Aerospace Centre (DLR) in Stuttgart in 2005. From 2006 Press); (Ed.): The Environmental History of the Pacific to 2007, she was project manager at GAB Consulting World (London: Variorum, 2001); Something New Under GmbH in Lamstedt, investigating the fate and behaviour of the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-cen- pesticides. Since 2007, she has been working for VDI/VDI- tury World (New York: Norton, 2000), co-winner of the IT GmbH as a consultant in the field of Renewable Ener- World History Association book prize, the Forest History gies co-ordinating and managing national and European Society book prize, and runner-up for the BP Natural World R&D projects. Furthermore, she was involved in the evalua- book prize, and translated into 6 languages; and most re- tion of the “Export Initiative Renewable Energies” and has cently The Human Web: A Bird’s-eye View of World Histo- published: “Solarthermische Kraftwerke – Hoffnungsträger ry (New York: Norton, 2003), co-authored with his father für eine zukunftsfähige Energieversorgung”, in: FORUM William H. McNeill. He also edited or co-edited five more der Geökologie, 18,2 (2007): 26-31. books, including the Encyclopedia of World Environmen- 2003 Address: Ms. Nadine May, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik tal History (New York: Routledge, ). He is currently GmbH, Steinplatz 1, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. working on a history of yellow fever in the Americas from 17th 20th Email: . the through the centuries. Website: . Address: Prof. Dr. John R. McNeill, Department of His- tory, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057, USA. Bryan McDonald is the assistant director of the Center for Email: . Unconventional Security Affairs at the University of Califor- Website: . from the University of California, Irvine in 2008 and a M.A. in political science from Virginia Tech in 1999. His re- Czeslaw Mesjasz (Poland): Dr hab., associate professor, search examines the changing shape of world politics since Faculty of Management, Cracow University of Economics, the end of the cold war with a focus on international, hu- Cracow, Poland. See biographies of editors. man, and environmental security. He is co-editor of Land- Isabelle Milbert (France, Switzerland) is a professor at the mines and Human Security: International Politics and Graduate Institute of International and Development Stud- War’s Hidden Legacy (2004) and Global Environmental ies, Geneva, where her teaching and research specialization Change and Human Security (forthcoming 2009). His includes urban management, governance, international co- work has been published in: Democracy & Society, The Ca- operation strategies and modern Indian studies. From 2001 nadian Journal of Political Science, Global Environmental to 2008, she has headed two research projects on govern- Politics, Organization & Environment, the Natural Re- ance, law and public policies, in Latin America and in In- sources Journal, Environment, Politics and the Life Scienc- dia. She is presently member of the Executive Committee es, International Environmental Agreements, and the Envi- of EADI (European Association of Development Institutes) ronmental Change and Security Project Report. He has Biographies of Contributors 1529 and Associate Researcher at the South Asia Research Cen- va), a former consultant for the International Strategy for tre (Paris, CNRS). Her publications include: What Future Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR). He graduated in history, for Urban Cooperation? An Assessment of Post-Habitat and obtained master degrees in sociology and in develop- Strategies (Bern: SDC, 2000); “Alliances in International ment studies. His main area of work are: sociology of natu- Co-operation: A Change of Paradigm in Urban Govern- ral risks and disasters, vulnerability, risk management and ance?”, in: Westendorff, D. (Ed.), 2004: From Unsustaina- security issues. His publications include: “Risk perception, ble to Inclusive Cities (Geneva: UNRISD): 185-205; “Slums, risk management and vulnerability to landslides in the hill- slum dwellers and multilevel governance”, in: EJDR, 18,2 slopes in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. A preliminary state- (2006): 299-318; “Gouvernance et mondialisation”, in: ment”, in: Disasters, 32/3 (Autumn 2008). Text at: ; "La gestion pays en développement (Paris: SEDES); “L’économie et la des risques de catastrophe naturelle au niveau global : co- société en Inde”, in: Godement, F.; Delamotte G. (Ed.), hérences et incohérences d'un domaine en constitution", 2007: Géopolitique de l’Asie (Paris: Editions Colin): 39-67; working paper, Geneva, IUED and NCCR-NS/IP8, (2005). 355 ”La lente urbanisation de l’Inde”, in: Urbanisme, No. Address: M. Fabien Nathan, IHEID, 20, rue Rothschild, 2007 41 4 (July-August ): – 6. Her PhD is on Indian urban law CH-1211 GENEVE, Switzerland and public policies and received the prize of the best PhD Email: . 198 thesis (University of Paris II, 6). Website: and . NCCR%20North-South&ID=709>. Website: . Tereza Nemeckova (Czech Republic), lecturer and research Sam Moyo (Zimbabwe) is professor and the executive di- fellow at the Department of the World Economy at the rector of the African Institute for Agrarian Studies (AIAS) University of Economics in Prague, Czech Republic. She based in Harare, Zimbabwe. He has more than 28 years of obtained a bachelor degree in international trade and a research experience on rural development issues with a fo- master degree in international politics and diplomacy. In cus on land reform, agrarian change, environmental policy, January 2008 she finished her post graduate studies at the and social movements. He has been involved in several ma- same university. Her Ph.D dissertation focused on: “The jor publications, with key celebrated academic works being: European Development Policy: new approaches and direc- The Land Question in Zimbabwe (Harare: Sapes Books, tions”. She has participated in many national and interna- 1995); Land Reform Under Structural Adjustment in Zim- tional conferences and published papers in national jour- babwe (Uppsala: The Nordic Africa Institute, 2000); Land nals. She focuses on development economics and issues of Reform under Structural Adjustment in Zimbabwe: Land the European development policy. Apart from her academ- Use Change in the Mashonaland Provinces (Uppsala: The ic profile she has been a head of an IT development project Nordic Africa Institute, Feb. 2000); The Politics of Land in Botswana, where she started to focus on obstacles of hu- Distribution and Race Relations in Southern Africa (New man development as an internal factor of economic devel- York: UNRISD, Sept. 2001); (co-authored with Paris Yeros): opment of developing countries. “The radicalized state: Zimbabwe’s interrupted revolution”, Address: Dr. Tereza Nemeckova, University of Economics, 111 in: Review of African Political Economy (ROAPE) No. Department of the World Economy, W. Churchill sq.4, (2007) 103 121 : - . ; (co-authored with Paris Yeros): “The Zim- Prague 3, Czech Republic. babwe Question and the Two Lefts”, in: Historical Materi- Email: , and . 15 2007 177 204 alism, ( ): - ; African Land Questions, Agrari- Website: . an Transitions and the State: Contradictions of Neoliberal Land Reforms (Dakar: CODESRIA Greenbook, 2008); (co- David Newman (Israel), Ph.D (University of Durham, UK, edited with Paris Yeros): Reclaiming the Land: The Resur- 1981) is professor of political geography and geopolitics, gence of Rural Movements in Africa, Asia and Latin Amer- Department of Politics and Government, Ben Gurion Uni- ica (London: Zed Books, 2005); (co-edited with Kojo Se- versity, Israel. He is co-editor of Geopolitics, a quarterly bastian Amanor): Land and Sustainable Development in peer reviewed journal published by Taylor & Francis Africa (London: Zed Books, April 2008). (Routledge). He has been at Ben Gurion University since 1987, in the Department of Geography until 1997, when he Address: Prof. Dr. Sam Moyo, Executive Director, African 19 founded and chaired the Department of Politics and Gov- Institute for Agrarian Studies (AIAS), Bodle Avenue, 199 1998 Eastlea, P O Box CY3396, Harare, Zimbabwe; Postal ernment. From 6- he was Director of the Hubert address. Humphrey Institute for Social Research at Ben Gurion Uni- versity. In 2003 he facilitated the founding of the Email: . Centre for (CESPS) at the Website: . the Study of European Politics and Society University. He was the Leverhulme Professor of Geopolitics Fabien Nathan (France), research assistant at the National at the University of Bristol, UK, in 2006-07. His recent pub- Centre for Competence in Research, North-South (NCCR/ lications include: “The geopolitics of peacemaking in Israel- NS, Switzerland), PhD candidate at the Graduate Institute Palestine”, in: Political Geography, 21,5 (1999): 629-646; of International and Development Studies (IHEID, Gene- “On borders and power: A Theoretical Framework”, in: 1530 Authors

Journal of Borderland Studies, 18,1 (2002): 13-25; “Conflict and agricultural policy analysis, University of Giessen, Ger- at the interface: The impact of boundaries and borders on many. He has worked in several projects of resource con- contemporary ethno-national conflict,” in: Flint, Colin servation and spent two years in Zimbabwe for develop- (Ed.): Geographies of War and Peace (Oxford: Oxford Uni- ment studies. His current research interest and focus is on versity Press, 2003); “The resilience of territorial conflict in the efficiency of water use and spatial optimization of irri- an era of globalization”, in: Kahler, Miles; Walters, Barbara gation systems as well as on the economics of salinity. Ma- (Eds.): Territory, Conflict and Globalization (Cambridge: jor publications include: “How multi-functionality can trans- Cambridge University Press, 2004); “The lines that contin- late into non-trade concerns in the WTO: on price ue to separate us: Borders in our borderless world”, in: transmission and competition between constituencies”, in: Progress in Human Geography, 30,2 (2006) 1-19; “ Geo- International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Govern- graphic Discourses: The Changing Spatial and Territorial ance and Ecology, 4,3/4: 306-326; “Biodiversity Manage- Dimensions of Israeli Politics and Society”, in: Israel Stud- ment through Compensation Payments for Landscape Ele- ies, 13, 1 (2008) 1-15; “Borders and bordering: towards an ments: On Spatial Aspects in Bio-Economic Modeling to interdisciplinary dialogue”, in: European Journal of Social get Cost Effectiveness”, in; Kontoleon, A.; Pascual, U.; Theory, 9,2 (2006), 171-186; “The academic boycott of Isra- Swanson, T. (Eds): Frontiers in Bio-economic Modelling el”, in: Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs; 2,2 (2008), 45-56; (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): 446-477; (with “Geographic Discourses: The Changing Spatial and Territo- Fang Lan): “Adoption of Efficient Irrigation Technologies rial Dimensions of Israeli Politics and Society”, in: Israel in a Spatial Model for Water Use”, in: Journal of Quantita- Studies, 13,1 (2008), 