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The Dichotomy Between British and American Women Auxiliary Pilots of World War II
Straighten Up and Fly Right: The Dichotomy between British and American Women Auxiliary Pilots of World War II Brighid Klick A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN March 31, 2014 Advised by Professor Kali Israel TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... ii Military Services and Auxiliaries ................................................................................. iii Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Introduction of Women Pilots to the War Effort…….... ..................... 7 Chapter Two: Key Differences ..................................................................................... 37 Chapter Three: Need and Experimentation ................................................................ 65 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 91 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 98 ii Acknowledgements I would first like to express my gratitude to my adviser Professor Israel for her support from the very beginning of this project. It was her willingness to write a letter of recommendation for a student she had just met that allowed -
Lord Healey CH MBE PC
ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 31 (Incorporating the Proceedings of the Bomber Command Association’s 60th Anniversary Symposium) 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Photographs credited to MAP have been reproduced by kind permission of Military Aircraft Photographs. Copies of these, and of many others, may be obtained via http://www.mar.co.uk First published in the UK in 2004 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Typeset by Creative Associates 115 Magdalen Road Oxford OX4 1RS Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 CONTENTS RECOLLECTIONS OF A SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 4 DEFENCE – The Rt Hon The Lord Healey CH MBE PC HOW DECISIVE WAS THE ROLE OF ALLIED AIR POWER 17 IN THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC, 1941-1945? by Sqn Ldr S I Richards SUMMARY OF THE MINUTES OF THE SEVENTEENTH 47 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE CLUB ON 10 JUNE 2003 FEEDBACK 51 DEREK WOOD – AN OBITUARY 55 BOOK REVIEWS 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOMBER COMMAND 82 ASSOCIATION 60TH ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM HELD AT THE RAF MUSEUM, HENDON ON 12 OCTOBER 2002 UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF AIR MSHL SIR JOHN CURTISS KCB KBE 4 RECOLLECTIONS OF A SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE The Rt Hon The Lord Healey CH MBE PC I should perhaps start by saying that there is no specific theme to what I have to say. -
The US Army Air Forces in WWII
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Air Force Historical Studies Office 28 June 2011 Errata Sheet for the Air Force History and Museum Program publication: With Courage: the United States Army Air Forces in WWII, 1994, by Bernard C. Nalty, John F. Shiner, and George M. Watson. Page 215 Correct: Second Lieutenant Lloyd D. Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 218 Correct Lieutenant Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 357 Correct Hughes, Lloyd D., 215, 218 To: Hughes, Lloyd H., 215, 218 Foreword In the last decade of the twentieth century, the United States Air Force commemorates two significant benchmarks in its heritage. The first is the occasion for the publication of this book, a tribute to the men and women who served in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War 11. The four years between 1991 and 1995 mark the fiftieth anniversary cycle of events in which the nation raised and trained an air armada and com- mitted it to operations on a scale unknown to that time. With Courage: U.S.Army Air Forces in World War ZZ retells the story of sacrifice, valor, and achievements in air campaigns against tough, determined adversaries. It describes the development of a uniquely American doctrine for the application of air power against an opponent's key industries and centers of national life, a doctrine whose legacy today is the Global Reach - Global Power strategic planning framework of the modern U.S. Air Force. The narrative integrates aspects of strategic intelligence, logistics, technology, and leadership to offer a full yet concise account of the contributions of American air power to victory in that war. -
Don Fernando Cordero Rusque
