2014 Martlesham Heath Aviation Society N E W S L E T T E R
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The Dichotomy Between British and American Women Auxiliary Pilots of World War II
Straighten Up and Fly Right: The Dichotomy between British and American Women Auxiliary Pilots of World War II Brighid Klick A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN March 31, 2014 Advised by Professor Kali Israel TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... ii Military Services and Auxiliaries ................................................................................. iii Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Introduction of Women Pilots to the War Effort…….... ..................... 7 Chapter Two: Key Differences ..................................................................................... 37 Chapter Three: Need and Experimentation ................................................................ 65 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 91 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 98 ii Acknowledgements I would first like to express my gratitude to my adviser Professor Israel for her support from the very beginning of this project. It was her willingness to write a letter of recommendation for a student she had just met that allowed -
Lord Healey CH MBE PC
ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 31 (Incorporating the Proceedings of the Bomber Command Association’s 60th Anniversary Symposium) 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Photographs credited to MAP have been reproduced by kind permission of Military Aircraft Photographs. Copies of these, and of many others, may be obtained via http://www.mar.co.uk First published in the UK in 2004 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Typeset by Creative Associates 115 Magdalen Road Oxford OX4 1RS Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 CONTENTS RECOLLECTIONS OF A SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 4 DEFENCE – The Rt Hon The Lord Healey CH MBE PC HOW DECISIVE WAS THE ROLE OF ALLIED AIR POWER 17 IN THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC, 1941-1945? by Sqn Ldr S I Richards SUMMARY OF THE MINUTES OF THE SEVENTEENTH 47 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE CLUB ON 10 JUNE 2003 FEEDBACK 51 DEREK WOOD – AN OBITUARY 55 BOOK REVIEWS 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOMBER COMMAND 82 ASSOCIATION 60TH ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM HELD AT THE RAF MUSEUM, HENDON ON 12 OCTOBER 2002 UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF AIR MSHL SIR JOHN CURTISS KCB KBE 4 RECOLLECTIONS OF A SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE The Rt Hon The Lord Healey CH MBE PC I should perhaps start by saying that there is no specific theme to what I have to say. -
The US Army Air Forces in WWII
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Air Force Historical Studies Office 28 June 2011 Errata Sheet for the Air Force History and Museum Program publication: With Courage: the United States Army Air Forces in WWII, 1994, by Bernard C. Nalty, John F. Shiner, and George M. Watson. Page 215 Correct: Second Lieutenant Lloyd D. Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 218 Correct Lieutenant Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 357 Correct Hughes, Lloyd D., 215, 218 To: Hughes, Lloyd H., 215, 218 Foreword In the last decade of the twentieth century, the United States Air Force commemorates two significant benchmarks in its heritage. The first is the occasion for the publication of this book, a tribute to the men and women who served in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War 11. The four years between 1991 and 1995 mark the fiftieth anniversary cycle of events in which the nation raised and trained an air armada and com- mitted it to operations on a scale unknown to that time. With Courage: U.S.Army Air Forces in World War ZZ retells the story of sacrifice, valor, and achievements in air campaigns against tough, determined adversaries. It describes the development of a uniquely American doctrine for the application of air power against an opponent's key industries and centers of national life, a doctrine whose legacy today is the Global Reach - Global Power strategic planning framework of the modern U.S. Air Force. The narrative integrates aspects of strategic intelligence, logistics, technology, and leadership to offer a full yet concise account of the contributions of American air power to victory in that war. -
The Second World War 1939-45