1-15; “The formation of national identi- tive and Technical Economics, 23,3 (2006): 85-94. He has ties in Israel / Palestine: The construction of spatial knowl- also contributed chapters to various books. edge and the contested territorial narratives”, in: Slocum, Address: Prof. Dr Ernst-August Nuppenau, Institut für Nikki (Ed.): Promoting Conflict or Peace through Identity Agrarpolitik und Marktforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 2008 (Aldershot: Ashgate, ); “The Renaissance of a Border Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35394 Giessen, Germany. which Never Died: The Green Line between Israel and the Email: . West Bank” , in: Diener, Alexander; Hagen, Joshua (Eds.): Website: . Border Lines: History and Politics of Odd International Borders (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009); Joy Ogwu (Nigeria), Ambassador, is the Permanent Repre- “Theorizing Borders: New Directions in Border Studies”, sentative of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to the United in: Wastl-Water, Doris (Ed.): Research Companion to Bor- Nations in New York. See: Biographies of authors of fore- der Studies (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009). words and preface essays. Address: Prof. Dr. David Newman, Department of Politics Úrsula Oswald Spring (Mexico), research professor at the and Government, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel National University of Mexico (UNAM), in the Regional 84105. Multidisciplinary Research Center (CRIM) in Cuernavaca. Email: . See biographies of editors. Website: . Zarina Othman (Malaysia): Ph.D., University of Denver, Colorado, USA; senior lecturer of international relations at Matthew Norton (UK) is currently a Ph.D. researcher at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM/National the Sociology Department of Yale University. Previously he University of Malaysia), formerly a coordinator for the mas- was the coordinator of the Department of International ter of social science (Defence Studies), a joint programme Peace Studies and a lecturer at the University for Peace in between UKM and Malaysia Armed Forces Defence Col- San José (Costa Rica). He obtained an MA in Conflict Res- lege, Kuala Lumpur; adjunct lecturer at the Malaysia Insti- olution from Bradford University (UK) and a BA in Philoso- tute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR) and Ma- phy from Villanova University (US). He has focused on a laysia Senior Police College in Kuala Lumpur; April-May linked series of questions relating to conflict, culture, senti- 2006, research fellow at the Institute of Strategic Studies ment, epistemology, and politics in a variety of professional and International Affairs, Tamkang University () and and research settings. He is currently looking at the study guest lecturer at the Masters in International Relations of war from the vantage of meaning, the construction and Program (MIR), Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat destruction of moral communities, the role of art in ena- University (Thailand). Specializations: international rela- bling solidarity, and the interface of culture and disaster. tions theory, security studies, and comparative politics. Re- He has published in the: Journal of Political and Military search interests include non-traditional security issues, hu- Sociology. man trafficking, rise of Islam, U.S. interests in East Asia, Address: Dr. Matthew Norton, Department of Sociology, Southeast Asian regional security, Myanmar/Burma, peace Yale University, P.O. Box 208265, New Haven CT 06520- studies, gender and development issues. Major publica- 8265, USA. tions: “Myanmar (Burma): Born to be a ‘Narco State’?” in : E-mail: . Asian Profile, 2008; “Common Threat: Trafficking of Website: . Women and Children in Malaysia and Thailand,” in: Amri- ah Buang (Ed.): Malaysia and Thailand in the 21stCentury: Ernst-August Nuppenau (Germany): PhD (agricultural eco- Some Common Concerns (Bangi: UKM, 2007); “Human nomics, University of Kiel), is a professor of environmental Trafficking, Human (In)security, and Security in Malaysia,” Biographies of Contributors 1531 in: Karen Beeks; Delila Amir (Eds.): Trafficking and the nan (HIV/AIDS); principal advisor to Executive Secretary Global Sex Industry (Lanham, Md: Lexington Books, of the UNECA (on poverty and health) and senior advisor - 2006); “Neorealism and Institutionalism in War and Peace,” Africa Union Strategic Group on HIV/AIDS, Malaria and in: Ghazali Mayudin, Jamaie Hamil; Sity Daud; Zaini Oth- Tuberculoses. He has also been an advisor to the IMF, the man (Eds.): Democracy, Leadership and Security in Malay- World Bank, the OECD, the World Health Organization, sian Politics (Bangi: UKM, 2006); (co-ed. with Sity Daud): and the United Nations Development Programme, among Politics and Security [in Malay] (Bangi, UKM, 2005); (co- other international agencies. His recent publications in- author with Sity Daud): “Human Security and Social Safety clude: Africa's AIDS Crisis: how the poor are dying (Ox- Nets,” in: Sity Daud; Zarina Othman (Eds.): Politics and Se- ford: Polity 2006); (with Anthony McGraw) Globalisation, curity [in Malay] (Bangi, UKM, 2005; “The Rights of a Development and Human Security (Oxford: Polity 2007); Non-Muslim in Muslim States” [in Malay], in: Isu Syariah (with Alan Whiteside; Bjorg Sandkjaer) AIDS and Govern- dan Undang-Undang (Bangi: Fakulti Islam, 2005; “Myan- ance (Aldershot: Ashgate 2007). mar, Illicit Drug Trafficking and Security Implications,” in: Address: Prof. Dr. Nana K. Poku, Department of Peace Akademika: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK, BD7 1DP, 2004 ; “Trafficking in Women and Children: Focus on Ma- UK. 2004 laysia, ” in Journal of Population, . Email: . Address: Dr. Zarina Othman, Program of Strategic Studies Website: . Strategy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Univer- siti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Eva Patricia Rakel (Germany/The Netherlands): lecturer at Malaysia. the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. She has published in English on politics, economy, and foreign rela- Email: . tions of Iran and on Central Eurasia. Her English publica- Website: . tions include: Power, Islam, and Political Elite in Iran – A Rajendra K. Pachauri (India) is Director-General of TERI Study on the Iranian Political Elite from Khomeini to Ah- and since April 2002 Chairman of the Intergovernmental madinejad (Leiden – Boston – London: Brill Academic Pub- Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). See: Biographies of au- lishers, 2008); “Iranian Foreign Policy since the Iranian Is- thors of forewords and preface essays. lamic Revolution”, in: Amineh, Mehdi Parvizi (Ed.): The Greater Middle East in Global Politics – Social Science Per- Douglas Pattie (United States): Ph.D. (Colorado State Uni- spectives on the Changing Geography of the World Politics versity), coordinator of the Platform for the Promoton of (Leiden – Boston – London: Brill Academic Publishers, Early Warning, United Nations International Strategy for 2007): 147-175; “Conglomerates in Iran: The Political Econ- (UN/ISDR), Bonn, Germany. His work Disaster Reduction omy of Islamic Foundations”, in: Jilberto Fernandez, Alex- focused on a number of problems confronting the sustaina- ander; Hogenboom, Barbara (Eds.): Conglomorates and ble use of arid and semiarid lands including desertification Economic Groups in Developing Countries and Transition control; environmental security and migration; methodo- Economies (London: Sage, 2006): 109-132; “Paradigms of logical and institutional issues surrounding early warning Iranian Policy in Central Eurasia and Beyond”, in: Amineh, systems; the use of traditional knowledge for disaster reduc- Mehdi Parvizi; Houweling, Henk (Eds.): Central Eurasia in tion; participatory GIS for vulnerability and risk reduction; Global Politics: Conflict, Security and Development (Lei- mapping land-cover dynamics; community-based fire man- den – Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2004/2005): 235- agement; benchmarks and indicators of change in drylands; 257; “Azerbaijani”, in: Skutsch, Carl (Ed.): Encyclopedia of desertification in developed countries; remote sensing of the World's Minorities (London: Routledge, 2004). arid and semi-arid rangeland and on the non-traditional causes of vegetation change. Prior to the UN/ISDR he Address: Dr. Eva Patricia Rakel, Department of Political Sci- 237 served as environmental affairs officer with the United Na- ence, University of Amsterdam, O.Z. Achterburgwal , 1012 tions Convention to Combat Desertification. He has also DL Amsterdam, The Netherlands. previously worked with the International Tropical Timber Email: . Organization in Yokohama, Japan as projects manager. P.S. Ramakrishnan (Palayanoor Sivaswamy Ramakrishnan) Address: Dr. Douglas Pattie, UN/ISDR, UN Campus, Her- (India) is emeritus professor and Indian National Science man-Ehlers-Strasse 10, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. Academy honorary senior scientist at the School of Envi- Email: . ronmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University. With a Website: . wide range of experiences working in universities and re- search institutions in India and abroad, in the interface of (Ghana/UK) is professor of African politics Nana K. Poku natural and social sciences, he has used knowledge systems and holds the John Ferguson Professorial Chair at the Uni- (traditional and formal) as powerful tools for ensuring rural versity of Bradford. From 2003 - 2006 he was the Executive community participation in conservation linked sustainable Director of the United Nations’ Commission on HIV/ development initiatives, based on a value system that they (CHGA). He has a multi- AIDS and Governance in Africa understand. He has been successful in converting his re- faceted diplomatic and academic career including: senior search results into policy and developmental initiatives, advisor to the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi An- working in the broad area of ecology linked with sustaina- 1532 Authors

