DOCSLIB.ORG

Ates Women in Aviation 1940-1985 Deborah G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ates Women in Aviation 1940-1985 Deborah G Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Number 7 nite ates women in Aviation 1940-1985 Deborah G. Douglas SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and simitar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. Robert McC. Adams Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN STUDIES IN AIR AND SPACE • NUMBER 7 United States Women in Aviation 1940-1985 Deborah G. Douglas SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1990 ABSTRACT Douglas, Deborah G. United States Women in Aviation, 1940-1985. Smith­ sonian Studies in Air and Space, number 7, 142 pages, 70 figures, 4 tables, 1990.—Covering the years 1940-1985, this study explores two main periods—World War II and the postwar era—in the story of American women in aviation. It is a history of the female pilots, engineers, aircraft industry personnel, and flight attendants who met the challenges of the aviation world, and who had to overcome particular barriers because they were women. Their contributions and achievements in times of war and peace are illustrated by photographs, documents and newspaper accounts of the day, and by personal memoirs. The unusual experiences of these women are examined in this review of the impact of gender on aviation history. Other related numbers in Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space: 2. United States Women in Aviation through World War I, by Claudia M. Oakes 5. United States Women in Aviation, 1919-1929, by Kathleen Brooks- Pazmany 6. United States Women in Aviation, 1930-1939, by Claudia M. Oakes © 1990 by Smithsonian Institution. All rights reserved. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. FRONT COVER: Jacqueline Cochran (S I. photo 72-6626). BACK COVER: Lynn Rippelmeyer (Courtesy of David Hollander), see Figure 63. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Douglas, Deborah G. United States women in aviation, 1940-1985 (Smithsonian studies in air and space ; no. 7) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.42:7 1. Women in aeronautics—United States. I. Title. II. Series T1321.D68 1990 629.13'0082—dc20 89-600095 Contents Page Foreword v Acknowledgments viii Introduction 1 WORLD WAR II 1. Students and Teachers, Clubs and Colleges: Women in Civilian Aviation Organizations 3 2. Coffee, Grease, Blueprints, and Rivets: Women at Work in the Aviation Industry 12 3. Daughters of Minerva: Military Women in Aviation 27 4. Nieces of Uncle Sam: The Women's Airforce Service Pilots .... 44 POSTWAR ERA 5. Demobilization and the Postwar Transition: 1945-1949 57 6. "The Feminine Mystique" and Aviation: The 1950s 69 7. The Impact of the Women's Rights Movement: The 1960s .... 81 8. Women with "The Right Stuff": The 1970s 93 9. Captains of Industry, Airlines, and the Military: 1980-1985 . 107 Appendixes 115 I. North American Women in ATA 115 II. Summary, Congressional Inquiry into WASP 116 III. Tables 117 Notes 119 Glossary of Abbreviations 128 References 129 Index 139 in Foreword At the dawn of this century, when the first fragile "flying machines" were taking to the air. there was much speculation on how the phenomenon of flight might affect those who ventured aloft. Some argued that the immensity of space surrounding pilots, and the tremendous field of view that they would enjoy, would ultimately have an effect on the psyche; the mental horizon would expand with the field of vision, and the aviators would be more open-minded and receptive to what was new and different. The present work, which chronicles American women's participation in aviation with their male counterparts, offers some interesting—if challenging—commentary on the "receptivity" of the flying fraternity. But Deborah Douglas' study offers much more: it illuminates the consider­ able variety of roles that American women were able to play in the development of aviation over the past half century; and the author holds these women up to the reader's view not like so many mounted specimens, but in their cultural milieu, and against the proper socio-economic backdrop. What is more, the story of women in aviation that is related in the following pages is offered as part of a larger story, one that involves us all: that of American society's struggle to adapt itself to a world ruled by technology. Then too, woven through the narrative are threads of the great social questions that have stirred our society in past decades: racial integration, the Equal Rights Amendment, the anti-war movement of the sixties, and other issues in our recent history. Yet at bottom the story related in this book is not just about social issues, but about specific women and airplanes. The narrative is peopled with remarkable personalities such as Jacqueline Cochran and Nancy Love, whose differences of opinion had important consequences when women began to enter the military service. The reader will encounter General "Hap" Arnold, who stated plainly "women can fly as well as men"—yet the U.S. Army Air Forces, which Arnold headed, sometimes used women to demonstrate warplanes with fearsome reputations to airmen who would be flying them. The male reasoning of the 1940s could be counted on to draw the desired conclusion: if a woman would fly it, then it couldn't be all that difficult. Then too, the story has its curious twists and turns, its sometimes strange alliances of interest. There was, for example, the unlikely convergence of anti-war feminists and anti-feminist conservatives in their mutual