Better Use of Existing Transportation Facilities
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LI REcuwq, - AUG 21975 MAT. LAB. BETFER USE OF EXISTING TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES TRANSPORTATION1 RESEARCH BOARD .• NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL SPECIAL REPORT 153 I, 1975 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD Officers Milton Pikarsky, Chairman Harold L. Michael, Vice Chairman W. N. Carey, Jr., Executive Director Executive Committee Harvey Brooks Robert N. Hunter Chairman, Commission on Sociotechnical Chief Engineer, Missouri State Highway Systems, National Research Council (ex officio) Commission Asaph H. Hail Scheffer Lang Acting Federal Railroad Administrator Assistant to the President, Association of (ex officio) American Railroads Frank C. Herringer Benjamin Lax Urban Mass Transportation Administrator Director, Francis Bitter National Magnet (ex officio) Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Henrik E. Stafseth Technology Executive Director, American Association of Daniel McFadden State Highway and Transportation Officials Department of Economics, University of (ex officio) California, Berkeley Norbert T. Tiemann Harold L. Michael Federal Highway Administrator (ex officio) School of Civil Engineering, William L. Garrison Purdue University Director, Institute of Transportation and D. Grant Mickle Traffic Engineering, University of California, Highway Users Federation for Safety and Berkeley (ex officio, Past Chairman, 1973) Mobility Jay W. Brown James A. Moe Director of Road Operations, Florida Executive Engineer, Hydro and Community Department of Transportation Facilities Division, Bechtel, Inc. (ex officio, Past Chairman, 1974) Milton Pikarsky George H. Andrews Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Director, Washington Department of High ways Regional Transit Authority, Chicago Manuel Carbailo J. Philip Richley Deputy Commissioner, New Jersey Department Vice President—Transportation, Dalton, of Transportation Dalton, Little and Newport L. S. Crane Raymond T. Schuler Executive Vice President—Operations, Commissioner, New York State Department Southern Railway System of Transportation James M. Davey William K. Smith Managing Director, Detroit Metropolitan Vice President, General Mills, Inc. Wayne County Airport R. Stokes Louis J. Gambaccini Executive Director, American Public Vice President and General Manager, Transit Association Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation Percy A. Wood Alfred Hedefine Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Senior Vice President, Parsons, Brinckerh off Officer, United Air Lines Quade and Douglas, Inc. BETTER USE OF EXISTING TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES Proceethngs of the Seventh Summer Meeting of the Transportation Research Board in cooperation with the Florida Department of Transportation August 5-7, 1974 Jacksonville, Florida TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL SPECIAL REPORT 153 Washington, D.C., 1975 Transportation Research Board Special Report 153 The conference that is the subject of this report Price $9.80 was approved by the Governing Board of the National Edited for TRB by Marjorie Moore Research Council acting in behalf of the National Academy of Sciences. Such approval reflects the Governing Board's judgment that the conference is of subject areas national importance and appropriate with respect to 14 transportation finance both the purposes and resources of the National Re- 15 transportation economics search Council. 40 general maintenance The members of the committee selected to organize 51 highway safety the conference and to supervise the preparation of this 52 road user characteristics report were chosen for recognized scholarly compe- 53 traffic control and operations tence and with due consideration for the balance of 55 traffic measurements disciplines appropriate to the project. 82 urban community values Responsibility for the selection of the participants 83 urban land use in the conference and for any summaries oi recommen- 84 urban transportation systems dations in this report rests with that committee. The views expressed in individual papers and attributed to the authors of those papers are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the commit- tee, the Transportation Research Board, the National Transportation Research Board publications are Academy of Sciences, or the sponsors of the project. available by ordering directly from the Board. They Each report issuing from such a conference of the are also obtainable on.a regular basis through organiza- National Research Council is reviewed by an indepen- tional or individual supporting membership in the dent group of qualified individuals according to pro- Board; members or library subscribers are eligible for cedures established and monitored by the Report Re- substantial discounts. For further information, write view Committeeof the National Academy. of Sciences. to the Transportation Research Board, National Academy Distribution of the report is approved by the President of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washing- of the Academy upon satisfactory completion of the ton, D.C. 20418. review process. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA National Research Council. Transportation Research Board. Better use of existing transportation facilities. - (Special report—Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; 153) 1. Transportation—Congresses. I. Florida. Dept. of Transportation. II. Title. III. Series: National Research Council. Transportation Research Board. Special report—Transportation Research Board; 153. HE11.N36 1975 380.5 75-17628 ISBN 0.309-02381-5 - Contents Foreword.................................. .....................vii Part 1. The Management Approach Compartrnentation as a Tool to Reduce Traffic Congestion and Improve the Enviroliment Curt M. Elmberg ....................................... ... .. ... 1' Getting the Most Out of a Freeway System A. C. Estep and Karl Moskowitz .................................10 Making the Most of What We Have EdwardM. Hall .............................................. -19 Part 2. Level-of-Service Improvements Review of Research on Controlling the Level of Service on Urban Freeways William R. McCasland ....................................... 26 Park and Ride: The Dallas Program 0 John J. DeShazo, Jr ................................................. 32 Part 3. Public Transportation Bus Priority Strategies and Traffic Simulation Ann Muzyka ............................................... 39 Part 4. Signalized Intersection Performance Intersection Capacity 1974: An Overview AdolfD. May . 50 Better Use of Signals Under Oversaturated Flows Bumjung Lee, Kenneth W. Crowley, and Louis J. Pignataro ...............60 A New Approach for Specifying Delay-Based Traffic Signal Warrants Edward B. Lieberman and Reuben B. Goldblatt ........................73 Part 5. Facility Improvement and Maintenance The Effect of Traffic Lane Closures on the Highway Motorist B. C. Butler ................................................84 Toll Agency Concepts of Project Acceleration William Rohde .............................................. 95 Traffic -Handling Procedures During Maintenance and Reconstruction to Promote Safety and Minimize Delays Charles McLean .............................................100 An Approach to Concrete Pavement Replacement That Minimizes Disruption of Traffic R. F. Grimsley and B. G. Morris ..................................107 Advance Planning for Emergency Handling of Highway Traffic Elmo C. Meister ..............................................111 Part 6. Better Management of Traffic Incidents . Better Management of Traffic Incidents: Scope of the Problem. Conrad L. Dudek ............................................116 Incident Surveillance and Control on Chicago-Area Freeways Joseph M. McDermott ........................................123 Alternate Route Planning: Successful Incident Traffic Management David H. Roper, Richard J. Murphy, and Robert F. Zimowski .............141 Experience in Handling Freeway Corridor Incidents in Houston WilLiam H. McCasland ....................................... 145 System Challenges of Traffic Incident Management H.. Nathan Yagoda and Bernard Adler .............................. 156 Part 7. Peak Demand Reduction Work Schedule Changes to Reduce Peak Transportation Demand Brendan W. O'Malley ......................................... 166 Pricing and Transportation Capacity Herbert Mohring ............................................. 183 Changes in Population Distribution and Automobile Ownership and Implications for Urban Transportation IrvingHoch ................................................ 196 Recent Observations on the Effect of Gasoline Price and Supply Eugene J. Lessieu and Arnold Karvasarsky .......................... 214 Part 8. Highway Safety Programs Legislation for Increased Highway Safety W.. A. Goodwin and J. B. Phillips, Jr . 223 Making Better Use of Existing Facilities Through Highway Safety Improvements Roy E. Jorgensen ............................................ 229 Highway Safety Program: A Status Report R. Clarke Bennett ........................................... 237 Manpower Allocation and Countermeasure Evaluation Gregory L. Goodson .......................................... 241 The Jacksonville Emergency Methcal System: A Model for the Seventies John M. Waters ............................................. 245 Sponsorship of This Special Report ................................ 250 vii Foreword This Special Report contains papers presented at the Seventh Summer Meeting of the Transportation Research Board held inJacksonville, Florida, August