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Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions Et Usages Du Mythe Égyptien
Revue de l’histoire des religions 4 | 2018 Qu’est-ce qu’un mythe égyptien ? Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Katja Goebs and John Baines Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 DOI: 10.4000/rhr.9334 ISSN: 2105-2573 Publisher Armand Colin Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2018 Number of pages: 645-681 ISBN: 978-2-200-93200-8 ISSN: 0035-1423 Electronic reference Katja Goebs and John Baines, “Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth”, Revue de l’histoire des religions [Online], 4 | 2018, Online since 01 December 2020, connection on 13 January 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rhr.9334 Tous droits réservés KATJA GOEBS / JOHN BAINES University of Toronto / University of Oxford Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth* This article discusses functions and uses of myth in ancient Egypt as a contribution to comparative research. Applications of myth are reviewed in order to present a basic general typology of usages: from political, scholarly, ritual, and medical applications, through incorporation in images, to linguistic and literary exploitations. In its range of function and use, Egyptian myth is similar to that of other civilizations, except that written narratives appear to have developed relatively late. The many attested forms and uses underscore its flexibility, which has entailed many interpretations starting with assessments of the Osiris myth reported by Plutarch (2nd century AD). Myths conceptualize, describe, explain, and control the world, and they were adapted to an ever-changing reality. Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Cet article discute les fonctions et les usages du mythe en Égypte ancienne dans une perspective comparatiste et passe en revue ses applications, afin de proposer une typologie générale de ses usages – applications politiques, érudites, rituelles et médicales, incorporation dans des images, exploitation linguistique et littéraire. -
Geodynamics and Geospatial Research CONFERENCE PAPERS
Geodynamics and Geospatial Research CONFERENCE PAPERS University of Latvia International ISBN 978-9934-18-352-2 Scientific 9 789934 183522 Conference th With support of: Latvijas Universitātes 76. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference Latvijas Universitātes Ģeodēzijas un Ģeoinformātikas institūts Valsts pētījumu programma RESPROD University of Latvia 76th International Scientific Conference Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics ĢEODINAMIKA UN ĢEOKOSMISKIE PĒTĪJUMI GEODYNAMICS AND GEOSPATIAL RESEARCH KONFERENCES zināTNISKIE RAKSTI CONFERENCE PAPERS Latvijas Universitāte, 2018 University of Latvia 76th International Scientific Conference. Geodynamics and Geospatial Research. Conference Papers. Riga, University of Latvia, 2018, 62 p. The conference “Geodynamics and Geospatial Research” organized by the Uni ver sity of Latvia Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics of the University of Latvia addresses a wide range of scientific studies and is focused on the interdisciplinarity, versatility and possibilities of research in this wider context in the future to reach more significant discoveries, including business applications and innovations in solutions for commercial enterprises. The research presented at the conference is at different stages of its development and presents the achievements and the intended future. The publication is intended for researchers, students and research social partners as a source of current information and an invitation to join and support these studies. Published according to the decision No 6 from May 25 2018 of the University of Latvia Scientific Council Editor in Chief: prof. Valdis Seglins Reviewers: Dr. R. Jäger, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Dr. B. Bayram, Yildiz Technical University Dr. A. Kluga, Riga Technical university Conference papers are published by support of University of Latvia and State Research program “Forest and Mineral resources studies and sustainable use – new products and Technologies” RESPROD no. -
In Ancient Egypt
THE ROLE OF THE CHANTRESS ($MW IN ANCIENT EGYPT SUZANNE LYNN ONSTINE A thesis submined in confonnity with the requirements for the degm of Ph.D. Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civiliations University of Toronto %) Copyright by Suzanne Lynn Onstine (200 1) . ~bsPdhorbasgmadr~ exclusive liceacc aiiowhg the ' Nationai hiof hada to reproduce, loan, distnia sdl copies of this thesis in miaof#m, pspa or elccmnic f-. L'atm criucrve la propri&C du droit d'autear qui protcge cette thtse. Ni la thèse Y des extraits substrrntiets deceMne&iveatetreimprimCs ouraitnmcrtrepoduitssanssoai aut&ntiom The Role of the Chmaes (fm~in Ancient Emt A doctorai dissertacion by Suzanne Lynn On*, submitted to the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, 200 1. The specitic nanire of the tiUe Wytor "cimûes", which occurrPd fcom the Middle Kingdom onwatd is imsiigated thrwgh the use of a dalabase cataloging 861 woinen whheld the title. Sorting the &ta based on a variety of delails has yielded pattern regatding their cbnological and demographical distribution. The changes in rhe social status and numbers of wbmen wbo bore the Weindicale that the Egyptians perceivecl the role and ams of the titk âiffefcntiy thugh tirne. Infomiation an the tities of ihe chantressw' family memkrs bas ailowed the author to make iderences cawming llse social status of the mmen who heu the title "chanms". MiMid Kingdom tifle-holders wverc of modest backgrounds and were quite rare. Eighteenth DMasty women were of the highest ranking families. The number of wamen who held the titk was also comparatively smaii, Nimeenth Dynasty women came [rom more modesi backgrounds and were more nwnennis. -