opposition to the training of women as military pilots. On the other hand, between male airline pilots and female flight attendants there was at first no meaningful coalition for collective bargaining purposes; it took time for their common economic interests to bridge the gender gap. Significantly, Douglas' treatment begins on the eve of American involvement in World War II, an involvement that would prove vital for women's role in American aviation. Claudia Oakes, who traced the women's story during the preceding decade {United States Women in Aviation, 1930-1939), concluded that by 1939 "women were no longer oddities in any area of aviation"; she had found examples of women who were not only pilots and stewardesses, but also engineers, mechanics, and specialists in demonstrating and selling airplanes. In a sense the "heroic" age was over by 1939; the pioneers had staked out various claims to competence, but it remained for the succeeding generation to exploit those claims. Acknowledgments First to be thanked are the countless women from all parts of the United States who have written letters, sent photographs, shared scrapbooks, and recorded impressions of their own experiences in aviation. At conventions and lectures, I have been besieged with offers of assistance; over dinner and hours of conversation, I have learned much, and I have come to admire the passion of these women for all things involved with flight. Truly, it has been an inspiring experience for me, and this study would not have been possible without their help. A few individuals and organizations deserve specific mention. These include Jean Ross Howard and members of the Whirly-Girls, Inc., International Women Helicopter Pilots; Hazel Jones and members of the Ninety-Nines, International Women Pilots Association; Dorothy Niekamp, author of "Women and Flight, 1910-1978: An Annotated Bibliography," an unpublished bibliog­ raphy produced by the Ninety-Nines (I was given permission to use this work extensively for my own research); Lt. Colonel Yvonne C. Pateman, USAF (Ret.); and Professor Lee Kennett of the University of Georgia. The National Air and Space Museum (NASM) staff has been exceedingly helpful at each stage of research and writing. Claudia Oakes, Tim Wooldridge, and Von Hardesty deserve special thanks in addition to Dom Pisano, Bob van der Linden, Dorothy Cochrane, Tom Crouch, Anita Mason, Sybil Deschee- maeker, Larry Wilson, Bob Drieson, Phil Edwards, Mary Pavlovich, Trish Graboske, David Romanowski, and Katie Schwartzstein. Barbara Spann of the Smithsonian Institution Press was a wonderful editor. I would also like to acknowledge several other individuals. My friends with the Daedalus Human Powered Flight Team and Roadwork, Inc., provided much support throughout the time when I was writing and revising this monograph.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Dichotomy Between British and American Women Auxiliary Pilots of World War II
    Straighten Up and Fly Right: The Dichotomy between British and American Women Auxiliary Pilots of World War II Brighid Klick A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN March 31, 2014 Advised by Professor Kali Israel TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... ii Military Services and Auxiliaries ................................................................................. iii Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Introduction of Women Pilots to the War Effort…….... ..................... 7 Chapter Two: Key Differences ..................................................................................... 37 Chapter Three: Need and Experimentation ................................................................ 65 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 91 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 98 ii Acknowledgements I would first like to express my gratitude to my adviser Professor Israel for her support from the very beginning of this project. It was her willingness to write a letter of recommendation for a student she had just met that allowed
    [Show full text]
  • The Ninety Nines
    THE NINETY NINES THE NINETY NINES Captain Nancy Aldrich, aviation writer If you have been reading my blogs, I'm sure you have noticed several references to The Ninety Nines. This article will explain just who they are and what they do. In 1929, the first All Women's Air Derby was held during the National Air Races. It attracted 20* brave, adventurous young women, and covered 2,759 miles. The race began at Santa Monica, California, and ended in Cleveland, Ohio. To qualify as a racer, the women had to have a minimum of 100 flight hours, at least 25 of which had to have been on cross country flights. These were the same requirements for men competing in National Air Races. In the early days of aviation there were not many women pilots, but most of the women had met at previous events. They were a tight band and looked forward to this first real race for women. It was a chance to prove their skills to the general public. They took this event very seriously and were somewhat upset when the humorous commentator, Will Rogers dubbed it, "The Powder Puff Derby." On August 18, 1929, nineteen pilots took off, one more left the next day. Fifteen of the women arrived in Cleveland, 9 days later. Almost every pilot had some kind of problem during the race. Tragically, Marvel Crosson was killed when she crashed in Gila River Valley. Her crash was attributed to carbon monoxide poisoning. When it was learned that she had been killed there was a public outcry to cancel the race.