ble development. With over 450 research articles and 23 re- East Africa, from 1983 to 1989 then he joined the Interna- search-based synthesis volumes, he has taken research re- tional Health Programme of the University of Maryland at sults to society at large through policy documents, outreach Baltimore and was seconded to the U.S. Naval Medical Re- volumes, and audio-visual documentaries. search Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt, from 1990 to 1994. He 1994 Address: Prof. Dr. P.S. Ramakrishnan, School of Environ- joined WHO, Geneva, in . He has contributed to more 70 mental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi than scientific peer reviewed publications. Selected pub- 110067, India. lications are: “WHO response to epidemics”, in World 1997 Email: . Health ( ); (co-author with D. Heymann): “SARS: Les- Website: . outbreak. Learning from SARS”, in: US National Acade- mies Press (2004); (co-author with D. Heymann): “SARS: A Andreas Rechkemmer (Germany) is the executive director Global Response to an International Threat”, in The of the International Human Dimensions Programme on Brown Journal of World Affairs (2004); “Menace microbi- Global Environmental Change (IHDP), a joint research enne, santé publique et sécurité de l’Etat: l’urgence d’un in- programme of the International Council for Science (IC- vestissement intersectoriel et d’une coopération interna- SU), the International Social Science Council (ISSC), and tionale”, in: Géopolitique (2006); “Implementing the the United Nations University (UNU) mandated to pro- International Health Regulations (2005) in Europe”, in: Eu- mote and coordinate the world-wide cutting edge research rosurveillance (2006); “Global Public Health Security”, in: on the human and societal aspects of global change. He Emerging Infectious Diseases (2007). holds a masters degree in philosophy and political science Address: Dr Guénaël Rodier, IHR Coordination Pro- and a PhD in international relations. He lectures at the Uni- gramme, World Health Organization, 20, Avenue Appia, versity of Cologne, Germany, and has published several 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. books, book chapters and journal articles. Among others, Email: . he is the editor of: UNEO – Towards an International En- Website: . vironment Organization (2005). He has a distinct back- ground in science for policy making processes, and has Francisco Rojas Aravena (Chile): PhD in political science worked with the UN in several functions, as well as with and specialist in international relations and international se- the Social Science Research Center Berlin (WZB) and the curity. From 1996 to 2004 he was director of the Latin German Institute for International and Security Affairs American Faculty of Social Sciences in Chile (FLACSO- (SWP). Chile), and since 2004 is the Secretary General of the Latin Address: Dr. Andreas Rechkemmer, IHDP Secretariat American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO). Early in his (UNU-IHDP), UN Campus, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10, D- career, he was professor of international relations, interna- 53113 Bonn, Germany. tional cooperation, Latin America in world politics and US Email: . foreign policy towards Central America at the National Uni- Website: . coordinator of the School of International Relations at the same university. He has taught at Stanford University in the Guénaël Rodier (France, Switzerland) is director, Interna- Santiago de Chile Campus and was Fulbright professor at tional Health Regulations Coordination Programme, World the Latin American and Caribbean Center of Florida Inter- Health Organization (WHO), Geneva. His main degrees in- national University (FIU) Miami (1986-1987). With some clude an MD from René Descartes University, Paris, a MSc regularity, he has been invited to lecture at the MA and in clinical tropical medicine from the London School of PhD programme in Latin American Studies at the Com- Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (recipient of the Frederick plutense University, and at Ortega y Gasset University in Murgatroyd Award) and a qualification in public health Madrid. He has served as a consultant of the United Na- from Ordre des Médecins, Paris. From 2000 to 2005, he tions programmes of UNDP and ECLAC. He is also a was director, Communicable Disease Surveillance and Re- member of the Latin American Advisory Board of the sponse, WHO, Geneva and has an extensive experience in Open Society Institute (OSI), and of the Equitas Founda- emerging infections and epidemic control. He has been ac- tion. He has published extensively on political science, for- tively involved in the development of new WHO strategies, eign policy, conflict resolution and negotiations, defence tools and guidelines for communicable disease surveillance and security matters of the Americas. Some of his latest and response, and initiated and supervised the revision of publications are: (co-ed. with Josette Altmann): Paradojas the International Health Regulations. He has coordinated de la integración en América Latina y el Caribe (Madrid: international teams for outbreak investigations, research Editorial Siglo XXI, 2008); El crimen organizado projects, and assessments of national surveillance systems internacional: una grave amenaza a la democracia en in more than 30 countries. His work relates to the interna- América Latina y el Caribe (San José, FLACSO-SG, 2006); tional control of avian influenza, SARS, viral haemorrhagic (co-ed. with Klaus Bodemer): La Seguridad en las fevers (Ebola, Marburg), arboviruses (Rift valley fever, den- Américas: Nuevos y Viejos Desafío [The Security in the gue, yellow fever), plague, cholera, Hantavirus, drug-resist- Americas, New and Old Challenges] (Madrid: Ibero- ant tuberculosis, and HIV infection. Dr Rodier started his america/Vervuert, 2005). career as a general practitioner in the Republic of Djibouti, Biographies of Contributors 1533

Address: Prof. Dr. Francisco Rojas Aravena, Secretary Gen- in the ministry of National Assembly, and currently as sen- eral of the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences- ior advisor in the Kuwait National Security Bureau. In addi- FLACSO, PO Box 5429, San José 1000, Costa Rica. tion, he is a columnist in the Al Anba newspaper. He is also Email: . committed to many voluntary activities such as serving as a Website: . president of Kuwait University Faculty Association, member in the Kuwait Press Association, and commentator on polit- (Bangladesh), educated and trained at A. K. M. Abdus Sabur ical related issues with Kuwait TV and Radio. Kiev State University, Kiev, Ukraine and at Columbia Univer- 81 8 sity, New York, USA respectively, is research director and Address: Prof. Dr. Abdullah Sahar, P.O. Box 6 6 Kaifan, head, International Studies Division, Bangladesh Institute of Faculty of Social Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait Cty, International and Strategic Studies (BIISS) and associate edi- Kuwait. tor of BIISS Journal. He has been a visiting scholar at Colum- Email: . bia University, New York, USA and a research fellow at the Mohammad Musfequs Salehin (Bangladesh), assistant pro- Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. His research fessor in the Department of Rural Sociology at Bangladesh interests include conflict management and resolution, post- Agricultural University. Born in 1976, he obtained a bache- conflict peace-building and human security with particular lor (Honors) and master degree in sociology. He holds a reference to South and Southeast Asia. He has written or ed- M.Phil. degree in Peace and Conflict Transformation with ited (alone or jointly) eight books and monographs, and con- a thesis entitled “Governance and Political Violence: A tributed thirty-four research articles to academic journals and Study on Bomb Terrorism in Bangladesh” from the Univer- books. Books and monographs published by him are: (as edi- sity of Tromsø, Norway. His research interest includes tor and contributor): Politics and Security in South Asia: Sa- good governance, human and health security and terrorism 2004 lience of Religion and Culture ( ); (co-author): Conflict and Islam (mainly in South Asia). He has published both in Management and Sub-regional Cooperation in ASEAN: Rel- national and international journals. evance for SAARC (2000); (editor and contributor): Devel- Assistant Prof. Mohammad Musfequs Salehin, opment Co-operation at the Dawn of the Twenty First Cen- Address: Department of Rural Sociology, Bangladesh Agricultural tury: Bangladesh-German Partnership in Perspective (2000); University, 2202 Mymensingh, Bangladesh. (editor): Nuclearisation of South Asia: Challenges and Op- . tions for Bangladesh (1998); Challenges of Governance in In- E-mail: : . dia: Fundamentals under Threat (1995); (co-editor and con- Website tributor): Bangladesh: Society, Polity and Economy (1993); Mohamed Abdelrahim (or M.A.) Mohamed Salih (PhD) Post-Brezhnev Soviet Policy Towards the Third World (1988); economic and social studies, University of Manchester, UK) (co-author): ASEAN Experiences of Regional and Inter-re- is professor of politics of development both at the Institute gional Co-operation: Relevance for SAARC (1988). of Social Studies, The Hague and the Department of Politi- Address: Mr. A. K. M. Abdus Sabur, Research Director, cal Science, University of Leiden, The Netherlands. He was BIISS, 1/46 Old Elephant Road, Ramna, Dhaka-1000, vice chair, International Human Dimension Programme on Bangladesh. Environmental Change (IHDP), Bonn, Germany. Currently E-mail: . he is of the Steering Scientific Committee of System Analy- Website: . sis for Research and Training (START), Washington DC., PAN-African START, Nairobi, Kenya, International Council Abdullah Sahar Mohammad (Kuwait) is an associate pro- for Sciences’ (ICSU) ad hoc Panel on Priority Area Assess- fessor of international relations at the Political Science De- ment (PPAA) on Capacity Building in Science, Paris, France partment in Kuwait University. He graduated from Kuwait and review editor on “Climate Change and Sustainable De- 1985 University in with a BA in political science. He ob- velopment” of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate tained his MA in international affairs from Florida State Change (IPCC). His publications include these major 1988 University in , and his Ph.D. from the University of books: Inducing Food Insecurity: Perspectives on Food Pol- 1994 Kentucky in and has also been a visiting professor at icies in Eastern and Southern Africa (Uppsala: Scandinavi- London School of Economics and International Relations an Institute of African Studies, 1994); Environmental Plan- 1997 8 - . Among his areas of interest are non-governmental ning, Policies and Politics in Eastern and Southern Africa organizations, security studies, terrorism, political econo- (Basingstoke: Macmillan – New York: St. Martins Press, my, energy studies, and political Islam. His publications 1999); Environmental Politics and Liberation in Contem- have dealt with matters such as Orientalism school and its porary Africa (Dordrecht – Boston – London: Kluwer Aca- role in the foreign policies of western countries toward demic Publishers, 1999); Local Environmental Change and Muslim and Arab, the impact of globalization on Third Society in Africa (Dordrecht – Boston – London: Kluwer World countries, the Arab Israeli conflict, grassroots of ter- Academic Publishers, 22002) African Pastoralism: Con- rorism, The public perspective of terrorism, Iran foreign flicts, Institutions and Governance (London – Perth – Vir- policy, Western involvements in oil-related issues in the ginia: Pluto, 2001); African Democracies and African Poli- Gulf, international intervention and security in the post- tics (London – Perth – Virginia: Pluto, 2001); African Westphalian era. He held many governmental posts within Parliaments between Government and Governance (Bas- Kuwaiti government institutions including senior consultant ingstoke: Palgrave – New York: St. Martin’s, 2005); Africa in the WTO for the Minister of Trade, head of a task force Networking: Information Development, ICTs and Govern- 1534 Authors