The Story of Osiris Osiris Was the King of Egypt
Story The Story of Osiris Osiris was the King of Egypt. During his reign, Osiris’ people were happy and well-fed. However, Osiris’ brother Seth became very jealous of the king’s success. While Osiris was travelling and bringing his blessings to other nations, Seth came up with a devious plan. Secretly, Seth found out Osiris’ exact body measurements and asked for a beautiful chest to be made that he knew would only fit Osiris. Upon Osiris’ return from his travels, Seth invited his brother to a great feast. During the celebrations, Seth revealed the exquisite chest and declared that he would give it to anyone who fitted into it exactly. Many tried and failed to fit into the chest, and eventually, Osiris asked to try. He was delighted that the chest fitted him perfectly, but at that very moment, Seth’s evil plan revealed itself; he slammed the lid, nailed it shut and sealed every crack with molten lead. Osiris died within the chest and his soul (or ‘ka’) moved on into the spirit world. Seth ruthlessly cast the chest that contained Osiris’ body into the River Nile. Isis, who was Osiris’ sister and wife, was devastated and feared for the safety of Horus, their child. She secretly fled into the marshes to look after Horus but was afraid that Seth would find the baby and murder him. So when Isis found shelter on a small, isolated island, which was home to the goddess Buto, she asked Buto to guard Horus. For extra protection, Isis transformed the island into a floating island, so it never stayed in one place permanently. -
CLEAR II Egyptian Mythology and Religion Packet by Jeremy Hixson 1. According to Chapter 112 of the
CLEAR II Egyptian Mythology and Religion Packet by Jeremy Hixson 1. According to Chapter 112 of the Book of the Dead, two of these deities were charged with ending a storm at the city of Pe, and the next chapter assigns the other two of these deities to the city of Nekhen. The Pyramid Texts describe these gods as bearing Osiris's body to the heavens and, in the Middle Kingdom, the names of these deities were placed on the corner pillars of coffins. Maarten Raven has argued that the association of these gods with the intestines developed later from their original function, as gods of the four quarters of the world. Isis was both their mother and grandmother. For 10 points, consisting of Qebehsenuef, Imsety, Duamutef, and Hapi, the protectors of the organs stored in the canopic jars which bear their heads, these are what group of deities, the progeny of a certain falconheaded god? ANSWER: Sons of Horus [or Children of Horus; accept logical equivalents] 2. According to Plutarch, the proSpartan Kimon sent a delegation with a secret mission to this deity, though he died before its completion, prompting the priest to inform his men that Kimon was already with this deity. Pausanias says that Pindar offered a statue of this god carved by Kalamis in Thebes and Pythian IV includes Medea's prediction that "the daughter of Epaphus will one day be planted... amid the foundations" of this god in Libya. Every ten days a cult statue of this god was transported to Medinet Habu in western Thebes, where he had first created the world by fertilizing the world egg. -
Survey and Salvage Epigraphy of Rock-Cut Graffiti and Inscriptions in the Area of Aswan Report on the Season in Autumn 2012 and Spring 2013
Survey and Salvage Epigraphy of Rock-Cut Graffiti and Inscriptions in the Area of Aswan Report on the Season in Autumn 2012 and Spring 2013 by Linda Borrmann (German Archaeological Institute Cairo) 1) Introduction 2) The site of the Royal Stelae south of Aswan a. Setting b. Stelae c. Further inscriptions d. Preliminary results 3) Rock art in Wadi Berber on the West Bank of Aswan a. Setting b. Rock art c. Landscape and spatial recording 1) Introduction From October 23, 2012 until December 05, 2012 and from March 03, 2013 until March 07, 2013 work on surveying and salvage epigraphy on rock inscriptions and rock art in the Aswan area was continued in the framework of the joint project between the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) and the Ministry of State for Antiquities (MSA).1 During this field season work on a group of New Kingdom royal stelae situated south of the town of Aswan (behind the workshop "Turquoise Joaillerie") and at a rock art site in Wadi Berber on the West Bank of Aswan was completed. 1 Members of the team were: Dr. Fathy Abu Zeid (head of the mission, MSA), Dr. Abd el Hakim Karrar (head of the mission, MSA), Prof. Dr. Stephan Seidlmayer (head of the mission, DAI Cairo), Linda Borrmann M.A. (field director, DAI Cairo), Adel Kelany (field director, MSA), Rebecca Döhl M.A. (sub-project “Rock Art in Wadi Berber”), Shazli Ali Abd el Azim, Alexander Juraschka, Anita Kriener M.A., Mahmoud Mamdouh Mokhtar, Ahmed Mohamed Hassan Mohamed, Heba Saad Harby, Elisabeth Wegner (members of the collaborative team), Mohamed Abdu Ali, Salah el Deen Ismael Abd el Raof, Yosra Khalf Allah el Zohry, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed (trainees of the MSA). -
