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A Retrospective of Preservation Practice and the New York City Subway System
Under the Big Apple: a Retrospective of Preservation Practice and the New York City Subway System by Emma Marie Waterloo This thesis/dissertation document has been electronically approved by the following individuals: Tomlan,Michael Andrew (Chairperson) Chusid,Jeffrey M. (Minor Member) UNDER THE BIG APPLE: A RETROSPECTIVE OF PRESERVATION PRACTICE AND THE NEW YORK CITY SUBWAY SYSTEM A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Emma Marie Waterloo August 2010 © 2010 Emma Marie Waterloo ABSTRACT The New York City Subway system is one of the most iconic, most extensive, and most influential train networks in America. In operation for over 100 years, this engineering marvel dictated development patterns in upper Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx. The interior station designs of the different lines chronicle the changing architectural fashion of the aboveground world from the turn of the century through the 1940s. Many prominent architects have designed the stations over the years, including the earliest stations by Heins and LaFarge. However, the conversation about preservation surrounding the historic resource has only begun in earnest in the past twenty years. It is the system’s very heritage that creates its preservation controversies. After World War II, the rapid transit system suffered from several decades of neglect and deferred maintenance as ridership fell and violent crime rose. At the height of the subway’s degradation in 1979, the decision to celebrate the seventy-fifth anniversary of the opening of the subway with a local landmark designation was unusual. -
April 2011 Bulletin.Pub
TheNEW YORK DIVISION BULLETIN - APRIL, 2011 Bulletin New York Division, Electric Railroaders’ Association Vol. 54, No. 4 April, 2011 The Bulletin IRT ADOPTED LABOR-SAVING DEVICES Published by the New 90 YEARS AGO York Division, Electric Railroaders’ Association, In the January, 2011 issue, we explained required about 1,000 turnstiles. Incorporated, PO Box 3001, New York, New how IRT avoided bankruptcy by reducing In 1921, IRT and BRT were experimenting York 10008-3001. dividends and payments to subsidiaries. In with various types of door control by which this issue, we will explain how the company one Guard could operate and close several perfected labor-saving devices. doors in a train simultaneously. This type of For general inquiries, About 1920, the Transit Commission was electrical door control has allowed the use of contact us at nydiv@ erausa.org or by phone investigating the advantages of installing automatic devices to prevent doors from at (212) 986-4482 (voice turnstiles in IRT’s subway stations. This in- closing and injuring passengers who would mail available). The stallation could reduce operating expenses have been injured by hand-operated doors. Division’s website is and improve efficiency of operation. Since The experiments established additional www.erausa.org/ the subway was opened in 1904, the com- safety. Movement of the train was prevented nydiv.html. pany used tickets at each station and can- until all doors were closed. These experi- Editorial Staff: celled these tickets by having passengers ments in multiple door control, which were Editor-in-Chief: place them in a manually operated chopping continuing, resulted in refinements and im- Bernard Linder box. -
August 2015 ERA Bulletin.Pub
The ERA BULLETIN - AUGUST, 2015 Bulletin Electric Railroaders’ Association, Incorporated Vol. 58, No. 8 August, 2015 The Bulletin TWO ANNIVERSARIES — Published by the Electric SEA BEACH AND STEINWAY TUNNEL Railroaders’ Association, Incorporated, PO Box The first Brooklyn Rapid Transit (BRT) was incorporated on August 29, 1896. 3323, New York, New steel cars started operating in revenue ser- BRT acquired the company’s stock on or York 10163-3323. N about November 5, 1897. The line was elec- vice on the Sea Beach Line (now ) and the new Fourth Avenue Subway one hundred trified with overhead trolley wire at an un- For general inquiries, years ago, June 22, 1915. Revenue opera- known date. contact us at bulletin@ tion began at noon with trains departing from A March 1, 1907 agreement allowed the erausa.org . ERA’s Chambers Street and Coney Island at the company to operate through service from the website is th www.erausa.org . same time. Two– and three-car trains were Coney Island terminal to 38 Street and New routed via Fourth Avenue local tracks and Utrecht Avenue. Starting 1908 or earlier, nd Editorial Staff: southerly Manhattan Bridge tracks. trains operate via the Sea Beach Line to 62 Editor-in-Chief : On March 31, 1915, Interborough Rapid Street and New Utrecht Avenue, the West Bernard Linder End (now D) Line, and the Fifth Avenue “L.” Tri-State News and Transit, Brooklyn Rapid Transit, and Public Commuter Rail Editor : Service Commission officials attended BRT’s Sea Beach cars were coupled to West End Ronald Yee exhibit of the new B-Type cars, nicknamed or Culver cars. -