ance (Utrecht: International Books – Addis Ababa: United watchgroup.org>). Among his major publications are: Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), 2004); Campbell, Colin J.; Liesenborghs, Frauke; Schindler, Jörg; African Political Parties: Evolution, Institutionalisation and Zittel, Werner: Ölwechsel (München: Deutscher Taschen- Governance (London – Perth – Virginia: Pluto, 2003); Polit- buch Verlag [dtv], 2002, 22007). ical Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty Address: Mr. Jörg Schindler, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik Democracy (Stockholm: International Institute for Democ- GmbH, Daimlerstrasse 15, 85521 München-Ottobrunn. 2007 racy and Electoral Assistance, ); African E-Markets: In- Email: . formation and Economic Development in Africa (Utrecht: Website: . sion for Africa, 2007); Sustainable Development and Cli- mate Change: New Challenges to Poverty Reduction (Ed- Albrecht Schnabel (Germany) is a senior fellow at the Re- ward Elgar, May 2009, forthcoming). search Division of the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) in Geneva, Switzerland. Address: Prof. Dr. M. A. Mohamed Salih, Institute of Social Before joining DCAF, he was a senior research fellow at the Studies, P.O. Box 29776, 2502 LT The Hague, The Nether- Swiss Peace Foundation “swisspeace” in Bern. At swiss- lands and postal address: Kortenaerkade 12, 2518 AX, The peace he directed the research programme on human secu- Hague, The Netherlands. rity (HUSEC) and was responsible for the Bern-based team E-mail: . of the early warning programme FAST International. Previ- Website: . ously he served as an academic officer in the Peace and Bjorg Sandkjaer (Norway) is an associate demographer Governance Programme of the United Nations University, with the African Centre for Gender and Social Develop- Tokyo, Japan (1998-2003). He has taught at Queen’s Univer- ment at the United Nations Economic Commission for Af- sity (1994), the American University in Bulgaria (1995-1996), rica (Ethiopia), currently on secondment to the GAVI Alli- the Central European University (1996-1998), Aoyama ance secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland. From 2004 - 2006 Gakuin University (2002-2003) and since 2004 at the Uni- she served as an assistant to the Director of Research of the versity of Bern. In 1997 he was a visiting research fellow at secretariat to the UN Commission on HIV/AIDS and Gov- the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy (IFSH) ernance in Africa. She has worked in the interface between at the University of Hamburg and participated in OSCE research and policy, using data and research to inform poli- election monitoring missions in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Since cy formation and programme implementation, particularly 1999 he has served as a trainer for the UN System Staff in the health and social services sector, in European and Af- College course on Early Warning and Early Response and, rican contexts. She has co-authored several journal articles in 2001-02, as president of the International Association of and book chapters on health service provision to minority Peacekeeping Training Centres. He was educated at the groups and AIDS and governance, AIDS and sustainable University of Munich, the University of Nevada, and development, and AIDS and human security. She co-edited Queen’s University, Canada, where he received his PhD in (with Whiteside, Alan; Poku, Nana K.): AIDS and Govern- Political Studies in 1995. He has published widely on ethnic ance (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007). conflict, refugees, human security, conflict prevention and Address: Ms. Bjorg Sandkjaer, GAVI Alliance Secretariat, management, peacekeeping, post-conflict peace-building, c/o UNICEF, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10 Swit- including most recently: “The Human Security Approach to 2008 zerland. Direct and Structural Violence”, in: SIPRI Yearbook : Email: . Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Ox- 2008 87 9 Website: . ford: Oxford University Press, ): - 6. Address: Dr. Albrecht Schnabel, Geneva Centre for the Jörg Schindler (Germany) joined the Ludwig-Bölkow- 1984 Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), Rue de Systemtechnik (LBST) in Ottobrunn in and has been Chantepoulet 11, PO Box 1360, 1211 Geneva 1, Switzerland. its managing director since 1992. He studied business eco- Email: . nomics at the University of Munich and graduated with a Website: . diploma degree in commerce in 1968. From 1968 to 1984 he was employed by various industrial companies in Munich Max Schott (Germany/USA) is programme officer in the working on research and development projects, especially Human Security Unit, Office for the Coordination of Hu- on traffic planning and systems analysis for new transport manitarian Affairs (OCHA) of the United Nations Secre- systems. At LBST he has focused on commercialization of tariat in New York. From 2001 to 2008 he worked at photovoltaics and other renewable energy sources; clean UNESCO Headquarters at the Office of the Assistant Di- mobility systems for road transport; clean fuels produced rector-General for Social and Human Sciences and within from renewable energy sources (like hydrogen); future avail- the Division for Human Rights, Human Security and Phi- ability of fossil fuels (especially oil and gas). He has been losophy; as well as at the World Health Organization in Ge- an active member of the board of “e5 - The European Busi- neva. He has participated in the coordination of numerous ness Council for a Sustainable Energy Future“ (1999-2003); regional and international research policy conferences on as a member of the Enquête Commission of the Bavarian human security; in collaboration with diverse regional or- Parliament on “New Energy for the New Millenium“ and ganizations such as the League of Arab States and ASEAN, he is a member of the Energy Watch Group ( and . Cambridge University Press); and (co-ed. with Dennis Pirages): Ecological Security in Northeast Asia (Seoul: Yon- Leo Schrattenholzer (Austria), senior consultant, Integrat- sei University Press, 1998). ed Resources Management (Vienna); co-director, Interna- Address: Prof. Dr. Miranda Schreurs, Environmental Policy (IEW). From 1973–2006 research- tional Energy Workshop Research Centre, Freie Universität Berlin, Ihnestrasse 22, er and research leader (Environmentally Compatible Energy Berlin, 14195, Germany. Systems Group) at the International Institute for Applied Email: . Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. He holds a Website: . master’s degree in mathematics and a Ph.D. in energy eco- nomics, both from the Technical University of Vienna. He Jan Selby (UK), lecturer in the Department of International has also served as a consultant to the Commission of the Relations, University of Sussex, UK. His research centres European Communities (Brussels), to the World Bank, to on the political economy of oil and water; the political the Asian Development Bank, as well as to governmental economy of peace processes, with especial reference to the agencies in several countries (including Kuwait, Peru, and Middle East and South Asia; and Marxist and post-structur- Taiwan). He has also repeatedly served as a lecturer of en- alist approaches to social theory and global politics. He is ergy systems analysis (Technical Universities of Vienna and author of: Water, Power and Politics in the Middle East: Graz, Tsinghua University, Beijing). He is the author of nu- The Other Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (London: IB Tauris, merous publications, and he is a member of the Editorial 2003); The Global Politics of Oil (Polity, 2008); (co-editor Boards of the Pacific and Asian Journal of Energy (PAJE), with Feargal Cochrane and Rosaleen Duffy): Global Gov- the International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy ernance, Conflict and Resistance (Basingstoke: Palgrave, (IJETP) and the International Journal of Global Energy Is- 2003). His articles have appeared in journals such as Re- sues (IJGEI). view of International Studies, Third World Quarterly, Gov- Address: Dr. Leo Schrattenholzer, Technikerstraße 8/7, A ernment and Opposition, International Relations, Inter- 2340 Mödling, Austria. ventions and New Political Economy. E-mail: . Address: Dr. Jan Selby, Department of International Rela- 1 9 Miranda Schreurs (USA/Germany) is director of the Envi- tions, University of Sussex, Brighton BN SN, UK. ronmental Policy Research Centre and professor of com- Email: . parative politics at the Freie Universität Berlin. Prior to this Website: . she was associate professor in the Department of Govern- Mohammad El-Sayed Selim (Egypt), professor of political ment and Politics, University of Maryland. Her work science at Cairo University and presently at Kuwait Univer- focuses on comparative environmental and energy politics sity. He obtained a Ph.D. in political science from Carleton and policy. She was born and raised in the United States University, Canada in 1979. He taught at Cairo University, and has also lived for extended periods in Japan and Ger- the American University in Cairo, King Saud University, and many and briefly in the Netherlands. Her PhD is from the the United Arab Emirates University. Between 1995 and University of Michigan and her MA and BA from the Uni- 2003 he established the Center for Asian Studies in Cairo versity of Washington. She has held fellowships from the University and served as its first director. He published a SSRC-MacArthur Foundation Program on International number of books and articles in Arabic and English in Peace and Security Affairs, the Fulbright Foundation (Japan scholarly journals on issues related to foreign policy analy- and Germany), and the National Science Foundation/Japan sis, Arab-Asian relations, and Euro-Mediterranean relations. Society for the Promotion of Science. Her books include: He also represented the Government of Egypt in a number 1536 Authors