Egyptian Religion a Handbook
A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION BY ADOLF ERMAN WITH 130 ILLUSTRATIONS Published in tile original German edition as r handbook, by the Ge:r*rm/?'~?~~ltunf of the Berlin Imperial Morcums TRANSLATED BY A. S. GRIFFITH LONDON ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO. LTD. '907 Itic~mnoCLAY B 80~8,L~~II'ED BRIIO 6Tllll&I "ILL, E.C., AY" DUN,I*Y, RUFIOLP. ; ,, . ,ill . I., . 1 / / ., l I. - ' PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION THEvolume here translated appeared originally in 1904 as one of the excellent series of handbooks which, in addition to descriptive catalogues, are ~rovidedby the Berlin Museums for the guida,nce of visitors to their great collections. The haud- book of the Egyptian Religion seemed cspecially worthy of a wide circulation. It is a survey by the founder of the modern school of Egyptology in Germany, of perhaps tile most interest- ing of all the departments of this subject. The Egyptian religion appeals to some because of its endless variety of form, and the many phases of superstition and belief that it represents ; to others because of its early recognition of a high moral principle, its elaborate conceptions of a life aftcr death, and its connection with the development of Christianity; to others again no doubt because it explains pretty things dear to the collector of antiquities, and familiar objects in museums. Professor Erman is the first to present the Egyptian religion in historical perspective; and it is surely a merit in his worlc that out of his profound knowledge of the Egyptian texts, he permits them to tell their own tale almost in their own words, either by extracts or by summaries. -
Egyptian Magic Publishers’ Note
S.V. JBooftg on Bagpt anft Cbalfta?a VOL. II. EGYPTIAN MAGIC PUBLISHERS’ NOTE. In the year 1894 Dr. Wallis Budge prepared for Messrs. Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co. an elementary work on the Egyptian language, entitled “First Steps in Egyptian,” and two years later the companion volume, “ An Egyptian Reading Book,” with transliterations of all the texts printed in it, and a full vocabulary. I he success of these works proved that they had helped to satisfy a want long felt by students of the Egyptian language, and as a similar want existed among students of the languages written in the cuneiform character, Mr. L. W. King, of the British Museum, prepared, on the same lines as the two books mentioned above, an elementary work on the Assyrian and Babylonian languages (“First Steps in Assyrian”), which appeared in 1898. These works, however, dealt mainly with the philological branch of Egyptology and Assyriology, and it was impossible in the space allowed to explain much that needed explanation in the other branches of these subjects—that is to say, matters relating to the archaeology, history, religion, etc., of the Egyptians, Assyrians, and Babylonians. In answer to the numerous requests which have been made, a series of short, popular handbooks on the most important branches of Egyptology and Assyriology have been prepared, and it is hoped that these will serve as introductions to the larger works on these subjects. The present is the second volume of the series, and the succeeding volumes will be published at short intervals, and at moderate prices. -
Madness in Greek Thought and Custom
he niversi of Mic t u ty higan Madne ss in G re e k Tho ught and C usto m AGNES CARR VAU GH AN A ssis tan t Profeuor of Greek in Wells College A D IS S E RT A T IO N S IN AR AL FU LFILLME N U D P T m M R BME “ “ FO ITT TI Q IN U NIVERSIT"OF MICH IGA N B A M LT I O RE MPA N " 1 . H . FU RST C O 1 9 1 9 PREFACE Before presenting the material of this di ssertation I wish to take the opportunity to express my deep appreciation of the assistance and encouragement given me in my work by the G an d M reek Latin faculties of the University of ichigan and of B C ryn Mawr ollege . I wish to thank especially P rofessor Campbell Bonner of th e University of Michigan for his direction and supervision dur ing the entire period of preparation of this dissertation and to the express my gratitude to Professo r Francis W. Kelsey of University of Michigan for his interest in the work and for his t many valuable sugges ions . M f G m o I . o th e am also indebted to Mr . F o re of depart ent Classical Philology of Columbia University for his courtesy in extending to me th e privileges of the Columbia Library . N v m 1 91 9. o e ber , TABLE OF CONTENT S H n u t n C AP R I. -