    [Show full text]
  • X********X************************************************** * Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made * from the Original Document
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 302 264 IR 052 601 AUTHOR Buckingham, Betty Jo, Ed. TITLE Iowa and Some Iowans. A Bibliography for Schools and Libraries. Third Edition. INSTITUTION Iowa State Dept. of Education, Des Moines. PUB DATE 88 NOTE 312p.; Fcr a supplement to the second edition, see ED 227 842. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibllographies; *Authors; Books; Directories; Elementary Secondary Education; Fiction; History Instruction; Learning Resources Centers; *Local Color Writing; *Local History; Media Specialists; Nonfiction; School Libraries; *State History; United States History; United States Literature IDENTIFIERS *Iowa ABSTRACT Prepared primarily by the Iowa State Department of Education, this annotated bibliography of materials by Iowans or about Iowans is a revised tAird edition of the original 1969 publication. It both combines and expands the scope of the two major sections of previous editions, i.e., Iowan listory and literature, and out-of-print materials are included if judged to be of sufficient interest. Nonfiction materials are listed by Dewey subject classification and fiction in alphabetical order by author/artist. Biographies and autobiographies are entered under the subject of the work or in the 920s. Each entry includes the author(s), title, bibliographic information, interest and reading levels, cataloging information, and an annotation. Author, title, and subject indexes are provided, as well as a list of the people indicated in the bibliography who were born or have resided in Iowa or who were or are considered to be Iowan authors, musicians, artists, or other Iowan creators. Directories of periodicals and annuals, selected sources of Iowa government documents of general interest, and publishers and producers are also provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Navigating Discrimination
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Educational Policy Studies Dissertations Department of Educational Policy Studies Spring 5-16-2014 Navigating Discrimination: A Historical Examination of Womens’ Experiences of Discrimination and Triumph within the United States Military and Higher Educational Institutions Dackri Davis Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/eps_diss Recommended Citation Davis, Dackri, "Navigating Discrimination: A Historical Examination of Womens’ Experiences of Discrimination and Triumph within the United States Military and Higher Educational Institutions." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2014. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/eps_diss/110 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Educational Policy Studies at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Educational Policy Studies Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACCEPTANCE This dissertation, NAVIGATING DISCRIMINATION: A HISTORICAL EXAMINATION OF WOMENS’ EXPERIENCES OF DISCRIMINATION AND TRIUMPH WITHIN THE UNITED STATES MILITARY AND HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, by DACKRI DIONNE DAVIS, was prepared under the direction of the candidate’s Dissertation Advisory Committee. It is accepted by the committee members in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Education, Georgia State University. The Dissertation Advisory Committee and the student’s Department Chair, as representative of the faculty, certify that this dissertation has met all standards of excellence and scholarship as determined by the faculty. ______________________ ____________________ Deron Boyles, Ph.D. Philo Hutcheson, Ph.D. Committee Chair Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Megan Sinnott, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue Index Trail Tales: the Journal of Boone County History