of world and Asian forums. Among his major books are: CIS space and Europe, federalism and regionalism in post- Non-Alignment in a Changing World (1983), Relations Soviet Russia. His most recent publications include: Rus- Among Muslim States (1991), Foreign Policy Analysis sia’s Policy on Europe: Decision-Making Mechanism (Nizh- (1998), Towards a Red Sea Forum for Security and Coop- ny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University Press, eration (1998), Major Asian Powers and the Middle East- 2007); International Relations in Post-Soviet Russia: ern Conflicts (2000), Arab-Central Asian Relations (2000), Trends and Problems (Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Nov- The Development of International Politics in the Nine- gorod Linguistic University Press, 2007); (co-authored with teenth and Twentieth Centuries (2002), The Nationaliza- Pertti Joenniemi): Russia and European Union’s Northern tion of the Suez Canal Company: A Study in Decision Dimension: Clash or Encounter of Civilizations? (Nizhny Making (2002). Since 1995 he has published various aca- Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University Press, demic papers on Euro-Mediterranean cooperation such as: 2003). Mediterraneanism: A New Dimension in Egypt's Foreign Address: Prof. Dr. Alexander Sergunin, Department of 1995 Policy ( ), Conceptual Issues in the projected Charter International Relations Theory & History, School of Inter- 2000 for Peace and Stability in the Mediterranean ( ), The national Relations, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Uni- Cultural Dimensions of the Euro-Mediterranean Partner- versitetskaya naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034 Russia. 2002 ship ( ). Recently, he has published “The environment E-mail: . 2002 in the Arab Human Development Report: A cri- Website: . tique”, in: Arab Studies Quarterly, 26,2 (Spring 2004). In 2006, he presented a paper at the Shanghai Forum for Chi- Serena Eréndira Serrano Oswald (México), PhD candidate na Studies on: “China's oil diplomacy in the Middle East”. in social anthropology at the National Autonomous Univer- In 2008, he published a paper at Tohoku University in Ja- sity of Mexico (UNAM). She holds a BA Hons in political pan on: “Environmental risks and strategies in the Arabian studies and history from the School of Oriental and Afri- Gulf region”. can Studies (SOAS) and an MSc in social psychology from the London School of Economics and Political Science Address: Prof. Dr. Mohammad El-Sayed Selim, Faculty of (LSE), both at the University of London. Her particular Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, areas of interest are: gender studies, identity, social repre- Egypt. sentations, migration and the social and cultural construc- 47 Email: and tion of motherhood. She is currently working for a research . project on HIV-AIDS and migration for the National Coun- 2008 Dieter Senghaas (Germany): Dr. phil. (political science, cil of Science and Technology (CONACyT). In early University of Frankfurt, FRG), professor of peace, conflict she translated into Spanish selected chapters of the book: and development research, Institute of Intercultural and In- Brauch/Oswald Spring/Mesjasz/Grin/Dunay/Chourou/ ternational Studies, University of Bremen, Bremen, FRG. Kameri-Mbote/Liotta (Eds.): Globalization and Environ- 21st Publications include: The European Experience. A Histori- mental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in the 2008 cal Critique of Development Theory (Leamington Spa, Do- Century (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer, ). ver: Berg Publishers 1985); The Clash within Civilizations. She worked on women-related research projects for the 2003 2005 Coming to terms with cultural conflicts (London – New pharmaceutical industry in Mexico. During - , she 39 York: Routledge 2002); Klänge des Friedens. Ein Hör- was assistant editor for volume of the Encyclopedia on bericht (Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp 2001); Zum irdischen Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Selected publications: Frieden (Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp 2004); On Perpetual “Migración, identidad y cultura: el caso de San Martín Peace. A Timely Assessment (New York – Oxford: Berghahn Tilcajete, Oaxaca. Incursiones desde una perspectiva Books 2007); (co-editor): of: Vom hörbaren Frieden multidimensional y de género”, in: Regiones y Desarrollo 5 9 2005 33 49 (Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp 2005). Sustentable, , (July-December ): - ; “Género, Migración y Paz: Incursiones a una Problemática desde una Address: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Dieter Senghaas, Universitaet Perspectiva Multidimensional e Incluyente”, in: Oswald Bremen, Institut für Interkulturelle und Internationale Stud- Spring, Úrsula (Ed.): Resolución Noviolenta de Conflictos ien, PF 33 04 40, 28334 Bremen, Germany. en Sociedades Indígenas y Minorías (Mexico City: Colegio Email: . de Tlaxcala – UAEM – CLAIP – Fundación Heinrich Böll, Website: . Mujeres. Alexander Sergunin (Russia) is professor of the Depart- Address: Ms. Serena Eréndira Serrano Oswald, Priv. Rio ment of International Relations Theory & History, School Bravo #1, Col. Vistahermosa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México of International Relations, St. Petersburg State University. C.P. 62290. Until 2008 he was a chair of the Department of Interna- Email: . tional Relations and Political Science, Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University. He holds Ph. D. in general history Neysa Jacqueline Setiadi (Indonesia/Germany) is research from Moscow State University (1985) and a habilitation in associate at the United Nations University – Institute for political science from St. Petersburg University (1994). The Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS). She gradu- fields of his research are: IR theory, security studies, Rus- ated as an environmental engineer from the Institut Te- sian foreign policy-making, Russia’s security policies in the knologi Bandung (Indonesia). Subsequently, she obtained Biographies of Contributors 1537 her M.Sc. in water resources engineering and management Conservation International Guyana in July 2001. From at the University of Stuttgart, Germany and worked as an 2001-2005, he worked with international, local and com- intern for the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) on munity stakeholders to establish a Guyana National Pro- Integrated Water Resources Management in the Philip- tected Areas System linked to transboundary collaboration pines. As a member of the Vulnerability Assessment Section across the Guiana Shield, and on models of sustainable de- at UNU-EHS, her work focuses on local socio-economic velopment to conserve biodiversity and generate economic and critical infrastructures vulnerability assessment to po- benefits. He has published: The Role of the Military in En- tential tsunami impacts as a contribution to the numerical vironmental Enforcement (Washington, DC: UNEP, 1993); tsunami early warning and evacuation information system Strategies in countering non-military threats to emerging (LAST-MILE – Evacuation Project). Recent publication: Democracies (London: RCDS, 1995); Guyana: The Lost El Birkmann, J.; Dech, S.; Hirzinger, G.; Klein, R.; Klüpfel, H.; Dorado – the Memoirs of Matthew French Young (Leeds: Lehmann, F.; Mott, C.; Nagel, K.; Schlurmann, T.; Setiadi, Peepal Tree Press, 1998); The Mataruki Trail: The Manu- N.; Siegert, F.; Strunz, G., 2007: “Numerical last-mile tsuna- script of C. Arthur Hudson (Georgetown, Guyana: Sheik mi early warning and evacuation information system”, in: Hassan Productions, 2004); and on security, environment, Geotechnologien. Science Report, Early Warning System in youth empowerment, adventure training and expeditions, Earth Management, 10: 62-74. history, and current affairs. He is the recipient of Guyana’s Address: Ms. Neysa Jacqueline Setiadi, UNU-EHS, UN highest national honour, the Military Service Star, of na- Campus, Hermann-Ehlers Str. 10, 53111 Bonn, Germany. tional awards from Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, French Email: . Guyane and Cuba, and was decorated by Prince Bernhard Website: . of the Netherlands as an Officer of the Golden Ark for his contribution to global conservation. Hideaki Shinoda (Japan) is assistant professor at the Insti- Address: Major General (ret.). Joseph G. Singh MSS, CEO tute for Peace Science, Hiroshima University, Japan. He ob- Guyana Telephone and Telegraph Company, Telephone tained a Ph.D. in international relations from the London House, 79 Brickdam, Georgetown, Guyana. School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University E-Mail: . of London, after graduating from Waseda University, Japan. Website : . He has been engaged in the peacekeeping mission in Cam- bodia in 1993 after some volunteer works in Asia and Afri- Mary Soledad L. Perpiñan (Philippines), founding chair ca. He is the author of: Re-examining Sovereignty: From and chief executive officer of the Third World Movement Classical Theory to the Global Age (London: Macmillan, Against the Exploitation of Women (TW-MAE-W), honor- 2000) that was translated into Chinese in 2004; Peace- ary chair and foundress of the IBON Foundation, Inc., a building and the Rule of Law: Theoretical and Functional socio-economic databank and research centre, member of Analyses of International Peace Operations (in Japanese) the International Advisory Board of the Global Health (Tokyo: Sobunsha, 2003), which received the 2003 Osaragi Council, Washington, D.C., has been Secretary General of Jiro Rondan Award of the Asahi Newspaper. the Asia-Pacific Peace Research Association (APPRA), coun- Address: Prof. Dr. Hideaki Shinoda, Institute for Peace Sci- cil member of the International Peace Research Association ence, Hiroshima University, 1-1-89, Higashisendamachi, (IPRA), and convenor of the Women and Peace Commis- Naka-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan. sion. She obtained an A.B. Humanities and B.S.E. summa Email: . cum laude; was a Fulbright scholar at Fordham University, Website: . tion; studied spirituality at the Gregorian University, Rome, and social analysis at INODEP under Sorbonne University, Vandana Shiva (India) is a physicist, ecofeminist, environ- Paris. Among her publications are: From Darkness to Light, mental activist and author. See biographies of authors of Flint and Fire (22008); has had many papers and articles forewords and preface essays. published in books, journals and periodicals. She worked on commissioned research projects for the United Nations; Joseph G. Singh (Guyana), MSS, MSc, MInstD, FCMI, among them: “Inroads of NGOs in the UN”. She presented FRGS holds a MSc (tourism and protected landscape man- papers at international conferences on peace, women and agement, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, religious studies, served as an UN expert on women issues Greenwich University, UK) is currently the Chief Executive and human rights, and participated in almost all major UN Officer of the Guyana Telephone and Telegraph Company world conferences during the past 22 years. Popularly of Guyana. He had a military career of 34 years, for the last known as Sister Sol, she is a Good Shepherd Sister by voca- ten years of which he was the Chief of Defence Staff of the tion; an educator and writer by profession; an ecofeminist, Guyana Defence Force. He is a graduate of the University peace practitioner and social activist by conviction. She was of Guyana (public administration), the UK Army Staff Col- cited among the women activists worldwide of the 20th lege Camberley and of the UK Royal College of Defence century in the “Roll of Honour” of the UN General Assem- Studies (Strategic Studies and International Relations). Af- bly Special Session five years after Beijing to be remem- ter his retirement in June 2000, he became Chairman of bered and honoured, both in their lifetime, and beyond. the Guyana Elections Commission for the March 2001 She was among the ‘1000 Women for the Nobel Peace general and regional elections, and Executive Director of Prize 2005’ nominees. 1538 Authors