July 2013 ERA Bulletin.Pub
The ERA BULLETIN - JULY, 2013 Bulletin Electric Railroaders’ Association, Incorporated Vol. 56, No. 7 July, 2013 The Bulletin IND CONCOURSE LINE OPENED 80 YEARS AGO Published by the Electric Concourse trains started running July 1, ient trolley transfer point. There were railings Railroaders’ Association, 1933, less than a year after the Eighth Ave- protecting low-level platforms, which were Incorporated, PO Box 3323, New York, New nue Subway was opened. Construction cost adjacent to the trolley tracks in the center of York 10163-3323. about $33 million and the additional cars cost the roadway. Four stairways led to the area $11,476,000. near the turnstiles on the subway platforms. Subway construction started in 1928 and The 170th Street underpass was also re- For general inquiries, was completed five years later. Details are built. In the new underpass, there were Bx-11 contact us at bulletin@ erausa.org or by phone shown in the following table: bus stops on the sidewalks under the subway at (212) 986-4482 (voice station. Four stairways provided access to FIRST WORK mail available). ERA’s CONTRACT COMPLETED the area near the turnstiles on the subway website is AWARDED platforms. Third Avenue Railway’s records www.erausa.org. reveal that the Kingsbridge Road underpass Subway Con- June 4, 1928 July 31, 1933 was also rebuilt. Cars ceased operating in Editorial Staff: struction Editor-in-Chief: the old underpass on April 25, 1930 and re- Bernard Linder Station Finish February 13, May 31, 1933 sumed service on February 20, 1931 west- News Editor: 1931 bound and February 25, 1931 eastbound. -
May 2011 Bulletin.Pub
TheNEW YORK DIVISION BULLETIN - MAY, 2011 Bulletin New York Division, Electric Railroaders’ Association Vol. 54, No. 5 May, 2011 The Bulletin TWO ANNIVERSARIES— Published by the New DYRE AVENUE AND NASSAU STREET York Division, Electric Railroaders’ Association, 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF DYRE from the same terminal five minutes later and Incorporated, PO Box 3001, New York, New AVENUE SERVICE the first revenue train followed at 11:56 AM. York 10008-3001. On May 15, 1941, IRT trains started operat- There was no midnight service when gate ing in the Bronx on the former New York, trains started running in 1941. Two-car trains Westchester & Boston Railway right-of-way. provided shuttle service until through service For general inquiries, began in 1957. Transit Authority statistics contact us at nydiv@ Northeast Bronx residents were finally able to erausa.org or by phone enjoy rapid transit that was promised, but indicate that fares were always collected at at (212) 986-4482 (voice delayed for several years. each station and by Conductors on the trains. mail available). The When the IND Concourse Line was built, It is believed that passengers deposited their Division’s website is the City expected to extend it via Burke Ave- fares in the turnstiles at the stations during www.erausa.org/ rush hours and that the Conductors collected nydiv.html. nue and Boston Road to Baychester Avenue. But the City ran out of money during the De- fares on the shuttles when riding was light. Editorial Staff: pression and the line was never built. It At first, riding remained nearly constant be- Editor-in-Chief: chose the cheaper alternative, rehabilitation cause no new housing was built during World Bernard Linder War II. -
The City of New York Office of the Mayor New York, Ny 10007
THE CITY OF NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE MAYOR NEW YORK, NY 10007 THE US HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON SPACE, SCIENCE, & TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT Testimony of Susanne DesRoches, Deputy Director for Infrastructure and Energy, New York City Mayor’s Office of Resiliency. Tuesday, May 21, 2019 I. INTRODUCTION Good morning. My name is Susanne DesRoches and I am the Deputy Director for Infrastructure and Energy for the New York City Mayor’s Office of Resiliency. On behalf of the Mayor and the City of New York, I would like to thank Chair Sherrill and Ranking Member Norman for the opportunity to speak today about the City’s challenges, accomplishments, and opportunities to build a more resilient transportation network that will benefit New Yorkers and the nation’s economy as a whole. Nearly seven years ago, Hurricane Sandy hit New York City with unprecedented force, tragically killing 44 New Yorkers,1 and causing over $19 billion in damages and lost economic activity. Neighborhoods were devastated: 88,700 buildings were flooded; 23,400 businesses were impacted; and our region’s infrastructure was seriously disrupted.2 Over 2,000,000 residents were without power for weeks and fuel shortages persisted for over a month.3 Cross river subway and rail tunnels vital to the movement of people and goods were closed for days. Our airports were closed to passenger and freight traffic, and our ports sustained substantial damage to physical infrastructure as well as goods stored at their facilities. In short, Sandy highlighted New York City’s vulnerability to climate change and rising seas and underscores the urgency of the actions we’ve taken since then to build a stronger, more resilient city. -