    Issue Index Trail Tales: The Journal of Boone County History Published by the Boone County Historical Society Issues 1-127(September 1969 –Spring/Summer 2018) Compiled by Suzanne S. Caswell Copyrighted by Suzanne S. Caswell 2019 Trail Tales Index by Issue* Compiled by Suzanne Caswell No. Date Title Page 1 September “Historical Fair to be Held” 1 1969 BCHS Board Meeting Held (synopsis of minutes) 2-3 “City Hall Records” (Given to BCHS) 4 “Boonesboro Pottery” (Operated by John Franklin Hyten) 4-5 “Four Men Killed: Fast Mail Jumps Track Near River Bridge” 6-9 Boone County Democrat, August 4, 1899 “On Display” (Note about A. P. Olmstead, victim of crash into Honey Creek, July 6, 1881) 9 “The Strange Men at Fraser” 10-24 By A. P. Butts “About this Booklet” (purpose of publication) BC 2 Jan./Feb. Trail Tales (First issue so named) IFC† 1970 “Report of Committee- 1903” (Early Settlers’ Association) 1-8 “Mary Brown Crossing” (Ft. D. D. M. & So. RR) 8-9 “Looking a Gift Horse in the Mouth” (Report on possible museum building) 9-10 “The Boone County Historical Fair” 10-13 “Life at the Moingona Depot” 13-14 Boone Illustrated “1896” (Insert) 3 Apr./May Imprinted Seal of the Incline Railway & Coal Co. 1 1970 “The Runaway on Fraser Hill” (Ft. D., D. M. & So. RR) 3-13 By A. P. Butts “Report on March 18th Meeting” (Discusses the development of Kate Shelley site) 14 “Kate Shelley’s Speech, 1888” 15-39 By Kate Shelley Poem: “Grove Mine No. 1” (IBC)‡ By Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Lord Healey CH MBE PC
    ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 31 (Incorporating the Proceedings of the Bomber Command Association’s 60th Anniversary Symposium) 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Photographs credited to MAP have been reproduced by kind permission of Military Aircraft Photographs. Copies of these, and of many others, may be obtained via http://www.mar.co.uk First published in the UK in 2004 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Typeset by Creative Associates 115 Magdalen Road Oxford OX4 1RS Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 CONTENTS RECOLLECTIONS OF A SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 4 DEFENCE – The Rt Hon The Lord Healey CH MBE PC HOW DECISIVE WAS THE ROLE OF ALLIED AIR POWER 17 IN THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC, 1941-1945? by Sqn Ldr S I Richards SUMMARY OF THE MINUTES OF THE SEVENTEENTH 47 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE CLUB ON 10 JUNE 2003 FEEDBACK 51 DEREK WOOD – AN OBITUARY 55 BOOK REVIEWS 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOMBER COMMAND 82 ASSOCIATION 60TH ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM HELD AT THE RAF MUSEUM, HENDON ON 12 OCTOBER 2002 UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF AIR MSHL SIR JOHN CURTISS KCB KBE 4 RECOLLECTIONS OF A SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE The Rt Hon The Lord Healey CH MBE PC I should perhaps start by saying that there is no specific theme to what I have to say.
    [Show full text]
  • The Official Magazine of the International Organization of Women Pilots
    99 News The Official Magazine of the International Organization of Women Pilots November/December 2016 PERPETUAL CALENDAR 99 News 2016 4-9 Sun 'n Fun Air Show, Lakeland, Florida. WASP and Tuskegee Airmen Luncheon on To list your 99s events DECEMBER Thursday. Ninety-Nines Building open to on this calendar page, 1 Due date for submissions to 99 News for all members. send information to: the January/February issue. 21-23 North Central Spring Section Meeting, Indianapolis, Indiana. The 99 News 1 AE Scholarship applications due. PO Box 950374 28-30 Southeast Section Spring Meeting, Mic- 1 Application for the next session of the cosukee Resort, Miami, Florida. Oklahoma City, OK Professional Pilot Leadership Initiative 73195-0374 (PPLI) opens December 1, 2016 and 27-30 Southwest Section Spring Meeting, Email: closes January 31, 2017. Oakland County Airport Hilton, Wendy [email protected] O'Malley, [email protected]. Online Form: 2017 MAY www.ninety-nines.org/ forms/index.cfm/news_ JANUARY 6 South Central Section Spring Meeting, San reporter.htm Antonio, Texas, hosted by the South Central 15 Deadline for International Award Nomi- Section Board and the 2017 Conference (please use the new form) nations. Please indicate the Committee. name and location 31 Professional Pilot Leadership Initiative application deadline. Fact sheets and JUNE of the event, the applications can be found under the contact name and 1 Due date for submissions to 99 News for Pilot Careers Resource Center section at the phone/fax/email. the July/August issue. ninety-nines.org. For advertising 16-17 International Forest of Friendship, Atchi- FEBRUARY son, Kansas.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Aviation Conference Left to Right: Marilyn Smith, Irene Wirtschafter and Faye Gillis Wells