Address: Mary Soledad L. Perpiñan, 1043 Aurora Boulevard, Address: Dr. Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh, CERI Programme for Quezon City, Philippines 1108. Peace and Human Security, 74 Rue des Saints Pères, E-mail: . Paris 75007, France. Website: . Email: . Website: . Achim Steiner (Germany), Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Under-Sec- Nogoye Thiam (Senegal), Ph.D., has been a research and retary General of the United Nations. See: Biographies of implementation coordinator at the international NGO authors of forewords and preface essays. Enda-TM for the ‘Energy, Environment, Development’ pro- gramme since 2004. Her duties include management of Larry A. Swatuk (Canada) PhD (Dalhousie University, Hal- projects on energy, climate change, the Clean Development ifax, Nova Scotia); adjunct professor of international devel- Mechanism (CDM), and access to essential energy services opment studies, Dalhousie University, and lecturer in the in rural zones. In 2003 she obtained her PhD with honours Departments of International Development Studies and Po- in energy economics at the Geopolitics Centre of Energy litical Science, St. Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. and Raw Materials (CGEMP) of the University Paris Dau- His research work focuses on the political economy of the phine, France. Before she worked in the Energy, Mining environment and natural resources management with a par- and Telecommunication Sector of the World Bank where ticular regional focus on Southern Africa. From 1996 to she researched reform methods for the electricity sector in 2007, he worked at the University of Botswana where he West African countries. She organized international and re- was research professor of natural resource governance at gional workshops on energy, environment, development, the Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre. and climate change. Among her major publications are: The Among his numerous publications are three guest co-edited impacts of electricity sector reform policies on development issues of the journal: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth in West Africa: the case of Senegal (Dakar: Enda Energie, (2004, 2005, 2007) devoted to water resources manage- June 2006); Preserving forestry resources in order to ad- ment; (co-ed. with Lars Wirkus): Transboundary Water Re- vance rural development: the case of Senegal (Dakar: Enda source Governance in Southern Africa (Baden-Baden: Energie, April 2006); Developmental impacts of electricity Nomos, 2008). sector reform in Senegal (Roskilde, Denmark: UNEP Risø Address: Prof. Dr. Larry A. Swatuk, Department of Interna- Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development, tional Development Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, November 2006). Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H6. Address: Dr. Nogoye Thiam, ENDA TM, Programme ‘Ener- : . Email gie, Environnement, Développement’, 54, rue Carnot, BP Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh (USA/France/Iran), PhD from 3370 – DAKAR, Sénégal. Columbia University (1994), is director of the Programme Email: . for Peace and Human Security at the CERI (Centre Website: . ), Sciences Po, d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales Mara Tignino (Italy) holds a PhD in international relations Paris, where she has been teaching courses on human secu- with a specialization in international law from the Graduate rity and on international organizations since 2004. She also Institute of International Studies and Development in Ge- serves as the director of the Concentration on Human Se- neva. She is currently working as a researcher at the Faculty curity at the Master’s of Public Affairs at Sciences Po, and of Law of the University of Geneva, Department of Public as the editor in chief of the . Journal of Human Security International Law and International Organization. Previous- Prior to coming to France she was an adjunct professor at ly, she has served as a consultant for the Basel Convention the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia Secretariat. Her main areas of interest are: environmental University (2002-2004), and a staff member of UNDP law, international humanitarian law and human rights law. (1995-2002), with postings in New York, Central Asia, and Her publications include: “Water in Times of Armed Con- Eastern Europe. Besides teaching and researching, she flict”, in: PCA/Peace Palace Papers (Ed.): Resolution of In- works as a consultant on the National Human Develop- ternational Water Disputes (The Hague: Kluwer Law Inter- ment Reports of UNDP. She was the editor in chief of the national, 2003); (co-author with Makane Moïse Mbengue): Afghanistan Report, in 2004, Security with a Human Face “Public Participation, Transparency and /Amicus curiae/ in and has worked with teams in Iran, Iraq, Nepal, China, Water Disputes”, in: Brown Weiss, Edith; Boisson de Central Asia and Mongolia among others. She is the co-au- Chazournes, Laurence; Bernasconi-Osterwalder, Nathalie thor (with Anuradha Chenoy) of: Human Security: Con- (Eds.): Freshwater and International Economic Law (Ox- (London: Routledge 2006); cepts and Implications The ford : Oxford University Press, 2005); (co-author with Dima : Bloody Path of Change The Case of Post-Soviet Tajikistan, Yared): “La commercialisation et la privatisation de l’eau (New York: Columbia University, Harriman Institute Fo- dans le cadre l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce”, in: rum, 1993); (co-author with Nassim Jawad): Tajikistan: A Revue Québécoise de Droit International, 19,2 (2006): 159- (London: Minority Rights Group, Forgotten Civil War 196. 1995). She has written extensively on Afghanistan, Central Asia, human development and human security. Address: Ms. Mara Tignino, University of Geneva, Faculty of Law, Department of Public International Law and Inter- national Organization, Room 4087, Geneva, Switzerland. Biographies of Contributors 1539

E-mail: . Kabariti, Malek; Bennouna, Abdelaziz; Nokraschy, Hani; Website: . sir; Satoguina, Honorat): Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region (MED-CSP), Internet Publica- (Germany) is project manager at the German Franz Trieb tion of the MED-CSP Study Report, April 2005, at: Aerospace Centre (DLR), he has a diploma in mechanical . engineering from University of Clausthal and doctorate in physics from the University of Oldenburg. He has worked Address: Dr. Franz Trieb, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und in the field of renewable energies since 1983. After the im- Raumfahrt, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, Pfaf- 38 40 705 9 plementation of hydrogen storage for an autonomous re- fenwaldring - , D- 6 Stuttgart, Germany. newable energy system at the University of Oldenburg, Ger- Email: . many, he conducted a two-year postgraduate course Website: . ‘Renewable Energy’ at the National University of Tacna, Pe- Thanh-Dam Truong (Netherlands/Vietnam), associate pro- 1994 ru. Since , he is project manager at the Institute of fessor in women, gender and development studies at the In- Technical Thermodynamics of the German Aerospace Cen- stitute of Social Studies (ISS) where she has been on the staff tre (DLR) in Stuttgart, Germany, working on solar energy since 1982. She received a Ph.D. in political and cultural stud- resource assessment by satellite remote sensing, market ies from The University of Amsterdam in 1988. Prior to her strategies for concentrating solar power and renewable en- present appointment she worked from 1973-1976 with the ergy scenarios. Two recent studies look at the future de- United Nations Development Programme in New York and mand and the sustainable supply of electricity using the po- in West Africa – on women in the informal sector; on deserti- tential of renewable energy sources in the countries of the fication and changing livelihoods. In 1971 and 1972 she was a Mediterranean Region and Europe. Among his major publi- free lance journalist. She is one of the first scholars who cations and project reports are: “Assessment of the Poten- wrote an academic analysis on sex tourism: Sex, money and tial for Diversification of Energy Sources in the Countries morality: Prostitution and Tourism in Southeast Asia (Lon- 13 of the GCC”, invited paper, th Annual Energy Confer- don: Zed – New York: St. Martin Press, 1990). Her work has ence Proceedings (Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic been translated into several languages (Dutch, Japanese, In- 2008 Studies and Research (ECSSR), ), i.p.; (co-author with: donesian, Thai and Spanish). Her continued interests in gen- Müller-Steinhagen, Hans): “Concentrating Solar Power for der, culture and social justice have brought her to new areas Seawater Desalination in the Middle East and North Afri- of research on the gendered dimensions of global/local inter- 220 2008 1 5 183 ca”, in: Desalination, ( ): 6 – ; (co-author with: actions and the challenges these pose to the field of human Müller-Steinhagen, Hans): “Europe-Middle East-North Afri- development and human security. Currently she coordinates ca Cooperation for Sustainable Electricity and Water”, in: the European Focal Point of the Open Research Centre on 2 2 2007 205 219 Sustainability Science, , ( ): - ; (co-author with: “Human Security in Global Cities Networks” funded by Chu- Müller-Steinhagen, Hans): “The DESERTEC Concept – bu University (Nagoya, Japan) and the Japanese Government. Sustainable Electricity and Water for Europe, Middle East She co-edited the volume: Engendering Human Security: and North Africa”, in: Knies, Gerhard; Möller, Uwe; Feminist Perspectives (London: Zed – New York: Palgrave Straub, Michael (Eds.): Clean Power from Deserts – White Macmillan, 2006). She is also chief co-editor of the journal: Book, Club of Rome, Trans-Mediterranean Renewable En- Gender, Technology and Development. ergy Cooperation, (Hamburg: club of Rome, 2007): 23-44; “Concentrating Solar Power for Sea Water Desalination - Address: Prof. Dr. Thanh-Dam Truong, Institute of Social Studies, Kortenaerkade 12, 2518 AX The Hague, The Neth- AQUA-CSP”, in: Symposium Proceedings, Towards Innova- erlands. tive Desalination and Power Generation in Kuwait, Ku- wait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS), Email: . 9-11 December 2007: 242-256; “Sustainable Electricity and Website: . Water for Europe, Middle East and North Africa”, invited Anthony Turton (South Africa): is a unit fellow at the keynote, European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium, 28 No- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and vember 2007: (co-author Müller-Steinhagen, Hans): Con- an extraordinary professor in the Water Institute centrating Solar Power for Seawater Desalination (AQUA- at University of Pretoria. He is a product of the Water Is- CSP), Internet Publication of Final Report of the AQUA- sues Research Group at SOAS and has a D.Phil. degree in CSP Study, 12 November 2007, at: ; (co-authors Schillings, Christoph; Kronshage, Stefan; is a founding member and past president of the Universities Viebahn, Peter; May, Nadine; Paul, Christian; Klann, Partnership for Transboundary Waters, a consortium of ten Uwe; Kabariti, Malek; Bennouna, Abdelaziz; Nokraschy, universities on five continents with a special interest in Hani; Hassan, Samir; Yussef, Laila; Hasni, Tewfik; Bas- transboundary river basin management. His professional sam, Nasir; Satoguina, Honorat): Trans-Mediterranean In- background is strategic planning and political risk assess- terconnection for Concentrating Solar Power (TRANS- ment. His current research interests revolve around the CSP), Internet Publication of Final Report of the TRANS- management of rivers that cross international borders. An CSP Study, 23 June 2006, at: ; active writer, he has edited a number of books including: (co-author Schillings, Christoph; Kronshage, Stefan; Vie- Water Wars: An Enduring Myth or Impending Reality? Af- bahn, Peter; May, Nadine; Paul, Christian; Klann, Uwe; rican Dialogue Monograph Series No. 2. (Durban: Accord 1540 Authors