Queens East River & North Shore Greenway Master Plan
Queens East River & North Shore Greenway Master Plan NYC Department of City Planning • 2006 Queens East River & North Shore Greenway Master Plan Queens East River and North Shore Greenway Master Plan New York City Department of City Planning New York City Department of Parks & Recreation 2006 2006 • NYC Department of Parks & Recreation Queens East River & North Shore Greenway Master Plan Project PIN X500.97 The preparation of this report was fi nanced in part through funds from the U.S.Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The contents of this report refl ect the views of the author, who is responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented within. The contents do not necessarily refl ect the offi cial views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specifi cation, or regulation. NYC Department of City Planning • 2006 Queens East River & North Shore Greenway Master Plan Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................1 Project Description ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Study Area -
Report by the Chief Engineer Submitting For
RANS IT CON STRUCTI ON COMMI SSI O N ER A Report e by th Chief Engineer submitting fer ' Ceihpr ehensive Rapid Tr ansitPlan Cever ing all Bor oughsof the City of New Yor k Ti anlsil Coizstmaion C om mission er of August O ""I CE O"T RLANS IT CONST RUCTI ON COMMI SS I ONER oh n H: DW DAN " RNE R " , IEL “ TU . Chie f E n inz er I N T R O D U CT I O N For p rope r muni cipal growth and development wel l - cons i dered City pl ann ing i s N absolutely essent ial . o sati s factory C i ty pl an can be dev ised w ithout giving proper study to t rans it requi rement s and facil i ti es . I n f act , w i thout p roper and adequa te trans i t ser v ice no rmal mun ic ipal growth i s certain to be retarded an d abnormal and con gested cond it ions develop in certain metropol i tan dist r icts and strangulation o f grow th resul ts i n neglected areas . The T ran si t Construct ion Com m iss ioner , real iz ing the necess i ty o f an orderly development o f rapi d trans i t l ines i n al l sect ion s o f the C i ty , author ized Ch ie f Engineer t Dan iel L . Turner o study an d formul ate a pl an representing h is concept ion o f the 29th problem and its sol ution . -
The Municipal Engineers of the City of New York
The Municipal Engineers of the City of New York PRESIDENT Chris Sklavounakis, P.E. CELEBRATING THE 107TH YEAR 2009 DINNER-DANCE FIRST VICE PRESIDENT Paul Nietzschmann, P.E. The Municipal Engineers of the City of New York will celebrate their Annual SECOND VICE PRESIDENT Dinner-Dance and Installation of Officers at Terrace on the Park in Flushing Michael Soliman, P.E. Meadow Park. The affair will take place on Friday, November 20, 2009. SECRETARY Paul Nietzschmann, P.E., and Michael Soliman, P.E., have been nominated as Bharat Parekh, P.E. President and First Vice President respectively. TREASURER This year we will be honoring Russell Holcomb, P.E., of the New York City Frank Mondello, P.E. Department of Transportation. As Deputy Chief Engineer of the Bridge DIRECTORS Division’s Bureau of Maintenance, Inspection and Operation, Mr. Holcomb Term Expires Nov. 2009 oversees the in-house staff of approximately 500 professional engineers, Tertulien Augustin, P.E. tradespersons and administrative personnel who inspect, repair and maintain Hugh Galloway, P.E. the 757 fixed bridges, including the Brooklyn, Manhattan, Williamsburg and Mark Klein, P.E. Queensboro Bridges, 25 movable bridges and 6 ventilated tunnels that make Eric MacFarlane, P.E. up the New York City Department of Transportation’s inventory. Mr. Paul Roppa, P.E. Holcomb’s Bureau frequently provides technical and logistical support to other Jonathan Rubin, R.A. City and State Agencies during times of emergency. Term Expires Nov. 2010 Husam Ahmad, P.E. Mr. Holcomb received a Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering from Louis Albano, P.E. Manhattan College in 1972 and a Master of Science in Civil Engineering from Suresh K. -
April 2005 Bulletin.Pub