    Volume XX Number 3The Internatioi Women Pilots Magazine May/June 1994 JOIN THE LARGEST WORLDWIDE WOMEN S PILOT ORGANIZATION Women in Aviation Conference Left to right: Marilyn Smith, Irene Wirtschafter and Faye Gillis Wells. Story on page 5. FLYING IN T O T H E --------- FUTURE World ng toward the 21st century, the Federal Aviation Administration is committed to providing Americans with the world’s highest level of aviation safety and security. Our greatest asset is our people. FAA employees face new challenges every day. We search for solutions to new problems. We refine the latest technology to assure continued excellence. Discover Today’s FAA F.qual O pportunity Em ployer U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration The International Women Pilots Magazine Ninety-Nine May/June 1994 Vol. 20, No. 3 COVER 13 THE NINETY-NINES® INC. Report on Women in Aviation More about g Force BOARD OF DIRECTORS Conference. Story on page 5. BARBARA WILPER President: Lu Hollander ERICA SCURR Vice President: Joyce Wells 14 Secretary: Lois Erickson Job Applications Treasurer: Alexis Koehler Director: Doris Abbate President’s Comments KAREN KAHN Director: Carolyn Carpp LU HOLLANDER Director: A. Lee Orr 15 Director: Connie Wilds 99s Career Data Bank Past President: Gene Nora lessen Headquarters Highlights CAROLYN PASQUAL1NO COUNCIL OF GOVERNORS LORETTA GRAGG United States: 16 Mid-Atlantic: Gayl Henze New Member Listing New England: Mildred “Hut” Ferree Board Report New York/New Jersey: Barbara Mead CONSTANCE WILDS 17 North Central: Virginia Sutherland Northwest: Anita Lorraine Lewis New Member Application Form South Central: Judith Anne Reinhart Southeast: Nancy Lucille Wright Letters to the Editor 18 Southwest: Stacy Leann Hamm The Greatest Thing East Canada: Catherine Una Fraser 10 About Being a 99 West Canada: D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reims Air Races
    Reims Air races and the Gordon Bennett Trophy Bleriot's cross-Channel flight excited Europe as nothing else had. The City of Reims and the French vintners of the Champagne region decided to sponsor a week of aviation exhibition and competition, putting up large purses in prize money, the most prestigious being the International Aviation Cup, known as the Gordon Bennett Trophy, after its sponsor, James Gordon Bennett, the flamboyant American publisher of the New York Herald and the Paris Herald. The meet attracted the cream of European society, from royalty and generals to ambassadors and the merely wealthy, to the Betheny Plain outside Reims from August 22 to 29, 1909. While there were to be many other such meets before and after World War 1, none would match Reims for grandeur and elegance or for sheer excitement. The major European manufacturers, all French, entered various events. There were 'planes by Bleriot, Voisin, Antoinette, and Farman, and even several French-built Wrights. The Wrights themselves had passed on an invitation to race at Reims, which was awkward since the Gordon Bennett Trophy was crowned with a large replica of a Wright Flyer. The Aero Club of America, which had sponsored the Scientific American trophy won by Curtiss a year earlier, turned to Curtiss. Curtiss' June Bug was not as well developed a plane as the Wright machines (and possibly the Wrights were hoping to drive this point home if Curtiss failed at Reims) and while it was more maneuverable than the European planes, it was not nearly as fast. 1909 Voisin 1 Curtiss worked feverishly to produce a more powerful engine and stripped down his airplane to give it greater speed.