Publishers, 2000); (co-ed. with Hussein Solomon): Hydro- Janský): Enhancing Participation and Governance in Water politics in the Developing World: A Southern African Per- Resources Management: Conventional Approaches and In- spective (Pretoria: African Water Issues Research Unit, formation Technology (UNU Press 2006). He serves as 2002); (co-ed. with Roland Henwood); (co-ed. with Peter council member of the American Geographical Society and Ashton and Eugene Cloete): Transboundary Rivers, Sover- is past board director of the World Seismic Safety Initiative. eignty and Development: Hydropolitical Drivers in the Address: Dr. Juha I. Uitto. UNDP Evaluation Office, One Okavango River Basin (Pretoria – Geneva: AWIRU & UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA. 2003 Green Cross International, ); (co-ed. with Hanlie Hat- E-mail: . tingh, Gillian Maree, Dirk Roux, Marius Claassen and Wil- Website: and ma Strydom): Governance as a Trialogue: Government-So- . ciety-Science in Transition (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2007). He has also contributed a number of chapters to various Maria Eugenia Villarreal (Guatemala), executive director books. of End Child Prostitution, Chile Pornography and Traffick- ing of Children for Sexual Purposes (ECPAT) in Guatemala; Address: Dr. Anthony Turton, Room AB18, Building 21, Natural Resources and Environment (NRE), Council for Latin America Regional Representative of ECPAT Interna- Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 395, tional Board; council member, International Peace Re- Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa. search Association (IPRA); co-convener of the Human Rights Commission of IPRA; council member of the Global Email: . Alliance Against Traffic in Women; Landmine monitor of Website: . the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. She ob- Robin Twite (Israel) has been the director of the Water tained a PhD in sociology from Science Politique, Sorbonne and Environment Programme at the Israel Palestine Center University, Paris. Among her publications are: (co-author for Research and Information (IPCRI) since 1993. This with Rachel Brett et al): “Children: The Invisible Soldiers”, non-governmental organization is based in Jerusalem and is in: Save the Children Sweden (Ed.): Participatory Study managed jointly by Israelis and Palestinians. The Water and (Rädda Barnen: Grafiska Punkten, 1996); “Children’s Per- Environment Programme (funded by international donors) spectives on Their Working Lives”, in: Save the Children is designed to create closer relationships between Israelis Sweden (Ed.): Participatory Study in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Palestinians by giving them opportunities to work to- The Phillippines, Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua gether on environmental issues. Previously he was for thirty (Rädda Barnen, Save the Children-Sweden, Stockholm, years a career officer in the British Council during which Sweden, 1998); “Working Children: Reconsidering the De- time he served in the Middle East for a decade and as di- bates”, in: McKewchnie, Jim; Hobbs (Eds.): Participatory rector of the Council’s worldwide network of libraries and Study, Defence for Children, International Society for the information services. Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (Amsterdam 1998); Address: Robin Twite, 10 Noah Emmanuel St, Jerusalem “¿Objetos Sexuales o Sujetos Sociales? Un Acercamiento a 95103, Israel and: PO Box 9321, Jerusalem 91092, Israel. la Prostitución Infanto-Juvenil en Guatemala”, in: Email: [email protected]. Procuraduría de Derechos Humanos (Ed.): Rompamos la Website: . Cultura del Silcencio, El Maltrato y Abuso Sexual de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes en Guatemala (Guatemala: Juha I. Uitto (Finland): Ph.D. (Lund University), M.Sc. Plan International, January 2004). She has many papers and (University of Helsinki), senior evaluation adviser, United articles published in books, journals and periodicals. She Nations Development Programme (UNDP). He is a geog- presented papers at international conferences on traffick- rapher with expertise in environmental policy and govern- ing, sexual exploitation, child soldiers and human rights. ance, natural resources management, and environmental She is an activist on human rights issues. hazards and vulnerability. An international development Address: Dr. Maria Eugenia Villarreal, 11 Avenida 10-67 professional with more than twenty years of experience, he zona 2, Guatemala City, Guatemala. is an expert in programme and project management, moni- E-mail: . toring and evaluation. He currently leads the UNDP Evalu- Website: and ation Office work on country and regional programme . evaluations in Asia and Pacific, Europe and CIS, and Arab States. During his tenure with the United Nations Universi- Sascha Werthes (Germany): is a research fellow at the Insti- ty in Tokyo, Japan (1990-99), he was senior academic pro- tute of Political Science at the University of Duisburg-Essen; gramme officer on environment and sustainable develop- associate fellow at the Institute for Development and Peace ment. In this capacity, he initiated the project on urban (INEF), University Duisburg-Essen and the Centre for Con- social vulnerability with Ben Wisner. He has published peer flict Studies, Philipps-University Marburg; coordinator of reviewed articles in journals such as: Applied Geography, the Standing Working Group on Human Security at Asia Pacific Viewpoint, The Geographical Journal, Geo- Philipps-University Marburg; from 2003 to 2005 he was a graphical Review of Japan, Energy Policy, Environmental lecturer at the University Marburg and at the Brethren Col- Hazards and Global Environmental Change. His edited leges Abroad in Marburg; recipient of a PhD scholarship of books include: (with A.K. Biswas): Water for Urban Areas: the German Peace Research Foundation (DSF); MA equiva- Challenges and Perspectives (UNU Press 2000); (with Libor lent in political science. His research areas include: human Biographies of Contributors 1541 security; UN sanctions and crisis prevention; global govern- United Nations University, was on the board of the Earth- ance and world peace. Publications: Probleme und Per- quakes and Megacities Initiative (1997-2002), and worked spektiven von Sanktionen als politisches Instrument der with ISDR on school safety. He was lead author of: At Risk Vereinten Nationen (Münster: Lit-Verlag, 2003); (co-author (London: Routledge, 22004); lead editor of: Towards a with David Bosold): “Human Security in Practice: Japanese New Map of Africa (London: Earthscan, 2006). He is re- and Canadian Experiences“, in: Internationale Politik und search fellow at DESTIN, London School of Economics Gesellschaft – International Politics and Society, 1/2005: 84- and Benfield Hazard Research Centre, University College 101; (co-author with David Bosold): “Human Security and London, and visiting professor of environmental studies, Smart Sanctions – Two Means To a Common End?”, in: In- Oberlin College. He advises the Asian Disaster Prevention ternational Affairs Review, 9,2 (2006): 111-136; (co-ed. with Center, Bangkok, Reuters AlertNet in London, and the UN Tobias Debiel): Human Security on Foreign Policy Agen- University, Institute for Environment and Human Security das. Changes, Concepts and Cases. INEF Report 80/2006; (UNU-EHS), among other advisory roles. (co-ed. with Cornelia Ulbert): Menschliche Sicherheit. Glo- Address: Dr. Ben Wisner, 373 Edgemeer Place, Oberlin, OH bale Herausforderungen und regionale Perspektiven 44074, USA. 2008 (Baden-Baden: Nomos, ). E-mail: . Address: Sascha Werthes, Institute of Political Science - Uni- Website: . versity Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 65, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. Julia Wunderer (Germany), received a diploma in political science from the Free University of Berlin in 2005 with a di- E-Mail: . ploma thesis on “Conflicts on Water Resources in Central Website: . Asia“ on which the chapter in this volume is based. She Gareth M. Winrow (United Kingdom): formerly professor worked as trainee from 2005 to 2006 in the Hertie Founda- in the Department of International Relations at Istanbul tion in Frankfurt/Main and since then at the Faculty of Bilgi University. He lived and worked in Turkey for 20 Law and the International Office of Humboldt-University years having studied at the universities of Oxford (BA of Berlin. Her research interest focuses on conflict analysis, Hons. in modern history), Lancaster (MA in international environmental conflicts, and on East European countries in relations and strategic studies) and Manchester (Ph.D. in transitions. the Department of Government). A recipient of two NATO Address: Ms. Julia Wunderer, Warschauer Straße 45, 10243 Research Fellowships and of a US Institute of Peace Fellow- Berlin, Germany. ship, he is on the editorial board of the journal, Turkish Email: . Studies, and is a member of Chatham House (London). He has worked as a consultant on Turkish politics and energy Surichai Wun’Gaeo teaches sociology at Chulalongkorn and security issues. His publications include articles in jour- University. He has formerly served as deputy director of re- nals such as: Middle East Journal, Journal of Southeast Eu- search at the University’s Institute of Asian Studies. He has ropean and Black Sea Studies, Central Asian Survey, Euro- been a visiting professor at several universities including Hi- pean Security, Il Politico, Jane’s Intelligence Review, and totsubashi and Ritsumeikan Universities in Japan and Uni- Mediterranean Security. His books and monographs in- versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His main research clude: Turkey in Post-Soviet Central Asia (1995); (co-author interests are in sociology especially public participation in with Kemal Kirisci): The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An research and policy-making process. He has written and Example of a Trans-State Ethnic Conflict (1997); Turkey published extensively on topics including rural society, cul- and Caspian Energy (1999); Dialogue with the Mediterra- ture, alternative development paradigms, globalization and nean: The Role of NATO’s Mediterranean Initiative cultural identity. He received his B.A. (Hons.) in sociology (2000); Turkey and the Caucasus: Domestic Interests and from Chulalongkorn University and had his post-graduate Security Concerns (2000). studies in sociology from the University of Tokyo. He cur- rently serves as the president of the Email: . Asian Rural Sociologi- cal Association (ARSA) and is also a director of Chulalong- Ben Wisner (USA) began work in Tanzania in 1966 (living korn University Social Research Institute (CUSRI). In for 2 years in a Tanzanian ujamaa village). During 1966- addition, he is also a member of the M-Power Mekong Pro- 1995 he worked mostly in Africa on questions concerning gram on Water, Environment and Resilience. His publica- wood fuel and rural energy, water and sanitation, drought, tions include: Human Security in a Borderless World and flood, community health and food security, summarizing Rural Livelihoods and Human Insecurities in Globalizing much of this work in: Power and Need in Africa (London: Asian Economies. 1988 Earthscan, ). He has taught in the medical school of Address: Prof. Dr. Surichai Wun-Gaeo, Department of Polit- Dar es Salaam University; in geography at Eduardo Mond- ical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd, Bang- lane University, Maputo, Mozambique; at the Swiss Techni- kok 10330, Thailand. cal Institute in Zürich; New School for Social Research; Email: . Rutgers University; Hampshire College; California State Website: . ban turn in the mid 1990’s, and he lead a 4 year program on “The Geography of Urban Social Vulnerabilty” for the 1542 Authors