TheNEW YORK DIVISION BULLETIN - APRIL, 2005 Bulletin New York Division, Electric Railroaders’ Association Vol. 48, No. 4 April, 2005 The Bulletin NYC TRANSIT’S BASE FARE WAS UNCHANGED; Published by the New York Division, Electric METROCARD PRICES ROSE ON FEBRUARY 27 Railroaders’ Association, Incorporated, PO Box Because of a large deficit and inadequate • Grand Central 3001, New York, New subsidies, NYC Transit raised the price of • Broadway-Nassau Street York 10008-3001. MetroCards on February 27, 2005 as follows: • Woodhaven Boulevard, Queens Boule- TYPE OF PREVIOUS PRESENT vard Line For general inquiries, METROCARD • Kings Highway, Brighton Line contact us at nydiv@ th 7-day $21 $24 • 168 Street, Broadway Line electricrailroaders.org or st by phone at (212) 986- • 161 Street-Yankee Stadium 30-day $70 $76 th 4482 (voice mail • 149 Street-Grand Concourse available). ERA’s 7-day express bus $33 $41 • New Utrecht Avenue/62nd Street, West website is End/Sea Beach Lines www.electricrailroaders. Fourteen Station Agents were selected and org. Grace periods extended to March 7 for 7- trained for their new assignments. They wear day regular or express bus cards and April 3 Editorial Staff: special uniforms with maroon blazers, and for 30-day MetroCards. Editor-in-Chief: carry customer service kits, RTO radios, and Bernard Linder The two-dollar subway and local bus fare portable transmitters. Nine work the AM tour, News Editor: was not changed, but the express bus fare Randy Glucksman one works on the PM, and four cover vacan- was increased from $4 to $5. Passengers Contributing Editor: cies. Jeffrey Erlitz buying a ten-dollar MetroCard will find that it is encoded for $12 and riders investing larger FARE COLLECTION Production Manager: amounts will still receive the same 20% dis- When New York’s first subway opened a David Ross count. -
Rail Transit Capacity
7UDQVLW&DSDFLW\DQG4XDOLW\RI6HUYLFH0DQXDO PART 3 RAIL TRANSIT CAPACITY CONTENTS 1. RAIL CAPACITY BASICS ..................................................................................... 3-1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 3-1 Grouping ..................................................................................................................... 3-1 The Basics................................................................................................................... 3-2 Design versus Achievable Capacity ............................................................................ 3-3 Service Headway..................................................................................................... 3-4 Line Capacity .......................................................................................................... 3-5 Train Control Throughput....................................................................................... 3-5 Commuter Rail Throughput .................................................................................... 3-6 Station Dwells ......................................................................................................... 3-6 Train/Car Capacity...................................................................................................... 3-7 Introduction............................................................................................................. 3-7 Car Capacity........................................................................................................... -
NYCTA Photo Print Collection 2005 48
New York Transit Museum Archives NTCTA Photo Unit Collection Finding Aid Accession: #2005.48 The New York Transit Museum Archives 130 Livingston St. • Brooklyn, NY 11201-5106 Phone (718) 694-1068 Finding Aid for NYCTA Photo Unit Collection 2005.48 SUMMARY INFORMATION CREATORS: New York City Transit Authority Photographic Unit TITLE: NYCTA Photo Unit Collection DEPOSITOR: New York City Transit Authority Photographic Unit INCLUSIVE DATES: 1947-1984 QUANTITY: 7 linear feet of photographs, negatives and contact sheets SCOPE & CONTENT NOTE Photographs were taken of NYCTA events for promotional purposes and the internal monthly staff publication Transit . Photographs include fundraising events, award ceremonies, retirement parties, personnel clubs, political events, construction and maintenance, inaugurations, groundbreakings and other staff activities. ARRANGEMENT Photographic prints are organized chronologically. Negatives are organized by their negative number. LOCATION New York Transit Museum Archives NTCTA Photo Unit Collection Finding Aid Accession: #2005.48 New York Transit Museum Archives, 130 Livingston Street Room C42, Brooklyn, NY 11201 FOLDER LEVEL LISTING BOX 1: 1947 ─1961 • Porter’s school, 5 th Ave. and 42 nd St., Routes 35 and 47 – 1947 • Safety awards: Castleton Bus Garage, IND model of float award of honor for safety, Bergen Street trolley shop, Plaque awards at DeKalb Ave. shop, ENY garage, Castleton depot, Maspeth depot, Jay St., 53 rd St. power house – 1949−1958 • 3rd Ave. El – 1950−1951 • Board property photos: Myrtle, Wyckoff, and Flatbush Aves.; Williams Place; Eastern Parkway; Church, Fanchon, and Bogart Streets – 1951 • Route 103, stations 1,2, and 3 – 1951 • Bus garage diagrams: ENY shop, Sunset Bus Garage – 1948, 1952 • Beach Channel Bridge – 1953 • Pitkin Yard substation – 1953 • Safety yards: 207 th St., 239 th St., White Plains Road – 1953−1954 • Diagrams and charts: Passenger distribution by hours for a typical weekday in • 1956 and 1960, Revenue passengers for Dyre Ave.