    [Show full text]
  • The US Army Air Forces in WWII
    DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Air Force Historical Studies Office 28 June 2011 Errata Sheet for the Air Force History and Museum Program publication: With Courage: the United States Army Air Forces in WWII, 1994, by Bernard C. Nalty, John F. Shiner, and George M. Watson. Page 215 Correct: Second Lieutenant Lloyd D. Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 218 Correct Lieutenant Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 357 Correct Hughes, Lloyd D., 215, 218 To: Hughes, Lloyd H., 215, 218 Foreword In the last decade of the twentieth century, the United States Air Force commemorates two significant benchmarks in its heritage. The first is the occasion for the publication of this book, a tribute to the men and women who served in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War 11. The four years between 1991 and 1995 mark the fiftieth anniversary cycle of events in which the nation raised and trained an air armada and com- mitted it to operations on a scale unknown to that time. With Courage: U.S.Army Air Forces in World War ZZ retells the story of sacrifice, valor, and achievements in air campaigns against tough, determined adversaries. It describes the development of a uniquely American doctrine for the application of air power against an opponent's key industries and centers of national life, a doctrine whose legacy today is the Global Reach - Global Power strategic planning framework of the modern U.S. Air Force. The narrative integrates aspects of strategic intelligence, logistics, technology, and leadership to offer a full yet concise account of the contributions of American air power to victory in that war.
    [Show full text]
  • Famous People from Michigan
    APPENDIX E Famo[ People fom Michigan any nationally or internationally known people were born or have made Mtheir home in Michigan. BUSINESS AND PHILANTHROPY William Agee John F. Dodge Henry Joy John Jacob Astor Herbert H. Dow John Harvey Kellogg Anna Sutherland Bissell Max DuPre Will K. Kellogg Michael Blumenthal William C. Durant Charles Kettering William E. Boeing Georgia Emery Sebastian S. Kresge Walter Briggs John Fetzer Madeline LaFramboise David Dunbar Buick Frederic Fisher Henry M. Leland William Austin Burt Max Fisher Elijah McCoy Roy Chapin David Gerber Charles S. Mott Louis Chevrolet Edsel Ford Charles Nash Walter P. Chrysler Henry Ford Ransom E. Olds James Couzens Henry Ford II Charles W. Post Keith Crain Barry Gordy Alfred P. Sloan Henry Crapo Charles H. Hackley Peter Stroh William Crapo Joseph L. Hudson Alfred Taubman Mary Cunningham George M. Humphrey William E. Upjohn Harlow H. Curtice Lee Iacocca Jay Van Andel John DeLorean Mike Illitch Charles E. Wilson Richard DeVos Rick Inatome John Ziegler Horace E. Dodge Robert Ingersol ARTS AND LETTERS Mitch Albom Milton Brooks Marguerite Lofft DeAngeli Harriette Simpson Arnow Ken Burns Meindert DeJong W. H. Auden Semyon Bychkov John Dewey Liberty Hyde Bailey Alexander Calder Antal Dorati Ray Stannard Baker Will Carleton Alden Dow (pen: David Grayson) Jim Cash Sexton Ehrling L. Frank Baum (Charles) Bruce Catton Richard Ellmann Harry Bertoia Elizabeth Margaret Jack Epps, Jr. William Bolcom Chandler Edna Ferber Carrie Jacobs Bond Manny Crisostomo Phillip Fike Lilian Jackson Braun James Oliver Curwood 398 MICHIGAN IN BRIEF APPENDIX E: FAMOUS PEOPLE FROM MICHIGAN Marshall Fredericks Hugie Lee-Smith Carl M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Saga of Amelia Earhart – Leading Women Into Flight Emilio F
    The Journal of Values-Based Leadership Volume 12 Article 17 Issue 2 Summer/Fall 2019 July 2019 The aP ssion to Fly and to the Courage to Lead: The Saga of Amelia Earhart – Leading Women into Flight Emilio F. Iodice [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl Part of the Business Commons Recommended Citation Iodice, Emilio F. (2019) "The asP sion to Fly and to the Courage to Lead: The aS ga of Amelia Earhart – Leading Women into Flight," The Journal of Values-Based Leadership: Vol. 12 : Iss. 2 , Article 17. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/0733.122.1285 Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl/vol12/iss2/17 This Case Study is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Business at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The ourJ nal of Values-Based Leadership by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. The Passion to Fly and to the Courage to Lead The Saga of Amelia Earhart – Leading Women into Flight EMILIO IODICE, ROME, ITALY Amelia Earhart, 1937, Courtesy, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC In Her Own Words Everyone has oceans to fly, if they have the heart to do it. Is it reckless? Maybe. But what do dreams know of boundaries? Never interrupt someone doing something you said couldn’t be done. Some of us have great runways already built for us. If you have one, take off! But if you don’t have one, realize it is your responsibility to grab a shovel and build one for yourself and for those who will follow after you.
    [Show full text]