Michael Zammit Cutajar (Malta) was executive secretary Early Transition Periods in the Archaeology of Syria-Pale- of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change stine at the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew Univer- (1996-2002). See: Biographies of authors of forewords and sity (1993) attributed the rise and decline of ancient Near preface essays. Eastern cultures to factors beyond the scope of human ca- pability, in particular to climate change what was then flatly (Germany), Dr. rer. nat., has been working Werner Zittel rejected by academic circles. He continued working for the with (LBST) GmbH, Ottob- Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik Department of Antiquities and as lecturer for prehistory on runn since 1989. He obtained a PhD in physics while work- specialized study tours in the Balkan countries, Anatolia, ing at the Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics in and Caucasia. By 2000 he joined Prof. Arie Issar, hydroge- Garching, and at the Technical University of Darmstadt ologist at Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, with whom (1982-1987). Then he worked at the Institute for Technical he co-authored: Climate Change – Environment and Civili- Physics, of the DFVLR (now DLR) in Stuttgart (1987) and zation in the Middle East (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: from 1987-1989 he was a scientific researcher at the Fraun- Springer 2004, 2007). hofer Institute for Solid State Technology in Munich. His 12 research projects have focused on: climate change effects of Address: Dr. Mattanyah Zohar, Rehov Mishlat b, Po.B. 82548 90805 the trace gas methane (especially in Russia); external and , Mevasseret Zion, Israel. social costs of energy use in the public transport sector; Email: . studies on the energetic amortization of renewable energy generation technologies; use of hydrogen in existing natural gas grids; hydrogen production from biomass; analysis of the existing hydrogen markets; introduction scenarios for hydrogen into the energy and transport economy; funda- mental questions of the power industry; analysis of fossil resource availability and advanced hydrogen storage sy- stems for automotive use: He is a member of the Associa- tion for the Study of Peak Oil; Germanwatch e.V.; Global Challenges Network e.V.; and Vice-President of ASPO [The Association for The Study of Peak Oil and Gas] Germany e.V. Among his major publications are: Campbell, Colin J.; Liesenborghs, Frauke; Schindler, Jörg; Zittel, Werner: Öl- wechsel (München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 2002, 22007); Strobl, Wolfgang; Zittel, Werner: “Effiziente Energieanwendung – Energie und Verkehr”, in: Rebhan, E. (Ed.): Energiehandbuch – Gewinnung, Wandlung und Nutzung von Energie (Berlin – Heidelberg: Springer Ver- lag): 713-783. Address: Dr Werner Zittel, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH, Daimlerstrasse 15, 85521 München-Ottobrunn, Ger- many. Email: . Website: . Mattanyah Zohar (Israel), Ph.D, was born in Germany in 1938. As his family perished or scattered during the Nazi persecutions, he was saved when he was sent to his family in Turkey. In Turkey and India he had his basic education. During the 1950’s and 1960’s he worked as a sailor and technician in several European countries. In 1970 he immi- grated with his wife to Israel. After completing his military service, he began studying archaeology and assyriology at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He worked with the Mission archeologique Tell Yarmouth sponsored by the French C.N.R.S. Paris and with the Israel Department of Antiquities on various excavations which were published in: Israel Exploration Journal and Atiqot, The New Encyclope- dia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, The Oxford Companion to Archaeology and in several mono- graphs on the burial customs of semi-nomadic populations of the Near East, linguistics, etc. His Ph.D. dissertation: Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace (HESP)

This book series includes monographs and edited volumes that cross scientific disciplines and develop common ground among scientists from the natural and social sciences, as well as from North and South, addressing common challenges and risks for humankind in the 21st century. The ‘hexagon’ represents six key factors contributing to global environmental change – three nature-induced or supply factors: soil, water and air (atmosphere and climate), and three human-induced or demand factors: population (growth), urban systems (habitat, pollution) and rural systems (agriculture, food). Throughout the history of the earth and of homo sapiens these six factors have interacted. The supply factors have created the preconditions for life while human behaviour and economic consumption patterns have also contributed to its challenges (increase in extreme weather events) and fatal outcomes for human beings and society. The series covers the complex interactions among these six factors and their often extreme and in a few cases fatal outcomes (hazards/disasters, inter- nal displacement and migrations, crises and conflicts), as well as crucial social science con- cepts relevant for their analysis. Further issues related to three basic areas of research: approaches and schools of environ- ment, security, and peace, especially in the environmental security realm and from a human security perspective, will be addressed. The goal of this book series is to contribute to a fourth phase of research on environmental security from a normative peace research and/ or human security perspective. In this series, the editor welcomes books by natural and social scientists, as well as by multidisciplinary teams of authors. The material should address issues of global change (including climate change, desertification, deforestation), and its impacts on humankind (natural hazards and disasters), on environmentally-induced migration, on crises and conflicts, as well as for cooperative strategies to cope with these challenges either locally or in the framework of international organizations and regimes. From a human-centred perspective, this book series offers a platform for scientific communities dealing with global environmental and climate change, disaster reduction, human, environmental and gender security, peace and conflict research, as well as for the humanitarian aid and the policy community in national governments and international organizations. The series editor welcomes brief concept outlines and original manuscripts as proposals. If they are considered of relevance, these proposals will be peer-reviewed by specialists in the field from the natural and the social sciences. Inclusion in this series will also require a pos- itive decision by the publisher’s international editorial conference. Prior to publication, the manuscripts will be assessed by the series editor and external peer reviewers. Mosbach, Germany, October 2008 Hans Günter Brauch, Free University of Berlin, UNU-EHS and AFES-PRESS Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace (HESP) Edited by Hans Günter Brauch, Free University of Berlin, UNU-EHS and AFES-PRESS Vol. 1: Hans Günter Brauch, P. H. Liotta, Antonio Marquina, Paul Rogers, Mohammad El-Sayed Selim (Eds.): Security and Environment in the Mediterranean - Con- ceptualising Security and Environmental Conflicts. With Forewords by the Hon. Lord Robertson, Secretary General of NATO, and the Hon. Amre Moussa, Secretary General of the League of Arab States (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer, 2003). Vol. 2: Hillel Shuval, Hassan Dweik (Eds.): Water Resources in the Middle East: Israel- Palestinian Water Issues – from Conflict to Cooperation (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer-Verlag, 2007). Vol. 3: Hans Günter Brauch, Úrsula Oswald Spring, Czeslaw Mesjasz, John Grin, Pál Dunay, Navnita Chadha Behera, Béchir Chourou, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta (Eds.): Globalization and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in the 21st Century (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer-Verlag, 2008). Vol. 4: Hans Günter Brauch, Úrsula Oswald Spring, John Grin, Czeslaw Mesjasz, Patri- cia Kameri-Mbote, Navnita Chadha Behera, Béchir Chourou, Heinz Krummena- cher (Eds.): Facing Global Environmental Change: Environmental, Human, Energy, Food, Health and Water Security Concepts (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer-Verlag, 2009). Vol. 5: Hans Günter Brauch, Úrsula Oswald Spring, Czeslaw Mesjasz, John Grin, Patri- cia Kameri-Mbote, Béchir Chourou, Pál Dunay, Jörn Birkmann (Eds.): Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security - Threats, Challen- ges, Vulnerabilities and Risks (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer-Verlag, 2009/2010), in press. Vol. 6: Czeslaw Mesjasz: Stability, Turbulence or Chaos? Systems Thinking and Secu- rity (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer-Verlag, 2010), in preparation.

Authors or editors who would like to have their publication projects considered for inclusion in this series should contact both the series editor: PD Dr. phil. habil. Hans Günter Brauch, Alte Bergsteige 47, 74821 Mosbach, Germany Phone 49-6261-12912 FAX 49-6261-15695 E-Mail [email protected] http://www.afes-press.de http://www.afes-press-books.de/html/hexagon.htm and the publisher:

Dr. Christian Witschel, Editorial Director Geosciences, Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstraße 17, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany E-Mail [email protected] – http://www.springer.com