Fate in Ancient Egypt
May Ahmed Hosny (JAAUTH), Vol. 19 No. 3, (2020), pp. 61-68. Fate in ancient Egypt May Ahmed Hosny Faculty of tourism and hotel management, Helwan University ARTICLE INFO Abstract Keywords: The Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the richest Fate; Destiny; Shay; civilizations in acquiring various concepts and beliefs from last judgment; God’s nature. These concepts and beliefs can be divided into two will. categories Secular and Religious. As the ancient Egyptians were very religious people, so their dominant beliefs were (JAAUTH) religious beliefs which in turn had a great influence upon Vol. 19, No. 3, their secular life. Consequently, both concepts and beliefs (2020), were intermingling together. This paper will deal with a PP.61-68. unique topic which exists within the different thoughts and beliefs of every human being. No matter what was the time or the age this concept dominates the mind of every human being. Therefore, all the incidents that happens in our life will be automatically related to the fate concept which is stored in the thoughts and beliefs of the human mind. The Concept and its development In the ancient Egyptian language, the fate was known as: “ :SAy or : SAyt or SAw: meaning ordain or fix, which reflects the action of the divinities.(Wb IV 402, 8, 9) . The word “SAw” appeared since the end of the Old Kingdom till the late period, especially in the wisdom literature as for example the “Instruction of Ptahhotep” dating back to the 6th dynasty which stated “His time does not fail o come, one does not escape what is fated”. -
Naukratis, Heracleion-Thonis and Alexandria
Originalveröffentlichung in: Damian Robinson, Andrew Wilson (Hg.), Alexandria and the North-Western Delta. Joint conference proceedings of Alexandria: City and Harbour (Oxford 2004) and The Trade and Topography of Egypt's North-West Delta, 8th century BC to 8th century AD (Berlin 2006), Oxford 2010, S. 15-24 2: Naukratis, Heracleion-Thonis and Alexandria - Remarks on the Presence and Trade Activities of Greeks in the North-West Delta from the Seventh Century BC to the End of the Fourth Century BC Stefan Pfeiffer The present article examines how Greek trade in Egypt 2. Greeks and SaTtic Egypt developed and the consequences that the Greek If we disregard the Minoan and Mycenaean contacts economic presence had on political and economic condi with Egypt, we can establish Greco-Egyptian relations as tions in Egypt. I will focus especially on the Delta region far back as the seventh century BC.2 A Greek presence and, as far as possible, on the city of Heracleion-Thonis on in the Delta can be established directly or indirectly for the Egyptian coast, discovered by Franck Goddio during the following places: Naukratis, Korn Firin, Sais, Athribis, underwater excavations at the end of the twentieth Bubastis, Mendes, Tell el-Mashkuta, Daphnai and century. The period discussed here was an exceedingly Magdolos. 3 In most of the reports, 4 Rhakotis, the settle exciting one for Egypt, as the country, forced by changes ment preceding Alexandria, is mentioned as the location in foreign policy, reversed its isolation from the rest of the of the Greeks, an assumption based on a misinterpreted ancient world. -
Comments to the Lithic Industry of the Buto-Maadi Culture in Lower Egypt
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN CULTURE IN THE NILE BASIN AND NORTHERN AFRICA UNTIL THE SECOND MILLENNIUM B.C. Poznari 1993 PL ISSN 0866-9244 ISBN 83-900434-1-6 Klaus Schmidt Comments to the lithic industry of the Buto-Maadi culture in Lower Egypt New investigation of the Predynastic cultures of Lower Egypt - for a long time only known from short preliminary reports of old excavations - now allow a better understanding of the period in this region. The excavations at Merimde- Benisalame (Eiwanger 1984; 1988) and Tell el-Fara'in (von der Way 1986; 1987; 1988; 1989), the historical Buto, as well as re-examination of old excavation finds from el-Omari (Debono and Mortensen 1990), Heliopolis (Debono and Morten- sen 1988) and Maadi (Rizkana and Seeher 1984; 1985; 1987; 1988) have changed the situation. Today the prehistory of Lower Egypt is better known than that of Upper Egypt. In addition to pottery, normally used in “classicaT' comparative studies, now in Lower Egypt exists the possibility for comparisons in lithics. The investigations of Upper Egyptian lithic samples, especially the reassessment of old material are restricted by the absence of good stratigraphic sequences (McHugh 1982: 85; Holmes 1988)). The continuing excavation at Tell el-Fara'in (Buto) present, after Merimde, a chronologically extended stratigraphic sequence of different cultural layers: starting with the period of Maadi (layer I) the stratigraphy at Buto continues into the Early Dynastic Period (layer V) without any visible hiatus (von der Way 1989). Now we are able to recognize that the Maadi culture is not a local phenomenon, but distributed over the whole Delta with some additional smaller sites south of Cairo (Habachi and Kaiser 1985; Kaiser 1985; Mortensen 1985; Junker 1912: 2).