CHAPTER 3 THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1939-45 MAP MODIFIED FROM ATLAS OF WARFARE: NATKIEL & PIMLOTT In the First World War, the aeroplane was in its infancy and, for all the strides made in development, it remained an ancillary of land and sea operations. The Second World War, however, brought air power to its maturity; the aeroplane became a decisive weapon and the outcome of both land and sea battles depended upon air superiority. 91 THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1939-45 Between 1939-45 the RAF was in the forefront of the exercise of air power; it prevented an invasion of Britain; it supported British Armies in North Africa, Italy, NW Europe and the Far East; it fought continuously over the seas around Britain, over the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean and over the Indian Ocean; and it played a major role (together with the US Army Air Force) in the strategic bombing offensive against Germany. Of the major air forces of the Second World War, the German, Italian, Japanese and Russian were organized and equipped primarily to support their respective armies on the ground; only the RAF and US Army Air Force had well-developed plans for the independent use of air power in maritime and strategic bombing offensive roles. THE LUFTWAFFE From the first to the last day of the war in Europe, the major opponent of the RAF was the German Luftwaffe. Since the RAF and the Luftwaffe were locked in combat for so long, it is worth looking briefly at their plans for an air war at the start of the Second World War. -
A History of Bentley Priory Open Space
Some Notes on the History of Bentley Priory Open Space When the Bentley Priory estate was broken up in 1926, Middlesex County Council bought 90 acres of the site for use as public open space. The land was subsequently transferred to the GLC and then, in 1968, it came into the ownership of the London Borough of Harrow. The Harrow Natural History Society (HNHS) was formed in 1970 and the following year its members began to survey the area and record the flora and fauna. In 1973 they designed a nature trail to guide visitors around the site, at that time known as Bentley Priory Common or Park, which did not include Summerhouse Lake. The first journal of the HNHS, produced in 1973, contained a map and description of the nature trail. There was also an account of the flora of the common and the first of two articles by Alan Tinsey, describing the results of his survey of Boot Pond. Alan’s second article, and an updated description of the nature trail, appeared in the 1974 journal. A list of the birds that had been recorded in Harrow included observations made on Bentley Priory Common and on Summerhouse Lake. By 1973 plans were afoot to have the area around Summerhouse Lake declared a Nature Reserve. These finally came to fruition in 1975 and an article in the HNHS society journal of 1976 describes how this happened. Here are some extracts from this article. There had been much controversy concerning the fate of the lake. The lake was just a lake as far as the maps were concerned and it did not possess an official name. -
Harrow Council on the Proposed Warding Arrangements As Part of the Current Phase of Your Electoral Review of the Borough
Legal & Governance Services Director – Hugh Peart Andrew Scallan Lead Commissioner The Local Government Boundary Commission For England 14th Floor Millbank Tower Millbank London SW1P 4QP 8 October 2018 Dear Mr Scallan, Electoral Review of London Borough of Harrow Please find enclosed the submission from Harrow Council on the proposed warding arrangements as part of the current phase of your electoral review of the Borough. It consists of a narrative report, a Borough map with our proposed ward boundaries and a spreadsheet which includes the electorate forecast figures for each proposed ward. This submission was approved at a meeting of the Council’s Licensing and General Purposes Committee held on 4 October 2018; the Committee has delegated authority to determine matters related to electoral arrangements in the Borough. As required by the procedures established by the Commission, the submission is based on the Council size of 55 councillors, the figure the Commission agreed it was “minded to” recommend. However, at the meeting, certain Members expressed their concerns at the proposed reduction in the number of councillors and, in particular, its implications for the democratic representation of local residents in the future. The Committee resolved to request the Commission to reconsider its view on the appropriate Council size and agree to retain the current number of 63 councillors for Harrow Borough. Should you require any further information or clarification, please do not hesitate to contact me. Yours sincerely, Elaine McEachron Democratic Electoral & Registration Services Manager Tel: Email: address Democratic Services, Harrow Council, Civic Centre PO Box 2, Station Road, Harrow, HA1 2UH web fax www.harrow.gov.uk 020 8424 1557 Local Government Boundary Commission for England Warding Pattern Submission for Harrow October 2018 2 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................ -
Air and Space Museum Paris-Le Bourget Airport
AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM PARIS-LE BOURGET AIRPORT PRESS KIT AMY JOHNSON EXHIBITION The fate of a heroine 17th May to 31st August 2014 Press Kit— Air and Space museum - « Amy Johnson » 1 CONTENTS 1. THE AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM OF PARIS-LE BOURGET 2. SYNOPSIS AND MAP OF THE EXHIBITION 3. AMY JOHNSON 4. BETWEEN-THE-WARS HALL 6. VISITOR INFORMATION AND CONTACT Amy Johnson on board during the raid England-Australia in 1930, Collection musée de l’Air et de l’Espace - Le Bourget / Monde et Caméra, MC 23340 Press Kit— Air and Space museum - « Amy Johnson » 2 LE1. THE MUSEE AIR DE AND L’AIR SPACE ET DE L’ESPACEMUSEUM he Air and Space museum is located at the Paris-Le Bourget airport, which is the leading European airport for business aviation, and is one of the oldest and most important Air and Space museum in the world. It was inaugurated in 1919 and presents outstanding historical heritage that includes the three main aeronautical areas: balloon/airship flight, aviation and space navigation. Its collections include more than 400 aircraft, out of which 150 are on display, from the earliest Taircraft to the Concorde, such as the Bréguet XIX “Point d’interrogation” or the unforgettable Supermarine Spitfire. Besides aircraft, the collections include engines, propellers, equipment, lots of graphical works of art, toys, miniatures and models, uniforms, pictures and archives. As a link between past and future, the Air and Space museum of Le Bourget is a living place: there are numerous cultural events, frequent addition of new items to existing collections, activities for the benefit of all public categories, such as the area “Planète Pilote” devoted to children, area hire for corporate events, films and pictures shooting, etc. -
“STOWAWAY” by BETTY DREWRY (Served in ATA from 02/06/1942 To
“STOWAWAY” BY BETTY DREWRY (Served in ATA from 02/06/1942 to 17/01/1945) Elizabeth Drewry Recollections (The Stowaway) [2013.35.2.1] FOREWORD BY CHRISTOPHER DREWRY (Betty’s half-brother) In November 1943 a 24 year old English girl hit the headlines of the national and international press. In the years immediately preceding the Second World War she had received a comfortable and privileged upbringing and had started a career as a ballet dancer but from the outbreak of war she had been desperately trying to learn to fly so that she could contribute to the war effort by becoming a female pilot ferrying military aircraft for the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA). Every conceivable form of prevarication, bureaucracy and discrimination had been applied to frustrate her attempts to secure a flying course in Britain but she was determined not to be beaten. She had become an aviation mechanic servicing Liberator bombers while she waited in vain for the promised flying training which never materialised. Finally her frustration boiled over and, hearing that the prospects for being trained to fly were better on the other side of the Atlantic, she stowed away one night in the nose-wheel of a bomber leaving Scotland and climbed out into a hangar at Montreal, Canada 19 hours later. The first anyone knew about it at home was when the press descended onto her parents’ doorstep. Having managed to avoid deportation by the skin of her teeth, she succeeded in working her way across Canada and, after appealing to no less a person than President Roosevelt’s wife, into America where she eventually acquired a civil pilot’s licence. -
Bentley Priory Circular Walk" and Turn Left up 9 Are Still Shrouded in Mystery
Start point After approximately 100 yards you will come across a kissing Turn right just before the junction with Wood Lane, to the left you can see View Point Car Park, gate, go through and continue on to second kissing gate where Stanmore Hall. Follow the minor road downhill to the Vine Public House 1 Old Redding you turn right into Priory Drive. 100 yards down Priory Drive where you turn left down Stanmore Hill. Continue down for 5 fork left to the main road at Stanmore. Cross this busy road, approximately 200 yards to the junction with Wood Lane and turn right Leave the car park by the right hand taking care and using the centre refuge, to the right hand side of Warren into Aylmer Drive. Continue to the end of Aylmer Drive and pass through vehicle access and turn right past The Lane. Continue up Warren Lane for approximately 100 yards and turn left the kissing gate entering Bentley Priory where you turn right Case Is Altered public house. into the car park. The route enters Stanmore Common at the bottom of along the chicken wire covered walkway to a chain link fence. Cross the road and enter Harrow the car park by the Bentley Priory Walk signpost. There are two tracks, Turn left at the fence and follow the path; to the right of you is a Weald Common by the five bar gate, The name of this public house is a take the right hand track which bears right after approximately 20 yards privately owned deer park where there is a resident herd of deer; 7 continue along the track following way corruption of "Casa Alta" or High and shortly crosses a dirt track where there is another way sign continuing follow this path to a T-junction with the tarmac path which House"; from its garden you can straight on to eventually meet Warren Lane again. -