Revista Aerohistoria del Instituto de Investigaciones Histórico Aeronáuticas de Chile - Febrero 2020 Pág. 2 Editorial El año recién pasado, recuerdo haber encabezado el editorial de nuestra revista Aerohistoria, con la siguiente sentencia: “Quienes defienden el uso de grafitis por doquier, argumentando que es una expresión de arte, están …más perdidos que el teniente Bello”. Ahora, transcurridos estos doce meses, en donde nuestra Patria casi toda, se ha visto expuesta a vejámenes, inacción, indolencia y desidia nunca antes sospechados, vemos con impavidez, la diferente reacción que emerge de entre las autoridades encargadas de la custodia patrimonial versus la de los ciudadanos, ante el deterioro del patrimonio nacional, que arteros ataques acompañados de desvergonzados y desafiantes grafitis, amenazan, ofenden y destruyen por doquier. Quienes los realizan, lejos de usar solamente los llamados espacios públicos, invaden muchas de las veces sin consideración o respeto alguno, los espacios privados que muchos chilenos nos esmeramos en cuidar y mantener como un testimonio cultural o simplemente como un legado para la posteridad. Sepan que este bajo y cruel actuar, ya no “está de moda”, ya no es una expresión de lo que se autodenomina opinión y decisión popular, ni menos es arte ni registro de él. El “arte del pueblo y para el pueblo”, ese que no necesita permiso final para su libre ejecución, se basa en una expresión de cariño y entrega, no es nunca de amenaza, ni menos atenta contra los valores y respeto patrio. Esta disculpa de algunas autoridades competentes, es simplemente una mentira, una falacia que atropella la inteligencia que además, menoscaba el verdadero patrimonio de este pueblo, puesto que finalmente destruye sus cimientos, argumentando una malentendida libertad de expresión, que socialmente exime los deberes y los derechos, sin el menor respeto a lo que otros, entendemos como una herencia que debe ser cuidada y resguardada. -
Efm 2021 Chile at the Co-Production Market CHILE at Efm 2021 Co-Production Market
chile at THE efm 2021 chile at THE co-production market CHILE AT efm 2021 co-production market LAnd of savages LA TIERRA DE LOS SALVAJES 100 min Chile Land of Savages by Fernando Guzzoni DIRECTOR fiction · thriller Fernando Guzzoni state − in development [email protected] looking for − co-production Chile, 1830. Jan is a slave owner haunted screenplay by ominous nightmares and his dark past. Fernando Guzzoni & Pablo Manzi When awake, he must deal with rebellions and a growing abolitionist movement that threatens his power. producers production company Juan de Dios Larraín, Pablo Larraín Fabula & Rocío Jadue [email protected] sales agent New Europe Film Sale [email protected] CO-PRODUCTION MARKET chile at THE efm 2021 visitors program CHILE AT efm 2021 visitors program FELIPE AZÚA PABLO CALISTO PRODUCER · avispa cine PRODUCER · equeco Felipe Azúa, founder of Avispa Cine, Pablo Calisto is a film producer that in has worked for more than 10 years 2016 created EQUECO with the aim of in shorts and features with a socially empowering young authors with fresh conscious viewpoint that have premiered and daring points of views. His projects in Cannes Cinéfondation and Clermont- have participated in international markets Ferrant, among other festivals. In 2016 and event such as EAVE Puentes, he produced The Firstborn by Carlos Guadalajara, Locarno Industry Days; as Leiva, that won Best Director in Sanfic well as films awarded in festivals like after a succesful run in Latin American Clermont Ferrand, Biarritz and Miami. development workshops. Currently he is He has worked in film distribution and working on three feature films including as a producer of SANFIC Industry. -
Paris Louvre Apologises for Abu Dhabi Map Distortion
BUSINESS | Page 1 SPORT | Page 1 Qatar can compensate for Russia INDEX DOW JONES QE NYMEX QATAR 2-9, 24 COMMENT 22, 23 Ooredoo rolls out the absence: REGION 9 BUSINESS 1-9, 15-20 ‘fastest, widest’ 4G 24,914.49 8,651.48 63.48 ARAB WORLD 10 CLASSIFIED 10-14 +568.74 -186.17 -0.67 INTERNATIONAL 11-21 SPORTS 1-7 coverage in Myanmar Sanchez +2.34% -2.11% -1.04% Latest Figures published in QATAR since 1978 WEDNESDAY Vol. XXXVIII No. 10722 February 7, 2018 Jumada I 21, 1439 AH GULF TIMES www. gulf-times.com 2 Riyals PM meets Algerian energy minister Paris Louvre In brief apologises QATAR | Offi cial for Abu Dhabi Emir greets Queen on accession anniversary His Highness the Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani and His Highness map distortion the Deputy Emir Sheikh Abdullah bin Hamad al-Thani sent yesterday cables of congratulations to HM Queen zLaunches inquiry into a new one to Abu Dhabi, surely the @ Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on exhibition of map MuseeLouvre is not okay with this?” the occasion of the anniversary of her she wrote. accession to the throne. HE the Prime Minister and Interior Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa al-Thani met Algerian Energy Minister that omitted Qatar Last year, the UAE paid France’s Mustapha Guitouni and his accompanying delegation in Doha yesterday. During the meeting, the two sides reviewed ways to iconic Louvre Museum a whopping QATAR | Offi cial enhance the co-operation between the two countries, especially in the field of energy. -
Air and Space Museum Paris-Le Bourget Airport
AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM PARIS-LE BOURGET AIRPORT PRESS KIT AMY JOHNSON EXHIBITION The fate of a heroine 17th May to 31st August 2014 Press Kit— Air and Space museum - « Amy Johnson » 1 CONTENTS 1. THE AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM OF PARIS-LE BOURGET 2. SYNOPSIS AND MAP OF THE EXHIBITION 3. AMY JOHNSON 4. BETWEEN-THE-WARS HALL 6. VISITOR INFORMATION AND CONTACT Amy Johnson on board during the raid England-Australia in 1930, Collection musée de l’Air et de l’Espace - Le Bourget / Monde et Caméra, MC 23340 Press Kit— Air and Space museum - « Amy Johnson » 2 LE1. THE MUSEE AIR DE AND L’AIR SPACE ET DE L’ESPACEMUSEUM he Air and Space museum is located at the Paris-Le Bourget airport, which is the leading European airport for business aviation, and is one of the oldest and most important Air and Space museum in the world. It was inaugurated in 1919 and presents outstanding historical heritage that includes the three main aeronautical areas: balloon/airship flight, aviation and space navigation. Its collections include more than 400 aircraft, out of which 150 are on display, from the earliest Taircraft to the Concorde, such as the Bréguet XIX “Point d’interrogation” or the unforgettable Supermarine Spitfire. Besides aircraft, the collections include engines, propellers, equipment, lots of graphical works of art, toys, miniatures and models, uniforms, pictures and archives. As a link between past and future, the Air and Space museum of Le Bourget is a living place: there are numerous cultural events, frequent addition of new items to existing collections, activities for the benefit of all public categories, such as the area “Planète Pilote” devoted to children, area hire for corporate events, films and pictures shooting, etc. -
“STOWAWAY” by BETTY DREWRY (Served in ATA from 02/06/1942 To
“STOWAWAY” BY BETTY DREWRY (Served in ATA from 02/06/1942 to 17/01/1945) Elizabeth Drewry Recollections (The Stowaway) [2013.35.2.1] FOREWORD BY CHRISTOPHER DREWRY (Betty’s half-brother) In November 1943 a 24 year old English girl hit the headlines of the national and international press. In the years immediately preceding the Second World War she had received a comfortable and privileged upbringing and had started a career as a ballet dancer but from the outbreak of war she had been desperately trying to learn to fly so that she could contribute to the war effort by becoming a female pilot ferrying military aircraft for the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA). Every conceivable form of prevarication, bureaucracy and discrimination had been applied to frustrate her attempts to secure a flying course in Britain but she was determined not to be beaten. She had become an aviation mechanic servicing Liberator bombers while she waited in vain for the promised flying training which never materialised. Finally her frustration boiled over and, hearing that the prospects for being trained to fly were better on the other side of the Atlantic, she stowed away one night in the nose-wheel of a bomber leaving Scotland and climbed out into a hangar at Montreal, Canada 19 hours later. The first anyone knew about it at home was when the press descended onto her parents’ doorstep. Having managed to avoid deportation by the skin of her teeth, she succeeded in working her way across Canada and, after appealing to no less a person than President Roosevelt’s wife, into America where she eventually acquired a civil pilot’s licence. -
Los Vascos De Francia En Chile
237 Tomo I – Comabtientes Vascos Combatientes Vascos en las dos Guerras Mundiales Patricio Legarraga “Le 07 Mai 1916 devant Verdun aprés eu son frére tué a ses cotés par un obus et avoir été lui méme gravement blessé à la téte il continua à participer à la défense et refuta d´aller se faire panser disant: a Mon frére et moi sommes venus du Chili pour défendre la France; mon frére a laissé sa vie aussi-je y laisser la mienne je resterai à mon poste d´honneur jusqu´au bout”. Citation à l´ordre de la V armée en date du 25 Octobre 1916 Jules Alfred Georges de Goyeneche Yver * 1885 Traiguén, + 1917 Meuse I. LA PRIMERA GUERRA MUNDIAL (1914-1918) Más de 1 millón de soldados fallecieron por Francia durante el conflicto 14-18. Todos esos soldados por sus edades, sus orígenes, sus grados son diferentes. Las circunstancias, los lugares de sus fallecimiento son variados, algunos fallecieron en la batalla de Verdun en 1916, otros enfermos en un hospital de Bélgica en 1918 o por heridas en los Dardanelos en 1915. En las páginas siguientes establecidos en base a diferentes fuentes de información y principalemnete con el Ministére de la Défense y su base “Mémoire des Hommes” y los registros de reclutamiento militar del departamento Pyrénées Atlantiques, pretende ilustrar la participación de los soldados vascos-franceses nacidos en Francia y emigrados a Chile, como también de sus descendientes nacidos en Chile durante la Gran Guerra. 1. Introducción La Primera Guerra mundial, también conocida como Gran Guerra, fue una guerra desarrollada principalmente en Europa, que dio comienzo el 28 de julio de 1914 y finalizó el 11 de noviembre de 1918, cuando Alemania pidió el armisticio y más tarde el 28 de junio de 1919, los países en guerra firmaron el Tratado de Versailles. -