The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP): Marvelous Women with Their Eyes on the Stars
The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP): Marvelous Women With Their Eyes on the Stars Anne Wensley Senior Thesis Department of History Barnard College, Columbia University Professor Carl Wennerlind April 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “With the new day comes new strength and new thoughts” - Eleanor Roosevelt I’ve had the incredible privilege of growing up with a phenomenal, strong female role model: my mom, Lieutenant Colonel Laura Theodorson. When I was born, she was stationed on active duty at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey, eight years into what would become twenty-eight years of service in the U.S. Air Force. Twenty years ago, my mom transitioned to the Air Force Reserve at McChord Air Force Base, now Joint Base Lewis-McChord, south of Seattle, Washington, where she continued flying for the military while beginning an airline pilot career. The idea of women serving in military aviation was normalized for me from a young age, as I frequently saw both my mom and her close female friends in uniform and in the cockpit. I was introduced to the topic of the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) in 2010, when my mom had the distinction of escorting WASP Ruth Glaser Wright Guhse during their Congressional Gold Medal ceremony. In April of 2010, I had the honor of meeting WASP Dorothy Kacher Olson when my Girl Scout Troop served as color guard for a City Council meeting in University Place, Washington, during which Olson was recognized. 2 It wasn’t until seven and a half years later, when taking Professor Premilla Nadasen’s History course on Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the 20th Century United States in the Fall 2017 that I began engaging with the topic of Women in the U.S. -
13676 Genaviation Text
ATA rrr:1 Articles 18/3/08 14:53 Page 34 operational tasks, the ATA ran their own maintenance, medical, administration and AA salsalututee toto thethe AATTAA,, catering organisation. Initially the pilots who ferried the planes returned to base by train. A flying taxi service using Ansons and Fairchilds was established so that by 1943 one ATA pilot 6060 yearyearss onon did the work of three. ATA pools reached from Hamble on the Solent to Lossiemouth in the Moray Firth. When women pilots wanted to join the ATA, the sparks really flew. Pauline Gower, an MP’s daughter with 2,000 hours under her belt ferrying 30,000 passengers, wasn’t taking ‘no’ for an answer. She secured Churchill’s intervention and paved the way for more than 110 women to fly alongside 600 Great War fighter aces and commercial pilots rejected by the RAF on grounds of health or age – the self- styled Ancient and Tattered Aviators. The legendary Amy Johnson, who had flown solo to Australia, was ferrying an Oxford south via Blackpool without proper instruments. Flying above the clouds, she waited for a gap to appear; none did. Eventually she ran out of fuel and baled out over the Thames Estuary. By sheer bad luck she drowned next to a navy vessel; Lt-Commander Walter Fletcher perished attempting to save her. E.C. Cheesman, who wrote the story of the ATA in 1945, escaped the same fate when he baled out successfully after failing to get back down through the clouds. Even Douglas Bader was impressed by the women fliers and visited the home of Diana Barnato-Walker, the ATA member who later became the first British woman to break the sound barrier, and who today lives in Kent. -
MAIDENHEAD HERITAGE CENTRE Transcript
MAIDENHEAD HERITAGE CENTRE Transcript of the Diaries of Capt. J A (Arnold) V Watson O.B.E. By kind permission of his daughter, Mrs Pamela Mainwaring Arnold Watson - Transcribed Diaries [2013.101.1] SUMMARY Capt. Watson joined the Air Transport Auxiliary in June 1940 having sought permission from his then employer Lord Wakefield (Castrol Oil). Although he held a pilot’s licence at the time, he had fewer than the minimum hours for acceptance but was accepted after a flight test. His entire time with the ATA was spent at the Headquarters at White Waltham. Initially he was ferrying, but his skills were recognised and he was later promoted to Airborne Navigation Instructor where, mainly on Oxfords & Ansons, he passed out upwards of 80 pupils, plus a few that he didn’t! However, the most important aspect of his ATA career was to come when he was asked to take over the role of Flying Technical Officer where he was responsibile for flight testing any new aircraft which the ATA were going to be asked to ferry and to provide technical information regarding the flying characteristics which would be set out in Ferry Pilots’ Notes. This involved testing the low speed characteristics of each aircraft in a wide range of weather conditions and all aspects of engine and propeller settings. From time to time, this gave cause for alarm as at times the manufacturer’s own test pilots had not tested some of these aspects. There is no doubt that Watson’s work resulted in the greater safety of many pilots.