The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP): Marvelous Women with Their Eyes on the Stars
The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP): Marvelous Women With Their Eyes on the Stars Anne Wensley Senior Thesis Department of History Barnard College, Columbia University Professor Carl Wennerlind April 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “With the new day comes new strength and new thoughts” - Eleanor Roosevelt I’ve had the incredible privilege of growing up with a phenomenal, strong female role model: my mom, Lieutenant Colonel Laura Theodorson. When I was born, she was stationed on active duty at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey, eight years into what would become twenty-eight years of service in the U.S. Air Force. Twenty years ago, my mom transitioned to the Air Force Reserve at McChord Air Force Base, now Joint Base Lewis-McChord, south of Seattle, Washington, where she continued flying for the military while beginning an airline pilot career. The idea of women serving in military aviation was normalized for me from a young age, as I frequently saw both my mom and her close female friends in uniform and in the cockpit. I was introduced to the topic of the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) in 2010, when my mom had the distinction of escorting WASP Ruth Glaser Wright Guhse during their Congressional Gold Medal ceremony. In April of 2010, I had the honor of meeting WASP Dorothy Kacher Olson when my Girl Scout Troop served as color guard for a City Council meeting in University Place, Washington, during which Olson was recognized. 2 It wasn’t until seven and a half years later, when taking Professor Premilla Nadasen’s History course on Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the 20th Century United States in the Fall 2017 that I began engaging with the topic of Women in the U.S. -
13676 Genaviation Text
ATA rrr:1 Articles 18/3/08 14:53 Page 34 operational tasks, the ATA ran their own maintenance, medical, administration and AA salsalututee toto thethe AATTAA,, catering organisation. Initially the pilots who ferried the planes returned to base by train. A flying taxi service using Ansons and Fairchilds was established so that by 1943 one ATA pilot 6060 yearyearss onon did the work of three. ATA pools reached from Hamble on the Solent to Lossiemouth in the Moray Firth. When women pilots wanted to join the ATA, the sparks really flew. Pauline Gower, an MP’s daughter with 2,000 hours under her belt ferrying 30,000 passengers, wasn’t taking ‘no’ for an answer. She secured Churchill’s intervention and paved the way for more than 110 women to fly alongside 600 Great War fighter aces and commercial pilots rejected by the RAF on grounds of health or age – the self- styled Ancient and Tattered Aviators. The legendary Amy Johnson, who had flown solo to Australia, was ferrying an Oxford south via Blackpool without proper instruments. Flying above the clouds, she waited for a gap to appear; none did. Eventually she ran out of fuel and baled out over the Thames Estuary. By sheer bad luck she drowned next to a navy vessel; Lt-Commander Walter Fletcher perished attempting to save her. E.C. Cheesman, who wrote the story of the ATA in 1945, escaped the same fate when he baled out successfully after failing to get back down through the clouds. Even Douglas Bader was impressed by the women fliers and visited the home of Diana Barnato-Walker, the ATA member who later became the first British woman to break the sound barrier, and who today lives in Kent. -
MAIDENHEAD HERITAGE CENTRE Transcript
MAIDENHEAD HERITAGE CENTRE Transcript of the Diaries of Capt. J A (Arnold) V Watson O.B.E. By kind permission of his daughter, Mrs Pamela Mainwaring Arnold Watson - Transcribed Diaries [2013.101.1] SUMMARY Capt. Watson joined the Air Transport Auxiliary in June 1940 having sought permission from his then employer Lord Wakefield (Castrol Oil). Although he held a pilot’s licence at the time, he had fewer than the minimum hours for acceptance but was accepted after a flight test. His entire time with the ATA was spent at the Headquarters at White Waltham. Initially he was ferrying, but his skills were recognised and he was later promoted to Airborne Navigation Instructor where, mainly on Oxfords & Ansons, he passed out upwards of 80 pupils, plus a few that he didn’t! However, the most important aspect of his ATA career was to come when he was asked to take over the role of Flying Technical Officer where he was responsibile for flight testing any new aircraft which the ATA were going to be asked to ferry and to provide technical information regarding the flying characteristics which would be set out in Ferry Pilots’ Notes. This involved testing the low speed characteristics of each aircraft in a wide range of weather conditions and all aspects of engine and propeller settings. From time to time, this gave cause for alarm as at times the manufacturer’s own test pilots had not tested some of these aspects. There is no doubt that Watson’s work resulted in the greater safety of many pilots.